1
|
Zhang R, Ozgen S, Luo H, Krigman J, Zhao Y, Xin G, Sun N. The Mitochondrial Deubiquitinase USP30 Regulates AKT/mTOR Signaling. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:816551. [PMID: 35250566 PMCID: PMC8891576 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.816551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitophagy is an intracellular mechanism to maintain mitochondrial health by removing dysfunctional mitochondria. The E3 ligase Parkin ubiquitinates the membrane proteins on targeted mitochondria to initiate mitophagy, whereas USP30 antagonizes Parkin-dependent mitophagy by removing ubiquitin from Parkin substrates. The AKT/mTOR signaling is a master regulator of cell proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, and autophagy. Although mounting evidence suggests that perturbations in the AKT/mTOR signaling pathway may contribute to mitophagy regulation, the specific mechanisms between Parkin/USP30 and AKT/mTOR signaling have not been elucidated. In this study, we employ a set of genetic reagents to investigate the role of Parkin and USP30 in regulating the AKT/mTOR signaling during mitophagy. We demonstrated that, in the setting of mitochondrial stress, the AKT/mTOR signaling is regulated, at least in part, by the activity of Parkin and USP30. Parkin inhibits AKT/mTOR signaling following an in vitro mitochondrial stress, thereby promoting apoptosis. However, USP30 overexpression antagonizes the activity of Parkin to sustain AKT/mTOR activity and inhibit apoptosis. These findings provide new insights into Parkin and USP30’s role in apoptosis and suggest that inhibiting USP30 might provide a specific strategy to synergize with AKT/mTOR inhibitors in cancer treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ruohan Zhang
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, United States
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacology, The Ohio State University College of Pharmacy, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Serra Ozgen
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Hongke Luo
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Judith Krigman
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Yutong Zhao
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Gang Xin
- Pelotonia Institute for Immuno-Oncology, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Nuo Sun
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, United States
- *Correspondence: Nuo Sun,
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Wang W, Xu J. Curcumin Attenuates Cerebral Ischemia-reperfusion Injury Through Regulating Mitophagy and Preserving Mitochondrial Function. Curr Neurovasc Res 2021; 17:113-122. [PMID: 32096742 DOI: 10.2174/1567202617666200225122620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2019] [Revised: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Curcumin, the complex extracted from the traditional edible herb, has a wide range of pharmacological effects. A great deal of studies has demonstrated that curcumin could protect against cerebral ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury. In the present study, we aimed to test the hypothesis that curcumin reduces brain damage via regulating mitophagy and preserving mitochondrial function. To clarify the potential effect and mechanism of curcumin on cerebral I/R, we utilize MCAO followed by reperfusion rats and OGD/R neurons as cerebral I/R in vivo and in vitro, respectively. METHODS We determined the cellular ROS levels and mitochondrial function, including mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), ATP levels, state 3 respiration and state 4 respiration. We also detected the levels of mitophagy by immunofluorescent staining and western blotting. RESULTS Results found that curcumin decreased neurological deficit scores, infarct volume and morphological changes of neurons in rats after brain I/R injury. Curcumin also reduced the levels of ROS while increased MMP, ATP levels and state 3 respiration to prevent the impairment of mitochondrial function from cerebral I/R. Furthermore, curcumin enhanced the co-localization of LC3B and mitochondrial marker VDAC1, the ratio of LC3-II to LC3-I, improving cerebral I/Rinduced mitophagy. CONCLUSION In conclusion, our results suggest that curcumin protects against cerebral I/R injury by improving mitophagy and preserving mitochondrial function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Wang
- Department of Neurology, Xianyang Hospital of Yan'an University, Xianyang 712000, China
| | - Jiaping Xu
- Department of Neurology, Xianyang Hospital of Yan'an University, Xianyang 712000, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Abstract
Mitochondria are signaling hubs responsible for the generation of energy through oxidative phosphorylation, the production of key metabolites that serve the bioenergetic and biosynthetic needs of the cell, calcium (Ca2+) buffering and the initiation/execution of apoptosis. The ability of mitochondria to coordinate this myriad of functions is achieved through the exquisite regulation of fundamental dynamic properties, including remodeling of the mitochondrial network via fission and fusion, motility and mitophagy. In this Review, we summarize the current understanding of the mechanisms by which these dynamic properties of the mitochondria support mitochondrial function, review their impact on human cortical development and highlight areas in need of further research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tierney Baum
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Vivian Gama
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Vanderbilt Center for Stem Cell Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Vanderbilt Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Kong H, Jiang CY, Hu L, Teng P, Zhang Y, Pan XX, Sun XD, Liu WT. Morphine induces dysfunction of PINK1/Parkin-mediated mitophagy in spinal cord neurons implying involvement in antinociceptive tolerance. J Mol Cell Biol 2020; 11:1056-1068. [PMID: 30698724 PMCID: PMC7261486 DOI: 10.1093/jmcb/mjz002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2018] [Revised: 07/01/2018] [Accepted: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of opioid-induced analgesic tolerance is a clinical challenge in long-term use for managing chronic pain. The mechanisms of morphine tolerance are poorly understood. Mitochondria-derived reactive oxygen species (ROS) is a crucial signal inducing analgesic tolerance and pain. Chronic administration of morphine leads to robust ROS production and accumulation of damaged mitochondria, which are immediately removed by mitophagy. Here, we show that morphine inhibits mitochondria damage-induced accumulation of PTEN-induced putative kinase 1 (PINK1) in neurons. It interrupts the recruitment of Parkin to the impaired mitochondria and inhibits the ubiquitination of mitochondrial proteins catalyzed by Parkin. Consequently, morphine suppresses the recognition of autophagosomes to the damaged mitochondria mediated by LC3 and sequestosome-1 (SQSTM1/p62). Thus, morphine inhibits autophagy flux and leads to the accumulation of SQSTM1/p62. Finally, the impaired mitochondria cannot be delivered to lysosomes for degradation and ultimately induces robust ROS production and morphine tolerance. Our findings suggest that the dysfunction of mitophagy is involved in morphine tolerance. The deficiency of PINK1/Parkin-mediated clearance of damaged mitochondria is crucial for the generation of excessive ROS and important to the development of analgesic tolerance. These findings suggest that the compounds capable of stabilizing PINK1 or restoring mitophagy may be utilized to prevent or reduce opioid tolerance during chronic pain management.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hong Kong
- Neuroprotective Drug Discovery Key Laboratory of Nanjing Medical University, Department of Pharmacology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chun-Yi Jiang
- Neuroprotective Drug Discovery Key Laboratory of Nanjing Medical University, Department of Pharmacology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Liang Hu
