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Henriques J, Amaro AM, Piedade AP. Biomimicking Atherosclerotic Vessels: A Relevant and (Yet) Sub-Explored Topic. Biomimetics (Basel) 2024; 9:135. [PMID: 38534820 DOI: 10.3390/biomimetics9030135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis represents the etiologic source of several cardiovascular events, including myocardial infarction, cerebrovascular accidents, and peripheral artery disease, which remain the leading cause of mortality in the world. Numerous strategies are being delineated to revert the non-optimal projections of the World Health Organization, by both designing new diagnostic and therapeutic approaches or improving the interventional procedures performed by physicians. Deeply understanding the pathological process of atherosclerosis is, therefore, mandatory to accomplish improved results in these trials. Due to their availability, reproducibility, low expensiveness, and rapid production, biomimicking physical models are preferred over animal experimentation because they can overcome some limitations, mainly related to replicability and ethical issues. Their capability to represent any atherosclerotic stage and/or plaque type makes them valuable tools to investigate hemodynamical, pharmacodynamical, and biomechanical behaviors, as well as to optimize imaging systems and, thus, obtain meaningful prospects to improve the efficacy and effectiveness of treatment on a patient-specific basis. However, the broadness of possible applications in which these biomodels can be used is associated with a wide range of tissue-mimicking materials that are selected depending on the final purpose of the model and, consequently, prioritizing some materials' properties over others. This review aims to summarize the progress in fabricating biomimicking atherosclerotic models, mainly focusing on using materials according to the intended application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana Henriques
- University of Coimbra, CEMMPRE, ARISE, Department of Mechanical Engineering, 3030-788 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ana M Amaro
- University of Coimbra, CEMMPRE, ARISE, Department of Mechanical Engineering, 3030-788 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ana P Piedade
- University of Coimbra, CEMMPRE, ARISE, Department of Mechanical Engineering, 3030-788 Coimbra, Portugal
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2
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Soni SS, Kim KM, Sarkar B, Rodell CB. Uptake of Cyclodextrin Nanoparticles by Macrophages is Dependent on Particle Size and Receptor-Mediated Interactions. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2024:10.1021/acsabm.3c00985. [PMID: 38231485 PMCID: PMC11252246 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.3c00985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
Physiochemical properties of nanoparticles, such as their size and chemical composition, dictate their interaction with professional phagocytes of the innate immune system. Macrophages, in particular, are key regulators of the immune microenvironment that heavily influence particle biodistribution as a result of their uptake. This attribute enables macrophage-targeted delivery, including for phenotypic modulation. Saccharide-based materials, including polyglucose polymers and nanoparticles, are efficient vehicles for macrophage-targeted delivery. Here, we investigate the influence of particle size on cyclodextrin nanoparticle (CDNP) uptake by macrophages and further examine the receptor-mediated interactions that drive macrophage-targeted delivery. We designed and synthesized CDNPs ranging in size from 25 nm to >100 nm in diameter. Increasing particle size was correlated with greater uptake by macrophages in vitro. Both scavenger receptor A1 and mannose receptor were critical mediators of macrophage-targeted delivery, inhibition of which reduced the extent of uptake. Finally, we investigated the cellular bioavailability of drug-loaded CDNPs using a model anti-inflammatory drug, celastrol, which demonstrated that drug bioactivity is improved by CDNP loading relative to free drug alone. This study thus elucidates the interactions between the polyglucose nanoparticles and macrophages, thereby facilitating their application in macrophage-targeted drug delivery that has applications in the context of tissue injury and repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shreya S Soni
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Science and Health Systems, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Kenneth M Kim
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Science and Health Systems, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Biplab Sarkar
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Science and Health Systems, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Christopher B Rodell
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Science and Health Systems, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
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3
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Ravi S, Martin LC, Krishnan M, Kumaresan M, Manikandan B, Ramar M. Interactions between macrophage membrane and lipid mediators during cardiovascular diseases with the implications of scavenger receptors. Chem Phys Lipids 2024; 258:105362. [PMID: 38006924 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphyslip.2023.105362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/27/2023]
Abstract
The onset and progression of cardiovascular diseases with the major underlying cause being atherosclerosis, occur during chronic inflammatory persistence in the vascular system, especially within the arterial wall. Such prolonged maladaptive inflammation is driven by macrophages and their key mediators are generally attributed to a disparity in lipid metabolism. Macrophages are the primary cells of innate immunity, endowed with expansive membrane domains involved in immune responses with their signalling systems. During atherosclerosis, the membrane domains and receptors control various active organisations of macrophages. Their scavenger/endocytic receptors regulate the trafficking of intracellular and extracellular cargo. Corresponding influence on lipid metabolism is mediated by their dynamic interaction with scavenger membrane receptors and their integrated mechanisms such as pinocytosis, phagocytosis, cholesterol export/import, etc. This interaction not only results in the functional differentiation of macrophages but also modifies their structural configurations. Here, we reviewed the association of macrophage membrane biomechanics and their scavenger receptor families with lipid metabolites during the event of atherogenesis. In addition, the membrane structure of macrophages and the signalling pathways involved in endocytosis integrated with lipid metabolism are detailed. This article establishes future insights into the scavenger receptors as potential targets for cardiovascular disease prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangeetha Ravi
- Department of Zoology, University of Madras, Guindy Campus, Chennai 600 025, India
| | | | - Mahalakshmi Krishnan
- Department of Zoology, University of Madras, Guindy Campus, Chennai 600 025, India
| | - Manikandan Kumaresan
- Department of Zoology, University of Madras, Guindy Campus, Chennai 600 025, India
| | - Beulaja Manikandan
- Department of Biochemistry, Annai Veilankanni's College for Women, Chennai 600 015, India
| | - Manikandan Ramar
- Department of Zoology, University of Madras, Guindy Campus, Chennai 600 025, India.
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4
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Zbesko JC, Stokes J, Becktel DA, Doyle KP. Targeting foam cell formation to improve recovery from ischemic stroke. Neurobiol Dis 2023; 181:106130. [PMID: 37068641 PMCID: PMC10993857 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2023.106130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammation is a crucial part of the healing process after an ischemic stroke and is required to restore tissue homeostasis. However, the inflammatory response to stroke also worsens neurodegeneration and creates a tissue environment that is unfavorable to regeneration for several months, thereby postponing recovery. In animal models, inflammation can also contribute to the development of delayed cognitive deficits. Myeloid cells that take on a foamy appearance are one of the most prominent immune cell types within chronic stroke infarcts. Emerging evidence indicates that they form as a result of mechanisms of myelin lipid clearance becoming overwhelmed, and that they are a key driver of the chronic inflammatory response to stroke. Therefore, targeting lipid accumulation in foam cells may be a promising strategy for improving recovery. The aim of this review is to provide an overview of current knowledge regarding inflammation and foam cell formation in the brain in the weeks and months following ischemic stroke and identify targets that may be amenable to therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob C Zbesko
- Department of Immunobiology, University of Arizona, United States
| | - Jessica Stokes
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Arizona, United States
| | | | - Kristian P Doyle
- Department of Immunobiology, University of Arizona, United States; Departments of Neurology, Neurosurgery, Psychology, Arizona Center on Aging, and the BIO5 Institute, University of Arizona, United States.
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5
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Gusev E, Sarapultsev A. Atherosclerosis and Inflammation: Insights from the Theory of General Pathological Processes. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24097910. [PMID: 37175617 PMCID: PMC10178362 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24097910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent advances have greatly improved our understanding of the molecular mechanisms behind atherosclerosis pathogenesis. However, there is still a need to systematize this data from a general pathology perspective, particularly with regard to atherogenesis patterns in the context of both canonical and non-classical inflammation types. In this review, we analyze various typical phenomena and outcomes of cellular pro-inflammatory stress in atherosclerosis, as well as the role of endothelial dysfunction in local and systemic manifestations of low-grade inflammation. We also present the features of immune mechanisms in the development of productive inflammation in stable and unstable plaques, along with their similarities and differences compared to canonical inflammation. There are numerous factors that act as inducers of the inflammatory process in atherosclerosis, including vascular endothelium aging, metabolic dysfunctions, autoimmune, and in some cases, infectious damage factors. Life-critical complications of atherosclerosis, such as cardiogenic shock and severe strokes, are associated with the development of acute systemic hyperinflammation. Additionally, critical atherosclerotic ischemia of the lower extremities induces paracoagulation and the development of chronic systemic inflammation. Conversely, sepsis, other critical conditions, and severe systemic chronic diseases contribute to atherogenesis. In summary, atherosclerosis can be characterized as an independent form of inflammation, sharing similarities but also having fundamental differences from low-grade inflammation and various variants of canonical inflammation (classic vasculitis).
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Affiliation(s)
- Evgenii Gusev
- Institute of Immunology and Physiology, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Science, 620049 Ekaterinburg, Russia
| | - Alexey Sarapultsev
- Institute of Immunology and Physiology, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Science, 620049 Ekaterinburg, Russia
- Russian-Chinese Education and Research Center of System Pathology, South Ural State University, 454080 Chelyabinsk, Russia
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Kuzan A, Królewicz E, Kustrzeba-Wójcicka I, Lindner-Pawłowicz K, Sobieszczańska M. How Diabetes and Other Comorbidities of Elderly Patients and Their Treatment Influence Levels of Glycation Products. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19127524. [PMID: 35742776 PMCID: PMC9223786 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19127524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Revised: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Medical care for geriatric patients is a great challenge, mainly due to various overlapping deficits relevant to numerous coexisting diseases, of which the most common are diabetes mellitus and atherosclerosis. In the case of diabetes, the glycation process is intensified, which accelerates atherosclerosis development and diabetic complications. Our goal was to investigate the relationship between the classical biochemical parameters of diabetes and atherosclerosis, as well as parameters which may indicate a nephropathy, and the parameters strictly related to glycation, taking into account the pharmacological treatment of patients. Methods: We analyzed the patients’ serum concentrations of fluorescent glycation product—pentosidine, concentrations of soluble receptors for advanced glycation products (sRAGE), lipoprotein receptor-1 (LOX-1), galectin 3 (GAL3), scavenger receptor class A (SR-A), and scavenger receptor class B (SR-BI), as well as the level of lipid peroxidation and free amine content. Among the identified correlations, the most interesting are the following: sRAGE with triglycerides (r = 0.47, p = 0.009), sRAGE with SR-BI (r = 0.47, p = 0.013), SR-BI with LOX-1 (r = 0.31, p = 0.013), and SR-BI with HDL (r = −0.30, p = 0.02). It has been shown that pentosidine and reactive free amine contents are significantly higher in elderly patients with ischemic heart disease. Pentosidine is also significantly higher in patients with arterial hypertension. Malondialdehyde turned out to be higher in patients with diabetes mellitus type 2 that was not treated with insulin or metformin than in those treated with both medications (p = 0.052). GAL3 was found to be lower both in persons without diabetes and in diabetics treated with metformin (p = 0.005). LOX-1 was higher in diabetic patients not treated with metformin or insulin, and lowest in diabetics treated with both insulin and metformin, with the effect of metformin reducing LOX-1 levels (p = 0.039). Our results were the basis for a discussion about the diagnostic value in the clinical practice of LOX-1 and GAL3 in geriatric patients with diabetes and also provide grounds for inferring the therapeutic benefits of insulin and metformin treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Kuzan
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-368 Wroclaw, Poland; (E.K.); (I.K.-W.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-71-7841-379
| | - Emilia Królewicz
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-368 Wroclaw, Poland; (E.K.); (I.K.-W.)
| | - Irena Kustrzeba-Wójcicka
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-368 Wroclaw, Poland; (E.K.); (I.K.-W.)
| | - Karolina Lindner-Pawłowicz
- Clinical Department of Geriatrics, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-369 Wroclaw, Poland; (K.L.-P.); (M.S.)
| | - Małgorzata Sobieszczańska
- Clinical Department of Geriatrics, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-369 Wroclaw, Poland; (K.L.-P.); (M.S.)
