1
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Yu L, Bennett CJ, Lin CH, Yan S, Yang J. Scaffold design considerations for peripheral nerve regeneration. J Neural Eng 2024; 21:041001. [PMID: 38996412 DOI: 10.1088/1741-2552/ad628d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 07/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024]
Abstract
Peripheral nerve injury (PNI) represents a serious clinical and public health problem due to its high incurrence and poor spontaneous recovery. Compared to autograft, which is still the best current practice for long-gap peripheral nerve defects in clinics, the use of polymer-based biodegradable nerve guidance conduits (NGCs) has been gaining momentum as an alternative to guide the repair of severe PNI without the need of secondary surgery and donor nerve tissue. However, simple hollow cylindrical tubes can barely outperform autograft in terms of the regenerative efficiency especially in critical sized PNI. With the rapid development of tissue engineering technology and materials science, various functionalized NGCs have emerged to enhance nerve regeneration over the past decades. From the aspect of scaffold design considerations, with a specific focus on biodegradable polymers, this review aims to summarize the recent advances in NGCs by addressing the onerous demands of biomaterial selections, structural designs, and manufacturing techniques that contributes to the biocompatibility, degradation rate, mechanical properties, drug encapsulation and release efficiency, immunomodulation, angiogenesis, and the overall nerve regeneration potential of NGCs. In addition, several commercially available NGCs along with their regulation pathways and clinical applications are compared and discussed. Lastly, we discuss the current challenges and future directions attempting to provide inspiration for the future design of ideal NGCs that can completely cure long-gap peripheral nerve defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le Yu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, United States of America
| | - Carly Jane Bennett
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, United States of America
| | - Chung-Hsun Lin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, United States of America
| | - Su Yan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, United States of America
| | - Jian Yang
- Biomedical Engineering Program, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310030, People's Republic of China
- Research Center for Industries of the Future, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310030, People's Republic of China
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Agarwal G, Shumard S, McCrary MW, Osborne O, Santiago JM, Ausec B, Schmidt CE. Decellularized porcine peripheral nerve based injectable hydrogels as a Schwann cell carrier for injured spinal cord regeneration. J Neural Eng 2024; 21:046002. [PMID: 38885674 DOI: 10.1088/1741-2552/ad5939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
Objective.To develop a clinically relevant injectable hydrogel derived from decellularized porcine peripheral nerves and with mechanical properties comparable to native central nervous system (CNS) tissue to be used as a delivery vehicle for Schwann cell transplantation to treat spinal cord injury (SCI).Approach.Porcine peripheral nerves (sciatic and peroneal) were decellularized by chemical decellularization using a sodium deoxycholate and DNase (SDD) method previously developed by our group. The decellularized nerves were delipidated using dichloromethane and ethanol solvent and then digested using pepsin enzyme to form injectable hydrogel formulations. Genipin was used as a crosslinker to enhance mechanical properties. The injectability, mechanical properties, and gelation kinetics of the hydrogels were further analyzed using rheology. Schwann cells encapsulated within the injectable hydrogel formulations were passed through a 25-gauge needle and cell viability was assessed using live/dead staining. The ability of the hydrogel to maintain Schwann cell viability against an inflammatory milieu was assessedin vitrousing inflamed astrocytes co-cultured with Schwann cells.Mainresults. The SDD method effectively removes cells and retains extracellular matrix in decellularized tissues. Using rheological studies, we found that delipidation of decellularized porcine peripheral nerves using dichloromethane and ethanol solvent improves gelation kinetics and mechanical strength of hydrogels. The delipidated and decellularized hydrogels crosslinked using genipin mimicked the mechanical strength of CNS tissue. The hydrogels were found to have shear thinning properties desirable for injectable formulations and they also maintained higher Schwann cell viability during injection compared to saline controls. Usingin vitroco-culture experiments, we found that the genipin-crosslinked hydrogels also protected Schwann cells from astrocyte-mediated inflammation.Significance. Injectable hydrogels developed using delipidated and decellularized porcine peripheral nerves are a potential clinically relevant solution to deliver Schwann cells, and possibly other therapeutic cells, at the SCI site by maintaining higher cellular viability and increasing therapeutic efficacy for SCI treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gopal Agarwal
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, Herbert Wertheim College of Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, United States of America
| | - Samantha Shumard
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, Herbert Wertheim College of Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, United States of America
| | - Michaela W McCrary
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, Herbert Wertheim College of Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, United States of America
| | - Olivia Osborne
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, Herbert Wertheim College of Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, United States of America
| | - Jorge Mojica Santiago
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, Herbert Wertheim College of Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, United States of America
| | - Breanna Ausec
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, Herbert Wertheim College of Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, United States of America
| | - Christine E Schmidt
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, Herbert Wertheim College of Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, United States of America
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Karimi F, Alizadeh M, Bitaraf FS, Shirshahi V. Enhancing electrical conductivity and mechanical properties of decellularized umbilical cord arteries using graphene coatings. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2024; 112:e35448. [PMID: 38968133 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.35448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/07/2024]
Abstract
Traditional decellularized bioscaffolds possessing intact vascular networks and unique architecture have been extensively studied as conduits for repairing nerve damage. However, they are limited by the absence of electrical conductivity, which is crucial for proper functioning of nervous tissue. This study focuses on investigating decellularized umbilical cord arteries by applying coatings of graphene oxide (GO) and reduced graphene oxide (RGO) to their inner surfaces. This resulted in a homogeneous GO coating that fully covered the internal lumen of the arteries. The results of electrical measurements demonstrated that the conductivity of the scaffolds could be significantly enhanced by incorporating RGO and GO conductive sheets. At a low frequency of 0.1 Hz, the electrical resistance level of the coated scaffolds decreased by 99.8% with RGO and 98.21% with GO, compared with uncoated scaffolds. Additionally, the mechanical properties of the arteries improved by 24.69% with GO and 32.9% with RGO after the decellularization process. The GO and RGO coatings did not compromise the adhesion of endothelial cells and promoted cell growth. The cytotoxicity tests revealed that cell survival rate increased over time with RGO, while it decreased with GO, indicating the time-dependent effect on the cytotoxicity of GO and RGO. Blood compatibility evaluations showed that graphene nanomaterials did not induce hemolysis but exhibited some tendency toward blood coagulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fateme Karimi
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran
| | - Morteza Alizadeh
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Biomaterials, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Fateme Sadat Bitaraf
- Department of Basic Sciences, School of Medicine, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran
| | - Vahid Shirshahi
- Department of Basic Sciences, School of Medicine, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran
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4
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Ma Y, Zhang R, Mao X, Li X, Li T, Liang F, He J, Wen L, Wang W, Li X, Zhang Y, Yu H, Lu B, Yu T, Ao Q. Preparation of PLCL/ECM nerve conduits by electrostatic spinning technique and evaluation in vitroand in vivo. J Neural Eng 2024; 21:026028. [PMID: 38572924 DOI: 10.1088/1741-2552/ad3851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
Objective. Artificial nerve scaffolds composed of polymers have attracted great attention as an alternative for autologous nerve grafts recently. Due to their poor bioactivity, satisfactory nerve repair could not be achieved. To solve this problem, we introduced extracellular matrix (ECM) to optimize the materials.Approach.In this study, the ECM extracted from porcine nerves was mixed with Poly(L-Lactide-co-ϵ-caprolactone) (PLCL), and the innovative PLCL/ECM nerve repair conduits were prepared by electrostatic spinning technology. The novel conduits were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), tensile properties, and suture retention strength test for micromorphology and mechanical strength. The biosafety and biocompatibility of PLCL/ECM nerve conduits were evaluated by cytotoxicity assay with Mouse fibroblast cells and cell adhesion assay with RSC 96 cells, and the effects of PLCL/ECM nerve conduits on the gene expression in Schwann cells was analyzed by real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Moreover, a 10 mm rat (Male Wistar rat) sciatic defect was bridged with a PLCL/ECM nerve conduit, and nerve regeneration was evaluated by walking track, mid-shank circumference, electrophysiology, and histomorphology analyses.Main results.The results showed that PLCL/ECM conduits have similar microstructure and mechanical strength compared with PLCL conduits. The cytotoxicity assay demonstrates better biosafety and biocompatibility of PLCL/ECM nerve conduits. And the cell adhesion assay further verifies that the addition of ECM is more beneficial to cell adhesion and proliferation. RT-PCR showed that the PLCL/ECM nerve conduit was more favorable to the gene expression of functional proteins of Schwann cells. Thein vivoresults indicated that PLCL/ECM nerve conduits possess excellent biocompatibility and exhibit a superior capacity to promote peripheral nerve repair.Significance.The addition of ECM significantly improved the biocompatibility and bioactivity of PLCL, while the PLCL/ECM nerve conduit gained the appropriate mechanical strength from PLCL, which has great potential for clinical repair of peripheral nerve injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yizhan Ma
