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Wlodawer A, Dauter Z, Lubkowski J, Loch JI, Brzezinski D, Gilski M, Jaskolski M. Towards a dependable data set of structures for L-asparaginase research. Acta Crystallogr D Struct Biol 2024; 80:506-527. [PMID: 38935343 PMCID: PMC11220836 DOI: 10.1107/s2059798324005461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The Protein Data Bank (PDB) includes a carefully curated treasury of experimentally derived structural data on biological macromolecules and their various complexes. Such information is fundamental for a multitude of projects that involve large-scale data mining and/or detailed evaluation of individual structures of importance to chemistry, biology and, most of all, to medicine, where it provides the foundation for structure-based drug discovery. However, despite extensive validation mechanisms, it is almost inevitable that among the ∼215 000 entries there will occasionally be suboptimal or incorrect structure models. It is thus vital to apply careful verification procedures to those segments of the PDB that are of direct medicinal interest. Here, such an analysis was carried out for crystallographic models of L-asparaginases, enzymes that include approved drugs for the treatment of certain types of leukemia. The focus was on the adherence of the atomic coordinates to the rules of stereochemistry and their agreement with the experimental electron-density maps. Whereas the current clinical application of L-asparaginases is limited to two bacterial proteins and their chemical modifications, the field of investigations of such enzymes has expanded tremendously in recent years with the discovery of three entirely different structural classes and with numerous reports, not always quite reliable, of the anticancer properties of L-asparaginases of different origins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Wlodawer
- Center for Structural Biology, Center for Cancer ResearchNational Cancer InstituteMarylandUSA
| | - Zbigniew Dauter
- Center for Structural Biology, Center for Cancer ResearchNational Cancer InstituteMarylandUSA
| | - Jacek Lubkowski
- Center for Structural Biology, Center for Cancer ResearchNational Cancer InstituteMarylandUSA
| | - Joanna I. Loch
- Department of Crystal Chemistry and Crystal Physics, Faculty of ChemistryJagiellonian UniversityCracowPoland
| | - Dariusz Brzezinski
- Institute of Computing SciencePoznan University of TechnologyPoznanPoland
| | - Miroslaw Gilski
- Institute of Bioorganic ChemistryPolish Academy of SciencesPoznanPoland
- Department of Crystallography, Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznan, Poland
| | - Mariusz Jaskolski
- Institute of Bioorganic ChemistryPolish Academy of SciencesPoznanPoland
- Department of Crystallography, Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznan, Poland
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2
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Wolkersdorfer A, Bergmann B, Adelmann J, Ebbinghaus M, Günther E, Gutmann M, Hahn L, Hurwitz R, Krähmer R, Leenders F, Lühmann T, Schueler J, Schmidt L, Teifel M, Meinel L, Rudel T. PEGylated Recombinant Aplysia punctata Ink Toxin Depletes Arginine and Lysine and Inhibits the Growth of Tumor Xenografts. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2024; 10:3825-3832. [PMID: 38722049 PMCID: PMC11168412 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.4c00473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Revised: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
In recent years, a novel treatment method for cancer has emerged, which is based on the starvation of tumors of amino acids like arginine. The deprivation of arginine in serum is based on enzymatic degradation and can be realized by arginine deaminases like the l-amino acid oxidase found in the ink toxin of the sea hare Aplysia punctata. Previously isolated from the ink, the l-amino acid oxidase was described to oxidate the essential amino acids l-lysine and l-arginine to their corresponding deaminated alpha-keto acids. Here, we present the recombinant production and functionalization of the amino acid oxidase Aplysia punctata ink toxin (APIT). PEGylated APIT (APIT-PEG) increased the blood circulation time. APIT-PEG treatment of patient-derived xenografted mice shows a significant dose-dependent reduction of tumor growth over time mediated by amino acid starvation of the tumor. Treatment of mice with APIT-PEG, which led to deprivation of arginine, was well tolerated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alena
M. Wolkersdorfer
- Institute
of Pharmacy and Food Chemistry, University
of Würzburg, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Birgit Bergmann
- Chair
of Microbiology, Biocentre, University of
Würzburg, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Juliane Adelmann
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry, University of Würzburg, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Matthias Ebbinghaus
- Charles
River Laboratories Germany GmbH, Am Flughafen 12−14, 79108 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Eckhard Günther
- Aeterna
Zentaris GmbH, Weismuellerstr. 50, 60314 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Marcus Gutmann
- Institute
of Pharmacy and Food Chemistry, University
of Würzburg, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Lukas Hahn
- Institute
of Pharmacy and Food Chemistry, University
of Würzburg, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Robert Hurwitz
- Max-Planck-Institute
for Infection Biology, Virchowweg 12, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Ralf Krähmer
- Celares
GmbH, Otto-Warburg-Haus, 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Tessa Lühmann
- Institute
of Pharmacy and Food Chemistry, University
of Würzburg, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Julia Schueler
- Charles
River Laboratories Germany GmbH, Am Flughafen 12−14, 79108 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Luisa Schmidt
- Institute
of Pharmacy and Food Chemistry, University
of Würzburg, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Michael Teifel
- Aeterna
Zentaris GmbH, Weismuellerstr. 50, 60314 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Lorenz Meinel
- Institute
of Pharmacy and Food Chemistry, University
of Würzburg, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
- Helmholtz-Institute
for RNA-based Infection Research (HIRI), Josef-Schneider-Straße 2, 97080 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Rudel
- Chair
of Microbiology, Biocentre, University of
Würzburg, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
- Helmholtz-Institute
for RNA-based Infection Research (HIRI), Josef-Schneider-Straße 2, 97080 Würzburg, Germany
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3
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Sengupta S, Biswas M, Gandhi KA, Gupta SK, Gera PB, Gota V, Sonawane A. Preclinical evaluation of engineered L-asparaginase variants to improve the treatment of Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia. Transl Oncol 2024; 43:101909. [PMID: 38412663 PMCID: PMC10907863 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2024.101909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 01/13/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Escherichia coli l-asparaginase (EcA), an integral part of multi-agent chemotherapy protocols of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), is constrained by safety concerns and the development of anti-asparaginase antibodies. Novel variants with better pharmacological properties are desirable. METHODS Thousands of novel EcA variants were constructed using protein engineering approach. After preliminary screening, two mutants, KHY-17 and KHYW-17 were selected for further development. The variants were characterized for asparaginase activity, glutaminase activity, cytotoxicity and antigenicity in vitro. Immunogenicity, pharmacokinetics, safety and efficacy were tested in vivo. Binding of the variants to pre-existing antibodies in primary and relapsed ALL patients' samples was evaluated. RESULTS Both variants showed similar asparaginase activity but approximately 24-fold reduced glutaminase activity compared to wild-type EcA (WT). Cytotoxicity against Reh cells was significantly higher with the mutants, although not toxic to human PBMCs than WT. The mutants showed approximately 3-fold lower IgG and IgM production compared to WT. Pharmacokinetic study in BALB/c mice showed longer half-life of the mutants (KHY-17- 267.28±9.74; KHYW-17- 167.41±14.4) compared to WT (103.24±18). Single and repeat-doses showed no toxicity up to 2000 IU/kg and 1600 IU/kg respectively. Efficacy in ALL xenograft mouse model showed 80-90 % reduction of leukemic cells with mutants compared to 40 % with WT. Consequently, survival was 90 % in each mutant group compared to 10 % with WT. KHYW-17 showed over 2-fold lower binding to pre-existing anti-asparaginase antibodies from ALL patients treated with l-asparaginase. CONCLUSION EcA variants demonstrated better pharmacological properties compared to WT that makes them good candidates for further development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soumika Sengupta
- School of Biotechnology, Campus-11, KIIT Deemed to be University, Bhubaneswar, 751024, Odisha, India
| | - Mainak Biswas
- School of Biotechnology, Campus-11, KIIT Deemed to be University, Bhubaneswar, 751024, Odisha, India
| | - Khushboo A Gandhi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, ACTREC, Tata Memorial Centre, Khargarh, Navi Mumbai, 410210, India; Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai, 400094, India
| | - Saurabh Kumar Gupta
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, ACTREC, Tata Memorial Centre, Khargarh, Navi Mumbai, 410210, India; Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai, 400094, India
| | - Poonam B Gera
- Department of Pathology, ACTREC, Tata Memorial Centre, Khargarh, Navi Mumbai, 410210, India; Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai, 400094, India
| | - Vikram Gota
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, ACTREC, Tata Memorial Centre, Khargarh, Navi Mumbai, 410210, India; Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai, 400094, India.
| | - Avinash Sonawane
- School of Biotechnology, Campus-11, KIIT Deemed to be University, Bhubaneswar, 751024, Odisha, India; Department of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Indore (IIT Indore), Khandwa Road, Simrol, Madhya Pradesh, 453552, India.
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Wang X, Cornish AE, Do MH, Brunner JS, Hsu TW, Xu Z, Malik I, Edwards C, Capistrano KJ, Zhang X, Ginsberg MH, Finley LWS, Lim MS, Horwitz SM, Li MO. Onco-Circuit Addiction and Onco-Nutrient mTORC1 Signaling Vulnerability in a Model of Aggressive T Cell Malignancy. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.04.03.587917. [PMID: 38617314 PMCID: PMC11014592 DOI: 10.1101/2024.04.03.587917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
How genetic lesions drive cell transformation and whether they can be circumvented without compromising function of non-transformed cells are enduring questions in oncology. Here we show that in mature T cells-in which physiologic clonal proliferation is a cardinal feature- constitutive MYC transcription and Tsc1 loss in mice modeled aggressive human malignancy by reinforcing each other's oncogenic programs. This cooperation was supported by MYC-induced large neutral amino acid transporter chaperone SLC3A2 and dietary leucine, which in synergy with Tsc1 deletion overstimulated mTORC1 to promote mitochondrial fitness and MYC protein overexpression in a positive feedback circuit. A low leucine diet was therapeutic even in late-stage disease but did not hinder T cell immunity to infectious challenge, nor impede T cell transformation driven by constitutive nutrient mTORC1 signaling via Depdc5 loss. Thus, mTORC1 signaling hypersensitivity to leucine as an onco-nutrient enables an onco-circuit, decoupling pathologic from physiologic utilization of nutrient acquisition pathways.
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5
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Zhang D, Czapinska H, Bochtler M, Wlodawer A, Lubkowski J. RrA, an enzyme from Rhodospirillum rubrum, is a prototype of a new family of short-chain L-asparaginases. Protein Sci 2024; 33:e4920. [PMID: 38501449 PMCID: PMC10949315 DOI: 10.1002/pro.4920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
L-Asparaginases (ASNases) catalyze the hydrolysis of L-Asn to L-Asp and ammonia. Members of the ASNase family are used as drugs in the treatment of leukemia, as well as in the food industry. The protomers of bacterial ASNases typically contain 300-400 amino acids (typical class 1 ASNases). In contrast, the chain of ASNase from Rhodospirillum rubrum, reported here and referred to as RrA, consists of only 172 amino acid residues. RrA is homologous to the N-terminal domain of typical bacterial class 1 ASNases and exhibits millimolar affinity for L-Asn. In this study, we demonstrate that RrA belongs to a unique family of cytoplasmic, short-chain ASNases (scASNases). These proteins occupy a distinct region in the sequence space, separate from the regions typically assigned to class 1 ASNases. The scASNases are present in approximately 7% of eubacterial species, spanning diverse bacterial lineages. They seem to be significantly enriched in species that encode for more than one class 1 ASNase. Here, we report biochemical, biophysical, and structural properties of RrA, a member of scASNases family. Crystal structures of the wild-type RrA, both with and without bound L-Asp, as well as structures of several RrA mutants, reveal topologically unique tetramers. Moreover, the active site of one protomer is complemented by two residues (Tyr21 and Asn26) from another protomer. Upon closer inspection, these findings clearly outline scASNases as a stand-alone subfamily of ASNases that can catalyze the hydrolysis of L-Asn to L-Asp despite the lack of the C-terminal domain that is present in all ASNases described structurally to date.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Zhang
- Center for Structural BiologyNational Cancer InstituteFrederickMarylandUSA
| | - Honorata Czapinska
- Laboratory of Structural BiologyInternational Institute of Molecular and Cell BiologyWarsawPoland
- Institute of Biochemistry and BiophysicsPolish Academy of SciencesWarsawPoland
| | - Matthias Bochtler
- Laboratory of Structural BiologyInternational Institute of Molecular and Cell BiologyWarsawPoland
- Institute of Biochemistry and BiophysicsPolish Academy of SciencesWarsawPoland
| | - Alexander Wlodawer
- Center for Structural BiologyNational Cancer InstituteFrederickMarylandUSA
| | - Jacek Lubkowski
- Center for Structural BiologyNational Cancer InstituteFrederickMarylandUSA
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6
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Pedram K, Shon DJ, Tender GS, Mantuano NR, Northey JJ, Metcalf KJ, Wisnovsky SP, Riley NM, Forcina GC, Malaker SA, Kuo A, George BM, Miller CL, Casey KM, Vilches-Moure JG, Ferracane MJ, Weaver VM, Läubli H, Bertozzi CR. Design of a mucin-selective protease for targeted degradation of cancer-associated mucins. Nat Biotechnol 2024; 42:597-607. [PMID: 37537499 PMCID: PMC11018308 DOI: 10.1038/s41587-023-01840-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
Targeted protein degradation is an emerging strategy for the elimination of classically undruggable proteins. Here, to expand the landscape of targetable substrates, we designed degraders that achieve substrate selectivity via recognition of a discrete peptide and glycan motif and achieve cell-type selectivity via antigen-driven cell-surface binding. We applied this approach to mucins, O-glycosylated proteins that drive cancer progression through biophysical and immunological mechanisms. Engineering of a bacterial mucin-selective protease yielded a variant for fusion to a cancer antigen-binding nanobody. The resulting conjugate selectively degraded mucins on cancer cells, promoted cell death in culture models of mucin-driven growth and survival, and reduced tumor growth in mouse models of breast cancer progression. This work establishes a blueprint for the development of biologics that degrade specific protein glycoforms on target cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kayvon Pedram
- Department of Chemistry and Sarafan ChEM-H, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, VA, USA
| | - D Judy Shon
- Department of Chemistry and Sarafan ChEM-H, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Gabrielle S Tender
- Department of Chemistry and Sarafan ChEM-H, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Natalia R Mantuano
- Cancer Immunotherapy Laboratory, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Division of Oncology, Department of Theragnostics, University Hospital, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jason J Northey
- Center for Bioengineering and Tissue Regeneration, Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Kevin J Metcalf
- Center for Bioengineering and Tissue Regeneration, Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Simon P Wisnovsky
- Department of Chemistry and Sarafan ChEM-H, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Nicholas M Riley
- Department of Chemistry and Sarafan ChEM-H, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Giovanni C Forcina
- Department of Chemistry and Sarafan ChEM-H, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Stacy A Malaker
- Department of Chemistry and Sarafan ChEM-H, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Angel Kuo
- Department of Chemistry and Sarafan ChEM-H, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Benson M George
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Ludwig Center for Cancer Stem Cell Research and Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Caitlyn L Miller
- Department of Chemistry and Sarafan ChEM-H, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Kerriann M Casey
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | | | | | - Valerie M Weaver
- Center for Bioengineering and Tissue Regeneration, Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, CA, USA
- Departments of Radiation Oncology and Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, and Helen Diller Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Heinz Läubli
- Cancer Immunotherapy Laboratory, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Division of Oncology, Department of Theragnostics, University Hospital, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Carolyn R Bertozzi
- Department of Chemistry and Sarafan ChEM-H, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford, CA, USA.