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Turati J, Rudi J, Beauquis J, Carniglia L, López Couselo F, Saba J, Caruso C, Saravia F, Lasaga M, Durand D. A metabotropic glutamate receptor 3 (mGlu3R) isoform playing neurodegenerative roles in astrocytes is prematurely up-regulated in an Alzheimer's model. J Neurochem 2022; 161:366-382. [PMID: 35411603 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.15610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Revised: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Subtype 3 metabotropic glutamate receptor (mGlu3R) displays a broad range of neuroprotective effects. We previously demonstrated that mGlu3R activation in astrocytes protects hippocampal neurons from Aβ neurotoxicity through stimulation of both neurotrophin release and Aβ uptake. Alternative-spliced variants of mGlu3R were found in human brains. The most prevalent variant, mGlu3Δ4, lacks exon 4 encoding the transmembrane domain and can inhibit ligand binding to mGlu3R. To date, neither its role in neurodegenerative disorders nor its endogenous expression in CNS cells has been addressed. The present paper describes for the first time an association between altered hippocampal expression of mGlu3Δ4 and Alzheimer's disease (AD) in the preclinical murine model PDAPP-J20, as well as a deleterious effect of mGlu3Δ4 in astrocytes. As assessed by western blot, hippocampal mGlu3R levels progressively decreased with age in PDAPP-J20 mice. On the contrary, mGlu3Δ4 levels were drastically increased with aging in nontransgenic mice, but prematurely over-expressed in 5-month-old PDAPP-J20-derived hippocampi, prior to massive senile plaque deposition. Also, we found that mGlu3Δ4 co-precipitated with mGlu3R mainly in 5-month-old PDAPP-J20 mice. We further showed by western blot that primary cultured astrocytes and neurons expressed mGlu3Δ4, whose levels were reduced by Aβ, thereby discouraging a causal effect of Aβ on mGlu3Δ4 induction. However, heterologous expression of mGlu3Δ4 in astrocytes induced cell death, inhibited mGlu3R expression, and prevented mGlu3R-dependent Aβ glial uptake. Indeed, mGlu3Δ4 promoted neurodegeneration in neuron-glia co-cultures. These results provide evidence of an inhibitory role of mGlu3Δ4 in mGlu3R-mediated glial neuroprotective pathways, which may lie behind AD onset.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Turati
- INBIOMED Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas UBA-CONICET, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Julieta Rudi
- INBIOMED Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas UBA-CONICET, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina.,IATIMET Instituto Alberto C. Taquini de Investigaciones en Medicina Traslacional, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Juan Beauquis
- Laboratorio de Neurobiología del Envejecimiento, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME), CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Lila Carniglia
- INBIOMED Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas UBA-CONICET, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Federico López Couselo
- INBIOMED Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas UBA-CONICET, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Julieta Saba
- INBIOMED Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas UBA-CONICET, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Carla Caruso
- INBIOMED Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas UBA-CONICET, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Flavia Saravia
- Laboratorio de Neurobiología del Envejecimiento, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME), CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Mercedes Lasaga
- INBIOMED Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas UBA-CONICET, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Daniela Durand
- INBIOMED Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas UBA-CONICET, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Patten DA, Wilkinson AL, O'Keeffe A, Shetty S. Scavenger Receptors: Novel Roles in the Pathogenesis of Liver Inflammation and Cancer. Semin Liver Dis 2022; 42:61-76. [PMID: 34553345 PMCID: PMC8893982 DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-1733876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The scavenger receptor superfamily represents a highly diverse collection of evolutionarily-conserved receptors which are known to play key roles in host homeostasis, the most prominent of which is the clearance of unwanted endogenous macromolecules, such as oxidized low-density lipoproteins, from the systemic circulation. Members of this family have also been well characterized in their binding and internalization of a vast range of exogenous antigens and, consequently, are generally considered to be pattern recognition receptors, thus contributing to innate immunity. Several studies have implicated scavenger receptors in the pathophysiology of several inflammatory diseases, such as Alzheimer's and atherosclerosis. Hepatic resident cellular populations express a diverse complement of scavenger receptors in keeping with the liver's homeostatic functions, but there is gathering interest in the contribution of these receptors to hepatic inflammation and its complications. Here, we review the expression of scavenger receptors in the liver, their functionality in liver homeostasis, and their role in inflammatory liver disease and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel A. Patten
- National Institute for Health Research Birmingham Liver Biomedical Research Unit, Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
- Centre for Liver and Gastrointestinal Research, Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Alex L. Wilkinson
- National Institute for Health Research Birmingham Liver Biomedical Research Unit, Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
- Centre for Liver and Gastrointestinal Research, Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Ayla O'Keeffe
- National Institute for Health Research Birmingham Liver Biomedical Research Unit, Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
- Centre for Liver and Gastrointestinal Research, Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Shishir Shetty
- National Institute for Health Research Birmingham Liver Biomedical Research Unit, Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
- Centre for Liver and Gastrointestinal Research, Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
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9
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Vogel A, Brunner JS, Hajto A, Sharif O, Schabbauer G. Lipid scavenging macrophages and inflammation. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2022; 1867:159066. [PMID: 34626791 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2021.159066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Macrophages are professional phagocytes, indispensable for maintenance of tissue homeostasis and integrity. Depending on their resident tissue, macrophages are exposed to highly diverse metabolic environments. Adapted to their niche, they can contribute to local metabolic turnover through metabolite uptake, conversion, storage and release. Disturbances in tissue homeostasis caused by infection, inflammation or damage dramatically alter the local milieu, impacting macrophage activation status and metabolism. In the case of persisting stimuli, defective macrophage responses ensue, which can promote tissue damage and disease. Especially relevant herein are disbalances in lipid rich environments, where macrophages are crucially involved in lipid uptake and turnover, preventing lipotoxicity. Lipid uptake is to a large extent facilitated by macrophage expressed scavenger receptors that are dynamically regulated and important in many metabolic diseases. Here, we review the receptors mediating lipid uptake and summarize recent findings on their role in health and disease. We further highlight the underlying pathways driving macrophage lipid acquisition and their impact on myeloid metabolic remodelling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Vogel
- Institute for Vascular Biology, Centre for Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Christian Doppler Laboratory for Arginine Metabolism in Rheumatoid Arthritis and Multiple Sclerosis, Vienna, Austria
| | - Julia Stefanie Brunner
- Institute for Vascular Biology, Centre for Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Christian Doppler Laboratory for Arginine Metabolism in Rheumatoid Arthritis and Multiple Sclerosis, Vienna, Austria
| | - Alexander Hajto
- Institute for Vascular Biology, Centre for Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Christian Doppler Laboratory for Arginine Metabolism in Rheumatoid Arthritis and Multiple Sclerosis, Vienna, Austria
| | - Omar Sharif
- Institute for Vascular Biology, Centre for Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Christian Doppler Laboratory for Arginine Metabolism in Rheumatoid Arthritis and Multiple Sclerosis, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Gernot Schabbauer
- Institute for Vascular Biology, Centre for Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Christian Doppler Laboratory for Arginine Metabolism in Rheumatoid Arthritis and Multiple Sclerosis, Vienna, Austria.
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10
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Favor OK, Pestka JJ, Bates MA, Lee KSS. Centrality of Myeloid-Lineage Phagocytes in Particle-Triggered Inflammation and Autoimmunity. FRONTIERS IN TOXICOLOGY 2021; 3:777768. [PMID: 35295146 PMCID: PMC8915915 DOI: 10.3389/ftox.2021.777768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Exposure to exogenous particles found as airborne contaminants or endogenous particles that form by crystallization of certain nutrients can activate inflammatory pathways and potentially accelerate autoimmunity onset and progression in genetically predisposed individuals. The first line of innate immunological defense against particles are myeloid-lineage phagocytes, namely macrophages and neutrophils, which recognize/internalize the particles, release inflammatory mediators, undergo programmed/unprogrammed death, and recruit/activate other leukocytes to clear the particles and resolve inflammation. However, immunogenic cell death and release of damage-associated molecules, collectively referred to as "danger signals," coupled with failure to efficiently clear dead/dying cells, can elicit unresolved inflammation, accumulation of self-antigens, and adaptive leukocyte recruitment/activation. Collectively, these events can promote loss of immunological self-tolerance and onset/progression of autoimmunity. This review discusses critical molecular mechanisms by which exogenous particles (i.e., silica, asbestos, carbon nanotubes, titanium dioxide, aluminum-containing salts) and endogenous particles (i.e., monosodium urate, cholesterol crystals, calcium-containing salts) may promote unresolved inflammation and autoimmunity by inducing toxic responses in myeloid-lineage phagocytes with emphases on inflammasome activation and necrotic and programmed cell death pathways. A prototypical example is occupational exposure to respirable crystalline silica, which is etiologically linked to systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and other human autoimmune diseases. Importantly, airway instillation of SLE-prone mice with crystalline silica elicits severe pulmonary pathology involving accumulation of particle-laden alveolar macrophages, dying and dead cells, nuclear and cytoplasmic debris, and neutrophilic inflammation that drive cytokine, chemokine, and interferon-regulated gene expression. Silica-induced immunogenic cell death and danger signal release triggers accumulation of T and B cells, along with IgG-secreting plasma cells, indicative of ectopic lymphoid tissue neogenesis, and broad-spectrum autoantibody production in the lung. These events drive early autoimmunity onset and accelerate end-stage autoimmune glomerulonephritis. Intriguingly, dietary supplementation with ω-3 fatty acids have been demonstrated to be an intervention against silica-triggered murine autoimmunity. Taken together, further insight into how particles drive immunogenic cell death and danger signaling in myeloid-lineage phagocytes and how these responses are influenced by the genome will be essential for identification of novel interventions for preventing and treating inflammatory and autoimmune diseases associated with these agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivia K. Favor
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
- Institute for Integrative Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - James J. Pestka
- Institute for Integrative Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - Melissa A. Bates
- Institute for Integrative Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - Kin Sing Stephen Lee
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
- Institute for Integrative Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
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11
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Cheng C, Zheng E, Yu B, Zhang Z, Wang Y, Liu Y, He Y. Recognition of lipoproteins by scavenger receptor class A members. J Biol Chem 2021; 297:100948. [PMID: 34252459 PMCID: PMC8353498 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.100948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Revised: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Scavenger receptor class A (SR-A) proteins are type II transmembrane glycoproteins that form homotrimers on the cell surface. This family has five known members (SCARA1 to 5, or SR-A1 to A5) that recognize a variety of ligands and are involved in multiple biological pathways. Previous reports have shown that some SR-A family members can bind modified low-density lipoproteins (LDLs); however, the mechanisms of the interactions between the SR-A members and these lipoproteins are not fully understood. Here, we systematically characterize the recognition of SR-A receptors with lipoproteins and report that SCARA1 (SR-A1, CD204), MARCO (SCARA2), and SCARA5 recognize acetylated or oxidized LDL and very-low-density lipoprotein in a Ca2+-dependent manner through their C-terminal scavenger receptor cysteine-rich (SRCR) domains. These interactions occur specifically between the SRCR domains and the modified apolipoprotein B component of the lipoproteins, suggesting that they might share a similar mechanism for lipoprotein recognition. Meanwhile, SCARA4, a SR-A member with a carbohydrate recognition domain instead of the SRCR domain at the C terminus, shows low affinity for modified LDL and very-low-density lipoprotein but binds in a Ca2+-independent manner. SCARA3, which does not have a globular domain at the C terminus, was found to have no detectable binding with these lipoproteins. Taken together, these results provide mechanistic insights into the interactions between SR-A family members and lipoproteins that may help us understand the roles of SR-A receptors in lipid transport and related diseases such as atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Department of Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Enlin Zheng
- Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Bowen Yu
- Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ze Zhang
- Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yuanyuan Wang
- Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yingbin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Department of Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Biliary Tract Disease, Shanghai, China
| | - Yongning He
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Department of Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Biliary Tract Disease, Shanghai, China.
