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Byun JK, Jung GS. Gemigliptin mitigates TGF-β-induced renal fibrosis through FGF21-mediated inhibition of the TGF-β/Smad3 signaling pathway. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2024; 733:150425. [PMID: 39053104 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2024.150425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2024] [Accepted: 07/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21), a well-known regulator of metabolic disorders, exhibits the potential to prevent renal fibrosis by negatively regulating the transforming growth factor β (TGF-β)/Smad3 signaling pathway. Gemigliptin and other dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors are frequently used for the management of patients with type 2 diabetes. However, the protective effect of gemigliptin against renal fibrosis, particularly its potential to upregulate the expression of FGF21, remains incompletely understood. This study assessed the renoprotective effects of gemigliptin against TGF-β-induced renal fibrosis by enhancing the expression of FGF21 in the cultured human proximal tubular epithelial cell line HK-2. Treatment with FGF21 effectively prevented TGF-β-induced renal fibrosis by attenuating the TGF-β/Smad3 signaling pathway. Similarly, gemigliptin exhibited protective effects against TGF-β-induced renal fibrosis by mitigating TGF-β/Smad3 signaling through the upregulation of FGF21 expression. However, the protective effects of gemigliptin were blocked when FGF21 expression was knocked down in TGF-β-treated HK-2 cells. These results indicate that gemegliptin has the potential to exhibit protective effects against TGF-β-induced renal fibrosis by elevating FGF21 expression levels in cultured human proximal tubular epithelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Kyu Byun
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, South Korea
| | - Gwon-Soo Jung
- New Drug Development Center, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation, Daegu, 41061, South Korea.
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Li J, Tang Y, Lu G, Liu Q, Guo Y, Wang J, Xiao M, Gao T, Zhang X, Gu J. Elevation of p53 sensitizes obese kidney to adriamycin-induced aberrant lipid homeostasis via repressing HNF4α-mediated FGF21 sensitivity. J Adv Res 2024:S2090-1232(24)00299-6. [PMID: 39019110 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2024.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2024] [Revised: 06/22/2024] [Accepted: 07/14/2024] [Indexed: 07/19/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Lipid metabolism disorders have been confirmed to be closely related to kidney injury caused by adriamycin (ADR) and obesity, respectively. However, it has not been explored whether lipid metabolism disorders are related to kidney injury caused by ADR aggravated by obesity, and the specific molecular mechanism needs to be further clarified. OBJECTIVES This study was designed to examine the role of p53-fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) axis in ADR-induced renal injury aggravated by high fat diet (HFD). METHODS We engineered Fgf21 KO mice and used long-term (4 months) and short-term (0.5 months) HFD feeding, and ADR-injected mice, as well as STZ-induced type 1 diabetic mice and type 2 (db/db) diabetic mice to produce a in vivo model of nephrotoxicity. The specific effects of p53/FGF21 on regulation of lipid metabolism disorders and its downstream mediators in kidney were subsequently elucidated using a combination of functional and pathological analysis, RNA-sequencing, molecular biology and in vitro approaches. RESULTS Long-term HFD feeding mice exhibited compromised effects of FGF21 on alleviation of renal dysfunction and lipid accumulation following ADR administration. However, these impairments were reversed by p53 inhibitor (pifithrin-α, PFT-α). PFT-α sensitized FGF21 actions in kidney tissues, while knockout of Fgf21 impaired the protective effects of PFT-α on lipid metabolism. Mechanistically, p53 impaired the renal expression of FGF recepter-1 (FGFR1) and thereby developed gradually into FGF21 resistance via inhibiting hepatocyte nuclear factor alpha (HNF4α)-mediated transcriptional activation of Fgfr1. More importantly, exogenous supplementation of FGF21 or PFT-α could not only alleviate ADR-induced lipid metabolism disorder aggravated by HFD, but also reduce lipid accumulation caused by diabetic nephropathy. CONCLUSION Given the difficulties in developing the long-acting recombinant FGF21 analogs for therapeutic applications, sensitizing obesity-impaired FGF21 actions by suppression of p53 might be a therapeutic strategy for maintaining renal metabolic homeostasis during chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahao Li
- School of Nursing and Rehabilitation, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Yufeng Tang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong 250014, China
| | - Guangping Lu
- School of Nursing and Rehabilitation, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Qingbo Liu
- School of Nursing and Rehabilitation, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Yuanfang Guo
- School of Nursing and Rehabilitation, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Jie Wang
- School of Nursing and Rehabilitation, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Mengjie Xiao
- School of Nursing and Rehabilitation, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Ting Gao
- School of Nursing and Rehabilitation, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Xiaohui Zhang
- School of Nursing and Rehabilitation, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Junlian Gu
- School of Nursing and Rehabilitation, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China.
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Ghanem M, Archer G, Crestani B, Mailleux AA. The endocrine FGFs axis: A systemic anti-fibrotic response that could prevent pulmonary fibrogenesis? Pharmacol Ther 2024; 259:108669. [PMID: 38795981 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2024.108669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Revised: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/28/2024]
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a progressive and fatal disease for which therapeutic options are limited, with an unmet need to identify new therapeutic targets. IPF is thought to be the consequence of repeated microlesions of the alveolar epithelium, leading to aberrant epithelial-mesenchymal communication and the accumulation of extracellular matrix proteins. The reactivation of developmental pathways, such as Fibroblast Growth Factors (FGFs), is a well-described mechanism during lung fibrogenesis. Secreted FGFs with local paracrine effects can either exert an anti-fibrotic or a pro-fibrotic action during this pathological process through their FGF receptors (FGFRs) and heparan sulfate residues as co-receptors. Among FGFs, endocrine FGFs (FGF29, FGF21, and FGF23) play a central role in the control of metabolism and tissue homeostasis. They are characterized by a low affinity for heparan sulfate, present in the cell vicinity, allowing them to have endocrine activity. Nevertheless, their interaction with FGFRs requires the presence of mandatory co-receptors, alpha and beta Klotho proteins (KLA and KLB). Endocrine FGFs are of growing interest for their anti-fibrotic action during liver, kidney, or myocardial fibrosis. Innovative therapies based on FGF19 or FGF21 analogs are currently being studied in humans during liver fibrosis. Recent data report a similar anti-fibrotic action of endocrine FGFs in the lung, suggesting a systemic regulation of the pulmonary fibrotic process. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge on the protective effect of endocrine FGFs during the fibrotic processes, with a focus on pulmonary fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mada Ghanem
- Université Paris Cité, Inserm, Physiopathologie et Épidémiologie des Maladies Respiratoires, F-75018 Paris, France
| | - Gabrielle Archer
- Université Paris Cité, Inserm, Physiopathologie et Épidémiologie des Maladies Respiratoires, F-75018 Paris, France
| | - Bruno Crestani
- Université Paris Cité, Inserm, Physiopathologie et Épidémiologie des Maladies Respiratoires, F-75018 Paris, France; Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Bichat, Service de Pneumologie A, FHU APOLLO, Paris, France
| | - Arnaud A Mailleux
- Université Paris Cité, Inserm, Physiopathologie et Épidémiologie des Maladies Respiratoires, F-75018 Paris, France.
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Bahreini E, Babaei M, Mohammadi F, Alizadeh-Fanalou S. Evaluation of serum pro/anti-angiogenic biomarkers in hyperglycemic rats treated with Securigera securidaca seeds, alone and in combination with Glibenclamide. J Cardiovasc Thorac Res 2024; 16:8-14. [PMID: 38584657 PMCID: PMC10997982 DOI: 10.34172/jcvtr.32960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Herbal medicines are commonly used by many people with diabetes in addition to standard treatment. Plants contain numerous known and unknown compounds that may exacerbate or ameliorate diabetes complications. Therefore, it is crucial to be aware of the side effects of these herbs before prescribing them. This study aimed to investigate the effects of hydroalcoholic extracts of Securigera securidaca (HESS) seeds alone and in combination with glibenclamide on the angiogenic/anti-angiogenic balance in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. Methods Groups involved in this animal study included diabetic and healthy controls, three doses of HESS, glibenclamide, and combination therapy. Serum samples were collected and analyzed for a vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21), fetal liver kinase 1 (FLK-1), soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase 1 (sFLT-1), and transforming growth factor -beta (TGF-β). Results Induction of diabetes increased VEGF, FGF21, and TGF-β serum levels and decreased circulating FLK-1 and sFLT-1 factors. Herbal extract, except TGF-β, had little effect on the above blood levels even at the highest doses. Glibenclamide was more effective than the highest dose of HESS in improving the vascular complications of diabetes. Combination therapy with the highest dose of HESS partly enhanced the glibenclamide effects. Conclusion Compared with glibenclamide as a standard chemical drug, HESS had no significant effects on the blood levels of the pro/anti-angiogenesis factor in diabetic rats. Glibenclamide attenuated the levels of the biomarkers and its effects were somewhat enhanced in combination with the highest dose of HESS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elham Bahreini
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Babaei
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran
| | - Forogh Mohammadi
- Department of Veterinary, Agriculture Faculty, Kermanshah Branch, Islamic Azad University, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Shahin Alizadeh-Fanalou
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
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Li R, Liu X. FGF21 Inhibits Hypoxia/Reoxygenation-induced Renal Tubular Epithelial Cell Injury by Regulating the PPARγ/NF-κB Signaling Pathway. Cell Biochem Biophys 2024:10.1007/s12013-024-01242-8. [PMID: 38459267 DOI: 10.1007/s12013-024-01242-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/10/2024]
Abstract
As a predominant trigger of acute kidney injury, renal ischemia-reperfusion injury can cause permanent renal impairment, and the effective therapies are lacking. Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) plays a critical regulatory role in a variety of biological activities. This study was conducted to explore the functional of FGF21 in renal ischemia-reperfusion injury and to discuss the hidden reaction mechanism. To simulate renal ischemia-reperfusion injury in vitro, HK2 cells were induced by hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R). The effects of FGF21 on H/R-induced HK2 cell viability were evaluated utilizing cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8). The levels of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and inflammatory cytokines in H/R-induced HK2 cells were assessed by means of LDH assay and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The levels of oxidative stress markers were appraised with corresponding assay kits and western blot was applied to estimate the expressions of oxidative stress-related proteins. The apoptosis of H/R-induced HK2 cells was assessed by virtue of flow cytometry. The expressions of apoptosis- and PPARγ/NF-κB signaling pathway-related proteins were evaluated with western blot. To discuss the reaction mechanism of PPARγ/NF-κB pathway in H/R-induced HK2 cells, PPARγ inhibitor GW9662 was employed to treat cells and the above experiments were then conducted again. This study found that FGF21 treatment inhibited the inflammatory response, oxidative stress and apoptosis in H/R-induced HK2 cells. Moreover, FGF21 regulated PPARγ/NF-κB signaling pathway and GW9662 partially reversed the impacts of FGF21 on the inflammatory response, oxidative stress and apoptosis in H/R-exposed HK2 cells. Collectively, FGF21 protected against H/R-induced renal tubular epithelial cell injury by regulating the PPARγ/NF-κB signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruixue Li
- Nephrology Department, The People's Hospital of Yubei District of Chongqing, Chongqing, 401120, PR China.
