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Searles CD. MicroRNAs and Cardiovascular Disease Risk. Curr Cardiol Rep 2024; 26:51-60. [PMID: 38206553 PMCID: PMC10844442 DOI: 10.1007/s11886-023-02014-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW MicroRNAs (miRNAs)-short, non-coding RNAs-play important roles in almost all aspects of cardiovascular biology, and changes in intracellular miRNA expression are indicative of cardiovascular disease development and progression. Extracellular miRNAs, which are easily measured in blood and can be reflective of changes in intracellular miRNA levels, have emerged as potential non-invasive biomarkers for disease. This review summarizes current knowledge regarding miRNAs as biomarkers for assessing cardiovascular disease risk and prognosis. RECENT FINDINGS Numerous studies over the last 10-15 years have identified associations between extracellular miRNA profiles and cardiovascular disease, supporting the potential use of extracellular miRNAs as biomarkers for risk stratification. However, clinical application of extracellular miRNA profiles has been hampered by poor reproducibility and inter-study variability that is due largely to methodological differences between studies. While recent studies indicate that circulating extracellular miRNAs are promising biomarkers for cardiovascular disease, evidence for clinical implementation is lacking. This highlights the need for larger, well-designed studies that use standardized methods for sample preparation, miRNA isolation, quantification, and normalization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles D Searles
- Emory University School of Medicine and Atlanta VA Health Care System, 1670 Clairmont Road, Decatur, GA, 30033, USA.
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2
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Sundram S, Dhiman N, Malviya R, Awasthi R. Non-coding RNAs in Regulation of Protein Aggregation and Clearance Pathways: Current Perspectives Towards Alzheimer's Research and Therapy. Curr Gene Ther 2024; 24:8-16. [PMID: 37519207 DOI: 10.2174/1566523223666230731093030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Revised: 05/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the leading cause of dementia, affecting approximately 45.0 million people worldwide and ranking as the fifth leading cause of mortality. AD is identified by neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs), which include abnormally phosphorylated tau-protein and amyloid protein (amyloid plaques). Peptide dysregulation is caused by an imbalance between the production and clearance of the amyloid-beta (Aβ) and NFT. AD begins to develop when these peptides are not cleared from the body. As a result, understanding the processes that control both normal and pathological protein recycling in neuronal cells is critical. Insufficient Aβ and NFT clearance are important factors in the development of AD. Autophagy, lysosomal dysfunction, and ubiquitin-proteasome dysfunction have potential roles in the pathogenesis of many neurodegenerative disorders, particularly in AD. Modulation of these pathways may provide a novel treatment strategy for AD. Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) have recently emerged as important biological regulators, with particular relevance to the emergence and development of neurodegenerative disorders such as AD. ncRNAs can be used as potential therapeutic targets and diagnostic biomarkers due to their critical regulatory functions in several biological processes involved in disease development, such as the aggregation and accumulation of Aβ and NFT. It is evident that ncRNAs play a role in the pathophysiology of AD. In this communication, we explored the link between ncRNAs and AD and their regulatory mechanisms that may help in finding new therapeutic targets and AD medications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonali Sundram
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medical and Allied Sciences, Galgotias University, Greater Noida, India
- Amity Institute of Pharmacy, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Noida, India
| | - Neerupma Dhiman
- Amity Institute of Pharmacy, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Noida, India
| | - Rishabha Malviya
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medical and Allied Sciences, Galgotias University, Greater Noida, India
| | - Rajendra Awasthi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Health Sciences & Technology, UPES University, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India
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Valizadeh M, Derafsh E, Abdi Abyaneh F, Parsamatin SK, Noshabad FZR, Alinaghipour A, Yaghoobi Z, Taheri AT, Dadgostar E, Aschner M, Mirzaei H, Tamtaji OR, Nabavizadeh F. Non-Coding RNAs and Neurodegenerative Diseases: Information of their Roles in Apoptosis. Mol Neurobiol 2023:10.1007/s12035-023-03849-z. [PMID: 38102518 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-023-03849-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
Apoptosis can be known as a key factor in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative disorders. In disease conditions, the rate of apoptosis expands and tissue damage may become apparent. Recently, the scientific studies of the non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) has provided new information of the molecular mechanisms that contribute to neurodegenerative disorders. Numerous reports have documented that ncRNAs have important contributions to several biological processes associated with the increase of neurodegenerative disorders. In addition, microRNAs (miRNAs), circular RNAs (circRNAs), as well as, long ncRNAs (lncRNAs) represent ncRNAs subtypes with the usual dysregulation in neurodegenerative disorders. Dysregulating ncRNAs has been associated with inhibiting or stimulating apoptosis in neurodegenerative disorders. Therefore, this review highlighted several ncRNAs linked to apoptosis in neurodegenerative disorders. CircRNAs, lncRNAs, and miRNAs were also illustrated completely regarding the respective signaling pathways of apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ehsan Derafsh
- Windsor University School of Medicine, Cayon, Canada
| | | | - Sayedeh Kiana Parsamatin
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | | | - Azam Alinaghipour
- School of Medical Sciences, Yazd Branch, Islamic Azad University, Yazd, Iran
| | - Zahra Yaghoobi
- Electrophysiology Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR, Iran
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR, Iran
| | - Abdolkarim Talebi Taheri
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ehsan Dadgostar
- Behavioral Sciences Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, IR, Iran
- Student Research Committee, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, IR, Iran
| | - Michael Aschner
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA
| | - Hamed Mirzaei
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, IR, Iran.
| | - Omid Reza Tamtaji
- Electrophysiology Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR, Iran.
