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Mojumdar A, B S U, Packirisamy G. A simple and effective method for smartphone-based detection of polyamines in oral cancer. Biomed Mater 2024; 19:045044. [PMID: 38871001 DOI: 10.1088/1748-605x/ad581a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
Oral cancer accounts for 50%-70% of all cancer-related deaths in India and ranks sixth among the most frequent cancers globally. Roughly 90% of oral malignancies are histologically arise from squamous cells and are therefore called oral squamous cell carcinoma. Organic polycations known as biogenic polyamines, for example, putrescine (Put), spermidine (Spd), and spermine (Spm), are vital for cell proliferation, including gene expression control, regulation of endonuclease-mediated fragmentation of DNA, and DNA damage inhibition. Higher Spm and Spd levels have been identified as cancer biomarkers for detecting tumour development in various cancers. The current study utilises tannic acid, a polyphenolic compound, as a reducing and capping agent to fabricate AuNPs via a one-step microwave-assisted synthesis. The fabricated TA@AuNPs were utilised as a nanoprobe for colourimetric sensing of polyamines in PBS. When TA@AuNPs are added to the polyamine, the amine groups in polyamines interact with the phenolic groups of TA@AuNPs via hydrogen bonding or electrostatic interactions. These interactions cause the aggregation of TA@AuNPs, resulting in a red shift of the Surface Plasmon Resonance band of TA@AuNPs from 530 nm to 560 nm. The nanoprobe was found to be highly specific for Spm at low concentrations. TA@AuNPs were able to detect Spm successfully in artificial saliva samples. On recording the RGB values of the sensing process using a smartphone app, it was found that as the nanoparticles aggregated due to the presence of Spm, the intensity of theR-value decreased, indicating the aggregation of TA@AuNPs due to interaction with the polyamine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asmita Mojumdar
- Centre for Nanotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, Uttarakhand 247667, India
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, Uttarakhand 247667, India
| | - Unnikrishnan B S
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, Uttarakhand 247667, India
| | - Gopinath Packirisamy
- Centre for Nanotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, Uttarakhand 247667, India
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, Uttarakhand 247667, India
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Jang WJ, Lee S, Jeong CH. Uncovering transcriptomic biomarkers for enhanced diagnosis of methamphetamine use disorder: a comprehensive review. Front Psychiatry 2024; 14:1302994. [PMID: 38260797 PMCID: PMC10800441 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1302994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Methamphetamine use disorder (MUD) is a chronic relapsing disorder characterized by compulsive Methamphetamine (MA) use despite its detrimental effects on physical, psychological, and social well-being. The development of MUD is a complex process that involves the interplay of genetic, epigenetic, and environmental factors. The treatment of MUD remains a significant challenge, with no FDA-approved pharmacotherapies currently available. Current diagnostic criteria for MUD rely primarily on self-reporting and behavioral assessments, which have inherent limitations owing to their subjective nature. This lack of objective biomarkers and unidimensional approaches may not fully capture the unique features and consequences of MA addiction. Methods We performed a literature search for this review using the Boolean search in the PubMed database. Results This review explores existing technologies for identifying transcriptomic biomarkers for MUD diagnosis. We examined non-invasive tissues and scrutinized transcriptomic biomarkers relevant to MUD. Additionally, we investigated transcriptomic biomarkers identified for diagnosing, predicting, and monitoring MUD in non-invasive tissues. Discussion Developing and validating non-invasive MUD biomarkers could address these limitations, foster more precise and reliable diagnostic approaches, and ultimately enhance the quality of care for individuals with MA addiction.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Chul-Ho Jeong
- College of Pharmacy, Keimyung University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
