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Jeong S, Choi YJ. Association between Socioecological Status, Nutrient Intake, and Cancer Screening Behaviors in Adults Aged 40 and Over: Insights from the Eighth Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES, 2019). Nutrients 2024; 16:1048. [PMID: 38613081 PMCID: PMC11013844 DOI: 10.3390/nu16071048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2024] [Revised: 03/31/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Cancer screening is pivotal for early detection and improved survival rates. While socio-ecological factors are known to influence screening uptake, the role of lifestyle, dietary habits, and general health in shaping these decisions remains underexplored. Utilizing the 2019 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES), this study examined the myriad of factors impacting cancer screening utilization. Data from 274,872 adults aged 40 years or older were scrutinized, highlighting demographics, income, lifestyle behaviors, health-related variables, nutrient intake, and dietary quality. A combination of descriptive statistics and logistic regression helped us ascertain influential determinants. Higher educational attainment and income quartiles were positively correlated with cancer screening rates. Regular walkers, those engaged in moderate physical activity, and individuals with a previous cancer diagnosis were more likely to get screened. High-risk drinkers and smokers were less inclined towards screening. Dietary habits also influenced screening decisions. Notably, participants with healthier eating behaviors, indicated by factors such as regular breakfasts and fewer meals out, were more likely to undergo screening. Additionally, nutrient intake analysis revealed that those who had undergone screening consumed greater quantities of most nutrients, bar a few exceptions. For individuals aged 50-64, nutritional assessment indicators highlighted a higher mean adequacy ratio (MAR) and index of nutritional quality (INQ) value among those who participated in screening, suggesting better nutritional quality. This study elucidates the complex socio-ecological and nutritional landscape influencing cancer screening decisions. The results underscore the importance of a holistic approach, emphasizing lifestyle, dietary habits, and socio-economic considerations. It provides a roadmap for policymakers to craft more inclusive screening programs, ensuring equal access and promoting early detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seungpil Jeong
- Department of Medical Informatics, College of Medicine, Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea;
| | - Yean-Jung Choi
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Sahmyook University, Seoul 01795, Republic of Korea
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Kim JY, Hong J, Yoon J, Park J, Kim TH. Regularity of cervical cancer screening in Korea: analysis using national public data for 12 years. J Gynecol Oncol 2024; 35:e18. [PMID: 37921602 PMCID: PMC10948977 DOI: 10.3802/jgo.2024.35.e18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the frequency of regular uptake of national cervical cancer screening (CCS) program and identify associated factors among Korean women. METHODS This study is a fundamental investigation that employs openly accessible public data of Korea through secondary data analysis. A cohort of 4,663 women from the 2007-2012 Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, was followed up for up to 12 years (2007-2018) to obtain the frequency of national CCS. Compliance level with CCS was categorized, and an ordinal logistic regression model was employed to investigate the contributing factors. RESULTS The regular uptake of CCS in South Korea was low at 18.9%. The trend of regular screening showed significant association with various factors, including age (40-59 years), household income (100%-150% bracket), occupation (service workers), place of residence (small to medium sized cities), education level (middle school graduates), marital status (married), and possession of private insurance. Moreover, individuals with a history of non-cervical cancer or carcinoma in situ of the cervix, a family history of cervical cancer, or a higher frequency of general check-ups demonstrated a stronger adherence to regular CCS uptake. CONCLUSION Our findings revealed that regular participation in CCS in Korea was lower than anticipated, with factors such as socioeconomic status, personal history of gynecologic issue, and frequency of general health check-ups playing influential roles. However, further research, including an exploration of unexamined psychological barriers to screening, is necessary to gain a better understanding the reasons behind the reduced rates of regular CCS among Korean women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong-Yeup Kim
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Konyang University College of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Jeeyoung Hong
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Konyang University College of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Juhee Yoon
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Konyang University College of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Jinsol Park
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Konyang University College of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Tae-Hyun Kim
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Konyang University College of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea.