- Department of Tissue Engineering, School of Intelligent Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Runze Zhang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Steel Technology, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyan Mao
- Department of Tissue Engineering, School of Intelligent Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
- China (Nanchang) Intellectual Property Protection Center, Nanchang, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoming Li
- Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Ting Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Fang Liang
- Department of Tissue Engineering, School of Intelligent Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing He
- Department of Tissue Engineering, School of Intelligent Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Lili Wen
- Department of Tissue Engineering, School of Intelligent Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Weizuo Wang
- Department of Tissue Engineering, School of Intelligent Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao Li
- Department of Tissue Engineering, School of Intelligent Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanhui Zhang
- Department of Tissue Engineering, School of Intelligent Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Honghao Yu
- Department of Tissue Engineering, School of Intelligent Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Binhan Lu
- School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, University of Science and Technology Liaoning, Anshan, People's Republic of China
| | - Tianhao Yu
- The VIP Department, School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiang Ao
- Department of Tissue Engineering, School of Intelligent Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Control of Tissue Regenerative Biomaterial & Institute of Regulatory Science for Medical Device & National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
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Redolfi Riva E, Özkan M, Contreras E, Pawar S, Zinno C, Escarda-Castro E, Kim J, Wieringa P, Stellacci F, Micera S, Navarro X. Beyond the limiting gap length: peripheral nerve regeneration through implantable nerve guidance conduits. Biomater Sci 2024; 12:1371-1404. [PMID: 38363090 DOI: 10.1039/d3bm01163a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
Peripheral nerve damage results in the loss of sensorimotor and autonomic functions, which is a significant burden to patients. Furthermore, nerve injuries greater than the limiting gap length require surgical repair. Although autografts are the preferred clinical choice, their usage is impeded by their limited availability, dimensional mismatch, and the sacrifice of another functional donor nerve. Accordingly, nerve guidance conduits, which are tubular scaffolds engineered to provide a biomimetic environment for nerve regeneration, have emerged as alternatives to autografts. Consequently, a few nerve guidance conduits have received clinical approval for the repair of short-mid nerve gaps but failed to regenerate limiting gap damage, which represents the bottleneck of this technology. Thus, it is still necessary to optimize the morphology and constituent materials of conduits. This review summarizes the recent advances in nerve conduit technology. Several manufacturing techniques and conduit designs are discussed, with emphasis on the structural improvement of simple hollow tubes, additive manufacturing techniques, and decellularized grafts. The main objective of this review is to provide a critical overview of nerve guidance conduit technology to support regeneration in long nerve defects, promote future developments, and speed up its clinical translation as a reliable alternative to autografts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugenio Redolfi Riva
- The Biorobotic Institute, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Piazza Martiri della Libertà 33, 56127 Pisa, Italy.
- Department of Excellence in Robotics & AI, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Piazza Martiri della Libertà 33, 56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - Melis Özkan
- Institute of Materials, école Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
- Bertarelli Foundation Chair in Translational Neural Engineering, Center for Neuroprosthetics and Institute of Bioengineering, école Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Estefania Contreras
- Integral Service for Laboratory Animals (SIAL), Faculty of Veterinary, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Institute of Neurosciences, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), 08193 Bellaterra, Spain.
| | - Sujeet Pawar
- Institute of Materials, école Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Ciro Zinno
- The Biorobotic Institute, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Piazza Martiri della Libertà 33, 56127 Pisa, Italy.
- Department of Excellence in Robotics & AI, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Piazza Martiri della Libertà 33, 56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - Enrique Escarda-Castro
- Complex Tissue Regeneration Department, MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Jaehyeon Kim
- Complex Tissue Regeneration Department, MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Paul Wieringa
- Complex Tissue Regeneration Department, MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Francesco Stellacci
- Institute of Materials, école Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
- Institute of Materials, Department of Bioengineering and Global Health Institute, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Station 12, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Silvestro Micera
- The Biorobotic Institute, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Piazza Martiri della Libertà 33, 56127 Pisa, Italy.
- Department of Excellence in Robotics & AI, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Piazza Martiri della Libertà 33, 56127 Pisa, Italy
- Bertarelli Foundation Chair in Translational Neural Engineering, Center for Neuroprosthetics and Institute of Bioengineering, école Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Xavier Navarro
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Institute of Neurosciences, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), 08193 Bellaterra, Spain.
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), 28031 Madrid, Spain
- Institute Guttmann Foundation, Hospital of Neurorehabilitation, Badalona, Spain
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Yamamoto O, Saito R, Ohseki Y, Hoshino A. Nerve Regeneration and Gait Function Recovery with Implantation of Glucose/Mannose Conduits Using a Rat Model: Efficacy of Glucose/Mannose as a New Neurological Guidance Material. Bioengineering (Basel) 2024; 11:157. [PMID: 38391643 PMCID: PMC10886352 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering11020157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Therapy with clinical nerve guidance conduits often causes functional incompleteness in patients. With the aim of better therapeutic efficacy, nerve regeneration and gait function were investigated in this study using a novel nerve guidance conduit consisting of glucose/mannose. The glucose/mannose nerve guidance conduits were prepared by filling the conduits with the glucose/mannose aqueous solutions for different kinematic viscosity, which were applied to sciatic nerve defects (6 mm gap) in a rat model. The nerve regeneration effect and the gait function recovery with the fabricated nerve guidance conduits were examined. From the results of the XRD measurement, the glucose/mannose conduits were identified as crystal structures of cellulose type II. Young's modulus and the maximum tensile strength of the crystalline glucose/mannose conduits demonstrated good strength and softness for the human nerve. Above 4 weeks postoperative, macroscopic observation revealed that the nerve was regenerated in the defective area. In various staining results of the nerve tissue removed at 4 weeks postoperative, myelinated nerves contributing to gait function could not be observed in the proximal and distal sites to the central nerve. At 8-12 weeks postoperative, myelinated nerves were found at the proximal and distal sites in hematoxylin/eosin staining. Glia cells were confirmed by phosphotungstic acid-hematoxylin staining. Continuous nerve fibers were observed clearly in the sections of the regenerated nerves towards the longitudinal direction at 12 weeks postoperative. The angle between the metatarsophalangeal joint and the ground plane was approximately 93° in intact rats. At 4 weeks postoperative, walking was not possible, but at 8 weeks postoperative, the rats were able to walk, with an angle of 53°. At 12 weeks postoperative, the angle increased further, reaching 65°, confirming that the rats were able to walk more quickly than at 8 weeks postoperative. These results demonstrated that gait function in rats treated with glucose/mannose nerve guidance conduits was rapidly recovered after 8 weeks postoperative. The glucose/mannose nerve guidance conduit could be applied as a new promising candidate material for peripheral nerve regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Osamu Yamamoto
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Yamagata University, 4-3-16 Jonan, Yonezawa 992-8510, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Risa Saito
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Yamagata University, 4-3-16 Jonan, Yonezawa 992-8510, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Yuta Ohseki
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Yamagata University, 4-3-16 Jonan, Yonezawa 992-8510, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Asami Hoshino
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Yamagata University, 4-3-16 Jonan, Yonezawa 992-8510, Yamagata, Japan
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Zhang M, An H, Gu Z, Zhang YC, Wan T, Jiang HR, Zhang FS, Jiang BG, Han N, Wen YQ, Zhang PX. Multifunctional wet-adhesive chitosan/acrylic conduit for sutureless repair of peripheral nerve injuries. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 253:126793. [PMID: 37709238 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.126793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
The incidence of peripheral nerve injury (PNI) is high worldwide, and a poor prognosis is common. Surgical closure and repair of the affected area are crucial to ensure the effective treatment of peripheral nerve injuries. Despite being the standard treatment approach, reliance on sutures to seal the severed nerve ends introduces several limitations and restrictions. This technique is intricate and time-consuming, and the application of threading and punctate sutures may lead to tissue damage and heightened tension concentrations, thus increasing the risk of fixation failure and local inflammation. This study aimed to develop easily implantable chitosan-based peripheral nerve repair conduits that combine acrylic acid and cleavable N-hydroxysuccinimide to reduce nerve damage during repair. In ex vivo tissue adhesion tests, the conduit achieved maximal interfacial toughness of 705 J m-2 ± 30 J m-2, allowing continuous bridging of the severed nerve ends. Adhesive repair significantly reduces local inflammation caused by conventional sutures, and the positive charge of chitosan disrupts the bacterial cell wall and reduces implant-related infections. This promises to open new avenues for sutureless nerve repair and reliable medical implants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics and Trauma, Peking University People's Hospital, Key Laboratory of Trauma and Neural Regeneration, Peking University, National Center for Trauma Medicine, Beijing 100044, China.