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR, Iran.
| | - Fatemeh Nabavizadeh
- Electrophysiology Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR, Iran
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR, Iran
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4
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Bhatnagar D, Ladhe S, Kumar D. Discerning the Prospects of miRNAs as a Multi-Target Therapeutic and Diagnostic for Alzheimer's Disease. Mol Neurobiol 2023; 60:5954-5974. [PMID: 37386272 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-023-03446-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023]
Abstract
Although over the last few decades, numerous attempts have been made to halt Alzheimer's disease (AD) progression and mitigate its symptoms, only a few have been proven beneficial. Most medications available, still only cater to the symptoms of the disease rather than fixing the cause at the root level. A novel approach involving the use of miRNAs, which work on the principle of gene silencing, is being explored by scientists. Naturally present miRNAs in the biological system help to regulate various genes than may be implicated in AD-like BACE-1 and APP. One miRNA thus, holds the power to keep a check on several genes, conferring it the ability to be used as a multi-target therapeutic. With aging and the onset of diseased pathology, dysregulation of these miRNAs is observed. This flawed miRNA expression is responsible for the unusual buildup of amyloid proteins, fibrillation of tau proteins in the brain, neuronal death and other hallmarks leading to AD. The use of miRNA mimics and miRNA inhibitors provides an attractive perspective for fixing the upregulation and downregulation of miRNAs that led to abnormal cellular activities. Furthermore, the detection of miRNAs in the CSF and serum of diseased patients might be considered an earlier biomarker for the disease. While most of the therapies designed around AD have not succeeded completely, the targeting of dysregulated miRNAs in AD patients might give a new direction to scholars to develop an effective treatment for Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devyani Bhatnagar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Poona College of Pharmacy, Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to Be University), Erandwane, Pune, 411038, Maharashtra, India
| | - Shreya Ladhe
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Poona College of Pharmacy, Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to Be University), Erandwane, Pune, 411038, Maharashtra, India
| | - Dileep Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Poona College of Pharmacy, Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to Be University), Erandwane, Pune, 411038, Maharashtra, India.
- Department of Entomology, University of California, Davis, One Shields Ave, Davis, CA, 95616, USA.
- UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, One Shields Ave, Davis, CA, 95616, USA.
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Visconte C, Fenoglio C, Serpente M, Muti P, Sacconi A, Rigoni M, Arighi A, Borracci V, Arcaro M, Arosio B, Ferri E, Golia MT, Scarpini E, Galimberti D. Altered Extracellular Vesicle miRNA Profile in Prodromal Alzheimer's Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14749. [PMID: 37834197 PMCID: PMC10572781 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241914749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are nanosized vesicles released by almost all body tissues, representing important mediators of cellular communication, and are thus promising candidate biomarkers for neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer's disease (AD). The aim of the present study was to isolate total EVs from plasma and characterize their microRNA (miRNA) contents in AD patients. We isolated total EVs from the plasma of all recruited subjects using ExoQuickULTRA exosome precipitation solution (SBI). Subsequently, circulating total EVs were characterized using Nanosight nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and Western blotting. A panel of 754 miRNAs was determined with RT-qPCR using TaqMan OpenArray technology in a QuantStudio 12K System (Thermo Fisher Scientific). The results demonstrated that plasma EVs showed widespread deregulation of specific miRNAs (miR-106a-5p, miR-16-5p, miR-17-5p, miR-195-5p, miR-19b-3p, miR-20a-5p, miR-223-3p, miR-25-3p, miR-296-5p, miR-30b-5p, miR-532-3p, miR-92a-3p, and miR-451a), some of which were already known to be associated with neurological pathologies. A further validation analysis also confirmed a significant upregulation of miR-16-5p, miR-25-3p, miR-92a-3p, and miR-451a in prodromal AD patients, suggesting these dysregulated miRNAs are involved in the early progression of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caterina Visconte
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy; (C.V.); (P.M.); (M.R.); (M.T.G.); (D.G.)
| | - Chiara Fenoglio
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy; (C.V.); (P.M.); (M.R.); (M.T.G.); (D.G.)
- Neurodegenerative Diseases Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy; (M.S.); (A.A.); (V.B.); (M.A.); (E.S.)
| | - Maria Serpente
- Neurodegenerative Diseases Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy; (M.S.); (A.A.); (V.B.); (M.A.); (E.S.)
| | - Paola Muti
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy; (C.V.); (P.M.); (M.R.); (M.T.G.); (D.G.)
- Dental and Maxillo-Facial Surgery Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Sacconi
- UOSD Clinical Trial Center, Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute—IRCCS, 00144 Rome, Italy;
| | - Marta Rigoni
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy; (C.V.); (P.M.); (M.R.); (M.T.G.); (D.G.)
