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Keingeski MB, Longo L, Brum da Silva Nunes V, Figueiró F, Dallemole DR, Pohlmann AR, Vier Schmitz TM, da Costa Lopez PL, Álvares-da-Silva MR, Uribe-Cruz C. Extracellular Vesicles and Their Correlation with Inflammatory Factors in an Experimental Model of Steatotic Liver Disease Associated with Metabolic Dysfunction. Metab Syndr Relat Disord 2024; 22:394-401. [PMID: 38498801 DOI: 10.1089/met.2023.0284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Background/Aims: Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are promising as a biomarker of metabolic dysfunction associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD). The objective is to study EVs and their involvement in MASLD concerning the disease's pathogenesis and progression characteristics. Methods: Male adult Sprague Dawley rats were randomly assigned into two experimental models of MASLD: MASLD-16 and MASLD-28, animals received a choline-deficient high-fat diet (CHFD) and Control-16 and Control-28, animals received a standard diet (SD) for 16 and 28 weeks, respectively. Biological samples from these animal models were used, as well as previously registered variables. EVs from hepatic tissue were characterized using confocal microscopy. EVs were isolated through differential ultracentrifugation from serum and characterized using NanoSight. The data from the EVs were correlated with biochemical, molecular, and histopathological parameters. Results: Liver EVs were identified through the flotillin-1 protein. EVs were isolated from the serum of all groups. There was a decrease of EVs concentration in MASLD-28 in comparison with Control-28 (P < 0.001) and a significant increase in EVs concentration in Control-28 compared with Control-16 (P < 0.001). There was a strong correlation between serum EVs concentration with hepatic gene expression of interleukin (Il)6 (r2 = 0.685, P < 0.05), Il1b (r2 = 0.697, P < 0.05) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (Tnfa; r2 = 0.636, P < 0.05) in MASLD-16. Moreover, there was a strong correlation between serum EVs size and Il10 in MASLD-28 (r2 = 0.762, P < 0.05). Conclusion: The concentration and size of EVs correlated with inflammatory markers, suggesting their involvement in the systemic circulation, cellular communication, and development and progression of MASLD, demonstrating that EVs have the potential to serve as noninvasive biomarkers for MASLD diagnosis and prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melina Belén Keingeski
- Graduate Program in Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Experimental Laboratory of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Center for Experimental Research, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Larisse Longo
- Graduate Program in Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Experimental Laboratory of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Center for Experimental Research, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Vitória Brum da Silva Nunes
- Laboratory of Cancer Immunobiochemistry, Department of Biochemistry, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Biochemistry, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Fabrício Figueiró
- Laboratory of Cancer Immunobiochemistry, Department of Biochemistry, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Biochemistry, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Danieli Rosane Dallemole
- Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Adriana Raffin Pohlmann
- Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Thalia Michele Vier Schmitz
- Experimental Laboratory of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Center for Experimental Research, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Patrícia Luciana da Costa Lopez
- Graduate Program in Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Mário Reis Álvares-da-Silva
- Graduate Program in Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Experimental Laboratory of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Center for Experimental Research, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq), Brasília, Brazil
| | - Carolina Uribe-Cruz
- Graduate Program in Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Experimental Laboratory of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Center for Experimental Research, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Departamento de Investigación de la Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, (UCAMI) Universidad Católica de las Misiones, Posadas, Argentina
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Zhang W, Zhang J, Shi H, Liu F, Yu H, Shi H. Exosome GLUT1 derived from hepatocyte identifies the risk of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis and fibrosis. Hepatol Int 2023; 17:1170-1181. [PMID: 37278869 DOI: 10.1007/s12072-023-10520-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS It is particularly important to identify the progression of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) for prognosis evaluation and treatment guidance. The aim of this study was to explore the clinic use of exosomal protein-based detection as a valuable non-invasive diagnostic method for NAFLD. METHODS Exosomes were extracted from plasma of patients with NAFLD using Optima XPN-100 ultrafast centrifuge. The patients were recruited from outpatients and inpatients of Beijing Youan Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University. The exosomes were stained with fluorescent-labeled antibody and determined by ImageStream® X MKII imaging flow cytometry. Generalized linear logistic regression model was used to evaluate the diagnostic value of hepatogenic exosomes in NAFLD and liver fibrosis. RESULTS The percentage of hepatogenic exosomes glucose transporter 1 (GLUT1) in patients with non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) was significantly higher than that in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver (NAFL). According to liver biopsy, we found that the percentage of hepatogenic exosomes GLUT1 in patients with advanced NASH (F2-4) was significantly higher than that in patients with early NASH (F0-1), and the same trend was observed in exosomes with CD63 and ALB. Compared with other clinical fibrosis scoring criteria (FIB-4, NFS, etc.), the diagnostic performance of hepatogenic exosomes GLUT1 was the highest and the area under the receiver-operating curves (AUROC) was 0.85 (95% CI 0.77-0.93). Furthermore, the AUROC of hepatogenic exosomes GLUT1 combined with fibrosis scoring was as high as 0.86-0.91. CONCLUSION Hepatogenic exosome GLUT1 can be a molecular biomarker for early warning of NAFLD to distinguish the NAFL and NASH, and it also can be used as a novel non-invasive diagnostic biomarker for the staging liver fibrosis in NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenyan Zhang
- Beijing Institute of Hepatology, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
- State Clinical Drug Trial Institute, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Zhengzhou Central Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450000, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- The Third Unit, Department of Hepatology, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Honglin Shi
- Beijing Institute of Hepatology, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
- Beijing Engineering Research Center for Precision Medicine and Transformation of Hepatitis and Liver Cancer, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Fang Liu
- Beijing Institute of Hepatology, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
- Beijing Engineering Research Center for Precision Medicine and Transformation of Hepatitis and Liver Cancer, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Haibin Yu
- State Clinical Drug Trial Institute, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China.
| | - Hongbo Shi
- Beijing Institute of Hepatology, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China.
- Beijing Engineering Research Center for Precision Medicine and Transformation of Hepatitis and Liver Cancer, Beijing, 100069, China.
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3
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Jiang W, Xu Y, Chen JC, Lee YH, Hu Y, Liu CH, Chen E, Tang H, Zhang H, Wu D. Role of extracellular vesicles in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1196831. [PMID: 37534206 PMCID: PMC10392952 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1196831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a common chronic liver disease that affects approximately one-quarter of the global population and is becoming increasingly prevalent worldwide. The lack of current noninvasive tools and efficient treatment is recognized as a significant barrier to the clinical management of these conditions. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are nanoscale vesicles released by various cells and deliver bioactive molecules to target cells, thereby mediating various processes, including the development of NAFLD. Scope of review There is still a long way to actualize the application of EVs in NAFLD diagnosis and treatment. Herein, we summarize the roles of EVs in NAFLD and highlight their prospects for clinical application as a novel noninvasive diagnostic tool as well as a promising therapy for NAFLD, owing to their unique physiochemical characteristics. We summarize the literatures on the mechanisms by which EVs act as mediators of intercellular communication by regulating metabolism, insulin resistance, inflammation, immune response, intestinal microecology, and fibrosis in NAFLD. We also discuss future challenges that must be resolved to improve the therapeutic potential of EVs. Major conclusions The levels and contents of EVs change dynamically at different stages of diseases and this phenomenon may be exploited for establishing sensitive stage-specific markers. EVs also have high application potential as drug delivery systems with low immunogenicity and high biocompatibility and can be easily engineered. Research on the mechanisms and clinical applications of EVs in NAFLD is in its initial phase and the applicability of EVs in NAFLD diagnosis and treatment is expected to grow with technological progress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Jiang
- Center of Infectious Diseases, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Youhui Xu
- West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jou-Chen Chen
- West China College of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yi-Hung Lee
- West China College of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yushin Hu
- West China College of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Chang-Hai Liu
- Center of Infectious Diseases, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Enqiang Chen
- Center of Infectious Diseases, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hong Tang
- Center of Infectious Diseases, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hua Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children of MOE, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Chronobiology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Sichuan Birth Defects Clinical Research Center, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Dongbo Wu
- Center of Infectious Diseases, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Anari M, Montgomery MK. Phospholipid metabolism in the liver - Implications for phosphatidylserine in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Biochem Pharmacol 2023; 213:115621. [PMID: 37217141 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2023.115621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 05/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Mammalian cells contain more than a thousand different glycerophospholipid species that are essential membrane components and signalling molecules, with phosphatidylserine (PS) giving membranes their negative surface charge. Depending on the tissue, PS is important in apoptosis, blood clotting, cancer pathogenesis, as well as muscle and brain function, processes that are dependent on the asymmetrical distribution of PS on the plasma membrane and/or the capacity of PS to act as anchorage for various signalling proteins. Recent studies have implicated hepatic PS in the progression of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), either as beneficial in the context of suppressing hepatic steatosis and fibrosis, or on the other hand as a potential contributor to the progression of liver cancer. This review provides an extensive overview of hepatic phospholipid metabolism, including its biosynthetic pathways, intracellular trafficking and roles in health and disease, further taking a deeper dive into PS metabolism, including associate and causative evidence of the role of PS in advanced liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marziyeh Anari
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Magdalene K Montgomery
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia.
