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Dutra RT, Bensenor IM, Goulart AC, Pereira AC, Lotufo PA, Santos IS. Carotid intima-media thickness and incident hypertension: the Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Adult Health. J Hypertens 2024; 42:129-135. [PMID: 37728130 DOI: 10.1097/hjh.0000000000003567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND High blood pressure (BP) increases carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT). On the other hand, it is not clear whether the vascular abnormalities reflected in high CIMT may predict incident hypertension. The present study aims to investigate the association between CIMT and incident hypertension after 4 years of follow-up in the Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Adult Health (ELSA-Brasil), a multiethnic sample of middle-aged adults from six Brazilian cities. METHODS We analyzed data from 6682 ELSA-Brasil participants (aged 35-74) without hypertension and with complete CIMT data at baseline. After 4 years of follow-up, we describe hypertension incidence, stratifying the sample according to age, sex, and race-specific CIMT quartiles. We also built crude and adjusted Poisson regression models to analyze the association between mean and maximal CIMT values and incident hypertension. RESULTS We found incident hypertension in 987 (14.8%) participants. According to mean CIMT quartile groups, hypertension incidence varied from 10.2% (first quartile group) to 22.4% (fourth quartile group; P for trend <0.001). In fully adjusted models, 0.1 mm increments in mean CIMT values were associated with a 16% [relative risk (RR):1.16; 95% confidence interval (95% CI) 1.10-1.21; P < 0.001] higher risk of incident hypertension, respectively. Results were similar when maximal CIMT values were considered instead of mean CIMT values. CONCLUSION CIMT values at baseline strongly predicted incident hypertension after 4 years of follow-up in this large multiethnic cohort. This highlights the relationship between CIMT and BP and may provide important insights into the significance of this ultrasound measurement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robertson T Dutra
- Centro de Pesquisa Clínica e Epidemiológica do Hospital Universitário
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Médicas
| | - Isabela M Bensenor
- Centro de Pesquisa Clínica e Epidemiológica do Hospital Universitário
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Médicas
- Departamento de Clínica Médica
| | - Alessandra C Goulart
- Centro de Pesquisa Clínica e Epidemiológica do Hospital Universitário
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Médicas
| | - Alexandre C Pereira
- Laboratório de Genética e Cardiologia Molecular do Instituto do Coração do Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Paulo A Lotufo
- Centro de Pesquisa Clínica e Epidemiológica do Hospital Universitário
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Médicas
- Departamento de Clínica Médica
| | - Itamar S Santos
- Centro de Pesquisa Clínica e Epidemiológica do Hospital Universitário
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Médicas
- Departamento de Clínica Médica
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Belhoul-Fakir H, Brown ML, Thompson PL, Hamzah J, Jansen S. Connecting the Dots: How Injury in the Arterial Wall Contributes to Atherosclerotic Disease. Clin Ther 2023; 45:1092-1098. [PMID: 37891144 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinthera.2023.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The occurrence and development of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, which can result in severe outcomes, such as myocardial infarction, stroke, loss of limb, renal failure, and infarction of the gut, are strongly associated with injury to the intimal component of the arterial wall whether via the inside-out or outside-in pathways. The role of injury to the tunica media as a pathway of atherosclerosis initiation is an underresearched area. This review focuses on potential pathways to vessel wall injury as well as current experimental and clinical research in the middle-aged and elderly populations, including the role of exercise, as it relates to injury to the tunica media. METHODS A database search using PubMed and Google Scholar was conducted for research articles published between 1909 and 2023 that focused on pathways of atherogenesis and the impact of mechanical forces on wall injury. The following key words were searched: wall injury, tunica media, atherogenesis, vascular aging, and wall strain. Studies were analyzed, and the relevant information was extracted from each study. FINDINGS A link between high mechanical stress in the arterial wall and reduced vascular compliance was found. The stiffening and calcification of the arterial wall with aging induce high blood pressure and pulse pressure, thereby causing incident hypertension and cardiovascular disease. In turn, prolonged high mechanical stress, particularly wall strain, applied to the arterial wall during vigorous exercise, results in stiffening and calcification of tunica media, accelerated arterial aging, and cardiovascular disease events. In both scenarios, the tunica media is the primary target of mechanical stress and the first to respond to hemodynamic changes. The cyclical nature of these impacts confounds the results of each because they are not mutually exclusive. IMPLICATIONS The role of stress in the tunica media appears to be overlooked despite its relevance, and further research into new primary preventive therapies is needed aside from cautioning the role of vigorous exercise in the elderly population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanane Belhoul-Fakir
- Curtin Medical School, Curtin University, Bentley, Perth, Western Australia, Australia; Targeted Drug Delivery, Imaging & Therapy, Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, QEII Medical Centre, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia; Heart & Vascular Research Institute, Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, QEII Medical Centre, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia.
| | - Michael Lawrence Brown
- School of Population Health, Curtin University, Bently, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Peter L Thompson
- Heart & Vascular Research Institute, Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, QEII Medical Centre, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Juliana Hamzah
- Curtin Medical School, Curtin University, Bentley, Perth, Western Australia, Australia; Targeted Drug Delivery, Imaging & Therapy, Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, QEII Medical Centre, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia; Heart & Vascular Research Institute, Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, QEII Medical Centre, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Shirley Jansen
- Curtin Medical School, Curtin University, Bentley, Perth, Western Australia, Australia; Targeted Drug Delivery, Imaging & Therapy, Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, QEII Medical Centre, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia; Heart & Vascular Research Institute, Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, QEII Medical Centre, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia; Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.
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Åström Malm I, De Basso R, Blomstrand P, Wågsäter D. Association of IL-10 and CRP with Pulse Wave Velocity in Patients with Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11051182. [PMID: 35268272 PMCID: PMC8911398 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11051182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Revised: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Markers of inflammation and arterial stiffness are predictors of cardiovascular morbidity and events, but their roles in the mechanisms and progression of abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) in males have not been fully investigated. This study explored possible associations between inflammatory marker levels and arterial stiffness in males with AAA. Methods: A total of 270 males (191 AAA and 79 controls) were included in the study. Arterial stiffness was assessed using non-invasive applanation tonometry to measure the regional pulse wave velocity between the carotid and femoral arteries and the carotid and radial arteries. Blood samples were obtained, and interleukin-10 (IL-10) and CRP levels were analysed. Results: Subjects with an AAA had higher levels of IL-10 (21.5 ± 14.0 ng/mL versus 16.6 ± 9.3 ng/mL) compared to controls (p = 0.007). In the AAA cohort, subjects with T2DM showed higher levels of IL-10 (26.4 ± 17.3 versus 20.4 ± 13.0, p = 0.036). We observed a positive correlation between PWVcf and CRP in the control group (r = 0.332) but not the AAA group. PWVcf and CRP were negatively correlated (r = 0.571) in the T2DM subjects treated with metformin in the AAA group. Conclusion: Arterial stiffness is related to the degree of inflammation reflected by CRP and IL-10 levels in males with an AAA. IL-10 is negatively correlated with arterial stiffness in these subjects. This finding suggests that IL-10 may decrease arterial stiffness in males with AAA. The negative correlation between CRP and PWVcf in males with T2DM treated with metformin may indicate that metformin influences the arterial wall to decrease stiffness in subjects with AAA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ida Åström Malm
- Department of Natural Sciences and Biomedicine, School of Health and Welfare, Jönköping University, SE-551 11 Jönköping, Sweden; (R.D.B.); (P.B.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Rachel De Basso
- Department of Natural Sciences and Biomedicine, School of Health and Welfare, Jönköping University, SE-551 11 Jönköping, Sweden; (R.D.B.); (P.B.)
| | - Peter Blomstrand
- Department of Natural Sciences and Biomedicine, School of Health and Welfare, Jönköping University, SE-551 11 Jönköping, Sweden; (R.D.B.); (P.B.)