- Dental and Maxillo-Facial Surgery Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Arighi
- Neurodegenerative Diseases Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy; (M.S.); (A.A.); (V.B.); (M.A.); (E.S.)
| | - Vittoria Borracci
- Neurodegenerative Diseases Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy; (M.S.); (A.A.); (V.B.); (M.A.); (E.S.)
| | - Marina Arcaro
- Neurodegenerative Diseases Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy; (M.S.); (A.A.); (V.B.); (M.A.); (E.S.)
| | - Beatrice Arosio
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy;
| | - Evelyn Ferri
- Geriatric Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy;
| | - Maria Teresa Golia
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy; (C.V.); (P.M.); (M.R.); (M.T.G.); (D.G.)
- National Research Council of Italy, Institute of Neuroscience, Via Raoul Follereau 3, 20854 Vedano al Lambro, Italy
| | - Elio Scarpini
- Neurodegenerative Diseases Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy; (M.S.); (A.A.); (V.B.); (M.A.); (E.S.)
| | - Daniela Galimberti
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy; (C.V.); (P.M.); (M.R.); (M.T.G.); (D.G.)
- Neurodegenerative Diseases Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy; (M.S.); (A.A.); (V.B.); (M.A.); (E.S.)
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Li Z, Wang X, Wang X, Yi X, Wong YK, Wu J, Xie F, Hu D, Wang Q, Wang J, Zhong T. Research progress on the role of extracellular vesicles in neurodegenerative diseases. Transl Neurodegener 2023; 12:43. [PMID: 37697342 PMCID: PMC10494410 DOI: 10.1186/s40035-023-00375-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and Huntington's disease, affect millions of people worldwide. Tremendous efforts have been put into disease-related research, but few breakthroughs have been made in diagnostic and therapeutic approaches. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are heterogeneous cell-derived membrane structures that arise from the endosomal system or are directly separated from the plasma membrane. EVs contain many biomolecules, including proteins, nucleic acids, and lipids, which can be transferred between different cells, tissues, or organs, thereby regulating cross-organ communication between cells during normal and pathological processes. Recently, EVs have been shown to participate in various aspects of neurodegenerative diseases. Abnormal secretion and levels of EVs are closely related to the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases and contribute to disease progression. Numerous studies have proposed EVs as therapeutic targets or biomarkers for neurodegenerative diseases. In this review, we summarize and discuss the advanced research progress on EVs in the pathological processes of several neurodegenerative diseases. Moreover, we outline the latest research on the roles of EVs in neurodegenerative diseases and their therapeutic potential for the diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengzhe Li
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, 341000, China
- Laboratory Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, 341000, China
| | - Xiaoling Wang
- Laboratory Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, 341000, China
| | - Xiaoxing Wang
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, 341000, China
- Laboratory Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, 341000, China
| | - Xiaomei Yi
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, 341000, China
- Laboratory Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, 341000, China
| | - Yin Kwan Wong
- Department of Nephrology, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, and Shenzhen Clinical Research Centre for Geriatrics, Shenzhen People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518020, China
| | - Jiyang Wu
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, 341000, China
- Laboratory Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, 341000, China
| | - Fangfang Xie
- Laboratory Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, 341000, China
| | - Die Hu
- Laboratory Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, 341000, China
| | - Qi Wang
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, 341000, China
| | - Jigang Wang
- Laboratory Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, 341000, China.
- Department of Nephrology, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, and Shenzhen Clinical Research Centre for Geriatrics, Shenzhen People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518020, China.
- State Key Laboratory for Quality Ensurance and Sustainable Use of Dao-di Herbs, Artemisinin Research Center, and Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China.
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China.
| | - Tianyu Zhong
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, 341000, China.
- Laboratory Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, 341000, China.
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Datta N, Johnson C, Kao D, Gurnani P, Alexander C, Polytarchou C, Monaghan TM. MicroRNA-based therapeutics for inflammatory disorders of the microbiota-gut-brain axis. Pharmacol Res 2023; 194:106870. [PMID: 37499702 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2023.106870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2023] [Revised: 07/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
An emerging but less explored shared pathophysiology across microbiota-gut-brain axis disorders is aberrant miRNA expression, which may represent novel therapeutic targets. miRNAs are small, endogenous non-coding RNAs that are important transcriptional repressors of gene expression. Most importantly, they regulate the integrity of the intestinal epithelial and blood-brain barriers and serve as an important communication channel between the gut microbiome and the host. A well-defined understanding of the mode of action, therapeutic strategies and delivery mechanisms of miRNAs is pivotal in translating the clinical applications of miRNA-based therapeutics. Accumulating evidence links disorders of the microbiota-gut-brain axis with a compromised gut-blood-brain-barrier, causing gut contents such as immune cells and microbiota to enter the bloodstream leading to low-grade systemic inflammation. This has the potential to affect all organs, including the brain, causing central inflammation and the development of neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric diseases. In this review, we have examined in detail miRNA biogenesis, strategies for therapeutic application, delivery mechanisms, as well as their pathophysiology and clinical applications in inflammatory gut-brain disorders. The research data in this review was drawn from the following databases: PubMed, Google Scholar, and Clinicaltrials.gov. With increasing evidence of the pathophysiological importance for miRNAs in microbiota-gut-brain axis disorders, therapeutic targeting of cross-regulated miRNAs in these disorders displays potentially transformative and translational potential. Further preclinical research and human clinical trials are required to further advance this area of research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neha Datta
- School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Charlotte Johnson
- NIHR Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK; Nottingham Digestive Diseases Centre, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Dina Kao
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Pratik Gurnani
- Division of Molecular Therapeutics & Formulation, School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Cameron Alexander
- Division of Molecular Therapeutics & Formulation, School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Christos Polytarchou
- Department of Biosciences, John van Geest Cancer Research Centre, School of Science & Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, UK.
| | - Tanya M Monaghan
- NIHR Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK; Nottingham Digestive Diseases Centre, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.