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12
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Indyk D, Bronowicka-Szydełko A, Gamian A, Kuzan A. Advanced glycation end products and their receptors in serum of patients with type 2 diabetes. Sci Rep 2021; 11:13264. [PMID: 34168187 PMCID: PMC8225908 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-92630-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Glycation is a non-enzymatic process involving the reaction of reducing sugars or reactive oxoaldehyde with proteins, lipids or nucleic acids, which results in the formation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs). The presented work discusses the glycation process in people with advanced stage of type 1 or type 2 diabetes. The concentration of different AGEs and their receptors for 58 serum samples was determined by ELISA and by spectrofluorimetric methods. In addition to fluorescent low molecular weight and protein-bound AGEs, we have also marked a new class of AGEs: melibiose-derived glycation product (MAGE). Our attention was also focused on the two groups of AGEs receptors: scavenger receptors (SR-A and SR-B) and RAGE. The correlation between the SR-AI scavenging receptors concentration and the fluorescence of AGEs as well as diabetes biological markers: GFR, creatinine contentration and HbA1c was demonstrated. A relationship between the concentration of AGEs and their receptors was also found in serum sample of patients treated with the metformin and aspirin. Furthermore, the concentration of SR-AI scavenger and the fluorescence of total AGEs was significantly lower in treated patients than in non treated patients. AGEs have also been found to contribute to the development of cardiovascular disease, atherosclerosis and diabetic complications, what could be deduced from the correlation of AGEs level and HDL cholesterol or uric acid level. Thus, it was confirmed that AGEs are involved in the pathomechanism of diabetes and other degenerative diseases. Nowadays, it is believed that AGEs due to the long time remaining in the body may be an important diagnostic marker. Their determination may allow monitoring the progression of the disease and the effectiveness of the therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Indyk
- grid.4495.c0000 0001 1090 049XDepartment of Medical Biochemistry, Wroclaw Medical University, T. Chałubińskiego 10, 50-368 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Bronowicka-Szydełko
- grid.4495.c0000 0001 1090 049XDepartment of Medical Biochemistry, Wroclaw Medical University, T. Chałubińskiego 10, 50-368 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Andrzej Gamian
- grid.413454.30000 0001 1958 0162Department of Immunology of Infectious Diseases, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Weigla 12, 53-114 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Kuzan
- grid.4495.c0000 0001 1090 049XDepartment of Medical Biochemistry, Wroclaw Medical University, T. Chałubińskiego 10, 50-368 Wrocław, Poland
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13
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Manogaran M, Vuanghao L, Mohamed R. Gynura procumbens ethanol extract and its fractions inhibit macrophage derived foam cell formation. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2020; 249:112410. [PMID: 31747560 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2019.112410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2019] [Revised: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 11/15/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY RELEVANCE Gynura procumbens (Lour.) Merr. displayed cardio-protective effect that may prevent atherogenesis. The primary underlying pathological process of cardiovascular disease is atherosclerosis. Atherosclerotic lesion composed of macrophages, T cells and other immune cells which incorporated with cholesterol that infiltrates from the blood. AIM OF THE STUDY The present study was performed to determine underlying mechanism of G. procumbens ethanol extract and its fractions such as aqueous, chloroform, ethyl acetate and hexane affect macrophage derived foam cell formation. MATERIALS AND METHODS Lipid droplets accumulation in treated macrophages were visualized by Oil Red O staining while the total cholesterol present in the treated macrophages were measured using Cholestryl Ester quantification assay kit. Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) were used to detect TNF-α and IL-1β secretion in the supernatant of treated macrophages. Gene expression of Lectin-like oxidized low-density lipoprotein receptor-1 (LOX-1) and ATP-binding cassette transporter A-1 (ABCA-1) in treated macrophages were analyzed using Real-Time Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-qPCR). RESULTS G. procumbens ethanol extract and its fractions reduced lipid droplet accumulation and total cholesterol in oxLDL-treated macrophages together with significantly reduction of TNF-α and IL-1β secretions in supernatant oxLDL-treated macrophages. LOX-1 gene expression was significantly reduced when G. procumbens ethanol extract and its fractions were added in oxDL-treated macrophages. In contrast, G. procumbens ethanol extract and its fractions significantly increased the expression of ABCA-1 gene in oxLDL-treated macrophages. CONCLUSION In conclusion, G. procumbens ethanol extract and its fractions inhibit the formation of macrophage derived foam cell by reducing TNF-α and IL-1β expression, which usually highly expressed in atherosclerotic plaques, suppressing scavenger receptor LOX-1 gene that binds oxLDL but induced ABCA-1 gene that mediate lipid efflux from macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lim Vuanghao
- Integrative Medicine Cluster, Advanced Medical and Dental Institute, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Bertam, 13200, Kepala Batas, Penang, Malaysia
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14
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Yue H, Febbraio M, Klenotic PA, Kennedy DJ, Wu Y, Chen S, Gohara AF, Li O, Belcher A, Kuang B, McIntyre TM, Silverstein RL, Li W. CD36 Enhances Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Proliferation and Development of Neointimal Hyperplasia. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2019; 39:263-275. [PMID: 30567481 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.118.312186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Objective- Dysregulated proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) plays an essential role in neointimal hyperplasia. CD36 functions critically in atherogenesis and thrombosis. We hypothesize that CD36 regulates VSMC proliferation and contributes to the development of obstructive vascular diseases. Approach and Results- We found by immunofluorescent staining that CD36 was highly expressed in human vessels with obstructive diseases. Using guidewire-induced carotid artery injury and shear stress-induced intima thickening models, we compared neointimal hyperplasia in Apoe-/-, Cd36-/- /Apoe-/-, and CD36 specifically deleted in VSMC (VSMC cd36-/-) mice. CD36 deficiency, either global or VSMC-specific, dramatically reduced injury-induced neointimal thickening. Correspondingly, carotid artery blood flow was significantly increased in Cd36-/- /Apoe-/- compared with Apoe-/- mice. In cultured VSMCs from thoracic aorta of wild-type and Cd36-/- mice, we found that loss of CD36 significantly decreased serum-stimulated proliferation and increased cell populations in S phase, suggesting that CD36 is necessary for VSMC S/G2-M-phase transition. Treatment of VSMCs with a TSR (thrombospondin type 1 repeat) peptide significantly increased wild-type, but not Cd36-/- VSMC proliferation. TSR or serum treatment significantly increased cyclin A expression in wild-type, but not in Cd36-/- VSMCs. STAT3 (signal transducer and activator of transcription), which reportedly enhances both VSMC differentiation and maturation, was higher in Cd36-/- VSMCs. CD36 deficiency significantly decreased expression of Col1A1 (type 1 collagen A1 chain) and TGF-β1 (transforming growth factor beta 1), and increased expression of contractile proteins, including calponin 1 and smooth muscle α actin, and dramatically increased cell contraction. Conclusions- CD36 promotes VSMC proliferation via upregulation of cyclin A expression that contributes to the development of neointimal hyperplasia, collagen deposition, and obstructive vascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Yue
- From the Department of Biomedical Sciences, Marshall University Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Huntington, WV (H.Y., A.B., W.L.)
| | - Maria Febbraio
- Department of Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada (M.F.)
| | - Philip A Klenotic
- Case Cardiovascular Research Institute, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Harrington Heart and Vascular Institute, University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Cleveland, OH (P.A.K.)
| | | | - Yueheng Wu
- Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of South China Structural Heart Disease, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, China (Y.W., S.C.)
| | - Shaoxian Chen
- Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of South China Structural Heart Disease, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, China (Y.W., S.C.)
| | - Amira F Gohara
- Department of Pathology (A.F.G.), University of Toledo, OH
| | - Oliver Li
- Marshall University Marshall Institute for Interdisciplinary Research, Huntington, WV (O.L., W.L.)
| | - Adam Belcher
- From the Department of Biomedical Sciences, Marshall University Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Huntington, WV (H.Y., A.B., W.L.)
| | - Bin Kuang
- Department of Plastic and Peripheral Vascular Surgery, Guangdong General Hospital, China (B.K.)
| | - Thomas M McIntyre
- Departments of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, OH (T.M.M.).,Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, OH (T.M.M.)
| | - Roy L Silverstein
- Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee (R.L.S.)
| | - Wei Li
- From the Department of Biomedical Sciences, Marshall University Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Huntington, WV (H.Y., A.B., W.L.)
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15
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16
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Guo M, Härtlova A, Gierliński M, Prescott A, Castellvi J, Losa JH, Petersen SK, Wenzel UA, Dill BD, Emmerich CH, Ramon Y Cajal S, Russell DG, Trost M. Triggering MSR1 promotes JNK-mediated inflammation in IL-4-activated macrophages. EMBO J 2019; 38:embj.2018100299. [PMID: 31028084 PMCID: PMC6545745 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2018100299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2018] [Revised: 03/22/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Alternatively activated M2 macrophages play an important role in maintenance of tissue homeostasis by scavenging dead cells, cell debris and lipoprotein aggregates via phagocytosis. Using proteomics, we investigated how alternative activation, driven by IL‐4, modulated the phagosomal proteome to control macrophage function. Our data indicate that alternative activation enhances homeostatic functions such as proteolysis, lipolysis and nutrient transport. Intriguingly, we identified the enhanced recruitment of the TAK1/MKK7/JNK signalling complex to phagosomes of IL‐4‐activated macrophages. The recruitment of this signalling complex was mediated through K63 polyubiquitylation of the macrophage scavenger receptor 1 (MSR1). Triggering of MSR1 in IL‐4‐activated macrophages leads to enhanced JNK activation, thereby promoting a phenotypic switch from an anti‐inflammatory to a pro‐inflammatory state, which was abolished upon MSR1 deletion or JNK inhibition. Moreover, MSR1 K63 polyubiquitylation correlated with the activation of JNK signalling in ovarian cancer tissue from human patients, suggesting that it may be relevant for macrophage phenotypic shift in vivo. Altogether, we identified that MSR1 signals through JNK via K63 polyubiquitylation and provides evidence for the receptor's involvement in macrophage polarization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manman Guo
- MRC Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Anetta Härtlova
- MRC Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK .,Institute for Cell and Molecular Biosciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.,Wallenberg Centre for Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute for Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Marek Gierliński
- Data Analysis Group, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Alan Prescott
- Division of Cell Signalling and Immunology, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Josep Castellvi
- Department of Pathology, Hospital Universitario Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Javier Hernandez Losa
- Department of Pathology, Hospital Universitario Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain.,Spanish Biomedical Research Network Centre in Oncology (CIBERONC), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sine K Petersen
- Wallenberg Centre for Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute for Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ulf A Wenzel
- Wallenberg Centre for Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute for Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Brian D Dill
- MRC Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Christoph H Emmerich
- MRC Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Santiago Ramon Y Cajal
- Department of Pathology, Hospital Universitario Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain.,Spanish Biomedical Research Network Centre in Oncology (CIBERONC), Barcelona, Spain
| | - David G Russell
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Matthias Trost
- MRC Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK .,Institute for Cell and Molecular Biosciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
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17
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Dawodu D, Patecki M, Hegermann J, Dumler I, Haller H, Kiyan Y. oxLDL inhibits differentiation and functional activity of osteoclasts via scavenger receptor-A mediated autophagy and cathepsin K secretion. Sci Rep 2018; 8:11604. [PMID: 30072716 PMCID: PMC6072764 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-29963-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2018] [Accepted: 07/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Resorptive activity of osteoclasts is important for maintaining bone homeostasis. Endogenous compounds such as oxidized low density lipoprotein (oxLDL) have been shown to disturb this activity. While some studies have investigated the effects of oxLDL on the process of osteoclastogenesis, the underlying mechanism are not fully understood. We show here that oxLDL concentrations of ~10-25 µg protein (0.43-1.0 µM MDA/mg protein) completely blocked the formation of functional osteoclasts. The underlying mechanism implies an inhibition of autophagy that in turn leads to a decreased fusion of cathepsin K (CatK)-loaded lysosomal vesicles with the ruffled border membrane. As result, a lower secretion of CatK and impaired protonation of the resorption lacunae by vacuolar-ATPase (v-ATPase) is observed in the presence of oxLDL. We demonstrate that scavenger receptor A (SR-A) mediates oxLDL effects on osteoclastogenesis and repressing this receptor partially rescued oxLDL effects. Collectively, our data provides an insight into the possible mechanism of oxLDL on osteoclastogenesis suggesting that it does not perturb the packaging of CatK and v-ATPase (V-a3) in the secretory lysosome, but inhibits the fusion of these lysosomes to the ruffled border. The relevance of our findings suggests a distinct link between oxLDL, autophagy and osteoclastogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damilola Dawodu
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertensiology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Margret Patecki
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertensiology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Jan Hegermann
- Research Core Unit Electron Microscopy, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Inna Dumler
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertensiology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Hermann Haller
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertensiology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Yulia Kiyan
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertensiology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.