- Neuroprotective Drug Discovery Key Laboratory of Nanjing Medical University, Department of Pharmacology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Peng Teng
- Neuroprotective Drug Discovery Key Laboratory of Nanjing Medical University, Department of Pharmacology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Neuroprotective Drug Discovery Key Laboratory of Nanjing Medical University, Department of Pharmacology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Research Division of Pharmacology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiu-Xiu Pan
- Neuroprotective Drug Discovery Key Laboratory of Nanjing Medical University, Department of Pharmacology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiao-Di Sun
- Neuroprotective Drug Discovery Key Laboratory of Nanjing Medical University, Department of Pharmacology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wen-Tao Liu
- Neuroprotective Drug Discovery Key Laboratory of Nanjing Medical University, Department of Pharmacology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Pharmacy, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Travaglione S, Loizzo S, Vona R, Ballan G, Rivabene R, Giordani D, Guidotti M, Dupuis ML, Maroccia Z, Baiula M, Rimondini R, Campana G, Fiorentini C. The Bacterial Toxin CNF1 Protects Human Neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y Cells against 6-Hydroxydopamine-Induced Cell Damage: The Hypothesis of CNF1-Promoted Autophagy as an Antioxidant Strategy. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21093390. [PMID: 32403292 PMCID: PMC7247702 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21093390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Revised: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Several chronic neuroinflammatory diseases, including Parkinson’s disease (PD), have the so-called ‘redox imbalance’ in common, a dynamic system modulated by various factors. Among them, alteration of the mitochondrial functionality can cause overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) with the consequent induction of oxidative DNA damage and apoptosis. Considering the failure of clinical trials with drugs that eliminate ROS directly, research currently focuses on approaches that counteract redox imbalance, thus restoring normal physiology in a neuroinflammatory condition. Herein, we used SH-SY5Y cells treated with 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA), a neurotoxin broadly employed to generate experimental models of PD. Cells were pre-treated with the Rho-modulating Escherichia coli cytotoxic necrotizing factor 1 (CNF1), before the addition of 6-OHDA. Then, cell viability, mitochondrial morphology and dynamics, redox profile as well as autophagic markers expression were assessed. We found that CNF1 preserves cell viability and counteracts oxidative stress induced by 6-OHDA. These effects are accompanied by modulation of the mitochondrial network and an increase in macroautophagic markers. Our results confirm the Rho GTPases as suitable pharmacological targets to counteract neuroinflammatory diseases and evidence the potentiality of CNF1, whose beneficial effects on pathological animal models have been already proven to act against oxidative stress through an autophagic strategy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sara Travaglione
- Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy; (S.L.); (R.V.); (G.B.); (R.Riv); (D.G.); (M.G.); (M.L.D.); (Z.M.); or
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-06-49903692
| | - Stefano Loizzo
- Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy; (S.L.); (R.V.); (G.B.); (R.Riv); (D.G.); (M.G.); (M.L.D.); (Z.M.); or
| | - Rosa Vona
- Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy; (S.L.); (R.V.); (G.B.); (R.Riv); (D.G.); (M.G.); (M.L.D.); (Z.M.); or
| | - Giulia Ballan
- Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy; (S.L.); (R.V.); (G.B.); (R.Riv); (D.G.); (M.G.); (M.L.D.); (Z.M.); or
| | - Roberto Rivabene
- Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy; (S.L.); (R.V.); (G.B.); (R.Riv); (D.G.); (M.G.); (M.L.D.); (Z.M.); or
| | - Danila Giordani
- Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy; (S.L.); (R.V.); (G.B.); (R.Riv); (D.G.); (M.G.); (M.L.D.); (Z.M.); or
| | - Marco Guidotti
- Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy; (S.L.); (R.V.); (G.B.); (R.Riv); (D.G.); (M.G.); (M.L.D.); (Z.M.); or
| | - Maria Luisa Dupuis
- Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy; (S.L.); (R.V.); (G.B.); (R.Riv); (D.G.); (M.G.); (M.L.D.); (Z.M.); or
| | - Zaira Maroccia
- Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy; (S.L.); (R.V.); (G.B.); (R.Riv); (D.G.); (M.G.); (M.L.D.); (Z.M.); or
| | - Monica Baiula
- University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (M.B.); (R.Rim); (G.C.)
| | - Roberto Rimondini
- University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (M.B.); (R.Rim); (G.C.)
| | - Gabriele Campana
- University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (M.B.); (R.Rim); (G.C.)
| | - Carla Fiorentini
- Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy; (S.L.); (R.V.); (G.B.); (R.Riv); (D.G.); (M.G.); (M.L.D.); (Z.M.); or
- Association for Research on Integrative Oncology Therapies (ARTOI), 00165 Rome, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Kinzler MN, Zielke S, Kardo S, Meyer N, Kögel D, van Wijk SJL, Fulda S. STF-62247 and pimozide induce autophagy and autophagic cell death in mouse embryonic fibroblasts. Sci Rep 2020; 10:687. [PMID: 31959760 PMCID: PMC6971264 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-56990-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Induction of autophagy can have beneficial effects in several human diseases, e.g. cancer and neurodegenerative diseases (ND). Here, we therefore evaluated the potential of two novel autophagy-inducing compounds, i.e. STF-62247 and pimozide, to stimulate autophagy as well as autophagic cell death (ACD) using mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) as a cellular model. Importantly, both STF-62247 and pimozide triggered several hallmarks of autophagy in MEFs, i.e. enhanced levels of LC3B-II protein, its accumulation at distinct cytosolic sites and increase of the autophagic flux. Intriguingly, autophagy induction by STF-62247 and pimozide resulted in cell death that was significantly reduced in ATG5- or ATG7-deficient MEFs. Consistent with ACD induction, pharmacological inhibitors of apoptosis, necroptosis or ferroptosis failed to protect MEFs from STF-62247- or pimozide-triggered cell death. Interestingly, at subtoxic concentrations, pimozide stimulated fragmentation of the mitochondrial network, degradation of mitochondrial proteins (i.e. mitofusin-2 and cytochrome c oxidase IV (COXIV)) as well as a decrease of the mitochondrial mass, indicative of autophagic degradation of mitochondria by pimozide. In conclusion, this study provides novel insights into the induction of selective autophagy as well as ACD by STF-62247 and pimozide in MEFs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maximilian N Kinzler
- Institute for Experimental Cancer Research in Pediatrics, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Komturstr. 3a, 60528, Frankfurt, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Svenja Zielke
- Institute for Experimental Cancer Research in Pediatrics, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Komturstr. 3a, 60528, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Simon Kardo
- Institute for Experimental Cancer Research in Pediatrics, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Komturstr. 3a, 60528, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Nina Meyer
- Experimental Neurosurgery, Goethe-University Hospital, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Donat Kögel
- Experimental Neurosurgery, Goethe-University Hospital, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Sjoerd J L van Wijk
- Institute for Experimental Cancer Research in Pediatrics, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Komturstr. 3a, 60528, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Simone Fulda
- Institute for Experimental Cancer Research in Pediatrics, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Komturstr. 3a, 60528, Frankfurt, Germany.