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Abo-Zaid OA, Moawed FS, Ismail ES, Farrag MA. β-sitosterol attenuates high- fat diet-induced hepatic steatosis in rats by modulating lipid metabolism, inflammation and ER stress pathway. BMC Pharmacol Toxicol 2023; 24:31. [PMID: 37173727 PMCID: PMC10182633 DOI: 10.1186/s40360-023-00671-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most prevalent chronic hepatic disorder. The naturally occurring phytosterol; β-sitosterol has antiobesogenic and anti-diabetic properties. The purpose of this study was to explore the role of β-sitosterol in preventing hepatic steatosis induced by a high-fat diet (HFD) in rats. In the current study, to induce NAFLD in the female Wister rats, an HFD was administered to them for 8 weeks. The pathogenic severity of steatosis in rats receiving an HFD diet was dramatically decreased by oral administration of β-sitosterol. After administering β-sitosterol to HFD-induced steatosis for three weeks, several oxidative stress-related markers were then assessed. We showed that β-sitosterol reduced steatosis and the serum levels of triglycerides, transaminases (ALT and AST) and inflammatory markers (IL-1β and iNOS) compared to HFD-fed rats. Additionally, β-sitosterol reduced endoplasmic reticulum stress by preventing the overexpression of inositol-requiring enzyme-1 (IRE-1α), X-box binding protein 1(sXBP1) and C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP) genes which, showing a function in the homeostatic regulation of protein folding. Also, it was found that the expression of the lipogenic factors; peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR-α), sterol regulatory element binding protein (SREBP-1c) and carnitine palmitoyltransferase-1(CPT-1), which are involved in the regulation of the fatty acid oxidation process, may be regulated by β-sitosterol. It can be concluded that β-sitosterol may prevent NAFLD by reducing oxidative stress, endoplasmic reticulum stress and inflammatory responses, which supports the possibility of using β-sitosterol as an alternative therapy for NAFLD. Together, β-sitosterol may be an option for NAFLD prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omayma Ar Abo-Zaid
- Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Vet. Med, Benha University, Banha, Egypt
| | - Fatma Sm Moawed
- Health Radiation Research, National Center for Radiation Research and Technology, Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Effet Soliman Ismail
- Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Vet. Med, Benha University, Banha, Egypt
| | - Mostafa A Farrag
- Radiation Biology, National Center for Radiation Research and Technology, Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority, Cairo, Egypt
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Pan B, Cai J, Zhao P, Liu J, Fu S, Jing G, Niu Q, Li Q. Relationship between prevalence and risk of osteoporosis or osteoporotic fracture with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Osteoporos Int 2022; 33:2275-2286. [PMID: 35764892 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-022-06459-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between prevalence and risks of osteoporosis or osteoporotic fracture and NAFLD. Patients with NAFLD should be monitored regularly for bone mineral density and bone metabolism indicators to prevent osteoporosis or osteoporotic fractures. OBJECTIVES The aim of this meta-analysis was to investigate the relationship between prevalence and risks of osteoporosis or osteoporotic fracture and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). METHODS Five databases, including PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, Scopus and Cochrane Library, were searched since the conception of these databases until December 2021. The cohort studies, cross-sectional analyses or case-control studies evaluating the relationship between osteoporosis or osteoporotic fracture and NAFLD were retrieved from these databases. Relevant data were extracted from the included studies, and a meta-analysis was performed. RESULTS A total of seven studies were included. The prevalence of osteoporosis or osteoporotic fractures was higher in the NAFLD group than in the non-NAFLD group [OR = 1.17, 95%CI(1.04,1.31)], while the prevalence of osteoporosis was higher in the NAFLD group than in the non-NAFLD group [OR = 1.46, 95%CI (1.21,1.77) and OR = 1.48, 95%CI (1.31,1.68), respectively] in men and women. The risk of osteoporosis or osteoporotic fractures was higher in the NAFLD group than in the non-NAFLD group [OR = 1.33,95%CI (1.24,1.44) and OR = 1.57,95%CI (1.08,2.29), respectively]. The risk of osteoporosis or osteoporotic fractures was higher in male and female NAFLD groups than that in the non-NAFLD group [OR = 1.29, 95%CI(1.14,1.47) and OR = 1.36, 95%CI (1.25,1.48), respectively]. After parameter adjustment, the risk of osteoporosis or osteoporotic fracture was higher in the male NAFLD group than in the non-NAFLD group [OR = 2.10, 95%CI(1.36,3.25)], while no significant difference was found among women [OR = 1.13, 95%CI (0.86,1.48)]. CONCLUSIONS The prevalence and risk of osteoporosis or osteoporotic fractures were significantly associated with NAFLD in men and women. TRIAL REGISTRATION PROSPERO 2022 CRD42022304708.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binjing Pan
- The First Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Jing Cai
- The First Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Pingping Zhao
- The First Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Jingfang Liu
- The First Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China.
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Hospital of Lan zhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China.
| | - Songbo Fu
- The First Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Hospital of Lan zhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Gaojing Jing
- The First Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Hospital of Lan zhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Qianglong Niu
- The First Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Hospital of Lan zhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Qiong Li
- The First Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Hospital of Lan zhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
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Ethanol Extract of Pinus koraiensis Leaves Mitigates High Fructose-Induced Hepatic Triglyceride Accumulation and Hypertriglyceridemia. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/app12136745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Pinus koraiensis is a valuable plant source of functional health foods and medicinal materials. Hypertriglyceridemia affects about 15–20% of adults and is related to stroke, metabolic syndromes, cardiovascular diseases, and diabetes mellitus. Dietary fructose, a risk factor for developing hypertriglyceridemia, significantly increases postprandial triglyceride (TG) levels and aggravates non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. In this study, we aimed to analyze the effect of ethanol extract from P. koraiensis needles (EPK) on fructose (Fr)-induced cell culture and animal models, respectively. Our team determined the bioactivity, such as anti-cancer, anti-obesity, anti-diabetic, and anti-hyperlipidemic functions, of P. koraiensis needle extract. The EPK markedly reduced TG levels in the liver and serum and enhanced TG excretion through feces in high-fructose-fed rats. Furthermore, the EPK inhibited de novo lipogenesis and its markers—carbohydrate response element-binding protein (ChREBP), sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1 (SREBP-1), fatty acid synthase (FAS), 3-Hydroxy-3-Methylglutaryl-CoA Reductase (HMGCR), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), a pro-inflammatory marker. Consistent with the results of the in vivo experiment, the EPK decreased SREBP-1, ChREBP, HMGCR, FAS, TNF-α, and iNOS expression levels, resulting in slower lipid accumulation and lower TG levels in Fr-induced HepG2 cells. These findings suggest that EPK mitigates hypertriglyceridemia and hepatic TG accumulation by inhibiting de novo lipogenic and pro-inflammatory factors.
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8
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Angiopoietin-2 levels correlates with disease activity in children with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Pediatr Res 2022; 91:1781-1786. [PMID: 34331020 DOI: 10.1038/s41390-021-01666-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Revised: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), a chronic liver disease in children, ranges from nonalcoholic fatty liver (NAFL) to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). We investigated the role of Angiopoietin-2 (Ang-2) as a biomarker for pediatric NAFLD-related liver damage. METHODS We assessed the plasma levels of Ang-2 and cytokeratin-18 (CK18) fragments and their association with histologic activity in 76 children with NAFLD and 28 controls. RESULTS The mean plasma levels of Ang-2 and CK18 were higher in children with NAFLD than in age-matched controls (Ang-2 155.4 ± 72.5 vs 7.5 ± 2.3 ng/mL, p < 0.001; CK18 390.4 ± 145.6 vs 193.9 ± 30.8 IU/L, p < 0.001). Ang-2 was significantly increased (p < 0.0001) in children with NASH (N = 41) while CK18 was significantly increased (p = 0.002) in children with fibrosis (N = 47). Ang-2 levels accurately predicted NASH (AUROC 0.911; 95% CI 0.844-0.979; p < 0.0001), while CK18 predicted both NASH (AUROC 0.827; 95% CI 0.735-0.919; p < 0.0001) and fibrosis (AUROC 0.724; 95% CI 0.611-0.837; p = 0.001). Ang-2 and CK18 in combination were good predictors of NASH with a sensitivity of 71.4% and a specificity of 100%. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, our data suggested Ang-2 as a suitable biomarker of NASH in the pediatric population. However, our findings need external validation in other cohorts. IMPACT Several circulating factors have been extensively studied as potential biomarkers for NASH. Angiopoietin-2 circulating levels are increased in children with NAFLD and are associated with NASH. Angiopoietin-2 levels are more efficient than CK18 levels at assessing the most severe form of disease, and the combining of these two biomarkers reached a positive predictive value of 100% for NASH.
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Cadamuro M, Lasagni A, Sarcognato S, Guido M, Fabris R, Strazzabosco M, Strain AJ, Simioni P, Villa E, Fabris L. The Neglected Role of Bile Duct Epithelial Cells in NASH. Semin Liver Dis 2022; 42:34-47. [PMID: 34794182 DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-1739455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most prevalent liver disease worldwide, and affects 25% of the population in Western countries. NAFLD is the hepatic manifestation of the metabolic syndrome, linked to insulin resistance, which is the common pathogenetic mechanism. In approximately 40% of NAFLD patients, steatosis is associated with necro-inflammation and fibrosis, resulting in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), a severe condition that may progress to cirrhosis and liver cancer. Although the hepatocyte represents the main target of the disease, involvement of the bile ducts occurs in a subset of patients with NASH, and is characterized by ductular reaction and activation of the progenitor cell compartment, which incites portal fibrosis and disease progression. We aim to dissect the multiple biological effects that adipokines and metabolic alterations exert on cholangiocytes to derive novel information on the mechanisms driven by insulin resistance, which promote fibro-inflammation and carcinogenesis in NASH.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alberto Lasagni
- Division of General Medicine, Padua University-Hospital, Padua, Italy
| | | | - Maria Guido
- Department of Pathology, Azienda ULSS2 Marca Trevigiana, Treviso, Italy.,Department of Medicine (DIMED), University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Roberto Fabris
- Division of Clinica Medica 3, Center for the Study and the Integrated Management of Obesity, Padua University-Hospital, Padua, Italy
| | - Mario Strazzabosco
- Department of Internal Medicine, Digestive Disease Section, Liver Center, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Alastair J Strain
- School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Paolo Simioni
- Division of General Medicine, Padua University-Hospital, Padua, Italy.,Department of Medicine (DIMED), University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Erica Villa
- Gastroenterology Unit, Department of Medical Specialties, University of Modena & Reggio Emilia and Modena University-Hospital, Modena, Italy
| | - Luca Fabris
- Department of Molecular Medicine (DMM), University of Padua, Padua, Italy.,Division of General Medicine, Padua University-Hospital, Padua, Italy.,Department of Internal Medicine, Digestive Disease Section, Liver Center, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut
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Pagaza-Straffon EC, Mezo-González CE, Chavaro-Pérez DA, Cornejo-Garrido J, Marchat LA, Benítez-Cardoza CG, Anaya-Reyes M, Ordaz-Pichardo C. Tabebuia rosea (Bertol.) DC. ethanol extract attenuates body weight gain by activation of molecular mediators associated with browning. J Funct Foods 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2021.104740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