- Department of Clinical Physiology, County Hospital Ryhov, SE-551 85 Jönköping, Sweden
| | - Dick Wågsäter
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, SE-751 23 Uppsala, Sweden;
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Mohammadi H, Vincent T, Peng K, Nigam A, Gayda M, Fraser S, Joanette Y, Lesage F, Bherer L. Coronary artery disease and its impact on the pulsatile brain: A functional NIRS study. Hum Brain Mapp 2021; 42:3760-3776. [PMID: 33991155 PMCID: PMC8288102 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.25463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2021] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have reported that optical indices of cerebral pulsatility are associated with cerebrovascular health in older adults. Such indices, including cerebral pulse amplitude and the pulse relaxation function (PRF), have been previously applied to quantify global and regional cerebral pulsatility. The aim of the present study was to determine whether these indices are modulated by cardiovascular status and whether they differ between individuals with low or high cardiovascular risk factors (LCVRF and HCVRF) and coronary artery disease (CAD). A total of 60 older adults aged 57-79 were enrolled in the study. Participants were grouped as LCVRF, HCVRF, and CAD. Participants were asked to walk freely on a gym track while a near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) device recorded hemodynamics data. Low-intensity, short-duration walking was used to test whether a brief cardiovascular challenge could increase the difference of pulsatility indices with respect to cardiovascular status. Results indicated that CAD individuals have higher global cerebral pulse amplitude compared with the other groups. Walking reduced global cerebral pulse amplitude and PRF in all groups but did not increase the difference across the groups. Instead, walking extended the spatial distribution of cerebral pulse amplitude to the anterior prefrontal cortex when CAD was compared to the CVRF groups. Further research is needed to determine whether cerebral pulse amplitude extracted from data acquired with NIRS, which is a noninvasive, inexpensive method, can provide an index to characterize the cerebrovascular status associated with CAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanieh Mohammadi
- Laboratory of Optical and Molecular ImagingBiomedical Engineering Institute, Polytechnique MontrealQuebecCanada
- Research CenterUniversity Institute of Geriatrics of MontrealMontrealQuebecCanada
- Research CenterEPIC Centre of Montreal Heart InstituteMontrealQuebecCanada
| | - Thomas Vincent
- Research CenterEPIC Centre of Montreal Heart InstituteMontrealQuebecCanada
| | - Ke Peng
- Center for Pain and the BrainBoston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
- Research CenterUniversity of Montreal Health CentreMontrealQuebecCanada
| | - Anil Nigam
- Research CenterEPIC Centre of Montreal Heart InstituteMontrealQuebecCanada
| | - Mathieu Gayda
- Research CenterEPIC Centre of Montreal Heart InstituteMontrealQuebecCanada
| | - Sarah Fraser
- Interdisciplinary School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health SciencesUniversity of OttawaOttawaOntarioCanada
| | - Yves Joanette
- Research CenterUniversity Institute of Geriatrics of MontrealMontrealQuebecCanada
- Faculty of MedicineUniversity of MontrealMontrealQuebecCanada
| | - Frédéric Lesage
- Laboratory of Optical and Molecular ImagingBiomedical Engineering Institute, Polytechnique MontrealQuebecCanada
- Research CenterEPIC Centre of Montreal Heart InstituteMontrealQuebecCanada
| | - Louis Bherer
- Research CenterUniversity Institute of Geriatrics of MontrealMontrealQuebecCanada
- Research CenterEPIC Centre of Montreal Heart InstituteMontrealQuebecCanada
- Faculty of MedicineUniversity of MontrealMontrealQuebecCanada
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Vera L, Muylle S, Van Steenkiste G, Segers P, Decloedt A, Chiers K, van Loon G. Histological and biomechanical properties of systemic arteries in young and old Warmblood horses. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0253730. [PMID: 34252105 PMCID: PMC8274928 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0253730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Arterial rupture is a well-recognized cause of sudden death in horses, which mainly affects older horses. The arterial wall is known to stiffen with age, although the underlying age-related histological and biomechanical changes remain unclear. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of aging by histological analysis of the arterial wall and examination of the arterial wall biomechanical properties using an inflation-extension test. Entire circular samples of the proximal and distal aorta, cranial and caudal common carotid, external iliac, femoral and median artery were collected from 6 young (6 years) and 14 old horses (≥15 years). Samples of all arteries were histologically examined and intima media thickness as well as area % of elastin, smooth muscle actin and collagen type I and III were determined. Older horses had a significantly larger intima media thickness and a significantly higher area % of smooth muscle actin compared to young horses. Samples of the proximal and distal aorta, the caudal common carotid and the external iliac artery were mechanically assessed using an in-house developed inflation-extension device with ultrasound analysis. Rupture occurred in a minority of arteries (8/78) at high pressures (between 250-300 mmHg), and mostly occurred in older horses (7/8). Pressure-area, pressure-compliance and pressure-distensibility curves were constructed. A significant difference in the pressure-area curves of the distal aorta, common carotid artery and external iliac artery, the pressure-compliance curves of the proximal aorta and carotid artery and the pressure-distensibility curve of the proximal aorta was observed between young and old horses. Results demonstrate an effect of age on the histological and biomechanical properties of the arterial wall, which might explain why arterial rupture occurs more often in older horses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisse Vera
- Department of Large Animal Internal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Equine Cardioteam Ghent University, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
- * E-mail:
| | - Sofie Muylle
- Department of Morphology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Glenn Van Steenkiste
- Department of Large Animal Internal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Equine Cardioteam Ghent University, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | | | - Annelies Decloedt
- Department of Large Animal Internal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Equine Cardioteam Ghent University, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Koen Chiers
- Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Poultry Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Gunther van Loon
- Department of Large Animal Internal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Equine Cardioteam Ghent University, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
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Schoevaerdts D, Sibille FX, Gavazzi G. Infections in the older population: what do we know? Aging Clin Exp Res 2021; 33:689-701. [PMID: 31656032 DOI: 10.1007/s40520-019-01375-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2019] [Accepted: 10/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The incidence of infections increases with age and results in a higher risk of morbidity and mortality. This rise is not mainly related to chronological age per se but has been linked mostly to individual factors such as immunosenescence; the presence of comorbidities; the occurrence of geriatric syndromes such as poor nutrition, polypharmacy, and cognitive disorders; and the presence of functional impairment concomitant with environmental, healthcare-related and microbiological factors such as the increasing risk of multidrug-resistant microorganisms. The geriatric concept of frailty introduces a new approach for considering the risk of infection; this concept highlights the importance of functional status and is a more comprehensive and multicomponent approach that may help to reverse the vulnerability to stress. The aim of this article is to provide some typical hallmarks of infections among older adults in comparison to younger individuals. The main differences among the older population that are presented are an increased prevalence of infections and potential risk factors, a higher risk of carrying multidrug-resistant microorganisms, an increase in barriers to a prompt diagnosis related to atypical presentations and challenges with diagnostic tools, a higher risk of under- and over-diagnosis, a worse prognosis with a higher risk of acute and chronic complications and a particular need for better communication among all healthcare sectors as they are closely linked together.
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Affiliation(s)
- Didier Schoevaerdts
- Geriatric Department, CHU UCL Namur, Site Godinne, Avenue Dr. Gaston Thérasse, 1, B-5530, Yvoir, Belgium.
| | - François-Xavier Sibille
- Geriatric Department, CHU UCL Namur, Site Godinne, Avenue Dr. Gaston Thérasse, 1, B-5530, Yvoir, Belgium
| | - Gaetan Gavazzi
- Geriatric Department, CHU UCL Namur, Site Godinne, Avenue Dr. Gaston Thérasse, 1, B-5530, Yvoir, Belgium
- Service Gériatrie Clinique, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire Grenoble-Alpes, Avenue Central 621, 38400, Saint-Martin-d'Hères, France
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Evaluation of the relationship between pseudo-hypertension and the parameters of subclinical atherosclerosis. Blood Press Monit 2021; 26:1-7. [PMID: 33074928 DOI: 10.1097/mbp.0000000000000490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Methods using for determining the subclinical atherosclerosis have gained growing interest in the recent years. However, the effects of pseudo-hypertension on the parameters of subclinical atherosclerosis are uncertain. We aimed to evaluate the relationship between pseudo-hypertension and subclinical atherosclerosis in individuals diagnosed with pseudo-hypertension. METHODS A total of 122 patients who underwent radial elective coronary angiography were included in the present study. These patients were divided into two groups based on the difference between invasive and noninvasive blood pressure (BP) measurements: pseudo-hypertension group who had a difference ≥15 mmHg in SBP or ≥10 mmHg in DBP levels between invasive and noninvasive measurements (n = 28), and the other group who did not have any difference as described on these levels (n = 94). In order to evaluate the subclinical atherosclerosis; flow-mediated dilatation (FMD), carotid intima-media thickness (IMT), pulse wave velocity (PWV), and augmentation index were recorded in all patients. Two groups were compared with respect to these parameters. RESULTS The median age of the pseudo-hypertension group was 76 years, while the median age of the other group was 63.5 years (P < 0.0001). The incidence of concomitant hypertension was higher in the pseudo-hypertension group as compared to the other group (P < 0.001). There was a significant difference in augmentation index, cardiac output, PWV, FMD, and IMT values between two groups (P = 0.016, P = 0.023, P <0.001, P < 0.001, P < 0.001, respectively). CONCLUSIONS The present results demonstrated that there was a strong correlation between pseudo-hypertension and the parameters of subclinical atherosclerosis; augmentation index, PWV, FMD, and carotids IMT.