| | - Xi Liu
- Nephrology Department, The People's Hospital of Yubei District of Chongqing, Chongqing, 401120, PR China
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Yang T, Li L, Heng C, Sha P, Wang Y, Shen J, Jiang Z, Qian S, Wei C, Yang H, Zhu X, Wang T, Wu M, Wang J, Lu Q, Yin X. Sodium butyrate ameliorated diabetic nephropathy-associated tubulointerstitial inflammation by modulating the tight junctions of renal tubular epithelial cells. Food Funct 2024; 15:2628-2644. [PMID: 38358014 DOI: 10.1039/d2fo00940d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
As one of the most significant pathological changes of diabetic nephropathy (DN), tubulointerstitial fibrosis (TIF) had a close relationship with tubulointerstitial inflammation (TI), and the occurrence of TI could have resulted from the disrupted tight junctions (TJs) of renal tubular epithelial cells (RTECs). Studies have demonstrated that sodium butyrate (NaB), a typical short chain fatty acid (SCFA), played an important regulatory role in intestinal TJs and inflammation. In this study, our in vivo and in vitro results showed that accompanied by TI, renal tubular TJs were gradually disrupted in the process of DN-related TIF. In HG and LPS co-cultured HK-2 cells and db/db mice, NaB treatment regained the TJs of RTECs via the sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor-1 (S1PR1)/AMPK signaling pathway, relieving inflammation. Small interfering RNA of S1PR1, S1PR1 antagonist W146 and agonist SEW2871, and AMPK agonist AICAR were all used to further confirm the essential role of the S1PR1/AMPK signaling pathway in NaB's TJ protection in RTECs in vitro. Finally, NaB administration not only improved the renal function and TIF, but also relieved the TI of db/db mice. These findings suggested that the use of NaB might be a potential adjuvant treatment strategy for DN-associated TIF, and this protective effect was linked to the TJ modulation of RTECs via the S1PR1/AMPK signaling pathway, leading to the improvement of TI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Yang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, China.
| | - Lin Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, China.
| | - Cai Heng
- Department of Pharmacy, JingJiang People's Hospital, Jingjiang 214500, China
| | - Pian Sha
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, China.
| | - Yiying Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, China.
| | - Jiaming Shen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, China.
| | - Zhenzhou Jiang
- New drug screening center, Jiangsu Center for Pharmacodynamics Research and Evaluation, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Sitong Qian
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, China.
| | - Chujing Wei
- New drug screening center, Jiangsu Center for Pharmacodynamics Research and Evaluation, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Hao Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, Changzhou Second People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou 213000, China
| | - Xia Zhu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, China.
| | - Tao Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, The affiliated hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221006, China
| | - Mengying Wu
- New drug screening center, Jiangsu Center for Pharmacodynamics Research and Evaluation, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Jianyun Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, China.
| | - Qian Lu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, China.
| | - Xiaoxing Yin
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, China.
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Chen X, Zeng X, Qiu X, Liu C, Lu P, Shen Z, Zhou X, Yang K. Exercise alleviates renal interstitial fibrosis by ameliorating the Sirt1-mediated TGF-β1/Smad3 pathway in T2DM mice. Endocr Connect 2024; 13:e230448. [PMID: 38251967 PMCID: PMC10959038 DOI: 10.1530/ec-23-0448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
Background Renal interstitial fibrosis is the pathophysiological basis of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Exercise appears to improve kidney interstitial fibrosis in T2DM, in which silent information regulator factor 2-related enzyme 1 (Sirt1) is a critical regulator. However, the role of Sirt1 in mediating exercise on renal tissue as well as its mechanism remains unknown. Methods T2DM mouse models were created using a high-fat diet mixed with streptozotocin, followed by 8 weeks of treadmill exercise and niacinamide (Sirt1 inhibitor) intervention. Kits for detecting biochemical indices of renal function were used. The pathological appearance and severity of renal tissue were examined using hematoxylin and eosin, Masson and immunohistochemical staining. The mRNA and protein expression of relevant signaling pathway factors were determined to use real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction and western blotting. Results T2DM can promote renal interstitial fibrosis, increase kidney index, serum creatinine, blood urea nitrogen and 24 h urinary total protein and cause pathological changes in renal tissue and affect renal function. After 8 weeks of exercise intervention, the biochemical indicators in the kidney of T2DM mice were decreased, Sirt1 expression was increased, the expression of TGF-β1, Smad3, collagen type I (COL1) and collagen type III (COL3) were decreased, and the renal interstitial fibrosis, renal tissue structural lesions and renal function were improved. However, after the nicotinamide intervention, renal interstitial fibrosis of T2DM mice was aggravated, and the improvement effect of exercise on renal interstitial fibrosis of T2DM mice was abolished. Conclusion The upregulation of Sirt1 expression by exercise can inhibit the transforming growth factor β1/Smad3 pathway, thereby inhibiting the expression and deposition of COL1 and COL3 in renal interstitium, thereby improving renal interstitial fibrosis in T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianghe Chen
- College of Physical Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xinyu Zeng
- College of Physical Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiao Qiu
- College of Physical Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chi Liu
- College of Physical Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Pengcheng Lu
- College of Physical Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ziming Shen
- College of Physical Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiangxiang Zhou
- College of Physical Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Kang Yang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Northern Jiangsu People's Hospital Affiliated to Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
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Zhong W, Jiang Y, Wang H, Luo X, Zeng T, Huang H, Xiao L, Jia N, Li A. Fibroblast growth factor 21 alleviates unilateral ureteral obstruction-induced renal fibrosis by inhibiting Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2024; 1871:119620. [PMID: 37926157 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2023.119620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) is a key regulator of energy metabolism. Recent studies suggested that serum FGF21 levels increase with declining renal function. However, the link between FGF21 and kidney diseases and the direct effect of FGF21 in renal fibrosis remains unclear. In this study, FGF21 was upregulated in unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO)-induced renal fibrosis and cellular fibrosis induced by transforming growth factor-β, and renal expression of FGF21 was positively correlated with fibrosis markers. Additionally, FGF21 was regulated by Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. The knockdown and overexpression of FGF21 in mouse tubular epithelial cells demonstrated that FGF21 alleviates renal fibrosis by inhibiting the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. To investigate the effect of FGF21 on renal fibrosis in vivo, we established an overexpression model by injecting the plasmid in mice and found that FGF21 overexpression relieved UUO-induced renal fibrosis and renal inflammatory response. Taken together, FGF21 is upregulated with the activation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway and alleviates renal fibrosis by inhibiting the activation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway in a negative feedback mode. These results provide a new understanding for the source of elevated serum FGF21 in patients with chronic kidney disease and prove that FGF21 is a direct inhibitor of the progression of renal fibrosis, thus providing novel therapeutic intervention insights for renal fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhui Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Disease, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 510515 Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Institute of Nephrology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Renal Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Kidney Disease, 510005 Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuheng Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Disease, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 510515 Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Institute of Nephrology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Renal Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Kidney Disease, 510005 Guangzhou, China
| | - Huizhen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Disease, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 510515 Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Institute of Nephrology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Renal Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Kidney Disease, 510005 Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiang Luo
- Xingguo Hospital Affiliated to Gannan Medical University, Xingguo People's Hospital, 342400 Ganzhou, China.
| | - Tao Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Disease, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 510515 Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Institute of Nephrology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Renal Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Kidney Disease, 510005 Guangzhou, China
| | - Huimi Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Disease, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 510515 Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Institute of Nephrology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Renal Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Kidney Disease, 510005 Guangzhou, China
| | - Ling Xiao
- Xingguo Hospital Affiliated to Gannan Medical University, Xingguo People's Hospital, 342400 Ganzhou, China
| | - Nan Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Disease, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 510515 Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Institute of Nephrology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Renal Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Kidney Disease, 510005 Guangzhou, China.
| | - Aiqing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Disease, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 510515 Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Institute of Nephrology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Renal Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Kidney Disease, 510005 Guangzhou, China.