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18
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Chignen Possi K, Mulumba M, Omri S, Garcia-Ramos Y, Tahiri H, Chemtob S, Ong H, Lubell WD. Influences of Histidine-1 and Azaphenylalanine-4 on the Affinity, Anti-inflammatory, and Antiangiogenic Activities of Azapeptide Cluster of Differentiation 36 Receptor Modulators. J Med Chem 2017; 60:9263-9274. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.7b01209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kelvine Chignen Possi
- Département
de Chimie, ‡Département de Pédiatrie, and §Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Montréal, C.P. 6128, Succursale, Centre-Ville, Montréal, Québec H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Mukandila Mulumba
- Département
de Chimie, ‡Département de Pédiatrie, and §Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Montréal, C.P. 6128, Succursale, Centre-Ville, Montréal, Québec H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Samy Omri
- Département
de Chimie, ‡Département de Pédiatrie, and §Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Montréal, C.P. 6128, Succursale, Centre-Ville, Montréal, Québec H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Yesica Garcia-Ramos
- Département
de Chimie, ‡Département de Pédiatrie, and §Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Montréal, C.P. 6128, Succursale, Centre-Ville, Montréal, Québec H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Houda Tahiri
- Département
de Chimie, ‡Département de Pédiatrie, and §Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Montréal, C.P. 6128, Succursale, Centre-Ville, Montréal, Québec H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Sylvain Chemtob
- Département
de Chimie, ‡Département de Pédiatrie, and §Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Montréal, C.P. 6128, Succursale, Centre-Ville, Montréal, Québec H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Huy Ong
- Département
de Chimie, ‡Département de Pédiatrie, and §Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Montréal, C.P. 6128, Succursale, Centre-Ville, Montréal, Québec H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - William D. Lubell
- Département
de Chimie, ‡Département de Pédiatrie, and §Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Montréal, C.P. 6128, Succursale, Centre-Ville, Montréal, Québec H3C 3J7, Canada
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19
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Understanding molecular interactions between scavenger receptor A and its natural product inhibitors through molecular modeling studies. J Mol Graph Model 2017; 77:189-199. [PMID: 28869863 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmgm.2017.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2017] [Revised: 08/10/2017] [Accepted: 08/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Scavenger receptor A (SRA), as an immune regulator, has been shown to play important roles in lipid metabolism, cardiovascular diseases, and pathogen recognition. Several natural product inhibitors of SRA have been studied for their potential application in modulating SRA functions. To understand the binding mode of these inhibitors on SRA, we conducted systematic molecular modeling studies in order to identify putative binding domain(s) that may be responsible for their recognition to the receptor as well as their inhibitory activity. Treatment of SRA with one of the natural product inhibitors, rhein, led to significant dissociation of SRA oligomers to its trimer and dimer forms, which further supported our hypothesis on their putative mechanism of action. Such information is believed to shed light on design of more potent inhibitors for the receptor in order to develop potential therapeutics through immune system modulation.
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20
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Orekhov AN, Ivanova EA, Melnichenko AA, Sobenin IA. Circulating desialylated low density lipoprotein. COR ET VASA 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.crvasa.2016.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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21
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Sapkota M, DeVasure JM, Kharbanda KK, Wyatt TA. Malondialdehyde-acetaldehyde (MAA) adducted surfactant protein induced lung inflammation is mediated through scavenger receptor a (SR-A1). Respir Res 2017; 18:36. [PMID: 28193223 PMCID: PMC5307820 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-017-0517-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2016] [Accepted: 02/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Co-exposure to cigarette smoke and alcohol leads to the generation of high concentrations of acetaldehyde and malondialdehyde in the lung. These aldehydes being highly electrophilic in nature react with biologically relevant proteins such as surfactant protein D (SPD) through a Schiff base reaction to generate SPD adducted malondialdehyde-acetaldehyde adduct (SPD-MAA) in mouse lung. SPD-MAA results in an increase in lung pro-inflammatory chemokine, keratinocyte chemoattractant (KC), and the recruitment of lung lavage neutrophils. Previous in vitro studies in bronchial epithelial cells and macrophages show that scavenger receptor A (SR-A1/CD204) is a major receptor for SPD-MAA. No studies have yet examined the in vivo role of SR-A1 in MAA-mediated lung inflammation. Therefore, we hypothesize that in the absence of SR-A1, MAA-induced inflammation in the lung is reduced or diminished. Methods To test this hypothesis, C57BL/6 WT and SR-A1 KO mice were nasally instilled with 50 μg/mL of SPD-MAA for 3 weeks (wks). After 3 weeks, bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid was collected and assayed for a total cell count, a differential cell count and CXCL1 (KC) chemokine. Lung tissue sections were stained with hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) and antibodies to MAA adduct. Results Results showed that BAL cellularity and influx of neutrophils were decreased in SR-A1 KO mice as compared to WT following repetitive SPD-MAA exposure. MAA adduct staining in the lung epithelium was decreased in SR-A1 KO mice. In comparison to WT, no increase in CXCL1 was observed in BAL fluid from SR-A1 KO mice over time. Conclusions Overall, the data demonstrate that SR-A1/CD204 plays an important role in SPD-MAA induced inflammation in lung.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muna Sapkota
- Department of Environmental, Agricultural and Occupational Health, College of Public Health, Nebraska Medical Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 985910, Omaha, NE, 68198-5910, USA
| | - Jane M DeVasure
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Allergy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Kusum K Kharbanda
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA.,VA Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Todd A Wyatt
- Department of Environmental, Agricultural and Occupational Health, College of Public Health, Nebraska Medical Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 985910, Omaha, NE, 68198-5910, USA. .,Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Allergy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA. .,VA Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, NE, USA.
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22
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Sukhorukov VN, Karagodin VP, Orekhov AN. [Atherogenic modification of low-density lipoproteins]. BIOMEDIT︠S︡INSKAI︠A︡ KHIMII︠A︡ 2017; 62:391-402. [PMID: 27562992 DOI: 10.18097/pbmc20166204391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
One of the first manifestations of atherosclerosis is accumulation of extra- and intracellular cholesterol esters in the arterial intima. Formation of foam cells is considered as a trigger in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. Low density lipoprotein (LDL) circulating in human blood is the source of lipids accumulated in the arterial walls. This review considered features and role in atherogenesis different modified forms of LDL: oxidized, small dense, electronegative and especially desialylated LDL. Desialylated LDL of human blood plasma is capable to induce lipid accumulation in cultured cells and it is atherogenic. LDL possesses numerous alterations of protein, carbohydrate and lipid moieties and therefore can be termed multiple-modified LDL. Multiple modification of LDL occurs in human blood plasma and represents a cascade of successive changes in the lipoprotein particle: desialylation, loss of lipids, reduction in the particle size, increase of surface electronegative charge, etc. In addition to intracellular lipid accumulation, stimulatory effects of naturally occurring multiple-modified LDL on other processes involved in the development of atherosclerotic lesions, namely cell proliferation and fibrosis, were shown.
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Affiliation(s)
- V N Sukhorukov
- Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, Moscow, Russia
| | - V P Karagodin
- Plekhanov Russian University of Economics, Moscow, Russia
| | - A N Orekhov
- Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, Moscow, Russia; Institute for Atherosclerosis Research, Skolkovo Innovative Center, PO Box #21, Moscow, Russia
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23
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The class I scavenger receptor CD163 promotes internalization of ADAMTS13 by macrophages. Blood Adv 2017; 1:293-305. [PMID: 29296945 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2016001321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2016] [Accepted: 12/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Internalization of ADAMTS13 by macrophages may contribute to its clearance from the circulation. Here we investigated endocytic mechanisms that contribute to the uptake of ADAMTS13 by macrophages. Human monocyte-derived macrophages were used to monitor the uptake of fluorescently labeled recombinant ADAMTS13 by flow cytometry. Internalization of ADAMTS13 was blocked upon addition of the cell-permeable dynamin inhibitor dynasore. Partial blocking of ADAMTS13 uptake was observed by using mannan; however, uptake was not affected by an antibody that blocked binding to the macrophage mannose receptor CD206, which suggests that other endocytic receptors contribute to the internalization of ADAMTS13 by macrophages. A pull-down with ADAMTS13 and subsequent mass spectrometric analysis identified the class I scavenger receptor CD163 as a candidate receptor for ADAMTS13. Blocking experiments with monoclonal anti-CD163 antibody EDHu-1 resulted in decreased ADAMTS13 internalization by macrophages. Pronounced inhibition of ADAMTS13 uptake by EDHu-1 was observed in CD163 high-expressing macrophages. In agreement with these findings, CD163-expressing Chinese hamster ovary cells were capable of rapidly internalizing ADAMTS13. Surface plasmon resonance revealed binding of ADAMTS13 to scavenger receptor cysteine-rich domains 1-9 and 1-5 of CD163. Taken together, our data identify CD163 as a major endocytic receptor for ADAMTS13 on macrophages.