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Åström Malm I, De Basso R, Blomstrand P, Bjarnegård N. Increased arterial stiffness in males with abdominal aortic aneurysm. Clin Physiol Funct Imaging 2020; 41:68-75. [PMID: 33000520 PMCID: PMC7756894 DOI: 10.1111/cpf.12667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Revised: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Background Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA), a localized dilatation of the abdominal aorta, has a prevalence of about 1.5%–3% among 65‐ to 70‐year‐old males in Europe. AAA confers an increased risk of developing major cardiovascular events in addition to the risk of aneurysm rupture. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether the arterial wall distensibility is altered in subjects with AAA. Methods Two hundred and eighty‐four male subjects (182 with AAA and 102 controls) were enrolled in the study. Arterial wall distensibility was evaluated using non‐invasive applanation tonometry to measure regional pulse wave velocity between the carotid and femoral arteries and the carotid and radial arteries. In addition, blood pressure was measured, and the pulse pressure waveform was analysed. Results Higher aortic augmentation index (25.1% versus 20.6%; p < .001) and higher aortic pulse wave velocity (12.3 m/s versus 10.9 m/s; p < .001) were demonstrated in the AAA cohort. The slightly higher arm pulse wave velocity in the AAA group (9.4 m/s versus 9.1 m/s; p < .05) was abolished after adjusting for mean arterial blood pressure. Conclusions Males with AAA have decreased aortic wall distensibility and enhanced reflection waves in central aorta during systole. These results imply that increased arterial wall stiffness may be a contributing factor to the overall higher cardiovascular risk seen in patients with AAA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ida Åström Malm
- Department of Natural Sciences and Biomedicine, School of Health and Welfare, Jönköping University, Jönköping, Sweden
| | - Rachel De Basso
- Department of Natural Sciences and Biomedicine, School of Health and Welfare, Jönköping University, Jönköping, Sweden
| | - Peter Blomstrand
- Department of Natural Sciences and Biomedicine, School of Health and Welfare, Jönköping University, Jönköping, Sweden.,Department of Clinical Physiology, County Hospital Ryhov, Jönköping, Sweden
| | - Niclas Bjarnegård
- Department of Diagnostics and Specialist Medicine, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, University of Linköping, Linköping, Sweden
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Vera L, Van Steenkiste G, Decloedt A, Chiers K, van Loon G. Age-related differences in blood pressure, ultrasound-derived arterial diameters and arterial wall stiffness parameters in horses. Equine Vet J 2020; 52:868-875. [PMID: 32196729 DOI: 10.1111/evj.13263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2020] [Revised: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 03/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Arterial rupture mainly affects older horses. The reason why older horses are more prone to arterial rupture and which underlying vascular changes predispose older horses to aortic rupture is still unclear. OBJECTIVES To investigate the effect of ageing on the equine arterial wall and blood pressure. STUDY DESIGN Cohort study. METHODS Non-invasive blood pressure measurement using a tail cuff and vascular ultrasound from aorta, common carotid artery and external iliac artery was performed in 50 healthy young (3-7 years) and 50 healthy old Warmblood horses (>18 years). Arterial diameters and cross-sectional areas, and arterial wall thickness were measured offline. Regional arterial wall stiffness of the aorta and common carotid artery were assessed using pulse wave velocity, while lumen area/diameter change, strain, compliance and distensibility were calculated to assess local arterial wall stiffness. RESULTS No difference in blood pressure was found between old and young horses. All arterial dimensions and intima-media thickness of the common carotid artery were significantly larger in old horses. A significantly higher local arterial wall stiffness was found for the aorta and the caudal common carotid artery in older horses. For the external iliac artery, no significant differences in arterial wall stiffness were found. Both aortic and carotid pulse wave velocities were higher in older horses compared with younger horses. MAIN LIMITATIONS Blood pressure was measured non-invasively. CONCLUSIONS In horses, arteries stiffen with age, in combination with luminal enlargement and arterial wall thickening. This might, at least partially, explain the increased incidence of arterial rupture in older horses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisse Vera
- Department of Large Animal Internal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Equine Cardioteam Ghent University, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Glenn Van Steenkiste
- Department of Large Animal Internal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Equine Cardioteam Ghent University, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Annelies Decloedt
- Department of Large Animal Internal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Equine Cardioteam Ghent University, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Koen Chiers
- Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Poultry Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Gunther van Loon
- Department of Large Animal Internal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Equine Cardioteam Ghent University, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
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Yoon BK, Kang YH, Oh WJ, Roh CR, Kim DK, Kang CD. 17β-Estradiol Inhibits Lysophosphatidylcholine-Induced Apoptosis in Cultured Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells. J Menopausal Med 2020; 26:1-8. [PMID: 32307944 PMCID: PMC7160586 DOI: 10.6118/jmm.19019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Revised: 02/21/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Coronary heart disease (CHD) risk increases in women after menopause, but menopausal hormone therapy (MHT) helps prevent CHD if started early after menopause. To explore the mechanism underlying the direct vascular actions of estrogen, the effects of 17β-estradiol (E2) on apoptosis of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) induced with lysophosphatidylcholine (lysoPC), an active component of oxidized low-density lipoprotein, were investigated in the present study. Methods VSMCs were isolated from rat aortas. Apoptosis and protein expression of caspases were assessed using propidium iodide staining and Western blot analysis, respectively. Intracellular formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) was examined using dichlorofluorescein diacetate, a cell-permeable oxidation-sensitive probe, and quantitated with flow cytometry. Nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) activation was determined after transfection with a reporter plasmid containing the luciferase reporter gene. Results After pre-treatment for 24 hours, 17β-E2 suppressed lysoPC-induced (15 µM) apoptotic cell death in a dose-dependent manner with statistical significance at near physiological concentration. 17β-E2 (10−6 M) also increased protein levels of caspase-9 and -8 precursors and decreased the active form of caspase-3. Western blot analysis using subcellular fractions showed that 17β-E2 decreased mitochondrial Bax levels and concomitantly increased cytosolic Bax expression. Furthermore, intracellular production of ROS and NF-κB-mediated transcriptional activity were reduced with 17β-E2. In addition, estrogen effects on apoptosis were partially blocked by ICI 182,780, a specific estrogen receptor antagonist. Conclusions In cultured VSMCs treated with lysoPC, 17β-E2 reduced apoptotic cell death by down-regulating both extrinsic and intrinsic apoptosis pathways, contributing to the preventive action of MHT against CHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byung Koo Yoon
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Women's Health, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Korea.
| | - Young Hee Kang
- Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Won Jong Oh
- Korea Brain Research Institute, Daegu, Korea
| | - Cheong Rae Roh
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Women's Health, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Duk Kyung Kim
- Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Chi Dug Kang
- Department of Biochemistry, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, Korea.
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Bestavashvili AA, Bestavashvili AA, Saidova AI, Shchekochikhin DI, Kopylov FI, Syrkin AL. [Vascular age in patients with arterial hypertension]. ANGIOLOGIIA I SOSUDISTAIA KHIRURGIIA = ANGIOLOGY AND VASCULAR SURGERY 2020; 26:10-16. [PMID: 32597880 DOI: 10.33529/angi02020209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Ageing is considered to be the major and non-modifiable risk factor for the development of hypertension and cardiovascular diseases. During ageing, the vascular system undergoes structural and functional alterations, including endothelial dysfunction, thickening of the vascular wall, reduced distensibility and increased arterial stiffness. Vascular rigidity results from fibrosis and remodelling of the extracellular matrix, processes that are associated with ageing and are amplified in hypertension. These events may be induced by vasoactive agents, such as angiotensin II, endothelin-1, and aldosterone, which are increased in the vasculature during aging and hypertension. Complex interaction between the process of ageing and prohypertensive factors results in accelerated vascular remodelling and fibrosis, as well as increased arterial stiffness. Hypertension accelerates and augments age-related vascular remodelling and dysfunction, and ageing may impact on the severity of vascular damage in hypertension, thus strongly suggesting close interactions between biological ageing and blood pressure elevation. Molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying vascular alterations in ageing and hypertension are common and include aberrant signal transduction, oxidative stress and activation of pro-inflammatory and pro-fibrotic transcription factors. Strategies to suppress age-associated vascular changes can ameliorate vascular damage associated with hypertension. This article looks into vascular alterations occurring during ageing and hypertension, focussing particularly on arterial stiffness and vascular remodelling, also emphasizing the importance of diagnostic methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Af A Bestavashvili
- Department of Cardiology, Functional and Ultrasound Diagnosis, Institute of Clinical Medicine, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Al A Bestavashvili
- Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry named after A.I. Evdokimov, Moscow, Russia
| | - A I Saidova
- Department of Cardiology, Functional and Ultrasound Diagnosis, Institute of Clinical Medicine, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - D Iu Shchekochikhin
- Department of Cardiology, Functional and Ultrasound Diagnosis, Institute of Clinical Medicine, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - F Iu Kopylov
- Department of Cardiology, Functional and Ultrasound Diagnosis, Institute of Clinical Medicine, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - A L Syrkin
- Department of Cardiology, Functional and Ultrasound Diagnosis, Institute of Clinical Medicine, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
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Burko NV, Avdeeva IV, Oleynikov VE, Boytsov SA. The Concept of Early Vascular Aging. RATIONAL PHARMACOTHERAPY IN CARDIOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.20996/1819-6446-2019-15-5-742-749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The age is one of the main non-modified factors which reduces the elasticity of vessels and increases the appearance of atherosclerotic plaques. A number of studies have revealed that in some people, vascular changes occur at a younger age, while the presence of only classical risk factors does not explain the development of cardiovascular events in young people. This phenomenon is described as a syndrome of early, or accelerated, vascular aging (EVA). Aspects of this premature process include endothelial dysfunction, increased arterial stiffness, thickening of the intima-media complex and impaired dilatation of the central arteries, an increase of the reflected wave, hypertrophy of small vessels with a decrease in their lumen. Accelerated aging of the vascular wall increases the frequency of complications, therefore, recently "vascular age” is considered as an important predictor of individual risk of cardiovascular events. The review describes factors and mechanisms that trigger the process of EVA, genetic aspects of vascular damage and the biology of telomeres. Changes in hemodynamics and structural and functional properties of arteries during physiological and accelerated aging are presented. Currently, several indicators have been proposed that indicate arterial wall damaging and progression of vascular aging. The carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity is included in the list of indicators of subclinical target organs damage in ESH-ESC Guidelines for the management of arterial hypertension. The results of studies on the developing the new diagnostic markers for identifying individuals with "normal" or "early" ("accelerated") vascular aging are presented. Therapeutic strategies are aimed at decreasing the influence of factors that provoke EVA and include a non-pharmacological approach and medical intervention. The paper describes methods of therapeutic correction of the EVA syndrome.
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Kim I, Park CS, Lee HY. Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor Blocker, Fimasartan, Reduces Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Senescence by Inhibiting the CYR61 Signaling Pathway. Korean Circ J 2019; 49:615-626. [PMID: 31074217 PMCID: PMC6597448 DOI: 10.4070/kcj.2018.0379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2018] [Revised: 12/26/2018] [Accepted: 01/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Angiotensin II (Ang II) has been suggested to accelerate vascular senescence, however the molecular mechanism(s) remain unknown. METHODS We cultured human coronary artery smooth muscle cells (hCSMCs) and treated Ang II and/or fimasartan. Or we transfected adenoviral vectors expressing CYR61 (Ad-CYR61) or antisense CYR61 (Ad-As-CYR61). Cellular senescence was evaluated senescence-associated β-galactosidase (SA-β-gal) assay. The molecular mechanisms were investigated real-time PCR and western blots. RESULTS SA-β-gal-positive cells significantly increased in Ang II-treated hCSMCs (5.77±1.43-fold compared with the control). The effect of Ang II was significantly attenuated by pretreatment with the Ang II type 1 receptor blocker, fimasartan (2.00±0.92-fold). The expression of both p53 and p16 senescence regulators was significantly increased by Ang II (p53: 1.39±0.17, p16: 1.19±0.10-fold vs. the control), and inhibited by fimasartan. Cysteine-rich angiogenic protein 61 (CYR61) was rapidly induced by Ang II. Compared with the control, Ad-CYR61-transfected hCSMCs showed significantly increased SA-β-gal-positive cells (3.47±0.65-fold). Upon transfecting Ad-AS-CYR61, Ang II-induced senescence (3.74±0.23-fold) was significantly decreased (1.77±0.60-fold). p53 expression by Ang II was significantly attenuated by Ad-AS-CYR61, whereas p16 expression was not regulated. Ang II activated ERK1/2 and p38 MAPK, which was significantly blocked by fimasartan. ERK and p38 inhibition both regulated Ang II-induced CYR61 expression. However, p53 expression was only regulated by ERK1/2, whereas p16 expression was only attenuated by p38 MAPK. CONCLUSIONS Ang II induced vascular senescence by the ERK/p38 MAPK-CYR61 pathway and ARB, fimasartan, protected against Ang II-induced vascular senescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inho Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Chan Soon Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hae Young Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea.