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9
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Hadpech S, Thongboonkerd V. Epithelial-mesenchymal plasticity in kidney fibrosis. Genesis 2024; 62:e23529. [PMID: 37345818 DOI: 10.1002/dvg.23529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Revised: 05/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023]
Abstract
Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is an important biological process contributing to kidney fibrosis and chronic kidney disease. This process is characterized by decreased epithelial phenotypes/markers and increased mesenchymal phenotypes/markers. Tubular epithelial cells (TECs) are commonly susceptible to EMT by various stimuli, for example, transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β), cellular communication network factor 2, angiotensin-II, fibroblast growth factor-2, oncostatin M, matrix metalloproteinase-2, tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA), plasmin, interleukin-1β, and reactive oxygen species. Similarly, glomerular podocytes can undergo EMT via these stimuli and by high glucose condition in diabetic kidney disease. EMT of TECs and podocytes leads to tubulointerstitial fibrosis and glomerulosclerosis, respectively. Signaling pathways involved in EMT-mediated kidney fibrosis are diverse and complex. TGF-β1/Smad and Wnt/β-catenin pathways are the major venues triggering EMT in TECs and podocytes. These two pathways thus serve as the major therapeutic targets against EMT-mediated kidney fibrosis. To date, a number of EMT inhibitors have been identified and characterized. As expected, the majority of these EMT inhibitors affect TGF-β1/Smad and Wnt/β-catenin pathways. In addition to kidney fibrosis, these EMT-targeted antifibrotic inhibitors are expected to be effective for treatment against fibrosis in other organs/tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudarat Hadpech
- Medical Proteomics Unit, Research Department, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Visith Thongboonkerd
- Medical Proteomics Unit, Research Department, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
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Lu W, Zhao J, Cai X, Wang Y, Lin W, Fang Y, Wang Y, Ao J, Shou J, Xu J, Zhu S. Cadherin-responsive hydrogel combined with dental pulp stem cells and fibroblast growth factor 21 promotes diabetic scald repair via regulating epithelial-mesenchymal transition and necroptosis. Mater Today Bio 2024; 24:100919. [PMID: 38298888 PMCID: PMC10829787 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2023.100919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Diabetes causes a loss of sensation in the skin, so diabetics are prone to burns when using heating devices. Diabetic scalded skin is often difficult to heal due to the microenvironment of high glucose, high oxidation, and low blood perfusion. The treatment of diabetic scald mainly focuses on three aspects: 1) promote the formation of the epithelium; 2) promote angiogenesis; and 3) maintain intracellular homeostasis. In response to these three major repair factors, we developed a cadherin-responsive hydrogel combined with FGF21 and dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) to accelerate epithelial formation by recruiting cadherin to the epidermis and promoting the transformation of N cadherin to E cadherin; promoting angiogenesis to increase wound blood perfusion; regulating the stability of lysosomal and activating autophagy to maintain intracellular homeostasis in order to comprehensively advance the recovery of diabetic scald.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjie Lu
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325000 China
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325000, China
| | - Juan Zhao
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325000 China
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325000, China
| | - Xiong Cai
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325000 China
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325000, China
| | - Yutian Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325000 China
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325000, China
| | - Wenwei Lin
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325000 China
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325000, China
| | - Yaoping Fang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325000 China
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325000, China
| | - Yunyang Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325000 China
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325000, China
| | - Jinglei Ao
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325000 China
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325000, China
| | - Jiahui Shou
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325000 China
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325000, China
| | - Jiake Xu
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325000 China
- Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, China
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, 6009, Australia
| | - Sipin Zhu
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325000 China
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325000, China
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11
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Rajput S, Malviya R, Uniyal P. Advances in the Treatment of Kidney Disorders using Mesenchymal Stem Cells. Curr Pharm Des 2024; 30:825-840. [PMID: 38482624 DOI: 10.2174/0113816128296105240305110312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/04/2024]
Abstract
Renal disease is a medical condition that poses a potential threat to the life of an individual and is related to substantial morbidity and mortality rates in clinical environments. The aetiology of this condition is influenced by multiple factors, and its incidence tends to increase with progressive aging. Although supportive therapy and kidney transplantation have potential advantages, they also have limitations in terms of mitigating the progression of KD. Despite significant advancements in the domain of supportive therapy, mortality rates in patients continue to increase. Due to their ability to self-renew and multidirectionally differentiate, stem cell therapy has been shown to have tremendous potential in the repair of the diseased kidney. MSCs (Mesenchymal stem cells) are a cell population that is extensively distributed and can be located in various niches throughout an individual's lifespan. The cells in question are characterised by their potential for indefinite replication and their aptitude for undergoing differentiation into fully developed cells of mesodermal origin under laboratory conditions. It is essential to emphasize that MSCs have demonstrated a favorable safety profile and efficacy as a therapeutic intervention for renal diseases in both preclinical as well as clinical investigations. MSCs have been found to slow the advancement of kidney disease, and this impact is thought to be due to their control over a number of physiological processes, including immunological response, tubular epithelial- mesenchymal transition, oxidative stress, renal tubular cell death, and angiogenesis. In addition, MSCs demonstrate recognised effectiveness in managing both acute and chronic kidney diseases via paracrine pathways. The proposal to utilise a therapy that is based on stem-cells as an effective treatment has been put forward in search of discovering novel therapies to promote renal regeneration. Preclinical researchers have demonstrated that various types of stem cells can provide advantages in acute and chronic kidney disease. Moreover, preliminary results from clinical trials have suggested that these interventions are both safe and well-tolerated. This manuscript provides a brief overview of the potential renoprotective effects of stem cell-based treatments in acute as well as chronic renal dysfunction. Furthermore, the mechanisms that govern the process of kidney regeneration induced by stem cells are investigated. This article will examine the therapeutic approaches that make use of stem cells for the treatment of kidney disorders. The analysis will cover various cellular sources that have been utilised, potential mechanisms involved, and the outcomes that have been achieved so far.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shivam Rajput
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medical and Allied Sciences, Galgotias University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Rishabha Malviya
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medical and Allied Sciences, Galgotias University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Prerna Uniyal
- School of Pharmacy, Graphic Era Hill University, Dehradun, India
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12
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Li X, Chen D, Ouyang B, Wang S, Li Y, Li L, Zhu S, Zheng G. KLF5/MDM2 Axis Modulates Oxidative Stress and Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition in Human Lens Epithelial Cells: The Role in Diabetic Cataract. J Transl Med 2023; 103:100226. [PMID: 37532224 DOI: 10.1016/j.labinv.2023.100226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic cataract (DC) is a common cause of visual loss in older diabetic subjects. Krüppel-like factor 5 (KLF5) plays an essential role in migration and the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in diverse cells and is involved in oxidative stress. However, the effects of KLF5 on DC remain unknown. This study aimed to examine the biological function of KLF5 in DC and its underlying mechanism. The expression patterns of KLF5 were detected in vivo and in vitro. Then, KLF5 was knocked down in human lens epithelial cells (HLECs) to explore its functional roles and underlying mechanisms. Dual-luciferase reporter assay and chromatin immunoprecipitation analysis were used to detect whether KLF5 could bind the promoter of E3 ubiquitin ligase mouse double minute 2 (MDM2), a key regulator of EMT. Lastly, the regulation of KLF5 in the biological behaviors of HLECs via MDM2 was analyzed. We found a significant increase of KLF5 in the DC lens anterior capsular, diabetic rat lens, and high glucose (HG)-stimulated HLECs. Knockdown of KLF5 inhibited oxidative stress, inflammation, migration, and EMT of HG-stimulated HLECs. KLF5 silencing impeded MDM2 expression and restricted the activation of MARK1/FAK and NF-κB signaling pathways in HLECs under HG condition. Additionally, KLF5 was found to bind the MDM2 promoter and enhance the transcriptional activity of MDM2. The protective effects by silencing KLF5 on HG-cultured HLECs could be offset by MDM2 overexpression. We demonstrated that knockdown of KLF5 alleviated oxidative stress, migration, and EMT of HG-cultured HLECs by regulating MDM2, suggesting a potential therapeutic strategy for DC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.
| | - Doudou Chen
- Eye School of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Bowen Ouyang
- Hainan Eye Hospital and Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Shengnan Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Yawei Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Li Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Siquan Zhu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
| | - Guangying Zheng
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.
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13
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Xia Y, Wang H, Shao M, Liu X, Sun F. MAP3K19 Promotes the Progression of Tuberculosis-Induced Pulmonary Fibrosis Through Activation of the TGF-β/Smad2 Signaling Pathway. Mol Biotechnol 2023:10.1007/s12033-023-00941-6. [PMID: 37906388 DOI: 10.1007/s12033-023-00941-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023]
Abstract
Tuberculosis-induced pulmonary fibrosis (PF) is a chronic, irreversible interstitial lung disease, which severely affects lung ventilation and air exchange, leading to respiratory distress, impaired lung function, and ultimately death. As previously reported, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and fibrosis in type II alveolar epithelial cells (AEC II) are two critical processes that contributes to the initiation and progression of tuberculosis-related PF, but the underlying pathological mechanisms remain unclear. In this study, through performing Real-Time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR), Western blot, immunohistochemistry, and immunofluorescence staining assay, we confirmed that the expression levels of EMT and fibrosis-related biomarkers were significantly increased in lung tissues with tuberculosis-associated PF in vivo and Mycobacterium bovis Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) strain-infected AEC II cells in vitro. Besides, we noticed that the mitogen-activated protein kinase 19 (MAP3K19) was aberrantly overexpressed in PF models, and silencing of MAP3K19 significantly reduced the expression levels of fibronectin, collagen type I, and alpha-smooth muscle actin to decrease fibrosis, and upregulated E-cadherin and downregulated vimentin to suppress EMT in BCG-treated AEC II cells. Then, we uncovered the underlying mechanisms and found that BCG synergized with MAP3K19 to activate the pro-inflammatory transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β)/Smad2 signal pathway in AEC II cells, and BCG-induced EMT process and fibrosis in AEC II cells were all abrogated by co-treating cells with TGF-β/Smad2 signal pathway inhibitor LY2109761. In summary, our results uncovered the underlying mechanisms by which the MAP3K19/TGF-β/Smad2 signaling pathway regulated EMT and fibrotic phenotypes of AEC II cells to facilitate the development of tuberculosis-associated PF, and these findings will provide new ideas and biomarkers to ameliorate tuberculosis-induced PF in clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Xia
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, No. 137, South Liyu Shan Road, Urumqi, 830054, China.