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Napoletano S, Battista E, Martone N, Netti PA, Causa F. Direct, precise, enzyme-free detection of miR-103–3p in real samples by microgels with highly specific molecular beacons. Talanta 2023; 259:124468. [PMID: 37011564 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2023.124468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
Low abundance, small size, and sequence similarities render microRNA (miRNAs) detection challenging, particularly in real samples, where quantifying weakly expressed miRNAs can be arduous due to interference of more abundant molecules. The standard quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) requires multiple steps, thermal cycles, and costly enzymatic reactions that can negatively affect results. Here we present a direct, precise, enzyme-free assay based on microgels particles conjugating molecular beacons (MB) capable of optically detecting low abundant miRNAs in real samples. We validate the applicability of microgels assay using qRT-PCR as a reference technology. As a relevant case, we chose miR-103-3p, a valuable diagnostic biomarker for breast cancer, both in serum samples and MCF7 cells. As a result, microgels assay quantifies miRNA molecules at room temperature in a single step, 1 h (vs. 4 hrs for qRT-PCR) without complementary DNA synthesis, amplification, or expensive reagents. Microgels assay exhibits femtomolar sensitivity, single nucleotide specificity, and a wide linear range (102-107 fM) (wider than qRT-PCR), with low sample consumption (2 μL) and excellent linearity (R2= 0.98). To test the selectivity of the microgel assay in real samples, MCF7 cells were considered where the pool of 8 other miRNAs were further upregulated with respect to miRNA 103-3p. In such complex environments, microgels assay selectively detects the miRNA target, mainly due to MB advanced stability and specificity as well as high microgel antifouling properties. These results show the reliability of microgels assay to detect miRNAs in real samples.
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9
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Seyedaghamiri F, Rajabi M, Mohaddes G. Targeting Novel microRNAs in Developing Novel Alzheimer's Disease Treatments. Neurochem Res 2023; 48:26-38. [PMID: 36048350 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-022-03734-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Revised: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is considered a multifactorial disease and a significant cause of dementia during aging. This neurodegenerative disease process is classically divided into two different pathologies cerebral accumulation of amyloid-β and hyperphosphorylated neurofibrillary tau tangles. In recent years, massive efforts have been made to treat AD by decreasing amyloid-β and tau in the brains of patients with AD, with no success. The dysfunction of a wide range of microRNAs promotes the generation and insufficient clearance of amyloid-β (Aβ) and increases tau plaques which are the pathophysiological markers of AD. Disturbance of these microRNAs is associated with mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative damage, inflammation, apolipoprotein E4 (APOE4) pathogenic process, synaptic loss, and cognitive deficits induced by AD. Targeting a specific microRNA to restore AD-induced impairments at multiple stages might provide a promising approach for developing new drugs and therapeutic strategies for patients with AD. This review focuses on different mechanisms of microRNAs in AD pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mojgan Rajabi
- Neurosciences Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, 51666-14756, Iran
| | - Gisou Mohaddes
- Neurosciences Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, 51666-14756, Iran.