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He Z, Li X, Yang H, Wu P, Wang S, Cao D, Guo X, Xu Z, Gao J, Zhang W, Luo X. Effects of Oral Vitamin C Supplementation on Liver Health and Associated Parameters in Patients With Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: A Randomized Clinical Trial. Front Nutr 2021; 8:745609. [PMID: 34595203 PMCID: PMC8478121 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.745609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is now recognized as the most prevalent hepatic disorder worldwide, and an unhealthy lifestyle is the leading risk factor for its occurrence. Vitamin C (VC) has been suggested to protect NAFLD, whereas evidence from randomized controlled trials (RCTs) is sparse. In this study, we aimed to investigate the potential benefits of VC supplementation daily on liver health and associated parameters in patients with NAFLD. In this double-blind, RCT, 84 patients with NAFLD, aged 18-60 years old, were assigned to 12 weeks of oral treatment with either low (250 mg/day, n = 26), medium (1,000 mg/day, n = 30), or high (2,000 mg/day, n = 28) doses of VC supplements. After the intervention, the Medium group had a more significant decrease in aspartate aminotransferase [Medium, -5.00 (-10.25, -1.75) vs. High, -2.50 (-7.75, 0.00), P = 0.02] and alanine aminotransferase [Medium, -8.00 (-18.00, -1.75) vs. High, -3.50 (-13.75, 4.25), P = 0.05; Medium vs. Low, -3.00 (-9.00, 5.50), P = 0.031]. The levels of other indicators of liver health, such as gamma-glutamyl transferase, alkaline phosphatase, total bilirubin, and direct bilirubin were decreased after the intervention but comparable among the three groups and so did the parameters of glucose metabolism, such as fasting insulin, fasting glucose, and homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance. The plasma level of VC in patients and total adiponectin and high molecular weight (HMW) adiponectin levels were also elevated but not in a dose-dependent manner. Meanwhile, analysis of fecal microbiota composition showed an increase in the alpha diversity (Abundance-based Coverage Estimator (ACE), Shannon, chao1, and Simpson) both in the Low and the Medium groups. A total of 12 weeks of VC supplementation, especially 1,000 mg/day, improved liver health and glucose metabolism in patients with NAFLD. The elevated plasma levels of VC, total and HMW adiponectin, and the improvement of intestinal microbiota may have made some contributions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhangya He
- Department of Nutrition and Food Safety of School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xiaomin Li
- Department of Nutrition and Food Safety of School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,Department of Clinical Nutrition, Xianyang Central Hospital, Xianyang, China
| | - Hexiang Yang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Safety of School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Pei Wu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Safety of School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Shanshan Wang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Safety of School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Dan Cao
- Department of Nutrition and Food Safety of School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Guo
- Department of Nutrition and Food Safety of School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Zhangrui Xu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Safety of School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jiayi Gao
- Department of Nutrition and Food Safety of School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,Emergency Medical Center, Xi'an Public Health Center, Xi'an, China
| | - Wanyu Zhang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Safety of School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,Department of Shaanxi Health Supervision Center, Xi'an, China
| | - Xiaoqin Luo
- Department of Nutrition and Food Safety of School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
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Allopurinol ameliorates high fructose diet induced hepatic steatosis in diabetic rats through modulation of lipid metabolism, inflammation, and ER stress pathway. Sci Rep 2021; 11:9894. [PMID: 33972568 PMCID: PMC8110790 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-88872-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Excess fructose consumption contributes to development obesity, metabolic syndrome, and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Uric acid (UA), a metabolite of fructose metabolism, may have a direct role in development of NAFLD, with unclear mechanism. This study aimed to evaluate role of fructose and UA in NAFLD and explore mechanisms of allopurinol (Allo, a UA lowering medication) on NAFLD in Otsuka Long-Evans Tokushima Fatty (OLETF) rats fed a high fructose diet (HFrD), with Long-Evans Tokushima Otsuka (LETO) rats used as a control. There were six groups: LETO, LETO-Allo, OLETF, OLETF-Allo, OLETF-HFrD, and OLETF-HFrD-Allo. HFrD significantly increased body weight, epididymal fat weight, and serum concentrations of UA, cholesterol, triglyceride, HbA1c, hepatic enzymes, HOMA-IR, fasting insulin, and two hour-glucose after intraperitoneal glucose tolerance tests, as well as NAFLD activity score of liver, compared to the OLETF group. Allopurinol treatment significantly reduced hepatic steatosis, epididymal fat, serum UA, HOMA-IR, hepatic enzyme levels, and cholesterol in the OLETF-HFrD-Allo group. Additionally, allopurinol significantly downregulated expression of lipogenic genes, upregulated lipid oxidation genes, downregulated hepatic pro-inflammatory cytokine genes, and decreased ER-stress induced protein expression, in comparison with the OLETF-HFrD group. In conclusion, allopurinol ameliorates HFrD-induced hepatic steatosis through modulation of hepatic lipid metabolism, inflammation, and ER stress pathway. UA may have a direct role in development of fructose-induced hepatic steatosis, and allopurinol could be a candidate for prevention or treatment of NAFLD.
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13
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Zhang Y, Ge X, Li Y, Zhang B, Wang P, Hao M, Gao P, Zhao Y, Sun T, Lu S, Ma W. TWIST2 and the PPAR signaling pathway are important in the progression of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. Lipids Health Dis 2021; 20:39. [PMID: 33879188 PMCID: PMC8059034 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-021-01458-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To investigate the roles of the transcription factors twist family bHLH transcription factor 1 (TWIST1), twist family bHLH transcription factor 2 (TWIST2), and peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) in the progression of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. METHODS The protein levels of TWIST1, TWIST2 and PPARγ were determined in the serum of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) patients and healthy controls by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). An in vivo model for fatty liver was established by feeding C57BL/6 J mice a high-fat diet (HFD). An in vitro model of steatosis was established by treating LO-2 cells with oleic acid (OA). RNA sequencing was performed on untreated and OA-treated LO-2 cells followed by TWIST1, TWIST2 and PPARγ gene mRNA levels analysis, Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment and pathway analysis. RESULTS The TWIST2 serum protein levels decreased significantly in all fatty liver groups (P < 0.05), while TWIST1 varied. TWIST2 tended to be lower in mice fed an HFD and was significantly lower at 3 months. Similarly, in the in vitro model, the TWIST2 protein level was downregulated significantly at 48 and 72 h after OA treatment. RNA sequencing of LO-2 cells showed an approximately 2.3-fold decrease in TWIST2, with no obvious change in TWIST1 and PPARγ. The PPAR signaling pathway was enriched, with 4 genes upregulated in OA-treated cells (P = 0.0018). The interleukin (IL)-17 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) signaling pathways were enriched in OA-treated cells. CONCLUSIONS The results provide evidence that the TWIST2 and PPAR signaling pathways are important in NAFLD and shed light on a potential mechanism of steatosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanmei Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250014, P. R. China
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, the Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, 250014, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoxiao Ge
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250014, P. R. China
| | - Yongqing Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250014, P. R. China
| | - Bingyang Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250014, P. R. China
| | - Peijun Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250014, P. R. China
| | - Mingju Hao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250014, P. R. China
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, 250014, P. R. China
| | - Peng Gao
- Medical Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, 250014, P. R. China
| | - Yueyi Zhao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, 250014, P. R. China
| | - Tao Sun
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250014, P. R. China
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, 250014, P. R. China
| | - Sumei Lu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250014, P. R. China.
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, 250014, P. R. China.
| | - Wanshan Ma
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250014, P. R. China.
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, 250014, P. R. China.
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14
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Relative contribution of fat diet and physical inactivity to the development of metabolic syndrome and non-alcoholic fat liver disease in Wistar rats. Physiol Behav 2020; 225:113040. [PMID: 32603747 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2020.113040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Revised: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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15
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Novo E, Bocca C, Foglia B, Protopapa F, Maggiora M, Parola M, Cannito S. Liver fibrogenesis: un update on established and emerging basic concepts. Arch Biochem Biophys 2020; 689:108445. [PMID: 32524998 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2020.108445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Revised: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Liver fibrogenesis is defined as a dynamic and highly integrated process occurring during chronic injury to liver parenchyma that can result in excess deposition of extracellular matrix (ECM) components (i.e., liver fibrosis). Liver fibrogenesis, together with chronic inflammatory response, is then primarily involved in the progression of chronic liver diseases (CLD) irrespective of the specific etiology. In the present review we will first offer a synthetic and updated overview of major basic concepts in relation to the role of myofibroblasts (MFs), macrophages and other hepatic cell populations involved in CLD to then offer an overview of established and emerging issues and mechanisms that have been proposed to favor and/or promote CLD progression. A special focus will be dedicated to selected issues that include emerging features in the field of cholangiopathies, the emerging role of genetic and epigenetic factors as well as of hypoxia, hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs) and related mediators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erica Novo
- University of Torino, Dept. Clinical and Biological Sciences, Unit of Experimental Medicine and Clinical Pathology, Corso Raffaello 30, 10125, Torino, Italy
| | - Claudia Bocca
- University of Torino, Dept. Clinical and Biological Sciences, Unit of Experimental Medicine and Clinical Pathology, Corso Raffaello 30, 10125, Torino, Italy
| | - Beatrice Foglia
- University of Torino, Dept. Clinical and Biological Sciences, Unit of Experimental Medicine and Clinical Pathology, Corso Raffaello 30, 10125, Torino, Italy
| | - Francesca Protopapa
- University of Torino, Dept. Clinical and Biological Sciences, Unit of Experimental Medicine and Clinical Pathology, Corso Raffaello 30, 10125, Torino, Italy
| | - Marina Maggiora
- University of Torino, Dept. Clinical and Biological Sciences, Unit of Experimental Medicine and Clinical Pathology, Corso Raffaello 30, 10125, Torino, Italy
| | - Maurizio Parola
- University of Torino, Dept. Clinical and Biological Sciences, Unit of Experimental Medicine and Clinical Pathology, Corso Raffaello 30, 10125, Torino, Italy.
| | - Stefania Cannito
- University of Torino, Dept. Clinical and Biological Sciences, Unit of Experimental Medicine and Clinical Pathology, Corso Raffaello 30, 10125, Torino, Italy
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16
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Hepatic lipid droplet homeostasis and fatty liver disease. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2020; 108:72-81. [PMID: 32444289 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2020.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Revised: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
In cells, lipids are stored in lipid droplets, dynamic organelles that adapt their size, abundance, lipid and protein composition and organelle interactions to metabolic changes. Lipid droplet accumulation in the liver is the hallmark of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Due to the prevalence of obesity, the strongest risk factor for steatosis, NAFLD and its associated complications are currently affecting more than 1 billion people worldwide. Here, we review how triglyceride and phospholipid homeostasis are regulated in hepatocytes and how imbalances between lipid storage, degradation and lipoprotein secretion lead to NAFLD. We discuss how organelle interactions are altered in NAFLD and provide insights how NAFLD progression is associated with changes in hepatocellular signaling and organ-crosstalk. Finally, we highlight unsolved questions in hepatic LD and lipoprotein biology and give an outlook on therapeutic options counteracting hepatic lipid accumulation.