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany.
- German Cancer Research Centre (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Caloric restriction rescues yeast cells from alpha-synuclein toxicity through autophagic control of proteostasis. Aging (Albany NY) 2019; 10:3821-3833. [PMID: 30530923 PMCID: PMC6326672 DOI: 10.18632/aging.101675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2018] [Accepted: 11/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
α-Synuclein (SNCA) is a presynaptic protein that is associated with the pathophysiology of synucleinopathies, including Parkinson's disease. SNCA is a naturally aggregation-prone protein, which may be degraded by the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) and by lysosomal degradation pathways. Besides being a target of the proteolytic systems, SNCA can also alter the function of these pathways further, contributing to the progression of neurodegeneration. Deterioration of UPS and autophagy activities with aging further aggravates this toxic cycle. Caloric restriction (CR) is still the most effective non-genetic intervention promoting lifespan extension. It is known that CR-mediated lifespan extension is linked to the regulation of proteolytic systems, but the mechanisms underlying CR rescue of SNCA toxicity remain poorly understood. This study shows that CR balances UPS and autophagy activities during aging. CR enhances UPS activity, reversing the decline of the UPS activity promoted by SNCA, and keeps autophagy at homeostatic levels. Maintenance of autophagy at homeostatic levels appears to be relevant for UPS activity and for the mechanism underlying rescue of cells from SNCA-mediated toxicity by CR.
Collapse
|
8
|
Sampaio‐Marques B, Guedes A, Vasilevskiy I, Gonçalves S, Outeiro TF, Winderickx J, Burhans WC, Ludovico P. α-Synuclein toxicity in yeast and human cells is caused by cell cycle re-entry and autophagy degradation of ribonucleotide reductase 1. Aging Cell 2019; 18:e12922. [PMID: 30977294 PMCID: PMC6612645 DOI: 10.1111/acel.12922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2018] [Revised: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 01/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
α‐Synuclein (aSyn) toxicity is associated with cell cycle alterations, activation of DNA damage responses (DDR), and deregulation of autophagy. However, the relationships between these phenomena remain largely unknown. Here, we demonstrate that in a yeast model of aSyn toxicity and aging, aSyn expression induces Ras2‐dependent growth signaling, cell cycle re‐entry, DDR activation, autophagy, and autophagic degradation of ribonucleotide reductase 1 (Rnr1), a protein required for the activity of ribonucleotide reductase and dNTP synthesis. These events lead to cell death and aging, which are abrogated by deleting RAS2, inhibiting DDR or autophagy, or overexpressing RNR1. aSyn expression in human H4 neuroglioma cells also induces cell cycle re‐entry and S‐phase arrest, autophagy, and degradation of RRM1, the human homologue of RNR1, and inhibiting autophagic degradation of RRM1 rescues cells from cell death. Our findings represent a model for aSyn toxicity that has important implications for understanding synucleinopathies and other age‐related neurodegenerative diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Belém Sampaio‐Marques
- School of Medicine, Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS) University of Minho Braga Portugal
- ICVS/3B’s ‐ PT Government Associate Laboratory Guimarães Portugal
| | - Ana Guedes
- School of Medicine, Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS) University of Minho Braga Portugal
- ICVS/3B’s ‐ PT Government Associate Laboratory Guimarães Portugal
| | - Igor Vasilevskiy
- School of Medicine, Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS) University of Minho Braga Portugal
- ICVS/3B’s ‐ PT Government Associate Laboratory Guimarães Portugal
| | - Susana Gonçalves
- Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, CEDOC – Chronic Diseases Research Center Universidade Nova de Lisboa Lisboa Portugal
| | - Tiago F. Outeiro
- Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, CEDOC – Chronic Diseases Research Center Universidade Nova de Lisboa Lisboa Portugal
- Department of Experimental Neurodegeneration, Center for Nanoscale Microscopy and Molecular Physiology of the Brain (CNMPB) University Medical Center Göttingen Göttingen Germany
- Center for Biostructural Imaging of Neurodegeneration Göttingen Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Experimental Medicine Göttingen Germany
| | | | - William C. Burhans
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology Roswell Park Cancer Institute Buffalo New York
| | - Paula Ludovico
- School of Medicine, Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS) University of Minho Braga Portugal
- ICVS/3B’s ‐ PT Government Associate Laboratory Guimarães Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Videira PAQ, Castro-Caldas M. Linking Glycation and Glycosylation With Inflammation and Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Parkinson's Disease. Front Neurosci 2018; 12:381. [PMID: 29930494 PMCID: PMC5999786 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2018.00381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Accepted: 05/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disorder, affecting about 6.3 million people worldwide. PD is characterized by the progressive degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the Substantia nigra pars compacta, resulting into severe motor symptoms. The cellular mechanisms underlying dopaminergic cell death in PD are still not fully understood, but mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress and inflammation are strongly implicated in the pathogenesis of both familial and sporadic PD cases. Aberrant post-translational modifications, namely glycation and glycosylation, together with age-dependent insufficient endogenous scavengers and quality control systems, lead to cellular overload of dysfunctional proteins. Such injuries accumulate with time and may lead to mitochondrial dysfunction and exacerbated inflammatory responses, culminating in neuronal cell death. Here, we will discuss how PD-linked protein mutations, aging, impaired quality control mechanisms and sugar metabolism lead to up-regulated abnormal post-translational modifications in proteins. Abnormal glycation and glycosylation seem to be more common than previously thought in PD and may underlie mitochondria-induced oxidative stress and inflammation in a feed-forward mechanism. Moreover, the stress-induced post-translational modifications that directly affect parkin and/or its substrates, deeply impairing its ability to regulate mitochondrial dynamics or to suppress inflammation will also be discussed. Together, these represent still unexplored deleterious mechanisms implicated in neurodegeneration in PD, which may be used for a more in-depth knowledge of the pathogenic mechanisms, or as biomarkers of the disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paula A Q Videira
- UCIBIO, Departamento Ciências da Vida, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Caparica, Portugal.,CDG & Allies - Professionals and Patient Associations International Network (CDG & Allies - PPAIN), Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Caparica, Portugal
| | - Margarida Castro-Caldas
- UCIBIO, Departamento Ciências da Vida, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Caparica, Portugal.,Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
(Poly)phenol-digested metabolites modulate alpha-synuclein toxicity by regulating proteostasis. Sci Rep 2018; 8:6965. [PMID: 29725038 PMCID: PMC5934470 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-25118-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2017] [Accepted: 04/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is an age-related neurodegenerative disease associated with the misfolding and aggregation of alpha-synuclein (aSyn). The molecular underpinnings of PD are still obscure, but nutrition may play an important role in the prevention, onset, and disease progression. Dietary (poly)phenols revert and prevent age-related cognitive decline and neurodegeneration in model systems. However, only limited attempts were made to evaluate the impact of digestion on the bioactivities of (poly)phenols and determine their mechanisms of action. This constitutes a challenge for the development of (poly)phenol-based nutritional therapies. Here, we subjected (poly)phenols from Arbutus unedo to in vitro digestion and tested the products in cell models of PD based on the cytotoxicity of aSyn. The (poly)phenol-digested metabolites from A. unedo leaves (LPDMs) effectively counteracted aSyn and H2O2 toxicity in yeast and human cells, improving viability by reducing aSyn aggregation and inducing its clearance. In addition, LPDMs modulated pathways associated with aSyn toxicity, such as oxidative stress, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, mitochondrial impairment, and SIR2 expression. Overall, LPDMs reduced aSyn toxicity, enhanced the efficiency of ER-associated protein degradation by the proteasome and autophagy, and reduced oxidative stress. In total, our study opens novel avenues for the exploitation of (poly)phenols in nutrition and health.