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Lu C, Zhao Q, Deng J, Chen K, Jiang X, Ma F, Ma S, Li Z. Salivary Microbiome Profile of Diabetes and Periodontitis in a Chinese Population. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:933833. [PMID: 35979090 PMCID: PMC9377223 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.933833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim There is a bidirectional association between diabetes and periodontitis. However, the effect of diabetes on the periodontitis salivary microbiota has not been elucidated. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of the presence of diabetes on the microbiota among Chinese patients with periodontitis. Materials and Methods Unstimulated whole saliva samples were collected from the periodontitis with diabetes group (TC), chronic periodontitis group (CP), and periodontally healthy and systemically healthy group (H) by spitting method. Bacterial genomic DNA was PCR-amplified at the V4 variable region of 16S rRNA gene. The library was constructed according to the obtained sequence results, and biological analysis and statistical analysis were carried out. Functional prediction of three groups of microbial communities was performed by the PICRUSt algorithm. Results There was no significant difference in bacterial diversity between the TC and CP groups. Compared with the H group, the TC group and CP group presented a higher diversity of salivary flora. Firmicutes, Streptococcus, Haemophilus, Veillonella, and Haemophilus parainfluenzae dominated the H group. Corynebacterium, Leptotrichia, Dialister, Comamonas, Capnocytophaga, Catonella, Filifactor, Campylobacter, Treponema, Campylobacter concisus, Prevotella oralis, and Porphyromonas gingivalis were significantly enriched in the TC and CP groups. Among them, Treponema and P. oralis were the most abundant in the TC group. The PICRUSt results showed that many pathways related to cell motility and functional metabolism of the salivary microbial flora changed in the TC group and the CP group. Conclusions Diabetes was not the main factor causing the altered diversity of salivary microbiota in patients with periodontitis; however, the presence of diabetes altered the abundance of some microbiota in saliva.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunting Lu
- Science and Education Office, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qingtong Zhao
- Department of Stomatology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Dongguan, China
| | - Jianwen Deng
- School of Stomatology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kexiao Chen
- School of Stomatology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xinrong Jiang
- School of Stomatology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fengyu Ma
- School of Stomatology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shuyuan Ma
- Medical Center of Stomatology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zejian Li
- Medical Center of Stomatology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- Chaoshan Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Chaozhou City, China
- *Correspondence: Zejian Li,
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Role of Salivary Biomarkers in Cystic Fibrosis: A Systematic Review. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 2022:5818840. [PMID: 35097122 PMCID: PMC8791744 DOI: 10.1155/2022/5818840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Revised: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Background Saliva biomarkers could be easily used as a noninvasive alternative tool for diagnosing cystic fibrosis (CF) disease. In this study, the significance of changes in salivary compositions in patients with CF was systematically reviewed. Methods An electronic search was utilized to include studies published in English, with case-control, cohort, or cross-sectional design. The evaluated salivary components were extracted and summarized. The included studies were assessed using the Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology checklist. Results Out of 498 identified studies, nine met the eligibility criteria. Salivary electrolytes showed a substantial alteration in the CF group, especially with chloride and sodium. Total protein concentration was higher in patients with CF. However, SCN– concentration was lower in patients with CF. In addition, a reduction in the salivary flow rate and amylase levels was found in patients with CF. Conclusion Alterations in salivary biomarkers among patients with CF could be used as a promising diagnostic tool for cystic fibrosis.
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Chávez-Alderete J, Gochicoa-Rangel L, Del-Río-Hidalgo R, Guerrero-Zúñiga S, Mora-Romero U, Benítez-Pérez R, Rodríguez-Moreno L, Torre-Bouscoulet L, Vargas MH. Salivary concentrations of cytokines and other analytes in healthy children. Cytokine 2020; 138:155379. [PMID: 33271384 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2020.155379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Revised: 11/01/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Blood has been the usual biological fluid for measuring analytes, but there is mounting evidence that saliva may be also useful for detecting cytokines in a noninvasive way. Thus, in this study we aimed to determine concentration of cytokines and other analytes in saliva from a population of healthy children. METHODS We collected un-stimulated whole saliva samples from clinically healthy children, and concentration of 17 cytokines and 12 other analytes