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17
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Matilainen J, Mustonen AM, Rilla K, Käkelä R, Sihvo SP, Nieminen P. Orotic acid-treated hepatocellular carcinoma cells resist steatosis by modification of fatty acid metabolism. Lipids Health Dis 2020; 19:70. [PMID: 32284043 PMCID: PMC7155272 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-020-01243-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Orotic acid (OA) has been intensively utilized to induce fatty liver in rats. Although the capacity of OA to cause steatosis is species-specific, previous in vitro studies indicate that humans could also be susceptible to OA-induced fatty liver. The aim of the present study was to re-elucidate the potential of OA exposure to modulate the cellular mechanisms involved in both non-alcoholic fatty liver disease pathogenesis and cellular protection from lipid accumulation. In addition, alterations in detailed fatty acid (FA) profiles of cells and culture media were analyzed to assess the significance of lipid metabolism in these phenomena. METHODS In our experiments, human hepatocellular carcinoma HepG2 cells were exposed to OA. Bacterial endotoxin, lipopolysaccharide (LPS), was used to mimic hepatic inflammation. The lipogenic and inflammatory effects of OA and/or LPS on cells were assessed by labeling cellular lipids with Nile red stain and by performing image quantifications. The expression levels of key enzymes involved in de novo lipogenesis (DNL) and of inflammatory markers related to the disease development were studied by qRT-PCR. FA profiles of cells and culture media were determined from total lipids with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. RESULTS Our data indicate that although OA possibly promotes the first stage of DNL, it does not cause a definite lipogenic transformation in HepG2 cells. Reduced proportions of 16:0, increased stearoyl-Coenzyme A desaturase 1 mRNA expression and relatively high proportions of 16:1n-7 suggest that active delta9-desaturation may limit lipogenesis and the accumulation of toxic 16:0. Inflammatory signaling could be reduced by the increased production of long-chain n-3 polyunsaturated FA (PUFA) and the active incorporation of certain FA, including 18:1n-9, into cells. In addition, increased proportions of 20:4n-6 and 22:6n-3, total PUFA and dimethyl acetal 18:0 suggest that OA exposure may cause increased secretion of lipoproteins and extracellular vesicles. CONCLUSIONS The present data suggest that, apart from the transcription-level events reported by previous studies, modifications of FA metabolism may also be involved in the prevention of OA-mediated steatosis. Increased delta9-desaturation and secretion of lipoproteins and extracellular vesicles could offer potential mechanisms for further studies to unravel how OA-treated cells alleviate lipidosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Matilainen
- Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70211, Kuopio, Finland.
| | - Anne-Mari Mustonen
- Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70211, Kuopio, Finland
- Faculty of Science and Forestry, Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 111, FI-80101, Joensuu, Finland
| | - Kirsi Rilla
- Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70211, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Reijo Käkelä
- Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Molecular and Integrative Biosciences Research Programme, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 65, FI-00014, Helsinki, Finland
- Helsinki Institute for Life Science (HiLIFE), Helsinki University Lipidomics Unit (HiLIPID), University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 65, FI-00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Sanna P Sihvo
- Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Molecular and Integrative Biosciences Research Programme, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 65, FI-00014, Helsinki, Finland
- Helsinki Institute for Life Science (HiLIFE), Helsinki University Lipidomics Unit (HiLIPID), University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 65, FI-00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Petteri Nieminen
- Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70211, Kuopio, Finland
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18
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Wang H, Lu Z, Zhao X. Tumorigenesis, diagnosis, and therapeutic potential of exosomes in liver cancer. J Hematol Oncol 2019; 12:133. [PMID: 31815633 PMCID: PMC6902437 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-019-0806-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 152] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Accepted: 10/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC, also called primary liver cancer) is one of the most fatal cancers in the world. Due to the insidiousness of the onset of HCC and the lack of effective treatment methods, the prognosis of HCC is extremely poor, and the 5-year average survival rate is less than 10%. Exosomes are nano-sized microvesicle and contain various components such as nucleic acids, proteins, and lipids. Exosomes are important carriers for signal transmission or transportation of material from cell to cell or between cells and tissues. In recent years, exosomes have been considered as potential therapeutic targets of HCC. A large number of reports indicate that exosomes play a key role in the establishment of an HCC microenvironment, as well as the development, progression, invasion, metastasis, and even the diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of HCC. However, the exact molecular mechanisms and roles of exosomes in these processes remain unclear. We believe that elucidation of the regulatory mechanism of HCC-related exosomes and its signaling pathway and analysis of its clinical applications in the diagnosis and treatment of HCC can provide useful clues for future treatment regimens for HCC. This article discusses and summarizes the research progress of HCC-related exosomes and their potential clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongbo Wang
- Department of Radiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, 36 Sanhao Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110004, Liaoning, China
| | - Zaiming Lu
- Department of Radiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, 36 Sanhao Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110004, Liaoning, China
| | - Xiangxuan Zhao
- Department of Radiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, 36 Sanhao Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110004, Liaoning, China.
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19
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Wang H, Lu Z, Zhao X. Tumorigenesis, diagnosis, and therapeutic potential of exosomes in liver cancer. J Hematol Oncol 2019; 12:133. [DOI: doi10.1186/s13045-019-0806-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Accepted: 10/17/2019] [Indexed: 09/01/2023] Open
Abstract
AbstractHepatocellular carcinoma (HCC, also called primary liver cancer) is one of the most fatal cancers in the world. Due to the insidiousness of the onset of HCC and the lack of effective treatment methods, the prognosis of HCC is extremely poor, and the 5-year average survival rate is less than 10%. Exosomes are nano-sized microvesicle and contain various components such as nucleic acids, proteins, and lipids. Exosomes are important carriers for signal transmission or transportation of material from cell to cell or between cells and tissues. In recent years, exosomes have been considered as potential therapeutic targets of HCC. A large number of reports indicate that exosomes play a key role in the establishment of an HCC microenvironment, as well as the development, progression, invasion, metastasis, and even the diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of HCC. However, the exact molecular mechanisms and roles of exosomes in these processes remain unclear. We believe that elucidation of the regulatory mechanism of HCC-related exosomes and its signaling pathway and analysis of its clinical applications in the diagnosis and treatment of HCC can provide useful clues for future treatment regimens for HCC. This article discusses and summarizes the research progress of HCC-related exosomes and their potential clinical applications.
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20
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Li Y, Wang C, Lu J, Huang K, Han Y, Chen J, Yang Y, Liu B. PPAR δ inhibition protects against palmitic acid-LPS induced lipidosis and injury in cultured hepatocyte L02 cell. Int J Med Sci 2019; 16:1593-1603. [PMID: 31839747 PMCID: PMC6909814 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.37677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2019] [Accepted: 08/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common chronic liver disease, and its pathogenesis and mechanism are intricate. In the present study, we aimed to evaluate the role of PPAR δ in LPS associated NAFLD and to investigate the signal transduction pathways underlying PPAR δ treatment in vitro. Material and Methods: L02 cells were exposed to palmitic acid (PA) and/or LPS in the absence or presence of PPAR δ inhibition and/or activation. Results: LPS treatment markedly increased lipid deposition, FFA contents, IL-6 and TNF-α levels, and cell apoptosis in PA treatment (NAFLD model). PPAR δ inhibition protects L02 cells against LPS-induced lipidosis and injury. Conversely, the result of PPAR δ activation showed the reverse trend. LPS+PA treatment group significantly decreases the relative expression level of IRS-1, PI3K, AKT, phosphorylation of AKT, TLR-4, MyD88, phosphorylation of IKKα, NF-κB, Bcl-2 and increases the relative expression level of Bax, cleaved caspase 3 and cleaved caspase 8, compared with the cells treated with NAFLD model. PPAR δ inhibition upregulated the related proteins' expression level in insulin resistance and inflammation pathway and downregulated apoptotic relevant proteins. Instead, PPAR δ agonist showed the reverse trend. Conclusion: Our data show that PPAR δ inhibition reduces steatosis, inflammation and apoptosis in LPS-related NAFLD damage, in vitro. PPAR δ may be a potential therapeutic implication for NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Li
- School/Hospital of Stomatology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Chenwei Wang
- School/Hospital of Stomatology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jiyuan Lu
- School/Hospital of Stomatology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Ke Huang
- School/Hospital of Stomatology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yu Han
- College of Life Science & Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Junlin Chen
- School/Hospital of Stomatology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yan Yang
- Department of Endocrinology, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Bin Liu
- School/Hospital of Stomatology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
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21
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Han XQ, Xu SQ, Lin JG. Curcumin Recovers Intracellular Lipid Droplet Formation Through Increasing Perilipin 5 Gene Expression in Activated Hepatic Stellate Cells In Vitro. Curr Med Sci 2019; 39:766-777. [DOI: 10.1007/s11596-019-2104-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Revised: 09/02/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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22
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Hwang YC, Ahn HY, Park CY. Association Between Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Future Deterioration of Metabolic Health: A Cohort Study. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2019; 27:1360-1366. [PMID: 31245932 DOI: 10.1002/oby.22536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE It was hypothesized that the presence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) at baseline predicts future conversion from the metabolically healthy (MH) to the metabolically unhealthy (MU) phenotype according to body fat mass. METHODS A total of 22,551 Korean participants (13,601 men and 8,950 women) aged 18 to 78 years in the Kangbuk Samsung Health Study cohort were enrolled from 2007 to 2013. RESULTS During a median of 5.1 years of follow-up (interquartile range 2.1-9.8 years), 23.5% (n = 5,298) of MH individuals converted to the MU phenotype. NAFLD at baseline predicted conversion independent of age, sex, BMI, lifestyle factors, individual components of metabolic syndrome, and insulin resistance (HR, 1.29; 95% CI: 1.19-1.39; P < 0.0001). In participants with lower BMI and fat mass, NAFLD was strongly associated with conversion; however, as BMI and fat mass increased, the risk decreased, and there was no association in participants with higher BMI and fat mass (P < 0.0001 for trend). CONCLUSIONS NAFLD at baseline was independently associated with future conversion from the MH to the MU phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- You-Cheol Hwang
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong, Kyung Hee University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hong-Yup Ahn
- Department of Statistics, Dongguk University-Seoul, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Cheol-Young Park
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Ilan Y, Shailubhai K, Sanyal A. Immunotherapy with oral administration of humanized anti-CD3 monoclonal antibody: a novel gut-immune system-based therapy for metaflammation and NASH. Clin Exp Immunol 2019; 193:275-283. [PMID: 29920654 DOI: 10.1111/cei.13159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The immune system plays a role in the pathogenesis of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) underlying hepatocyte injury and fibrosis progression at all disease stages. Oral administration of anti-CD3 monoclonal antibody (mAb) has been shown in preclinical studies to be an effective method for systemic immune modulation and alleviates immune-mediated disorders without T cell depletion. In the present review, we summarize the concept of the oral administration of humanized anti-CD3 mAb in patients with NASH and discuss the potential of this treatment to address the current requirements of treatments for NASH. Recently published preclinical and clinical data on oral administration of anti CD3 are discussed. Human trials have shown that the oral administration of anti-CD3 in healthy volunteers, patients with chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection and patients with NASH and type 2 diabetes is safe and well tolerated, as well as biologically active. Oral anti-CD3 induces regulatory T cells, suppresses the chronic inflammatory state associated with NASH and exerts a beneficial effect on clinically relevant parameters. Foralumab is a fully human anti-CD3 mAb that has recently been shown to exert a potent anti-inflammatory effect in humanized mice. It is being developed for treatment of NASH and primary biliary cholangitis (PBC). Oral administration of anti CD3 may provide an effective therapy for patients with NASH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Ilan
- Gastroenterology and Liver Units, Department of Medicine, Hadassah Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - K Shailubhai
- Tiziana Life Sciences, R&, D Center, Doylestown, PA, USA
| | - A Sanyal
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Internal Medicine, VCU School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, USA