| | - Haiyue Wang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, No. 137, South Liyu Shan Road, Urumqi, 830054, China
| | - Meihua Shao
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, No. 137, South Liyu Shan Road, Urumqi, 830054, China
| | - Xuemei Liu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, No. 137, South Liyu Shan Road, Urumqi, 830054, China
| | - Feng Sun
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, No. 137, South Liyu Shan Road, Urumqi, 830054, China
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14
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Chen Y, He Z, Zhao B, Zheng R. Downregulation of a potential therapeutic target NPAS2, regulated by p53, alleviates pulmonary fibrosis by inhibiting epithelial-mesenchymal transition via suppressing HES1. Cell Signal 2023:110795. [PMID: 37406788 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2023.110795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/02/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023]
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a progressive lung disease and a severe form of pulmonary fibrosis. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of alveolar epithelial cells is induced in response to epithelial injury, which leads to the accumulation of extracellular matrix in the lung parenchyma and contributes to pulmonary fibrosis. NPAS2 (neuronal PAS domain protein 2) is significantly increased in the lung tissues of IPF patients according to microarray dataset GSE10667 and NPAS2 is downregulated in differentiated human pulmonary type 2 epithelial cells in vitro based on microarray dataset GSE3306 from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO). In this study, we demonstrated that NPAS2 was increased in bleomycin (BLM)- induced fibrotic lungs in mice. Knockdown of NPAS2 inhibited EMT in primary mouse lung alveolar type 2 epithelial (pmATII) cells and human lung alveolar type 2 epithelial cell line A549 cells under BLM challenge in vitro. Moreover, the silence of NPAS2 alleviated the BLM-induced pulmonary fibrosis in a murine model. Mechanistically, NPAS2 promotes EMT through positively regulating hairy and enhancer of split 1 (HES1) expression. In this study, we present novel findings that have not been previously reported, emphasizing that p53 transcriptionally activates NPAS2 in ATII cells and overexpression of NPAS2 weakens the effects of TP53 knockdown on EMT of pmATII and A549 cells. Our results suggest NPAS2 is a novel target gene of p53 in regulating BLM-mediated EMT in ATII cells and pulmonary fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Chen
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, China
| | - Zhong He
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, China
| | - Bo Zhao
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, China
| | - Rui Zheng
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, China.
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15
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Ghanem M, Mailleux A, Crestani B. [Fibroblast growth factor (FGF) endocrines and pulmonary fibrogenesis]. Rev Mal Respir 2023; 40:239-242. [PMID: 36828676 DOI: 10.1016/j.rmr.2023.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Abstract
As key actors in embryogenesis and organogenesis, fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) can assume a protective or an aggravative role in pulmonary fibrosis pathophysiology. Among the FGFs, endocrine FGFs (FGF19, FGF21 and FGF23), are characterized by low affinity to FGF receptors (FGFRs), enabling them to deploy endocrine activity in several organs. More specifically, their anti-fibrotic role has been reported in liver, kidney or myocardial fibrosis. Endocrine FGFs are of growing interest on account of their potential anti-fibrotic role in pulmonary fibrogenesis, as well. In this review, we aim to summarize current knowledge on the protective effects of endocrine FGFs in pulmonary fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Ghanem
- Inserm Unité 1152, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France.
| | - A Mailleux
- Inserm Unité 1152, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - B Crestani
- Inserm Unité 1152, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France; Service de pneumologie A, Hôpital Bichat, AP-HP, Paris, France
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16
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Ding D, Shen X, Yu L, Zheng Y, Liu Y, Wang W, Liu L, Zhao Z, Nian S, Liu L. Timosaponin BII inhibits TGF-β mediated epithelial-mesenchymal transition through Smad-dependent pathway during pulmonary fibrosis. Phytother Res 2023. [PMID: 36807664 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Revised: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/20/2023]
Abstract
Pulmonary fibrosis (PF) is a progressive and fatal interstitial lung disease with limited therapeutic options at present, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is recognized as a major cause of lung fibrosis. Our previous work has confirmed that total extract of Anemarrhena asphodeloides Bunge [Asparagaceae] exerted the effect of anti-PF. As a main constituent of Anemarrhena asphodeloides Bunge [Asparagaceae], the effect of timosaponin BII (TS BII) on drug-induced EMT process in PF animals and alveolar epithelial cells remains unknown. In this study, we evaluated the effect of TS BII on bleomycin (BLM)-induced PF. The results showed that TS BII could restore the structure of lung architecture and MMP-9/TIMP-1 balance in fibrotic rat lung and inhibit collagen deposition. Moreover, we found that TS BII could reverse the abnormal expression of TGF-β1 and EMT-related marker proteins including E-cadherin, vimentin, and α-SMA. Besides, aberrant TGF-β1 expression and phosphorylation of Smad2 and Smad3 in BLM-induced animal model and TGF-β1-induced cell model were downregulated by TS BII treatment, indicating that EMT in fibrosis was suppressed by inhibition of TGF-β/Smad pathway both in vivo and in vitro. In summary, our study suggested that TS BII could be a promising candidate for PF treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dali Ding
- School of Pharmacy, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China.,Pharmacy Department, The PLA Navy Anqing Hospital, Anqing, China
| | - Xuebin Shen
- School of Pharmacy, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China.,Institute of Modern Chinese Medicine, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China
| | - Lizhen Yu
- School of Pharmacy, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China.,Institute of Modern Chinese Medicine, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China.,Anhui Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Screening and Re-evaluation of Active Compounds of Herbal Medicines in Southern Anhui, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China
| | - Yueyue Zheng
- School of Pharmacy, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China
| | - Yao Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China
| | - Wei Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China
| | - Li Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China
| | - Zitong Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China
| | - Sihui Nian
- School of Pharmacy, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China.,Institute of Modern Chinese Medicine, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China.,Anhui Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Screening and Re-evaluation of Active Compounds of Herbal Medicines in Southern Anhui, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China
| | - Limin Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhu, China
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17
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Li M, Huang Y, Xi H, Zhang W, Xiang Z, Wang L, Li X, Guo H. Circ_FOXP1 promotes the growth and survival of high glucose-treated human trophoblast cells through the regulation of miR-508-3p/SMAD family member 2 pathway. Endocr J 2022; 69:1067-1078. [PMID: 35545535 DOI: 10.1507/endocrj.ej21-0528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a health risk for pregnant women and infants. Emerging evidence suggests that the deregulation of circular RNAs (circRNAs) is associated with the progression of this disorder. The objective of this study was to investigate the role of circ_FOXP1 in GDM. Cell models of GDM were established by treating human trophoblast cells with high glucose (HG). The expression of circ_FOXP1, miR-508-3p and SMAD family member 2 (SMAD2) mRNA was detected by quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR). Cell proliferation was assessed by EdU assay and MTT assay, and cell cycle and cell apoptosis were determined by flow cytometry assay. The protein levels of proliferation- and apoptosis-related markers and SMAD2 were measured by western blot. The relationship between miR-508-3p and circ_FOXP1 or SMAD2 was validated by dual-luciferase reporter assay or pull-down assay. The expression of circ_FOXP1 was downregulated in HG-treated HTR-8/SVneo cells. Circ_FOXP1 overexpression promoted HG-inhibited HTR-8/SVneo cell proliferation and suppressed HG-induced HTR-8/SVneo cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. Circ_FOXP1 positively regulated the expression of SMAD2 by targeting miR-508-3p. MiR-508-3p was overexpressed in HG-treated HTR-8/SVneo cells, and its overexpression reversed the effects of circ_FOXP1 overexpression. MiR-508-3p inhibition also alleviated HG-induced HTR-8/SVneo cell injuries, while the knockdown of SMAD2 abolished these effects. Collectively, circ_FOXP1 promotes the growth and survival of HG-treated human trophoblast cells through the miR-508-3p/SMAD2 pathway, hinting that circ_FOXP1 was involved in GDM progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingqun Li
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Xiangyang NO.1 People's Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Xiangyang, Hubei, China
| | - Yuqin Huang
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Xiangyang NO.1 People's Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Xiangyang, Hubei, China
| | - Hongli Xi
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Xiangyang NO.1 People's Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Xiangyang, Hubei, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Xiangyang NO.1 People's Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Xiangyang, Hubei, China
| | - Ziwu Xiang
- Department of Pathology, Xiangyang NO.1 People's Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Xiangyang, Hubei, China
| | - Lingyun Wang
- Department of Central Laboratory, Xiangyang No.1 Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Xiangyang, Hubei, China
| | - Xuanyu Li
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Xiangyang NO.1 People's Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Xiangyang, Hubei, China
| | - Hongyan Guo
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Xiangyang NO.1 People's Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Xiangyang, Hubei, China
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18
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Jiang X, Wu Q, Opoku YK, Zou Y, Wang D, Hu C, Ren G. Fibroblast Growth Factor 21 Attenuates the Progression of Hyperuricemic Nephropathy through Inhibiting Inflammation, Fibrosis and Oxidative stress. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2022; 131:474-486. [PMID: 36126111 DOI: 10.1111/bcpt.13793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Revised: 07/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Elevated levels of circulating fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) have been reported in patients with hyperuricemia. However, the effect of FGF21 in hyperuricemic nephropathy (HN) remains unexplored. Here, we investigated the effect and mechanism of action of FGF21 on HN. HN model was induced with adenine and potassium oxysalt in wild-type C57BL/6 mice and FGF21-/- mice. For in vitro studies, human renal tubular epithelial (HK-2) cells were exposed to uric acid with/without FGF21 or β-Klotho-siRNA. Here, we reported aggravated renal dysfunction and structural damage in the FGF21-/- mice compared to the wild-type mice. These were evident in the upsurge of inflammatory factors IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-18, fibrotic markers Collagen I and α-SMA, and oxidation products ROS and MDA. However, exogenous administration of FGF21 to wild-type HN mice significantly reversed these negative effects. In terms of mechanism, FGF21 significantly inhibited NF-κB/NLRP3 and TGF-β1/Smad3 pathways and promoted nuclear translocation of Nrf2 both in vivo and in vitro. Furthermore, the silencing of β-Klotho was marked by the attenuation of the improved effect of FGF21 on cell damage. In conclusion, our studies revealed that exogenous FGF21 treatment significantly improved HN, which was achieved by the inhibition of inflammation, fibrosis and oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinghao Jiang
- Biopharmaceutic Lab, College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Peoples Republic of China
| | - Qing Wu
- Biopharmaceutic Lab, College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Peoples Republic of China
| | - Yeboah Kwaku Opoku
- Biopharmaceutic Lab, College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Peoples Republic of China.,Department of Biology Education, Faculty of Science Education, University of Education, Winneba, Ghana
| | - Yimeng Zou
- Biopharmaceutic Lab, College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Peoples Republic of China
| | - Dan Wang
- Biopharmaceutic Lab, College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Peoples Republic of China
| | - Changhui Hu
- Biopharmaceutic Lab, College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Peoples Republic of China
| | - Guiping Ren
- Biopharmaceutic Lab, College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Peoples Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biological Function Gene, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Peoples Republic of China
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19
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Research Progress of Fibroblast Growth Factor 21 in Fibrotic Diseases. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:5042762. [PMID: 35677107 PMCID: PMC9168133 DOI: 10.1155/2022/5042762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Revised: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Fibrosis is a common pathological outcome of chronic injuries, characterized by excessive deposition of extracellular matrix components in organs, as seen in most chronic inflammatory diseases. At present, there is an increasing tendency of the morbidity and mortality of diseases caused by fibrosis, but the treatment measures for fibrosis are still limited. Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) belongs to the FGF19 subfamily, which also has the name endocrine FGFs because of their endocrine manner. In recent years, it has been found that plasma FGF21 level is significantly correlated with fibrosis progression. Furthermore, there is evidence that FGF21 has a pronounced antifibrotic effect in a variety of fibrotic diseases. This review summarizes the biological effects of FGF21 and discusses what is currently known about this factor and fibrosis disease, highlighting emerging insights that warrant further research.