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10
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Vakili O, Asili P, Babaei Z, Mirahmad M, Keshavarzmotamed A, Asemi Z, Mafi A. Circular RNAs in Alzheimer's Disease: A New Perspective of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Targets. CNS & NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS DRUG TARGETS 2022; 22:CNSNDDT-EPUB-125997. [PMID: 36043720 DOI: 10.2174/1871527321666220829164211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Revised: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Circular RNAs (circRNAs), as covalently closed single-stranded noncoding RNA molecules, have been recently identified to involve in several biological processes, principally through targeting microRNAs. Among various neurodegenerative diseases (NDs), accumulating evidence has proposed key roles for circRNAs in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD); although the exact relationship between these RNA molecules and AD progression is not clear, they have been believed to mostly act as miRNA sponges or gene transcription modulators through correlating with multiple proteins, involved in the accumulation of Amyloid β (Aβ) peptides, as well as tau protein, as AD's pathological hallmark. More interestingly, circRNAs have also been reported to play diagnostic and therapeutic roles during AD progression. OBJECTIVE Literature review indicated that circRNAs could essentially contribute to the onset and development of AD. Thus, in the current review, the circRNAs' biogenesis and functions are addressed at first, and then the interplay between particular circRNAs and AD is comprehensively discussed. Eventually, the diagnostic and therapeutic significance of these noncoding RNAs is highlighted in brief. RESULTS A large number of circRNAs are expressed in the brain. Thereby, these RNA molecules are noticed as potential regulators of neural functions in healthy circumstances, as well as neurological disorders. Moreover, circRNAs have also been reported to have potential diagnostic and therapeutic capacities in relation to AD, the most prevalent ND. CONCLUSION CircRNAs have been shown to act as sponges for miRNAs, thereby regulating the function of related miRNAs, including oxidative stress, reduction of neuroinflammation, and the formation and metabolism of Aβ, all of which developed in AD. CircRNAs have also been proposed as biomarkers that have potential diagnostic capacities in AD. Despite these characteristics, the use of circRNAs as therapeutic targets and promising diagnostic biomarkers will require further investigation and characterization of the function of these RNA molecules in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omid Vakili
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Pooria Asili
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zeinab Babaei
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Maryam Mirahmad
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Zatollah Asemi
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Alireza Mafi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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Zhou J, Benoit M, Sharoar MG. Recent advances in pre-clinical diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease. Metab Brain Dis 2022; 37:1703-1725. [PMID: 33900524 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-021-00733-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common dementia with currently no known cures or disease modifying treatments (DMTs), despite much time and effort from the field. Diagnosis and intervention of AD during the early pre-symptomatic phase of the disease is thought to be a more effective strategy. Therefore, the detection of biomarkers has emerged as a critical tool for monitoring the effect of new AD therapies, as well as identifying patients most likely to respond to treatment. The establishment of the amyloid/tau/neurodegeneration (A/T/N) framework in 2018 has codified the contexts of use of AD biomarkers in neuroimaging and bodily fluids for research and diagnostic purposes. Furthermore, a renewed drive for novel AD biomarkers and innovative methods of detection has emerged with the goals of adding additional insight to disease progression and discovery of new therapeutic targets. The use of biomarkers has accelerated the development of AD drugs and will bring new therapies to patients in need. This review highlights recent methods utilized to diagnose antemortem AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Zhou
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Connecticut Health, Farmington, CT, 06030, USA
- Molecular Medicine Program, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
| | - Marc Benoit
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Connecticut Health, Farmington, CT, 06030, USA
| | - Md Golam Sharoar
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Connecticut Health, Farmington, CT, 06030, USA.
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12
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Chia SY, Vipin A, Ng KP, Tu H, Bommakanti A, Wang BZ, Tan YJ, Zailan FZ, Ng ASL, Ling SC, Okamura K, Tan EK, Kandiah N, Zeng L. Upregulated Blood miR-150-5p in Alzheimer’s Disease Dementia Is Associated with Cognition, Cerebrospinal Fluid Amyloid-β, and Cerebral Atrophy. J Alzheimers Dis 2022; 88:1567-1584. [DOI: 10.3233/jad-220116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Background: There is an urgent need for noninvasive, cost-effective biomarkers for Alzheimer’s disease (AD), such as blood-based biomarkers. They will not only support the clinical diagnosis of dementia but also allow for timely pharmacological and nonpharmacological interventions and evaluations. Objective: To identify and validate a novel blood-based microRNA biomarker for dementia of the Alzheimer’s type (DAT). Methods: We conducted microRNA sequencing using peripheral blood mononuclear cells isolated from a discovery cohort and validated the identified miRNAs in an independent cohort and AD postmortem tissues. miRNA correlations with AD pathology and AD clinical-radiological imaging were conducted. We also performed bioinformatics and cell-based assay to identify miRNA target genes. Results: We found that miR-150-5p expression was significantly upregulated in DAT compared to mild cognitive impairment and healthy subjects. Upregulation of miR-150-5p was observed in AD hippocampus. We further found that higher miR-150-5p levels were correlated with the clinical measures of DAT, including lower global cognitive scores, lower CSF Aβ 42, and higher CSF total tau. Interestingly, we observed that higher miR-150-5p levels were associated with MRI brain volumes within the default mode and executive control networks, two key networks implicated in AD. Furthermore, pathway analysis identified the targets of miR-150-5p to be enriched in the Wnt signaling pathway, including programmed cell death 4 (PDCD4). We found that PDCD4 was downregulated in DAT blood and was downregulated by miR-150-5p at both the transcriptional and protein levels Conclusion: Our findings demonstrated that miR-150-5p is a promising clinical blood-based biomarker for DAT
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Affiliation(s)
- Sook-Yoong Chia
- Neural Stem Cell Research Lab, Research Department, National Neuroscience Institute, Singapore
| | - Ashwati Vipin
- Department of Neurology, National Neuroscience Institute, Singapore
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technology University, Novena Campus, Singapore
