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Peñuela-Sierra LM, Aragão-Neto VL, Lozano-Cruz P, Mejia-Abaunza JN, Ali M, Cabañas-Ojeda J, Yang Y, Alfaro-Wisaquillo MC, Quintana-Ospina GA, Vasanthakumari BL, Wealleans A, Lao Y, Oviedo-Rondón EO. Multiprotease improves amino acid release in vitro, energy, and nutrient utilization in broilers fed diets varying in crude protein levels. Poult Sci 2024; 103:103546. [PMID: 38430776 PMCID: PMC10912919 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2024.103546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Low crude protein (CP) diets can reduce nitrogen (N) excretion and costs by increasing N utilization efficiency. Exogenous proteases may further improve protein digestibility in low CP diets. This study first evaluated in vitro the efficacy of a multiprotease on amino acid (AA) release from feedstuffs and broiler feed. Later, a broiler study evaluated the effect of feeding corn-soybean meal diets containing 3 CP levels (17, 19, and 21% CP) with supplementation on top of 0 or 2,400 U/kg multiprotease on chicken growth performance, total tract CP, and ileal AA digestibilities, and energy utilization. Ross 708 male chickens were placed in 42 cages and assigned to 6 treatments resulting from a 3 × 2 factorial arrangement. Three isocaloric basal diets were formulated to reduce CP, but all diets maintained digestible Lys:CP in 5.47% and the same ideal protein profile. Data were analyzed in a completely randomized design. On average, the multiprotease increased (P < 0.05) in vitro free AA release by 27.81% in most feedstuffs evaluated compared to the control. For broiler feed, 1,200 U/g multiprotease addition improved (P < 0.001) in vitro free AA release by 18.90%. This multiprotease showed interaction effects (P < 0.05) on chicken FCR, energy, and CP digestibility. As expected, BW at 24 d, BW gain, and FCR (8-24 d) worsened (P < 0.001) as dietary CP reduced from 21 to 17%, and multiprotease addition did not improve (P > 0.05) these parameters. BW gain decreased by 12.9% when N intake was reduced from 49.32 to 38.49 g/bird. Multiprotease supplementation improved (P < 0.01) AMEn by 71 kcal/kg, CP digestibility from 59.45 to 63.51%, ileal AA digestibility, and DM digestibility from 67.08 to 73.49%, but only in the 21% CP diet. No differences in ileal AA digestibility due to CP level (P > 0.05) were detected, except for Cys digestibility (P < 0.01). In conclusion, low CP diets reduced growth performance and improved N utilization but negatively affected energy utilization efficiency. Exogenous multiprotease supplementation improved AME, AMEn, protein, ileal AA, and DM digestibility in the 21% CP diet without significantly affecting growth performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina M Peñuela-Sierra
- Prestage Department of Poultry Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA; College of Veterinary Medicine, Universyty of Tolima, Ibagué, Tolima, 730006299, Colombia
| | - Valmiro L Aragão-Neto
- Prestage Department of Poultry Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
| | - Paula Lozano-Cruz
- Prestage Department of Poultry Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA; College of Veterinary Medicine, Universyty of Tolima, Ibagué, Tolima, 730006299, Colombia
| | - Juan Nicolas Mejia-Abaunza
- Prestage Department of Poultry Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA; College of Veterinary Medicine, Universyty of Tolima, Ibagué, Tolima, 730006299, Colombia
| | - Muhammad Ali
- Prestage Department of Poultry Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
| | - Joaquin Cabañas-Ojeda
- Prestage Department of Poultry Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
| | - Yanlin Yang
- Kemin (China) Technologies Co., Zhuhai, 519040 , China
| | | | | | | | | | - Ye Lao
- Kemin Industries, Des Moines, Iowa 50317, USA
| | - Edgar O Oviedo-Rondón
- Prestage Department of Poultry Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA.