| | - Heng An
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Bioengineering and Sensing Technology, Daxing Research Institute, School of Chemistry & Biological Engineering, University of Science & Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Zhen Gu
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Bioengineering and Sensing Technology, Daxing Research Institute, School of Chemistry & Biological Engineering, University of Science & Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Yi-Chong Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics and Trauma, Peking University People's Hospital, Key Laboratory of Trauma and Neural Regeneration, Peking University, National Center for Trauma Medicine, Beijing 100044, China.
| | - Teng Wan
- Department of Orthopedics and Trauma, Peking University People's Hospital, Key Laboratory of Trauma and Neural Regeneration, Peking University, National Center for Trauma Medicine, Beijing 100044, China.
| | - Hao-Ran Jiang
- Department of Orthopedics and Trauma, Peking University People's Hospital, Key Laboratory of Trauma and Neural Regeneration, Peking University, National Center for Trauma Medicine, Beijing 100044, China.
| | - Feng-Shi Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics and Trauma, Peking University People's Hospital, Key Laboratory of Trauma and Neural Regeneration, Peking University, National Center for Trauma Medicine, Beijing 100044, China.
| | - Bao-Guo Jiang
- Department of Orthopedics and Trauma, Peking University People's Hospital, Key Laboratory of Trauma and Neural Regeneration, Peking University, National Center for Trauma Medicine, Beijing 100044, China.
| | - Na Han
- Department of Orthopedics and Trauma, Peking University People's Hospital, Key Laboratory of Trauma and Neural Regeneration, Peking University, National Center for Trauma Medicine, Beijing 100044, China.
| | - Yong-Qiang Wen
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Bioengineering and Sensing Technology, Daxing Research Institute, School of Chemistry & Biological Engineering, University of Science & Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Pei-Xun Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics and Trauma, Peking University People's Hospital, Key Laboratory of Trauma and Neural Regeneration, Peking University, National Center for Trauma Medicine, Beijing 100044, China.
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8
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Mahdian M, Tabatabai TS, Abpeikar Z, Rezakhani L, Khazaei M. Nerve regeneration using decellularized tissues: challenges and opportunities. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1295563. [PMID: 37928728 PMCID: PMC10620322 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1295563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In tissue engineering, the decellularization of organs and tissues as a biological scaffold plays a critical role in the repair of neurodegenerative diseases. Various protocols for cell removal can distinguish the effects of treatment ability, tissue structure, and extracellular matrix (ECM) ability. Despite considerable progress in nerve regeneration and functional recovery, the slow regeneration and recovery potential of the central nervous system (CNS) remains a challenge. The success of neural tissue engineering is primarily influenced by composition, microstructure, and mechanical properties. The primary objective of restorative techniques is to guide existing axons properly toward the distal end of the damaged nerve and the target organs. However, due to the limitations of nerve autografts, researchers are seeking alternative methods with high therapeutic efficiency and without the limitations of autograft transplantation. Decellularization scaffolds, due to their lack of immunogenicity and the preservation of essential factors in the ECM and high angiogenic ability, provide a suitable three-dimensional (3D) substrate for the adhesion and growth of axons being repaired toward the target organs. This study focuses on mentioning the types of scaffolds used in nerve regeneration, and the methods of tissue decellularization, and specifically explores the use of decellularized nerve tissues (DNT) for nerve transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Mahdian
- Student Research Committee, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Tayebeh Sadat Tabatabai
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran
| | - Zahra Abpeikar
- Department of Tissue Engineering, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran
| | - Leila Rezakhani
- Fertility and Infertility Research Center, Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
- Department of Tissue Engineering, School of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Mozafar Khazaei
- Fertility and Infertility Research Center, Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
- Department of Tissue Engineering, School of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
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9
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Yin S, Zhou J, Wang J, Xia B, Chen G. Preparation and performance of electrically conductive decellularized nerve matrix hydrogel conduits. J Biomater Appl 2023; 38:471-483. [PMID: 37670570 DOI: 10.1177/08853282231200963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/07/2023]
Abstract
Peripheral nerve injury (PNI) is one of the major clinical treatment challenges following an impact on the body. When PNI manifests as nerve gaps, surgical connections and exogenous grafts are required. Recently, electrically conductive polymers (CPs) based nerve guidance conduits have yielded promising results for treating PNI. Polypyrrole (PPy) has become one of the most commonly used CPs in PNI repair due to its advantages of high conductivity and excellent biocompatibility. In this study, we combined different PPy concentrations with a chitosan (CS) temperature-sensitive hydrogel system containing decellularized nerve matrix (DNM) to construct the electrically conductive nerve conduits. We evaluated the physical and biological properties of four groups of nerve conduits. It was found that the PPy concentrations were proportional to the electrical conductivity of the nerve conduits. The mechanical properties of the nerve conduits increased with higher PPy concentrations but decreased when the PPy concentration was as high as 8%. Meanwhile, the co-blending of PPy and DNM gave the nerve conduit suitable degradation properties. Furthermore, in vitro cytotoxicity assay and live/dead assay demonstrated these conduits could support the adhesion and growth of cells. In summary, the electrically conductive nerve conduits with high conductivity, mechanical properties, biodegradation characteristics, and cytocompatibility had potential applications in the field of peripheral nerve regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiyun Yin
- School of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing, China
| | - Jiangyi Zhou
- School of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing, China
| | - Jinsong Wang
- School of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing, China
| | - Bin Xia
- Engineering Research Center for Waste Oil Recovery Technology and Equipment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing Technology and Business University, Chongqing, China
| | - Guobao Chen
- School of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing, China
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Wan T, Wang YL, Zhang FS, Zhang XM, Zhang YC, Jiang HR, Zhang M, Zhang PX. The Porous Structure of Peripheral Nerve Guidance Conduits: Features, Fabrication, and Implications for Peripheral Nerve Regeneration. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14132. [PMID: 37762437 PMCID: PMC10531895 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241814132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Porous structure is an important three-dimensional morphological feature of the peripheral nerve guidance conduit (NGC), which permits the infiltration of cells, nutrients, and molecular signals and the discharge of metabolic waste. Porous structures with precisely customized pore sizes, porosities, and connectivities are being used to construct fully permeable, semi-permeable, and asymmetric peripheral NGCs for the replacement of traditional nerve autografts in the treatment of long-segment peripheral nerve injury. In this review, the features of porous structures and the classification of NGCs based on these characteristics are discussed. Common methods for constructing 3D porous NGCs in current research are described, as well as the pore characteristics and the parameters used to tune the pores. The effects of the porous structure on the physical properties of NGCs, including biodegradation, mechanical performance, and permeability, were analyzed. Pore structure affects the biological behavior of Schwann cells, macrophages, fibroblasts, and vascular endothelial cells during peripheral nerve regeneration. The construction of ideal porous structures is a significant advancement in the regeneration of peripheral nerve tissue engineering materials. The purpose of this review is to generalize, summarize, and analyze methods for the preparation of porous NGCs and their biological functions in promoting peripheral nerve regeneration to guide the development of medical nerve repair materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teng Wan
- Department of OrthopedSics and Trauma, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing 100044, China; (T.W.)
- Key Laboratory of Trauma and Neural Regeneration, Peking University, Beijing 100044, China
- National Centre for Trauma Medicine, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Yi-Lin Wang
- Department of OrthopedSics and Trauma, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing 100044, China; (T.W.)