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Arab JP, Arrese M, Trauner M. Recent Insights into the Pathogenesis of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. ANNUAL REVIEW OF PATHOLOGY-MECHANISMS OF DISEASE 2019; 13:321-350. [PMID: 29414249 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-pathol-020117-043617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 335] [Impact Index Per Article: 67.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a burgeoning health problem worldwide and an important risk factor for both hepatic and cardiometabolic mortality. The rapidly increasing prevalence of this disease and of its aggressive form nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) will require novel therapeutic approaches based on a profound understanding of its pathogenesis to halt disease progression to advanced fibrosis or cirrhosis and cancer. The pathogenesis of NAFLD involves a complex interaction among environmental factors (i.e., Western diet), obesity, changes in microbiota, and predisposing genetic variants resulting in a disturbed lipid homeostasis and an excessive accumulation of triglycerides and other lipid species in hepatocytes. Insulin resistance is a central mechanism that leads to lipotoxicity, endoplasmic reticulum stress, disturbed autophagy, and, ultimately, hepatocyte injury and death that triggers hepatic inflammation, hepatic stellate cell activation, and progressive fibrogenesis, thus driving disease progression. In the present review, we summarize the currently available data on the pathogenesis of NAFLD, emphasizing the most recent advances. A better understanding of NAFLD/NASH pathogenesis is crucial for the design of new and efficient therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Pablo Arab
- Departamento de Gastroenterología, Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8330077, Chile.,Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, USA
| | - Marco Arrese
- Departamento de Gastroenterología, Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8330077, Chile.,Centro de Envejecimiento y Regeneración (CARE), Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8331150, Chile
| | - Michael Trauner
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna A-1090, Austria;
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Novel hepatoprotective role of Leonurine hydrochloride against experimental non-alcoholic steatohepatitis mediated via AMPK/SREBP1 signaling pathway. Biomed Pharmacother 2019; 110:571-581. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2018] [Revised: 11/19/2018] [Accepted: 12/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
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Liangpunsakul S, Chalasani N. Lipid mediators of liver injury in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2019; 316:G75-G81. [PMID: 30383414 PMCID: PMC6383373 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00170.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) comprises a spectrum of histopathological phenotypes ranging from simple steatosis to more severe liver disease associated with cell injury, including nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), advanced fibrosis, and cirrhosis. Only a subset of patients with NAFLD develop NASH from yet incompletely understood mechanisms. Emerging data suggest lipid species other than triglycerides as contributors to the pathogenesis of NASH. In this mini review, we focus on the recent data on the mechanisms of NASH, focusing on these lipid mediators and their potential as therapeutic targets in NASH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suthat Liangpunsakul
- 1Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana,2Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana,3Roudebush Veterans Administration Medical Center, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Naga Chalasani
- 1Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
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27
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Nimri L, Staikin K, Peri I, Yehuda-Shnaidman E, Schwartz B. Ostreolysin induces browning of adipocytes and ameliorates hepatic steatosis. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2018; 33:1990-2000. [PMID: 29663549 DOI: 10.1111/jgh.14259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2017] [Revised: 03/25/2018] [Accepted: 04/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is associated with all features of the metabolic syndrome. Deposition of excess triglycerides in liver cells, a hallmark of NAFLD, is associated with loss of insulin sensitivity. Ostreolysin (Oly) is a 15-kDa fungal protein known to interact with cholesterol-enriched raft-like membrane domains. We aim to test whether a recombinant version of Oly (rOly) can induce functional changes in vitro in adipocytes or in vivo in mice fed a high-fat diet (HFD). METHODS White preadipocyte 3T3-L1 cells or mouse primary adipocytes treated with rOly. Male C57BL/6 mice were fed a control or HFD and treated with saline or with rOly (1 mg/kg BW) every other day for 4 weeks. RESULTS White preadipocyte 3T3-L1 cells or mouse primary adipocytes treated with rOly acquire a browning phenotype through activation of 5' adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase and downregulation of tumor necrosis factor α-mediated activation of IκB kinase ε and TANK-binding kinase 1. HFD-fed mice treated with rOly showed a 10% reduction in BW and improved glucose tolerance, which paralleled improved expression of liver and adipose functionality, metabolism, and inflammation status, mimicking the in vitro findings. CONCLUSION This study provides first evidence of rOly's prevention of HFD-induced NAFLD by stimulating liver and adipose muscle tissue functionality and oxidative potential, improving glucose tolerance, and ameliorating the metabolic profile of diet-induced obese mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Nimri
- Institute of Biochemistry, Food Science and Nutrition, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Katerina Staikin
- Institute of Biochemistry, Food Science and Nutrition, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Irena Peri
- Institute of Biochemistry, Food Science and Nutrition, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Einav Yehuda-Shnaidman
- Institute of Biochemistry, Food Science and Nutrition, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Betty Schwartz
- Institute of Biochemistry, Food Science and Nutrition, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
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Can obesity-induced inflammation in skeletal muscle and intramuscular adipose tissue accurately detect liver fibrosis? JOURNAL OF MUSCULOSKELETAL & NEURONAL INTERACTIONS 2018; 18:509-524. [PMID: 30511955 PMCID: PMC6313048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Obesity is characterized by a chronic, low grade, systemic inflammation. However, little is known about the role of skeletal muscle, which represents an active metabolic organ whose activities need to be determined. The purpose of our study was to detect relationships between skeletal muscle and adipose tissue inflammation with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and diabetes, as well as to explore associations with clinicopathological parameters. METHODS Our study population consisted of 50 morbidly obese patients undergoing planned bariatric surgery. Biopsies were taken from visceral adipose tissue (VAT), subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT), skeletal muscle (SM), extramyocellular adipose tissue (EMAT) and liver. The expression of CD68 and CD3 was assessed by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS Our findings suggest a complex inter- and intra-tissue co-expression network that links obesity-induced inflammation in adipose depots and skeletal muscle with NAFLD. A novel finding is the intricate cross-talk between SM, EMAT and the liver and the probable correlation between SM, EMAT inflammation and the presence of liver fibrosis. CONCLUSIONS Although the mechanisms of obesity-induced inflammation and its association with NAFLD and liver fibrosis are incompletely understood, our findings indicate an extensive and complex tissue network that needs to be further investigated.
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29
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Liu CH, Ampuero J, Gil-Gómez A, Montero-Vallejo R, Rojas Á, Muñoz-Hernández R, Gallego-Durán R, Romero-Gómez M. miRNAs in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Hepatol 2018; 69:1335-1348. [PMID: 30142428 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2018.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2018] [Revised: 07/21/2018] [Accepted: 08/07/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS microRNAs (miRNAs) are deregulated in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and have been proposed as useful markers for the diagnosis and stratification of disease severity. We conducted a meta-analysis to identify the potential usefulness of miRNA biomarkers in the diagnosis and stratification of NAFLD severity. METHODS After a systematic review, circulating miRNA expression consistency and mean fold-changes were analysed using a vote-counting strategy. The sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative likelihood ratios, diagnostic odds ratio and area under the curve (AUC) for the diagnosis of NAFLD or non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) were pooled using a bivariate meta-analysis. Deeks' funnel plot was used to assess the publication bias. RESULTS Thirty-seven studies of miRNA expression profiles and six studies of diagnostic accuracy were ultimately included in the quantitative analysis. miRNA-122 and miRNA-192 showed consistent upregulation. miRNA-122 was upregulated in every scenario used to distinguish NAFLD severity. The miRNA expression correlation between the serum and liver tissue was inconsistent across studies. miRNA-122 distinguished NAFLD from healthy controls with an AUC of 0.82 (95% CI 0.75-0.89), and miRNA-34a distinguished non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) from non-alcoholic fatty liver (NAFL) with an AUC of 0.78 (95% CI 0.67-0.88). CONCLUSION miRNA-34a, miRNA-122 and miRNA-192 were identified as potential diagnostic markers to segregate NAFL from NASH. Both miRNA-122, in distinguishing NAFLD from healthy controls, and miRNA-34a, in distinguishing NASH from NAFL, showed moderate diagnostic accuracy. miRNA-122 was upregulated in every scenario of NAFL, NASH and fibrosis. LAY SUMMARY: microRNAs are deregulated in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. The microRNAs, miRNA-34a, miRNA-122 and miRNA-192, were identified as potential biomarkers of non-alcoholic fatty liver and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, at different stages of disease severity. The correlation between miRNA expression in the serum and in liver tissue was inconsistent, or even inverse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Hai Liu
- Institute of Biomedicine of Seville, Sevilla, Spain; University of Seville, Seville, Spain
| | - Javier Ampuero
- Institute of Biomedicine of Seville, Sevilla, Spain; Unit of Digestive Diseases and Ciberehd, University Hospital Virgen del Rocío, Seville, Spain; University of Seville, Seville, Spain
| | - Antonio Gil-Gómez
- Institute of Biomedicine of Seville, Sevilla, Spain; University of Seville, Seville, Spain
| | - Rocío Montero-Vallejo
- Institute of Biomedicine of Seville, Sevilla, Spain; University of Seville, Seville, Spain
| | - Ángela Rojas
- Institute of Biomedicine of Seville, Sevilla, Spain
| | | | | | - Manuel Romero-Gómez
- Institute of Biomedicine of Seville, Sevilla, Spain; Unit of Digestive Diseases and Ciberehd, University Hospital Virgen del Rocío, Seville, Spain; University of Seville, Seville, Spain.
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30
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Flister KFT, Pinto BAS, França LM, Coêlho CFF, Dos Santos PC, Vale CC, Kajihara D, Debbas V, Laurindo FRM, Paes AMDA. Long-term exposure to high-sucrose diet down-regulates hepatic endoplasmic reticulum-stress adaptive pathways and potentiates de novo lipogenesis in weaned male mice. J Nutr Biochem 2018; 62:155-166. [PMID: 30300835 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2018.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2018] [Revised: 07/27/2018] [Accepted: 09/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Childhood consumption of added sugars, such as sucrose, has been associated to increased risk of metabolic syndrome (MetS) and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Although the mechanisms underlying NAFLD onset are incompletely defined, recent evidence has proposed a role for the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. Thus, the present study sought to investigate the metabolic outcomes of high-sucrose intake on weaned Swiss mice fed a 25% sucrose diet for 30, 60 and 90 days in comparison to regular chow-fed controls. High-sucrose feeding promoted progressive metabolic and oxidative disturbances, starting from fasting and fed hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinemia, glucose intolerance and increased adiposity at 30-days; passing by insulin resistance, hypertriglyceridemia and NAFLD onset at 60 days; until late hepatic oxidative damage at 90 days. In parallel, assessment of transcriptional and/or translational levels of de novo lipogenesis (DNL) and ER stress markers showed up-regulation of both fatty acid synthesis (ChREBP and SCD1) and oxidation (PPARα and CPT-1α), as well as overexpression of unfolded protein response sensors (IRE1α, PERK and ATF6), chaperones (GRP78 and PDIA1) and antioxidant defense (NRF2) genes at 30 days. At 60 days, fatty acid oxidation genes were down-regulated, and ER stress switched over toward a proapoptotic pattern via up-regulation of BAK protein and CHOP gene levels. Finally, down-regulation of both NRF2 and CPT-1α protein levels led to late up-regulation of SREBP-1c and exponential raise of fatty acids synthesis. In conclusion, our study originally demonstrates a temporal relationship between DNL and ER stress pathways toward MetS and NAFLD development on weaned rats fed a high-sucrose diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karla Frida Torres Flister
- Laboratory of Experimental Physiology, Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of Maranhão, São Luís, (MA), Brazil
| | - Bruno Araújo Serra Pinto
- Laboratory of Experimental Physiology, Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of Maranhão, São Luís, (MA), Brazil
| | - Lucas Martins França
- Laboratory of Experimental Physiology, Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of Maranhão, São Luís, (MA), Brazil
| | - Caio Fernando Ferreira Coêlho
- Laboratory of Experimental Physiology, Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of Maranhão, São Luís, (MA), Brazil
| | - Pâmela Costa Dos Santos
- Laboratory of Experimental Physiology, Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of Maranhão, São Luís, (MA), Brazil
| | - Caroline Castro Vale
- Laboratory of Experimental Physiology, Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of Maranhão, São Luís, (MA), Brazil
| | - Daniela Kajihara
- Laboratory of Vascular Biology, Heart Institute of the School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, (SP), Brazil
| | - Victor Debbas
- Laboratory of Vascular Biology, Heart Institute of the School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, (SP), Brazil
| | | | - Antonio Marcus de Andrade Paes
- Laboratory of Experimental Physiology, Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of Maranhão, São Luís, (MA), Brazil.