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Lee E, Jeong SH, Nam CM, Jun JK, Park EC. Role of breast cancer screening in the overdiagnosis of thyroid cancer: results from a cross-sectional nationwide survey. BMC Womens Health 2023; 23:64. [PMID: 36782225 PMCID: PMC9926730 DOI: 10.1186/s12905-023-02205-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND South Korea has the highest incidence of thyroid cancer worldwide, raising questions regarding the possibility of overdiagnosis. Examining the factors affecting thyroid cancer screening is crucial in elucidating the reasons for this unusually high incidence of thyroid cancer. Therefore, in the present study, we investigated the association between breast cancer screening and thyroid cancer screening to determine the potential role of breast cancer screening in the overdiagnosis of thyroid cancer in South Korea. METHODS We analyzed the data of women aged > 30 years who were enrolled in the 2014 Korean National Cancer Screening Survey. Self-reported breast cancer screening behavior was categorized as follows: no screening, mammography only, ultrasonography only, and both ultrasonography and mammography. Thyroid cancer screening behavior was categorized as follows: those who had or had not undergone ultrasonography screening. Logistic regression analysis was used to examine the associations between breast and thyroid cancer screening behaviors. RESULTS Of the 2270 participants, a total of 569 (25.1%) were screened for thyroid cancer. Those who underwent only mammography, only ultrasonography, or both mammography and ultrasonography were more likely to be screened for thyroid cancer than those who did not undergo breast cancer screening (odds ratio [OR]: 1.47, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.06-2.04; OR 2.71, 95% CI 1.83-4.02; OR 2.75, 95% CI 1.99-3.80, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicate that thyroid cancer screening in Korea is likely to be performed on an opportunistic basis. Therefore, a nationwide public health and medical initiative is needed to curb the unnecessary use of thyroid screening in the asymptomatic general population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunhye Lee
- grid.412674.20000 0004 1773 6524Department of Radiology, Bucheon Hospital, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, 170 Jomaru-Ro, Bucheon, 14584 Republic of Korea ,grid.15444.300000 0004 0470 5454Department of Public Health, Graduate School, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722 Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Hoon Jeong
- grid.15444.300000 0004 0470 5454Department of Public Health, Graduate School, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722 Republic of Korea ,grid.15444.300000 0004 0470 5454Institute of Health Services Research, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722 Republic of Korea
| | - Chung Mo Nam
- grid.15444.300000 0004 0470 5454Institute of Health Services Research, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722 Republic of Korea ,grid.15444.300000 0004 0470 5454Department of Preventive Medicine and Institute of Health Services Research, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50 Yonsei-Ro, Seodaemun-Gu, Seoul, 03722 Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Kwan Jun
- National Cancer Control Institute, National Cancer Center, 323 Ilsan-Ro, Ilsandong-Gu, Goyang, 10408, Republic of Korea. .,Graduate School of Cancer Science and Policy, National Cancer Center, 323 Ilsan-Ro, Ilsandong-Gu, Goyang, 10408, Republic of Korea.
| | - Eun-Cheol Park
- Institute of Health Services Research, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea. .,Department of Preventive Medicine and Institute of Health Services Research, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50 Yonsei-Ro, Seodaemun-Gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea.
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Kang HT. Current Status of the National Health Screening Programs in South Korea. Korean J Fam Med 2022; 43:168-173. [PMID: 35610963 PMCID: PMC9136500 DOI: 10.4082/kjfm.22.0052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A health check-up is one of the best ways to prevent diseases and maintain health by screening for risk factors and diagnosing diseases early. As the burden of illness shifts from infectious to chronic diseases, the importance of health check-ups is emphasized. Korean health authorities began the National Health Screening Programs (NHSPs) for public servants and private school staff in 1980. The NHSP is composed of the National Cancer Screening Programs (NCSPs) and general health checkups. NCSPs, started in 1999, included screenings for stomach, liver, colorectal, breast, and uterine cervical cancers, and they may have contributed to the improved cancer survival rate from 42.9% in 1993–1995 to 77.5% in 2013–2017 in Korea. General health check-ups included lifestyle questionnaires, anthropometric measurements; blood pressure measurement; visual acuity test; hearing test; laboratory tests including fasting glucose, lipid profile, liver function tests, creatinine, and urinalysis; and, chest radiography. Additionally, bone density, cognitive function, and depression were assessed. Testing for non-communicable diseases has improved the control rates of chronic diseases such as hypertension and diabetes mellitus. Favorable changes in the risk factors for cardio-cerebrovascular diseases may lead to a decline in age-standardized mortality and heart disease over several decades. However, many areas of the programs need to be improved. NHSPs should be designed on the basis of individual health conditions, medical needs, and scientific evidence. Greater opportunities to receive NHSPs should be provided to socioeconomically vulnerable individuals. In addition, stricter quality control of NHSPs is required. Follow-up management after the NHSPs should be systematized. In conclusion, NHSPs have contributed to the improvement of public health; however, several aspects of these programs must be addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hee-Taik Kang