- Key Laboratory of Trauma and Neural Regeneration, Peking University, Beijing 100044, China
- National Centre for Trauma Medicine, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Feng-Shi Zhang
- Department of OrthopedSics and Trauma, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing 100044, China; (T.W.)
- Key Laboratory of Trauma and Neural Regeneration, Peking University, Beijing 100044, China
- National Centre for Trauma Medicine, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Xiao-Meng Zhang
- Department of OrthopedSics and Trauma, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing 100044, China; (T.W.)
- Key Laboratory of Trauma and Neural Regeneration, Peking University, Beijing 100044, China
- National Centre for Trauma Medicine, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Yi-Chong Zhang
- Department of OrthopedSics and Trauma, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing 100044, China; (T.W.)
- Key Laboratory of Trauma and Neural Regeneration, Peking University, Beijing 100044, China
- National Centre for Trauma Medicine, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Hao-Ran Jiang
- Department of OrthopedSics and Trauma, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing 100044, China; (T.W.)
- Key Laboratory of Trauma and Neural Regeneration, Peking University, Beijing 100044, China
- National Centre for Trauma Medicine, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Meng Zhang
- Department of OrthopedSics and Trauma, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing 100044, China; (T.W.)
- Key Laboratory of Trauma and Neural Regeneration, Peking University, Beijing 100044, China
- National Centre for Trauma Medicine, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Pei-Xun Zhang
- Department of OrthopedSics and Trauma, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing 100044, China; (T.W.)
- Key Laboratory of Trauma and Neural Regeneration, Peking University, Beijing 100044, China
- National Centre for Trauma Medicine, Beijing 100044, China
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11
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Mao X, Li T, Cheng J, Tao M, Li Z, Ma Y, Javed R, Bao J, Liang F, Guo W, Tian X, Fan J, Yu T, Ao Q. Nerve ECM and PLA-PCL based electrospun bilayer nerve conduit for nerve regeneration. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1103435. [PMID: 36937756 PMCID: PMC10017983 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1103435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: The porcine nerve-derived extracellular matrix (ECM) fabricated as films has good performance in peripheral nerve regeneration. However, when constructed as conduits to bridge nerve defects, ECM lacks sufficient mechanical strength. Methods: In this study, a novel electrospun bilayer-structured nerve conduit (BNC) with outer poly (L-lactic acid-co-ε-caprolactone) (PLA-PCL) and inner ECM was fabricated for nerve regeneration. The composition, structure, and mechanical strength of BNC were characterized. Then BNC biosafety was evaluated by cytotoxicity, subcutaneous implantation, and cell affinity tests. Furthermore, BNC was used to bridge 10-mm rat sciatic nerve defect, and nerve functional recovery was assessed by walking track, electrophysiology, and histomorphology analyses. Results: Our results demonstrate that BNC has a network of nanofibers and retains some bioactive molecules, including collagen I, collagen IV, laminin, fibronectin, glycosaminoglycans, nerve growth factor, and brain-derived neurotrophic factor. Biomechanical analysis proves that PLA-PCL improves the BNC mechanical properties, compared with single ECM conduit (ENC). The functional evaluation of in vivo results indicated that BNC is more effective in nerve regeneration than PLA-PCL conduit or ENC. Discussion: In conclusion, BNC not only retains the good biocompatibility and bioactivity of ECM, but also obtains the appropriate mechanical strength from PLA-PCL, which has great potential for clinical repair of nerve defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Mao
- Department of Tissue Engineering, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Ting Li
- Department of Tissue Engineering, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Junqiu Cheng
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Meihan Tao
- Department of Tissue Engineering, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Zhiyuan Li
- Department of Tissue Engineering, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yizhan Ma
- Department of Tissue Engineering, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Rabia Javed
- Department of Tissue Engineering, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jie Bao
- Department of Tissue Engineering, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Fang Liang
- Department of Tissue Engineering, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Weihong Guo
- Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaohong Tian
- Department of Tissue Engineering, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jun Fan
- Department of Tissue Engineering, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Tianhao Yu
- Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, The VIP Department, School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Qiang Ao
- Department of Tissue Engineering, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Institute of Regulatory Science for Medical Device, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Qiang Ao,
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12
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Li X, Zhang X, Hao M, Wang D, Jiang Z, Sun L, Gao Y, Jin Y, Lei P, Zhuo Y. The application of collagen in the repair of peripheral nerve defect. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:973301. [PMID: 36213073 PMCID: PMC9542778 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.973301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Collagen is a natural polymer expressed in the extracellular matrix of the peripheral nervous system. It has become increasingly crucial in peripheral nerve reconstruction as it was involved in regulating Schwann cell behaviors, maintaining peripheral nerve functions during peripheral nerve development, and being strongly upregulated after nerve injury to promote peripheral nerve regeneration. Moreover, its biological properties, such as low immunogenicity, excellent biocompatibility, and biodegradability make it a suitable biomaterial for peripheral nerve repair. Collagen provides a suitable microenvironment to support Schwann cells’ growth, proliferation, and migration, thereby improving the regeneration and functional recovery of peripheral nerves. This review aims to summarize the characteristics of collagen as a biomaterial, analyze its role in peripheral nerve regeneration, and provide a detailed overview of the recent advances concerning the optimization of collagen nerve conduits in terms of physical properties and structure, as well as the application of the combination with the bioactive component in peripheral nerve regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolan Li
- Department of Neurology and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiang Zhang
- Department of Neurology and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ming Hao
- School of Acupuncture-Moxi Bustion and Tuina, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Dongxu Wang
- Laboratory Animal Center, College of Animal Science, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Ziping Jiang
- Department of Hand and Foot Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Liqun Sun
- Department of Pediatrics, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yongjian Gao
- Department of Gastrointestinal Colorectal and Anal Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Ye Jin
- Department of Pharmacy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Peng Lei
- Department of Neurology and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Peng Lei, ; Yue Zhuo,
| | - Yue Zhuo
- School of Acupuncture-Moxi Bustion and Tuina, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
- *Correspondence: Peng Lei, ; Yue Zhuo,
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13
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Pedroza-Montoya FE, Tamez-Mata YA, Simental-Mendía M, Soto-Domínguez A, García-Pérez MM, Said-Fernández S, Montes-de-Oca-Luna R, González-Flores JR, Martínez-Rodríguez HG, Vilchez-Cavazos F. Repair of ovine peripheral nerve injuries with xenogeneic human acellular sciatic nerves prerecellularized with allogeneic Schwann-like cells-an innovative and promising approach. Regen Ther 2022; 19:131-143. [PMID: 35229011 PMCID: PMC8850753 DOI: 10.1016/j.reth.2022.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The iatrogenic effects of repairing peripheral nerve injuries (PNIs) with autografts (AGTs) encouraged the present study to involve a new approach consisting of grafting xenogeneic prerecellularized allogeneic cells instead of AGTs. METHODS We compared sheep's AGT regenerative and functional capacity with decellularized human nerves prerecellularized with allogeneic Schwann-like cell xenografts (onwards called xenografts). Mesenchymal stem cells were isolated from ovine adipose tissue and induced in vitro to differentiate into Schwann-like cells (SLCs). Xenografts were grafted in ovine sciatic nerves. Left sciatic nerves (20 mm) were excised from 10 sheep. Then, five sheep were grafted with 20 mm xenografts, and five were reimplanted with their nerve segment rotated 180° (AGT). RESULTS All sheep treated with xenografts or AGT progressively recovered the strength, movement, and coordination of their intervened limb, which was still partial when the study was finished at sixth month postsurgery. At this time, numerous intrafascicular axons were observed in the distal and proximal graft extremes of both xenografts or AGTs, and submaximal nerve electrical conduction was observed. The xenografts and AGT-affected muscles appeared partially stunted. CONCLUSIONS Xenografts and AGT were equally efficacious in starting PNI repair and justified further studies using longer observation times. The hallmarks from this study are that human xenogeneic acellular scaffolds were recellularized with allogenic SCL and were not rejected by the nonhuman receptors but were also as functional as AGT within a relatively short time postsurgery. Thus, this innovative approach promises to be more practical and accessible than AGT or allogenic allografts and safer than AGT for PNI repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florencia-E. Pedroza-Montoya