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20
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Wu G, Wu S, Yan J, Gao S, Zhu J, Yue M, Li Z, Tan X. Fibroblast Growth Factor 21 Predicts Short-Term Prognosis in Patients With Acute Heart Failure: A Prospective Cohort Study. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:834967. [PMID: 35369322 PMCID: PMC8965840 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.834967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent studies of fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21), first recognized as a regulator of glucose and lipid metabolism, have found that the level of in serum FGF21 is associated with the prognosis of many cardiovascular diseases, but its relationship to acute heart failure (AHF) patients remains unknown. Our study aimed to investigate whether circulating FGF21 could predict the short-term prognosis of AHF patients. METHODS Four hundred and two AHF patients and 19 healthy controls were recruited into the prospective cohort study, and blood samples of participants were collected, in tubes without anticoagulant, within the first 24 h after hospital admission. Serum FGF21 levels were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). All patients were followed-up at least 6 months after discharge. The primary endpoint was all-cause death, and secondary endpoint was a composite endpoint of death and heart failure readmission. Mortality and composite end point events were analyzed using Kaplan-Meier curves. ROC curves compared the difference between the FGF21 and NT-proBNP in predicting 3- and 6-months mortality. Time-to-event data were evaluated using Kaplan-Meier estimation and Cox proportional hazards models. RESULTS In the present study, the serum FGF21 concentrations were significantly higher in the 402 AHF patients enrolled, compared with the 19 healthy controls (p < 0.001). The average age was 70 (±12) years, and 58% were males. Participants were divided into two groups according to the median FGF21 level (262 pg/ml): a high FGF21 group (n = 201, FGF21 ≥ 262 pg/ml) and low FGF21 group (n = 201, FGF21 <262 pg/ml). FGF21 was positively correlated with NT-proBNP, BUN, AST, creatinine and cholesterol, and negatively correlated with ALB and HDL. After a median follow-up of 193 days, the high FGF21 group had higher mortality and composite endpoint events compared with the low FGF21 group (HR: 3.91, 95% CI 2.21-6.92, p <0.001), even after adjusting for NT-proBNP (HR: 3.17, 95% CI 1.72-5.81, p < 0.001). ROC analysis shows that FGF21 was better than NT-proBNP in predicting death at both 3 (AUC, 0.77 vs. 0.63, p < 0.001) and 6 months (AUC, 0.78 vs. 0.66). CONCLUSION High baseline FGF21 levels are associated with adverse clinical outcomes in AHF patients. Serum FGF21 might be a potential predictive biomarker of AHF patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guihai Wu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
- Clinical Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Shenglin Wu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
- Clinical Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Jingyi Yan
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
- Clinical Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Shanshan Gao
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
- Clinical Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Jinxiu Zhu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
- Clinical Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Minghui Yue
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
- Clinical Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Zexin Li
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
- Clinical Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Xuerui Tan
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
- Clinical Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
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21
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He L, Bao T, Yang Y, Wang H, Gu C, Chen J, Zhai T, He X, Wu M, Zhao L, Tong X. Exploring the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes mellitus intestinal damp-heat syndrome and the therapeutic effect of Gegen Qinlian Decoction from the perspective of exosomal miRNA. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 285:114786. [PMID: 34763043 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Revised: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Diabetes is a common, complex, chronic metabolic disease. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-parallel controlled clinical study has shown that Gegen Qinlian Decoction (GQD) can reduce glycosylated hemoglobin in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) intestinal damp-heat syndrome patients in a dose-dependent manner. AIM To explore the pathogenesis of T2DM intestinal damp-heat syndrome and the therapeutic effect of GQD from the perspective of exosomal microRNA (miRNA). METHODS Eligible patients were selected and treated with GQD for 3 months to evaluate their clinical efficacy. Effective cases were matched with healthy volunteers, and saliva samples were collected. Exosomal miRNA was extracted from saliva and analyzed by chip sequencing. Subsequently, the function of the differential gene and the signal transduction pathway were analyzed using bioinformatics technology. Finally, three target miRNAs were randomly selected from the T2DM group/healthy group, and two target miRNAs in the T2DM before treatment/after treatment group were randomly selected for qPCR verification. Finally, we conducted a correlation analysis of the miRNAs and clinical indicators. The registration number for this research is ChiCTR-IOR-15006626. RESULTS (1) The expression of exosomal miRNA chips showed that there were 14 differentially expressed miRNAs in the T2DM group/healthy group, and 26 differentially expressed miRNAs in the T2DM before treatment/after treatment group. (2) Enrichment results showed that in the T2DM group/healthy group, it was primarily related to cell development, body metabolism, TGF-β, and ErbB signaling pathways. In the T2DM before treatment/after treatment group, it was mainly related to cellular metabolic regulation processes, and insulin, Wnt, and AMPK signaling pathways. (3) The qPCR verification showed that the expressions of hsa-miR-9-5p, hsa-miR-150-5p, and hsa-miR-216b-5p in the T2DM group was higher (P<0.05). Following GQD treatment, hsa-miR-342-3p and hsa-miR-221-3p were significantly downregulated (P<0.05). (4) hsa-miR-9-5p was positively correlated with BMI (P<0.05), and hsa-miR-150-5p was positively correlated with total cholesterol and triglycerides (P<0.05). The GQD efficacy-related gene hsa-miR-342-3p was positively correlated with the patient's initial blood glucose level (P<0.05), and hsa-miR-221-3p was positively correlated with total cholesterol and triglycerides (P<0.05). CONCLUSION The exosomal miRNA expression profile and signaling pathways related to T2DM intestinal damp-heat syndrome and the efficacy of GQD were established, which provides an alternative strategy for precision traditional Chinese medicine treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- LiSha He
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Tingting Bao
- Graduate College, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China; Department of Endocrinology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100053, China
| | - Yingying Yang
- Graduate College, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China; Department of Endocrinology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100053, China
| | - Han Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100053, China
| | - Chengjuan Gu
- Shenzhen Hospital of Guang Zhou University of Chinese Medicine (Futian), Shenzhen, 518000, China
| | - Jia Chen
- Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Tiangang Zhai
- Graduate College, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China; Department of Endocrinology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100053, China
| | - Xinhui He
- Yunnan Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Kunming, 650000, China
| | - Mengyi Wu
- Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Linhua Zhao
- Department of Endocrinology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100053, China.
| | - Xiaolin Tong
- Endocrinology Department, Affiliated Hospital to Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Jilin, 130117, China.