- Department of Family Medicine, Chungbuk National University Hospital, Cheongju, Korea
- Department of Family Medicine, Chungbuk National University College of Medicine, Cheongju, Korea
- Corresponding Author: Hee-Taik Kang Tel: +82-43-269-6301, Fax: +82-43-269-6675, E-mail:
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Nguyen TXT, Lal S, Abdul-Salam S, Khan MSR, Kadoya Y. Financial Literacy, Financial Education, and Cancer Screening Behavior: Evidence from Japan. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19084457. [PMID: 35457329 PMCID: PMC9030491 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19084457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2022] [Revised: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Although Japan has a well-established cancer screening program and has implemented several initiatives to increase screening rates, levels of cancer screening can be further improved. Based on a rational decision-making framework, this study examines the role of financial literacy and financial education, which measure peoples' knowledge about investment and savings, respectively, in improving cancer screening rates in Japan. The main data were extracted from Osaka University's Preference Parameters Study for 2011. The dependent variable was the number of cancer screenings while the two main independent variables were financial literacy and financial education. Ordered probit regression models were run to test the association between financial literacy, financial education, and the number of cancer screenings. The results showed a positive relationship between financial education and cancer screening behavior in Japan, while no significant association was observed between financial literacy and screening behavior. Furthermore, according to findings stratified by three age groups, the positive association between financial education and cancer screening behavior was particularly evident in 50- to 59-year-olds, while the effects of other demographic, socioeconomic, and risky health behavior variables were not consistent. It is imperative that implementation of more financial education programs is an effective intervention to encourage cancer screening behavior in Japanese populations.
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Zaitsu M, Kobayashi Y, Myagmar-Ochir E, Takeuchi T, Kobashi G, Kawachi I. Occupational disparities in survival from common cancers in Japan: Analysis of Kanagawa cancer registry. Cancer Epidemiol 2022; 77:102115. [DOI: 10.1016/j.canep.2022.102115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2021] [Revised: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Lee HE, Kim EA, Zaitsu M, Kawachi I. Occupational disparities in survival in Korean women with cancer: a nationwide registry linkage study. BMJ Open 2020; 10:e039259. [PMID: 32912993 PMCID: PMC7485248 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2020-039259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We sought to examine occupational disparities in survival among Korean women diagnosed with cancer. DESIGN Population-based, registry-linkage study. SETTING South Korea. PARTICIPANTS Our study population comprised female workers registered in the Korean national employment insurance programme during 1995-2000 and diagnosed with cancer between 1995 and 2008. A total of 61 110 women with cancer diagnoses was included in analysis. The occupation was categorised into four groups: (1) managers, professionals and technical workers, (2) clerks, (3) service/sales workers and (4) blue-collar workers. PRIMARY AND SECONDARY OUTCOME MEASURE Study population were linked to the national death registry until 2009. HRs for mortality adjusting for age and year of diagnosis were calculated in the study sample and subgroups with 10 specific cancer sites including thyroid, breast, stomach, cervix, colon or lung cancer using managers, professionals and technical workers as the reference. RESULTS Women in service/sales (HR 1.25, 95% CI 1.15 to 1.35) and blue-collar occupations (HR 1.34, 95% CI 1.25 to 1.44) had poorer survival for all cancer sites combined, while blue-collar workers showed poorer survival for lung (HR 1.41, 95% CI 1.14 to 1.77), breast (HR 1.28, 95% CI 1.06 to 1.54), cervical cancer (HR 1.42, 95% CI 1.02 to 2.06) and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (HR 1.69, 95% CI 1.09 to 2.77) compared with women in professional and managerial positions. CONCLUSION We found substantial and significant inequalities in overall survival by the occupational group among Korean women with cancer, even in the context of universal access to cancer screening and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye-Eun Lee