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Liver fibrosis: Pathophysiology, pathogenetic targets and clinical issues. Mol Aspects Med 2018; 65:37-55. [PMID: 30213667 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2018.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 578] [Impact Index Per Article: 96.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2018] [Revised: 09/05/2018] [Accepted: 09/07/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The progression of chronic liver diseases (CLD), irrespective of etiology, involves chronic parenchymal injury, persistent activation of inflammatory response as well as sustained activation of liver fibrogenesis and wound healing response. Liver fibrogenesis, is a dynamic, highly integrated molecular, cellular and tissue process responsible for driving the excess accumulation of extracellular matrix (ECM) components (i.e., liver fibrosis) sustained by an eterogeneous population of hepatic myofibroblasts (MFs). The process of liver fibrogenesis recognizes a number of common and etiology-independent mechanisms and events but it is also significantly influenced by the specific etiology, as also reflected by peculiar morphological patterns of liver fibrosis development. In this review we will analyze the most relevant established and/or emerging pathophysiological issues underlying CLD progression with a focus on the role of critical hepatic cell populations, mechanisms and signaling pathways involved, as they represent potential therapeutic targets, to finally analyze selected and relevant clinical issues.
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Kanda T, Matsuoka S, Yamazaki M, Shibata T, Nirei K, Takahashi H, Kaneko T, Fujisawa M, Higuchi T, Nakamura H, Matsumoto N, Yamagami H, Ogawa M, Imazu H, Kuroda K, Moriyama M. Apoptosis and non-alcoholic fatty liver diseases. World J Gastroenterol 2018; 24:2661-2672. [PMID: 29991872 PMCID: PMC6034146 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v24.i25.2661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 176] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2018] [Revised: 06/04/2018] [Accepted: 06/21/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The number of patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver diseases (NAFLD) including nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), has been increasing. NASH causes cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and is one of the most serious health problems in the world. The mechanism through which NASH progresses is still largely unknown. Activation of caspases, Bcl-2 family proteins, and c-Jun N-terminal kinase-induced hepatocyte apoptosis plays a role in the activation of NAFLD/NASH. Apoptotic hepatocytes stimulate immune cells and hepatic stellate cells toward the progression of fibrosis in the liver through the production of inflammasomes and cytokines. Abnormalities in glucose and lipid metabolism as well as microbiota accelerate these processes. The production of reactive oxygen species, oxidative stress, and endoplasmic reticulum stress is also involved. Cell death, including apoptosis, seems very important in the progression of NAFLD and NASH. Recently, inhibitors of apoptosis have been developed as drugs for the treatment of NASH and may prevent cirrhosis and HCC. Increased hepatocyte apoptosis may distinguish NASH from NAFLD, and the improvement of apoptosis could play a role in controlling the development of NASH. In this review, the association between apoptosis and NAFLD/NASH are discussed. This review could provide their knowledge, which plays a role in seeing the patients with NAFLD/NASH in daily clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuo Kanda
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-8610, Japan
| | - Shunichi Matsuoka
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-8610, Japan
| | - Motomi Yamazaki
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-8610, Japan
| | - Toshikatsu Shibata
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-8610, Japan
| | - Kazushige Nirei
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-8610, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Takahashi
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-8610, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Kaneko
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-8610, Japan
| | - Mariko Fujisawa
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-8610, Japan
| | - Teruhisa Higuchi
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-8610, Japan
| | - Hitomi Nakamura
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-8610, Japan
| | - Naoki Matsumoto
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-8610, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Yamagami
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-8610, Japan
| | - Masahiro Ogawa
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-8610, Japan
| | - Hiroo Imazu
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-8610, Japan
| | - Kazumichi Kuroda
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-8610, Japan
| | - Mitsuhiko Moriyama
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-8610, Japan
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Qiu Y, Wang S, Wan T, Ye M, Jiang R, Pei L, Yang L. Blood-based novel biomarkers for nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. Biomark Med 2018; 12:501-515. [PMID: 29712439 DOI: 10.2217/bmm-2017-0361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease has become a social health challenge of global concern. The term nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is a more severe condition than simple steatosis and distinguishing NASH from nonalcoholic fatty liver disease is particularly important. Liver biopsy remains a gold standard in diagnosing NASH. Meanwhile, radiological techniques such as ultrasonography and MRI are also applied widely. However, the invasive and expensive examination is not suitable for screening, and there is a great need for reliable and appropriate biomarkers to screen patients for NASH. Based on the current studies of blood-based novel biomarkers, we attempt to summarize the latest findings on biomarkers for NASH, including blood biomarkers encompassing proteins, lipids and miRNAs; the correlation between extracellular vesicles and NASH; and treatment strategies for NASH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Qiu
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, PR China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition & Health, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, PR China
| | - Sufan Wang
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, PR China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition & Health, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, PR China
| | - Ting Wan
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, PR China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition & Health, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, PR China
| | - Mingtong Ye
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, PR China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition & Health, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, PR China
| | - Rui Jiang
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, PR China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition & Health, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, PR China
| | - Lei Pei
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, PR China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition & Health, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, PR China
| | - Lili Yang
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, PR China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition & Health, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, PR China
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Efficient scalable production of therapeutic microvesicles derived from human mesenchymal stem cells. Sci Rep 2018; 8:1171. [PMID: 29352188 PMCID: PMC5775399 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-19211-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2017] [Accepted: 12/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Microvesicles (MVs) released by cells are involved in a multitude of physiological events as important mediators of intercellular communication. MVs derived from mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) contain various paracrine factors from the cells that primarily contribute to their therapeutic efficacy observed in numerous clinical trials. As nano-sized and bi-lipid layered vesicles retaining therapeutic potency equivalent to that of MSCs, MSC-derived MVs have been in focus as ideal medicinal candidates for regenerative medicine, and are preferred over MSC infusion therapy with their improved safety profiles. However, technical challenges in obtaining sufficient amounts of MVs have limited further progress in studies and clinical application. Of the multiple efforts to reinforce the therapeutic capacity of MSCs, few studies have reportedly examined the scale-up of MSC-derived MV production. In this study, we successfully amplified MV secretion from MSCs compared to the conventional culture method using a simple and efficient 3D-bioprocessing method. The MSC-derived MVs produced in our dynamic 3D-culture contained numerous therapeutic factors such as cytokines and micro-RNAs, and showed their therapeutic potency in in vitro efficacy evaluation. Our results may facilitate diverse applications of MSC-derived MVs from the bench to the bedside, which requires the large-scale production of MVs.
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Tran M, Lee SM, Shin DJ, Wang L. Loss of miR-141/200c ameliorates hepatic steatosis and inflammation by reprogramming multiple signaling pathways in NASH. JCI Insight 2017; 2:96094. [PMID: 29093267 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.96094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2017] [Accepted: 09/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Accumulation of lipid droplets and inflammatory cell infiltration is the hallmark of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). The roles of noncoding RNAs in NASH are less known. We aim to elucidate the function of miR-141/200c in diet-induced NASH. WT and miR-141/200c-/- mice were fed a methionine and choline deficient (MCD) diet for 2 weeks to assess markers of steatosis, liver injury, and inflammation. Hepatic miR-141 and miR-200c RNA levels were highly induced in human patients with NASH fatty liver and in WT MCD mice. miR-141/200c-/- MCD mice had reduced liver weights and triglyceride (TG) levels, which was associated with increased microsomal TG transfer protein (MTTP) and PPARα but reduced SREBP1c and FAS expression. Inflammation was attenuated and F4/80 macrophage activation was suppressed in miR-141/200c-/- mice, as evidenced by decreased serum aminotransferases and IL-6 and reduced hepatic proinflammatory, neutrophil, and profibrotic genes. Treatment with LPS in BM-derived macrophages isolated from miR-200c/141-/- mice polarized macrophages toward the M2 antiinflammatory state by increasing Arg1 and IL-10 levels while decreasing the M1 marker iNOS. In addition, elevated phosphorylated AMPK (p-AMPK), p-AKT, and p-GSK3β and diminished TLR4 and p-mTOR/p-4EBP1 proteins were observed. Lipidomics and metabolomics revealed alterations of TG and phosphatidylcholine (PC) lipid species by miR-141/200c deficiency. In summary, miR-141/200c deficiency diminished NASH-associated hepatic steatosis and inflammation by reprogramming lipid and inflammation signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie Tran
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, and the Institute for Systems Genomics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, USA
| | - Sang-Min Lee
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, and the Institute for Systems Genomics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, USA
| | - Dong-Ju Shin
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, and the Institute for Systems Genomics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, USA
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, and the Institute for Systems Genomics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, USA.,Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, Connecticut, USA.,Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Digestive Diseases, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA.,School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