- Autonomous University of Nuevo Leon (UANL), Medicine School, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Av. Madero and Dr. Eduardo Aguirre Pequeño S/N Col. Mitras Centro, Monterrey, Nuevo Leon C.P 64460, Mexico
| | - Yadira-A. Tamez-Mata
- UANL, Medicine School and University Hospital “Dr. José Eleuterio González”, Orthopedics and Traumatology Service, Av. Madero and Dr. Eduardo Aguirre Pequeño S/N Col. Mitras Centro, Monterrey, Nuevo Leon C.P 64460, Mexico
| | - Mario Simental-Mendía
- UANL, Medicine School and University Hospital “Dr. José Eleuterio González”, Orthopedics and Traumatology Service, Av. Madero and Dr. Eduardo Aguirre Pequeño S/N Col. Mitras Centro, Monterrey, Nuevo Leon C.P 64460, Mexico
| | - Adolfo Soto-Domínguez
- UANL, Medicine School, Department of Histology, Av. Madero and Dr. Eduardo Aguirre Pequeño S/N Col. Mitras Centro, Monterrey, Nuevo Leon C.P 64460, Mexico
| | - Mauricio-M. García-Pérez
- UANL, Medicine School and University Hospital “Dr. José. Eleuterio González” Service of Plastic Surgery, Av. Madero and Dr. Eduardo Aguirre Pequeño S/N Col. Mitras Centro, Monterrey, Nuevo Leon C.P 64460, Mexico
| | - Salvador Said-Fernández
- Autonomous University of Nuevo Leon (UANL), Medicine School, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Av. Madero and Dr. Eduardo Aguirre Pequeño S/N Col. Mitras Centro, Monterrey, Nuevo Leon C.P 64460, Mexico
| | - Roberto Montes-de-Oca-Luna
- UANL, Medicine School, Department of Histology, Av. Madero and Dr. Eduardo Aguirre Pequeño S/N Col. Mitras Centro, Monterrey, Nuevo Leon C.P 64460, Mexico
| | - José-R. González-Flores
- UANL, Medicine School and University Hospital “Dr. José. Eleuterio González” Service of Plastic Surgery, Av. Madero and Dr. Eduardo Aguirre Pequeño S/N Col. Mitras Centro, Monterrey, Nuevo Leon C.P 64460, Mexico
| | - Herminia-G. Martínez-Rodríguez
- Autonomous University of Nuevo Leon (UANL), Medicine School, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Av. Madero and Dr. Eduardo Aguirre Pequeño S/N Col. Mitras Centro, Monterrey, Nuevo Leon C.P 64460, Mexico
| | - Félix Vilchez-Cavazos
- UANL, Medicine School and University Hospital “Dr. José Eleuterio González”, Orthopedics and Traumatology Service, Av. Madero and Dr. Eduardo Aguirre Pequeño S/N Col. Mitras Centro, Monterrey, Nuevo Leon C.P 64460, Mexico
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14
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Macrophage Activation in the Dorsal Root Ganglion in Rats Developing Autotomy after Peripheral Nerve Injury. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222312801. [PMID: 34884605 PMCID: PMC8657625 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222312801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Revised: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Autotomy, self-mutilation of a denervated limb, is common in animals after peripheral nerve injury (PNI) and is a reliable proxy for neuropathic pain in humans. Understanding the occurrence and treatment of autotomy remains challenging. The objective of this study was to investigate the occurrence of autotomy in nude and Wistar rats and evaluate the differences in macrophage activation and fiber sensitization contributing to the understanding of autotomy behavior. Autotomy in nude and Wistar rats was observed and evaluated 6 and 12 weeks after sciatic nerve repair surgery. The numbers of macrophages and the types of neurons in the dorsal root ganglion (DRG) between the two groups were compared by immunofluorescence studies. Immunostaining of T cells in the DRG was also assessed. Nude rats engaged in autotomy with less frequency than Wistar rats. Autotomy symptoms were also relatively less severe in nude rats. Immunofluorescence studies revealed increased macrophage accumulation and activation in the DRG of Wistar rats. The percentage of NF200+ neurons was higher at 6 and 12 weeks in Wistar rats compared to nude rats, but the percentage of CGRP+ neurons did not differ between two groups. Additionally, macrophages were concentrated around NF200-labeled A fibers. At 6 and 12 weeks following PNI, CD4+ T cells were not found in the DRG of the two groups. The accumulation and activation of macrophages in the DRG may account for the increased frequency and severity of autotomy in Wistar rats. Our results also suggest that A fiber neurons in the DRG play an important role in autotomy.
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15
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Suhar RA, Marquardt LM, Song S, Buabbas H, Doulames VM, Johansson PK, Klett KC, Dewi RE, Enejder AMK, Plant GW, George PM, Heilshorn SC. Elastin-like Proteins to Support Peripheral Nerve Regeneration in Guidance Conduits. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2021; 7:4209-4220. [PMID: 34510904 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.0c01053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Synthetic nerve guidance conduits (NGCs) offer an alternative to harvested nerve grafts for treating peripheral nerve injury (PNI). NGCs have been made from both naturally derived and synthesized materials. While naturally derived materials typically have an increased capacity for bioactivity, synthesized materials have better material control, including tunability and reproducibility. Protein engineering is an alternative strategy that can bridge the benefits of these two classes of materials by designing cell-responsive materials that are also systematically tunable and consistent. Here, we tested a recombinantly derived elastin-like protein (ELP) hydrogel as an intraluminal filler in a rat sciatic nerve injury model. We demonstrated that ELPs enhance the probability of forming a tissue bridge between the proximal and distal nerve stumps compared to an empty silicone conduit across the length of a 10 mm nerve gap. These tissue bridges have evidence of myelinated axons, and electrophysiology demonstrated that regenerated axons innervated distal muscle groups. Animals implanted with an ELP-filled conduit had statistically higher functional control at 6 weeks than those that had received an empty silicone conduit, as evaluated by the sciatic functional index. Taken together, our data support the conclusion that ELPs support peripheral nerve regeneration in acute complete transection injuries when used as an intraluminal filler. These results support the further study of protein engineered recombinant ELP hydrogels as a reproducible, off-the-shelf alternative for regeneration of peripheral nerves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riley A Suhar
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Laura M Marquardt
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States.,Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Shang Song
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Hana Buabbas
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Vanessa M Doulames
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Patrik K Johansson
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Katarina C Klett
- Program in Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Ruby E Dewi
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Annika M K Enejder
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Giles W Plant
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Paul M George
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, United States.,Stanford Stroke Center, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Sarah C Heilshorn
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
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16
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Yildirim MEC, Dadaci M, Ince B, Uyar İ, Yarar S, Oltulu P, Aygul R. Evaluation of the effectiveness of the tuba uterina tubular flap in the peripheral nervous system regeneration in rats. J Plast Surg Hand Surg 2021; 56:103-110. [PMID: 34151711 DOI: 10.1080/2000656x.2021.1934844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Nerve conduits could be used to provide a bridge between both nerve endings. In this study, the tuba uterina of female rats were prepared in a vascularized pedicled flap model and it used as a nerve conduit. The aim was to investigate the effectiveness of a vascularized pedicle nerve conduit and its ciliated epithelium in a sciatic nerve defect. The study was conducted between May and August 2018, and used a total of 60, 14-16-week-old female Wistar albino rats. Six groups were created; Cut and Unrepaired Group, Nerve Graft Group, Flap-Forward Group (Tuba uterina tubular flap, forward direction), Flap-Reversed Group (Tuba uterina tubular flap, reverse direction), Graft-Forward Group (Tuba uterina tubular graft, forward direction) and Graft-Reverse Group (Tuba uterina tubuler graft, reverse direction). Nerve regeneration was evaluated 3 months (90 days) after the surgery by the following methods: (1) Sciatic Functional Index (SFI) measurement, (2) Electromyographic (EMG) assessment, (3) Microscopic assessment with the light microscope and (4) Microscopic assessment with the electron microscope. According to the SFI, EMG and microscopic assessments with the light and electron microscope, it was observed that the transfer of tuba uterina tubular conduit as a graft was statistically better in its effect on nerve regeneration than flap transfer, but also indicated that the direction of the ciliated structures had no significant effect. We believe that as this model is improved with future studies, it will shed light on new models, ideas and innovations about nerve conduits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet Emin Cem Yildirim
- School of the Medicine, Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, Necmettin Erbakan University, Konya, Turkey.,Plastic Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery Department, Bilecik State Hospital, Bilecik, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Dadaci