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Bai Y, Sun Q. Fine particulate matter air pollution and atherosclerosis: Mechanistic insights. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2016; 1860:2863-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2016.04.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2016] [Revised: 04/11/2016] [Accepted: 04/29/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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25
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Ward WO, Ledbetter AD, Schladweiler MC, Kodavanti UP. Lung transcriptional profiling: insights into the mechanisms of ozone-induced pulmonary injury in Wistar Kyoto rats. Inhal Toxicol 2016; 27 Suppl 1:80-92. [PMID: 26667333 DOI: 10.3109/08958378.2014.954172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Acute ozone-induced pulmonary injury and inflammation are well characterized in rats; however, mechanistic understanding of the pathways involved is limited. We hypothesized that acute exposure of healthy rats to ozone will cause transcriptional alterations, and comprehensive analysis of these changes will allow us to better understand the mechanism of pulmonary injury and inflammation. Male Wistar Kyoto rats (10-12 week) were exposed to air, or ozone (0.25, 0.5 or 1.0 ppm) for 4 h and pulmonary injury and inflammation were assessed at 0-h or 20-h (n = 8/group). Lung gene expression profiling was assessed at 0-h (air and 1.0 ppm ozone, n = 3-4/group). At 20-h bronchoalveolar lavage, fluid protein and neutrophils increased at 1 ppm ozone. Numerous genes involved in acute inflammatory response were up-regulated along with changes in genes involved in cell adhesion and migration, steroid metabolism, apoptosis, cell cycle control and cell growth. A number of NRF2 target genes were also induced after ozone exposure. Based on expression changes, Rela, SP1 and TP3-mediated signaling were identified to be mediating downstream changes. Remarkable changes in the processes of endocytosis provide the insight that ozone-induced lung injury and inflammation are likely initiated by changes in cell membrane components and receptors likely from oxidatively modified lung lining lipids and proteins. In conclusion, ozone-induced injury and inflammation are preceded by changes in gene targets for cell adhesion/migration, apoptosis, cell cycle control and growth regulated by Rela, SP1 and TP53, likely mediated by the process of endocytosis and altered steroid receptor signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Allen D Ledbetter
- b Environmental Public Health Division , National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency , Research Triangle Park , NC , USA
| | - Mette C Schladweiler
- b Environmental Public Health Division , National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency , Research Triangle Park , NC , USA
| | - Urmila P Kodavanti
- b Environmental Public Health Division , National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency , Research Triangle Park , NC , USA
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26
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Palekar RU, Jallouk AP, Lanza GM, Pan H, Wickline SA. Molecular imaging of atherosclerosis with nanoparticle-based fluorinated MRI contrast agents. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2016; 10:1817-32. [PMID: 26080701 DOI: 10.2217/nnm.15.26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
As atherosclerosis remains one of the most prevalent causes of patient mortality, the ability to diagnose early signs of plaque rupture and thrombosis represents a significant clinical need. With recent advances in nanotechnology, it is now possible to image specific molecular processes noninvasively with MRI, using various types of nanoparticles as contrast agents. In the context of cardiovascular disease, it is possible to specifically deliver contrast agents to an epitope of interest for detecting vascular inflammatory processes, which serve as predecessors to atherosclerotic plaque development. Herein, we review various applications of nanotechnology in detecting atherosclerosis using MRI, with an emphasis on perfluorocarbon nanoparticles and fluorine imaging, along with theranostic prospects of nanotechnology in cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohun U Palekar
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University, Whitaker Hall, Campus Box 1097, One Brookings Drive, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | - Andrew P Jallouk
- Department of Medicine, Washington University, Campus Box 8215, 4320 Forest Park Avenue, St Louis, MO 63108, USA
| | - Gregory M Lanza
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University, Whitaker Hall, Campus Box 1097, One Brookings Drive, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA.,Department of Medicine, Washington University, Campus Box 8215, 4320 Forest Park Avenue, St Louis, MO 63108, USA
| | - Hua Pan
- Department of Medicine, Washington University, Campus Box 8215, 4320 Forest Park Avenue, St Louis, MO 63108, USA
| | - Samuel A Wickline
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University, Whitaker Hall, Campus Box 1097, One Brookings Drive, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA.,Department of Medicine, Washington University, Campus Box 8215, 4320 Forest Park Avenue, St Louis, MO 63108, USA
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27
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Dubland JA, Francis GA. So Much Cholesterol: the unrecognized importance of smooth muscle cells in atherosclerotic foam cell formation. Curr Opin Lipidol 2016; 27:155-61. [PMID: 26836481 DOI: 10.1097/mol.0000000000000279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Smooth muscle cells (SMCs) form the thickened intimal layer in atherosclerosis-prone arteries in early life, and provide the initial site for retention and uptake of atherogenic lipoproteins. Here we review current knowledge regarding the importance of SMCs in the deposition of cholesterol in atherosclerotic plaque. RECENT FINDINGS SMCs were found to comprise at least 50% of total foam cells in human coronary artery atherosclerosis, and exhibit a selective loss of expression of the cholesterol efflux promoter ATP-binding cassette transporter A1. Cholesterol loading induced a loss of SMC gene expression and an increase in macrophage and proinflammatory marker expression by cultured mouse and human arterial SMCs, with reversal of these effects upon removal of the excess cholesterol. Mice engineered to track all cells of SMC lineage indicated that, at most, SMCs make up about one-third of total cells in atherosclerotic plaque in these animals. SUMMARY SMCs appear to be the origin of the majority of foam cells in human atherosclerotic plaque. Recent studies suggest a renaissance of research on the role of SMCs in atherosclerosis is needed to make the next leap forward in the prevention and treatment of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua A Dubland
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, Providence Healthcare Research Institute, St. Paul's Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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Rahman SM, Baquero KC, Choudhury M, Janssen RC, de la Houssaye BA, Sun M, Miyazaki-Anzai S, Wang S, Moustaid-Moussa N, Miyazaki M, Friedman JE. C/EBPβ in bone marrow is essential for diet induced inflammation, cholesterol balance, and atherosclerosis. Atherosclerosis 2016; 250:172-9. [PMID: 27072340 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2016.03.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2015] [Revised: 03/11/2016] [Accepted: 03/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Atherosclerosis is both a chronic inflammatory disease and a lipid metabolism disorder. C/EBPβ is well documented for its role in the development of hematopoietic cells and integration of lipid metabolism. However, C/EBPβ's role in atherosclerotic progression has not been examined. We assessed the impact of hematopoietic CEBPβ deletion in ApoE(-/-) mice on hyperlipidemia, inflammatory responses and lesion formation in the aorta. METHODS AND RESULTS ApoE(-/-) mice were reconstituted with bone marrow cells derived from either WT or C/EBPβ(-/-) mice and placed on low fat or high fat/high cholesterol diet for 11 weeks. Hematopoietic C/EBPβ deletion in ApoE(-/-) mice reduced blood and hepatic lipids and gene expression of hepatic stearoyl CoA desaturase 1 and fatty acid synthase while expression of ATP binding cassette transporter G1, cholesterol 7-alpha-hydroxylase, and liver X receptor alpha genes were significantly increased. ApoE(-/-) mice reconstituted with C/EBPβ(-/-) bone marrow cells also significantly reduced blood cytokine levels and reduced lesion area in aortic sinuses compared with ApoE(-/-) mice reconstituted with WT bone marrow cells. Silencing of C/EBPβ in RAW264.7 macrophage cells prevented oxLDL-mediated foam cell formation and inflammatory cytokine secretion in conditioned medium. CONCLUSION C/EBPβ in hematopoietic cells is crucial to regulate diet-induced inflammation, hyperlipidemia and atherosclerosis development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaikh M Rahman
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA.
| | - Karalee C Baquero
- Departments of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Mahua Choudhury
- Pharmaceutical Sciences, Irma Lerma Rangel College of Pharmacy, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Kingsville, TX, USA
| | - Rachel C Janssen
- Departments of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO, USA
| | | | - Ming Sun
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | | | - Shu Wang
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | | | - Makoto Miyazaki
- Renal and Hypertension, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Jacob E Friedman
- Departments of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO, USA; Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO, USA
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29
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Higa LH, Arnal L, Vermeulen M, Perez AP, Schilrreff P, Mundiña-Weilenmann C, Yantorno O, Vela ME, Morilla MJ, Romero EL. Ultradeformable Archaeosomes for Needle Free Nanovaccination with Leishmania braziliensis Antigens. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0150185. [PMID: 26934726 PMCID: PMC4774928 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0150185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2015] [Accepted: 02/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Total antigens from Leishmania braziliensis promastigotes, solubilized with sodium cholate (dsLp), were formulated within ultradeformable nanovesicles (dsLp-ultradeformable archaeosomes, (dsLp-UDA), and dsLp-ultradeformable liposomes (dsLp-UDL)) and topically administered to Balb/c mice. Ultradeformable nanovesicles can penetrate the intact stratum corneum up to the viable epidermis, with no aid of classical permeation enhancers that can damage the barrier function of the skin. Briefly, 100 nm unilamellar dsLp-UDA (soybean phosphatidylcholine: Halorubrum tebenquichense total polar lipids (TPL): sodium cholate, 3:3:1 w:w) of -31.45 mV Z potential, containing 4.84 ± 0.53% w/w protein/lipid dsLp, 235 KPa Young modulus were prepared. In vitro, dsLp-UDA was extensively taken up by J774A1 and bone marrow derive cells, and the only that induced an immediate secretion of IL-6, IL-12p40 and TNF-α, followed by IL-1β, by J774A1 cells. Such extensive uptake is a key feature of UDA ascribed to the highly negatively charged archaeolipids of the TPL, which are recognized by a receptor specialized in uptake and not involved in downstream signaling. Despite dsLp alone was also immunostimulatory on J774A1 cells, applied twice a week on consecutive days along 7 weeks on Balb/c mice, it raised no measurable response unless associated to UDL or UDA. The highest systemic response, IgGa2 mediated, 1 log lower than im dsLp Al2O3, was elicited by dsLp-UDA. Such findings suggest that in vivo, UDL and UDA acted as penetration enhancers for dsLp, but only dsLp-UDA, owed to its pronounced uptake by APC, succeeded as topical adjuvants. The actual TPL composition, fully made of sn2,3 ether linked saturated archaeolipids, gives the UDA bilayer resistance against chemical, physical and enzymatic attacks that destroy ordinary phospholipids bilayers. Together, these properties make UDA a promising platform for topical drug targeted delivery and vaccination, that may be of help for countries with a deficient healthcare system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leticia H. Higa
- Nanomedicine Research Program, Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnologia, Universidad Nacional de Quilmes. Roque Saenz Peña 352, Bernal, Argentina B1876BXD
| | - Laura Arnal
- Instituto de Investigaciones Fisicoquímicas Teóricas y Aplicadas (INIFTA), Universidad Nacional de La Plata-CONICET, Sucursal 4 Casilla de Correo 16, 1900 La Plata, Argentina
| | - Mónica Vermeulen
- Instituto de Estudios de la Inmunidad Humoral (IDEHU), CONICET-UBA, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires. Junin 956, 4° piso, 1113, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ana Paula Perez
- Nanomedicine Research Program, Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnologia, Universidad Nacional de Quilmes. Roque Saenz Peña 352, Bernal, Argentina B1876BXD
| | - Priscila Schilrreff
- Nanomedicine Research Program, Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnologia, Universidad Nacional de Quilmes. Roque Saenz Peña 352, Bernal, Argentina B1876BXD
| | | | - Osvaldo Yantorno
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo de Fermentaciones Industriales (CINDEFI), UNLP. 50 No. 227, 1900 La Plata, Argentina
| | - María Elena Vela
- Instituto de Investigaciones Fisicoquímicas Teóricas y Aplicadas (INIFTA), Universidad Nacional de La Plata-CONICET, Sucursal 4 Casilla de Correo 16, 1900 La Plata, Argentina
| | - María José Morilla
- Nanomedicine Research Program, Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnologia, Universidad Nacional de Quilmes. Roque Saenz Peña 352, Bernal, Argentina B1876BXD
| | - Eder Lilia Romero
- Nanomedicine Research Program, Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnologia, Universidad Nacional de Quilmes. Roque Saenz Peña 352, Bernal, Argentina B1876BXD
- * E-mail:
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Vocelle D, Chesniak OM, Malefyt AP, Comiskey G, Adu-Berchie K, Smith MR, Chan C, Walton SP. Dextran functionalization enhances nanoparticle-mediated siRNA delivery and silencing. TECHNOLOGY 2016; 4:42. [PMID: 27774502 PMCID: PMC5072529 DOI: 10.1142/s2339547816400100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the endocytosis and intracellular trafficking of short interfering RNA (siRNA) delivery vehicle complexes remains a critical bottleneck in designing siRNA delivery vehicles for highly active RNA interference (RNAi)-based therapeutics. In this study, we show that dextran functionalization of silica nanoparticles enhanced uptake and intracellular delivery of siRNAs in cultured cells. Using pharmacological inhibitors for endocytotic pathways, we determined that our complexes are endocytosed via a previously unreported mechanism for siRNA delivery in which dextran initiates scavenger receptor-mediated endocytosis through a clathrin/caveolin-independent process. Our findings suggest that siRNA delivery efficiency could be enhanced by incorporating dextran into existing delivery platforms to activate scavenger receptor activity across a variety of target cell types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Vocelle