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Cardamomin protects from diabetes-induced kidney damage through modulating PI3K/AKT and JAK/STAT signaling pathways in rats. Int Immunopharmacol 2022; 107:108610. [PMID: 35219163 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2022.108610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetic nephropathy is one of the common complications of diabetes mellitus, which seriously affects the life quality and health of patients. In this study, we aimed to investigate the function of cardamonin (CAD) in diabetes-induced kidney damage in rats. METHODS The normal rat kidney tubular epithelial cells (NRK-52E) were pre-treated with different doses of CAD and then stimulated with methylglyoxal (MGO). Streptozotocin (STZ) induced diabetes rat model were received different doses of CAD treatment. MTT, EdU, Transwell, and flow cytometry was used to detect cell viability, proliferation, migration, and apoptosis. Western blot analysis was used to detect the expression of apoptosis related proteins, advanced glycation end-products (AGEs), receptor for AGEs (RAGE), epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT) related proteins, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B (PI3K/AKT) pathway related proteins, and janus kinas/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (JAK/STAT3) related proteins. ELISA assay was used to detect the levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and interleukin-1β (IL-1β). The levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione (GSH), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were detected using commercial kit. Hematoxylin and eosin staining was used to assess pathological changes in rat kidney. RESULTS Compared with control group, MGO reduced cell viability and proliferation, enhanced migration and apoptosis of NRK-52E cells, while CAD inhibited these effects induced by MGO in NRK-52E cells. Moreover, CAD increased Bcl-2 expression and decreased the expression of Bax and cleaved caspase-3 in MGO-treated NRK-52E cells. Compared with control group, MGO increased the AGEs formation, the expression of RAGE and p-p65, the levels of TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β, MDA in NRK-52E cells and reduced the levels of GSH and SOD, while treatment of CAD dose-dependently prevented these results. In addition, CAD attenuated MGO-induced EMT of MGO-treated NRK-52E cells. Mechanically, we identified that CAD repressed PI3K/AKT and JAK/STAT3 signaling in NRK-52E cells. Importantly, the kidney injury of diabetes rats was attenuated by CAD. Besides, STZ-induced inflammatory response, oxidative stress, and phosphorylation levels of PI3K, AKT, JAK2, and STAT3 were reduced by CAD in the rats. CONCLUSION CAD protects from diabetes-induced kidney damage through modulating PI3K/AKT and JAK/STAT signaling pathways in rats.
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Phosphate Toxicity and Epithelial to Mesenchymal Transition. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2022; 1362:73-84. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-91623-7_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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24
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Yang M, Luo S, Yang J, Chen W, He L, Liu D, Zhao L, Wang X. Myokines: Novel therapeutic targets for diabetic nephropathy. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:1014581. [PMID: 36387916 PMCID: PMC9640471 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.1014581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
With the increasing incidence of diabetic nephropathy (DN), there is an urgent need to find effective DN preventive and therapeutic modalities. It is widely believed that effective exercise is good for health. However, the beneficial role of exercise in kidney disease, especially in DN, and the underlying molecular mechanisms have rarely been reported. Muscle is not only an important motor organ but also an important endocrine organ, secreting a group of proteins called "myokines" into the blood circulation. Circulating myokines then move to various target organs to play different biological roles. In this review, we summarize the currently known myokines and the progress in research relating them to DN and discuss its potential as a therapeutic target for DN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Yang
- Department of Nutrition, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Shilu Luo
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jinfei Yang
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Liyu He
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Di Liu
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Li Zhao
- Department of Reproduction and Genetics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Xi Wang
- Department of Nutrition, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- *Correspondence: Xi Wang,
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25
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Exercise Training Alleviates Cardiac Fibrosis through Increasing Fibroblast Growth Factor 21 and Regulating TGF-β1-Smad2/3-MMP2/9 Signaling in Mice with Myocardial Infarction. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222212341. [PMID: 34830222 PMCID: PMC8623999 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222212341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Exercise training has been reported to alleviate cardiac fibrosis and ameliorate heart dysfunction after myocardial infarction (MI), but the molecular mechanism is still not fully clarified. Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) exerts a protective effect on the infarcted heart. This study investigates whether exercise training could increase FGF21 protein expression and regulate the transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1)-Smad2/3-MMP2/9 signaling pathway to alleviate cardiac fibrosis following MI. Male wild type (WT) C57BL/6J mice and Fgf21 knockout (Fgf21 KO) mice were used to establish the MI model and subjected to five weeks of different types of exercise training. Both aerobic exercise training (AET) and resistance exercise training (RET) significantly alleviated cardiac dysfunction and fibrosis, up-regulated FGF21 protein expression, inhibited the activation of TGF-β1-Smad2/3-MMP2/9 signaling pathway and collagen production, and meanwhile, enhanced antioxidant capacity and reduced cell apoptosis in the infarcted heart. In contrast, knockout of Fgf21 weakened the cardioprotective effects of AET after MI. In vitro, cardiac fibroblasts (CFs) were isolated from neonatal mice hearts and treated with H2O2 (100 μM, 6 h). Recombinant human FGF21 (rhFGF21, 100 ng/mL, 15 h) and/or 5-Aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleotide (AICAR, 1 mM, 15 h) inhibited H2O2-induced activation of the TGF-β1-Smad2/3-MMP2/9 signaling pathway, promoted CFs apoptosis and reduced collagen production. In conclusion, exercise training increases FGF21 protein expression, inactivates the TGF-β1-Smad2/3-MMP2/9 signaling pathway, alleviates cardiac fibrosis, oxidative stress, and cell apoptosis, and finally improves cardiac function in mice with MI. FGF21 plays an important role in the anti-fibrosis effect of exercise training.
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26
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Deng J, Liu Y, Liu Y, Li W, Nie X. The Multiple Roles of Fibroblast Growth Factor in Diabetic Nephropathy. J Inflamm Res 2021; 14:5273-5290. [PMID: 34703268 PMCID: PMC8524061 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s334996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a common microvascular complication in the late stages of diabetes. Currently, the etiology and pathogenesis of DN are not well understood. Even so, available evidence shows its development is associated with metabolism, oxidative stress, cytokine interaction, genetic factors, and renal microvascular disease. Diabetic nephropathy can lead to proteinuria, edema and hypertension, among other complications. In severe cases, it can cause life-threatening complications such as renal failure. Patients with type 1 diabetes, hypertension, high protein intake, and smokers have a higher risk of developing DN. Fibroblast growth factor (FGF) regulates several human processes essential for normal development. Even though FGF has been implicated in the pathological development of DN, the underlying mechanisms are not well understood. This review summarizes the role of FGF in the development of DN. Moreover, the association of FGF with metabolism, inflammation, oxidative stress and fibrosis in the context of DN is discussed. Findings of this review are expected to deepen our understanding of DN and generate ideas for developing effective prevention and treatments for the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junyu Deng
- College of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563000, People's Republic of China
| | - Ye Liu
- College of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563000, People's Republic of China
| | - Yiqiu Liu
- College of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563000, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Li
- College of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563000, People's Republic of China.,Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Chinese Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563000, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuqiang Nie
- College of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563000, People's Republic of China.,Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Chinese Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563000, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of the Basic Pharmacology of the Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563000, People's Republic of China.,Institute of Materia Medica, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, People's Republic of China
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27
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Zhou X, Zhang Y, Wang N. Regulation and Potential Biological Role of Fibroblast Growth Factor 21 in Chronic Kidney Disease. Front Physiol 2021; 12:764503. [PMID: 34675822 PMCID: PMC8525706 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.764503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is an incurable progressive disease with the progressive impairment of kidney function, which can accelerate the progression of cardiovascular disease, increase the risk of infection, and lead to related complications such as anemia and bone disease. CKD is to a great extent preventable and treatable, and it is particularly important to improve the early diagnosis, strengthen the research underlying the mechanism of disease occurrence and development, and innovate new intervention measures. Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) belongs to one of members of endocrine FGF subfamily with evolutionarily conserved functions and performs a vital role in the regulation of energy balance and adipose metabolism. FGF21 needs to rely on β-Klotho protein to specifically bind to FGF receptor (FGFR), which activates the FGF21 signaling exerting the biological function. FGF21 is deemed as an important regulatory factor extensively modulating many cellular functions under physiologic and pathologic conditions. Although the metabolic effect of FGF21 has been extensively studied, its potential biological role in the kidney has not been generally investigated. In this review, we summarize the biological characteristics, regulation and biological function of FGF21 based on the current studies, and briefly discuss the potential relationship with chronic kidney disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Zhou