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7
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Naqvi SMA, Islam SN, Kumar A, Patil CR, Kumar A, Ahmad A. Enhanced anti-cancer potency of sustainably synthesized anisotropic silver nanoparticles as compared with L-asparaginase. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 263:130238. [PMID: 38367787 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.130238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 02/19/2024]
Abstract
Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), a hematologic cancer that involves the production of abnormal lymphoid precursor cells, primarily affects children aged 2 to 10 years. The bacterial enzyme L-asparaginase produced from Escherichia coli is utilised as first-line therapy, despite the fact that 30 % of patients have a treatment-limiting hypersensitivity reaction. The current study elucidates the biosynthesis of extremely stable, water-dispersible, anisotropic silver nanoparticles (ANI Ag NPs) at room temperature and investigation of its anti-tumor potency in comparison to L-asparaginase. The optical, morphological, compositional, and structural properties of synthesized nanoparticles were evaluated using UV-Vis-NIR spectroscopy, Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy, and X-ray Diffractometer. The UV-Vis-NIR spectra revealed the typical Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR) at 423 nm along with additional NIR absorption at 962 nm and 1153 nm, while TEM images show different shapes and sizes of Ag nanoparticles ranging from 6.81 nm to 46 nm, together confirming their anisotropic nature. Further, the MTT assay demonstrated promising anticancer effects of ANI Ag NPs with an IC50 value of ∼7 μg/mL against HuT-78 cells. These sustainable anisotropic silver nanoparticles exhibited approximately four times better cytotoxic ability (at and above 10 μg/mL concentrations) than L-asparaginase against HuT-78 cells (a human T lymphoma cell line). Apoptosis analysis by Wright-Geimsa, Annexin-V, and DAPI staining indicated the role of apoptosis in ANI Ag NPs-mediated cell death. The measurement of NO, and Bcl2 and cleaved caspase-3 levels by colorimetric method and immunoblotting, respectively suggested their involvement in ANI Ag NPs-elicited apoptosis. The findings indicate that the biogenic approach proposed herein holds tremendous promise for the rapid and straightforward design of novel multifunctional nanoparticles for the treatment of T cell malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syed Mohd Adnan Naqvi
- Interdisciplinary Nanotechnology Centre (INC), Z. H. College of Engineering and Technology, Aligarh Muslim University, AMU, Aligarh UP-202002, India
| | - Sk Najrul Islam
- Interdisciplinary Nanotechnology Centre (INC), Z. H. College of Engineering and Technology, Aligarh Muslim University, AMU, Aligarh UP-202002, India
| | - Abhishek Kumar
- Tumor Biomarkers and Therapeutic Lab, Department of Zoology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi UP-221005, India
| | | | - Ajay Kumar
- Tumor Biomarkers and Therapeutic Lab, Department of Zoology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi UP-221005, India.
| | - Absar Ahmad
- Interdisciplinary Nanotechnology Centre (INC), Z. H. College of Engineering and Technology, Aligarh Muslim University, AMU, Aligarh UP-202002, India.
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Zlotnikov ID, Ezhov AA, Dobryakova NV, Kudryashova EV. Disulfide Cross-Linked Polymeric Redox-Responsive Nanocarrier Based on Heparin, Chitosan and Lipoic Acid Improved Drug Accumulation, Increased Cytotoxicity and Selectivity to Leukemia Cells by Tumor Targeting via "Aikido" Principle. Gels 2024; 10:157. [PMID: 38534575 DOI: 10.3390/gels10030157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Revised: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 02/17/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
We have developed a micellar formulation of anticancer drugs based on chitosan and heparin grafted with lipoic and oleic acids that can release the cytotoxic cargo (doxorubicin) in response to external stimuli, such as increased glutathione concentration-a hallmark of cancer. Natural polysaccharides (heparin and chitosan) provide the pH sensitivity of the nanocarrier: the release of doxorubicin (Dox) is enhanced in a slightly acidic environment (tumor microenvironment). Fatty acid residues are necessary for the formation of nanoparticles (micelles) and solubilization of cytostatics in a hydrophobic core. Lipoic acid residues provide the formation of a labile S-S cross-linking between polymer chains (the first variant) or covalently attached doxorubicin molecules through glutathione-sensitive S-S bridges (the second variant)-both determine Redox sensitivity of the anticancer drugs carriers stable in blood circulation and disintegrate after intracellular uptake in the tumor cells. The release of doxorubicin from micelles occurs slowly (20%/6 h) in an environment with a pH of 7.4 and the absence of glutathione, while in a slightly acidic environment and in the presence of 10 mM glutathione, the rate increases up to 6 times, with an increase in the effective concentration up to 5 times after 7 h. The permeability of doxorubicin in micellar formulations (covalent S-S cross-linked and not) into Raji, K562, and A875 cancer cells was studied using FTIR, fluorescence spectroscopy and confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). We have shown dramatically improved accumulation, decreased efflux, and increased cytotoxicity compared to doxorubicin control with three tumor cell lines: Raji, K562, and A875. At the same time, cytotoxicity and permeability for non-tumor cells (HEK293T) are significantly lower, increasing the selectivity index against tumor cells by several times.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor D Zlotnikov
- Faculty of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory, 1/3, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexander A Ezhov
- Faculty of Physics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory, 1/2, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Natalia V Dobryakova
- Faculty of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory, 1/3, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Elena V Kudryashova
- Faculty of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory, 1/3, 119991 Moscow, Russia
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9
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Darnal S, Raj R, Chhimwal J, Thakur S, Padwad YS, Singh D. Apoptosis and cell cycle arrest of leukemic cells by a robust and stable L-asparaginase from Pseudomonas sp. PCH199. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 258:128739. [PMID: 38096943 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.128739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Biomolecules obtained from microorganisms living in extreme environments possess properties that have pharmacokinetic advantages. Enzyme assay revealed recombinant L-ASNase, an extremozyme from Pseudomonas sp. PCH199 is to be highly stable with 90 % activity (200 h) at 37 °C. The stability of the enzyme in human serum (50 % activity maintained in 63 h) reveals high therapeutic potential with less dosage. The enzyme exhibited cytotoxicity to K562 blood cancer cell lines with IC50 of 0.37 U/mL without affecting the IEC-6 normal epithelial cell line. Due to the depletion of L-asparagine, K562 cells experience nutritional stress that results in the abruption of metabolic processes and eventually leads to apoptosis. Comparative studies on MCF-7 cells also revealed the same fate. Due to nutritional stress induced by L-ASNase treatment, mitochondrial membrane potential was lost, and reactive oxygen species were increased to 48 % (K562) and 21 % (MCF-7) as indicated by flow cytometric analysis. DAPI staining with prominent nuclear morphological changes visualized under the fluorescent microscope confirmed apoptosis in both cancer cells. Treatment increases pro-apoptotic Bax protein, and eventually, the cell cycle is arrested at the G2/M phase in both cell lines. Therefore, the current study paves the way for PCH199 L-ASNase to be considered a potential chemotherapeutic agent for treating acute lymphoblastic leukemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanyukta Darnal
- Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh 176 061, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201 002, India
| | - Ravi Raj
- Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh 176 061, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201 002, India
| | - Jyoti Chhimwal
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201 002, India; Dietetics & Nutrition Technology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh 176 061, India
| | - Shubham Thakur
- Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh 176 061, India
| | - Yogendra S Padwad
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201 002, India; Dietetics & Nutrition Technology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh 176 061, India.
| | - Dharam Singh
- Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh 176 061, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201 002, India.
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10
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Patial V, Kumar S, Joshi R, Singh D. Biochemical characterization of glutaminase-free L-asparaginases from Himalayan Pseudomonas and Rahnella spp. for acrylamide mitigation. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 257:128576. [PMID: 38048933 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.128576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/06/2023]
Abstract
L-asparaginase having low glutaminase activity is important in clinical and food applications. Herein, glutaminase-free L-asparaginase (type I) coding genes from Pseudomonas sp. PCH182 (Ps-ASNase I) and Rahnella sp. PCH162 (Rs-ASNase I) was amplified using gene-specific primers, cloned into a pET-47b(+) vector, and plasmids were transformed into Escherichia coli (E. coli). Further, affinity chromatography purified recombinant proteins to homogeneity with monomer sizes of ~37.0 kDa. Purified Ps-ASNase I and Rs-ASNase I were active at wide pHs and temperatures with optimum activity at 50 °C (492 ± 5 U/mg) and 37 °C (308 ± 4 U/mg), respectively. Kinetic constant Km and Vmax for L-asparagine (Asn) were 2.7 ± 0.06 mM and 526.31 ± 4.0 U/mg for Ps-ASNase I, and 4.43 ± 1.06 mM and 434.78 ± 4.0 U/mg for Rs-ASNase I. Circular dichroism study revealed 29.3 % and 24.12 % α-helix structures in Ps-ASNase I and Rs-ASNase I, respectively. Upon their evaluation to mitigate acrylamide formation, 43 % and 34 % acrylamide (AA) reduction were achieved after pre-treatment of raw potato slices, consistent with 65 % and 59 % Asn reduction for Ps-ASNase I and Rs-ASNase I, respectively. Current findings suggested the potential of less explored intracellular L-asparaginase in AA mitigation for food safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijeta Patial
- Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur 176 061, Himachal Pradesh, India; Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201 002, India
| | - Subhash Kumar
- Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur 176 061, Himachal Pradesh, India; Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201 002, India
| | - Robin Joshi
- Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur 176 061, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Dharam Singh
- Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur 176 061, Himachal Pradesh, India; Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201 002, India.
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11
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Wahab MRA, Palaniyandi T, Wyson J, Sivaji A, Thamada S. Extracellular L-Asparaginase Synthesis Bacillus niacin Isolation, Optimization, and Characterization from Marine Saltern Sediment Sources. Avicenna J Med Biotechnol 2024; 16:40-48. [PMID: 38605737 PMCID: PMC11005392 DOI: 10.18502/ajmb.v16i1.14170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/19/2023] [Indexed: 04/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Asparagine is an amino acid that can be converted into aspartic acid and ammonia by the enzyme L-asparaginase. Some forms of cancer, such Acute Lymphoblastic Leukaemia (ALL) and Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma (NHL), respond well to this enzyme when employed as a chemotherapeutic drug. The purpose of this research was to find bacteria that can manufacture the enzymes L-asparaginasein marine slattern sediment which can be employed in commercial and industrial scale production. Methods All of the strains were identified as Bacillus niacini spp. by biochemical and molecular testing. The strain belongs to the Bacillus genus, according to nutritional, biochemical, PCR and 16srRNA sequencing data. Results According to the findings of this research, Bacillus niacin spp. have the potential to create a substance that is helpful in a variety of medical applications. The results of this study hint to the possibility that bacteria have the ability to produce antimicrobial compounds, which have the potential to be successful in a wide variety of environments. Conclusion Numerous opportunities may arise for researchers interested in utilizing the medical potential of enzyme-producing bacteria if they are successfully isolated and screened from aquatic and terrestrial habitats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mugip Rahaman Abdul Wahab
- Department of Biotechnology, Dr. M.G.R Educational and Research Institute, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Thirunavukkarasu Palaniyandi
- Department of Biotechnology, Dr. M.G.R Educational and Research Institute, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
- Department of Anatomy, Biomedical Research Unit and Laboratory Animal Centre, Saveetha Dental College and Hospital, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Science, Saveetha University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - John Wyson
- Department of Food Processing Technology, AMET University, Kanathur, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Asha Sivaji
- Department of Biochemistry, DKM College for Women, Vellore-632001, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Swarnakala Thamada
- Molecular Systematics Laboratory, Zoological Survey of India, Andaman & Nicobar Regional Centre, Port Blair-744 102, Andaman and Nicobar Islands
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12
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Recouvreux MV, Grenier SF, Zhang Y, Esparza E, Lambies G, Galapate CM, Maganti S, Duong-Polk K, Bhullar D, Naeem R, Scott DA, Lowy AM, Tiriac H, Commisso C. Glutamine mimicry suppresses tumor progression through asparagine metabolism in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. NATURE CANCER 2024; 5:100-113. [PMID: 37814011 PMCID: PMC10956382 DOI: 10.1038/s43018-023-00649-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023]
Abstract
In pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), glutamine is a critical nutrient that drives a wide array of metabolic and biosynthetic processes that support tumor growth. Here, we elucidate how 6-diazo-5-oxo-L-norleucine (DON), a glutamine antagonist that broadly inhibits glutamine metabolism, blocks PDAC tumor growth and metastasis. We find that DON significantly reduces asparagine production by inhibiting asparagine synthetase (ASNS), and that the effects of DON are rescued by asparagine. As a metabolic adaptation, PDAC cells upregulate ASNS expression in response to DON, and we show that ASNS levels are inversely correlated with DON efficacy. We also show that L-asparaginase (ASNase) synergizes with DON to affect the viability of PDAC cells, and that DON and ASNase combination therapy has a significant impact on metastasis. These results shed light on the mechanisms that drive the effects of glutamine mimicry and point to the utility of cotargeting adaptive responses to control PDAC progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Victoria Recouvreux
- Cancer Metabolism and Microenvironment Program, NCI-Designated Cancer Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Shea F Grenier
- Cancer Metabolism and Microenvironment Program, NCI-Designated Cancer Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Yijuan Zhang
- Cancer Metabolism and Microenvironment Program, NCI-Designated Cancer Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Edgar Esparza
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Division of Surgical Sciences, Department of Surgery, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Guillem Lambies
- Cancer Metabolism and Microenvironment Program, NCI-Designated Cancer Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Cheska Marie Galapate
- Cancer Metabolism and Microenvironment Program, NCI-Designated Cancer Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Swetha Maganti
- Cancer Metabolism and Microenvironment Program, NCI-Designated Cancer Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Karen Duong-Polk
- Cancer Metabolism and Microenvironment Program, NCI-Designated Cancer Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Deepika Bhullar
- Cancer Metabolism and Microenvironment Program, NCI-Designated Cancer Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Razia Naeem
- Cancer Metabolism and Microenvironment Program, NCI-Designated Cancer Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - David A Scott
- Cancer Metabolism Core Resource, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Andrew M Lowy
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Hervé Tiriac
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Division of Surgical Sciences, Department of Surgery, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Cosimo Commisso
- Cancer Metabolism and Microenvironment Program, NCI-Designated Cancer Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA.