- Korea Institute of Labor Safety and Health, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Eun-A Kim
- Occupational Safety and Health Research Institute, Korea Occupational Safety and Health Agency, Ulsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Masayoshi Zaitsu
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Public Health, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ichiro Kawachi
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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You HS, You N, Lee JW, Lim HJ, Kim J, Kang HT. Inverse Association between Statin Use and Stomach Cancer Incidence in Individuals with Hypercholesterolemia, from the 2002-2015 NHIS-HEALS Data. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17031054. [PMID: 32046107 PMCID: PMC7037780 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17031054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Revised: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Purpose: To investigate the association between statin use and stomach cancer incidence in individuals with hypercholesterolemia. Materials and methods: To examine the cumulative effect of statins, we defined a statin user as one who used statins during 2002–2003 at baseline. Statin users were further classified into high and low users according to the medication possession rate. Statin non-users consisted of participants who had never used statins during the entire period of 2002–2015, despite having hypercholesterolemia (total cholesterol level ≥250 mg/dL at baseline). Ultimately, 17,737 statin users and 13,412 statin non-users were used in the analysis. We performed survival analyses, considering the diagnosis of stomach cancer as an event of interest. Results: Median follow-up duration was 12.9 years. The cumulative incidence rates of stomach cancer were lowest in high users (1.90% in men and 0.98% in women). Compared to non-users, hazard ratios (95% confidential intervals) for stomach cancer of low users and high users were 0.953 (0.755–1.203) and 0.526 (0.399–0.693) in men and 0.629 (0.457–0.865) and 0.370 (0.256–0.535) in women, respectively, after adjusting for possible confounders. Conclusions: We observed an inverse association between statin use and stomach cancer incidence in participants with hypercholesterolemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyo-Sun You
- Department of Family Medicine, Chungbuk National University Hospital, 776 1-Soonwhan-ro, Seowon-gu 28644, Cheongju, Korea; (H.-S.Y.); (J.-W.L.); (H.-J.L.)
| | - Nayoung You
- National Cancer Center, 323 Ilsan-ro Ilsandong-gu Goyang-si, Gyoungki-do 28644, Korea;
| | - Jae-Woo Lee
- Department of Family Medicine, Chungbuk National University Hospital, 776 1-Soonwhan-ro, Seowon-gu 28644, Cheongju, Korea; (H.-S.Y.); (J.-W.L.); (H.-J.L.)
| | - Hyoung-Ji Lim
- Department of Family Medicine, Chungbuk National University Hospital, 776 1-Soonwhan-ro, Seowon-gu 28644, Cheongju, Korea; (H.-S.Y.); (J.-W.L.); (H.-J.L.)
| | - Joungyoun Kim
- Department of Information & Statistics, Chungbuk National University, 1 Chungdae-ro, Seowon-gu, Cheongju, Chungbuk 28644, Korea
- Correspondence: (J.K.); (H.-T.K.); Tel.: +82-43-261-2257 (J.K.); +82-43-269-6301 (H.-T.K.)
| | - Hee-Taik Kang
- Department of Family Medicine, Chungbuk National University College of Medicine, 1 Chungdae-ro, Seowon-gu, Cheongju, Chungbuk 28644, Korea
- Correspondence: (J.K.); (H.-T.K.); Tel.: +82-43-261-2257 (J.K.); +82-43-269-6301 (H.-T.K.)
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Lee HE, Zaitsu M, Kim EA, Kawachi I. Occupational Class and Cancer Survival in Korean Men: Follow-Up Study of Nation-Wide Working Population. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:E303. [PMID: 31906362 PMCID: PMC6981645 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17010303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Revised: 12/26/2019] [Accepted: 12/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Background: We aimed to describe inequalities in site-specific cancer survival across different occupational classes in Korean men. Methods: Subjects included cancer diagnosed members of the national employment insurance program during 1995-2008. A total of 134,384 male cases were followed by linking their data to the Death registry until 2009. Occupational classes were categorized according to the Korean Standard Occupational Classification (KSOC). Hazard ratio adjusting age and diagnosed year were calculated for each occupation by cancer sites. Results: Men in service/sales and blue-collar occupations had lower survival of all cancer sites combined and esophagus, stomach, colorectal, liver, larynx, lung, prostate, thyroid cancer and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma than men in professional and managerial positions. Cancer sites with good prognosis like prostate cancer showed wider gap across occupational class. Conclusions: Considerable inequalities in cancer survival were found by occupation among Korean men. Cancer control policy should more focus on lower socioeconomic occupational class.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye-Eun Lee
- Korea Institute of Labor Safety and Health, Seoul 07023, Korea;
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (M.Z.); (I.K.)
| | - Masayoshi Zaitsu
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (M.Z.); (I.K.)