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Anttila E, Balzani D, Desyatova A, Deegan P, MacTaggart J, Kamenskiy A. Mechanical damage characterization in human femoropopliteal arteries of different ages. Acta Biomater 2019; 90:225-240. [PMID: 30928732 PMCID: PMC6532398 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2019.03.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2018] [Revised: 03/19/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Endovascular treatment of Peripheral Arterial Disease (PAD) is notorious for high failure rates, and interaction between the arterial wall and the repair devices plays a significant role. Computational modeling can help improve clinical outcomes of these interventions, but it requires accurate inputs of elastic and damage characteristics of the femoropopliteal artery (FPA) which are currently not available. Fresh human FPAs from n = 104 tissue donors 14-80 years old were tested using planar biaxial extension to capture elastic and damage characteristics. Damage initiation stretches and stresses were determined for both longitudinal and circumferential directions, and their correlations with age and risk factors were assessed. Two and four-fiber-family invariant-based constitutive models augmented with damage functions were used to describe stress softening with accumulating damage. In FPAs younger than 50 years, damage began accumulating after 1.51 ± 0.13 and 1.49 ± 0.11 stretch, or 196 ± 110 kPa and 239 ± 79 kPa Cauchy stress in the longitudinal and circumferential directions, respectively. In FPAs older than 50 years, damage initiation stretches and stresses decreased to 1.27 ± 0.09 (106 ± 52 kPa) and 1.26 ± 0.09 (104 ± 59 kPa), respectively. Damage manifested primarily as tears at the internal and external elastic laminae and within the tunica media layer. Higher body mass index and presence of diabetes were associated with lower damage initiation stretches and higher stresses. The selected constitutive models were able to accurately portray the FPA behavior in both elastic and inelastic domains, and properties were derived for six age groups. Presented data can help improve fidelity of computational models simulating endovascular PAD repairs that involve arterial damage. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: This manuscript describes inelastic, i.e. damage, behavior of human femoropopliteal arteries, and provides values for three constitutive models simulating this behavior computationally. Using a set of 104 human FPAs 14-80 years old, we have investigated stress and stretch levels corresponding to damage initiation, and have studied how these damage characteristics change across different age groups. Presented inelastic arterial characteristics are important for computational simulations modeling balloon angioplasty and stenting of peripheral arterial disease lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Anttila
- Mechanical and Materials Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA
| | - Daniel Balzani
- Continuum Mechanics, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Anastasia Desyatova
- Department of Surgery, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Paul Deegan
- Department of Surgery, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Jason MacTaggart
- Department of Surgery, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Alexey Kamenskiy
- Department of Surgery, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA.
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15
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Zhang T, Yin H, Xue H. Evaluation of ultrasonography on carotid arteries and left ventricular function in patients with subclinical atherosclerosis. Exp Ther Med 2019; 17:4465-4470. [PMID: 31105784 PMCID: PMC6507511 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2019.7517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2018] [Accepted: 04/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Ultrasonography in the evaluation and diagnosis of carotid arteries and left ventricular function in patients with subclinical atherosclerosis (SA) was explored. In total, 152 patients with no obvious clinical symptoms of atherosclerosis confirmed by carotid ultrasonography in Tengzhou Central People's Hospital from September 2015 to March 2016 were enrolled as the experimental group, and further 45 patients with normal physical examination at the same time were collected as the control group. Patients in the experimental group were divided into three groups according to Framingham risk assessment: low, middle and high risk. The carotid arteries and left ventricular function of all patients were detected by Doppler ultrasound. There were differences in the systolic pressure, TG and TC between the control group and the experimental group (P<0.05). The expression levels of β, cIMT, Ep and PWVβ increased with the risk degree in the low, middle and high risk groups (P<0.05). The expression levels of LVEDV, LVESV, and LVEF in the experimental group were significantly decreased compared with those in the control group (P<0.05), while the expression levels of LAV, E/e, GLS and GCS were significantly increased compared with those in the control group (P<0.05). There was a difference of left ventricular function parameters in the low, medium and high risk groups (P<0.05). The expression levels of LVEDV, LVESV, LAV and E/e increased with the risk degree in the low, middle and high risk groups (P<0.05). The detection rate of plaque was lower in the low risk group than those in the middle and high risk group (P<0.05). By observing the parameters of carotid arteries and left ventricular function, it was found that ultrasonography has important clinical value in the early diagnosis of SA, and can be promoted in clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Zhang
- Department of Ultrasonography, Tengzhou Central People's Hospital, Tengzhou, Shandong 277599, P.R. China
| | - Haiwei Yin
- Department of Ultrasonography, Tengzhou Central People's Hospital, Tengzhou, Shandong 277599, P.R. China
| | - Hanwen Xue
- Department of Ultrasonography, Tengzhou Central People's Hospital, Tengzhou, Shandong 277599, P.R. China
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16
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Del Campo L, Hamczyk MR, Andrés V, Martínez-González J, Rodríguez C. Mechanisms of vascular aging: What can we learn from Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome? CLINICA E INVESTIGACION EN ARTERIOSCLEROSIS 2018; 30:120-132. [PMID: 29602596 DOI: 10.1016/j.arteri.2017.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2017] [Revised: 12/21/2017] [Accepted: 12/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Aging is the main risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD). The increased prevalence of CVD is partly due to the global increase in life expectancy. In this context, it is essential to identify the mechanisms by which aging induces CVD, with the ultimate aim of reducing its incidence. Both atherosclerosis and heart failure significantly contribute to age-associated CVD morbidity and mortality. Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome (HGPS) is a rare genetic disorder caused by the synthesis of progerin, which is noted for accelerated aging and CVD. This mutant form of prelamin A induces generalised atherosclerosis, vascular calcification, and cardiac electrophysiological abnormalities, leading to premature aging and death, mainly due to myocardial infarction and stroke. This review discusses the main vascular structural and functional abnormalities during physiological and premature aging, as well as the mechanisms involved in the exacerbated CVD and accelerated aging induced by the accumulation of progerin and prelamin A. Both proteins are expressed in non-HGPS individuals, and physiological aging shares many features of progeria. Research into HGPS could therefore shed light on novel mechanisms involved in the physiological aging of the cardiovascular system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara Del Campo
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), Madrid, España; CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), España
| | - Magda R Hamczyk
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), Madrid, España; CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), España
| | - Vicente Andrés
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), Madrid, España; CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), España.
| | - José Martínez-González
- CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), España; Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas de Barcelona (IIBB-CSIC), IIB-Sant Pau, Barcelona, España
| | - Cristina Rodríguez
- CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), España; Institut de Recerca del Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau-Programa ICCC, IIB-Sant Pau, Barcelona, España.
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Petersen RC, Reddy MS, Liu PR. Advancements in Free-Radical Pathologies and an Important Treatment Solution with a Free-Radical Inhibitor. SF JOURNAL OF BIOTECHNOLOGY AND BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING 2018; 1:1003. [PMID: 29984367 PMCID: PMC6034992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
Unsaturated carbon-carbon double bonds particularly at exposed end groups of nonsolid fluids are susceptible to free-radical covalent bonding on one carbon atom creating a new free radical on the opposite carbon atom. Subsequent reactive secondary sequence free-radical polymerization can then continue across extensive carbon-carbon double bonds to form progressively larger molecules with ever-increasing viscosity and eventually produce solids. In a fluid solution when carbon-carbon double bonds are replaced by carbon-carbon single bonds to decrease fluidity, increasing molecular organization can interfere with molecular oxygen (O2) diffusion. During normal eukaryote cellular energy synthesis O2 is required by mitochondria to combine with electrons from the electron transport chain and hydrogen cations from the proton gradient to form water. When O2 is absent during periods of irregular hypoxia in mitochondrial energy synthesis, the generation of excess electrons can develop free radicals or excess protons can produce acid. Free radicals formed by limited O2 can damage lipids and proteins and greatly increase molecular sizes in growing vicious cycles to reduce oxygen availability even more for mitochondria during energy synthesis. Further, at adequate free-radical concentrations a reactive crosslinking unsaturated aldehyde lipid breakdown product can significantly support free-radical polymerization of lipid oils into rubbery gel-like solids and eventually even produce a crystalline lipid peroxidation with the double bond of O2. Most importantly, free-radical inhibitor hydroquinone intended for medical treatments in much pathology such as cancer, atherosclerosis, diabetes, infection/inflammation and also ageing has proven extremely effective in sequestering free radicals to prevent chain-growth reactive secondary sequence polymerization.