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824-1226, USA
| | - Olivia M Chesniak
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824-1226, USA
| | - Amanda P Malefyt
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824-1226, USA
| | - Georgina Comiskey
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824-1226, USA
| | - Kwasi Adu-Berchie
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824-1226, USA
| | - Milton R Smith
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824-1226, USA
| | - Christina Chan
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824-1226, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824-1226, USA
| | - S Patrick Walton
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824-1226, USA
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31
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Srimanee A, Regberg J, Hällbrink M, Vajragupta O, Langel Ü. Role of scavenger receptors in peptide-based delivery of plasmid DNA across a blood-brain barrier model. Int J Pharm 2016; 500:128-35. [PMID: 26773601 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2016.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2015] [Revised: 12/31/2015] [Accepted: 01/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Receptor-mediated transcytosis remains a major route for drug delivery across the blood-brain barrier (BBB). PepFect 32 (PF32), a peptide-based vector modified with targeting ligand (Angiopep-2) binding to low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein-1 (LRP-1), was previously found to be a promising vector for plasmid delivery across an in vitro model of the BBB. Cellular uptake of PF32/plasmid DNA (pDNA) complexes was speculated the internalization via LRP-1 receptor. In this study, we prove that PF32/pDNA nanocomplexes are not only transported into brain endothelial cells via LRP-1 receptor-mediated endocytosis, but also via scavenger receptor class A and B (SCARA3, SCARA5, and SR-BI)-mediated endocytosis. SCARA3, SCARA5, and SR-BI are found to be expressed in the brain endothelial cells. Inhibition of these receptors leads to a reduction of the transfection. In conclusion, this study shows that scavenger receptors also play an essential role in the cellular uptake of the PF32/pDNA nanocomplexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Artita Srimanee
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahidol University, 447 Sri-Ayudhya Rd., 10400 Bangkok, Thailand; Department of Neurochemistry, The Arrhenius Laboratories for Natural Sciences, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Jakob Regberg
- Department of Neurochemistry, The Arrhenius Laboratories for Natural Sciences, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mattias Hällbrink
- Department of Neurochemistry, The Arrhenius Laboratories for Natural Sciences, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Opa Vajragupta
- Excellent Center for Innovation in Drug Design and Discovery, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahidol University, 447 Sri-Ayudhya Rd., 10400 Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Ülo Langel
- Department of Neurochemistry, The Arrhenius Laboratories for Natural Sciences, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden; Institute of Technology, University of Tartu, Nooruse 1, 50411 Tartu, Estonia
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Freitas Lima LC, Braga VDA, do Socorro de França Silva M, Cruz JDC, Sousa Santos SH, de Oliveira Monteiro MM, Balarini CDM. Adipokines, diabetes and atherosclerosis: an inflammatory association. Front Physiol 2015; 6:304. [PMID: 26578976 PMCID: PMC4630286 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2015.00304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2015] [Accepted: 10/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases can be considered the most important cause of death in diabetic population and diabetes can in turn increase the risk of cardiovascular events. Inflammation process is currently recognized as responsible for the development and maintenance of diverse chronic diseases, including diabetes and atherosclerosis. Considering that adipose tissue is an important source of adipokines, which may present anti and proinflammatory effects, the aim of this review is to explore the role of the main adipokines in the pathophysiology of diabetes and atherosclerosis, highlighting the therapeutic options that could arise from the manipulation of these signaling pathways both in humans and in translational models.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Valdir de Andrade Braga
- Biotechnology Center, Federal University of Paraiba (Universidade Federal da Paraíba)Joao Pessoa, Brazil
| | | | - Josiane de Campos Cruz
- Biotechnology Center, Federal University of Paraiba (Universidade Federal da Paraíba)Joao Pessoa, Brazil
| | - Sérgio H. Sousa Santos
- Biological Sciences Institute, Federal University of Minas GeraisBelo Horizonte, Brazil
- Health Science Post-Graduate Program, State University of Montes ClarosMontes Claros, Brazil
| | | | - Camille de Moura Balarini
- Biotechnology Center, Federal University of Paraiba (Universidade Federal da Paraíba)Joao Pessoa, Brazil
- Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Paraiba (Universidade Federal da Paraíba)Joao Pessoa, Brazil
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Lockett AD, Petrusca DN, Justice MJ, Poirier C, Serban KA, Rush NI, Kamocka M, Predescu D, Predescu S, Petrache I. Scavenger receptor class B, type I-mediated uptake of A1AT by pulmonary endothelial cells. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2015; 309:L425-34. [PMID: 26092999 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00376.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2014] [Accepted: 06/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In addition to exerting a potent anti-elastase function, α-1 antitrypsin (A1AT) maintains the structural integrity of the lung by inhibiting endothelial inflammation and apoptosis. A main serpin secreted in circulation by hepatocytes, A1AT requires uptake by the endothelium to achieve vasculoprotective effects. This active uptake mechanism, which is inhibited by cigarette smoking (CS), involves primarily clathrin- but also caveola-mediated endocytosis and may require active binding to a receptor. Because circulating A1AT binds to high-density lipoprotein (HDL), we hypothesized that scavenging receptors are candidates for endothelial uptake of the serpin. Although the low-density lipoprotein (LDL) receptor-related protein 1 (LRP1) internalizes only elastase-bound A1AT, the scavenger receptor B type I (SR-BI), which binds and internalizes HDL and is modulated by CS, may be involved in A1AT uptake. Transmission electron microscopy imaging of colloidal gold-labeled A1AT confirmed A1AT endocytosis in both clathrin-coated vesicles and caveolae in endothelial cells. SR-BI immunoprecipitation identified binding to A1AT at the plasma membrane. Pretreatment of human lung microvascular endothelial cells with SR-B ligands (HDL or LDL), knockdown of SCARB1 expression, or neutralizing SR-BI antibodies significantly reduced A1AT uptake by 30-50%. Scarb1 null mice exhibited decreased A1AT lung content following systemic A1AT administration and reduced lung anti-inflammatory effects of A1AT supplementation during short-term CS exposure. In turn, A1AT supplementation increased lung SR-BI expression and modulated circulating lipoprotein levels in wild-type animals. These studies indicate that SR-BI is an important mediator of A1AT endocytosis in pulmonary endothelium and suggest a cross talk between A1AT and lipoprotein regulation of vascular functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelia D Lockett
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care and Occupational Medicine, Department of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, Indiana;
| | - Daniela N Petrusca
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care and Occupational Medicine, Department of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Matthew J Justice
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care and Occupational Medicine, Department of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Christophe Poirier
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care and Occupational Medicine, Department of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Karina A Serban
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care and Occupational Medicine, Department of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Natalia I Rush
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care and Occupational Medicine, Department of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Malgorzata Kamocka
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Dan Predescu
- Department of Pharmacology, Rush University, Chicago, Illinois; and
| | - Sanda Predescu
- Department of Pharmacology, Rush University, Chicago, Illinois; and
| | - Irina Petrache
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care and Occupational Medicine, Department of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, Indiana; The Richard L. Roudebush Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Indianapolis, Indiana
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Pedersen SF, Sandholt BV, Keller SH, Hansen AE, Clemmensen AE, Sillesen H, Højgaard L, Ripa RS, Kjær A. 64Cu-DOTATATE PET/MRI for Detection of Activated Macrophages in Carotid Atherosclerotic Plaques: Studies in Patients Undergoing Endarterectomy. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2015; 35:1696-703. [PMID: 25977567 PMCID: PMC4479665 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.114.305067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2014] [Accepted: 05/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE A feature of vulnerable atherosclerotic plaques of the carotid artery is high activity and abundance of lesion macrophages. There is consensus that this is of importance for plaque vulnerability, which may lead to clinical events, such as stroke and transient ischemic attack. We used positron emission tomography (PET) and the novel PET ligand [(64)Cu] [1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-N,N',N″,N‴-tetraacetic acid]-d-Phe1,Tyr3-octreotate ((64)Cu-DOTATATE) to specifically target macrophages via the somatostatin receptor subtype-2 in vivo. APPROACH AND RESULTS Ten patients underwent simultaneous PET/MRI to measure (64)Cu-DOTATATE uptake in carotid artery plaques before carotid endarterectomy. (64)Cu-DOTATATE uptake was significantly higher in symptomatic plaque versus the contralateral carotid artery (P<0.001). Subsequently, a total of 62 plaque segments were assessed for gene expression of selected markers of plaque vulnerability using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction. These results were compared with in vivo (64)Cu-DOTATATE uptake calculated as the mean standardized uptake value. Univariate analysis of real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction and PET showed that cluster of differentiation 163 (CD163) and CD68 gene expression correlated significantly but weakly with mean standardized uptake value in scans performed 85 minutes post injection (P<0.001 and P=0.015, respectively). Subsequent multivariate analysis showed that CD163 correlated independently with (64)Cu-DOTATATE uptake (P=0.031) whereas CD68 did not contribute significantly to the final model. CONCLUSIONS The novel PET tracer (64)Cu-DOTATATE accumulates in atherosclerotic plaques of the carotid artery. CD163 gene expression correlated independently with (64)Cu-DOTATATE uptake measured by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction in the final multivariate model, indicating that (64)Cu-DOTATATE PET is detecting alternatively activated macrophages. This association could potentially improve noninvasive identification and characterization of vulnerable plaques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sune Folke Pedersen
- From the Department of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine and PET (S.F.P., A.E.C., L.H., R.S.R., A.K., S.H.K., A.E.H.), Cluster for Molecular Imaging (S.F.P., A.E.C., L.H., R.S.R., A.K.), Department of Vascular Surgery (B.V.S., H.S.), Rigshospitalet and University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Benjamin Vikjær Sandholt
- From the Department of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine and PET (S.F.P., A.E.C., L.H., R.S.R., A.K., S.H.K., A.E.H.), Cluster for Molecular Imaging (S.F.P., A.E.C., L.H., R.S.R., A.K.), Department of Vascular Surgery (B.V.S., H.S.), Rigshospitalet and University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sune Høgild Keller
- From the Department of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine and PET (S.F.P., A.E.C., L.H., R.S.R., A.K., S.H.K., A.E.H.), Cluster for Molecular Imaging (S.F.P., A.E.C., L.H., R.S.R., A.K.), Department of Vascular Surgery (B.V.S., H.S.), Rigshospitalet and University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Adam Espe Hansen
- From the Department of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine and PET (S.F.P., A.E.C., L.H., R.S.R., A.K., S.H.K., A.E.H.), Cluster for Molecular Imaging (S.F.P., A.E.C., L.H., R.S.R., A.K.), Department of Vascular Surgery (B.V.S., H.S.), Rigshospitalet and University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Andreas Ettrup Clemmensen
- From the Department of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine and PET (S.F.P., A.E.C., L.H., R.S.R., A.K., S.H.K., A.E.H.), Cluster for Molecular Imaging (S.F.P., A.E.C., L.H., R.S.R., A.K.), Department of Vascular Surgery (B.V.S., H.S.), Rigshospitalet and University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Henrik Sillesen
- From the Department of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine and PET (S.F.P., A.E.C., L.H., R.S.R., A.K., S.H.K., A.E.H.), Cluster for Molecular Imaging (S.F.P., A.E.C., L.H., R.S.R., A.K.), Department of Vascular Surgery (B.V.S., H.S.), Rigshospitalet and University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Liselotte Højgaard
- From the Department of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine and PET (S.F.P., A.E.C., L.H., R.S.R., A.K., S.H.K., A.E.H.), Cluster for Molecular Imaging (S.F.P., A.E.C., L.H., R.S.R., A.K.), Department of Vascular Surgery (B.V.S., H.S.), Rigshospitalet and University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Rasmus Sejersten Ripa