Collapse
|
11
|
Macedo D, Bertolin TE, Oro T, Backes LTH, Brás IC, Santos CN, Tenreiro S, Outeiro TF. Phycocyanin protects against Alpha-Synuclein toxicity in yeast. J Funct Foods 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2017.09.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
|
12
|
Tauroursodeoxycholic Acid Protects Against Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Cell Death via Mitophagy in Human Neuroblastoma Cells. Mol Neurobiol 2016; 54:6107-6119. [PMID: 27699602 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-016-0145-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2016] [Accepted: 09/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction has been deeply implicated in the pathogenesis of several neurodegenerative diseases. Thus, to keep a healthy mitochondrial population, a balanced mitochondrial turnover must be achieved. Tauroursodeoxycholic acid (TUDCA) is neuroprotective in various neurodegenerative disease models; however, the mechanisms involved are still incompletely characterized. In this study, we investigated the neuroprotective role of TUDCA against mitochondrial damage triggered by the mitochondrial uncoupler carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophelyhydrazone (CCCP). Herein, we show that TUDCA significantly prevents CCCP-induced cell death, ROS generation, and mitochondrial damage. Our results indicate that the neuroprotective role of TUDCA in this cell model is mediated by parkin and depends on mitophagy. The demonstration that pharmacological up-regulation of mitophagy by TUDCA prevents neurodegeneration provides new insights for the use of TUDCA as a modulator of mitochondrial activity and turnover, with implications in neurodegenerative diseases.
Collapse
|
13
|
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In this work, we evaluated the association of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and methamphetamine (METH) use with mitochondrial injury in the brain and its implication on neurocognitive impairment. DESIGN Mitochondria carry their genome (mtDNA) and play a critical role in cellular processes in the central nervous system. METH is commonly used in HIV-infected populations. HIV infection and METH use can cause damage to mtDNA and lead to neurocognitive morbidity. We evaluated HIV infection and METH use with mitochondrial injury in the brain. METHODS We obtained white and gray matter from Brodmann areas 7, 8, 9, 46 of the following: HIV-infected individuals with history of past METH use (HIV+METH+, n = 16), HIV-infected individuals with no history of past METH use (HIV+METH-, n = 11), and HIV-negative controls (HIV-METH-, n = 30). We used the 'common deletion', a 4977 bp mutation, as a measurement of mitochondrial injury, and quantified levels of mtDNA and 'common deletion' by droplet digital PCR, and evaluated in relation to neurocognitive functioning [Global Deficit Score (GDS)]. RESULTS Levels of mtDNA and mitochondrial injury were highest in white matter of Brodmann area 46. A higher relative proportion of mtDNA carrying the 'common deletion' was associated with lower GDS (P < 0.01) in HIV+METH+ but higher GDS (P < 0.01) in HIV+METH-. CONCLUSIONS Increased mitochondrial injury was associated with worse neurocognitive function in HIV+METH- individuals. Among HIV+METH+ individuals, an opposite effect was seen.
Collapse
|
14
|
Wang L, Guo L, Lu L, Sun H, Shao M, Beck SJ, Li L, Ramachandran J, Du Y, Du H. Synaptosomal Mitochondrial Dysfunction in 5xFAD Mouse Model of Alzheimer's Disease. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0150441. [PMID: 26942905 PMCID: PMC4778903 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0150441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2015] [Accepted: 02/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Brain mitochondrial dysfunction is hallmark pathology of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Recently, the role of synaptosomal mitochondrial dysfunction in the development of synaptic injury in AD has received increasing attention. Synaptosomal mitochondria are a subgroup of neuronal mitochondria specifically locating at synapses. They play an essential role in fueling synaptic functions by providing energy on the site; and their defects may lead to synaptic failure, which is an early and pronounced pathology in AD. In our previous studies we have determined early synaptosomal mitochondrial dysfunction in an AD animal model (J20 line) overexpressing human Amyloid beta (Aβ), the key mediator of AD. In view of the limitations of J20 line mice in representing the full aspects of amyloidopathy in AD cases, we employed 5xFAD mice which are thought to be a desirable paradigm of amyloidopathy as seen in AD subjects. In addition, we have also examined the status of synaptosomal mitochondrial dynamics as well as Parkin-mediated mitophagy which have not been previously investigated in this mouse model. In comparison to nontransgenic (nonTg mice), 5xFAD mice demonstrated prominent synaptosomal mitochondrial dysfunction. Moreover, synaptosomal mitochondria from the AD mouse model displayed imbalanced mitochondrial dynamics towards fission along with activated Parkin and LC3BII recruitment correlating to spatial learning & memory impairments in 5xFAD mice in an age-dependent manner. These results suggest that synaptosomal mitochondrial deficits are primary pathology in Aβ-rich environments and further confirm the relevance of synaptosomal mitochondrial deficits to the development of AD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lu Wang
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, United States of America, 75080
- Shandong University, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Jinan, Shandong Province, China, 250100
| | - Lan Guo
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, United States of America, 75080
| | - Lin Lu
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, United States of America, 75080
- Shandong University, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Jinan, Shandong Province, China, 250100
| | - Huili Sun
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, United States of America, 75080
- Shenzhen Traditional Medicine Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China, 518031
| | - Muming Shao
- Shenzhen Traditional Medicine Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China, 518031
| | - Simon J. Beck
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, United States of America, 75080
| | - Lin Li
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, United States of America, 75080
| | - Janani Ramachandran
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, United States of America, 75080
| | - Yifeng Du
- Shandong University, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Jinan, Shandong Province, China, 250100
| | - Heng Du
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, United States of America, 75080
- Shandong University, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Jinan, Shandong Province, China, 250100