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Pirzado SA, Hassan FU, Arain MA, Zhengke W, Huiyi C, Haile TH, Guohua L. Effect of azomite on growth performance, nutrient utilization, serum biochemical index and bone mineralization of broilers fed low protein diet. ITALIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/1828051x.2021.1953409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Shoaib Ahmed Pirzado
- Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology of Agricultural Ministry, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- Department of Animal Nutrition, Sindh Agriculture University, Tandojam, Pakistan
| | - Faiz ul Hassan
- Institute of Animal and Dairy Sciences, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Asif Arain
- Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lasbela University of Agriculture, Water and Marine Sciences, Uthal, Pakistan
| | - Wu Zhengke
- Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology of Agricultural Ministry, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Cai Huiyi
- Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology of Agricultural Ministry, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Tesfay Hagos Haile
- Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology of Agricultural Ministry, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Liu Guohua
- Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology of Agricultural Ministry, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
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Jabbar A, Tahir M, Alhidary IA, Abdelrahman MA, Albadani H, Khan RU, Selvaggi M, Laudadio V, Tufarelli V. Impact of Microbial Protease Enzyme and Dietary Crude Protein Levels on Growth and Nutrients Digestibility in Broilers over 15-28 Days. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11092499. [PMID: 34573465 PMCID: PMC8471728 DOI: 10.3390/ani11092499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Revised: 08/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Protein is considered as the most expensive nutrient in animal diet and requires exogenous proteolytic enzymes for proper digestion in all living organisms. Thus, the present study evaluated different crude protein levels (CP) with or without exogenous protease in broilers diet over 15–28 days on their growth and nutrient digestibility. Based on the obtained findings, it is recommended a reduction in protein contents of diets from 21 to 19% when the protease enzyme is supplemented, to produce a beneficial impact on the growth and digestibility of broilers and also to reduce feeding costs. Abstract In this trial, a 3 × 2 factorial design with different dietary crude protein levels (CP, 17, 19 and 21%) and two levels of exogenous protease (0 and 30,000 IU/kg) was used. A total of 540 two-week old broilers (Ross-308) was randomly allocated to experimental diets over 15–28 days of age. The interaction between dietary protein levels and enzyme supplementation showed that body weight gain was significantly (p < 0.05) higher in birds fed CP-19 (1114.7 g) and CP-21 (1108.8 g) with enzymes supplementation. Feed intake was higher (p < 0.05) in broilers fed with CP-17 than CP-19 with supplementation of the protease enzyme. Results also revealed that the feed conversion ratio (FCR) was significantly (p < 0.05) improved in birds fed with CP-19 and CP-21 and protease supplementation. Total tract N retention was lower (p < 0.05) in birds fed CP-17 with no enzyme than the other dietary groups. Similarly, the gross energy (GE) was significantly (p < 0.05) lower in birds fed CP-17 with or without the protease enzyme. Abdominal fat was higher (p < 0.05) in CP-17 (0.96%) without the protease enzyme. It was concluded that a diet at 19% CP with the protease enzyme improved the performance and nutrient digestibility in broilers over 15–28 days.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdul Jabbar
- Department of Animal Nutrition, Faculty of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences, The University of Agriculture, Peshawar 25000, Pakistan; (A.J.); (M.T.)
- Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Poonch, Rawalakot 12350, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Tahir
- Department of Animal Nutrition, Faculty of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences, The University of Agriculture, Peshawar 25000, Pakistan; (A.J.); (M.T.)
| | - Ibrahim A. Alhidary
- Department of Animal Production, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11414, Saudi Arabia; (I.A.A.); (M.A.A.); (H.A.); (R.U.K.)
| | - Mutassim A. Abdelrahman
- Department of Animal Production, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11414, Saudi Arabia; (I.A.A.); (M.A.A.); (H.A.); (R.U.K.)
| | - Hani Albadani
- Department of Animal Production, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11414, Saudi Arabia; (I.A.A.); (M.A.A.); (H.A.); (R.U.K.)
| | - Rifat Ullah Khan
- Department of Animal Production, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11414, Saudi Arabia; (I.A.A.); (M.A.A.); (H.A.); (R.U.K.)