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13
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Miranda J, Lefin N, Beltran JF, Belén LH, Tsipa A, Farias JG, Zamorano M. Enzyme Engineering Strategies for the Bioenhancement of L-Asparaginase Used as a Biopharmaceutical. BioDrugs 2023; 37:793-811. [PMID: 37698749 DOI: 10.1007/s40259-023-00622-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023]
Abstract
Over the past few years, there has been a surge in the industrial production of recombinant enzymes from microorganisms due to their catalytic characteristics being highly efficient, selective, and biocompatible. L-asparaginase (L-ASNase) is an enzyme belonging to the class of amidohydrolases that catalyzes the hydrolysis of L-asparagine into L-aspartic acid and ammonia. It has been widely investigated as a biologic agent for its antineoplastic properties in treating acute lymphoblastic leukemia. The demand for L-ASNase is mainly met by the production of recombinant type II L-ASNase from Escherichia coli and Erwinia chrysanthemi. However, the presence of immunogenic proteins in L-ASNase sourced from prokaryotes has been known to result in adverse reactions in patients undergoing treatment. As a result, efforts are being made to explore strategies that can help mitigate the immunogenicity of the drug. This review gives an overview of recent biotechnological breakthroughs in enzyme engineering techniques and technologies used to improve anti-leukemic L-ASNase, taking into account the pharmacological importance of L-ASNase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javiera Miranda
- Chemical Engineering Department, Universidad de la Frontera, Francisco Salazar 1145, 4811230, Temuco, Región de la Araucanía, Chile
| | - Nicolás Lefin
- Chemical Engineering Department, Universidad de la Frontera, Francisco Salazar 1145, 4811230, Temuco, Región de la Araucanía, Chile
| | - Jorge F Beltran
- Chemical Engineering Department, Universidad de la Frontera, Francisco Salazar 1145, 4811230, Temuco, Región de la Araucanía, Chile
| | - Lisandra Herrera Belén
- Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Santo Tomas, Santiago, Chile
| | - Argyro Tsipa
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Jorge G Farias
- Chemical Engineering Department, Universidad de la Frontera, Francisco Salazar 1145, 4811230, Temuco, Región de la Araucanía, Chile
| | - Mauricio Zamorano
- Chemical Engineering Department, Universidad de la Frontera, Francisco Salazar 1145, 4811230, Temuco, Región de la Araucanía, Chile.
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14
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Luo Z, Eichinger KM, Zhang A, Li S. Targeting cancer metabolic pathways for improving chemotherapy and immunotherapy. Cancer Lett 2023; 575:216396. [PMID: 37739209 PMCID: PMC10591810 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2023.216396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/24/2023]
Abstract
Recent discoveries in cancer metabolism have revealed promising metabolic targets to modulate cancer progression, drug response, and anti-cancer immunity. Combination therapy, consisting of metabolic inhibitors and chemotherapeutic or immunotherapeutic agents, offers new opportunities for improved cancer therapy. However, it also presents challenges due to the complexity of cancer metabolic pathways and the metabolic interactions between tumor cells and immune cells. Many studies have been published demonstrating potential synergy between novel inhibitors of metabolism and chemo/immunotherapy, yet our understanding of the underlying mechanisms remains limited. Here, we review the current strategies of altering the metabolic pathways of cancer to improve the anti-cancer effects of chemo/immunotherapy. We also note the need to differentiate the effect of metabolic inhibition on cancer cells and immune cells and highlight nanotechnology as an emerging solution. Improving our understanding of the complexity of the metabolic pathways in different cell populations and the anti-cancer effects of chemo/immunotherapy will aid in the discovery of novel strategies that effectively restrict cancer growth and augment the anti-cancer effects of chemo/immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhangyi Luo
- Center for Pharmacogenetics, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Pittsburgh School of Pharmacy, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | | | - Anju Zhang
- Center for Pharmacogenetics, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Pittsburgh School of Pharmacy, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Song Li
- Center for Pharmacogenetics, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Pittsburgh School of Pharmacy, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
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15
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Khadka S, Lin YH, Ackroyd J, Chen YA, Sheng Y, Qian W, Guo S, Chen Y, Behr E, Barekatain Y, Uddin N, Arthur K, Yan V, Hsu WH, Chang Q, Poral A, Tran T, Chaurasia S, Georgiou DK, Asara JM, Barthel FP, Millward SW, DePinho RA, Muller FL. Anaplerotic nutrient stress drives synergy of angiogenesis inhibitors with therapeutics targeting tumor metabolism. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.05.07.539744. [PMID: 37214825 PMCID: PMC10197573 DOI: 10.1101/2023.05.07.539744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Tumor angiogenesis is a cancer hallmark, and its therapeutic inhibition has provided meaningful, albeit limited, clinical benefit. While anti-angiogenesis inhibitors deprive the tumor of oxygen and essential nutrients, cancer cells activate metabolic adaptations to diminish therapeutic response. Despite these adaptations, angiogenesis inhibition incurs extensive metabolic stress, prompting us to consider such metabolic stress as an induced vulnerability to therapies targeting cancer metabolism. Metabolomic profiling of angiogenesis-inhibited intracranial xenografts showed universal decrease in tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediates, corroborating a state of anaplerotic nutrient deficit or stress. Accordingly, we show strong synergy between angiogenesis inhibitors (Avastin, Tivozanib) and inhibitors of glycolysis or oxidative phosphorylation through exacerbation of anaplerotic nutrient stress in intracranial orthotopic xenografted gliomas. Our findings were recapitulated in GBM xenografts that do not have genetically predisposed metabolic vulnerabilities at baseline. Thus, our findings cement the central importance of the tricarboxylic acid cycle as the nexus of metabolic vulnerabilities and suggest clinical path hypothesis combining angiogenesis inhibitors with pharmacological cancer interventions targeting tumor metabolism for GBM tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunada Khadka
- Department of Cancer Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Cancer Systems Imaging, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- MD Anderson UT Health Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Yu-Hsi Lin
- Department of Cancer Systems Imaging, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jeffrey Ackroyd
- Department of Cancer Systems Imaging, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- MD Anderson UT Health Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Yi-An Chen
- Cancer and Cell Biology Division, The Translational Genomics Research Institute (TGen), Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Yanghui Sheng
- Crown Bioscience Inc., Suzhou Industrial Park, 218 Xinghu Rd, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wubin Qian
- Crown Bioscience Inc., Suzhou Industrial Park, 218 Xinghu Rd, Jiangsu, China
| | - Sheng Guo
- Crown Bioscience Inc., Suzhou Industrial Park, 218 Xinghu Rd, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yining Chen
- Department of Cancer Systems Imaging, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Eliot Behr
- Department of Cancer Systems Imaging, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Yasaman Barekatain
- Department of Cancer Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Cancer Systems Imaging, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- MD Anderson UT Health Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Nasir Uddin
- Department of Cancer Systems Imaging, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Kenisha Arthur
- Department of Cancer Systems Imaging, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Victoria Yan
- Department of Cancer Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- MD Anderson UT Health Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Wen-Hao Hsu
- Department of Cancer Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Qing Chang
- Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Anton Poral
- Department of Cancer Systems Imaging, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Theresa Tran
- Department of Cancer Systems Imaging, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Surendra Chaurasia
- Department of Cancer Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Dimitra K Georgiou
- Department of Cancer Systems Imaging, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - John M Asara
- Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Floris P Barthel
- Cancer and Cell Biology Division, The Translational Genomics Research Institute (TGen), Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Steve W Millward
- Department of Cancer Systems Imaging, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Ronald A DePinho
- Department of Cancer Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Florian L Muller
- Department of Cancer Systems Imaging, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- MD Anderson UT Health Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX, USA
- Present address: Sporos Bioventures, Houston, TX, USA
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16
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Jayaraman D, Sneha LM, Jeyarani G, Somayajula A, Kothandam BT, Scott JX, Gadekar A. Experience with Generic Pegylated L-asparaginase in Children with Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia from a Tertiary Care Oncology Center in South India. South Asian J Cancer 2023; 12:371-377. [PMID: 38130281 PMCID: PMC10733070 DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-1759785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Dhaarani JayaramanBackground Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is a common type of leukemia in children. The innovator pegylated L-asparaginase has several advantages over native L-asparaginase; however, its use in India is limited due to availability and cost. Therefore, a generic pegylated L-asparaginase can be considered as an alternative to the innovator molecule. Methods A retrospective study was conducted to assess the outcome (minimal residual disease [MRD]) and toxicity of a generic pegylated L-asparaginase (Hamsyl) at the end of induction therapy. Results Eighty-eight (80.7%) and 21 (19.3%) patients had received generic pegylated L-asparaginase and conventional asparaginase, respectively, as a part of their treatment protocol. Nearly 82% of patients had B-type ALL. Eight-one percent of children had a white blood cell count of fewer than 50,000/mm 3 . At the end of induction, 80.7% (88) of children were minimal residual disease (MRD)-negative, and at the end of augmented consolidation therapy, 20.2% were MRD-negative. Ten percent of patients exhibited allergic reactions. Two children had pancreatitis, and one child had central venous thrombosis. Conclusion The generic pegylated L-asparaginase (Hamsyl) was effective and safe for use in pediatric ALL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhaarani Jayaraman
- Division of Pediatric Hemato-Oncology, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Latha M. Sneha
- Division of Pediatric Hemato-Oncology, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Gracelin Jeyarani
- Division of Pediatric Hemato-Oncology, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Alekhya Somayajula
- Department of Pediatrics, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Balaji Thiruvengadam Kothandam
- Division of Pediatric Hemato-Oncology, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Julius Xavier Scott
- Division of Pediatric Hemato-Oncology, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - A Gadekar
- Emcure Pharma, Pune, Maharashtra, India
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17
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Tan YQ, Loh CK, Makpol S. A Review of L-Asparaginase Hypersensitivity in Paediatric Acute Lymphoblastic Leukaemia Patients with Regard to the Measurement of Anti-Asparaginase Antibodies and Their Genetic Predisposition. Malays J Med Sci 2023; 30:40-51. [PMID: 37928798 PMCID: PMC10624446 DOI: 10.21315/mjms2023.30.5.4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2023] Open
Abstract
L-asparaginase is effective as part of the first line childhood acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) treatment regimen but suffers the risk of antibody production causing immune-mediated sequelae. This article aimed to describe the clinical implication of L-asparaginase hypersensitivity and review the types of antibodies and genetic polymorphisms contributing to it. Clinical or subclinical L-asparaginase hypersensitivity may lead to suboptimum therapeutic effect and jeopardise the clinical outcome in ALL children. Anti-asparaginase antibodies immunoglobulin (Ig)G, IgM and IgE were identified in the L-asparaginase hypersensitivities. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) is commonly used to quantify the IgG and IgM levels. The role of IgE in mediating L-asparaginase hypersensitivity is contradictory. Moreover, the presence of antibodies may not necessarily correlate inversely with the L-asparaginase efficacies in some studies. Patients with specific genetic variants have been shown to be more susceptible to clinical hypersensitivity of L-asparaginase. With the advance of technology, gene polymorphisms have been identified among Caucasians using whole-genome or exon sequencing, but the evidence is scanty among Asians. There is lack of pre-clinical study models that could help in understanding the pathophysiological pathway co-relating the gene expression and anti-asparaginase antibody formation. In conclusion, future research studies are required to fill the current gap in understanding the immune mediated reactions towards L-asparaginase upon its administration and its potential impact to the disease outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Qi Tan
- Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - C-Khai Loh
- Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Suzana Makpol
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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18
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Tiao E, Bernhardi CL, Trovato JA, Lawson J, Seung H, Emadi A, Duffy AP. Impact of pegaspargase dose capping on incidence of pegaspargase-related adverse events in adults. J Oncol Pharm Pract 2023:10781552231202217. [PMID: 37728166 DOI: 10.1177/10781552231202217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/21/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Asparaginase derivatives are essential components of the treatment of acute lymphoblastic leukemia in adolescent and young adult patients. However, their associated toxicities limit wider use in older populations. This study seeks to determine if the practice of capping the pegaspargase dose at 3750 units reduces the risk of related adverse events in adults. METHODS Adverse event data were retrospectively collected 28 days following each administration of pegaspargase in a single center. Doses were categorized as either capped (≤3750 units) (n = 57, 47.5%) or non-capped (>3750 units) (n = 63, 52.5%). The primary endpoint of this study was the composite incidence of serious pegaspargase-related adverse events, defined as grade 3 or higher. RESULTS Of the 120 doses administered, 47 (39.2%) were administered to patients > 39 years. For the primary endpoint, 26 doses (45.6%) in the dose capped group versus 22 doses (34.9%) in the non-dose capped group were associated with serious pegaspargase-related adverse events (p = 0.23). Isolated laboratory abnormalities accounted for all hepatotoxicity and pancreatic toxicity events, while venous thromboembolism and bleeding occurred after 8.3% and 13.3% of doses, respectively. Multivariate analysis of the primary outcome to adjust for differences in baseline characteristics found no difference between groups (OR 2.56 (0.84, 7.77, p = 0.098)). CONCLUSIONS The incidence of serious clinical toxicities was low in this study, particularly pegaspargase-related venous thromboembolism. This suggests that the practice of capping pegaspargase doses at 3750 units, coupled with vigilant monitoring and prophylaxis for pegaspargase-related adverse events, can allow for the inclusion of this drug in the treatment of older individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Tiao
- University of Maryland School of Pharmacy, Baltimore, MD, USA
- University of Maryland Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Ciera L Bernhardi
- University of Maryland Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - James A Trovato
- University of Maryland School of Pharmacy, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Justin Lawson
- University of Maryland Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Hyunuk Seung
- University of Maryland School of Pharmacy, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Ashkan Emadi
- University of Maryland Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD, USA
- University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Alison P Duffy
- University of Maryland School of Pharmacy, Baltimore, MD, USA
- University of Maryland Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD, USA
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19
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Holeček M. Aspartic Acid in Health and Disease. Nutrients 2023; 15:4023. [PMID: 37764806 PMCID: PMC10536334 DOI: 10.3390/nu15184023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Aspartic acid exists in L- and D-isoforms (L-Asp and D-Asp). Most L-Asp is synthesized by mitochondrial aspartate aminotransferase from oxaloacetate and glutamate acquired by glutamine deamidation, particularly in the liver and tumor cells, and transamination of branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs), particularly in muscles. The main source of D-Asp is the racemization of L-Asp. L-Asp transported via aspartate-glutamate carrier to the cytosol is used in protein and nucleotide synthesis, gluconeogenesis, urea, and purine-nucleotide cycles, and neurotransmission and via the malate-aspartate shuttle maintains NADH delivery to mitochondria and redox balance. L-Asp released from neurons connects with the glutamate-glutamine cycle and ensures glycolysis and ammonia detoxification in astrocytes. D-Asp has a role in brain development and hypothalamus regulation. The hereditary disorders in L-Asp metabolism include citrullinemia, asparagine synthetase deficiency, Canavan disease, and dicarboxylic aminoaciduria. L-Asp plays a role in the pathogenesis of psychiatric and neurologic disorders and alterations in BCAA levels in diabetes and hyperammonemia. Further research is needed to examine the targeting of L-Asp metabolism as a strategy to fight cancer, the use of L-Asp as a dietary supplement, and the risks of increased L-Asp consumption. The role of D-Asp in the brain warrants studies on its therapeutic potential in psychiatric and neurologic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milan Holeček