| | - Kok Pin Ng
- Department of Neurology, National Neuroscience Institute, Singapore
- Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technology University, Novena Campus, Singapore
| | - Haitao Tu
- Neural Stem Cell Research Lab, Research Department, National Neuroscience Institute, Singapore
| | - Ananth Bommakanti
- Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, 1 Research Link National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Yi Jayne Tan
- Department of Neurology, National Neuroscience Institute, Singapore
| | - Fatin Zahra Zailan
- Department of Neurology, National Neuroscience Institute, Singapore
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technology University, Novena Campus, Singapore
| | - Adeline Su-Lyn Ng
- Department of Neurology, National Neuroscience Institute, Singapore
- Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
| | - Shuo-Chian Ling
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Neuroscience & Behavioral Disorders Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
| | - Katsutomo Okamura
- Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, 1 Research Link National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Takayama, Ikoma, Nara, Japan
| | - Eng-King Tan
- Neuroscience & Behavioral Disorders Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
- Research Department, National Neuroscience Institute, Singapore General Hospital Campus, Singapore
| | - Nagaendran Kandiah
- Department of Neurology, National Neuroscience Institute, Singapore
- Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technology University, Novena Campus, Singapore
| | - Li Zeng
- Neural Stem Cell Research Lab, Research Department, National Neuroscience Institute, Singapore
- Neuroscience & Behavioral Disorders Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technology University, Novena Campus, Singapore
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13
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Klyucherev TO, Olszewski P, Shalimova AA, Chubarev VN, Tarasov VV, Attwood MM, Syvänen S, Schiöth HB. Advances in the development of new biomarkers for Alzheimer's disease. Transl Neurodegener 2022; 11:25. [PMID: 35449079 PMCID: PMC9027827 DOI: 10.1186/s40035-022-00296-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a complex, heterogeneous, progressive disease and is the most common type of neurodegenerative dementia. The prevalence of AD is expected to increase as the population ages, placing an additional burden on national healthcare systems. There is a large need for new diagnostic tests that can detect AD at an early stage with high specificity at relatively low cost. The development of modern analytical diagnostic tools has made it possible to determine several biomarkers of AD with high specificity, including pathogenic proteins, markers of synaptic dysfunction, and markers of inflammation in the blood. There is a considerable potential in using microRNA (miRNA) as markers of AD, and diagnostic studies based on miRNA panels suggest that AD could potentially be determined with high accuracy for individual patients. Studies of the retina with improved methods of visualization of the fundus are also showing promising results for the potential diagnosis of the disease. This review focuses on the recent developments of blood, plasma, and ocular biomarkers for the diagnosis of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timofey O Klyucherev
- Department of Neuroscience, Functional Pharmacology, University of Uppsala, Uppsala, Sweden.,Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmacy, I. M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Pawel Olszewski
- Department of Neuroscience, Functional Pharmacology, University of Uppsala, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Alena A Shalimova
- Department of Neuroscience, Functional Pharmacology, University of Uppsala, Uppsala, Sweden.,Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmacy, I. M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Vladimir N Chubarev
- Institute of Translational Medicine and Biotechnology, I. M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Vadim V Tarasov
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmacy, I. M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia.,Institute of Translational Medicine and Biotechnology, I. M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Misty M Attwood
- Department of Neuroscience, Functional Pharmacology, University of Uppsala, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Stina Syvänen
- Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Helgi B Schiöth
- Department of Neuroscience, Functional Pharmacology, University of Uppsala, Uppsala, Sweden.
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14
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Wang H, Jiang X, De Leone R, Zhang Y, Qiao L, Zhang L. Extracting BOLD signals based on time-constrained multiset canonical correlation analysis for brain functional network estimation and classification. Brain Res 2022; 1775:147745. [PMID: 34864043 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2021.147745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Revised: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Brain functional network (BFN), usually estimated from blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), has been proven to be a powerful tool to study the organization of the brain and discover biomarkers for diagnosis of brain disorders. Prior to BFN estimation and classification, extracting representative BOLD signals from brain regions of interest (ROIs) is a critical step. Traditional extraction methods include averaging, peaking operation and dimensionality reduction, often leading to signal cancellation and information loss. In this paper, we propose a novel method, namely time-constrained multiset canonical correlation analysis (TMCCA), to extract representative BOLD signals for subsequent BFN estimation and classification. Different from traditional methods that equally treat all BOLD signals in a ROI, the proposed method assigns weights to different BOLD signals, and learns the optimal weights to make the extracted representative signals jointly maximize the multiple correlations between ROIs. Importantly, time-constraint is incorporated into our proposed method, which can effectively encode nonlinear relationship among BOLD signals. To evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed method, the extracted BOLD signals is used to estimate BFN and, in turn, identify brain disorders, including mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and autistic spectrum disorder (ASD). Experimental results demonstrate that our proposed TMCCA can lead to better performance than traditional methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haimei Wang
- School of Mathematics Science, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252000, China
| | - Xiao Jiang
- School of Mathematics Science, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252000, China; School of Science and Technology, University of Camerino, Camerino 62032, Italy
| | - Renato De Leone
- School of Science and Technology, University of Camerino, Camerino 62032, Italy
| | - Yining Zhang
- School of Mathematics Science, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252000, China
| | - Lishan Qiao
- School of Mathematics Science, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252000, China
| | - Limei Zhang
- School of Mathematics Science, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252000, China.