- Department of Nephrology, Tianjin Haihe Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Yuefeng Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Tianjin Haihe Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Ning Wang
- Tianjin Third Central Hospital, Tianjin, China
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Wang C, Tu H, Yang L, Ma C, Hu J, Luo J, Wang H. FOXN3 inhibits cell proliferation and invasion via modulating the AKT/MDM2/p53 axis in human glioma. Aging (Albany NY) 2021; 13:21587-21598. [PMID: 34511432 PMCID: PMC8457572 DOI: 10.18632/aging.203499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the biological role of forkhead box N3 (FOXN3) in human glioma and clarify the possible molecular mechanisms. FOXN3 expression patterns in clinical tissue specimens were characterized via qPCR and Western blotting. Kaplan-Meier survival curve was applied to assess the correlation between FOXN3 expression and overall survival. Effects of FOXN3 over-expression and depletion on glioma cell proliferation, apoptosis, migration and invasion were assessed by CCK8, colony formation assay, flow cytometry, scratch wound healing assay and Transwell invasion assay, respectively. Moreover, the involvement of AKT/murine double minute 2 (MDM2)/p53 pathway was evaluated. Additionally, tumor transplantation model assay was performed to determine the effects of FOXN3 over-expression on glioma cell growth in vivo. Results showed that FOXN3 was significantly down-regulated in glioma tissues compared with normal tissues. Patients with lower FOXN3 expression exhibited a shorter overall survival time. Gain- and loss-of-function analyses demonstrated that FOXN3 over-expression significantly suppressed proliferation, survival and motility of glioma cells, whereas FOXN3 knockdown remarkably promoted glioma cell proliferation, survival and motility. Furthermore, FOXN3 over-expression inhibited the activation of AKT/MDM2/p53 signaling pathway in glioma cells, while FOXN3 depletion facilitated its activation. Additionally, tumor xenograft assays revealed that FOXN3 over-expression retarded glioma cell growth in vivo. Collectively, these findings indicate that FOXN3 inhibits cell growth and invasion through inactivating the AKT/MDM2/p53 signaling pathway and that FOXN3-AKT/MDM2/p53 axis may represent a novel therapeutic target for glioma patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaojia Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Taihe Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan 442000, China
| | - Hanjun Tu
- First School of Clinical Medicine, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan 442000, China
| | - Ling Yang
- Department of Pediatrics, Taihe Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan 442000, China
| | - Chunming Ma
- Department of Rehabilitation, Taihe Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan 442000, China
| | - Juntao Hu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Taihe Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan 442000, China
| | - Jie Luo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Taihe Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan 442000, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Taihe Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan 442000, China
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Fang H, Ghosh S, Sims LC, Stone KP, Hill CM, Spires D, Ilatovskaya DV, Morrison CD, Gettys TW, Stadler K. FGF21 prevents low-protein diet-induced renal inflammation in aged mice. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2021; 321:F356-F368. [PMID: 34151592 PMCID: PMC8530754 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00107.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Low-protein (LP) diets extend lifespan through a comprehensive improvement in metabolic health across multiple tissues and organs. Many of these metabolic responses to protein restriction are secondary to transcriptional activation and release of FGF21 from the liver. However, the effects of an LP diet on the kidney in the context of aging has not been examined. Therefore, the goal of the current study was to investigate the impact of chronic consumption of an LP diet on the kidney in aging mice lacking FGF21. Wild-type (WT; C57BL/6J) and FGF21 knockout (KO) mice were fed a normal protein diet (20% casein) or an LP (5% casein) diet ad libitum from 3 to 22 mo of age. The LP diet led to a decrease in kidney weight and urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio in both WT and FGF21 KO mice. Although the LP diet produced only mild fibrosis and infiltration of leukocytes in WT kidneys, the effects were significantly exacerbated by the absence of FGF21. Accordingly, transcriptomic analysis showed that inflammation-related pathways were significantly enriched and upregulated in response to LP diet in FGF21 KO mice but not WT mice. Collectively, these data demonstrate that the LP diet negatively affected the kidney during aging, but in the absence of FGF21, the LP diet-induced renal damage and inflammation were significantly worse, indicating a protective role of FGF21 in the kidney.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Long-term protein restriction is not advantageous for an otherwise healthy, aging kidney, as it facilitates the development of renal tubular injury and inflammatory cell infiltration. We provide evidence using FGF21 knockout animals that FGF21 is essential to counteract the renal injury and inflammation during aging on a low-protein diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Fang
- Laboratory of Nutrient Sensing and Adipocyte Signaling, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana
| | - Sujoy Ghosh
- Laboratory of Computational Biology, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana
- Program in Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders and Centre for Computational Biology, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore
| | - Landon C Sims
- Laboratory of Nutrient Sensing and Adipocyte Signaling, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana
| | - Kirsten P Stone
- Laboratory of Nutrient Sensing and Adipocyte Signaling, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana
| | - Cristal M Hill
- Laboratory of Neurosignaling, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana
| | - Denisha Spires
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Daria V Ilatovskaya
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Christopher D Morrison
- Laboratory of Neurosignaling, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana
| | - Thomas W Gettys
- Laboratory of Nutrient Sensing and Adipocyte Signaling, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana
| | - Krisztian Stadler
- Oxidative Stress and Disease Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana
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Liu Z, Chen H, Fan Z, Dai J, Sun Y, Yan L, Wang R, Li X, Wang J. IFN-α-2b Inhibits the Proliferation and Migration of Fibroblasts via the TGFβ/Smad Signaling Pathway to Reduce Postoperative Epidural Fibrosis. J Interferon Cytokine Res 2021; 41:271-282. [PMID: 34410879 DOI: 10.1089/jir.2020.0231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Epidural fibrosis after lumbar laminectomy refers to a serious complication, and excessive proliferation of fibroblasts is considered the major factor. Interferon-alpha-2b (IFN-α-2b) can exert antiviral and antiproliferative effects, which has been suggested to effectively prevent several fibrotic diseases. However, the effect of IFN-α-2b on the prevention of epidural fibrosis (EF) and its possible mechanism remain unclear. In this study, in vitro and in vivo experiments were performed to examine the possible mechanism of IFN-α-2b for preventing EF. Cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8), cell cycle test, Edu incorporation, wound healing assay, transwell test, and Western blotting assay were performed to investigate the inhibitory effect of IFN-α-2b on the proliferation and migration of fibroblasts in vitro. As indicated from the results, IFN-α-2b was capable of inhibiting proliferation and migration of fibroblasts and inhibiting the activity of the transforming growth factor β (TGFβ)/Smad signaling pathway. In vivo, the effect of IFN-α-2b on the reduction of EF was determined by performing histological macroscopic evaluation and histological and immunohistochemical staining. As suggested from the results, IFN-α-2b significantly inhibited EF after laminectomy. As revealed from the mentioned results, IFN-α-2b may have a promising application for preventing EF in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhendong Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, Clinical Medical College of Yangzhou University, Subei People's Hospital of Jiangsu Province, Yangzhou, China
| | - Hui Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, Clinical Medical College of Yangzhou University, Subei People's Hospital of Jiangsu Province, Yangzhou, China
| | - Zhehao Fan
- Department of Orthopedics, Clinical Medical College of Yangzhou University, Subei People's Hospital of Jiangsu Province, Yangzhou, China
| | - Jihang Dai
- Department of Orthopedics, Clinical Medical College of Yangzhou University, Subei People's Hospital of Jiangsu Province, Yangzhou, China
| | - Yu Sun
- Department of Orthopedics, Clinical Medical College of Yangzhou University, Subei People's Hospital of Jiangsu Province, Yangzhou, China
| | - Lianqi Yan
- Department of Orthopedics, Clinical Medical College of Yangzhou University, Subei People's Hospital of Jiangsu Province, Yangzhou, China
| | - Rui Wang
- Dermatological Department, Dezhou People's Hospital, Dezhou, China
| | - Xiaolei Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Clinical Medical College of Yangzhou University, Subei People's Hospital of Jiangsu Province, Yangzhou, China
| | - Jingcheng Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Clinical Medical College of Yangzhou University, Subei People's Hospital of Jiangsu Province, Yangzhou, China
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31
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Small molecules against the origin and activation of myofibroblast for renal interstitial fibrosis therapy. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 139:111386. [PMID: 34243594 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.111386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Revised: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Renal interstitial fibrosis (RIF) is a common pathological response in a broad range of prevalent chronic kidney diseases and ultimately leads to renal failure and death. Although RIF causes a high morbi-mortality worldwide, effective therapeutic drugs are urgently needed. Myofibroblasts are identified as the main effector during the process of RIF. Multiple types of cells, including fibroblasts, epithelial cells, endothelial cells, macrophages and pericytes, contribute to renal myofibroblasts origin, and lots of mediators, including signaling pathways (Transforming growth factor-β1, mammalian target of rapamycin and reactive oxygen species) and epigenetic modifications (Histone acetylation, microRNA and long non-coding RNA) are participated in renal myofibroblasts activation during renal fibrogenesis, suggesting that these mediators may be the promising targets for treating RIF. In addition, many small molecules show profound therapeutic effects on RIF by suppressing the origin and activation of renal myofibroblasts. Taken together, the review focuses on the mechanisms of the origin and activation of renal myofibroblasts in RIF and the small molecules against them improving RIF, which will provide a new insight for RIF therapy.