- Faculty of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences, College of Veterinary Sciences, The University of Agriculture, Peshawar 25000, Pakistan
| | - Maria Selvaggi
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Science, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70125 Bari, Italy;
| | - Vito Laudadio
- Department of DETO, Section of Veterinary Science and Animal Production, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70010 Bari, Italy;
- Correspondence:
| | - Vincenzo Tufarelli
- Department of DETO, Section of Veterinary Science and Animal Production, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70010 Bari, Italy;
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Zhang B, Zhang X, Schilling MW, Tabler GT, Peebles ED, Zhai W. Effects of broiler genetic strain and dietary amino acid reduction on (part I) growth performance and internal organ development. Poult Sci 2020; 99:3266-3279. [PMID: 32475462 PMCID: PMC7597689 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2020.03.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2019] [Revised: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetic selection in broilers has resulted in improved growth performance, meat yield, and feed conversion efficiency. However, consumers have become increasingly concerned about modern broiler welfare that is related to their rapid growth rate, which may be alleviated by nutrient dilution. This study was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary amino acid (AA) reduction on the growth performance and internal organ development of different genetic strains of broilers. A randomized completed block design with a factorial arrangement of 10 treatments (5 strains × 2 AA levels) was used. The 5 different strains of broilers were fed either a control diet, with digestible AA (lysine, total sulfur AA, and threonine) at the highest recommended levels for the 5 strains, or an AA-reduced diet, with the digestible AA being 20% lower than the control diet. Feed conversion ratio was increased by AA reduction in all 5 strains during day 0-14, 14-28, and 28-41 but was not affected from day 41-55. Body weight and feed intake responses to AA reduction varied in the different strains and ages of birds. Liver weight relative to BW on day 40, and weights of the duodenum and jejunum relative to BW on day 60 were increased by decreasing the dietary AA concentration. These results indicate that the birds had adjusted their organ growth and metabolism in response to increases in digestion, absorption, and utilization efficiency to accommodate a decrease in dietary AA content. Surprisingly, the cost of feed required to produce the same BW was decreased in 4 of 5 strains on both day 41 and 55, which was largely because of the lower price of the diets containing reduced AA levels and the later compensatory growth experienced by the birds fed AA-reduced diets. In the future, when dietary AA levels need to be adjusted to control growth rate and improve welfare status, the genetic strain, age of the birds, and targeted goals need to be taken into consideration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Zhang
- Department of Poultry Science, Nutrition and Health Promotion, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA
| | - Xue Zhang
- Department of Food Science, Nutrition and Health Promotion, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA
| | - Mark W Schilling
- Department of Food Science, Nutrition and Health Promotion, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA
| | - George T Tabler
- Department of Poultry Science, Nutrition and Health Promotion, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA
| | - E David Peebles
- Department of Poultry Science, Nutrition and Health Promotion, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA
| | - Wei Zhai
- Department of Poultry Science, Nutrition and Health Promotion, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA.
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Effects of Low-Protein Diets and Exogenous Protease on Growth Performance, Carcass Traits, Intestinal Morphology, Cecal Volatile Fatty Acids and Serum Parameters in Broilers. Animals (Basel) 2019; 9:ani9050226. [PMID: 31075855 PMCID: PMC6562632 DOI: 10.3390/ani9050226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2019] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Dietary exogenous proteases (ENZ) can be used in poultry production to improve the growth of chickens fed low-protein (LP) diets. We hypothesized that ENZ supplemented in an LP diet would improve growth performance and physiological response in broilers for 8-35 days. To investigate this, we used a 2 × 2 factorial design with crude protein (CP, normal diet (NP) and LP) and ENZ. The LP diet contained low in 1% CP and ca. 8-12% amino acids compared to the NP diet and both NP and LP diets were added without or with (1 g/kg of diet) ENZ. We randomly allocated 720 1-week-old Ross 308 male chicks to 48 pens and experimental diets. At 21 days, dietary ENZ, but not CP, increased (p = 0.007) live body weight. Body weight gain from 8-21 days was affected (p = 0.006) by dietary ENZ, but was not affected (p = 0.210) by CP. The feed conversion ratio was affected by both CP and ENZ during the starter period (p < 0.05), by ENZ (p = 0.034) during the finisher period, and by CP (p < 0.001) during the whole period. However, the interaction between CP and ENZ did not significantly affect growth performance (p > 0.05). Dietary ENZ increased (p = 0.013) the relative weight of liver at 21 days. CP and ENZ affected (p = 0.043) total short-chain fatty acids at 21 days. However, this effect was not seen (p = 0.888) at 35 days. Dietary CP increased (p < 0.05) the serum concentrations of both uric acid and creatinine in broilers. We concluded that dietary ENZ is more beneficial to younger broilers, independent of CP levels, and that its effect was restricted to body weight and the feed conversion ratio.
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Awad EA, Zulkifli I, Soleimani AF, Aljuobori A. Effects of feeding male and female broiler chickens on low-protein diets fortified with different dietary glycine levels under the hot and humid tropical climate. ITALIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/1828051x.2017.1291288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Elmutaz Atta Awad
- Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Food Security, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
- Department of Poultry Production, University of Khartoum, Sudan
| | - Idrus Zulkifli
- Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Food Security, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
- Department of Animal Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
| | | | - Ahmed Aljuobori
- Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Food Security, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
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