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Berezhnov AV, Soutar MPM, Fedotova EI, Frolova MS, Plun-Favreau H, Zinchenko VP, Abramov AY. Intracellular pH Modulates Autophagy and Mitophagy. J Biol Chem 2016; 291:8701-8. [PMID: 26893374 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.691774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The specific autophagic elimination of mitochondria (mitophagy) plays the role of quality control for this organelle. Deregulation of mitophagy leads to an increased number of damaged mitochondria and triggers cell death. The deterioration of mitophagy has been hypothesized to underlie the pathogenesis of several neurodegenerative diseases, most notably Parkinson disease. Although some of the biochemical and molecular mechanisms of mitochondrial quality control are described in detail, physiological or pathological triggers of mitophagy are still not fully characterized. Here we show that the induction of mitophagy by the mitochondrial uncoupler FCCP is independent of the effect of mitochondrial membrane potential but dependent on acidification of the cytosol by FCCP. The ionophore nigericin also reduces cytosolic pH and induces PINK1/PARKIN-dependent and -independent mitophagy. The increase of intracellular pH with monensin suppresses the effects of FCCP and nigericin on mitochondrial degradation. Thus, a change in intracellular pH is a regulator of mitochondrial quality control.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexey V Berezhnov
- From the Department of Intracellular Signaling, Institute of Cell Biophysics Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Moscow Region, 142290 Russian Federation and
| | - Marc P M Soutar
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London WC1N 3BG, United Kingdom
| | - Evgeniya I Fedotova
- From the Department of Intracellular Signaling, Institute of Cell Biophysics Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Moscow Region, 142290 Russian Federation and
| | - Maria S Frolova
- From the Department of Intracellular Signaling, Institute of Cell Biophysics Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Moscow Region, 142290 Russian Federation and
| | - Helene Plun-Favreau
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London WC1N 3BG, United Kingdom
| | - Valery P Zinchenko
- From the Department of Intracellular Signaling, Institute of Cell Biophysics Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Moscow Region, 142290 Russian Federation and
| | - Andrey Y Abramov
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London WC1N 3BG, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Abstract
Ischemic heart disease (IHD) is the leading cause of death and disability worldwide. Therefore, novel therapeutic targets for protecting the heart against acute ischemia/reperfusion injury (IRI) are required to attenuate cardiomyocyte death, preserve myocardial function, and prevent the onset of heart failure. In this regard, a specific group of mitochondrial proteins, which have been linked to familial forms of Parkinson's disease (PD), may provide novel therapeutic targets for cardioprotection. In dopaminergic neurons of the substantia nigra, these PD proteins, which include Parkin, PINK1, DJ-1, LRRK2, and α-synuclein, play essential roles in preventing cell death-through maintaining normal mitochondrial function, protecting against oxidative stress, mediating mitophagy, and preventing apoptosis. These rare familial forms of PD may therefore provide important insights into the pathophysiology underlying mitochondrial dysfunction and the development of PD. Interestingly, these PD proteins are also present in the heart, but their role in myocardial health and disease is not clear. In this article, we review the role of these PD proteins in the heart and explore their potential as novel mitochondrial targets for cardioprotection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Uma A Mukherjee
- The Hatter Cardiovascular Institute, Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London, UK
| | - Sang-Bing Ong
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-National University of Singapore, Singapore; National Heart Research Institute Singapore, National Heart Centre Singapore, Singapore
| | - Sang-Ging Ong
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, CA, USA
| | - Derek J Hausenloy
- The Hatter Cardiovascular Institute, Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London, UK; Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-National University of Singapore, Singapore; National Heart Research Institute Singapore, National Heart Centre Singapore, Singapore; The National Institute of Health Research University College London Hospitals Biomedical Research Centre, London, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Büttner S, Broeskamp F, Sommer C, Markaki M, Habernig L, Alavian-Ghavanini A, Carmona-Gutierrez D, Eisenberg T, Michael E, Kroemer G, Tavernarakis N, Sigrist SJ, Madeo F. Spermidine protects against α-synuclein neurotoxicity. Cell Cycle 2015; 13:3903-8. [PMID: 25483063 PMCID: PMC4614020 DOI: 10.4161/15384101.2014.973309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
As our society ages, neurodegenerative disorders like Parkinson`s disease (PD) are increasing in pandemic proportions. While mechanistic understanding of PD is advancing, a treatment with well tolerable drugs is still elusive. Here, we show that administration of the naturally occurring polyamine spermidine, which declines continuously during aging in various species, alleviates a series of PD-related degenerative processes in the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster and the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans, two established model systems for PD pathology. In the fruit fly, simple feeding with spermidine inhibited loss of climbing activity and early organismal death upon heterologous expression of human α-synuclein, which is thought to be the principal toxic trigger of PD. In this line, administration of spermidine rescued α-synuclein-induced loss of dopaminergic neurons, a hallmark of PD, in nematodes. Alleviation of PD-related neurodegeneration by spermidine was accompanied by induction of autophagy, suggesting that this cytoprotective process may be responsible for the beneficial effects of spermidine administration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Büttner
- a Institute of Molecular Biosciences ; University of Graz ; Graz , Austria
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Abstract
α-Synuclein inclusion bodies are a pathological hallmark of several neurodegenerative diseases, including Parkinson’s disease, and contain aggregated α-synuclein and a variety of recruited factors, including protein chaperones, proteasome components, ubiquitin and the small ubiquitin-like modifier, SUMO-1. Cell culture and animal model studies suggest that misfolded, aggregated α-synuclein is actively translocated via the cytoskeletal system to a region of the cell where other factors that help to lessen the toxic effects can also be recruited. SUMO-1 covalently conjugates to various intracellular target proteins in a way analogous to ubiquitination to alter cellular distribution, function and metabolism and also plays an important role in a growing list of cellular pathways, including exosome secretion and apoptosis. Furthermore, SUMO-1 modified proteins have recently been linked to cell stress responses, such as oxidative stress response and heat shock response, with increased SUMOylation being neuroprotective in some cases. Several recent studies have linked SUMOylation to the ubiquitin-proteasome system, while other evidence implicates the lysosomal pathway. Other reports depict a direct mechanism whereby sumoylation reduced the aggregation tendency of α-synuclein, and reduced the toxicity. However, the precise role of SUMO-1 in neurodegeneration remains unclear. In this review, we explore the potential direct or indirect role(s) of SUMO-1 in the cellular response to misfolded α-synuclein in neurodegenerative disorders.