- Department of Public Health, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Eun-A Kim
- Occupational Safety and Health Research Institute, Korea Occupational Safety and Health Agency, Ulsan 44429, Korea
| | - Ichiro Kawachi
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (M.Z.); (I.K.)
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Lee HE, Zaitsu M, Kim EA, Kawachi I. Cancer Incidence by Occupation in Korea: Longitudinal Analysis of a Nationwide Cohort. Saf Health Work 2019; 11:41-49. [PMID: 32206373 PMCID: PMC7078566 DOI: 10.1016/j.shaw.2019.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2019] [Revised: 10/28/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background We performed this study to investigate the inequalities in site-specific cancer incidences among workers across different occupations in Korea. Methods Subjects included members of the national employment insurance. Incident cancers among 8,744,603 workers were followed from 1995 to 2007. Occupational groups were classified according to the Korean Standard Occupational Classification. Age-standardized incidence rate ratios were calculated. Results We found that men in service/sales and blue-collar occupations had elevated rates of esophageal, liver, laryngeal, and lung cancer. Among women, service/sales workers had elevated incidences of cervical cancer. Male prostate cancer, female breast, corpus uteri, and ovarian cancers, as well as male and female colorectal, kidney, and thyroid cancer showed lower incidences among workers in lower socioeconomic occupations. Conclusions Substantial differences in cancer incidences were found depending on occupation reflecting socioeconomic position, in the Korean working population. Cancer prevention policy should focus on addressing these socioeconomic inequalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye-Eun Lee
- Korea Institute of Labor Safety and Health, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Masayoshi Zaitsu
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Public Health, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Eun-A Kim
- Occupational Safety and Health Research Institute, Korea Occupational Safety and Health Agency, Ulsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Ichiro Kawachi
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
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Phaswana-Mafuya N, Peltzer K. Breast and Cervical Cancer Screening Prevalence and Associated Factors among Women in the South African General
Population. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2018; 19:1465-1470. [PMID: 29936716 PMCID: PMC6103566 DOI: 10.22034/apjcp.2018.19.6.1465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2017] [Accepted: 10/09/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose: The aims of the study were to estimate the prevalence of breast and cervical cancer screening among women in the South African general population and assess associated factors. Methods: Data from a national populationbased cross-sectional household survey in South Africa in 2012 for 10,831 women aged 30+ years were analysed using bivariate and multivariable logistic regression. The outcome variables were cervical cancer screening (Papanicolaou smear test) and breast cancer screening (mammography). Exposure variables were sociodemographic factors, lifestyle variables, and chronic conditions. Results: The prevalences of Papanicolaou (PAP) smear test and mammography participation were 52.0% and 13.4%, respectively. On multivariable logistic regression analysis, women with higher education, those who were non-black African, having medical aid and having chronic conditions were more likely to undergo a Pap smear test and mammography. Living in rural areas was related to a lower likelihood of receiving both types of screening. In addition, undertaking moderate or vigorous physical activity was associated with breast cancer screening. Conclusion: Screening for cervical cancer was relatively high but for breast cancer it was low, despite the latter being a major public health problem in South Africa. This may be attributed to the limited availability, affordability, and accessibility of breast cancer screening services among socio-economically disadvantaged individuals There are some socio-economic disparities in adopting both breast and cervical cancer screening guidelines that could be targeted by interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nancy Phaswana-Mafuya
- HIV/AIDS/STIs and TB Research Programme, Human Sciences Research Council, Private Bag X41, Pretoria 0001, South Africa
- Department of Research & Innovation, University of Limpopo, Sovenga 0727, South Africa
- Office of the Deputy Vice Chancellor: Research & Engagement, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, Port Elizabeth, South Africa.
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Cho YG. Socioeconomic Disparities in Cancer Screening: Organized versus Opportunistic. Korean J Fam Med 2016; 37:261-2. [PMID: 27688857 PMCID: PMC5039115 DOI: 10.4082/kjfm.2016.37.5.261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Young Gyu Cho
- Department of Family Medicine, Inje University Seoul Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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