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32
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Xing Y, Wang Q, Zhang J, Li W, Duan A, Yang J, Liu Z. Chromatin accessibility of kidney tubular cells under stress reveals key transcription factor mediating acute and chronic kidney disease. FEBS J 2021; 288:5446-5458. [PMID: 33713542 DOI: 10.1111/febs.15818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Revised: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Cellular injury caused by stimuli plays an important role in the progression of various diseases including acute and chronic kidney diseases. The dynamic transcriptional regulation responding to stimuli underlies the important mechanism of injury. In this study, we investigated the regulatory elements and their dynamic activities in kidney tubular epithelial cells. We captured the chromatin accessibility and gene expression with ATAC-seq and RNA sequencing under a variety of extracellular stimuli including H2 O2 , TGF-β1, and FG4592 which is an agonist of hypoxia-inducible factor. Our results revealed both condition-specific and condition-shared transcription regulation. Interestingly, the shared regulation program revealed that the key transcription factor HNF1B-mediated cellular reprogramming leads to a common change among the stimuli. We found the HNF1B regulatory network was significantly disrupted in various kidney diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuexian Xing
- National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Diseases, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China.,National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Diseases, Jinling Hospital, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qi Wang
- National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Diseases, Jinling Hospital, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Diseases, Jinling Hospital, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wenju Li
- National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Diseases, Jinling Hospital, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Aiping Duan
- National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Diseases, Jinling Hospital, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jingping Yang
- National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Diseases, Jinling Hospital, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhihong Liu
- National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Diseases, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China.,National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Diseases, Jinling Hospital, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
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Tao QR, Chu YM, Wei L, Tu C, Han YY. Antiangiogenic therapy in diabetic nephropathy: A double‑edged sword (Review). Mol Med Rep 2021; 23:260. [PMID: 33655322 PMCID: PMC7893700 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2021.11899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes and the associated complications are becoming a serious global threat and an increasing burden to human health and the healthcare systems. Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is the primary cause of end-stage kidney disease. Abnormal angiogenesis is well established to be implicated in the morphology and pathophysiology of DN. Factors that promote or inhibit angiogenesis serve an important role in DN. In the present review, the current issues associated with the vascular disease in DN are highlighted, and the challenges in the development of treatments are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian-Ru Tao
- Department of Nephrology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213000, P.R. China
| | - Ying-Ming Chu
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese Medicine, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, P.R. China
| | - Lan Wei
- Department of Internal Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213000, P.R. China
| | - Chao Tu
- Department of Internal Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213000, P.R. China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Han
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, Yunnan 650118, P.R. China
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Qi R, Wang J, Jiang Y, Qiu Y, Xu M, Rong R, Zhu T. Snai1-induced partial epithelial-mesenchymal transition orchestrates p53-p21-mediated G2/M arrest in the progression of renal fibrosis via NF-κB-mediated inflammation. Cell Death Dis 2021; 12:44. [PMID: 33414422 PMCID: PMC7790819 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-020-03322-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 11/22/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Renal fibrosis is the common feature of all progressive kidney diseases and exerts great burden on public health worldwide. The maladaptive repair mechanism of tubular epithelial cells, an important mediator of renal fibrogenesis, manifests with partial epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and cell cycle arrest. The aim of this study is to investigate the possible correlation between partial EMT and cell cycle arrest, and elucidate the underlying mechanism. We examined human kidney allograft samples with interstitial fibrosis and three mice renal fibrosis models, unilateral ureter obstruction (UUO), ischemia-reperfusion injury, and Adriamycin nephropathy. The partial EMT process and p53-p21 axis were elevated in both human allograft with interstitial fibrosis, as well as three mice renal fibrosis models, and showed a time-dependent increase as fibrosis progressed in the UUO model. Snai1 controlled the partial EMT process, and led to parallel changes in renal fibrosis, G2/M arrest, and inflammation. p53-p21 axis arrested cell cycle at G2/M, and prompted partial EMT and fibrosis together with inflammation. NF-κB inhibitor Bay11-7082 disrupted the reciprocal loop between Snai1-induced partial EMT and p53-p21-mediated G2/M arrest. We demonstrated the reciprocal loop between partial EMT and G2/M arrest of TECs during renal fibrogenesis and revealed NF-κB-mediated inflammatory response as the underlying mechanism. This study suggests that targeting NF-κB might be a plausible therapeutic strategy to disrupt the reciprocal loop between partial EMT and G2/M arrest, therefore alleviating renal fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruochen Qi
- grid.8547.e0000 0001 0125 2443Department of Urology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032 P. R. China ,grid.8547.e0000 0001 0125 2443Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032 P.R. China ,grid.413087.90000 0004 1755 3939Shanghai Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Shanghai, 200032 P. R. China
| | - Jiyan Wang
- grid.8547.e0000 0001 0125 2443Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032 P.R. China ,grid.413087.90000 0004 1755 3939Shanghai Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Shanghai, 200032 P. R. China
| | - Yamei Jiang
- grid.8547.e0000 0001 0125 2443Department of Urology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032 P. R. China ,grid.8547.e0000 0001 0125 2443Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032 P.R. China ,grid.413087.90000 0004 1755 3939Shanghai Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Shanghai, 200032 P. R. China
| | - Yue Qiu
- grid.8547.e0000 0001 0125 2443Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032 P.R. China ,grid.413087.90000 0004 1755 3939Shanghai Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Shanghai, 200032 P. R. China
| | - Ming Xu
- grid.8547.e0000 0001 0125 2443Department of Urology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032 P. R. China ,grid.413087.90000 0004 1755 3939Shanghai Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Shanghai, 200032 P. R. China
| | - Ruiming Rong
- grid.8547.e0000 0001 0125 2443Department of Urology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032 P. R. China ,grid.413087.90000 0004 1755 3939Shanghai Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Shanghai, 200032 P. R. China ,grid.8547.e0000 0001 0125 2443Department of Transfusion, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032 P. R. China
| | - Tongyu Zhu
- grid.8547.e0000 0001 0125 2443Department of Urology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032 P. R. China ,grid.413087.90000 0004 1755 3939Shanghai Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Shanghai, 200032 P. R. China
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35
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Jiang S, Oh DS, Dorotea D, Son E, Kim DS, Ha H. Dojuksan ameliorates tubulointerstitial fibrosis through irisin-mediated muscle-kidney crosstalk. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 80:153393. [PMID: 33120292 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2020.153393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Revised: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sarcopenia progresses in chronic kidney disease (CKD) and is positively correlated with mortality in end-stage kidney disease patients. Circulating irisin, an exercise-induced myokine, gradually decreases during CKD stage progression. Irisin inhibits the progression of kidney fibrosis, which is the final common outcome of CKD. Our preliminary study with C2C12 cells showed that Dojuksan, a herbal decoction, increases the expression of PGC1α (a regulator of irisin) and FNDC5 (a precursor of irisin). HYPOTHESIS Dojuksan may increase circulating irisin and prevent the progression of kidney fibrosis. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS Unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) was performed on seven-week-old male C57BL/6 mice to induce kidney tubulointerstitial fibrosis. Dojuksan (50, 100, or 200 mg/kg/day) or losartan (1.5 mg/kg/day), a standard clinical treatment for CKD, was administered orally one day prior to surgery and continued for seven days thereafter. To determine the role of irisin released from muscles, TGFβ-stimulated murine proximal tubular epithelial cells (mProx24 cells) were treated with conditioned media (CM) from Dojuksan-treated C2C12 muscle cells transfected with FNDC5 siRNA. RESULTS UUO mice exhibited muscle wasting along with progressive kidney injury. Similar to losartan, Dojuksan ameliorated kidney inflammation and fibrosis in UUO mice. Dojuksan, but not losartan, increased plasma irisin concentration in UUO mice. Dojuksan significantly increased basal FNDC5 expression and inhibited TNFα-induced and indoxyl sulfate-induced FNDC5 down-regulation in C2C12 cells. The TGFβ-induced collagen I (COL1) up-regulation in mProx24 cells was effectively inhibited by CM from C2C12 cells after Dojuksan treatment. Moreover, irisin inhibited TGFβ-induced COL1 in mProx24 cells, which was not affected by CM from C2C12 cells transfected with FNDC5 siRNA. CONCLUSION Dojuksan ameliorates kidney fibrosis through irisin-mediated muscle-kidney crosstalk, suggesting that Dojuksan may be used as an alternative therapeutic agent against CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Songling Jiang
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Dal-Seok Oh
- The Herbal Medicine Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Debra Dorotea
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunjung Son
- The Herbal Medicine Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Seon Kim
- The Herbal Medicine Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hunjoo Ha
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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36
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Guo C, Wang Y, Piao Y, Rao X, Yin D. Chrysophanol Inhibits the Progression of Diabetic Nephropathy via Inactivation of TGF-β Pathway. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2020; 14:4951-4962. [PMID: 33235436 PMCID: PMC7678702 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s274191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Background Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a common form of diabetic complication which threatens the health of patients with diabetes. It has been reported that chrysophanol (CHR) can alleviate the progression of diabetes; however, the role of CHR in DN remains unclear. Methods To mimic DN in vitro, human podocytes (AB8/13 cells) were treated with high glucose (HG). Meanwhile, Western blot was performed to detect protein expressions. CCK-8 assay was used to test cell viability and cell proliferation was detected by Ki-67 staining. In addition, flow cytometry was performed to investigate cell apoptosis and cycle and cell migration was tested by transwell assay. Moreover, in vivo model of DN was established to detect the effect of CHR on DN in vivo. Results HG-induced AB8/13 cell growth inhibition was significantly rescued by CHR. In addition, HG notably promoted the migration of AB8/13 cells, while this phenomenon was obviously reversed by CHR. Moreover, CHR inhibited the progression of DN via inactivation of TGF-β/EMT axis. Furthermore, CHR alleviated the symptom of DN in vivo. Conclusion CHR significantly alleviated the progression of DN via inactivation of TGF-β/EMT signaling in vitro and in vivo. Our findings were helpful to uncover the mechanism by which CHR regulates DN, as well as inspire the development of novel therapy against DN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuan Guo
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing 100730, People's Republic of China.,Department of Nephropathy, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100053, People's Republic of China
| | - Yarong Wang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing 100730, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanlin Piao
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing 100730, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiangrong Rao
- Department of Nephropathy, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100053, People's Republic of China
| | - Dehai Yin
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing 100730, People's Republic of China
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Destruction of the blood-retina barrier in diabetic retinopathy depends on angiotensin-converting enzyme-mediated TGF-β1/Smad signaling pathway activation. Int Immunopharmacol 2020; 85:106686. [PMID: 32531714 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2020.106686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Revised: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a systemic, chronic metabolic disease that is related to heredity and autoimmunity and is often accompanied by complications of retinopathy. However, the causative mechanism involved in the pathological process remains unclear. In this research, treatment with fosinopril or LY2109761 was found to be responsible for the improvement of the pathological processes, serum biochemical indexes and retinopathy in rats with streptozotocin-induced diabetes. In addition, the upregulation of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) in the serum and the increased expression of TGF-β1 in the pathological outer nuclear layer (ONL) and inner nuclear layer (INL) of the retina were also reduced. In vitro experiments demonstrated that ACE enhanced cell damage and TGF-β1/Smad signaling pathway activation in retinal capillary endothelial cells (RCECs) under high glucose conditions. In addition, the activity of ACE was also considered to be related to the increasing levels of activated TGF-β1 in both rat retinal Müller cells (RMCs) and RCECs, but ACE activity had no effect on the high glucose-mediated upregulation of total TGF-β1 in RMCs. Coculture experiments with RCECs and RMCs showed that the barrier that was established under normal conditions was significantly impaired when exposed to high glucose combined with ACE, and damage of barrier can be prevented by adding fosinopril or LY2109761. Finally, a similar auxiliary effect of ACE was also observed in the activated TGF-β1-mediated barrier damage in blood-retinal barrier model in vitro. In summary, ACE-mediated TGF-β1/Smad signaling pathway activation was found to be involved in the destruction of the blood-retina barrier during diabetic retinopathy in a model of streptozotocin-induced diabetes, and these data may provide evidence to guide the treatment of the complications of diabetes mellitus.
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