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Šimkova 870, 500 03 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
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Harhala MA, Gembara K, Rybicka I, Kaźmierczak ZM, Miernikiewicz P, Majewska JM, Budziar W, Nasulewicz-Goldeman A, Nelson DC, Owczarek B, Dąbrowska K. Immunogenic epitope scanning in bacteriolytic enzymes Pal and Cpl-1 and engineering Pal to escape antibody responses. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1075774. [PMID: 37781366 PMCID: PMC10540205 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1075774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacteriolytic enzymes are promising antibacterial agents, but they can cause a typical immune response in vivo. In this study, we used a targeted modification method for two antibacterial endolysins, Pal and Cpl-1. We identified the key immunogenic amino acids, and designed and tested new, bacteriolytic variants with altered immunogenicity. One new variant of Pal (257-259 MKS → TFG) demonstrated decreased immunogenicity while a similar mutant (257-259 MKS → TFK) demonstrated increased immunogenicity. A third variant (280-282 DKP → GGA) demonstrated significantly increased antibacterial activity and it was not cross-neutralized by antibodies induced by the wild-type enzyme. We propose this variant as a new engineered endolysin with increased antibacterial activity that is capable of escaping cross-neutralization by antibodies induced by wild-type Pal. We show that efficient antibacterial enzymes that avoid cross-neutralization by IgG can be developed by epitope scanning, in silico design, and substitutions of identified key amino acids with a high rate of success. Importantly, this universal approach can be applied to many proteins beyond endolysins and has the potential for design of numerous biological drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marek Adam Harhala
- Laboratory of Phage Molecular Biology, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland
- Research and Development Centre, Regional Specialist Hospital, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Gembara
- Laboratory of Phage Molecular Biology, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland
- Research and Development Centre, Regional Specialist Hospital, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Izabela Rybicka
- Laboratory of Phage Molecular Biology, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Zuzanna Maria Kaźmierczak
- Laboratory of Phage Molecular Biology, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland
- Research and Development Centre, Regional Specialist Hospital, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Paulina Miernikiewicz
- Laboratory of Phage Molecular Biology, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Joanna Marta Majewska
- Laboratory of Phage Molecular Biology, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Wiktoria Budziar
- Research and Development Centre, Regional Specialist Hospital, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Anna Nasulewicz-Goldeman
- Laboratory of Phage Molecular Biology, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Daniel C. Nelson
- Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, University of Maryland, Rockville, MD, United States
| | - Barbara Owczarek
- Laboratory of Phage Molecular Biology, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Krystyna Dąbrowska
- Laboratory of Phage Molecular Biology, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland
- Research and Development Centre, Regional Specialist Hospital, Wroclaw, Poland
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Xiao Y, Yu TJ, Xu Y, Ding R, Wang YP, Jiang YZ, Shao ZM. Emerging therapies in cancer metabolism. Cell Metab 2023; 35:1283-1303. [PMID: 37557070 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2023.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2023] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023]
Abstract
Metabolic reprogramming in cancer is not only a biological hallmark but also reveals treatment vulnerabilities. Numerous metabolic molecules have shown promise as treatment targets to impede tumor progression in preclinical studies, with some advancing to clinical trials. However, the intricacy and adaptability of metabolic networks hinder the effectiveness of metabolic therapies. This review summarizes the metabolic targets for cancer treatment and provides an overview of the current status of clinical trials targeting cancer metabolism. Additionally, we decipher crucial factors that limit the efficacy of metabolism-based therapies and propose future directions. With advances in integrating multi-omics, single-cell, and spatial technologies, as well as the ability to track metabolic adaptation more precisely and dynamically, clinicians can personalize metabolic therapies for improved cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer in Shanghai, Department of Breast Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Tian-Jian Yu
- Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer in Shanghai, Department of Breast Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Ying Xu
- Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer in Shanghai, Department of Breast Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Rui Ding
- Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer in Shanghai, Department of Breast Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yi-Ping Wang
- Precision Research Center for Refractory Diseases, Institute for Clinical Research, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Yi-Zhou Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer in Shanghai, Department of Breast Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.
| | - Zhi-Ming Shao
- Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer in Shanghai, Department of Breast Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.
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Ali AM, Adam H, Hailu D, Howe R, Abula T, Coenen MJH. Evaluating the Frequencies of CNOT3, GRIA1, NFATC2, and PNPLA3 Variant Alleles and Their Association with L-Asparaginase Hypersensitivity in Pediatric Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Appl Clin Genet 2023; 16:131-137. [PMID: 37551203 PMCID: PMC10404408 DOI: 10.2147/tacg.s404695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction L-asparaginase is a vital component for the treatment of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL); however, hypersensitivity reactions and hepatotoxicity hinder its anti-neoplastic efficacy. Previous reports indicated that genetic variants in CNOT3, GRIA1, and NFATC2 genes might be associated with hypersensitivity reactions and PNPLA3 with liver function. Objective In this study, it was investigated whether this association also exists in a pediatric ALL cohort from Ethiopia. Methods Three variants GRIA1 rs4958351, CNOT3 rs73062673, and NFATC2 rs6021191 were genotyped in a cohort of 160 patients. Association analysis to investigate the association with hypersensitivity reactions was performed using logistic regression analyses. Besides these variants, a variant in PNPLA3 (rs738409) was genotyped to assess the association with liver function. Results Genotype frequencies of GRIA1 rs4958351, CNOT3 rs73062673, and NFATC2 rs6021191 were higher/lower than previously reported. One hundred and forty-four patients were included in the association analysis of which, 18 (12.5%) developed L-ASP hypersensitivity. Though the frequency of hypersensitivity was higher in patients that carried the risk alleles of the three investigated genes, no statistically significant differences were observed. Association analysis between PNPLA3 rs738409 and liver function could not be investigated due to a lack of clinical information. Conclusion In conclusion, none of the tested genes did predict L-asparaginase hypersensitivity in an Ethiopian pediatric ALL patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Awol Mekonnen Ali
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Haileyesus Adam
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Daniel Hailu
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Rawleigh Howe
- Armauer Hansen Research Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Teferra Abula
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Marieke J H Coenen
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
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Chulián S, Stolz BJ, Martínez-Rubio Á, Blázquez Goñi C, Rodríguez Gutiérrez JF, Caballero Velázquez T, Molinos Quintana Á, Ramírez Orellana M, Castillo Robleda A, Fuster Soler JL, Minguela Puras A, Martínez Sánchez MV, Rosa M, Pérez-García VM, Byrne HM. The shape of cancer relapse: Topological data analysis predicts recurrence in paediatric acute lymphoblastic leukaemia. PLoS Comput Biol 2023; 19:e1011329. [PMID: 37578973 PMCID: PMC10468039 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1011329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Although children and adolescents with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) have high survival rates, approximately 15-20% of patients relapse. Risk of relapse is routinely estimated at diagnosis by biological factors, including flow cytometry data. This high-dimensional data is typically manually assessed by projecting it onto a subset of biomarkers. Cell density and "empty spaces" in 2D projections of the data, i.e. regions devoid of cells, are then used for qualitative assessment. Here, we use topological data analysis (TDA), which quantifies shapes, including empty spaces, in data, to analyse pre-treatment ALL datasets with known patient outcomes. We combine these fully unsupervised analyses with Machine Learning (ML) to identify significant shape characteristics and demonstrate that they accurately predict risk of relapse, particularly for patients previously classified as 'low risk'. We independently confirm the predictive power of CD10, CD20, CD38, and CD45 as biomarkers for ALL diagnosis. Based on our analyses, we propose three increasingly detailed prognostic pipelines for analysing flow cytometry data from ALL patients depending on technical and technological availability: 1. Visual inspection of specific biological features in biparametric projections of the data; 2. Computation of quantitative topological descriptors of such projections; 3. A combined analysis, using TDA and ML, in the four-parameter space defined by CD10, CD20, CD38 and CD45. Our analyses readily extend to other haematological malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salvador Chulián
- Department of Mathematics, Universidad de Cádiz, Puerto Real (Cádiz), Spain
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Institute of Cádiz (INiBICA), Hospital Universitario Puerta del Mar, Cádiz, Spain
- Department of Mathematics, Mathematical Oncology Laboratory (MOLAB), Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Bernadette J. Stolz
- Mathematical Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Laboratory for Topology and Neuroscience, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Álvaro Martínez-Rubio
- Department of Mathematics, Universidad de Cádiz, Puerto Real (Cádiz), Spain
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Institute of Cádiz (INiBICA), Hospital Universitario Puerta del Mar, Cádiz, Spain
- Department of Mathematics, Mathematical Oncology Laboratory (MOLAB), Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Cristina Blázquez Goñi
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Institute of Cádiz (INiBICA), Hospital Universitario Puerta del Mar, Cádiz, Spain
- Department of Paediatric Haematology and Oncology, Hospital Universitario de Jerez, Jerez de la Frontera (Cádiz), Spain
- Department of Haematology, Hospital Universitario Vírgen del Rocío, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBIS), Sevilla, Spain
| | - Juan F. Rodríguez Gutiérrez
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Institute of Cádiz (INiBICA), Hospital Universitario Puerta del Mar, Cádiz, Spain
- Department of Paediatric Haematology and Oncology, Hospital Universitario de Jerez, Jerez de la Frontera (Cádiz), Spain
| | - Teresa Caballero Velázquez
- Department of Haematology, Hospital Universitario Vírgen del Rocío, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBIS), Sevilla, Spain
- CSIC, University of Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Águeda Molinos Quintana
- Department of Haematology, Hospital Universitario Vírgen del Rocío, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBIS), Sevilla, Spain
- CSIC, University of Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Manuel Ramírez Orellana
- Department of Paediatric Haematology and Oncology, Hospital Infantil Universitario Niño Jesús - Instituto Investigación Sanitaria La Princesa, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Castillo Robleda
- Department of Paediatric Haematology and Oncology, Hospital Infantil Universitario Niño Jesús - Instituto Investigación Sanitaria La Princesa, Madrid, Spain
| | - José Luis Fuster Soler
- Department of Paediatric Haematology and Oncology, Hospital Clínico Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca - Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria (IMIB), Murcia, Spain
| | - Alfredo Minguela Puras
- Immunology Service, Hospital Clínico Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca - Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria (IMIB), Murcia, Spain
| | - María V. Martínez Sánchez
- Immunology Service, Hospital Clínico Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca - Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria (IMIB), Murcia, Spain
| | - María Rosa
- Department of Mathematics, Universidad de Cádiz, Puerto Real (Cádiz), Spain
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Institute of Cádiz (INiBICA), Hospital Universitario Puerta del Mar, Cádiz, Spain
- Department of Mathematics, Mathematical Oncology Laboratory (MOLAB), Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Víctor M. Pérez-García
- Department of Mathematics, Mathematical Oncology Laboratory (MOLAB), Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Ciudad Real, Spain
- Instituto de Matemática Aplicada a la Ciencia y la Ingeniería (IMACI), Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Ciudad Real, Spain
- ETSI Industriales, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Helen M. Byrne
- Mathematical Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
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Sari NM, Berbudi A, Susanah S, Reniarti L, Supriyadi E, Kaspers GJL, Buddington RK, Howard S, Idjradinata P. Allergic Reactions to E. coli Asparaginase are Associated with Decreased Asparaginase Activity in an Indonesian Pediatric Population with ALL. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2023; 24:2773-2780. [PMID: 37642064 PMCID: PMC10685226 DOI: 10.31557/apjcp.2023.24.8.2773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The asparaginase's (ASP) utility for ALL treatment is limited by neutralizing antibodies, which is problematic in countries whose access limited to alternative preparations. ASP antibody levels and activity was measured during remission induction and associated with allergy manifestations. METHODS E. coli ASP was dosed at 7500 IU/m2. ASP IgG antibody levels were quantified at the beginning and end of induction. ASP activity was measured 24 hours after 1st and 5th dose (standard-risk) or 7th dose (high-risk patients) administration, and within 24 hours in case of allergic reactions. Allergy was monitored by CTCAE version 3. Parametric and non-parametric was performed for data analysis. RESULTS ASP antibody and activity levels were available in 41/63 consecutive patients. Allergic manifestations occurred in 13/41, with urticaria being the most frequent. There were no significant differences in subject characteristics based on allergic reactions. The 5th dose was the most frequent time of onset. Antibody levels in allergy group at the end of induction did not differ from those at baseline (p<0.05). Using a 24-hour level of 100 mU/mL as a threshold for adequate ASP activity, 6/13 patients with allergy had adequate levels compared to 26/28 patients without (p<0.05). The ASP activity level at the end of induction phase in both groups did not show a significant decrement. CONCLUSION The E. coli ASP activity with adequate levels were significantly higher in non-allergy group. Its activity level was not accompanied by increment of IgG in allergic group indicates other factors might affect activity levels in allergy group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nur Melani Sari
- Hematology Oncology Division, Department of Child Health Faculty of Universitas Padjadjaran/Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital, Bandung, Indonesia.
| | - Afiat Berbudi
- Department of Biomedical Science, Division of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, Indonesia.
| | - Susi Susanah
- Hematology Oncology Division, Department of Child Health Faculty of Universitas Padjadjaran/Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital, Bandung, Indonesia.
| | - Lelani Reniarti
- Hematology Oncology Division, Department of Child Health Faculty of Universitas Padjadjaran/Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital, Bandung, Indonesia.
| | - Eddy Supriyadi
- Pediatric Hematology Oncology Division, Department of Pediatrics, Dr Sardjito Hospital-Faculty of Medicine Universitas Gajah Mada,Yogyakarta, Indonesia.
| | - Gertjan J L Kaspers
- Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
- Emma Children’s Hospital, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, pediatric oncology, The Netherlands.
| | - Randal K Buddington
- University of Tennesse, Health Science Centre, Memphis, United States of America.
| | - Scott Howard
- University of Tennesse, Health Science Centre, Memphis, United States of America.
| | - Ponpon Idjradinata
- Hematology Oncology Division, Department of Child Health Faculty of Universitas Padjadjaran/Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital, Bandung, Indonesia.