were measured in supernatants. All values were adjusted by albumin content and were log-transformed before multivariate statistical analysis. RESULTS We included 114 children (53.5% females) between 6.0 and 11.9 years old. The highest concentrations (medians, pg/µg albumin) were seen for visfatin (183.70) and adiponectin (162.26) and the lowest for IL-13 and IL-2 (~0.003). Albumin concentration was associated with age (rS = 0.39, p < 0.001). In the multivariate analysis, five analytes (C peptide, ghrelin, GLP-1, glucagon, leptin) inversely correlated with age and positively with height-for-age. Age was also positively associated with PAI-1, while height-for-age was also positively associated with insulin and visfatin. Finally, BMI-for-age had a positive correlation with GM-CSF and insulin. CONCLUSIONS Herein, we provided concentration values for 29 analytes in saliva from healthy children that may be useful as preliminary reference framework in the clinical research setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaime Chávez-Alderete
- Departamento de Investigación en Hiperreactividad Bronquial, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosío Villegas, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Laura Gochicoa-Rangel
- Departamento de Fisiología Respiratoria, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosío Villegas, Mexico City, Mexico; Laboratorio de Función Pulmonar, Instituto de Desarrollo e Innovación en Fisiología Respiratoria, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Rodrigo Del-Río-Hidalgo
- Departamento de Fisiología Respiratoria, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosío Villegas, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Selene Guerrero-Zúñiga
- Departamento de Fisiología Respiratoria, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosío Villegas, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Uri Mora-Romero
- Departamento de Fisiología Respiratoria, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosío Villegas, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Rosaura Benítez-Pérez
- Laboratorio de Función Pulmonar, Instituto de Desarrollo e Innovación en Fisiología Respiratoria, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Luis Rodríguez-Moreno
- Laboratorio de Función Pulmonar, Instituto de Desarrollo e Innovación en Fisiología Respiratoria, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Luis Torre-Bouscoulet
- Laboratorio de Función Pulmonar, Instituto de Desarrollo e Innovación en Fisiología Respiratoria, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Mario H Vargas
- Departamento de Investigación en Hiperreactividad Bronquial, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosío Villegas, Mexico City, Mexico.
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Pereira JAM, Porto-Figueira P, Taware R, Sukul P, Rapole S, Câmara JS. Unravelling the Potential of Salivary Volatile Metabolites in Oral Diseases. A Review. Molecules 2020; 25:E3098. [PMID: 32646009 PMCID: PMC7412334 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25133098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Revised: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Fostered by the advances in the instrumental and analytical fields, in recent years the analysis of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) has emerged as a new frontier in medical diagnostics. VOCs analysis is a non-invasive, rapid and inexpensive strategy with promising potential in clinical diagnostic procedures. Since cellular metabolism is altered by diseases, the resulting metabolic effects on VOCs may serve as biomarkers for any given pathophysiologic condition. Human VOCs are released from biomatrices such as saliva, urine, skin emanations and exhaled breath and are derived from many metabolic pathways. In this review, the potential of VOCs present in saliva will be explored as a monitoring tool for several oral diseases, including gingivitis and periodontal disease, dental caries, and oral cancer. Moreover, the analytical state-of-the-art for salivary volatomics, e.g., the most common extraction techniques along with the current challenges and future perspectives will be addressed unequivocally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge A. M. Pereira
- CQM–Centro de Química da Madeira, Universidade da Madeira, Campus da Penteada, 9020-105 Funchal, Portugal;
| | - Priscilla Porto-Figueira
- CQM–Centro de Química da Madeira, Universidade da Madeira, Campus da Penteada, 9020-105 Funchal, Portugal;
| | - Ravindra Taware
- Proteomics Lab, National Centre for Cell Science (NCCS), Ganeshkhind Road, SPPU Campus, Pune 411007, India; (R.T.); (S.R.)
| | - Pritam Sukul
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Rostock Medical Breath Research Analytics and Technologies (ROMBAT), Rostock University Medical Centre, 18057 Rostock, Germany;
| | - Srikanth Rapole
- Proteomics Lab, National Centre for Cell Science (NCCS), Ganeshkhind Road, SPPU Campus, Pune 411007, India; (R.T.); (S.R.)