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15
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The Study of Cerebrospinal Fluid microRNAs in Spinal Cord Injury and Neurodegenerative Diseases: Methodological Problems and Possible Solutions. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 23:ijms23010114. [PMID: 35008540 PMCID: PMC8744986 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23010114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite extensive research on neurological disorders, unanswered questions remain regarding the molecular mechanisms underpinning the course of these diseases, and the search continues for effective biomarkers for early diagnosis, prognosis, or therapeutic intervention. These questions are especially acute in the study of spinal cord injury (SCI) and neurodegenerative diseases. It is believed that the changes in gene expression associated with processes triggered by neurological disorders are the result of post-transcriptional gene regulation. microRNAs (miRNAs) are key regulators of post-transcriptional gene expression and, as such, are often looked to in the search for effective biomarkers. We propose that cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is potentially a source of biomarkers since it is in direct contact with the central nervous system and therefore may contain biomarkers indicating neurodegeneration or damage to the brain and spinal cord. However, since the abundance of miRNAs in CSF is low, their isolation and detection is technically difficult. In this review, we evaluate the findings of recent studies of CSF miRNAs as biomarkers of spinal cord injury (SCI) and neurodegenerative diseases. We also summarize the current knowledge concerning the methods of studying miRNA in CSF, including RNA isolation and normalization of the data, highlighting the caveats of these approaches and possible solutions.
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16
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Guo Y, Liu D, Yang Q, Shi W, Yang Z, Chen J, Xiang J. Early and In-Stage Diagnosis of Alzheimer’s Disease by the Simultaneous Fluorescent Determination of the Biomarkers miR-501-3p and miR-455-3p with Carbon Quantum Dots in Serum. ANAL LETT 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/00032719.2021.2008950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yaxin Guo
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Micro & Nano Materials Interface Science, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Dan Liu
- Eye Center of Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Qing Yang
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Micro & Nano Materials Interface Science, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Wei Shi
- Hunan Danfeng Biotechnology, Changsha, China
| | - Zhihui Yang
- Hunan Danfeng Biotechnology, Changsha, China
| | - Jia Chen
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Micro & Nano Materials Interface Science, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Juan Xiang
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Micro & Nano Materials Interface Science, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, China
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17
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Al-Rawaf HA, Alghadir AH, Gabr SA. Expression of Circulating MicroRNAs and Myokines and Interactions with Serum Osteopontin in Type 2 Diabetic Patients with Moderate and Poor Glycemic Control: A Biochemical and Molecular Study. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 2021:7453000. [PMID: 34917685 PMCID: PMC8670937 DOI: 10.1155/2021/7453000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cellular miRNAs are expressed in tissue fluids with sufficient amounts and were identified as potential molecular targets for studying the physiological mechanisms and correlations with many human diseases particularly diabetes. However, molecular-based changes among older adults with diabetes mellitus (DM) are rarely fully elucidated. AIM This study is aimed at identifying circulating miRNAs, which hold the potential to serve as biomarkers for the immune-inflammatory changes in older T2D patients with moderate and poor glycemic control status. In addition, the association of both myokines and osteopontin (OPN) levels with circulating miRNAs was identified. METHODS A total of 80 subjects aged 20-80 years were invited during the period of October 2017-May 2018 to participate in this descriptive cross-sectional study. All subjects were diagnosed with T2D for more than 5 years. Subjects were grouped based on glycemic control (HbA1c values) into two groups: moderate glycemic control (>7-8% HbA1c, no = 30) and poor glycemic control (>8% HbA1c, no = 50), respectively. Diabetic control parameters, fasting blood sugar (FS), HbA1c, fasting insulin (IF), insulin resistance (IR), HOMA-IR, inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, IL-8, IL-18, IL-23, TNF-α, and CRP), osteopontin, and myokines (adropin and irisin) were estimated by colorimetric and immune ELISA assays, respectively. In addition, real-time RT-PCR analysis was performed to evaluate the expression of circulating miRNAs, miR-146a and miR-144, in the serum of all diabetic subjects. RESULTS In this study, T2D patients with poor glycemic control showed a significant increase in the serum levels of IL-6, IL-8, IL-18, IL-23, TNF-α, CRP, and OPN and a reduction in the levels of myokines, adropin and irisin, compared to patients with moderate glycemic control. The results obtained are significantly correlated with the severity of diabetes measured by HbA1c, FS, IF, and HOMA-IR. In addition, baseline expression of miR-146a is significantly reduced and miR-144 is significantly increased in T2D patients with poor glycemic control compared to those with moderate glycemic control. In all diabetic groups, the expression of miR-146a and miR-144 is significantly correlated with diabetic controls, inflammatory cytokines, myokines, and serum levels of OPN. Respective of gender, women with T2D showed more significant change in the expressed miRNAs, inflammatory cytokines, OPN, and serum myokine markers compared to men. ROC analysis identified AUC cutoff values of miR-146a, miR-144, adropin, irisin, and OPN expression levels with considerable specificity and sensitivity which recommends the potential use of adropin, irisin, and OPN as diagnostic biomarkers for diabetes with varying glycemic control status. CONCLUSION In this study, molecular expression of certain microRNA species, such as miR-146a and miR-144, was identified and significantly associated with parameters of disease severity, HbA1c, inflammatory cytokines, myokines, and serum osteopontin in T2D patients with moderate and poor glycemic control. The AUC cutoff values of circulating miRNAs, miR-146a and miR-144; myokines, adropin and irisin; and serum OPN were significantly identified by ROC analysis which additionally recommends the potential use of these biomarkers, miR-146a, miR-144, adropin, irisin, and OPN, as diagnostic biomarkers with considerable specificity and sensitivity for diabetes in patients with varying glycemic control status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hadeel A. Al-Rawaf