- School of the Medicine, Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, Necmettin Erbakan University, Konya, Turkey
| | - Bilsev Ince
- School of the Medicine, Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, Necmettin Erbakan University, Konya, Turkey
| | - İlker Uyar
- School of the Medicine, Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, Necmettin Erbakan University, Konya, Turkey.,Plastic Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery Department, Tokat State Hospital, Konya, Turkey
| | - Serhat Yarar
- School of the Medicine, Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, Necmettin Erbakan University, Konya, Turkey.,Plastic Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery Department, Konya Numune Hospital, Konya, Turkey
| | - Pembe Oltulu
- School of the Medicine, Department of Pathology Konya, Necmettin Erbakan University, Konya, Turkey
| | - Recep Aygul
- School of the Medicine, Department of Neurology, Selcuk University, Konya, Turkey
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17
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Singh S, Srivastava AK, Baranwal AK, Bhatnagar A, Das KK, Jaiswal S, Behari S. Efficacy of Silicone Conduit in the Rat Sciatic Nerve Repair Model: Journey of a Thousand Miles. Neurol India 2021; 69:318-325. [PMID: 33904443 DOI: 10.4103/0028-3886.314576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Background A lot of options have been tried for bridging the two ends of the injured nerves. Researchers have used decellularized nerve grafts, artificial materials and even nerve growth factors to augment functional recovery. These materials are either costly or inaccessible in developing world. Objective The study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of the silicone conduit in a rat sciatic nerve injury model. Materials and Methods 24 healthy Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats (250-300 grams; 8-10 weeks) were used and right sciatic nerve was exposed; transected and re-anastomosed by two different methods in 16 rats. In control group, n = 8 (Group I) the sciatic nerve was untouched; Group II (reverse nerve anastomosis, n = 8): 1-centimeter of nerve was cut and re-anastomosed by using 10-0 monofilament suture; Group III (silicone conduit, n = 8) 1-centimeter nerve segment was cut, replaced by silicone conduit and supplemented by fibrin glue]. Evaluation of nerve recovery was done functionally (pain threshold and sciatic functional index) over 3 months and histologically and electron microscopically. Results Functional results showed a trend of clinical improvement in Group III and II but recovery was poor and never reached up to normal. Histopathological and electron microscopic results showed an incomplete axonal regeneration in Groups II and III. Psychological analyses showed that no outwards signs of stress were present and none of the rats showed paw biting and teeth chattering. Conclusion The silicone conduit graft may be an economical and effective alternative to presently available interposition grafts, however for short segments only.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suyash Singh
- Department of Neurosurgery, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Raebareli, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Arun Kumar Srivastava
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Atul K Baranwal
- Veterinary Scientist, Animal House, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ankur Bhatnagar
- Department of Plastic and Reconstruction Surgery, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Kuntal Kanti Das
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Sushila Jaiswal
- Department of Pathology, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Sanjay Behari
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
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18
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Zhang M, Li C, Zhou LP, Pi W, Zhang PX. Polymer Scaffolds for Biomedical Applications in Peripheral Nerve Reconstruction. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26092712. [PMID: 34063072 PMCID: PMC8124340 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26092712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2021] [Revised: 04/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The nervous system is a significant part of the human body, and peripheral nerve injury caused by trauma can cause various functional disorders. When the broken end defect is large and cannot be repaired by direct suture, small gap sutures of nerve conduits can effectively replace nerve transplantation and avoid the side effect of donor area disorders. There are many choices for nerve conduits, and natural materials and synthetic polymers have their advantages. Among them, the nerve scaffold should meet the requirements of good degradability, biocompatibility, promoting axon growth, supporting axon expansion and regeneration, and higher cell adhesion. Polymer biological scaffolds can change some shortcomings of raw materials by using electrospinning filling technology and surface modification technology to make them more suitable for nerve regeneration. Therefore, polymer scaffolds have a substantial prospect in the field of biomedicine in future. This paper reviews the application of nerve conduits in the field of repairing peripheral nerve injury, and we discuss the latest progress of materials and fabrication techniques of these polymer scaffolds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics and Trauma, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing 100083, China; (M.Z.); (C.L.); (W.P.)
- Key Laboratory of Trauma and Neural Regeneration, Peking University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Ci Li
- Department of Orthopedics and Trauma, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing 100083, China; (M.Z.); (C.L.); (W.P.)
- Key Laboratory of Trauma and Neural Regeneration, Peking University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Li-Ping Zhou
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Bioengineering and Sensing Technology, Daxing Research Institute, School of Chemistry & Biological Engineering, University of Science & Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China;
| | - Wei Pi
- Department of Orthopedics and Trauma, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing 100083, China; (M.Z.); (C.L.); (W.P.)
- Key Laboratory of Trauma and Neural Regeneration, Peking University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Pei-Xun Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics and Trauma, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing 100083, China; (M.Z.); (C.L.); (W.P.)
- Key Laboratory of Trauma and Neural Regeneration, Peking University, Beijing 100083, China
- National Center for Trauma Medicine, Beijing 100083, China
- Correspondence:
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19
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Zheng C, Yang Z, Chen S, Zhang F, Rao Z, Zhao C, Quan D, Bai Y, Shen J. Nanofibrous nerve guidance conduits decorated with decellularized matrix hydrogel facilitate peripheral nerve injury repair. Am J Cancer Res 2021; 11:2917-2931. [PMID: 33456580 PMCID: PMC7806490 DOI: 10.7150/thno.50825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Rationale: Peripheral nerve injury (PNI) is a great challenge for regenerative medicine. Nerve autograft is the gold standard for clinical PNI repair. Due to its significant drawbacks, artificial nerve guidance conduits (NGCs) have drawn much attention as replacement therapies. We developed a combinatorial NGC consisting of longitudinally aligned electrospun nanofibers and porcine decellularized nerve matrix hydrogel (pDNM gel). The in vivo capacity for facilitating nerve tissue regeneration and functional recovery was evaluated in a rat sciatic nerve defect model. Methods: Poly (L-lactic acid) (PLLA) was electrospun into randomly oriented (PLLA-random) and longitudinally aligned (PLLA-aligned) nanofibers. PLLA-aligned were further coated with pDNM gel at concentrations of 0.25% (PLLA-aligned/0.25% pDNM gel) and 1% (PLLA-aligned/1% pDNM gel). Axonal extension and Schwann cells migration were evaluated by immunofluorescence staining of dorsal root ganglia cultured on the scaffolds. To fabricate implantable NGCs, the nanofibrous scaffolds were rolled and covered with an electrospun protection tube. The fabricated NGCs were then implanted into a 5 mm sciatic nerve defect model in adult male Sprague-Dawley rats. Nerves treated with NGCs were compared to contralateral uninjured nerves (control group), injured but untreated nerves (unstitched group), and autografted nerves. Nerve regeneration was monitored by an established set of assays, including T2 values and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) derived from multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), histological assessments, and immunostaining. Nerve functional recovery was evaluated by walking track analysis. Results: PLLA-aligned/0.25% pDNM gel scaffold exhibited the best performance in facilitating directed axonal extension and Schwann cells migration in vitro due to the combined effects of the topological cues provided by the aligned nanofibers and the biochemical cues retained in the pDNM gel. Consistent results were obtained in animal experiments with the fabricated NGCs. Both the T2 and fractional anisotropy values of the PLLA-aligned/0.25% pDNM gel group were the closest to those of the autografted group, and returned to normal much faster than those of the other NGCs groups. Histological assessment indicated that the implanted PLLA-aligned/0.25% pDNM gel NGC resulted in the largest number of axons and the most extensive myelination among all fabricated NGCs. Further, the PLLA-aligned/0.25% pDNM gel group exhibited the highest sciatic nerve function index, which was comparable to that of the autografted group, at 8 weeks post-surgery. Conclusions: NGCs composed of aligned PLLA nanofibers decorated with 0.25% pDNM gel provided both topological and biochemical guidance for directing and promoting axonal extension, nerve fiber myelination, and functional recovery. Moreover, T2-mapping and DTI metrics were found to be useful non-invasive monitoring techniques for PNI treatment.