| | - José S. Câmara
- CQM–Centro de Química da Madeira, Universidade da Madeira, Campus da Penteada, 9020-105 Funchal, Portugal;
- Faculdade de Ciências Exatas e da Engenharia, Universidade da Madeira, Campus da Penteada, 9020-105 Funchal, Portugal
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Is there thrombin-activatable fibrinolysis inhibitor in saliva? Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2020; 58:e33-e37. [PMID: 32507642 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjoms.2020.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2019] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to identify thrombin-activatable fibrinolysis inhibitor (TAFI) in saliva and to investigate the correlation between TAFI levels in saliva and plasma. Subjects included were healthy adults without diseases or medication that could affect coagulation. Samples of stimulated saliva and blood samples were obtained from 33 subjects. Levels of TAFI in saliva and plasma were analysed. The association between levels of TAFI in saliva and plasma was calculated using linear regression. Low levels of TAFIa/TAFIai were found in most saliva samples but only one sample had levels that were above the lower limit of detection of the assay used. TAFI (proenzyme) was not found in saliva, so no correlations could be calculated. In this study there was no indication that there is TAFI present in secreted saliva. Either TAFIa/TAFIai in saliva were much lower than in plasma and under the detection limit of the assay used, or there was no TAFIa/TAFIai in the saliva tested.
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Kaliamoorthy S, Sathishmuthukumar R, Chidambaram K, Srinivasan P, Nagarajan M, Selvakumar R, Murugaboopathy V. Assessment of Oral Mucosal Integrity Status in Patients with Recurrent Aphthous Stomatitis. J Pharm Bioallied Sci 2019; 11:S274-S277. [PMID: 31198352 PMCID: PMC6555340 DOI: 10.4103/jpbs.jpbs_10_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Recurrent aphthous stomatitis represents one of the most common oral pathoses with multifactorial etiology. Decrease in mucosal barrier resistance is believed to be one of the etiologies in its pathogenesis. This study was conducted to assess the oral mucosal integrity status by evaluating the salivary albumin level in patients with aphthous stomatitis. Materials and Methods: Thirty patients diagnosed with aphthous stomatitis were selected as case group. Equal number of age- and sex-matched healthy individuals formed the control group. Salivary albumin level was estimated during active and quiescent stage of the disease in both case group and control group. Result: Mean salivary albumin level for the case group during the active and quiescent stage was 0.070 g/dL (SD = 0.037) and 0.004 g/dL (SD = 0.007) (SPSS, version 7.0), respectively, and that for the control group was 0.027 g/dL (SD =0.042). Statistically significant difference was found on comparison of the mean salivary albumin level between the case group during active and quiescent stage and the normal controls using Mann–Whitney U test. No statistically significant difference in salivary albumin level was seen between the quiescent stage in case group and the normal controls. Conclusion: Increase in salivary albumin level at the time of disease presentation could be attributed to the leakage of albumin through the ulcerated mucosa. Absence of significant elevation in the salivary albumin level after the resolution of the aphthous ulcer apparently indicates inherently a healthy mucosal barrier in majority of the patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sriram Kaliamoorthy
- Department of Dentistry, Vinayaka Mission's Medical College, Vinayaka Mission's Research Foundation (Deemed To Be University), Karaikal, Puducherry, India
| | - Ramalingam Sathishmuthukumar
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Chettinad Dental College and Research Institute, Tamil Nadu Dr. MGR Medical University, Kelambakkam, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Keerthanasri Chidambaram
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Vinayaka Mission's Sankarachariyar Dental College, Vinayaka Mission's Research Foundation (Deemed To Be University), Salem, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Paranthaman Srinivasan
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Raja Muthiah Dental College and Hospital, Annamalai University,Chidambaram, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Mahendirakumar Nagarajan
- Department of Prosthodontics, Raja Muthiah Dental College and Hospital, Annamalai University,Chidambaram, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Rajkumar Selvakumar
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Raja Muthiah Dental College and Hospital, Annamalai University,Chidambaram, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Vikneshan Murugaboopathy
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, Indira Gandhi Institute of Dental Sciences, Sree Balaji Vidyapeeth (Deemed To Be University), Pillayarkuppam, Puducherry, India
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Milanowski M, Pomastowski P, Ligor T, Buszewski B. Saliva – Volatile Biomarkers and Profiles. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2017; 47:251-266. [DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2016.1266925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maciej Milanowski
- Department of Environmental Chemistry and Bioanalytics, Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Toruń, Poland
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Modern Technologies, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Toruń, Poland
| | - Paweł Pomastowski
- Department of Environmental Chemistry and Bioanalytics, Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Toruń, Poland