- From the Department of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine and PET (S.F.P., A.E.C., L.H., R.S.R., A.K., S.H.K., A.E.H.), Cluster for Molecular Imaging (S.F.P., A.E.C., L.H., R.S.R., A.K.), Department of Vascular Surgery (B.V.S., H.S.), Rigshospitalet and University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Andreas Kjær
- From the Department of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine and PET (S.F.P., A.E.C., L.H., R.S.R., A.K., S.H.K., A.E.H.), Cluster for Molecular Imaging (S.F.P., A.E.C., L.H., R.S.R., A.K.), Department of Vascular Surgery (B.V.S., H.S.), Rigshospitalet and University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Rojas J, Salazar J, Martínez MS, Palmar J, Bautista J, Chávez-Castillo M, Gómez A, Bermúdez V. Macrophage Heterogeneity and Plasticity: Impact of Macrophage Biomarkers on Atherosclerosis. SCIENTIFICA 2015; 2015:851252. [PMID: 26491604 PMCID: PMC4600540 DOI: 10.1155/2015/851252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2015] [Accepted: 09/09/2015] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a global epidemic, currently representing the worldwide leading cause of morbidity and mortality. Atherosclerosis is the fundamental pathophysiologic component of CVD, where the immune system plays an essential role. Monocytes and macrophages are key mediators in this aspect: due to their heterogeneity and plasticity, these cells may act as either pro- or anti-inflammatory mediators. Indeed, monocytes may develop heterogeneous functional phenotypes depending on the predominating pro- or anti-inflammatory microenvironment within the lesion, resulting in classic, intermediate, and non-classic monocytes, each with strikingly differing features. Similarly, macrophages may also adopt heterogeneous profiles being mainly M1 and M2, the former showing a proinflammatory profile while the latter demonstrates anti-inflammatory traits; they are further subdivided in several subtypes with more specialized functions. Furthermore, macrophages may display plasticity by dynamically shifting between phenotypes in response to specific signals. Each of these distinct cell profiles is associated with diverse biomarkers which may be exploited for therapeutic intervention, including IL-10, IL-13, PPAR-γ, LXR, NLRP3 inflammasomes, and microRNAs. Direct modulation of the molecular pathways concerning these potential macrophage-related targets represents a promising field for new therapeutic alternatives in atherosclerosis and CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joselyn Rojas
- Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, School of Medicine, University of Zulia, Maracaibo 4004, Venezuela
- Endocrinology Department, Maracaibo University Hospital, Maracaibo 4004, Venezuela
- *Joselyn Rojas:
| | - Juan Salazar
- Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, School of Medicine, University of Zulia, Maracaibo 4004, Venezuela
| | - María Sofía Martínez
- Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, School of Medicine, University of Zulia, Maracaibo 4004, Venezuela
| | - Jim Palmar
- Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, School of Medicine, University of Zulia, Maracaibo 4004, Venezuela
| | - Jordan Bautista
- Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, School of Medicine, University of Zulia, Maracaibo 4004, Venezuela
| | - Mervin Chávez-Castillo
- Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, School of Medicine, University of Zulia, Maracaibo 4004, Venezuela
| | - Alexis Gómez
- Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, School of Medicine, University of Zulia, Maracaibo 4004, Venezuela
| | - Valmore Bermúdez
- Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, School of Medicine, University of Zulia, Maracaibo 4004, Venezuela
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Zheng XX, Zhou T, Wang XA, Tong XH, Ding JW. Histone deacetylases and atherosclerosis. Atherosclerosis 2014; 240:355-66. [PMID: 25875381 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2014.12.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2014] [Revised: 12/17/2014] [Accepted: 12/18/2014] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is the most common pathological process that leads to cardiovascular diseases, a disease of large- and medium-sized arteries that is characterized by a formation of atherosclerotic plaques consisting of necrotic cores, calcified regions, accumulated modified lipids, smooth muscle cells (SMCs), endothelial cells, leukocytes, and foam cells. Recently, the question about how to suppress the occurrence of atherosclerosis and alleviate the progress of cardiovascular disease becomes the hot topic. Accumulating evidence suggests that histone deacetylases(HDACs) play crucial roles in arteriosclerosis. This review summarizes the effect of HDACs and HDAC inhibitors(HDACi) on the progress of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia-xia Zheng
- Department of Cardiology, The First College of Clinical Medical Sciences, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443000, Hubei Province, China; Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443000, Hubei Province, China
| | - Tian Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, The First College of Clinical Medical Sciences, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443000, Hubei Province, China; Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443000, Hubei Province, China
| | - Xin-An Wang
- Department of Cardiology, The First College of Clinical Medical Sciences, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443000, Hubei Province, China; Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443000, Hubei Province, China
| | - Xiao-hong Tong
- Department of Cardiology, The First College of Clinical Medical Sciences, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443000, Hubei Province, China; Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443000, Hubei Province, China
| | - Jia-wang Ding
- Department of Cardiology, The First College of Clinical Medical Sciences, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443000, Hubei Province, China; Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443000, Hubei Province, China.
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Petersen L, York AW, Lewis DR, Ahuja S, Uhrich KE, Prud’homme RK, Moghe PV. Amphiphilic nanoparticles repress macrophage atherogenesis: novel core/shell designs for scavenger receptor targeting and down-regulation. Mol Pharm 2014; 11:2815-24. [PMID: 24972372 PMCID: PMC4144725 DOI: 10.1021/mp500188g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2014] [Revised: 06/25/2014] [Accepted: 06/27/2014] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis, an inflammatory lipid-rich plaque disease is perpetuated by the unregulated scavenger-receptor-mediated uptake of oxidized lipoproteins (oxLDL) in macrophages. Current treatments lack the ability to directly inhibit oxLDL accumulation and foam cell conversion within diseased arteries. In this work, we harness nanotechnology to design and fabricate a new class of nanoparticles (NPs) based on hydrophobic mucic acid cores and amphiphilic shells with the ability to inhibit the uncontrolled uptake of modified lipids in human macrophages. Our results indicate that tailored NP core and shell formulations repress oxLDL internalization via dual complementary mechanisms. Specifically, the most atheroprotective molecules in the NP cores competitively reduced NP-mediated uptake to scavenger receptor A (SRA) and also down-regulated the surface expression of SRA and CD36. Thus, nanoparticles can be designed to switch activated, lipid-scavenging macrophages to antiatherogenic phenotypes, which could be the basis for future antiatherosclerotic therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Latrisha
K. Petersen
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers University, 599 Taylor Road, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, United States
| | - Adam W. York
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers University, 599 Taylor Road, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, United States
| | - Daniel R. Lewis
- Department
of Chemical & Biochemical Engineering, Rutgers University, 98 Brett Road, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, United States
| | - Sonali Ahuja
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers University, 599 Taylor Road, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, United States
| | - Kathryn E. Uhrich
- Department
of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers
University, 610 Taylor
Road, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, United States
| | - Robert K. Prud’homme
- Department
of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Prabhas V. Moghe
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers University, 599 Taylor Road, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, United States
- Department
of Chemical & Biochemical Engineering, Rutgers University, 98 Brett Road, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, United States
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Syväranta S, Alanne-Kinnunen M, Öörni K, Oksjoki R, Kupari M, Kovanen PT, Helske-Suihko S. Potential pathological roles for oxidized low-density lipoprotein and scavenger receptors SR-AI, CD36, and LOX-1 in aortic valve stenosis. Atherosclerosis 2014; 235:398-407. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2014.05.933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2013] [Revised: 04/29/2014] [Accepted: 05/19/2014] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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Bakthavatsalam D, Soung RH, Tweardy DJ, Chiu W, Dixon RAF, Woodside DG. Chaperonin-containing TCP-1 complex directly binds to the cytoplasmic domain of the LOX-1 receptor. FEBS Lett 2014; 588:2133-40. [PMID: 24846140 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2014.04.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2014] [Revised: 04/25/2014] [Accepted: 04/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Lectin-like oxidized low-density lipoprotein receptor (LOX-1) is a scavenger receptor that binds oxidized low-density lipoprotein (OxLDL) and has a role in atherosclerosis development. The N-terminus intracellular region (cytoplasmic domain) of LOX-1 mediates receptor internalization and trafficking, potentially through intracellular protein interactions. Using affinity isolation, we identified 6 of the 8 components of the chaperonin-containing TCP-1 (CCT) complex bound to LOX-1 cytoplasmic domain, which we verified by coimmunoprecipitation and immunostaining in human umbilical vein endothelial cells. We found that the interaction between CCT and LOX-1 is direct and ATP-dependent and that OxLDL suppressed this interaction. Understanding the association between LOX-1 and the CCT complex may facilitate the design of novel therapies for cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Roh Hun Soung
- National Center for Macromolecular Imaging, Verna and Marrs McLean Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - David J Tweardy
- National Center for Macromolecular Imaging, Verna and Marrs McLean Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Wah Chiu
- National Center for Macromolecular Imaging, Verna and Marrs McLean Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Richard A F Dixon
- Department of Molecular Cardiology, Texas Heart Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Darren G Woodside
- Department of Molecular Cardiology, Texas Heart Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW To summarize the recent findings about the roles of scavenger receptor class B type I (SR-BI) in immunity and discuss the underlying mechanisms by which SR-BI prevents immune dysfunctions. RECENT FINDINGS SR-BI is well known as a high-density lipoprotein (HDL) receptor playing key roles in HDL metabolism and in protection against atherosclerosis. Recent studies have indicated that SR-BI is also an essential modulator in immunity. SR-BI deficiency in mice causes immune dysfunctions, including increased atherosclerosis, elevated susceptibility to sepsis, impaired lymphocyte homeostasis, and autoimmune disorders. SR-BI exerts its protective roles through a variety of HDL-dependent and HDL-independent mechanisms. SR-BI is also involved in hepatitis C virus cell entry. A deficiency of SR-BI in humanized mice has been shown to decrease hepatitis C virus infectivity. SUMMARY SR-BI regulates immunity via multiple mechanisms and its deficiency causes numerous diseases. A comprehensive understanding of the roles of SR-BI in protection against immune dysfunctions may provide a therapeutic target for intervention against its associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhong Zheng
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
- Graduate Center for Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Junting Ai
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
- Graduate Center for Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Xiang-An Li
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
- Graduate Center for Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
- Saha Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
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Charoenphol P, Bermudez H. Design and application of multifunctional DNA nanocarriers for therapeutic delivery. Acta Biomater 2014; 10:1683-91. [PMID: 23896566 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2013.07.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2013] [Revised: 06/17/2013] [Accepted: 07/17/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The unique programmability of nucleic acids offers versatility and flexibility in the creation of self-assembled DNA nanostructures. To date, many three-dimensional DNA architectures of varying sizes and shapes have been precisely formed. Their biocompatibility, biodegradability and high intrinsic stability in physiological environments emphasize their emerging use as carriers for drug and gene delivery. Furthermore, DNA nanocarriers have been shown to enter cells efficiently and without the aid of transfection reagents. A key strength of DNA nanocarriers over other delivery systems is their modularity and their ability to control the spatial distribution of cargoes and ligands. Optimizing DNA nanocarrier properties to dictate their localization, uptake and intracellular trafficking is also possible. This review presents design considerations for DNA nanocarriers and examples of their use in the context of therapeutic delivery applications. The assembly of DNA nanocarriers and approaches for loading and releasing cargo are described. The stability and safety of DNA nanocarriers are also discussed, with particular attention to the in vivo physiological environment. Mechanisms of cellular uptake and intracellular trafficking are examined, and the paper concludes with strategies to enhance the delivery efficiency of DNA nanocarriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Charoenphol
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - H Bermudez
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA.