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20
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Li R, Xu J, Rao Z, Deng R, Xu Y, Qiu S, Long H, Zhu Q, Liu X, Bai Y, Quan D. Facilitate Angiogenesis and Neurogenesis by Growth Factors Integrated Decellularized Matrix Hydrogel. Tissue Eng Part A 2020; 27:771-787. [PMID: 33107410 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2020.0227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurological functional recovery depends on the synergistic interaction between angiogenesis and neurogenesis after peripheral nerve injury (PNI). Decellularized nerve matrix hydrogels have drawn much attention and been considered as potential therapeutic biomaterials for neurovascularization, due to their intrinsic advantages in construction of a growth-permissive microenvironment, strong affinity to multiple growth factors (GFs), and promotion of neurite outgrowth. In the present study, nerve growth factor (NGF) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) were incorporated into porcine decellularized nerve matrix hydrogel (pDNM-gel) for PNI treatment. Both GFs bound strongly to pDNM-gel and underwent a controlled release manner, which showed facilitated axonal extension and vascular-like tube formation in vitro. Especially, a companion growth was identified when human umbilical vein endothelial cells and neurons were cocultured on the GFs containing pDNM-gel. In a crushed rat sciatic nerve model, the incorporated NGF and VEGF appeared to contribute for axonal growth and neovascularization correspondingly but separately. Both GFs were equally important in improving nerve functional recovery after in situ administration. These findings indicate that pDNM-gel is not only a bioactive hydrogel-based material that can be used alone, but also serves as suitable carrier of multiple GFs for promoting an effective PNI repair. Impact statement Decellularized matrix hydrogel derived from nerve tissue has demonstrated its effectiveness in promoting nerve reinnervation, remyelination, and functionalization. Meanwhile, angiogenesis is highly desirable for treatment of long-distance peripheral nerve defects. To this end, we incorporated both vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and nerve growth factor (NGF) into porcine decellularized nerve matrix hydrogel (pDNM-gel) to induce neovascularization and neuroregeneration. At the cellular level, the pDNM-gel with both growth factors (GFs) exhibited significant capability in promoting axonal elongation, Schwann cell proliferation and migration, as well as vessel/nerve interaction. In crushed peripheral nerve injury (PNI) rat model, the integrated VEGF was more favorable for angiogenesis, whereas NGF mainly contributed to neurogenesis. However, the combination of both GFs in pDNM-gel highly facilitated motor functional recovery, highlighting the therapeutic promise of decellularized matrix hydrogel for growth factor delivery toward neuroprotection and neuroregeneration after PNI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Li
- PCFM Lab, GD HPPC Lab, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Functional Biomaterials Engineering Technology Research Center, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jinghui Xu
- Department of Spine Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zilong Rao
- PCFM Lab, GD HPPC Lab, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Functional Biomaterials Engineering Technology Research Center, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Rongli Deng
- PCFM Lab, GD HPPC Lab, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yiwei Xu
- PCFM Lab, GD HPPC Lab, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shuai Qiu
- Guangdong Peripheral Nerve Tissue Engineering and Technology Research Center, Department of Orthopedic and Microsurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Houqing Long
- Department of Spine Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qingtang Zhu
- Guangdong Peripheral Nerve Tissue Engineering and Technology Research Center, Department of Orthopedic and Microsurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaolin Liu
- Guangdong Peripheral Nerve Tissue Engineering and Technology Research Center, Department of Orthopedic and Microsurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ying Bai
- Guangdong Functional Biomaterials Engineering Technology Research Center, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Daping Quan
- PCFM Lab, GD HPPC Lab, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Functional Biomaterials Engineering Technology Research Center, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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21
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Schilling BK, Lamberti KK, Snowden MJ, Baker JS, Byrd K, Komatsu C, Solari MG, Marra KG. Design and Fabrication of an Automatable, 3D Printed Perfusion Device for Tissue Infusion and Perfusion Engineering. Tissue Eng Part A 2020; 26:253-264. [DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2019.0209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Kimberly K. Lamberti
- Department of Plastic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Malik J. Snowden
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Jocelyn S. Baker
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Kristen Byrd
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Chiaki Komatsu
- Department of Plastic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Mario G. Solari
- Department of Plastic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Kacey G. Marra
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- Department of Plastic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- McGowan Institute of Regenerative Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
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22
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Dhayani A, Kalita S, Mahato M, Srinath P, Vemula PK. Biomaterials for topical and transdermal drug delivery in reconstructive transplantation. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2019; 14:2713-2733. [DOI: 10.2217/nnm-2019-0137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Lifelong systemic immunosuppression remains the biggest challenge in vascularized composite allotransplantation (VCA) due to the adverse effects it causes. Since VCA is a life-enhancing procedure as compared with solid organ transplant which is life-saving; one needs to weigh the benefits and risks carefully. Thus, there is a huge unmet clinical need to design biomaterial-based vehicles that can deliver drugs more efficiently, topically and locally to eliminate adverse effects of systemic immune suppression. This review discusses several biomaterial-based systems that have been carefully designed, conceived and attempted to make VCA a more patient compliant approach. Variety of promising preclinical studies has shown the feasibility of the approaches, and clinical trials are required to bridge the gap. Several challenges for the future and new approaches have been discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashish Dhayani
- Institute for Stem Cell Science & Regenerative Medicine (inStem), UAS-GKVK Campus, Bellary Road, Bengaluru 560065, Karnataka, India
- School of Chemical & Biotechnology, SASTRA University, Thanjavur 613 401, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sanjeeb Kalita
- Institute for Stem Cell Science & Regenerative Medicine (inStem), UAS-GKVK Campus, Bellary Road, Bengaluru 560065, Karnataka, India
| | - Manohar Mahato
- Institute for Stem Cell Science & Regenerative Medicine (inStem), UAS-GKVK Campus, Bellary Road, Bengaluru 560065, Karnataka, India
| | - Preethem Srinath
- Institute for Stem Cell Science & Regenerative Medicine (inStem), UAS-GKVK Campus, Bellary Road, Bengaluru 560065, Karnataka, India
| | - Praveen K Vemula
- Institute for Stem Cell Science & Regenerative Medicine (inStem), UAS-GKVK Campus, Bellary Road, Bengaluru 560065, Karnataka, India
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23
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Houshyar S, Bhattacharyya A, Shanks R. Peripheral Nerve Conduit: Materials and Structures. ACS Chem Neurosci 2019; 10:3349-3365. [PMID: 31273975 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.9b00203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Peripheral nerve injuries (PNIs) are the most common injury types to affect the nervous system. Restoration of nerve function after PNI is a challenging medical issue. Extended gaps in transected peripheral nerves are only repaired using autologous nerve grafting. This technique, however, in which nerve tissue is harvested from a donor site and grafted onto a recipient site in the same body, has many limitations and disadvantages. Recent studies have revealed artificial nerve conduits as a promising alternative technique to substitute autologous nerves. This Review summarizes different types of artificial nerve grafts used to repair peripheral nerve injuries. These include synthetic and natural polymers with biological factors. Then, desirable properties of nerve guides are discussed based on their functionality and effectiveness. In the final part of this Review, fabrication methods and commercially available nerve guides are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shadi Houshyar
- School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
| | - Amitava Bhattacharyya
- Nanoscience and Technology, Department of Electronics and Communication, PSG College of Technology, Coimbatore − 641004, India
| | - Robert Shanks
- School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
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24