Collapse
|
19
|
Tenreiro S, Reimão-Pinto MM, Antas P, Rino J, Wawrzycka D, Macedo D, Rosado-Ramos R, Amen T, Waiss M, Magalhães F, Gomes A, Santos CN, Kaganovich D, Outeiro TF. Phosphorylation modulates clearance of alpha-synuclein inclusions in a yeast model of Parkinson's disease. PLoS Genet 2014; 10:e1004302. [PMID: 24810576 PMCID: PMC4014446 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1004302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2013] [Accepted: 02/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Alpha-synuclein (aSyn) is the main component of proteinaceous inclusions known as Lewy bodies (LBs), the typical pathological hallmark of Parkinson's disease (PD) and other synucleinopathies. Although aSyn is phosphorylated at low levels under physiological conditions, it is estimated that ∼90% of aSyn in LBs is phosphorylated at S129 (pS129). Nevertheless, the significance of pS129 in the biology of aSyn and in PD pathogenesis is still controversial. Here, we harnessed the power of budding yeast in order to assess the implications of phosphorylation on aSyn cytotoxicity, aggregation and sub-cellular distribution. We found that aSyn is phosphorylated on S129 by endogenous kinases. Interestingly, phosphorylation reduced aSyn toxicity and the percentage of cells with cytosolic inclusions, in comparison to cells expressing mutant forms of aSyn (S129A or S129G) that mimic the unphosphorylated form of aSyn. Using high-resolution 4D imaging and fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP) in live cells, we compared the dynamics of WT and S129A mutant aSyn. While WT aSyn inclusions were very homogeneous, inclusions formed by S129A aSyn were larger and showed FRAP heterogeneity. Upon blockade of aSyn expression, cells were able to clear the inclusions formed by WT aSyn. However, this process was much slower for the inclusions formed by S129A aSyn. Interestingly, whereas the accumulation of WT aSyn led to a marked induction of autophagy, cells expressing the S129A mutant failed to activate this protein quality control pathway. The finding that the phosphorylation state of aSyn on S129 can alter the ability of cells to clear aSyn inclusions provides important insight into the role that this posttranslational modification may have in the pathogenesis of PD and other synucleinopathies, opening novel avenues for investigating the molecular basis of these disorders and for the development of therapeutic strategies. Protein aggregation is a common hallmark in neurodegenerative disorders, but is also associated with phenotypic plasticity in a variety of organisms, including yeasts. Alpha-synuclein (aSyn) forms aggregates that are typical of synucleinopathies, and is phosphorylated at S129, but the significance of phosphorylation in the biology and pathophysiology of the protein is still controversial. Exploring the power of budding yeast, we found phosphorylation reduced aSyn toxicity and inclusion formation. While inclusions formed by WT aSyn were homogeneous, those formed by S129A aSyn were larger and heterogeneous. Interestingly, clearance of aSyn inclusions was reduced in cells expressing S129A aSyn, correlating with deficient autophagy activation. The finding that phosphorylation alters the ability of cells to clear aSyn inclusions provides novel insight into the role phosphorylation may have in synucleinopathies, and suggests posttranslational modifications might constitute switches cells use to control the aggregation and clearance of key proteins, opening novel avenues for the development of therapeutic strategies for these devastating disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Tenreiro
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
- * E-mail: (ST); (TFO)
| | - Madalena M. Reimão-Pinto
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Pedro Antas
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - José Rino
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Donata Wawrzycka
- Department of Genetics and Cell Physiology, Institute of Experimental Biology, University of Wroclaw, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Diana Macedo
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Rita Rosado-Ramos
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Triana Amen
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Alexander Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Meytal Waiss
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Alexander Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Filipa Magalhães
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Andreia Gomes
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Oeiras, Portugal
- Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Cláudia N. Santos
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Oeiras, Portugal
- Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Daniel Kaganovich
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Alexander Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Tiago Fleming Outeiro
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
- Instituto de Fisiologia, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
- Department of NeuroDegeneration and Restorative Research, Center for Nanoscale Microscopy and Molecular Physiology of the Brain, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- * E-mail: (ST); (TFO)
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Li W, Zhang X, Zhuang H, Chen HG, Chen Y, Tian W, Wu W, Li Y, Wang S, Zhang L, Chen Y, Li L, Zhao B, Sui S, Hu Z, Feng D. MicroRNA-137 is a novel hypoxia-responsive microRNA that inhibits mitophagy via regulation of two mitophagy receptors FUNDC1 and NIX. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:10691-10701. [PMID: 24573672 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.537050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitophagy receptors mediate the selective recognition and targeting of damaged mitochondria by autophagosomes. The mechanism for the regulation of these receptors remains unknown. Here, we demonstrated that a novel hypoxia-responsive microRNA, microRNA-137 (miR-137), markedly inhibits mitochondrial degradation by autophagy without affecting global autophagy. miR-137 targets the expression of two mitophagy receptors NIX and FUNDC1. Impaired mitophagy in response to hypoxia caused by miR-137 is reversed by re-expression of FUNDC1 and NIX expression vectors lacking the miR-137 recognition sites at their 3' UTR. Conversely, miR-137 also suppresses the mitophagy induced by fundc1 (CDS+3'UTR) but not fundc1 (CDS) overexpression. Finally, we found that miR-137 inhibits mitophagy by reducing the expression of the mitophagy receptor thereby leads to inadequate interaction between mitophagy receptor and LC3. Our results demonstrated the regulatory role of miRNA to mitophagy receptors and revealed a novel link between miR-137 and mitophagy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wen Li
- Institute of Neurology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Age-related Cardiac-cerebral Vascular Disease, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical College, Zhanjiang 524001, Guangdong
| | - Xingli Zhang
- Institute of Neurology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Age-related Cardiac-cerebral Vascular Disease, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical College, Zhanjiang 524001, Guangdong
| | - Haixia Zhuang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical College, Zhanjiang 524001, Guangdong
| | - He-Ge Chen
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical College, Zhanjiang 524001, Guangdong
| | - Yinqin Chen
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical College, Zhanjiang 524001, Guangdong
| | - Weili Tian
- Institute of Neurology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Age-related Cardiac-cerebral Vascular Disease, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical College, Zhanjiang 524001, Guangdong
| | - Wenxian Wu
- Institute of Neurology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Age-related Cardiac-cerebral Vascular Disease, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical College, Zhanjiang 524001, Guangdong
| | - Ying Li
- Cell Biology Core Facility, Center for Biomedical Analysis, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084
| | - Sijie Wang
- Department of Clinic Research Center, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical College, Zhanjiang 524001, Guangdong
| | - Liangqing Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical College, Zhanjiang 524001, Guangdong
| | - Yusen Chen
- Institute of Neurology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Age-related Cardiac-cerebral Vascular Disease, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical College, Zhanjiang 524001, Guangdong
| | - Longxuan Li
- Institute of Neurology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Age-related Cardiac-cerebral Vascular Disease, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical College, Zhanjiang 524001, Guangdong; Department of Neurology, Gongli Hospital, Pudong New Area, Shanghai 200135
| | - Bin Zhao
- Institute of Neurology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Age-related Cardiac-cerebral Vascular Disease, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical College, Zhanjiang 524001, Guangdong
| | - Senfang Sui
- State Key Laboratory of Biomembrane and Membrane Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Zhe Hu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical College, Zhanjiang 524001, Guangdong.