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Parashiva J, Nuthan BR, Rakshith D, Satish S. Endophytic Fungi as a Promising Source of Anticancer L-Asparaginase: A Review. Curr Microbiol 2023; 80:282. [PMID: 37450223 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-023-03392-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
L-asparaginase is a tetrameric enzyme from the amidohydrolases family, that catalyzes the breakdown of L-asparagine into L-aspartic acid and ammonia. Since its discovery as an anticancer drug, it is used as one of the prime chemotherapeutic agents to treat acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Apart from its use in the biopharmaceutical industry, it is also used to reduce the formation of a carcinogenic substance called acrylamide in fried, baked, and roasted foods. L-asparaginase is derived from many organisms including plants, bacteria, fungi, and actinomycetes. Currently, L-asparaginase preparations from Escherichia coli and Erwinia chrysanthemi are used in the clinical treatment of acute lymphoblastic leukemia. However, they are associated with low yield and immunogenicity problems. At this juncture, endophytic fungi from medicinal plants have gained much attention as they have several advantages over the available bacterial preparations. Many medicinal plants have been screened for L-asparaginase producing endophytic fungi and several studies have reported potent L-asparaginase producing strains. This review provides insights into fungal endophytes from medicinal plants and their significance as probable alternatives for bacterial L-asparaginase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javaraiah Parashiva
- Department of Studies in Microbiology, University of Mysore, Manasagangotri, Mysuru, Karnataka, 570 006, India
| | | | - Devaraju Rakshith
- Department of Microbiology, Yuvaraja's College, University of Mysore, Manasagangotri, Mysuru, Karnataka, 570 005, India
| | - Sreedharamurthy Satish
- Department of Studies in Microbiology, University of Mysore, Manasagangotri, Mysuru, Karnataka, 570 006, India.
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Schnuchel A, Radcke C, Theobald L, Doeding S. Quality comparison of a state-of-the-art preparation of a recombinant L-asparaginase derived from Escherichia coli with an alternative asparaginase product. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0285948. [PMID: 37319282 PMCID: PMC10270636 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0285948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
L-asparaginase (ASNase) is a protein that is essential for the treatment of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). The main types of ASNase that are clinically used involve native and pegylated Escherichia coli (E. coli)-derived ASNase as well as Erwinia chrysanthemi-derived ASNase. Additionally, a new recombinant E. coli-derived ASNase formulation has received EMA market approval in 2016. In recent years, pegylated ASNase has been preferentially used in high-income countries, which decreased the demand for non-pegylated ASNase. Nevertheless, due to the high cost of pegylated ASNase, non-pegylated ASNase is still widely used in ALL treatment in low- and middle-income countries. As a consequence, the production of ASNase products from low- and middle-income countries increased in order to satisfy the demand worldwide. However, concerns over the quality and efficacy of these products were raised due to less stringent regulatory requirements. In the present study, we compared a recombinant E. coli-derived ASNase marketed in Europe (Spectrila®) with an E. coli-derived ASNase preparation from India (Onconase) marketed in Eastern European countries. To assess the quality attributes of both ASNases, an in-depth characterization was conducted. Enzymatic activity testing revealed a nominal enzymatic activity of almost 100% for Spectrila®, whereas the enzymatic activity for Onconase was only 70%. Spectrila® also showed excellent purity as analyzed by reversed-phase high-pressure liquid chromatography, size exclusion chromatography and capillary zone electrophoresis. Furthermore, levels of process-related impurities were very low for Spectrila®. In comparison, the E. coli DNA content in the Onconase samples was almost 12-fold higher and the content of host cell protein was more than 300-fold higher in the Onconase samples. Our results reveal that Spectrila® met all of the testing parameters, stood out for its excellent quality and, thus, represents a safe treatment option in ALL. These findings are particularly important for low- and middle-income countries, where access to ASNase formulations is limited.
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27
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Tirado HA, Balasundaram N, Laaouimir L, Erdem A, van Gastel N. Metabolic crosstalk between stromal and malignant cells in the bone marrow niche. Bone Rep 2023; 18:101669. [PMID: 36909665 PMCID: PMC9996235 DOI: 10.1016/j.bonr.2023.101669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone marrow is the primary site of blood cell production in adults and serves as the source of osteoblasts and osteoclasts that maintain bone homeostasis. The medullary microenvironment is also involved in malignancy, providing a fertile soil for the growth of blood cancers or solid tumors metastasizing to bone. The cellular composition of the bone marrow is highly complex, consisting of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells, maturing blood cells, skeletal stem cells, osteoblasts, mesenchymal stromal cells, adipocytes, endothelial cells, lymphatic endothelial cells, perivascular cells, and nerve cells. Intercellular communication at different levels is essential to ensure proper skeletal and hematopoietic tissue function, but it is altered when malignant cells colonize the bone marrow niche. While communication often involves soluble factors such as cytokines, chemokines, and growth factors, as well as their respective cell-surface receptors, cells can also communicate by exchanging metabolic information. In this review, we discuss the importance of metabolic crosstalk between different cells in the bone marrow microenvironment, particularly concerning the malignant setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hernán A Tirado
- Cellular Metabolism and Microenvironment Laboratory, de Duve Institute, UCLouvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Nithya Balasundaram
- Cellular Metabolism and Microenvironment Laboratory, de Duve Institute, UCLouvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Lotfi Laaouimir
- Cellular Metabolism and Microenvironment Laboratory, de Duve Institute, UCLouvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Ayşegül Erdem
- Cellular Metabolism and Microenvironment Laboratory, de Duve Institute, UCLouvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Nick van Gastel
- Cellular Metabolism and Microenvironment Laboratory, de Duve Institute, UCLouvain, Brussels, Belgium.,WELBIO Department, WEL Research Institute, Wavre, Belgium
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Habashy C, Yemeke TT, Bolous NS, Chen Y, Ozawa S, Bhakta N, Alexander TB. Variations in global prices of chemotherapy for childhood cancer: a descriptive analysis. EClinicalMedicine 2023; 60:102005. [PMID: 37251630 PMCID: PMC10209684 DOI: 10.1016/j.eclinm.2023.102005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Revised: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The stark disparity in survival for children with cancer across the world has inspired a global call to expand chemotherapy access in low and middle income countries. Among the numerous barriers to success, a paucity of reliable information regarding chemotherapy pricing hinders the ability of governments and other key stakeholders to make informed budget decisions or negotiate lower medication prices. The aim of this study was to generate comparative price information on both individual chemotherapy agents and comprehensive treatment regimens for common childhood cancers using real-world data. Methods Chemotherapy agents were selected based on their inclusion in the World Health Organization (WHO) Essential Medicines List for Children (EMLc) and their use in frontline regimens for the tracer cancer types prioritized by the WHO's Global Initiative for Childhood Cancer (GICC). Sources included IQVIA MIDAS data, obtained under license from IQVIA, and publicly available data from Management Sciences for Health (MSH). Data on chemotherapy prices and purchase volumes spanning 2012-2019 were aggregated according to WHO region and World Bank (WB) income classification. Cumulative chemotherapy prices for treatment regimens were compared across WB income classification. Findings Data representing an estimated 1.1 billion doses of chemotherapy were obtained for 97 countries: 43 high income countries (HICs), 28 upper middle income countries (UMICs), and 26 low and lower middle income countries (LLMICs). Median drug prices in HICs were 0.9-20.4 times those of UMICs and 0.9-15.5 times those of LMICs. Regimen prices were generally higher for HICs, hematologic malignancies, non-adapted protocols, and higher risk stratification or stage, albeit with notable exceptions. Interpretation This study represents the largest price analysis to date of chemotherapy agents used globally in childhood cancer therapy. The findings of this study form a basis for future cost-effectiveness analysis in pediatric cancer and should inform efforts of governments and stakeholders to negotiate drug prices and develop pooled purchasing strategies. Funding NB received funding support from the American Lebanese Syrian Associated Charities and Cancer Center Support grant (CA21765) from the National Cancer Institute through the National Institutes of Health. TA received funding through the University of North Carolina Oncology K12 (K12CA120780) and the University Cancer Research Fund from the UNC Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Habashy
- Division of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Tatenda T. Yemeke
- Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Nancy S. Bolous
- Department of Global Pediatric Medicine, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Yichen Chen
- Department of Global Pediatric Medicine, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Sachiko Ozawa
- Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Nickhill Bhakta
- Department of Global Pediatric Medicine, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Thomas B. Alexander
- Division of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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Nguyen TN, Do TP, Nguyen TC, Trieu HP, Nguyen TGA, Do TT. Cinchonain Ia Shows Promising Antitumor Effects in Combination with L-Asparaginase-Loaded Nanoliposomes. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15051537. [PMID: 37242779 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15051537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer is among the leading causes of death worldwide, with no effective and safe treatment to date. This study is the first to co-conjugate the natural compound cinchonain Ia, which has promising anti-inflammatory activity, and L-asparaginase (ASNase), which has anticancer potential, to manufacture nanoliposomal particles (CALs). The CAL nanoliposomal complex had a mean size of approximately 118.7 nm, a zeta potential of -47.00 mV, and a polydispersity index (PDI) of 0.120. ASNase and cinchonain Ia were encapsulated into liposomes with approximately 93.75% and 98.53% efficiency, respectively. The CAL complex presented strong synergistic anticancer potency, with a combination index (CI) < 0.32 in two-dimensional culture and 0.44 in a three-dimensional model, as tested on NTERA-2 cancer stem cells. Importantly, the CAL nanoparticles demonstrated outstanding antiproliferative efficiency on cell growth in NTERA-2 cell spheroids, with greater than 30- and 2.5-fold increases in cytotoxic activity compared to either cinchonain Ia or ASNase liposomes, respectively. CALs also presented extremely enhanced antitumor effects, reaching approximately 62.49% tumor growth inhibition. Tumorized mice under CALs treatment showed a survival rate of 100%, compared to 31.2% in the untreated control group (p < 0.01), after 28 days of the experiment. Thus, CALs may represent an effective material for anticancer drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thi Nga Nguyen
- Institute of Biotechnology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet Road, Cau Giay, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam
| | - Thi Phuong Do
- Institute of Biotechnology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet Road, Cau Giay, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam
| | - Thi Cuc Nguyen
- Institute of Biotechnology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet Road, Cau Giay, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam
| | - Ha Phuong Trieu
- Institute of Biotechnology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet Road, Cau Giay, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam
| | - Thi Giang An Nguyen
- Faculty of Biology, College of Education, Vinh University, 182 Le Duan St., Vinh City 460000, Vietnam
| | - Thi Thao Do
- Institute of Biotechnology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet Road, Cau Giay, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam
- Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Graduate University of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet Road, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam
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30
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Shakerdi L, Ryan A. Drug-induced hyperammonaemia. J Clin Pathol 2023:jcp-2022-208644. [PMID: 37164630 DOI: 10.1136/jcp-2022-208644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Hyperammonaemia (HA) as a consequence of numerous primary or secondary causes, gives rise to clinical manifestations due to its toxic effects on the brain. The neurological consequences broadly reflect the ammonia level, duration and age, with paediatric patients being more susceptible. Drug-induced HA may arise due to either decreased ammonia elimination or increased production. This is associated most frequently with use of valproate and presents a dilemma between ongoing therapeutic need, toxicity and the possibility of an alternative cause. As there is no specific test for drug-induced HA, prompt discussion with a metabolic physician is recommended, as the neurotoxic effects are time-dependent. Specific guidelines for managing drug-induced HA have yet to be published and hence the treatment approach outlined in this review reflects that outlined in relevant urea cycle disorder guidelines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loai Shakerdi
- National Centre for Inherited Metabolic Disorders, Mater Misericordiae University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Aidan Ryan
- Chemical Pathology, Cork University Hospital Biochemistry Laboratory, Cork, Ireland
- Pathology, University College Cork College of Medicine and Health, Cork, Ireland
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31
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Anakha J, Prasad YR, Sharma N, Pande AH. Human arginase I: a potential broad-spectrum anti-cancer agent. 3 Biotech 2023; 13:159. [PMID: 37152001 PMCID: PMC10156892 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-023-03590-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023] Open
Abstract
With high rates of morbidity and mortality, cancer continues to pose a serious threat to public health on a global scale. Considering the discrepancies in metabolism between cancer and normal cells, metabolism-based anti-cancer biopharmaceuticals are gaining importance. Normal cells can synthesize arginine, but they can also take up extracellular arginine, making it a semi-essential amino acid. Arginine auxotrophy occurs when a cancer cell has abnormalities in the enzymes involved in arginine metabolism and relies primarily on extracellular arginine to support its biological functions. Taking advantage of arginine auxotrophy in cancer cells, arginine deprivation, which can be induced by introducing recombinant human arginase I (rhArg I), is being developed as a broad-spectrum anti-cancer therapy. This has led to the development of various rhArg I variants, which have shown remarkable anti-cancer activity. This article discusses the importance of arginine auxotrophy in cancer and different arginine-hydrolyzing enzymes that are in various stages of clinical development and reviews the need for a novel rhArg I that mitigates the limitations of the existing therapies. Further, we have also analyzed the necessity as well as the significance of using rhArg I to treat various arginine-auxotrophic cancers while considering the importance of their genetic profiles, particularly urea cycle enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. Anakha