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Affiliation(s)
- RC Petersen
- Departments of Biomaterials and Restorative Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, USA
| | - MS Reddy
- Office of the Dean, School of Dentistry, University of Alabama at Birmingham, USA
| | - P-R Liu
- Department of Restorative Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, USA
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Widya RL, de Mutsert R, Westenberg JJM, Gast KB, den Heijer M, le Cessie S, Smit JWA, Jukema JW, Rosendaal FR, de Roos A, Lamb HJ. Is Hepatic Triglyceride Content Associated with Aortic Pulse Wave Velocity and Carotid Intima-Media Thickness? The Netherlands Epidemiology of Obesity Study. Radiology 2017; 285:73-82. [DOI: 10.1148/radiol.2017160916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ralph L. Widya
- From the Departments of Radiology (R.L.W., J.J.M.W., A.d.R., H.J.L.), Clinical Epidemiology (R.d.M., K.B.G., M.d.H., S.l.C., F.R.R.), Internal Medicine (K.B.G.), Medical Statistics and Bio-informatics (S.l.C.), Endocrinology (R.L.W., J.W.A.S.), and Cardiology (J.W.J.), Leiden University Medical Center, PO Box 9600, 2300 RC Leiden, the Netherlands; Department of Internal Medicine, VU University Medical Center,
| | - Renée de Mutsert
- From the Departments of Radiology (R.L.W., J.J.M.W., A.d.R., H.J.L.), Clinical Epidemiology (R.d.M., K.B.G., M.d.H., S.l.C., F.R.R.), Internal Medicine (K.B.G.), Medical Statistics and Bio-informatics (S.l.C.), Endocrinology (R.L.W., J.W.A.S.), and Cardiology (J.W.J.), Leiden University Medical Center, PO Box 9600, 2300 RC Leiden, the Netherlands; Department of Internal Medicine, VU University Medical Center,
| | - Jos J. M. Westenberg
- From the Departments of Radiology (R.L.W., J.J.M.W., A.d.R., H.J.L.), Clinical Epidemiology (R.d.M., K.B.G., M.d.H., S.l.C., F.R.R.), Internal Medicine (K.B.G.), Medical Statistics and Bio-informatics (S.l.C.), Endocrinology (R.L.W., J.W.A.S.), and Cardiology (J.W.J.), Leiden University Medical Center, PO Box 9600, 2300 RC Leiden, the Netherlands; Department of Internal Medicine, VU University Medical Center,
| | - Karin B. Gast
- From the Departments of Radiology (R.L.W., J.J.M.W., A.d.R., H.J.L.), Clinical Epidemiology (R.d.M., K.B.G., M.d.H., S.l.C., F.R.R.), Internal Medicine (K.B.G.), Medical Statistics and Bio-informatics (S.l.C.), Endocrinology (R.L.W., J.W.A.S.), and Cardiology (J.W.J.), Leiden University Medical Center, PO Box 9600, 2300 RC Leiden, the Netherlands; Department of Internal Medicine, VU University Medical Center,
| | - Martin den Heijer
- From the Departments of Radiology (R.L.W., J.J.M.W., A.d.R., H.J.L.), Clinical Epidemiology (R.d.M., K.B.G., M.d.H., S.l.C., F.R.R.), Internal Medicine (K.B.G.), Medical Statistics and Bio-informatics (S.l.C.), Endocrinology (R.L.W., J.W.A.S.), and Cardiology (J.W.J.), Leiden University Medical Center, PO Box 9600, 2300 RC Leiden, the Netherlands; Department of Internal Medicine, VU University Medical Center,
| | - Saskia le Cessie
- From the Departments of Radiology (R.L.W., J.J.M.W., A.d.R., H.J.L.), Clinical Epidemiology (R.d.M., K.B.G., M.d.H., S.l.C., F.R.R.), Internal Medicine (K.B.G.), Medical Statistics and Bio-informatics (S.l.C.), Endocrinology (R.L.W., J.W.A.S.), and Cardiology (J.W.J.), Leiden University Medical Center, PO Box 9600, 2300 RC Leiden, the Netherlands; Department of Internal Medicine, VU University Medical Center,
| | - Johannes W. A. Smit
- From the Departments of Radiology (R.L.W., J.J.M.W., A.d.R., H.J.L.), Clinical Epidemiology (R.d.M., K.B.G., M.d.H., S.l.C., F.R.R.), Internal Medicine (K.B.G.), Medical Statistics and Bio-informatics (S.l.C.), Endocrinology (R.L.W., J.W.A.S.), and Cardiology (J.W.J.), Leiden University Medical Center, PO Box 9600, 2300 RC Leiden, the Netherlands; Department of Internal Medicine, VU University Medical Center,
| | - J. Wouter Jukema
- From the Departments of Radiology (R.L.W., J.J.M.W., A.d.R., H.J.L.), Clinical Epidemiology (R.d.M., K.B.G., M.d.H., S.l.C., F.R.R.), Internal Medicine (K.B.G.), Medical Statistics and Bio-informatics (S.l.C.), Endocrinology (R.L.W., J.W.A.S.), and Cardiology (J.W.J.), Leiden University Medical Center, PO Box 9600, 2300 RC Leiden, the Netherlands; Department of Internal Medicine, VU University Medical Center,
| | - Frits R. Rosendaal
- From the Departments of Radiology (R.L.W., J.J.M.W., A.d.R., H.J.L.), Clinical Epidemiology (R.d.M., K.B.G., M.d.H., S.l.C., F.R.R.), Internal Medicine (K.B.G.), Medical Statistics and Bio-informatics (S.l.C.), Endocrinology (R.L.W., J.W.A.S.), and Cardiology (J.W.J.), Leiden University Medical Center, PO Box 9600, 2300 RC Leiden, the Netherlands; Department of Internal Medicine, VU University Medical Center,
| | - Albert de Roos
- From the Departments of Radiology (R.L.W., J.J.M.W., A.d.R., H.J.L.), Clinical Epidemiology (R.d.M., K.B.G., M.d.H., S.l.C., F.R.R.), Internal Medicine (K.B.G.), Medical Statistics and Bio-informatics (S.l.C.), Endocrinology (R.L.W., J.W.A.S.), and Cardiology (J.W.J.), Leiden University Medical Center, PO Box 9600, 2300 RC Leiden, the Netherlands; Department of Internal Medicine, VU University Medical Center,
| | - Hildo J. Lamb
- From the Departments of Radiology (R.L.W., J.J.M.W., A.d.R., H.J.L.), Clinical Epidemiology (R.d.M., K.B.G., M.d.H., S.l.C., F.R.R.), Internal Medicine (K.B.G.), Medical Statistics and Bio-informatics (S.l.C.), Endocrinology (R.L.W., J.W.A.S.), and Cardiology (J.W.J.), Leiden University Medical Center, PO Box 9600, 2300 RC Leiden, the Netherlands; Department of Internal Medicine, VU University Medical Center,
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Hamczyk MR, del Campo L, Andrés V. Aging in the Cardiovascular System: Lessons from Hutchinson-Gilford Progeria Syndrome. Annu Rev Physiol 2017; 80:27-48. [PMID: 28934587 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-physiol-021317-121454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Aging, the main risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD), is becoming progressively more prevalent in our societies. A better understanding of how aging promotes CVD is therefore urgently needed to develop new strategies to reduce disease burden. Atherosclerosis and heart failure contribute significantly to age-associated CVD-related morbimortality. CVD and aging are both accelerated in patients suffering from Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome (HGPS), a rare genetic disorder caused by the prelamin A mutant progerin. Progerin causes extensive atherosclerosis and cardiac electrophysiological alterations that invariably lead to premature aging and death. This review summarizes the main structural and functional alterations to the cardiovascular system during physiological and premature aging and discusses the mechanisms underlying exaggerated CVD and aging induced by prelamin A and progerin. Because both proteins are expressed in normally aging non-HGPS individuals, and most hallmarks of normal aging occur in progeria, research on HGPS can identify mechanisms underlying physiological aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magda R Hamczyk
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), 28029 Madrid, Spain; .,CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBER-CV), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Lara del Campo
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), 28029 Madrid, Spain; .,CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBER-CV), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Vicente Andrés
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), 28029 Madrid, Spain; .,CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBER-CV), 28029 Madrid, Spain
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Oh GC, Lee HY, Chung WJ, Youn HJ, Cho EJ, Sung KC, Chae SC, Yoo BS, Park CG, Hong SJ, Kim YK, Hong TJ, Choi DJ, Hyun MS, Ha JW, Kim YJ, Ahn Y, Cho MC, Kim SG, Shin J, Park S, Sohn IS, Kim CJ. Comparison of effects between calcium channel blocker and diuretics in combination with angiotensin II receptor blocker on 24-h central blood pressure and vascular hemodynamic parameters in hypertensive patients: study design for a multicenter, double-blinded, active-controlled, phase 4, randomized trial. Clin Hypertens 2017; 23:18. [PMID: 28879040 PMCID: PMC5584029 DOI: 10.1186/s40885-017-0074-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2017] [Accepted: 08/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Hypertension is a risk factor for coronary heart disease and stroke, and is one of the leading causes of death. Although over a billion people are affected worldwide, only half of them receive adequate treatment. Current guidelines on antihypertensive treatment recommend combination therapy for patients not responding to monotherapy, but as the number of pills increase, patient compliance tends to decrease. As a result, fixed-dose combination drugs with different antihypertensive agents have been developed and widely used in recent years. CCBs have been shown to be better at reducing central blood pressure and arterial stiffness than diuretics. Recent studies have reported that central blood pressure and arterial stiffness are associated with cardiovascular outcomes. This trial aims to compare the efficacy of combination of calcium channel blocker (CCB) or thiazide diuretic with an angiotensin receptor blocker (ARB). Methods This is a multicenter, double-blinded, active-controlled, phase 4, randomized trial, comparing the antihypertensive effects of losartan/amlodipine and losartan/hydrochlorothiazide in patients unresponsive to treatment with losartan. The primary endpoint is changes in mean sitting systolic blood pressure (msSBP) after 4 weeks of treatment. Secondary endpoints are changes in msSBP, mean 24-h ambulatory mobile blood pressure, mean 24-h ambulatory mobile central SBP, mean 24-h ambulatory carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity, ambulatory augmentation index, and microalbuminuria/proteinuria after 20 weeks of treatment. The sample size will be 119 patients for each group in order to confer enough power to test for non-inferiority regarding the primary outcome. Conclusion The investigators aim to prove that combination of a CCB with ARB shows non-inferiority in lowering blood pressure compared with a combination of thiazide diuretic and ARB. We also hope to distinguish the subset of patients that are more responsive to certain types of combination drugs. The results of this study should aid physicians in selecting appropriate combination regimens to treat hypertension in certain populations. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02294539. Registered 12 November 2014.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gyu Chul Oh
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hae-Young Lee
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Wook Jin Chung
- Division of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, Gachon University Gil Hospital, Medical Center, Incheon, Korea
| | - Ho-Joong Youn
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Center, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Eun-Joo Cho
- Division of Cardiology, St. Paul's Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ki-Chul Sung
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Shung Chull Chae
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, Korea
| | - Byung-Su Yoo
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University Wonju Hospital, Wonju, Korea
| | - Chang Gyu Park
- Department of Cardiology, Korea University Guro Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Soon Jun Hong
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Center, Korea University Anam Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young Kwon Kim
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, Korea
| | - Taek-Jong Hong
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, Korea
| | - Dong-Ju Choi
- Cardiovascular Center, Division of Cardiology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Min Su Hyun
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Soonchunhyang Seoul Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jong Won Ha
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Severance Cardiovascular Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young Jo Kim
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yeungnam University Hospital, Busan, Korea
| | - Youngkeun Ahn
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Myeong Chan Cho
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chungbuk National University Hospital, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Soon-Gil Kim
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Hanyang University Guri Hospital, Guri, Korea
| | - Jinho Shin
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Hanyang University Guri Hospital, Guri, Korea
| | - Sungha Park
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Severance Cardiovascular Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Il-Suk Sohn
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong, Seoul, Korea
| | - Chong-Jin Kim
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong, Seoul, Korea.,Cardiovascular Center, Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong, 892 Dongnam-ro, Gangdong-gu, Seoul, Korea