| | - Du Feng
- Institute of Neurology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Age-related Cardiac-cerebral Vascular Disease, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical College, Zhanjiang 524001, Guangdong.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Benavides GA, Liang Q, Dodson M, Darley-Usmar V, Zhang J. Inhibition of autophagy and glycolysis by nitric oxide during hypoxia-reoxygenation impairs cellular bioenergetics and promotes cell death in primary neurons. Free Radic Biol Med 2013; 65:1215-1228. [PMID: 24056030 PMCID: PMC3859859 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2013.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2013] [Revised: 08/28/2013] [Accepted: 09/11/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Excessive nitric oxide (NO) production is known to damage mitochondrial proteins and the autophagy repair pathway and so can potentially contribute to neurotoxicity. Accordingly, we hypothesized that protection against protein damage from reactive oxygen and nitrogen species under conditions of low oxygen by the autophagy pathway in neurons would be impaired by NO and enhance bioenergetic dysfunction. Rat primary cortical neurons had the same basal cellular respiration in hypoxia as in normoxia, whereas NO-exposed cells exhibited a gradual decrease in mitochondrial respiration in hypoxia. Upon reoxygenation, the respiration in NO-treated cells did not recover to prehypoxic levels. Hypoxia-reoxygenation in the presence of NO was associated with inhibition of autophagy, and the inability to recover during reoxygenation was exacerbated by an inhibitor of autophagy, 3-methyladenine. The effects of hypoxia could be recapitulated by inhibiting glycolytic flux under normoxic conditions. Under both normoxic and hypoxic conditions NO exposure induced immediate stimulation of glycolysis, but prolonged NO exposure, associated with irreversible inhibition of mitochondrial respiration in hypoxia, inhibited glycolysis. Importantly, we found that NO inhibited basal respiration under normoxic conditions only when glucose was absent from the medium or glycolysis was inhibited by 2-deoxy-d-glucose, revealing a novel NO-dependent mechanism for the inhibition of mitochondrial respiration that is modulated by glycolysis. Taken together these data suggest an oxygen-dependent interaction between mitochondrial respiration, glycolysis, and autophagy in protecting neuronal cells exposed to NO. Importantly, they indicate that mitochondrial dysfunction is intimately linked to a failure of glycolytic flux induced by exposure to NO. In addition, these studies provide new insights into the understanding of how autophagy and NO may play interactive roles in neuroinflammation-induced cellular damage, which is pertinent to our understanding of the pathology of neurodegenerative diseases in which excessive NO is generated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gloria A Benavides
- Center for Free Radical Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294-0017, USA; Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294-0017, USA
| | - Qiuli Liang
- Center for Free Radical Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294-0017, USA; Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294-0017, USA
| | - Matthew Dodson
- Center for Free Radical Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294-0017, USA; Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294-0017, USA
| | - Victor Darley-Usmar
- Center for Free Radical Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294-0017, USA; Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294-0017, USA
| | - Jianhua Zhang
- Center for Free Radical Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294-0017, USA; Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294-0017, USA; Department of Veterans Affairs, Birmingham VA Medical Center, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Verma M, Steer EK, Chu CT. ERKed by LRRK2: a cell biological perspective on hereditary and sporadic Parkinson's disease. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2013; 1842:1273-81. [PMID: 24225420 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2013.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2013] [Revised: 10/14/2013] [Accepted: 11/03/2013] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The leucine rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2/dardarin) is implicated in autosomal dominant familial and sporadic Parkinson's disease (PD); mutations in LRRK2 account for up to 40% of PD cases in some populations. LRRK2 is a large protein with a kinase domain, a GTPase domain, and multiple potential protein interaction domains. As such, delineating the functional pathways for LRRK2 and mechanisms by which PD-linked variants contribute to age-related neurodegeneration could result in pharmaceutically tractable therapies. A growing number of recent studies implicate dysregulation of mitogen activated protein kinases 3 and 1 (also known as ERK1/2) as possible downstream mediators of mutant LRRK2 effects. As these master regulators of growth, differentiation, neuronal plasticity and cell survival have also been implicated in other PD models, a set of common cell biological pathways may contribute to neuronal susceptibility in PD. Here, we review the literature on several major cellular pathways impacted by LRRK2 mutations--autophagy, microtubule/cytoskeletal dynamics, and protein synthesis--in context of potential signaling crosstalk involving the ERK1/2 and Wnt signaling pathways. Emerging implications for calcium homeostasis, mitochondrial biology and synaptic dysregulation are discussed in relation to LRRK2 interactions with other PD gene products. It has been shown that substantia nigra neurons in human PD and Lewy body dementia patients exhibit cytoplasmic accumulations of ERK1/2 in mitochondria, autophagosomes and bundles of intracellular fibrils. Both experimental and human tissue data implicate pathogenic changes in ERK1/2 signaling in sporadic, toxin-based and mutant LRRK2 settings, suggesting engagement of common cell biological pathways by divergent PD etiologies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Manish Verma
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Erin K Steer
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Charleen T Chu
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Dagda RK, Das Banerjee T, Janda E. How Parkinsonian toxins dysregulate the autophagy machinery. Int J Mol Sci 2013; 14:22163-89. [PMID: 24217228 PMCID: PMC3856058 DOI: 10.3390/ijms141122163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2013] [Revised: 10/28/2013] [Accepted: 10/28/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Since their discovery, Parkinsonian toxins (6-hydroxydopamine, MPP+, paraquat, and rotenone) have been widely employed as in vivo and in vitro chemical models of Parkinson's disease (PD). Alterations in mitochondrial homeostasis, protein quality control pathways, and more recently, autophagy/mitophagy have been implicated in neurotoxin models of PD. Here, we highlight the molecular mechanisms by which different PD toxins dysregulate autophagy/mitophagy and how alterations of these pathways play beneficial or detrimental roles in dopamine neurons. The convergent and divergent effects of PD toxins on mitochondrial function and autophagy/mitophagy are also discussed in this review. Furthermore, we propose new diagnostic tools and discuss how pharmacological modulators of autophagy/mitophagy can be developed as disease-modifying treatments for PD. Finally, we discuss the critical need to identify endogenous and synthetic forms of PD toxins and develop efficient health preventive programs to mitigate the risk of developing PD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ruben K. Dagda