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Kim SH, Kim G, Han DH, Lee M, Kim I, Kim B, Kim KH, Song YM, Yoo JE, Wang HJ, Bae SH, Lee YH, Lee BW, Kang ES, Cha BS, Lee MS. Ezetimibe ameliorates steatohepatitis via AMP activated protein kinase-TFEB-mediated activation of autophagy and NLRP3 inflammasome inhibition. Autophagy 2017; 13:1767-1781. [PMID: 28933629 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2017.1356977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Impairment in macroautophagy/autophagy flux and inflammasome activation are common characteristics of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Considering the lack of approved agents for treating NASH, drugs that can enhance autophagy and modulate inflammasome pathways may be beneficial. Here, we investigated the novel mechanism of ezetimibe, a widely prescribed drug for hypercholesterolemia, as a therapeutic option for ameliorating NASH. Human liver samples with steatosis and NASH were analyzed. For in vitro studies of autophagy and inflammasomes, primary mouse hepatocytes, human hepatoma cells, mouse embryonic fibroblasts with Ampk or Tsc2 knockout, and human or primary mouse macrophages were treated with ezetimibe and palmitate. Steatohepatitis and fibrosis were induced by feeding Atg7 wild-type, haploinsufficient, and knockout mice a methionine- and choline-deficient diet with ezetimibe (10 mg/kg) for 4 wk. Human livers with steatosis or NASH presented impaired autophagy with decreased nuclear TFEB and increased SQSTM1, MAP1LC3-II, and NLRP3 expression. Ezetimibe increased autophagy flux and concomitantly ameliorated lipid accumulation and apoptosis in palmitate-exposed hepatocytes. Ezetimibe induced AMPK phosphorylation and subsequent TFEB nuclear translocation, related to MAPK/ERK. In macrophages, ezetimibe blocked the NLRP3 inflammasome-IL1B pathway in an autophagy-dependent manner and modulated hepatocyte-macrophage interaction via extracellular vesicles. Ezetimibe attenuated lipid accumulation, inflammation, and fibrosis in liver-specific Atg7 wild-type and haploinsufficient mice, but not in knockout mice. Ezetimibe ameliorates steatohepatitis by autophagy induction through AMPK activation and TFEB nuclear translocation, related to an independent MTOR ameliorative effect and the MAPK/ERK pathway. Ezetimibe dampens NLRP3 inflammasome activation in macrophages by modulating autophagy and a hepatocyte-driven exosome pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soo Hyun Kim
- a Department of Internal Medicine , Yonsei University College of Medicine , Seoul , Korea
| | - Gyuri Kim
- a Department of Internal Medicine , Yonsei University College of Medicine , Seoul , Korea.,b Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center , Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine , Seoul , Korea.,c Graduate School , Yonsei University College of Medicine , Seoul , Korea
| | - Dai Hoon Han
- d Department of Surgery , Yonsei University College of Medicine , Seoul , Korea
| | - Milim Lee
- a Department of Internal Medicine , Yonsei University College of Medicine , Seoul , Korea
| | - Irene Kim
- a Department of Internal Medicine , Yonsei University College of Medicine , Seoul , Korea
| | - Bohkyung Kim
- a Department of Internal Medicine , Yonsei University College of Medicine , Seoul , Korea
| | - Kook Hwan Kim
- e Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Yonsei Biomedical Research Institute , Yonsei University College of Medicine , Seoul , Korea
| | - Young-Mi Song
- f Department of Medicine, Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mt. Sinai Hospital , University of Toronto , Toronto , Canada
| | - Jeong Eun Yoo
- g Department of Pathology , Yonsei University College of Medicine , Seoul , Korea
| | - Hye Jin Wang
- h Department of Pharmacology , Yonsei University College of Medicine , Seoul , Korea
| | - Soo Han Bae
- e Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Yonsei Biomedical Research Institute , Yonsei University College of Medicine , Seoul , Korea
| | - Yong-Ho Lee
- a Department of Internal Medicine , Yonsei University College of Medicine , Seoul , Korea.,c Graduate School , Yonsei University College of Medicine , Seoul , Korea.,i Institute of Endocrine Research , Yonsei University College of Medicine , Seoul , Korea
| | - Byung-Wan Lee
- a Department of Internal Medicine , Yonsei University College of Medicine , Seoul , Korea.,c Graduate School , Yonsei University College of Medicine , Seoul , Korea.,i Institute of Endocrine Research , Yonsei University College of Medicine , Seoul , Korea
| | - Eun Seok Kang
- a Department of Internal Medicine , Yonsei University College of Medicine , Seoul , Korea.,c Graduate School , Yonsei University College of Medicine , Seoul , Korea.,i Institute of Endocrine Research , Yonsei University College of Medicine , Seoul , Korea
| | - Bong-Soo Cha
- a Department of Internal Medicine , Yonsei University College of Medicine , Seoul , Korea.,c Graduate School , Yonsei University College of Medicine , Seoul , Korea.,i Institute of Endocrine Research , Yonsei University College of Medicine , Seoul , Korea
| | - Myung-Shik Lee
- a Department of Internal Medicine , Yonsei University College of Medicine , Seoul , Korea.,e Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Yonsei Biomedical Research Institute , Yonsei University College of Medicine , Seoul , Korea
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Kim G, Kim KJ, Rhee Y, Lim SK. Significant liver fibrosis assessed using liver transient elastography is independently associated with low bone mineral density in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0182202. [PMID: 28759632 PMCID: PMC5536288 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0182202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2017] [Accepted: 07/16/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Metabolic bone disorders frequently occur in patients with chronic liver disease; however, the association between liver fibrosis and bone mineral density in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is unclear. Methods This is a cross-sectional analysis of 231 asymptomatic subjects (160 women, 61.6 years old) from a university hospital setting, between February 2012 and December 2014. Bone mineral density (BMD) was measured at the lumbar spine, femur neck, and total hip using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Liver fibrosis and steatosis were assessed using transient elastography. Results Among a total of 231 individuals, 129 subjects (55.8%) had NAFLD. BMDs at lumbar spine, femur neck, and total hip were significantly lower in patients having NAFLD with significant fibrosis, compared with patients having NAFLD without significant fibrosis (Ps<0.005). In patients with NAFLD, significant liver fibrosis revealed marked negative correlations with BMD at the lumber spine (r = –0.19, P = 0.032), femur neck (r = –0.19, P = 0.034), and total hip (r = –0.21, P = 0.016). A multivariate linear regression analysis revealed that significant liver fibrosis was independently correlated with low BMD at the femur neck (β = –0.18, P = 0.039) and total hip (β = –0.21, P = 0.005) after adjustment for age, sex, BMI, fasting plasma glucose, alanine aminotransferase, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and liver steatosis among patients with NAFLD. Using multivariable logistic regression, significant liver fibrosis was independently associated with overall osteopenia and osteoporosis in subjects having NAFLD (OR = 4.10, 95% CI = 1.02–16.45). Conclusion The presence of significant liver fibrosis assessed via TE was independently associated with low BMD in NAFLD subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gyuri Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang Joon Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yumie Rhee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Kil Lim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- * E-mail:
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Kim J, Lee DY, Park SE, Park CY, Lee WY, Oh KW, Park SW, Rhee EJ. Increased risk for development of coronary artery calcification in subjects with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and systemic inflammation. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0180118. [PMID: 28686633 PMCID: PMC5501459 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0180118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2016] [Accepted: 06/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Recent studies have suggested the importance of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and systemic inflammation in the development of atherosclerosis. The aim of this study was to compare the risk for coronary artery calcification (CAC) development according to the status of NAFLD and inflammation over four years of follow-up in subjects without baseline CAC. Methods A total of 1,575 participants in a health screening program were divided into four groups according to baseline NAFLD state and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) (median 0.06 mg/L) levels as follows: no NAFLD and hs-CRP <0.06 mg/L, no NAFLD and hs-CRP ≥0.06 mg/L, NAFLD and hs-CRP <0.06 mg/L, and NAFLD and hs-CRP ≥0.06 mg/L. Coronary artery calcium score (CACS) was repeatedly measured by multi-detector computed tomography at four-year intervals and CAC development during those intervals was monitored in subjects with baseline CACS = 0. Results Over four years, 148 subjects (9.4%) developed CAC. The proportion of subjects who developed CAC was significantly higher in subjects with NAFLD at baseline compared with those without NAFLD at baseline (6.8 vs. 12.4%, p<0.01), and it was also higher in subjects with hs-CRP ≥0.06 mg/L compared with those with hs-CRP <0.06 mg/L (7.2 vs. 11.5%, p<0.01). In addition, the proportion of subjects who developed CAC was highest in subjects with NAFLD and hs-CRP ≥0.06 mg/dL, followed by subjects with NAFLD, subjects without NAFLD and hs-CRP ≥0.06 mg/L, and subjects without NALFD and hs-CRP <0.05 mg/L at baseline, in that order (13.7, 10.0, 8.3, and 5.8%, respectively; p for trend<0.01). The odds ratio for CAC development was highest in subjects with NAFLD and hs-CRP ≥0.06 mg/L (1.67, 95% CI 1.01–2.77), though it was attenuated after adjustment for body mass index. Conclusions The concomitant presence of NAFLD and systemic inflammation as assessed by hs-CRP increases the risk of CAC development over four years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihyun Kim
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Da Young Lee
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Se Eun Park
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Cheol-Young Park
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Won-Young Lee
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ki-Won Oh
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sung-Woo Park
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Eun-Jung Rhee
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- * E-mail:
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Jorgačević B, Vučević D, Đuričić I, Šobajić S, Mladenović D, Vesković M, Vukićević RJ, Radosavljević T. The effect of cannabinoid receptor 1 blockade on hepatic free fatty acid profile in mice with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Chem Phys Lipids 2017; 204:85-93. [PMID: 28363784 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphyslip.2017.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2017] [Revised: 03/06/2017] [Accepted: 03/14/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
We used rimonabant to investigate the role of CB1 receptor on hepatic FFAs profile during NAFLD. Male mice C57BL/6 were divided into: control group fed with control diet 20 weeks (C; n=6); group fed with HFD 20 weeks (HF; n=6); group fed with control diet and treated with rimonabant after 18 weeks (R; n=9); group fed with HFD and treated with rimonabant after 18 weeks (HFR; n=10). Rimonabant (10mg/kg) was administered daily to HFR and R group by oral gavage. Rimonabant decreased liver palmitic acid proportion in HFR group compared to HF group (p<0.05). Liver stearic and oleic acid proportions were decreased in R group compared to control (p<0.01 respectively). Rimonabant increased liver linoleic and arachidonic acid proportions in HFR group compared to HF group (p<0.01 respectively). CB1 blockade may be useful in the treatment of HFD-induced NAFLD due to modulation of plasma lipid and hepatic FFA profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bojan Jorgačević
- Institute of Pathophysiology "Ljubodrag Buba Mihailović", Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Danijela Vučević
- Institute of Pathophysiology "Ljubodrag Buba Mihailović", Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ivana Đuričić
- Department for Bromatology, Faculty of Farmacy, University of Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Slađana Šobajić
- Department for Bromatology, Faculty of Farmacy, University of Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Dušan Mladenović
- Institute of Pathophysiology "Ljubodrag Buba Mihailović", Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Milena Vesković
- Institute of Pathophysiology "Ljubodrag Buba Mihailović", Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Serbia
| | | | - Tatjana Radosavljević
- Institute of Pathophysiology "Ljubodrag Buba Mihailović", Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Serbia.
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Ameliorative effects of Compound K and ginsenoside Rh1 on non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in rats. Sci Rep 2017; 7:41144. [PMID: 28106137 PMCID: PMC5247696 DOI: 10.1038/srep41144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2016] [Accepted: 12/15/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a common liver disease, which has no standard treatment available. Panax notoginseng saponines (PNS) have recently been reported to protect liver against hepatocyte injury induced by ethanol or high fat diet (HFD) in rats. Compound K and ginsenoside Rh1 are the main metabolites of PNS. In this study, we evaluated the effects of CK and Rh1 on NAFLD. Rats fed HFD showed significant elevations in liver function markers, lipids, glucose tolerance, and insulin resistance. Treatment with CK or Rh1 either alone or in combination dramatically ameliorated the liver function impairment induced by HFD. Histologically, CK and Rh1 significantly reversed HFD-induced hepatocyte injury and liver fibrosis. In vitro experiments demonstrated that treatment with CK or Rh1 alone or in combination markedly induced cell apoptosis, and inhibited cell proliferation and activation in HSC-T6 cells. Additionally, CK and Rh1, either alone or in combination, also repressed the expression of fibrotic factors TIMP-1, PC-I, and PC-III. Taken together, our results demonstrate that CK and Rh1 have positive effects on NAFLD via the anti-fibrotic and hepatoprotective activity.