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Sector 67, S.A.S. Nagar, Mohali, 160062 Punjab India
| | - Yenisetti Rajendra Prasad
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Sector 67, S.A.S. Nagar, Mohali, 160062 Punjab India
| | - Nisha Sharma
- Laboratory of Epigenetics and Diseases, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Sector 67, S.A.S. Nagar, Mohali, 160062 Punjab India
| | - Abhay H. Pande
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Sector 67, S.A.S. Nagar, Mohali, 160062 Punjab India
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Ko M, Kim MG, Yoon SS, Kim IW, Suh SY, Cho YS, Oh JM. Clinical impacts of the concomitant use of L-asparaginase and total parenteral nutrition containing L-aspartic acid in patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1122010. [PMID: 37077904 PMCID: PMC10106764 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1122010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
IntroductionL-asparaginase (ASNase) depletes L-asparagine and causes the death of leukemic cells, making it a mainstay for the treatment of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). However, ASNase's activity can be inhibited by L-aspartic acid (Asp), which competes for the same substrate and reduces the drug's efficacy. While many commercially used total parenteral nutrition (TPN) products contain Asp, it is unclear how the concomitant use of TPNs containing Asp (Asp-TPN) affects ALL patients treated with ASNase. This propensity-matched retrospective cohort study evaluated the clinical effects of the interaction between ASNase and Asp-TPN.MethodsThe study population included newly diagnosed adult Korean ALL patients who received VPDL induction therapy consisting of vincristine, prednisolone, daunorubicin, and Escherichia coli L-asparaginase between 2004 and 2021. Patients were divided into two groups based on their exposure to Asp-TPN: (1) Asp-TPN group and (2) control group. Data, including baseline characteristics, disease information, medication information, and laboratory data, were collected retrospectively. The primary outcomes for the effectiveness were overall and complete response rates. Relapse-free survival at six months and one year of treatment were also evaluated. The safety of both TPN and ASNase was evaluated by comparing liver function test levels between groups. A 1:1 propensity score matching analysis was conducted to minimize potential selection bias.ResultsThe analysis included a total of 112 ALL patients, and 34 of whom received Asp-TPN and ASNase concomitantly. After propensity score matching, 30 patients remained in each group. The concomitant use of Asp-TPN and ASNase did not affect the overall response rate (odds ratio [OR] 0.53; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.17–1.62) or the complete response rate (OR 0.86; 95% CI = 0.29–2.59) of the ASNase-including induction therapy. The concomitant use of Asp-TPN and ASNase also did not impact relapse-free survival (RFS) at six months and one year of treatment (OR 1.00; 95% CI = 0.36–2.78 and OR 1.24; 95% CI, 0.50–3.12, respectively). The peak levels of each liver function test (LFT) and the frequency of LFT elevations were evaluated during induction therapy and showed no difference between the two groups.ConclusionThere is no clear rationale for avoiding Asp-TPN in ASNase-treated patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minoh Ko
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Pharmacy, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Myeong Gyu Kim
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- College of Pharmacy and Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Soo Yoon
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - In-Wha Kim
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Yun Suh
- Department of Pharmacy, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon-Sook Cho
- Department of Pharmacy, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Mi Oh
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- *Correspondence: Jung Mi Oh,
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Mootoosamy C, Kondyli M, Serfaty SA, Tremblay DÉ, Gagné V, Ribère M, Laverdière C, Leclerc JM, Sinnett D, Tran TH, Krajinovic M. IL16 and factor V gene variations are associated with asparaginase-related thrombosis in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia patients. Pharmacogenomics 2023; 24:199-206. [PMID: 36946317 DOI: 10.2217/pgs-2022-0164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim: We previously conducted exome-wide association study in acute lymphoblastic leukemia patients and identified association of five SNPs with asparaginase-related thrombosis. Here we aimed to replicate these findings in an independent patient cohort and through analyses in vitro. Patients & methods: SNPs located in IL16, MYBBP1A, PKD2L1, RIN3 and MPEG1 genes were analyzed in patients receiving Dana-Farber Cancer Institute acute lymphoblastic leukemia treatment protocols 05-001 and 11-001. Thrombophilia-related variations were also analysed. Results: IL16 rs11556218 conferred higher risk of thrombosis and higher in vitro sensitivity to asparaginase. The association was modulated by the treatment protocol, risk group and immunophenotype. A crosstalk between factor V Leiden, non-O blood groups and higher risk of thrombosis was also seen. Conclusion: IL16 and factor V Leiden variations are implicated in asparaginase-related thrombosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Covida Mootoosamy
- Charles-Bruneau Cancer Center, CHU Sainte-Justine Research Center, Montreal, QC, H3T 1C5, Canada
- Department of Pharmacology & Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Maria Kondyli
- Charles-Bruneau Cancer Center, CHU Sainte-Justine Research Center, Montreal, QC, H3T 1C5, Canada
| | - Sophie Annaelle Serfaty
- Charles-Bruneau Cancer Center, CHU Sainte-Justine Research Center, Montreal, QC, H3T 1C5, Canada
- Department of Pharmacology & Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - David-Étienne Tremblay
- Charles-Bruneau Cancer Center, CHU Sainte-Justine Research Center, Montreal, QC, H3T 1C5, Canada
| | - Vincent Gagné
- Charles-Bruneau Cancer Center, CHU Sainte-Justine Research Center, Montreal, QC, H3T 1C5, Canada
| | - Maïté Ribère
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Art & Science, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Caroline Laverdière
- Charles-Bruneau Cancer Center, CHU Sainte-Justine Research Center, Montreal, QC, H3T 1C5, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Jean-Marie Leclerc
- Charles-Bruneau Cancer Center, CHU Sainte-Justine Research Center, Montreal, QC, H3T 1C5, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Daniel Sinnett
- Charles-Bruneau Cancer Center, CHU Sainte-Justine Research Center, Montreal, QC, H3T 1C5, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Thai Hoa Tran
- Charles-Bruneau Cancer Center, CHU Sainte-Justine Research Center, Montreal, QC, H3T 1C5, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Maja Krajinovic
- Charles-Bruneau Cancer Center, CHU Sainte-Justine Research Center, Montreal, QC, H3T 1C5, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, H3T 1J4, Canada
- Department of Pharmacology & Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, H3T 1J4, Canada
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Tsai CY, Saito T, Sarangdhar M, Abu-El-Haija M, Wen L, Lee B, Yu M, Lipata DA, Manohar M, Barakat MT, Contrepois K, Tran TH, Theoret Y, Bo N, Ding Y, Stevenson K, Ladas EJ, Silverman LB, Quadro L, Anthony TG, Jegga AG, Husain SZ. A systems approach points to a therapeutic role for retinoids in asparaginase-associated pancreatitis. Sci Transl Med 2023; 15:eabn2110. [PMID: 36921036 PMCID: PMC10205044 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.abn2110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023]
Abstract
Among drug-induced adverse events, pancreatitis is life-threatening and results in substantial morbidity. A prototype example is the pancreatitis caused by asparaginase, a crucial drug used to treat acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Here, we used a systems approach to identify the factors affecting asparaginase-associated pancreatitis (AAP). Connectivity Map analysis of the transcriptomic data showed that asparaginase-induced gene signatures were potentially reversed by retinoids (vitamin A and its analogs). Analysis of a large electronic health record database (TriNetX) and the U.S. Federal Drug Administration Adverse Events Reporting System demonstrated a reduction in AAP risk with concomitant exposure to vitamin A. Furthermore, we performed a global metabolomic screening of plasma samples from 24 individuals with ALL who developed pancreatitis (cases) and 26 individuals with ALL who did not develop pancreatitis (controls), before and after a single exposure to asparaginase. Screening from this discovery cohort revealed that plasma carotenoids were lower in the cases than in controls. This finding was validated in a larger external cohort. A 30-day dietary recall showed that the cases received less dietary vitamin A than the controls did. In mice, asparaginase administration alone was sufficient to reduce circulating and hepatic retinol. Based on these data, we propose that circulating retinoids protect against pancreatic inflammation and that asparaginase reduces circulating retinoids. Moreover, we show that AAP is more likely to develop with reduced dietary vitamin A intake. The systems approach taken for AAP provides an impetus to examine the role of dietary vitamin A supplementation in preventing or treating AAP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Yu Tsai
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, 94304, USA
| | - Toshie Saito
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, 94304, USA
| | - Mayur Sarangdhar
- Division of Biomedical Informatics, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
- Division of Oncology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
| | - Maisam Abu-El-Haija
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
| | - Li Wen
- Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100006, China
| | - Bomi Lee
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, 94304, USA
| | - Mang Yu
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, 94304, USA
| | - Den A. Lipata
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, 94304, USA
| | - Murli Manohar
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, 94304, USA
| | - Monique T. Barakat
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, 94304, USA
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, 94304, USA
| | - Kévin Contrepois
- Department of Genetics, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, 94304, USA
| | - Thai Hoa Tran
- Division of Pediatric Hematology Oncology, Charles-Bruneau Cancer Center, CHU Sainte-Justine, Montreal, QC, H3T 1C5, Canada
| | - Yves Theoret
- Département Clinique de Médecine de Laboratoire, Secteur Pharmacologie Clinique, Optilab Montréal - CHU Sainte-Justine, Montreal, H3T 1C5, Canada
| | - Na Bo
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA
| | - Ying Ding
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA
| | - Kristen Stevenson
- Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Elena J. Ladas
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology/Stem Cell Transplant, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA
- Institute of Human Nutrition, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Lewis B. Silverman
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Division of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, Boston, Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Loredana Quadro
- Department of Food Science, Rutgers Center for Lipid Research and the New Jersey Institute for Food, Nutrition and Health, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901, USA
| | - Tracy G. Anthony
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and the New Jersey Institute for Food, Nutrition and Health, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901, USA
| | - Anil G. Jegga
- Division of Biomedical Informatics, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
| | - Sohail Z. Husain
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, 94304, USA
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Devi R, Verma R, Dhalaria R, Kumar A, Kumar D, Puri S, Thakur M, Chauhan S, Chauhan PP, Nepovimova E, Kuca K. A systematic review on endophytic fungi and its role in the commercial applications. PLANTA 2023; 257:70. [PMID: 36856911 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-023-04087-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
MAIN CONCLUSION EF have been explored for its beneficial impact on environment and for its commercial applications. It has proved its worth in these sectors and showed an impact on biological properties of plants by producing various bioactive molecules and enzymes. Endophytes are plant mutualists that live asymptomatically within plant tissues and exist in almost every plant species. Endophytic fungi benefit from the host plant nutrition, and the host plant gains improved competitive abilities and tolerance against pathogens, herbivores, and various abiotic stresses. Endophytic fungi are one of the most inventive classes which produce secondary metabolites and play a crucial role in human health and other biotic aspects. This review is focused on systematic study on the biodiversity of endophytic fungi in plants, and their role in enhancing various properties of plants such as antimicrobial, antimycobacterial, antioxidant, cytotoxic, anticancer, and biological activity of secondary metabolites produced by various fungal endophytes in host plants reported from 1994 to 2021. This review emphasizes the endophytic fungal population shaped by host genotype, environment, and endophytic fungi genotype affecting host plant. The impact of endophytic fungi has been discussed in detail which influences the commercial properties of plants. Endophytes also have an influence on plant productivity by increasing parameters such as nutrient recycling and phytostimulation. Studies focusing on mechanisms that regulate attenuation of secondary metabolite production in EF would provide much needed impetus on ensuring continued production of bioactive molecules from a indubitable source. If this knowledge is further extensively explored regarding fungal endophytes in plants for production of potential phytochemicals, then it will help in exploring a keen area of interest for pharmacognosy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reema Devi
- School of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, Solan, H.P., 173229, India
| | - Rachna Verma
- School of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, Solan, H.P., 173229, India.
| | - Rajni Dhalaria
- School of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, Solan, H.P., 173229, India
| | - Ashwani Kumar
- Patanjali Herbal Research Department, Patanjali Research Institute, Haridwar, Uttarakhand, 249405, India
| | - Dinesh Kumar
- School of Bioengineering and Food Technology, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Business Management, Solan, H.P., 173229, India
| | - Sunil Puri
- School of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, Solan, H.P., 173229, India
| | - Monika Thakur
- School of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, Solan, H.P., 173229, India
| | - Saurav Chauhan
- School of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, Solan, H.P., 173229, India
| | - Prem Parkash Chauhan
- Lal Bahadur Shastri Government Degree College, Saraswati Nagar, Shimla, H.P., 171206, India
| | - Eugenie Nepovimova
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, 50003, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Kamil Kuca
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, 50003, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic.
- Biomedical Research Center, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, 50005, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic.