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Nevada School of Medicine, Manville Building 18A, Reno, NV 89557, USA; E-Mail:
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ; Tel.: +1-775-784-4121; Fax: +1-775-784-1620
| | - Tania Das Banerjee
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Nevada School of Medicine, Manville Building 18A, Reno, NV 89557, USA; E-Mail:
| | - Elzbieta Janda
- Department of Health Sciences, Magna Graecia University, Campus Germaneto, 88100 Cantazaro, Italy; E-Mail:
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Cherra SJ, Steer E, Gusdon AM, Kiselyov K, Chu CT. Mutant LRRK2 elicits calcium imbalance and depletion of dendritic mitochondria in neurons. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2012; 182:474-84. [PMID: 23231918 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2012.10.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2012] [Revised: 09/11/2012] [Accepted: 10/15/2012] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Mutations in the leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) have been associated with familial and sporadic cases of Parkinson disease. Mutant LRRK2 causes in vitro and in vivo neurite shortening, mediated in part by autophagy, and a parkinsonian phenotype in transgenic mice; however, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Because mitochondrial content/function is essential for dendritic morphogenesis and maintenance, we investigated whether mutant LRRK2 affects mitochondrial homeostasis in neurons. Mouse cortical neurons expressing either LRRK2 G2019S or R1441C mutations exhibited autophagic degradation of mitochondria and dendrite shortening. In addition, mutant LRRK2 altered the ability of the neurons to buffer intracellular calcium levels. Either calcium chelators or inhibitors of voltage-gated L-type calcium channels prevented mitochondrial degradation and dendrite shortening. These data suggest that mutant LRRK2 causes a deficit in calcium homeostasis, leading to enhanced mitophagy and dendrite shortening.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Salvatore J Cherra
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Sampaio-Marques B, Felgueiras C, Silva A, Rodrigues M, Tenreiro S, Franssens V, Reichert AS, Outeiro TF, Winderickx J, Ludovico P. SNCA (α-synuclein)-induced toxicity in yeast cells is dependent on sirtuin 2 (Sir2)-mediated mitophagy. Autophagy 2012; 8:1494-509. [PMID: 22914317 DOI: 10.4161/auto.21275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
SNCA (α-synuclein) misfolding and aggregation is strongly associated with both idiopathic and familial forms of Parkinson disease (PD). Evidence suggests that SNCA has an impact on cell clearance routes and protein quality control systems such as the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) and autophagy. Recent advances in the key role of the autosomal recessive PARK2/PARKIN and PINK1 genes in mitophagy, highlighted this process as a prominent new pathogenic mechanism. Nevertheless, the role of autophagy/mitophagy in the pathogenesis of sporadic and autosomal dominant familial forms of PD is still enigmatic. The yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae is a powerful "empty room" model that has been exploited to clarify different molecular aspects associated with SNCA toxicity, which combines the advantage of being an established system for aging research. The contribution of autophagy/mitophagy for the toxicity induced by the heterologous expression of the human wild-type SNCA gene and the clinical A53T mutant during yeast chronological life span (CLS) was explored. A reduced CLS together with an increase of autophagy and mitophagy activities were observed in cells expressing both forms of SNCA. Impairment of mitophagy by deletion of ATG11 or ATG32 resulted in a CLS extension, further implicating mitophagy in the SNCA toxicity. Deletion of SIR2, essential for SNCA toxicity, abolished autophagy and mitophagy, thereby rescuing cells. These data show that Sir2 functions as a regulator of autophagy, like its mammalian homolog, SIRT1, but also of mitophagy. Our work highlights that increased mitophagy activity, mediated by the regulation of ATG32 by Sir2, is an important phenomenon linked to SNCA-induced toxicity during aging.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Belém Sampaio-Marques
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Health Sciences, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Abstract
Parkinson's disease is a debilitating disorder characterized by a progressive loss of dopaminergic neurons caused by programmed cell death. The aim of this review is to provide an up-to-date summary of the major programmed cell death pathways as they relate to PD. For a long time, programmed cell death has been synonymous with apoptosis but there now is evidence that other types of programmed cell death exist, such as autophagic cell death or programmed necrosis, and that these types of cell death are relevant to PD. The pathways and signals covered here include namely the death receptors, BCL-2 family, caspases, calpains, cdk5, p53, PARP-1, autophagy, mitophagy, mitochondrial fragmentation, and parthanatos. The review will present evidence from postmortem PD studies, toxin-induced models (especially MPTP/MPP+, 6-hydroxydopamine and rotenone), and from α-synuclein, LRRK2, Parkin, DJ-1, and PINK1 genetic models of PD, both in vitro and in vivo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katerina Venderova
- University of the Pacific, Thomas J. Long School of Pharmacy, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Stockton, CA 95211, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Maekawa T, Mori S, Sasaki Y, Miyajima T, Azuma S, Ohta E, Obata F. The I2020T Leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 transgenic mouse exhibits impaired locomotive ability accompanied by dopaminergic neuron abnormalities. Mol Neurodegener 2012; 7:15. [PMID: 22534020 PMCID: PMC3467184 DOI: 10.1186/1750-1326-7-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2011] [Accepted: 04/16/2012] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) is the gene responsible for autosomal-dominant Parkinson’s disease (PD), PARK8, but the mechanism by which LRRK2 mutations cause neuronal dysfunction remains unknown. In the present study, we investigated for the first time a transgenic (TG) mouse strain expressing human LRRK2 with an I2020T mutation in the kinase domain, which had been detected in the patients of the original PARK8 family. Results The TG mouse expressed I2020T LRRK2 in dopaminergic (DA) neurons of the substantia nigra, ventral tegmental area, and olfactory bulb. In both the beam test and rotarod test, the TG mice exhibited impaired locomotive ability in comparison with their non-transgenic (NTG) littermates. Although there was no obvious loss of DA neurons in either the substantia nigra or striatum, the TG brain showed several neurological abnormalities such as a reduced striatal dopamine content, fragmentation of the Golgi apparatus in DA neurons, and an increased degree of microtubule polymerization. Furthermore, the tyrosine hydroxylase-positive primary neurons derived from the TG mouse showed an increased frequency of apoptosis and had neurites with fewer branches and decreased outgrowth in comparison with those derived from the NTG controls. Conclusions The I2020T LRRK2 TG mouse exhibited impaired locomotive ability accompanied by several dopaminergic neuron abnormalities. The TG mouse should provide valuable clues to the etiology of PD caused by the LRRK2 mutation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tatsunori Maekawa
- Division of Clinical Immunology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kitasato University, 1-15-1 Kitasato, Minami-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-0373, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|