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21
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Iurciuc S, Cimpean AM, Mitu F, Heredea R, Iurciuc M. Vascular aging and subclinical atherosclerosis: why such a "never ending" and challenging story in cardiology? Clin Interv Aging 2017; 12:1339-1345. [PMID: 28883714 PMCID: PMC5574695 DOI: 10.2147/cia.s141265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The true onset of atherosclerosis remains one of the biggest challenges for cardiologists. Is atheroma plaque development considered the earliest step of vascular aging? If so, when it starts? Before or after birth? If it starts before birth or early during childhood, it seems that Thomas Sydenham was right: "A man is as old as his arteries." Except disorganization of elastic fibers, less is known about the morphology of vascular aging and also about the molecular events influencing the age of arteries, arterial stiffness, and their role in the appearance of future complications. Cellular and molecular events responsible for the switch from physiologic to pathologic aging of human arteries are less known. Epigenetic, genetic, and environmental influences at the onset of early vascular aging (EVA) should specifically influence the process. This paper briefly reviews the controversial data regarding vascular aging with an emphasis on the less known facts about the morphology of EVA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stela Iurciuc
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Angiogenesis Research Center, "Victor Babes" University of Medicine and Pharmacy.,Clinical Emergency County Hospital "Pius Brînzeu,"
| | - Anca Maria Cimpean
- Department of Microscopic Morphology/Histology, Angiogenesis Research Center, "Victor Babes" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timisoara
| | - Florin Mitu
- Department of Cardiology, "Grigore T Popa" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Iasi
| | - Rodica Heredea
- Department of Pathology, Louis Turcanu Children Hospital, Timisoara, Romania
| | - Mircea Iurciuc
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Angiogenesis Research Center, "Victor Babes" University of Medicine and Pharmacy.,Clinical Emergency County Hospital "Pius Brînzeu,"
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22
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Oh PC, Lee K, Kim TH, Moon J, Park HW, Jang HJ, Park SD, Kwon SW, Suh J, Kang WC. Prognostic impact of alkaline phosphatase measured at time of presentation in patients undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention for ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0171914. [PMID: 28182682 PMCID: PMC5300140 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0171914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2016] [Accepted: 01/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP) has been shown to be a prognostic factor in several subgroups of patients due to its promotion of vascular calcification. However, the prognostic impact of serum ALP level in ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) patients with a relatively low calcification burden has not been determined. We aimed to investigate the association of ALP level measured at time of presentation on clinical outcomes in patients with STEMI requiring primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Methods A total of 1178 patients with STEMI undergoing primary PCI between 2007 and 2014 were retrospectively enrolled from the INTERSTELLAR registry and classified into tertiles by ALP level (<64, 65–82, or >83 IU/L). The primary study outcome was a major adverse cardiac or cerebrovascular event (MACCE), defined as the composite of all-cause death, non-fatal myocardial infarction, non-fatal stroke, and ischemia-driven revascularization. Results Median follow-up duration was 25 months (interquartile range, 10–39 months). The incidence of MACCE significantly increased as ALP level increased, that is, for the <64, 65–82, and >83 IU/L tertiles incidences were 8.7%, 11.7%, and 15.7%, respectively; p for trend = 0.003). After adjustment for potential confounders, the adjusted hazard ratios for MACCE in the middle and highest tertiles were 1.69 (95% CI 1.01–2.81) and 2.46 (95% CI 1.48–4.09), respectively, as compared with the lowest ALP tertile. Conclusions Elevated ALP level at presentation, but within the higher limit of normal, was found to be independently associated with higher risk of MACCE after primary PCI in patients with STEMI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pyung Chun Oh
- Cardiology, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyounghoon Lee
- Cardiology, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Hoon Kim
- Cardiology, Sejong General Hospital, Bucheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeonggeun Moon
- Cardiology, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Woo Park
- Cardiology, Soon Chun Hyang University Bucheon Hospital, Bucheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho-Jun Jang
- Cardiology, Sejong General Hospital, Bucheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Don Park
- Cardiology, Inha University Hospital, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Woo Kwon
- Cardiology, Inha University Hospital, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jon Suh
- Cardiology, Soon Chun Hyang University Bucheon Hospital, Bucheon, Republic of Korea
- * E-mail: (JS); (CK)
| | - Woong Chol Kang
- Cardiology, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Incheon, Republic of Korea
- * E-mail: (JS); (CK)
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23
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Wu W, Yang L, Zhang S, Hao D, Yang Y, Li X, Wu G, Zhang L, Luo Z. Development of a new characteristic parameter – waveform index of finger blood volume pulse. Comput Assist Surg (Abingdon) 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/24699322.2016.1240295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Wenjie Wu
- College of Life Science and Bio-engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, PR China
| | - Lin Yang
- College of Life Science and Bio-engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, PR China
| | - Song Zhang
- College of Life Science and Bio-engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, PR China
| | - Dongmei Hao
- College of Life Science and Bio-engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, PR China
| | - Yimin Yang
- College of Life Science and Bio-engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, PR China
| | - Xuwen Li
- College of Life Science and Bio-engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, PR China
| | | | - Lei Zhang
- Beijing Yes Medical Devices Co., Ltd, Beijing, PR China
| | - Zhichang Luo
- College of Life Science and Bio-engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, PR China
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24
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Jeong HS, Kim S, Hong SJ, Choi SC, Choi JH, Kim JH, Park CY, Cho JY, Lee TB, Kwon JW, Joo HJ, Park JH, Yu CW, Lim DS. Black Raspberry Extract Increased Circulating Endothelial Progenitor Cells and Improved Arterial Stiffness in Patients with Metabolic Syndrome: A Randomized Controlled Trial. J Med Food 2016; 19:346-52. [PMID: 26891216 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2015.3563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Administration of black raspberry (Rubus occidentalis) is known to improve vascular endothelial function in patients at a high risk for cardiovascular (CV) disease. We investigated short-term effects of black raspberry on circulating endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) and arterial stiffness in patients with metabolic syndrome. Patients with metabolic syndrome (n = 51) were prospectively randomized into the black raspberry group (n = 26, 750 mg/day) and placebo group (n = 25) during the 12-week follow-up. Central blood pressure, augmentation index, and EPCs, such as CD34/KDR(+), CD34/CD117(+), and CD34/CD133(+), were measured at baseline and at 12-week follow-up. Radial augmentation indexes were significantly decreased in the black raspberry group compared to the placebo group (-5% ± 10% vs. 3% ± 14%, P < .05). CD34/CD133(+) cells at 12-week follow-up were significantly higher in the black raspberry group compared to the placebo group (19 ± 109/μL vs. -28 ± 57/μL, P < .05). Decreases from the baseline in interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) were significantly greater in the black raspberry group compared to the placebo group (-0.5 ± 1.4 pg/mL vs. -0.1 ± 1.1 pg/mL, P < .05 and -5.4 ± 4.5 pg/mL vs. -0.8 ± 4.0 pg/mL, P < .05, respectively). Increases from the baseline in adiponectin levels (2.9 ± 2.1 μg/mL vs. -0.2 ± 2.5 μg/mL, P < .05) were significant in the black raspberry group. The use of black raspberry significantly lowered the augmentation index and increased circulating EPCs, thereby improving CV risks in patients with metabolic syndrome during the 12-week follow-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Saem Jeong
- 1 Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Center, Korea University Anam Hospital , Seoul, Korea
| | - Sohyeon Kim
- 1 Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Center, Korea University Anam Hospital , Seoul, Korea
| | - Soon Jun Hong
- 1 Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Center, Korea University Anam Hospital , Seoul, Korea
| | - Seung Cheol Choi
- 1 Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Center, Korea University Anam Hospital , Seoul, Korea
| | - Ji-Hyun Choi
- 1 Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Center, Korea University Anam Hospital , Seoul, Korea
| | - Jong-Ho Kim
- 1 Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Center, Korea University Anam Hospital , Seoul, Korea
| | - Chi-Yeon Park
- 1 Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Center, Korea University Anam Hospital , Seoul, Korea
| | - Jae Young Cho
- 1 Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Center, Korea University Anam Hospital , Seoul, Korea
| | - Tae-Bum Lee
- 2 Gochang Black Raspberry Research Institute , Gochang, Korea
| | - Ji-Wung Kwon
- 2 Gochang Black Raspberry Research Institute , Gochang, Korea
| | - Hyung Joon Joo
- 1 Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Center, Korea University Anam Hospital , Seoul, Korea
| | - Jae Hyoung Park
- 1 Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Center, Korea University Anam Hospital , Seoul, Korea
| | - Cheol Woong Yu
- 1 Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Center, Korea University Anam Hospital , Seoul, Korea
| | - Do-Sun Lim
- 1 Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Center, Korea University Anam Hospital , Seoul, Korea
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25
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Brassard JA, Fekete N, Garnier A, Hoesli CA. Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome as a model for vascular aging. Biogerontology 2015; 17:129-45. [PMID: 26330290 DOI: 10.1007/s10522-015-9602-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2015] [Accepted: 08/24/2015] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome (HGPS) is a premature aging disorder caused by a de novo genetic mutation that leads to the accumulation of a splicing isoform of lamin A termed progerin. Progerin expression alters the organization of the nuclear lamina and chromatin. The life expectancy of HGPS patients is severely reduced due to critical cardiovascular defects. Progerin also accumulates in an age-dependent manner in the vascular cells of adults that do not carry genetic mutations associated with HGPS. The molecular mechanisms that lead to vascular dysfunction in HGPS may therefore also play a role in vascular aging. The vascular phenotypic and molecular changes observed in HGPS are strikingly similar to those seen with age, including increased senescence, altered mechanotransduction and stem cell exhaustion. This article discusses the similarities and differences between age-dependent and HGPS-related vascular aging to highlight the relevance of HGPS as a model for vascular aging. Induced pluripotent stem cells derived from HGPS patients are suggested as an attractive model to study vascular aging in order to develop novel approaches to treat cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan A Brassard
- Department of Chemical Engineering, McGill University, Wong Building, 3610 University Street, Montréal, QC, H3A 0C5, Canada.,Department of Chemical Engineering, Université Laval, 1065 Avenue de la Médecine, Québec, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Natalie Fekete
- Department of Chemical Engineering, McGill University, Wong Building, 3610 University Street, Montréal, QC, H3A 0C5, Canada
| | - Alain Garnier
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Université Laval, 1065 Avenue de la Médecine, Québec, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Corinne A Hoesli
- Department of Chemical Engineering, McGill University, Wong Building, 3610 University Street, Montréal, QC, H3A 0C5, Canada.