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Hong GH, Liu JB, Liu YZ, Gao KM, Zhao X, Lao J. Modified contralateral C7 nerve transfer: the possibility of permitting ulnar nerve recovery is confirmed by 10 cases of autopsy. Neural Regen Res 2019; 14:1449-1454. [PMID: 30964072 PMCID: PMC6524498 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.253530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Contralateral C7 nerve transfer surgery is one of the most important surgical techniques for treating total brachial plexus nerve injury. In the traditional contralateral C7 nerve transfer surgery, the whole ulnar nerve on the paralyzed side is harvested for transfer, which completely sacrifices its potential of recovery. In the present, novel study, we report on the anatomical feasibility of a modified contralateral C7 nerve transfer surgery. Ten fresh cadavers (4 males and 6 females) provided by the Department of Anatomy, Histology, and Embryology at the Medical College of Fudan University, China were used in modified contralateral C7 nerve transfer surgery. In this surgical model, only the dorsal and superficial branches of the ulnar nerve and the medial antebrachial cutaneous nerve on the paralyzed side (left) were harvested for grafting the contralateral (right) C7 nerve and the recipient nerves. Both the median nerve and deep branch of the ulnar nerve on the paralyzed (left) side were recipient nerves. To verify the feasibility of this surgery, the distances between each pair of coaptating nerve ends were measured by a vernier caliper. The results validated that starting point of the deep branch of ulnar nerve and the starting point of the medial antebrachial cutaneous nerve at the elbow were close to each other and could be readily anastomosed. We investigated whether the fiber number of donor and recipient nerves matched one another. The axons were counted in sections of nerve segments distal and proximal to the coaptation sites after silver impregnation. Averaged axon number of the ulnar nerve at the upper arm level was approximately equal to the sum of the median nerve and proximal end of medial antebrachial cutaneous nerve (left: 0.94:1; right: 0.93:1). In conclusion, the contralateral C7 nerve could be transferred to the median nerve but also to the deep branch of the ulnar nerve via grafts of the ulnar nerve without deep branch and the medial antebrachial cutaneous nerve. The advantage over traditional surgery was that the recovery potential of the deep branch of ulnar nerve was preserved. The study was approved by the Ethics Committee of Fudan University (approval number: 2015-064) in July, 2015.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang-Hui Hong
- Department of Hand Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University; Key Laboratory of Hand Reconstruction, Ministry of Health; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Peripheral Nerve and Microsurgery, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing-Bo Liu
- Department of Hand Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University; Key Laboratory of Hand Reconstruction, Ministry of Health; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Peripheral Nerve and Microsurgery, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu-Zhou Liu
- Department of Hand Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University; Key Laboratory of Hand Reconstruction, Ministry of Health; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Peripheral Nerve and Microsurgery, Shanghai, China
| | - Kai-Ming Gao
- Department of Hand Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University; Key Laboratory of Hand Reconstruction, Ministry of Health; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Peripheral Nerve and Microsurgery, Shanghai, China
| | - Xin Zhao
- Department of Hand Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University; Key Laboratory of Hand Reconstruction, Ministry of Health; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Peripheral Nerve and Microsurgery, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Lao
- Department of Hand Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University; Key Laboratory of Hand Reconstruction, Ministry of Health; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Peripheral Nerve and Microsurgery, Shanghai, China
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25
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Han GH, Peng J, Liu P, Ding X, Wei S, Lu S, Wang Y. Therapeutic strategies for peripheral nerve injury: decellularized nerve conduits and Schwann cell transplantation. Neural Regen Res 2019; 14:1343-1351. [PMID: 30964052 PMCID: PMC6524503 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.253511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, the use of Schwann cell transplantation to repair peripheral nerve injury has attracted much attention. Animal-based studies show that the transplantation of Schwann cells in combination with nerve scaffolds promotes the repair of injured peripheral nerves. Autologous Schwann cell transplantation in humans has been reported recently. This article reviews current methods for removing the extracellular matrix and analyzes its composition and function. The development and secretory products of Schwann cells are also reviewed. The methods for the repair of peripheral nerve injuries that use myelin and Schwann cell transplantation are assessed. This survey of the literature data shows that using a decellularized nerve conduit combined with Schwann cells represents an effective strategy for the treatment of peripheral nerve injury. This analysis provides a comprehensive basis on which to make clinical decisions for the repair of peripheral nerve injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gong-Hai Han
- Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan Province; Institute of Orthopedics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jiang Peng
- Institute of Orthopedics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Ping Liu
- Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi Province, China
| | - Xiao Ding
- Shihezi University Medical College, Shihezi, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China
| | - Shuai Wei
- Shihezi University Medical College, Shihezi, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China
| | - Sheng Lu
- 920th Hospital of Joint Service Support Force, Kunming, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Institute of Orthopedics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
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26
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Kang WB, Chen YJ, Lu DY, Yan JZ. Folic acid contributes to peripheral nerve injury repair by promoting Schwann cell proliferation, migration, and secretion of nerve growth factor. Neural Regen Res 2019; 14:132-139. [PMID: 30531087 PMCID: PMC6263007 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.243718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
After peripheral nerve injury, intraperitoneal injection of folic acid improves axon quantity, increases axon density and improves electromyography results. However, the mechanisms for this remain unclear. This study explored whether folic acid promotes peripheral nerve injury repair by affecting Schwann cell function. Primary Schwann cells were obtained from rats by in vitro separation and culture. Cell proliferation, assayed using the Cell Counting Kit-8 assay, was higher in cells cultured for 72 hours with 100 mg/L folic acid compared with the control group. Cell proliferation was also higher in the 50, 100, 150, and 200 mg/L folic acid groups compared with the control group after culture for 96 hours. Proliferation was markedly higher in the 100 mg/L folic acid group compared with the 50 mg/L folic acid group and the 40 ng/L nerve growth factor group. In Transwell assays, the number of migrated Schwann cells dramatically increased after culture with 100 and 150 mg/L folic acid compared with the control group. In nerve growth factor enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays, treatment of Schwann cell cultures with 50, 100, and 150 mg/L folic acid increased levels of nerve growth factor in the culture medium compared with the control group at 3 days. The nerve growth factor concentration of Schwann cell cultures treated with 100 mg/L folic acid group was remarkably higher than that in the 50 and 150 mg/L folic acid groups at 3 days. Nerve growth factor concentration in the 10, 50, and 100 mg/L folic acid groups was higher than that in the control group at 7 days. The nerve growth factor concentration in the 50 mg/L folic acid group was remarkably higher than that in the 10 and 100 mg/L folic acid groups at 7 days. In vivo, 80 μg/kg folic acid was intraperitoneally administrated for 7 consecutive days after sciatic nerve injury. Immunohistochemical staining showed that the number of Schwann cells in the folic acid group was greater than that in the control group. We suggest that folic acid may play a role in improving the repair of peripheral nerve injury by promoting the proliferation and migration of Schwann cells and the secretion of nerve growth factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Bo Kang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yong-Jie Chen
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Du-Yi Lu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jia-Zhi Yan
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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27
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Gontika I, Katsimpoulas M, Antoniou E, Kostakis A, Stavropoulos-Giokas C, Michalopoulos E. Decellularized Human Umbilical Artery Used as Nerve Conduit. Bioengineering (Basel) 2018; 5:bioengineering5040100. [PMID: 30469361 PMCID: PMC6315692 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering5040100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2018] [Revised: 11/08/2018] [Accepted: 11/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Treatment of injuries to peripheral nerves after a segmental defect is one of the most challenging surgical problems. Despite advancements in microsurgical techniques, complete recovery of nerve function after repair has not been achieved. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the use of the decellularized human umbilical artery (hUA) as nerve guidance conduit. A segmental peripheral nerve injury was created in 24 Sprague–Dawley rats. The animals were organized into two experimental groups with different forms of repair: decellularized hUA (n = 12), and autologous nerve graft (n = 12). Sciatic faction index and gastrocnemius muscle values were calculated for functional recovery evaluation. Nerve morphometry was used to analyze nerve regeneration. Results showed that decellularized hUAs after implantation were rich in nerve fibers and characterized by improved Sciatic Functional index (SFI) values. Decellularized hUA may support elongation and bridging of the 10 mm nerve gap.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioanna Gontika
- Hellenic Cord Blood Bank, Biomedical Research Foudation Academy of Athens, 4 Soranou Ephessiou Street, 11527 Athens, Greece.
| | - Michalis Katsimpoulas
- Center of Clinical, Experimental Surgery and Translational Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, 4 Soranou Ephessiou Street, 11527 Athens, Greece.
| | - Efstathios Antoniou
- Second Department of Propaedeutic Surgery, University of Athens, Medical School, "Laiko" General Hospital 17 Agios Thomas Street, 11527 Athens, Greece.
| | - Alkiviadis Kostakis
- Center of Clinical, Experimental Surgery and Translational Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, 4 Soranou Ephessiou Street, 11527 Athens, Greece.
| | - Catherine Stavropoulos-Giokas
- Center of Clinical, Experimental Surgery and Translational Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, 4 Soranou Ephessiou Street, 11527 Athens, Greece.
| | - Efstathios Michalopoulos
- Hellenic Cord Blood Bank, Biomedical Research Foudation Academy of Athens, 4 Soranou Ephessiou Street, 11527 Athens, Greece.
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