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Sánchez-Moguel I, Costa-Silva TA, Pillaca-Pullo OS, Flores-Santos JC, Freire RKB, Carretero G, da Luz Bueno J, Camacho-Córdova DI, Santos JH, Sette LD, Pessoa-Jr A. Antarctic yeasts as a source of L-asparaginase: characterization of a glutaminase-activity free L-asparaginase from psychrotolerant yeast Leucosporidium scottii L115. Process Biochem 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2023.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/09/2023]
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Lin T, Whigham T, Fernando I, Choi MR, Wang Q, Silverman JA. Population pharmacokinetics of intramuscular recombinant Erwinia chrysanthemi asparaginase (JZP458) in patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Clin Transl Sci 2023; 16:898-909. [PMID: 36929533 PMCID: PMC10175977 DOI: 10.1111/cts.13499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
JZP458 is a recombinant Erwinia chrysanthemi asparaginase for patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL)/lymphoblastic lymphoma (LBL) who have developed hypersensitivity to Escherichia coli-derived asparaginases. A population pharmacokinetic (PopPK) model was developed for intramuscular (i.m.) JZP458 using serum asparaginase activity (SAA) data from 166 patients with ALL/LBL enrolled in a phase II/III study conducted in collaboration with the Children's Oncology Group (AALL1931; NCT04145531). The pharmacokinetics of i.m. JZP458 is best characterized by a one-compartment model with mixed-order absorption and linear elimination, with body surface area included as an allometric covariate on JZP458 SAA clearance and volume, and race (i.e., Black/African American) and disease subtype (i.e., T-cell ALL) as covariates on JZP458 SAA clearance. The PopPK model was used to simulate SAA profiles to estimate the likelihood of achieving nadir SAA (NSAA) levels greater than or equal to 0.1 IU/mL with different dosing regimens. Model-based simulations suggest when JZP458 is administered i.m. at 25/25/50 mg/m2 Monday/Wednesday/Friday (MWF), 92.1% of subjects (95% confidence interval [CI]: 90.9%, 93.3%) are expected to achieve the last 72-h (after 50 mg/m2 dose) NSAA level greater than or equal to 0.1 IU/mL, and 93.8% (95% CI: 92.7%, 94.9%) are expected to achieve the last 48-h (after 25 mg/m2 dose) NSAA level greater than or equal to 0.1 IU/mL. When JZP458 is administered 25 mg/m2 i.m. every 48 h, 93.8% (95% CI: 92.7%, 94.8%) are expected to achieve the last 48-h NSAA level greater than or equal to 0.1 IU/mL. These data supported the i.m. dose of 25 mg/m2 every 48 h or 25/25/50 mg/m2 on a MWF dosing schedule in patients with ALL/LBL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Lin
- Jazz Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Palo Alto, California, USA
| | - Tajhia Whigham
- IQVIA, Overland Park, Kansas, USA.,Division of Pharmacotherapy and Experimental Therapeutics, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | | | - Mi Rim Choi
- Jazz Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Palo Alto, California, USA
| | - Qi Wang
- Jazz Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Palo Alto, California, USA
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Lassaletta Á, Gutiérrez F. Asparaginase activity monitoring in pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia: A cross-sectional nationwide study in Spain. Cancer Rep (Hoboken) 2023; 6:e1729. [PMID: 36307379 PMCID: PMC9940000 DOI: 10.1002/cnr2.1729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A cross-sectional nationwide study was designed to assess national compliance with international consensus/guidelines of monitoring asparaginase levels in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) treated with asparaginase in routine clinical practice. METHODS An ad hoc questionnaire was designed and completed by staff physicians from Hemato-Oncology Units throughout Spain. RESULTS A total of 39 physicians (64% pediatricians) with a mean (SD) age 43.5 (7.9) years and 15.3 (17.6) years of professional activity participated in the study. They accounted for 90% of hospitals in which children with ALL are treated in Spain. A total of 19 participants (48.7%) reported that asparaginase levels were routinely monitored (own center in 2 cases [10.5%], another hospital in 17 cases [89.5%]). Asparaginase was not monitored in 51.3% of the cases, mostly (80%) because unavailability of testing. When asparaginase was monitored, 68% of participants reported that this was done in all asparaginase-treated patients and 84% in all phases of the disease (induction, consolidation, re-induction, maintenance) with a time interval of 7 days for the pegylated form, 48 h for Erwinia asparaginase and 14 days for maintenance with the pegylated form. All participants reported that they modified treatment according to results of testing, with a limit of total depletion of ≥100 IU/L. Levels <100 or 20 IU/L were considered indicative of hypersensitivity by 46% of physicians. CONCLUSION There is still a gap between what is recommended and what is done in clinical practice, with more than 50% of centers not monitoring the level of asparaginase activity in pediatric ALL. Protocols for asparaginase testing in daily practice should be implemented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Álvaro Lassaletta
- Pediatric Hematology‐Oncology DepartmentHospital Infantil Universitario Niño JesúsMadridSpain
| | - Fernando Gutiérrez
- Research Department, Pharmacy DepartmentComplejo Hospitalario Universitario de CanariasSanta Cruz de TenerifeSpain
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Zhou R, Liang T, Li T, Huang J, Chen C. Possible mechanism of metabolic and drug resistance with L-asparaginase therapy in childhood leukaemia. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1070069. [PMID: 36816964 PMCID: PMC9929349 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1070069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
L-asparaginase, which hydrolyzes asparagine into aspartic acid and ammonia, is frequently used to treat acute lymphoblastic leukaemia in children. When combined with other chemotherapy drugs, the event-free survival rate is 90%. Due to immunogenicity and drug resistance, however, not all patients benefit from it, restricting the use of L-asparaginase therapy in other haematological cancers. To solve the problem of immunogenicity, several L-ASNase variants have emerged, such as Erwinia-ASNase and PEG-ASNase. However, even when Erwinia-ASNase is used as a substitute for E. coli-ASNase or PEG-ASNase, allergic reactions occur in 3%-33% of patients. All of these factors contributed to the development of novel L-ASNases. Additionally, L-ASNase resistance mechanisms, such as the methylation status of ASNS promoters and activation of autophagy, have further emphasized the importance of personalized treatment for paediatric haematological neoplasms. In this review, we discussed the metabolic effects of L-ASNase, mechanisms of drug resistance, applications in non-ALL leukaemia, and the development of novel L-ASNase.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Chun Chen
- *Correspondence: Junbin Huang, ; Chun Chen,
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Rodgers GM, Mahajerin A. Antithrombin Therapy: Current State and Future Outlook. Clin Appl Thromb Hemost 2023; 29:10760296231205279. [PMID: 37822179 PMCID: PMC10571690 DOI: 10.1177/10760296231205279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Antithrombin (AT) is a natural anticoagulant pivotal in inactivating serine protease enzymes in the coagulation cascade, making it a potent inhibitor of blood clot formation. AT also possesses anti-inflammatory properties by influencing anticoagulation and directly interacting with endothelial cells. Hereditary AT deficiency is one of the most severe inherited thrombophilias, with up to 85% lifetime risk of venous thromboembolism. Acquired AT deficiency arises during heparin therapy or states of hypercoagulability like sepsis and premature infancy. Optimization of AT levels in individuals with AT deficiency is an important treatment consideration, particularly during high-risk situations such as surgery, trauma, pregnancy, and postpartum. Here, we integrate the existing evidence surrounding the approved uses of AT therapy, as well as potential additional patient populations where AT therapy has been considered by the medical community, including any available consensus statements and guidelines. We also describe current knowledge regarding cost-effectiveness of AT concentrate in different contexts. Future work should seek to identify specific patient populations for whom targeted AT therapy is likely to provide the strongest clinical benefit.
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Affiliation(s)
- George M. Rodgers
- Division of Hematology, University of Utah Medical Center, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Arash Mahajerin
- Division of Hematology, Children's Hospital of Orange County, Orange, CA, USA
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Ashrafi F, Sadeghi A, Derakhshandeh A, Oghab P. The feasibility of PETHEMA ALL-96 regimen on treatment of patients with acute lymphoid leukemia. JOURNAL OF RESEARCH IN MEDICAL SCIENCES : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF ISFAHAN UNIVERSITY OF MEDICAL SCIENCES 2023; 28:30. [PMID: 37213449 PMCID: PMC10199372 DOI: 10.4103/jrms.jrms_4_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2022] [Revised: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Background Asparaginase-based treatment regimen for acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL) is considered as feasible, but there is still a lack of data. In this study, considering the results of other regimen that were not optimum in previous studies. Here, we aimed to investigate the feasibility of PETHEMA ALL-96 treatment regimen. Materials and Methods This is a retrospective feasibility study that was performed in 2019-2021 on 13 patients diagnosed with B-cell ALL. Patients were treated by PETHEMA ALL-96 regimen during induction, consolidation, reinduction, and maintenance phases. Patients were followed for 2 years after initiation of PETHEMA ALL-96 regimen for disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) of all patients were evaluated after 2 years. Results Data of 11 patients were analyzed. Within 28 days after treatments, all patients (100%) had no blasts in the bone marrow that was considered as complete remission (CR). The CR rate was 100% within 6 months and 12 months and 81.8% within 2 years after the treatments. Evaluation of OS, CR, and DFS regarding 6, 12, and 24 months showed 100% for all items after 6 and 12 months. After 24 months, the CR was 90.9%, the OS was 81.8% and the DFS was 90.9%. None of the patients died during the induction phase and during the 12 months study. No side effects were observed. Conclusion The PETHEMA ALL-96 had high feasibility and survival rates with no side effects during the study course. It is believed that PETHEMA ALL-96 regimen has beneficial outcomes in young patients with ALL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farzaneh Ashrafi
- Aquired Immunodeficiency Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Alireza Sadeghi
- Department of Hematology-Oncology, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Ali Derakhshandeh
- Department of Hematology-Oncology, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Padideh Oghab
- Department of Hematology-Oncology, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
- Address for correspondence: Dr. Padideh Oghab, School of Medicine, Al-zahra Hospital, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran. E-mail:
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Lee JK, Rosales JL, Lee KY. Requirement for ER-mitochondria Ca 2+ transfer, ROS production and mPTP formation in L-asparaginase-induced apoptosis of acute lymphoblastic leukemia cells. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1124164. [PMID: 36895789 PMCID: PMC9988955 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1124164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (aLL) is a malignant cancer in the blood and bone marrow characterized by rapid expansion of lymphoblasts. It is a common pediatric cancer and the principal basis of cancer death in children. Previously, we reported that L-asparaginase, a key component of acute lymphoblastic leukemia chemotherapy, causes IP3R-mediated ER Ca2+ release, which contributes to a fatal rise in [Ca2+]cyt, eliciting aLL cell apoptosis via upregulation of the Ca2+-regulated caspase pathway (Blood, 133, 2222-2232). However, the cellular events leading to the rise in [Ca2+]cyt following L-asparaginase-induced ER Ca2+ release remain obscure. Here, we show that in acute lymphoblastic leukemia cells, L-asparaginase causes mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP) formation that is dependent on IP3R-mediated ER Ca2+ release. This is substantiated by the lack of L-asparaginase-induced ER Ca2+ release and loss of mitochondrial permeability transition pore formation in cells depleted of HAP1, a key component of the functional IP3R/HAP1/Htt ER Ca2+ channel. L-asparaginase induces ER Ca2+ transfer into mitochondria, which evokes an increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS) level. L-asparaginase-induced rise in mitochondrial Ca2+ and reactive oxygen species production cause mitochondrial permeability transition pore formation that then leads to an increase in [Ca2+]cyt. Such rise in [Ca2+]cyt is inhibited by Ruthenium red (RuR), an inhibitor of the mitochondrial calcium uniporter (MCU) that is required for mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake, and cyclosporine A (CsA), an mitochondrial permeability transition pore inhibitor. Blocking ER-mitochondria Ca2+ transfer, mitochondrial ROS production, and/or mitochondrial permeability transition pore formation inhibit L-asparaginase-induced apoptosis. Taken together, these findings fill in the gaps in our understanding of the Ca2+-mediated mechanisms behind L-asparaginase-induced apoptosis in acute lymphoblastic leukemia cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung Kwon Lee
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Arnie Charbonneau Cancer and Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institutes, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Jesusa L Rosales
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Arnie Charbonneau Cancer and Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institutes, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Ki-Young Lee
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Arnie Charbonneau Cancer and Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institutes, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
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Strzelczyk P, Zhang D, Wlodawer A, Lubkowski J. The E. coli L-asparaginase V27T mutant: structural and functional characterization and comparison with theoretical predictions. FEBS Lett 2022; 596:3060-3068. [PMID: 36310372 PMCID: PMC10673687 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.14526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Bacterial L-asparaginases have been used for over 40 years as anticancer drugs. Ardalan et al. (Medical Hypotheses 112, 7-17, 2018) proposed that the V27T mutant of Escherichia coli type II L-asparaginase, EcAII(V27T), should display altered biophysical and catalytic properties compared to the wild-type enzyme, EcAII(wt), rendering it more favourable as a pharmaceutical. They postulated that EcAII(V27T) would exhibit reduced glutaminolytic activity and be more stable compared to EcAII(wt). Their postulates, however, were purely theoretical. Here, we characterized experimentally selected properties of EcAII(V27T). We found asparaginolytic activity of this mutant unchanged, whereas its glutaminolytic activity was fourfold lower compared with EcAII(wt). We did not observe significant differences in stabilities of EcAII(wt) and EcAII(V27T). Crystal structures of the complexes with L-Asp and L-Glu showed considerable differences in binding modes of both substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pawel Strzelczyk
- Center for Structural Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Di Zhang
- Center for Structural Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Alexander Wlodawer
- Center for Structural Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Jacek Lubkowski
- Center for Structural Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD, USA
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CD8 + T cell metabolic rewiring defined by scRNA-seq identifies a critical role of ASNS expression dynamics in T cell differentiation. Cell Rep 2022; 41:111639. [PMID: 36384124 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.111639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Revised: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
T cells dynamically rewire their metabolism during an immune response. We applied single-cell RNA sequencing to CD8+ T cells activated and differentiated in vitro in physiological medium to resolve these metabolic dynamics. We identify a differential time-dependent reliance of activating T cells on the synthesis versus uptake of various non-essential amino acids, which we corroborate with functional assays. We also identify metabolic genes that potentially dictate the outcome of T cell differentiation, by ranking them based on their expression dynamics. Among them, we find asparagine synthetase (Asns), whose expression peaks for effector T cells and decays toward memory formation. Disrupting these expression dynamics by ASNS overexpression promotes an effector phenotype, enhancing the anti-tumor response of adoptively transferred CD8+ T cells in a mouse melanoma model. We thus provide a resource of dynamic expression changes during CD8+ T cell activation and differentiation, and identify ASNS expression dynamics as a modulator of CD8+ T cell differentiation.