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Huh JH, Kim KJ, Kim SU, Han SH, Han KH, Cha BS, Chung CH, Lee BW. Obesity is more closely related with hepatic steatosis and fibrosis measured by transient elastography than metabolic health status. Metabolism 2017; 66:23-31. [PMID: 27923446 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2016.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2016] [Revised: 10/03/2016] [Accepted: 10/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The pathogenesis of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) involves multiple concomitant events induced by obesity and metabolic health condition. This study aimed to assess the risk of NAFLD according to metabolic health and obesity status using transient elastography (TE). MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 2198 asymptomatic adults without chronic liver disease and who underwent a medical health check-up were recruited. Subjects were categorized into four groups according to metabolic health and obesity statuses: metabolically healthy non-obese (MHNO); metabolically unhealthy non-obese (MUNO); metabolically healthy obese (MHO); and metabolically unhealthy obese (MUO). Hepatic steatosis was defined as controlled attenuation parameter (CAP)≥238dB/m, and significant liver fibrosis was defined as liver stiffness measurement (LSM) >7.0kPa, as defined by TE. RESULTS Compared with MHNO group, the odds ratios (ORs) [95% confidence interval (CI)] for hepatic steatosis were 2.94 [2.32-3.71], 4.62 [3.52-6.07], and 12.02 [9.08-15.92] in the MUNO, MHO, and MUO groups, respectively (P<0.001) in crude model. Regarding liver fibrosis, there was no significant difference in the ORs in MUNO group (ORs: 0.95 [95% CI, 0.33-2.78], P value = 0.929), whereas there was a significant increase in the ORs in MHO group compared with MHNO group (ORs: 4.32 [95% CI, 1.73-10.76], P=0.002) in the fully adjusted model. CONCLUSION Our results show that MHO was associated with both liver steatosis and fibrosis assessed by transient elastography. Our results suggest that a healthy metabolic profile does not protect obese adults from hepatic steatosis or fibrosis, indicating that obesity itself might contribute to liver fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Hye Huh
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang Joon Kim
- Severance Executive Healthcare Clinic, Severance Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Up Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Institute of Gastroenterology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Liver Cirrhosis Clinical Research Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Hwan Han
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Clinical Research Center, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang-Hyub Han
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Institute of Gastroenterology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Liver Cirrhosis Clinical Research Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Bong-Soo Cha
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Choon Hee Chung
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung-Wan Lee
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Pejnovic N, Jeftic I, Jovicic N, Arsenijevic N, Lukic ML. Galectin-3 and IL-33/ST2 axis roles and interplay in diet-induced steatohepatitis. World J Gastroenterol 2016; 22:9706-9717. [PMID: 27956794 PMCID: PMC5124975 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v22.i44.9706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2016] [Revised: 09/02/2016] [Accepted: 09/14/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Immune reactivity and chronic low-grade inflammation (metaflammation) play an important role in the pathogenesis of obesity-associated metabolic disorders, including type 2 diabetes and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), a spectrum of diseases that include liver steatosis, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), fibrosis, and cirrhosis. Increased adiposity and insulin resistance contribute to the progression from hepatic steatosis to NASH and fibrosis through the development of proinflammatory and profibrotic processes in the liver, including increased hepatic infiltration of innate and adaptive immune cells, altered balance of cytokines and chemokines, increased reactive oxygen species generation and hepatocellular death. Experimental models of dietary-induced NAFLD/NASH in mice on different genetic backgrounds or knockout mice with different immune reactivity are used for elucidating the pathogenesis of NASH and liver fibrosis. Galectin-3 (Gal-3), a unique chimera-type β-galactoside-binding protein of the galectin family has a regulatory role in immunometabolism and fibrogenesis. Mice deficient in Gal-3 develop pronounced adiposity, hyperglycemia and hepatic steatosis, as well as attenuated liver inflammation and fibrosis when fed an obesogenic high-fat diet. Interleukin (IL)-33, a member of the IL-1 cytokine family, mediates its effects through the ST receptor, which is present on immune and nonimmune cells and participates in immunometabolic and fibrotic disorders. Recent evidence, including our own data, suggests a protective role for the IL-33/IL-33R (ST2) signaling pathway in obesity, adipose tissue inflammation and atherosclerosis, but a profibrotic role in NASH development. The link between Gal-3 and soluble ST2 in myocardial fibrosis and heart failure progression has been demonstrated and we have recently shown that Gal-3 and the IL-33/ST2 pathway interact and both have a profibrotic role in diet-induced NASH. This review discusses the current evidence on the roles of Gal-3 and the IL-33/ST2 pathway and their interplay in obesity-associated hepatic inflammation and fibrogenesis that may be of interest in the development of therapeutic interventions to prevent and/or reverse obesity-associated hepatic inflammation and fibrosis.
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Clemente MG, Mandato C, Poeta M, Vajro P. Pediatric non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: Recent solutions, unresolved issues, and future research directions. World J Gastroenterol 2016; 22:8078-8093. [PMID: 27688650 PMCID: PMC5037077 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v22.i36.8078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2016] [Revised: 08/04/2016] [Accepted: 08/23/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in children is becoming a major health concern. A “multiple-hit” pathogenetic model has been suggested to explain the progressive liver damage that occurs among children with NAFLD. In addition to the accumulation of fat in the liver, insulin resistance (IR) and oxidative stress due to genetic/epigenetic background, unfavorable lifestyles, gut microbiota and gut-liver axis dysfunction, and perturbations of trace element homeostasis have been shown to be critical for disease progression and the development of more severe inflammatory and fibrotic stages [non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH)]. Simple clinical and laboratory parameters, such as age, history, anthropometrical data (BMI and waist circumference percentiles), blood pressure, surrogate clinical markers of IR (acanthosis nigricans), abdominal ultrasounds, and serum transaminases, lipids and glucose/insulin profiles, allow a clinician to identify children with obesity and obesity-related conditions, including NAFLD and cardiovascular and metabolic risks. A liver biopsy (the “imperfect” gold standard) is required for a definitive NAFLD/NASH diagnosis, particularly to exclude other treatable conditions or when advanced liver disease is expected on clinical and laboratory grounds and preferably prior to any controlled trial of pharmacological/surgical treatments. However, a biopsy clearly cannot represent a screening procedure. Advancements in diagnostic serum and imaging tools, especially for the non-invasive differentiation between NAFLD and NASH, have shown promising results, e.g., magnetic resonance elastography. Weight loss and physical activity should be the first option of intervention. Effective pharmacological treatments are still under development; however, drugs targeting IR, oxidative stress, proinflammatory pathways, dyslipidemia, gut microbiota and gut liver axis dysfunction are an option for patients who are unable to comply with the recommended lifestyle changes. When morbid obesity prevails, bariatric surgery should be considered.
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Abenavoli L, Milic N, Di Renzo L, Preveden T, Medić-Stojanoska M, De Lorenzo A. Metabolic aspects of adult patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. World J Gastroenterol 2016; 22:7006-7016. [PMID: 27610012 PMCID: PMC4988304 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v22.i31.7006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2016] [Revised: 06/07/2016] [Accepted: 06/28/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a major cause of chronic liver disease and it encompasses a spectrum from simple steatosis to steatohepatitis, fibrosis, or cirrhosis. The mechanisms involved in the occurrence of NAFLD and its progression are probably due to a metabolic profile expressed within the context of a genetic predisposition and is associated with a higher energy intake. The metabolic syndrome (MS) is a cluster of metabolic alterations associated with an increased risk for the development of cardiovascular diseases and diabetes. NAFLD patients have more than one feature of the MS, and now they are considered the hepatic components of the MS. Several scientific advances in understanding the association between NAFLD and MS have identified insulin resistance (IR) as the key aspect in the pathophysiology of both diseases. In the multi parallel hits theory of NAFLD pathogenesis, IR was described to be central in the predisposition of hepatocytes to be susceptible to other multiple pathogenetic factors. The recent knowledge gained from these advances can be applied clinically in the prevention and management of NAFLD and its associated metabolic changes. The present review analyses the current literature and highlights the new evidence on the metabolic aspects in the adult patients with NAFLD.
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Inzaugarat ME, Wree A, Feldstein AE. Hepatocyte mitochondrial DNA released in microparticles and toll-like receptor 9 activation: A link between lipotoxicity and inflammation during nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. Hepatology 2016; 64:669-71. [PMID: 27239763 PMCID: PMC4956555 DOI: 10.1002/hep.28666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Alexander Wree
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital,
RWTH-Aachen, Germany,Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, University of California
San Diego (UCSD), and Rady Children’s Hospital, San Diego, California,
United States
| | - Ariel E. Feldstein
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, University of California
San Diego (UCSD), and Rady Children’s Hospital, San Diego, California,
United States,Address for correspondence: Dr. Ariel E. Feldstein, Professor of
Pediatrics, Chief, Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and
Nutrition UCSD, 3020 Children’s Way, MC 5030, San Diego, CA 92103-8450,
Tel: (858) 966-8907,
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Rial SA, Karelis AD, Bergeron KF, Mounier C. Gut Microbiota and Metabolic Health: The Potential Beneficial Effects of a Medium Chain Triglyceride Diet in Obese Individuals. Nutrients 2016; 8:nu8050281. [PMID: 27187452 PMCID: PMC4882694 DOI: 10.3390/nu8050281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2016] [Revised: 05/05/2016] [Accepted: 05/09/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity and associated metabolic complications, such as non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and type 2 diabetes (T2D), are in constant increase around the world. While most obese patients show several metabolic and biometric abnormalities and comorbidities, a subgroup of patients representing 3% to 57% of obese adults, depending on the diagnosis criteria, remains metabolically healthy. Among many other factors, the gut microbiota is now identified as a determining factor in the pathogenesis of metabolically unhealthy obese (MUHO) individuals and in obesity-related diseases such as endotoxemia, intestinal and systemic inflammation, as well as insulin resistance. Interestingly, recent studies suggest that an optimal healthy-like gut microbiota structure may contribute to the metabolically healthy obese (MHO) phenotype. Here, we describe how dietary medium chain triglycerides (MCT), previously found to promote lipid catabolism, energy expenditure and weight loss, can ameliorate metabolic health via their capacity to improve both intestinal ecosystem and permeability. MCT-enriched diets could therefore be used to manage metabolic diseases through modification of gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabri Ahmed Rial
- BioMed Research Center, Biological Sciences Department, University of Quebec at Montreal, Montreal, QC H2X 1Y4, Canada.
| | - Antony D Karelis
- Department of Exercise Science, University of Quebec at Montreal, Montreal, QC H2X 1Y4, Canada.
| | - Karl-F Bergeron
- BioMed Research Center, Biological Sciences Department, University of Quebec at Montreal, Montreal, QC H2X 1Y4, Canada.
| | - Catherine Mounier
- BioMed Research Center, Biological Sciences Department, University of Quebec at Montreal, Montreal, QC H2X 1Y4, Canada.
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