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26
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Park S, Lee JY, Kim BK, Lee SH, Chang HJ, Choi D, Jang Y. Lack of association between arterial stiffness and genetic variants by genome-wide association scan. Blood Press 2015; 24:258-61. [PMID: 26083723 DOI: 10.3109/08037051.2015.1049430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Arterial stiffness is an independent predictor of cardiovascular disease risk. However, whether genetic risk variants are associated with arterial stiffness measures, such as pulse-wave velocity (PWV), is largely unknown. Therefore, we performed a genome-wide association study (GWAS) to identify single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with PWV in a Korea population. METHOD Study participants consisted of 402 patients in the Yonsei cardiovascular genome center cohort. Arterial stiffness was measured as brachial-ankle pulse-wave velocity (baPWV). Genotyping was performed in 402 subjects with the Axiom Genome-Wide ASI 1 Array Plate containing more than 600,000 SNP markers. The findings were tested for replication in independent subjects from a community-based cohort of 1206 individuals, using a Taqman assay to include two candidate SNPs. Associations with PWV were evaluated using an additive genetic model that included age, gender, systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure as covariates. GWAS and replication analyses were conducted using the measured genotype method implemented in PLINK and SAS. RESULTS We observed two candidate SNPs associated with baPWV in GWAS: rs7271920 (p = 7.15 × 10(-9)) and rs10125157 (p = 8.25 × 10(-7)). However, neither of these was significant in the replication cohort. CONCLUSION In summary, we did not identify any common genetic variants associated with baPWV in cardiovascular patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sungha Park
- Cardiovascular Research Institute and Cardiovascular Genome Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine , Seoul , Republic of Korea
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27
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Koulaouzidis G, Wong K, Charisopoulou D, McArthur T, Jenkins PJ, Henein MY. Coronary artery calcification is not related to coronary heart disease isolated family history. Int J Cardiol 2015; 190:271-2. [PMID: 25932803 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2015.04.147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2015] [Accepted: 04/09/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- G Koulaouzidis
- Heart Centre and Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umea University, Sweden; Academic Department of Cardiology, Hull York Medical School, Castle Hill Hospital, Kingston-upon-Hull, UK.
| | - K Wong
- Academic Department of Cardiology, Hull York Medical School, Castle Hill Hospital, Kingston-upon-Hull, UK
| | - D Charisopoulou
- Heart Centre and Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umea University, Sweden
| | | | | | - M Y Henein
- Heart Centre and Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umea University, Sweden
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28
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The protective effect of lipoic acid on selected cardiovascular diseases caused by age-related oxidative stress. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2015; 2015:313021. [PMID: 25949771 PMCID: PMC4407629 DOI: 10.1155/2015/313021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2014] [Revised: 03/16/2015] [Accepted: 03/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress is considered to be the primary cause of many cardiovascular diseases, including endothelial dysfunction in atherosclerosis and ischemic heart disease, hypertension, and heart failure. Oxidative stress increases during the aging process, resulting in either increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) production or decreased antioxidant defense. The increase in the incidence of cardiovascular disease is directly related to age. Aging is also associated with oxidative stress, which in turn leads to accelerated cellular senescence and organ dysfunction. Antioxidants may help lower the incidence of some pathologies of cardiovascular diseases and have antiaging properties. Lipoic acid (LA) is a natural antioxidant which is believed to have a beneficial effect on oxidative stress parameters in relation to diseases of the cardiovascular system.
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29
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Duyuler S, Bayır PT, Güray Ü, Kalaycı B, Maden O, Kalaycı S, Kısacık HL. Impact of Aortic Stiffness Evaluated by Aortic Pulsatility on Fractional Flow Reserve. ACTA CARDIOLOGICA SINICA 2015; 31:136-43. [PMID: 27122860 PMCID: PMC4804879 DOI: 10.6515/acs20140526b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fractional flow reserve (FFR) is a highly reproducible, accurate and lesion-specific index to indicate inducible ischemia for a particular coronary artery lesion. Invasively measured aortic pulsatility (AP) is an indicator of aortic stiffness. In this study we aimed to evaluate the possible impact of AP in terms of aortic stiffness on FFR measurement. METHODS In this study, we reviewed the FFR evaluation of 90 patients who had intermediate lesions (40-70% stenosis measured with quantitative coronary analysis) at the left anterior descending artery (LAD). AP was calculated as the ratio of aortic pulse pressure (systolic-diastolic pressure) to mean pressure. RESULTS Aortic systolic pressure, aortic diastolic pressure, aortic pulse pressure and also aortic pulsatility did not differ significantly between patients with FFR ≤ 0.80 and FFR > 0.80 (p = 0.44, p = 0.28, p = 0.93 and p = 0.41, respectively). In subgroups arranged according to the degree of luminal narrowing (40-50%, 51-60%, and 61-70%), we did not observe significant correlation between AP and FFR value in subgroups with 40-50% and 51-60% lesions (r = 0.03, p = 0.95 and r = 0.07, p = 0.69, respectively). However, a statistically significant negative correlation between FFR value and AP in the subgroup of patients with 61-70% lesions was detected (r = -0.54, p = 0.04). CONCLUSIONS These findings suggested that aortic stiffness might have a possible impact on FFR measurement in coronary lesions of 61-70% stenosis evaluated quantitatively. KEY WORDS Aortic pulsatility; Fractional flow reserve; Stiffness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serkan Duyuler
- Department of Cardiology, Hakkari State Hospital, Hakkari
| | | | - Ümit Güray
- Department of Cardiology, Hakkari State Hospital, Hakkari
| | - Belma Kalaycı
- Department of Cardiology, Hakkari State Hospital, Hakkari
| | - Orhan Maden
- Department of Cardiology, Hakkari State Hospital, Hakkari
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30
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Sharma KH, Sahoo S, Shah KH, Patel AK, Jadhav ND, Parmar MM, Patel KH. Are Gujarati Asian Indians 'older' for their 'vascular age' as compared to their 'Chronological age'? QJM 2015; 108:105-12. [PMID: 25086109 DOI: 10.1093/qjmed/hcu158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND South Asians are known to carry higher burden of cardiovascular diseases when compared with their Caucasian counterparts. AIM This study was designed to evaluate whether vascular age is advanced for Gujarati Asian Indians as matched to their chronological age in apparently healthy, asymptomatic population. We have also assessed the contributing risk factors for premature vascular ageing. DESIGN It was cross-sectional study of 2483 individuals of Gujarat state in Western India having no past or present history of major illness including cardiovascular diseases. METHOD The vascular age of the population was calculated using Framingham vascular age calculator. A relationship between risk factor prevalence and vascular ageing was evaluated using univariate analysis of variance. RESULTS The mean chronological age of the study population was 46.8 (±10.35) years whereas mean vascular age was 53.34 (±16.05) years, and the difference (6.54±9.5) between both was statistically significant (P < 0.0001). Contributory risk factors for advanced vascular age apart from chronological age (75.4%) and male gender (66.2%) were the presence of dyslipidemia (60.4%) hypertension (57.34%) and increased waist circumference (WC) (male 39.7%, female 29%). Results of regression analysis showed that vascular age progression was highly associated with blood pressure (19.9, 95% CI: 14.34-27.63), followed by smoking (15.23, 95% CI: 8.4-27.59), and blood sugar (12.97, 95% CI: 3.48-48.25). CONCLUSION The Gujarati Asian Indians are subjected to premature vascular ageing and henceforth routine screening for vascular age and risk factors prevalence is strongly advocated in this ethnic group.