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Modern Technologies, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Toruń, Poland
| | - Tomasz Ligor
- Department of Environmental Chemistry and Bioanalytics, Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Toruń, Poland
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Modern Technologies, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Toruń, Poland
| | - Bogusław Buszewski
- Department of Environmental Chemistry and Bioanalytics, Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Toruń, Poland
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Modern Technologies, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Toruń, Poland
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Zhang P, Fan Y, Li Q, Chen J, Zhou W, Luo Y, Zhang J, Su L, Xue X, Zhou X, Feng Y. Macrophage activating factor: A potential biomarker of periodontal health status. Arch Oral Biol 2016; 70:94-99. [DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2016.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2015] [Revised: 06/08/2016] [Accepted: 06/08/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Khaitan T, Kabiraj A, Bhattacharya PT, Ginjupally U, Jha H. Diagnostic efficacy of saliva in oral and systemic health. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF STOMATOLOGY & OCCLUSION MEDICINE 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s12548-015-0133-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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da Silva Modesto KB, de Godói Simões JB, de Souza AF, Damaceno N, Duarte DA, Leite MF, de Almeida ER. Salivary flow rate and biochemical composition analysis in stimulated whole saliva of children with cystic fibrosis. Arch Oral Biol 2015; 60:1650-4. [PMID: 26351748 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2015.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2015] [Revised: 08/03/2015] [Accepted: 08/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE It is recognized that cystic fibrosis (CF) patients present a risk for oral diseases, since it affects exocrine glands, and the treatment consists of a carbohydrate-rich diet. Recognizing the protective function of saliva on maintaining oral health, the aim of the study was to evaluate salivary parameters in stimulated whole saliva from children with CF. METHODS A case-control study was conducted comparing stimulated whole saliva of healthy (n=28; control group) and CF children (n=21; experimental group). Salivary flow rate, initial pH, buffer capacity (total and in each range of pH), total protein and sialic acid (total, free, and conjugated) concentration, α-amylase and salivary peroxidase activities were evaluated. Data were compared by two-tailed Student t test (95% CI; p ≤ 0.05). RESULTS CF patients presented a significant reduction in salivary parameters compared with the control group (p ≤ 0.05): salivary flow rate (36%), buffer capacity (pH range from 6.9 to 6.0), sialic acid concentration (total 75%, free 61%, and conjugated 83%); α-amylase and salivary peroxidase activities (55%). Additionally, a significant increase in total protein concentration (180%) of stimulated whole saliva from CF patients was verified compared with the control group (p ≤ 0.05). CONCLUSION Children with CF presented significant changes in salivary composition, including salivary flow rate, buffering capacity and protective proteins of the oral cavity, compared with children without CF.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Amanda Ferreira de Souza
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry at the University Cruzeiro do Sul, São Paulo, SP 08060-070, Brazil
| | - Neiva Damaceno
- Department of Pediatrics/Pulmonology, School of Medical Sciences of Santa Casa de São Paulo, SP 01221-020, Brazil
| | - Danilo Antonio Duarte
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry at the University Cruzeiro do Sul, São Paulo, SP 08060-070, Brazil
| | - Mariana Ferreira Leite
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry at the University Cruzeiro do Sul, São Paulo, SP 08060-070, Brazil.
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Abstract
The role of nitric oxide (NO) in the initiation, promotion and progression of cancer has been the subject of speculation and conflicting reports in the literature. The high incidence of oral cancer and precancer has been linked to tobacco chewing and smoking habits; NO is considered an indicator of tobacco-related diseases. We compared salivary NO levels in oral precancer and normal patients. Unstimulated whole saliva was collected from 15 patients with oral precancer (group 1) and 15 healthy age and sex matched subjects (group 2). Salivary nitrite levels were estimated using a colorimetric method and a spectrophotometer. The salivary nitrite concentration of group 2 (median = 4.21 μg/ml) was significantly less than for group 1 (median = 12.91 μg/ml). We have added evidence concerning involvement of NO in the pathogenesis of oral cancer, but whether it is a potentially carcinogenic agent at the concentration at which it is present in oral precancer patients requires further evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Metgud
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Pacific Dental College and Hospital, Paher University , Udaipur
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Bragazzi NL, Pechkova E, Nicolini C. Proteomics and Proteogenomics Approaches for Oral Diseases. ADVANCES IN PROTEIN CHEMISTRY AND STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY 2014; 95:125-62. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-800453-1.00004-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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