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Champagne J, Mordente K, Nagel R, Agami R. Slippy-Sloppy translation: a tale of programmed and induced-ribosomal frameshifting. Trends Genet 2022; 38:1123-1133. [PMID: 35641342 DOI: 10.1016/j.tig.2022.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Revised: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Programmed ribosomal frameshifting (PRF) is a key mechanism that viruses use to generate essential proteins for replication, and as a means of regulating gene expression. PRF generally involves recoding signals or frameshift stimulators to elevate the occurrence of frameshifting at shift-prone 'slippery' sequences. Given its essential role in viral replication, targeting PRF was envisioned as an attractive tool to block viral infection. However, in contrast to controlled-PRF mechanisms, recent studies have shown that ribosomes of many human cancer cell types are prone to frameshifting upon amino acid shortage; thus, these cells are deemed to be sloppy. The resulting products of a sloppy frameshift at the 'hungry' codons are aberrant proteins the degradation and display of which at the cell surface can trigger T cell activation. In this review, we address recent discoveries in ribosomal frameshifting and their functional consequences for the proteome in human cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien Champagne
- Division of Oncogenomics, Oncode Institute, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Kelly Mordente
- Division of Oncogenomics, Oncode Institute, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Remco Nagel
- Division of Oncogenomics, Oncode Institute, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Reuven Agami
- Division of Oncogenomics, Oncode Institute, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Erasmus MC, Rotterdam University, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
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Molecular Characterization of a Stable and Robust L-Asparaginase from Pseudomonas sp. PCH199: Evaluation of Cytotoxicity and Acrylamide Mitigation Potential. FERMENTATION-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/fermentation8100568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
L-asparaginase is an important industrial enzyme widely used to treat acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and to reduce acrylamide formation in food products. In the current study, a stable and robust L-asparaginase from Pseudomonas sp. PCH199, with a high affinity for L-asparagine, was cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli BL21(DE3). Recombinant L-asparaginase (Pg-ASNase II) was purified with a monomer size of 37.0 kDa and a native size of 148.0 kDa. During characterization, Pg-ASNase II exhibited 75.8 ± 3.84 U/mg specific activities in 50.0 mM Tris-HCl buffer (pH 8.5) at 50 °C. However, it retained 80 and 70% enzyme activity at 37 °C and 50 °C after 60 min, respectively. The half-life and kd values were 625.15 min and 1.10 × 10−3 min−1 at 37 °C. The kinetic constant Km, Vmax, kcat, and kcat/Km values were 0.57 mM, 71.42 U/mg, 43.34 s−1, and 77.90 ± 9.81 s−1 mM−1 for L-asparagine, respectively. In addition, the enzyme has shown stability in the presence of most metal ions and protein-modifying agents. Pg-ASNase II was cytotoxic towards the MCF-7 cell line (breast cancer) with an estimated IC50 value of 0.169 U/mL in 24 h. Further, Pg-ASNase II treatment led to a 70% acrylamide reduction in baked foods. These findings suggest the potential of Pg-ASNase II in therapeutics and the food industry.
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Johnson S, Dhamne C, Sankaran H, Gandhi KA, Rane P, Moulik NR, Jadhav SM, Gurjar M, Narula G, Banavali S, Gota V. A prospective, open-label, randomised, parallel design study of 4 generic formulations of intramuscular L-asparaginase in childhood precursor B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL). Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2022; 90:445-453. [PMID: 36251032 DOI: 10.1007/s00280-022-04482-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
AIMS L-asparaginase is an essential medicine for childhood ALL. The quality of generic L-asparaginase available in India is a matter of concern. We compared four commonly used generic formulations of L-asparaginase in India. MATERIALS AND METHODS We conducted a prospective, open-label, randomised trial of four generic formulations of asparaginase for the treatment of patients with newly diagnosed intermediate-risk B-ALL. Patients were randomly assigned in a 1:1:1:1 ratio to receive generic asparaginase at a dose of at 10,000 IU/m 2 on days 9, 12, 15, and 18 of a 35-day cycle (Induction treatment). The primary end points were to determine the difference in the asparaginase activity and asparagine depletion. Historical patients who received L-asparaginase Medac (innovator) served as controls. RESULTS A total of 48 patients underwent randomization; 12 patients each in the four arms. Failure to achieve predefined activity threshold of 100 IU/L was observed in 9/40 samples of Generic A (22·5%), 23/40 of Generic B (57·5%), and 43/44 (98%) each of Generic C and D. All 27 samples from seven historical patients who were administered Medac had activity > 100 IU/L. The average activity was significantly higher for Genericm A, 154 (70·3, 285·4) IU/L followed by Generic B 84·5(44·2, 289·1) IU/L, Generic C 45(14·4, 58·4) IU/L, and Generic D 20·4(13, 35) IU/L. Only 6 patients had asparaginase activity > 100 IU/L on each of the four occasions (Generic A = 5; Generic B = 1), and none of them developed Anti-Asparaginase Antibodies (AAA). On the other hand, AAA was observed in 12/36 patients who had at least one level < 100 IU/L (P < 0·05): Generic A 3/5, Generic B = 3/9, Generic D (4/11), and Generic C (5/11). CONCLUSION Generic A and B had better trough asparaginase activity compared to Generic D and C. Overall, generic formulations had lower asparaginase activity which raises serious clinical concerns regarding their quality. Until strict regulatory enforcement improves the quality of these generics, dose adaptive approaches coupled with therapeutic drug monitoring need to be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suja Johnson
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Centre, Navi Mumbai, 410210, India
| | - Chetan Dhamne
- Department of Paediatric Oncology, Tata Memorial Centre, Mumbai, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai, 400094, India
| | - Hari Sankaran
- Department of Paediatric Oncology, Tata Memorial Centre, Mumbai, India
| | - Khushboo A Gandhi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Centre, Navi Mumbai, 410210, India
| | - Pallavi Rane
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Centre, Navi Mumbai, 410210, India
| | - Nirmaly Roy Moulik
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Centre, Navi Mumbai, 410210, India
- Department of Paediatric Oncology, Tata Memorial Centre, Mumbai, India
| | - Shraddha Mahesh Jadhav
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Centre, Navi Mumbai, 410210, India
| | - Murari Gurjar
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Centre, Navi Mumbai, 410210, India
| | - Gaurav Narula
- Department of Paediatric Oncology, Tata Memorial Centre, Mumbai, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai, 400094, India
| | - Shripad Banavali
- Department of Paediatric Oncology, Tata Memorial Centre, Mumbai, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai, 400094, India
| | - Vikram Gota
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Centre, Navi Mumbai, 410210, India.
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai, 400094, India.
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Angka L, Tanese de Souza C, Baxter KE, Khan ST, Market M, Martel AB, Tai LH, Kennedy MA, Bell JC, Auer RC. Perioperative arginine prevents metastases by accelerating natural killer cell recovery after surgery. Mol Ther 2022; 30:3270-3283. [PMID: 35619558 PMCID: PMC9552810 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2022.05.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Revised: 05/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/21/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Profound natural killer (NK) cell suppression after cancer surgery is a main driver of metastases and recurrence, for which there is no clinically approved intervention available. Surgical stress is known to cause systemic postoperative changes that negatively modulate NK cell function including the expansion of surgery-induced myeloid-derived suppressor cells (Sx-MDSCs) and a marked reduction in arginine bioavailability. In this study, we determine that Sx-MDSCs regulate systemic arginine levels in the postoperative period and that restoring arginine imbalance after surgery by dietary intake alone was sufficient to significantly reduce surgery-induced metastases in our preclinical murine models. Importantly, the effects of perioperative arginine were dependent upon NK cells. Although perioperative arginine did not prevent immediate NK cell immunoparalysis after surgery, it did accelerate their return to preoperative cytotoxicity, interferon gamma secretion, and activating receptor expression. Finally, in a cohort of patients with colorectal cancer, postoperative arginine levels were shown to correlate with their Sx-MDSC levels. Therefore, this study lends further support for the use of perioperative arginine supplementation by improving NK cell recovery after surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonard Angka
- Cancer Therapeutics Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L6, Canada; Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology & Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L1, Canada
| | | | - Katherine E Baxter
- Cancer Therapeutics Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L6, Canada
| | - Sarwat T Khan
- Cancer Therapeutics Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L6, Canada
| | - Marisa Market
- Cancer Therapeutics Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L6, Canada; Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology & Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L1, Canada
| | - Andre B Martel
- Cancer Therapeutics Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L6, Canada; Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology & Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L1, Canada; Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L1, Canada
| | - Lee-Hwa Tai
- Department of Immunology & Cell Biology, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1K 2R1, Canada
| | - Michael A Kennedy
- Cancer Therapeutics Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L6, Canada
| | - John C Bell
- Cancer Therapeutics Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L6, Canada; Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology & Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L1, Canada
| | - Rebecca C Auer
- Cancer Therapeutics Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L6, Canada; Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology & Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L1, Canada; Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L1, Canada; Centre for Infection, Immunity, and Inflammation, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L1, Canada.
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Dhankhar R, Kawatra A, Gupta V, Mohanty A, Gulati P. In silico and in vitro analysis of arginine deiminase from Pseudomonas furukawaii as a potential anticancer enzyme. 3 Biotech 2022; 12:220. [PMID: 35971334 PMCID: PMC9374873 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-022-03292-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Arginine deiminase (ADI), a promising anticancer enzyme from Mycoplasma hominis, is currently in phase III of clinical trials for the treatment of arginine auxotrophic tumors. However, it has been associated with several drawbacks in terms of low stability at human physiological conditions, high immunogenicity, hypersensitivity and systemic toxicity. In our previous work, Pseudomonas furukawaii 24 was identified as a potent producer of ADI with optimum activity under physiological conditions. In the present study, phylogenetic analysis of microbial ADIs indicated P. furukawaii ADI (PfADI) to be closely related to experimentally characterized ADIs of Pseudomonas sp. with proven anticancer activity. Immunoinformatics analysis was performed indicating lower immunogenicity of PfADI than MhADI (M. hominis ADI) both in terms of number of linear and conformational B-cell epitopes and T-cell epitope density. Overall antigenicity and allergenicity of PfADI was also lower as compared to MhADI, suggesting the applicability of PfADI as an alternative anticancer biotherapeutic. Hence, in vitro experiments were performed in which the ADI coding arcA gene of P. furukawaii was cloned and expressed in E. coli BL21. Recombinant ADI of P. furukawaii was purified, characterized and its anticancer activity was assessed. The enzyme was stable at human physiological conditions (pH 7 and 37 °C) with Km of 1.90 mM. PfADI was found to effectively inhibit the HepG2 cells with an IC50 value of 0.1950 IU/ml. Therefore, the current in silico and in vitro studies establish PfADI as a potential anticancer drug candidate with improved efficacy and low immunogenicity. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13205-022-03292-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rakhi Dhankhar
- Medical Microbiology and Bioprocess Technology Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana India
| | - Anubhuti Kawatra
- Medical Microbiology and Bioprocess Technology Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana India
| | - Vatika Gupta
- Medical Microbiology and Bioprocess Technology Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana India
- Molecular Biology and Genetic Engineering Laboratory, School of Biotechnology, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
| | - Aparajita Mohanty
- Bioinformatics Infrastructure Facility, Gargi College, University of Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - Pooja Gulati
- Medical Microbiology and Bioprocess Technology Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana India
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50
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de Souza Guimarães M, Cachumba JJM, Bueno CZ, Torres-Obreque KM, Lara GVR, Monteiro G, Barbosa LRS, Pessoa A, Rangel-Yagui CDO. Peg-Grafted Liposomes for L-Asparaginase Encapsulation. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:1819. [PMID: 36145567 PMCID: PMC9503594 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14091819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
L-asparaginase (ASNase) is an important biological drug used to treat Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL). It catalyzes the hydrolysis of L-asparagine (Asn) in the bloodstream and, since ALL cells cannot synthesize Asn, protein synthesis is impaired leading to apoptosis. Despite its therapeutic importance, ASNase treatment is associated to side effects, mainly hypersensitivity and immunogenicity. Furthermore, degradation by plasma proteases and immunogenicity shortens the enzyme half-life. Encapsulation of ASNase in liposomes, nanostructures formed by the self-aggregation of phospholipids, is an attractive alternative to protect the enzyme from plasma proteases and enhance pharmacokinetics profile. In addition, PEGylation might prolong the in vivo circulation of liposomes owing to the spherical shielding conferred by the polyethylene (PEG) corona around the nanostructures. In this paper, ASNase was encapsulated in liposomal formulations composed by 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DOPC) or 1,2-dimyristoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DMPC) containing or not different concentrations of 1,2-distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine-N [methoxy (polyethylene glycol)-2000] (DSPE-PEG). Nanostructures of approximately 142-202 nm of diameter and polydispersity index (PDI) of 0.069 to 0.190 were obtained and the vesicular shape confirmed by Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM and cryo-TEM). The encapsulation efficiency (%EE) varied from 10% to 16%. All formulations presented activity in contact with ASNase substrate, indicating the liposomes permeability to Asn and/or enzyme adsorption at the nanostructures' surface; the highest activity was observed for DMPC/DSPE-PEG 10%. Finally, we investigated the activity against the Molt 4 leukemic cell line and found a lower IC50 for the DMPC/DSPE-PEG 10% formulation in comparison to the free enzyme, indicating our system could provide in vivo activity while protecting the enzyme from immune system recognition and proteases degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina de Souza Guimarães
- Department of Biochemical and Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, SP, Brazil
| | - Jorge Javier Muso Cachumba
- Department of Biochemical and Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, SP, Brazil
| | - Cecilia Zorzi Bueno
- Department of Biochemical and Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, SP, Brazil
| | - Karin Mariana Torres-Obreque
- Department of Biochemical and Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, SP, Brazil
| | - Grace Verónica Ruiz Lara
- Department of Biochemical and Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, SP, Brazil
| | - Gisele Monteiro
- Department of Biochemical and Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, SP, Brazil
| | - Leandro Ramos Souza Barbosa
- Department of General Physics, Institute of Physics, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, SP, Brazil
- Brazilian Synchrotron Light Laboratory (LNLS), Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), Campinas 13083-100, SP, Brazil
| | - Adalberto Pessoa
- Department of Biochemical and Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, SP, Brazil
| | - Carlota de Oliveira Rangel-Yagui
- Department of Biochemical and Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, SP, Brazil
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