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Affiliation(s)
- K H Sharma
- From the U. N. Mehta Institute of Cardiology and Research Centre (UNMICRC), Asarwa, Ahmedabad, 380016, India
| | - S Sahoo
- From the U. N. Mehta Institute of Cardiology and Research Centre (UNMICRC), Asarwa, Ahmedabad, 380016, India
| | - K H Shah
- From the U. N. Mehta Institute of Cardiology and Research Centre (UNMICRC), Asarwa, Ahmedabad, 380016, India
| | - A K Patel
- From the U. N. Mehta Institute of Cardiology and Research Centre (UNMICRC), Asarwa, Ahmedabad, 380016, India
| | - N D Jadhav
- From the U. N. Mehta Institute of Cardiology and Research Centre (UNMICRC), Asarwa, Ahmedabad, 380016, India
| | - M M Parmar
- From the U. N. Mehta Institute of Cardiology and Research Centre (UNMICRC), Asarwa, Ahmedabad, 380016, India
| | - K H Patel
- From the U. N. Mehta Institute of Cardiology and Research Centre (UNMICRC), Asarwa, Ahmedabad, 380016, India
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31
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Cho SK, Cho SK, Kim KH, Cho JY, Yoon HJ, Yoon NS, Hong YJ, Park HW, Kim JH, Ahn Y, Jeong MH, Cho JG, Park JC. Effects of age on arterial stiffness and blood pressure variables in patients with newly diagnosed untreated hypertension. Korean Circ J 2015; 45:44-50. [PMID: 25653703 PMCID: PMC4310979 DOI: 10.4070/kcj.2015.45.1.44] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2014] [Revised: 08/01/2014] [Accepted: 10/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Objectives To investigate the impact of age on arterial stiffness and blood pressure (BP) variables in newly diagnosed untreated hypertension (HT). Subjects and Methods A total of 144 patients with newly diagnosed untreated HT were divided into two groups: young group (age ≤50 years, n=71), and old group (age >50 years, n=73). BP variables were measured on office or 24 hours ambulatory BP monitoring (ABPM). Parameters of arterial stiffness were measured on pulse wave velocity (PWV). Pulse wave analysis (PWA) was compared. Results Although office BP and pulse pressure (PP) were significantly (p<0.05) higher in the young group than in the old group, BP and PP on ABPM were not significantly different. Central systolic BP and PP, augmentation pressure, augmentation index on PWA, and PWV were significantly higher or faster in the old group compared to that in the young group. Age showed significant positive correlation with both PWV and PWA variables in the young group with HT. However, age only showed significant positive correlation with PWV in the old group with HT. In the young group with HT, PWA variable showed better correlation with age than PWV. Conclusion Considering BP levels on ABPM, office BP is prone to be overestimated in young patients with HT. Parameters of arterial stiffness measured by PWV and PWA were more affected by age rather than by BP level in patients with HT. Therefore, PWA variable might be a more sensitive marker of arterial stiffness in young patients with HT. However, PWV might be a better marker for old patients with HT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soo Kyung Cho
- Department of Internal Medicine, Christian Hospital, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Sang Ki Cho
- Department of Internal Medicine, Christian Hospital, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Kye Hun Kim
- Department of Cardiology, Translational Research Center on Aging, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Jae Yeong Cho
- Department of Cardiology, Translational Research Center on Aging, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Hyun Ju Yoon
- Department of Cardiology, Translational Research Center on Aging, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Nam Sik Yoon
- Department of Cardiology, Translational Research Center on Aging, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Young Joon Hong
- Department of Cardiology, Translational Research Center on Aging, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Hyung Wook Park
- Department of Cardiology, Translational Research Center on Aging, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Ju Han Kim
- Department of Cardiology, Translational Research Center on Aging, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Youngkeun Ahn
- Department of Cardiology, Translational Research Center on Aging, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Myung Ho Jeong
- Department of Cardiology, Translational Research Center on Aging, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Jeong Gwan Cho
- Department of Cardiology, Translational Research Center on Aging, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Jong Chun Park
- Department of Cardiology, Translational Research Center on Aging, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, Korea
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da Silva RF, Sertório JTC, Lacchini R, Trapé AA, Tanus-Santos JE, Rush JWE, Amaral SL, Zago AS. Influence of training status and eNOS haplotypes on plasma nitrite concentrations in normotensive older adults: a hypothesis-generating study. Aging Clin Exp Res 2014; 26:591-8. [PMID: 24760600 DOI: 10.1007/s40520-014-0218-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2014] [Accepted: 03/25/2014] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relationship between 3 eNOS gene polymorphisms and training status (TS) in affecting plasma nitrite concentration (NO2) in normotensive adults over 50 years old. Resting blood pressure (BP) was measured in all participants (n = 101). Plasma was taken to analyze: lipid profile, nitrite concentration (NO2) and lipid peroxide levels (T-BARS). Also, genomic DNA was extracted from plasma for genotyping NOS3 polymorphisms (-786T>C; 894G>T; and VNTR in intron 4). TS was determined by one-mile walk test and Functional Fitness Test Battery from AAHPERD (TS1-regular TS; TS2-good TS; and TS3-very good TS). BP was not influenced by TS, but NO2 was 15% higher in TS3 (123 ± 27 nM) compared to TS-2 (106 ± 22 nM). No differences were found in plasma NO2 in the haplotype analyses. However, the presence of the C allele (T-786C) and ASP allele (Glu298Asp) was found to enhance the correlation between TS and NO2 levels (r = 0.492 in C/4b/ASP haplotype and r = 0.855 in C/4a/ASP haplotype). This study thus identifies NOS3 polymorphism-dependent sensitivity to the effects of physical training on plasma NO2. Maintenance of good levels of training status, in carriers of C allele for T-786C polymorphism, combined with ASP allele for Glu298Asp polymorphism, may result in an increase in the NO2 plasma concentrations, which may reflect improved NO bioavailability in older adult normotensive individuals.
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Pilt K, Meigas K, Ferenets R, Temitski K, Viigimaa M. Photoplethysmographic signal waveform index for detection of increased arterial stiffness. Physiol Meas 2014; 35:2027-36. [PMID: 25238409 DOI: 10.1088/0967-3334/35/10/2027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this research was to assess the validity of the photoplethysmographic (PPG) waveform index PPGAI for the estimation of increased arterial stiffness. For this purpose, PPG signals were recorded from 24 healthy subjects and from 20 type II diabetes patients. The recorded PPG signals were processed with the analysis algorithm developed and the waveform index PPGAI similar to the augmentation index (AIx) was calculated. As a reference, the aortic AIx was assessed and normalized for a heart rate of 75 bpm (AIx@75) by a SphygmoCor device. A strong correlation (r = 0.85) between the PPGAI and the aortic AIx@75 and a positive correlation of both indices with age were found. Age corrections for the indices PPGAI and AIx@75 as regression models from the signals of healthy subjects were constructed. Both indices revealed a significant difference between the groups of diabetes patients and healthy controls. However, the PPGAI provided the best statistical discrimination for the group of subjects with increased arterial stiffness. The waveform index PPGAI based on the inexpensive PPG technology can be considered as a perspective measure of increased arterial stiffness estimation in clinical screenings.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Pilt
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tallinn University of Technology, Ehitajate tee 5, 19086 Tallinn, Estonia
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Radosavljevic N, Nikolic D, Lazovic M, Jeremic A. Hip fractures in a geriatric population - rehabilitation based on patients needs. Aging Dis 2014; 5:177-82. [PMID: 24900940 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2014.0500177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2013] [Revised: 10/10/2013] [Accepted: 10/14/2013] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
With an increased life expectancy in humans and thus an increase in the number of the elderly population, the frequency of hip fractures will rise as well. Aside from a higher incidence, hip fractures in a geriatric population is a significant problem due to the possible onset of severe and in some cases dramatic complications and consequences. The primary purpose of treatment and rehabilitation in the elderly after a hip fracture is to improve an individual's quality of life. It is important to underline that principles and methods of functional restoration after hip fracture should consider careful planning of a rehabilitation program individually for every patient and its implementation with respect to decisions made by the rehabilitation team.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dejan Nikolic
- Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Department, University Children's Hospital, Belgrade, Serbia
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Satha G, Lindström SB, Klarbring A. A goal function approach to remodeling of arteries uncovers mechanisms for growth instability. Biomech Model Mechanobiol 2014; 13:1243-59. [PMID: 24633569 PMCID: PMC4186995 DOI: 10.1007/s10237-014-0569-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2013] [Accepted: 02/27/2014] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
A novel, goal function-based formulation for the growth dynamics of arteries is introduced and used for investigating the development of growth instability in blood vessels. Such instabilities would lead to abnormal growth of the vessel, reminiscent of an aneurysm. The blood vessel is modeled as a thin-walled cylindrical tube, and the constituents that form the vessel wall are assumed to deform together as a constrained mixture. The growth dynamics of the composite material of the vessel wall are described by an evolution equation, where the effective area of each constituent changes in the direction of steepest descent of a goal function. This goal function is formulated in such way that the constituents grow toward a target potential energy and a target composition. The convergence of the simulated response of the evolution equation toward a target homeostatic state is investigated for a range of isotropic and orthotropic material models. These simulations suggest that elastin-deficient vessels are more prone to growth instability. Increased stiffness of the vessel wall, on the other hand, gives a more stable growth process. Another important finding is that an increased rate of degradation of materials impairs growth stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ganarupan Satha
- Mechanics, Department of Management and Engineering, The Institute of Technology, Linköping University, Linköping , 581 83, Sweden,
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Cho KI, Lee JH. The impact of thyroid autoimmunity on arterial stiffness in postmenopausal patients with fibromyalgia. Int J Rheum Dis 2014; 20:1978-1986. [PMID: 24410753 DOI: 10.1111/1756-185x.12257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The exact mechanism of arterial stiffness in fibromyalgia (FM) remains unclear. The present study aimed to evaluate the association between thyroid function and markers of arterial function in postmenopausal FM patients. METHODS This study included 163 postmenopausal FM patients without any known cardiovascular diseases and within a normal reference range of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) level. Clinical parameters including the Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire (FIQ), the pain visual analogical scale (VAS) and tender point counts were measured. Vascular function was assessed by brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV) and flow-mediated dilation (FMD). We evaluated the associations between arterial markers and serum TSH, free thyroxin, as well as serum thyroidperoxidase autoantibody (TPO Ab). RESULTS Patients with a high baPWV (≥ 1490 cm/s) showed more positive TPO Ab (65% vs. 10%, P = 0.006) than those with a normal baPWV. Additionally, the baPWV values of patients with positive TPO Ab were significantly different from those with negative TPO Ab. Age, FIQ and TPO Ab were significantly correlated with baPWV and FMD (all P < 0.05). Multiple linear regression analysis revealed that the only significant predictors of baPWV were age, FIQ and the presence of TPO Ab after adjustment for traditional risk factors. A significant association was also found between FMD and positive TPO Ab. CONCLUSION Age, functional status and presence of TPO Ab were significantly associated with increased arterial stiffness in postmenopausal FM patients. Given the combined thyroid autoimmunity in FM patients, a re-evaluation of the effects on the vasculature may be necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyoung Im Cho
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Kosin University School of Medicine, Busan, Korea
| | - Ji Hyun Lee
- Division of Rheumatology, Maryknoll Medical Center, Busan, Korea
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