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Kang H, Park SH, Yun JM, Nam TG, Kim YE, Kim DO, Kim YJ. Effect of cinnamon water extract on monocyte-to-macrophage differentiation and scavenger receptor activity. Altern Ther Health Med 2014; 14:90. [PMID: 24602512 PMCID: PMC3973967 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6882-14-90] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2013] [Accepted: 02/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Background Water soluble cinnamon extract has been shown to increase insulin sensitivity and modulate macrophage activation, a desirable trait for the management of obesity or atherosclerosis. Our present study investigated whether cinnamon water extract (CWE) may influence the differentiation of monocytes into macrophages and the activity of macrophage scavenger receptors, commonly observed in atherosclerotic lesions. Methods We investigated the effect of CWE on the expression of various surface markers and the uptake of acetylated low density lipoprotein (LDL) in phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate (PMA)-stimulated THP-1 cells. The protein levels of PMA or macrophage-colony stimulating factor (M-CSF)-stimulated type 1 macrophage scavenger receptor (SRA) were analyzed. Finally, the role of extracellar signal-related kinase (ERK) 1/2 in SRA synthesis and the effect of CWE on PMA-stimulated ERK1/2 were determined. Results CWE inhibited the differentiation of monocyte by decreasing the expression of CD11b, CD36 and SRA and the uptake of acetyl LDL. CWE suppressed the upregulation of SRA by M-CSF and modulated ERK1/2 activity, which was required for PMA-induced SRA synthesis. Conclusions Our results demonstrate that CWE was able to interfere with monocyte differentiation and macrophage scavenger activity, indicating its potential in preventing the development of atherosclerotic lesions.
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Sengupta B, Narasimhulu CA, Parthasarathy S. Novel technique for generating macrophage foam cells for in vitro reverse cholesterol transport studies. J Lipid Res 2013; 54:3358-72. [PMID: 24115226 PMCID: PMC3826683 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.m041327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Generation of foam cells, an essential step for reverse cholesterol transport studies, uses the technique of receptor-dependent macrophage loading with radiolabeled acetylated LDL. In this study, we used the ability of a biologically relevant detergent molecule, lysophosphatidylcholine (lyso-PtdCho), to form mixed micelles with cholesterol or cholesteryl ester (CE) to generate macrophage foam cells. Fluorescent or radiolabeled cholesterol/lyso-PtdCho mixed micelles were prepared and incubated with RAW 264.7 or mouse peritoneal macrophages. Results showed that such micelles were quite stable at 4°C and retained the solubilized cholesterol during one month of storage. Macrophages incubated with cholesterol or CE (unlabeled, fluorescently labeled, or radiolabeled)/lyso-PtdCho mixed micelles accumulated CE as documented by microscopy, lipid staining, labeled oleate incorporation, and by TLC. Such foam cells unloaded cholesterol when incubated with HDL but not with oxidized HDL. We propose that stable cholesterol or CE/lyso-PtdCho micelles would offer advantages over existing methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhaswati Sengupta
- Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32827
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Chu J, Song HH, Zarember KA, Mills TA, Gallin JI. Persistence of the bacterial pathogen Granulibacter bethesdensis in chronic granulomatous disease monocytes and macrophages lacking a functional NADPH oxidase. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2013; 191:3297-307. [PMID: 23956436 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1300200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Granulibacter bethesdensis is a Gram-negative pathogen in patients with chronic granulomatous disease (CGD), a deficiency in the phagocyte NADPH oxidase. Repeated isolation of genetically identical strains from the same patient over years, and prolonged waxing and waning seropositivity in some subjects, raises the possibility of long-term persistence. G. bethesdensis resists killing by serum, CGD polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN), and antimicrobial peptides, indicating resistance to nonoxidative killing mechanisms. Although G. bethesdensis extends the survival of PMN, persistent intracellular bacterial survival might rely on longer-lived macrophages and their precursor monocytes. Therefore, we examined phagocytic killing by primary human monocytes and monocyte-derived macrophages (MDM). Cells from both normal and CGD subjects internalized G. bethesdensis similarly. G. bethesdensis stimulated superoxide production in normal monocytes, but to a lesser degree than in normal PMN. Normal but not CGD monocytes and MDM killed G. bethesdensis and required in vitro treatment with IFN-γ to maintain this killing effect. Although in vitro IFN-γ did not enhance G. bethesdensis killing in CGD monocytes, it restricted growth in proportion to CGD PMN residual superoxide production, providing a potential method to identify patients responsive to IFN-γ therapy. In IFN-γ-treated CGD MDM, G. bethesdensis persisted for the duration of the study (7 d) without decreasing viability of the host cells. These results indicate that G. bethesdensis is highly resistant to oxygen-independent microbicides of myeloid cells, requires an intact NADPH oxidase for clearance, and can persist long-term in CGD mononuclear phagocytes, most likely relating to the persistence of this microorganism in infected CGD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Chu
- Laboratory of Host Defenses, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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Shastri A, Bonifati DM, Kishore U. Innate immunity and neuroinflammation. Mediators Inflamm 2013; 2013:342931. [PMID: 23843682 PMCID: PMC3697414 DOI: 10.1155/2013/342931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2013] [Accepted: 05/15/2013] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammation of central nervous system (CNS) is usually associated with trauma and infection. Neuroinflammation occurs in close relation to trauma, infection, and neurodegenerative diseases. Low-level neuroinflammation is considered to have beneficial effects whereas chronic neuroinflammation can be harmful. Innate immune system consisting of pattern-recognition receptors, macrophages, and complement system plays a key role in CNS homeostasis following injury and infection. Here, we discuss how innate immune components can also contribute to neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhishek Shastri
- Centre for Infection, Immunity and Disease Mechanisms, Heinz Wolff Building, Brunel University, London UB8 3PH, UK
| | - Domenico Marco Bonifati
- Unit of Neurology, Department of Neurological Disorders, Santa Chiara Hospital, Largo Medaglie d'oro 1, 38100 Trento, Italy
| | - Uday Kishore
- Centre for Infection, Immunity and Disease Mechanisms, Heinz Wolff Building, Brunel University, London UB8 3PH, UK
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Di Rienzo C, Jacchetti E, Cardarelli F, Bizzarri R, Beltram F, Cecchini M. Unveiling LOX-1 receptor interplay with nanotopography: mechanotransduction and atherosclerosis onset. Sci Rep 2013; 3:1141. [PMID: 23355954 PMCID: PMC3555090 DOI: 10.1038/srep01141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2012] [Accepted: 12/17/2012] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Lectin-like ox-LDL receptors (LOX-1) play a crucial role in the ox-LDL–induced pathological transformation of vessel-wall components, a crucial early step in atherogenesis. LOX-1 dynamics is quantitatively investigated in human endothelial cells (HUVECs) exposed to environmental nanotopographies. We demonstrate distinct nanotopography-induced cell phenotypes, characterized by different morphology, LOX-1 diffusivity and oligomerization state: HUVECs on flat surfaces exhibit the behavior found in pro-atherogenic conditions, while growth on nanogratings can interfere with LOX-1 dynamics and lead to a behavior characteristic of normal, non-pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmine Di Rienzo
- NEST, Istituto Nanoscienze-CNR and Scuola Normale Superiore, Piazza San Silvestro 12 , 56127 Pisa, Italy
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Hag AMF, Pedersen SF, Christoffersen C, Binderup T, Jensen MM, Jørgensen JT, Skovgaard D, Ripa RS, Kjaer A. (18)F-FDG PET imaging of murine atherosclerosis: association with gene expression of key molecular markers. PLoS One 2012; 7:e50908. [PMID: 23226424 PMCID: PMC3511408 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0050908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2012] [Accepted: 10/26/2012] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim To study whether 18F-FDG can be used for in vivo imaging of atherogenesis by examining the correlation between 18F-FDG uptake and gene expression of key molecular markers of atherosclerosis in apoE−/− mice. Methods Nine groups of apoE−/− mice were given normal chow or high-fat diet. At different time-points, 18F-FDG PET/contrast-enhanced CT scans were performed on dedicated animal scanners. After scans, animals were euthanized, aortas removed, gamma counted, RNA extracted from the tissue, and gene expression of chemo (C-X-C motif) ligand 1 (CXCL-1), monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1, vascular cell adhesion molecule (VCAM)-1, cluster of differentiation molecule (CD)-68, osteopontin (OPN), lectin-like oxidized LDL-receptor (LOX)-1, hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1α, HIF-2α, vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF), and tissue factor (TF) was measured by means of qPCR. Results The uptake of 18F-FDG increased over time in the groups of mice receiving high-fat diet measured by PET and ex vivo gamma counting. The gene expression of all examined markers of atherosclerosis correlated significantly with 18F-FDG uptake. The strongest correlation was seen with TF and CD68 (p<0.001). A multivariate analysis showed CD68, OPN, TF, and VCAM-1 to be the most important contributors to the uptake of 18F-FDG. Together they could explain 60% of the 18F-FDG uptake. Conclusion We have demonstrated that 18F-FDG can be used to follow the progression of atherosclerosis in apoE−/− mice. The gene expression of ten molecular markers representing different molecular processes important for atherosclerosis was shown to correlate with the uptake of 18F-FDG. Especially, the gene expressions of CD68, OPN, TF, and VCAM-1 were strong predictors for the uptake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Mette Fisker Hag
- Cluster for Molecular Imaging, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences and Department of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine & PET, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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Stancu CS, Toma L, Sima AV. Dual role of lipoproteins in endothelial cell dysfunction in atherosclerosis. Cell Tissue Res 2012; 349:433-46. [DOI: 10.1007/s00441-012-1437-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2012] [Accepted: 04/12/2012] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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Reiss AB, Cronstein BN. Regulation of foam cells by adenosine. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2012; 32:879-86. [PMID: 22423040 PMCID: PMC3306592 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.111.226878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2011] [Accepted: 12/02/2011] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Macrophages rely on reverse cholesterol transport mechanisms to rid themselves of excess cholesterol. By reducing accumulation of cholesterol in the artery wall, reverse cholesterol transport slows or prevents development of atherosclerosis. In stable macrophages, efflux mechanisms balance influx mechanisms, and accumulating lipids do not overwhelm the cell. Under atherogenic conditions, inflow of cholesterol exceeds outflow, and the cell is ultimately transformed into a foam cell, the prototypical cell in the atherosclerotic plaque. Adenosine is an endogenous purine nucleoside released from metabolically active cells by facilitated diffusion and generated extracellularly from adenine nucleotides. Under stress conditions, such as hypoxia, a depressed cellular energy state leads to an acute increase in the extracellular concentration of adenosine. Extracellular adenosine interacts with 1 or more of a family of G protein-coupled receptors (A(1), A(2A), A(2B), and A(3)) to modulate the function of nearly all cells and tissues. Modulation of adenosine signaling participates in regulation of reverse cholesterol transport. Of particular note for the development of atherosclerosis, activation of A(2A) receptors dramatically inhibits inflammation and protects against tissue injury. Potent antiatherosclerotic effects of A(2A) receptor stimulation include inhibition of macrophage foam cell transformation and upregulation of the reverse cholesterol transport proteins cholesterol 27-hydroxylase and ATP binding cassette transporter A1. Thus, A(2A) receptor agonists may correct or prevent the adverse effects of inflammatory processes on cellular cholesterol homeostasis. This review focuses on the importance of extracellular adenosine acting at specific receptors as a regulatory mechanism to control the formation of foam cells under conditions of lipid loading.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison B. Reiss
- Department of Medicine and Winthrop Research Institute, Winthrop-University Hospital, 222 Station Plaza North, Suite 502A, Mineola, NY 11501, USA
| | - Bruce N. Cronstein
- Division of Translational Medicine, Department of Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, NBV16N-1, 550 First Avenue, New York, NY, 10016, USA
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