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 10219, Riyadh 11433, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmad H. Alghadir
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 10219, Riyadh 11433, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sami A. Gabr
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 10219, Riyadh 11433, Saudi Arabia
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18
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Walgrave H, Zhou L, De Strooper B, Salta E. The promise of microRNA-based therapies in Alzheimer's disease: challenges and perspectives. Mol Neurodegener 2021; 16:76. [PMID: 34742333 PMCID: PMC8572071 DOI: 10.1186/s13024-021-00496-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Multi-pathway approaches for the treatment of complex polygenic disorders are emerging as alternatives to classical monotarget therapies and microRNAs are of particular interest in that regard. MicroRNA research has come a long way from their initial discovery to the cumulative appreciation of their regulatory potential in healthy and diseased brain. However, systematic interrogation of putative therapeutic or toxic effects of microRNAs in (models of) Alzheimer's disease is currently missing and fundamental research findings are yet to be translated into clinical applications. Here, we review the literature to summarize the knowledge on microRNA regulation in Alzheimer's pathophysiology and to critically discuss whether and to what extent these increasing insights can be exploited for the development of microRNA-based therapeutics in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Walgrave
- VIB Center for Brain & Disease Research, Leuven, KU, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Neurosciences, Leuven Brain Institute, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Lujia Zhou
- Division of Janssen Pharmaceutica NV, Discovery Neuroscience, Janssen Research and Development, Beerse, Belgium
| | - Bart De Strooper
- VIB Center for Brain & Disease Research, Leuven, KU, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Neurosciences, Leuven Brain Institute, Leuven, Belgium
- UK Dementia Research Institute at University College London, London, UK
| | - Evgenia Salta
- Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Crosstalk between Heart Failure and Cognitive Impairment via hsa-miR-933/RELB/CCL21 Pathway. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 2021:2291899. [PMID: 34595235 PMCID: PMC8478533 DOI: 10.1155/2021/2291899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Background The association between heart failure (HF) and cognitive impairment has received increasing attention from scholars and researchers in recent years. However, no systematic studies have been carried out yet focused on the crosstalk between heart failure and cognitive impairment via miRNAs. Methods GSE104150, GSE53473, GSE120584, and GSE116250 with RNA-seq data and clinical data were downloaded from the GSE database. All data were statistically analysed using R software to detect DE-miRNAs and DE-mRNAs associated with both HF and cognitive impairment. Protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks were mapped, and a logistic regression model for cognitive impairment prediction was developed. Furthermore, the TTRUST database and miRWalk were used to map miRNA-transcription factor (TF) and messenger RNA (mRNA) regulatory pathways. Finally, core TFs were enriched for analysis. Results Differentially enriched DE-miRNAs and DE-mRNAs both present in HF and cognitive impairment were determined. A logistic regression model established based on DE-miRNAs was validated to have a strong performance in cognitive impairment prediction. The core miRNA-TF-mRNA pathway was formed by mapping the PPI networks associated with the two diseases. Further GSEA was performed with V-rel reticuloendotheliosis viral oncogene homolog B (RELB) as the core TF, and the retinol metabolism and gap junction pathways were analysed. Conclusions This study was the first attempt to predict the crosstalk and examine underlying mechanisms between HF and cognitive impairment applying bioinformatics. The findings suggested a potential hsa-miR-933/RELB/CCL21 regulatory axis correlated with HF and neurological disorders (or cognitive impairment), according to PPI networks.
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New RNA-Based Breakthroughs in Alzheimer's Disease Diagnosis and Therapeutics. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13091397. [PMID: 34575473 PMCID: PMC8471423 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13091397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Revised: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Dementia is described as the fifth leading cause of death worldwide and Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is recognized as the most common, causing a huge impact on health costs and quality of patients’ lives. The main hallmarks that are commonly associated with the pathologic process are amyloid deposition, pathologic Tau phosphorylation and neurodegeneration. It is still unclear how these events are linked to the disease progression, due to the complex pathologic mechanisms. Nevertheless, several hypotheses have been proposed for a better understanding of AD. The AD diagnosis is performed by using a combination of several tools to detect β-amyloid peptide (Aβ) deposits and modifications in cognitive performance, sometimes being expensive and invasive. In the treatment field, there is still an absence of effective treatments to delay or stop the progression of the disease, with most of the approved drugs used to relieve symptoms, and all of them with significant adverse side effects. Considering all limitations, the need to establish new and more effective diagnostic and therapeutic strategies becomes clear. This review aims not only to describe the disease and its impact but also to collect the currently available diagnostic and therapeutic strategies, highlighting new promising RNA-based strategies for AD.
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21
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Xue Y, Zhang Y, Zhang L, Lee SW, Qiao L, Shen D. Learning Brain Functional Networks with Latent Temporal Dependency for MCI Identification. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng 2021; 69:590-601. [PMID: 34347591 DOI: 10.1109/tbme.2021.3102015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
AbstractResting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) has become a popular non-invasive way of diagnosing neurological disorders or their early stages by probing functional connectivity between different brain regions of interest (ROIs) across subjects. In the past decades, researchers have proposed many methods to estimate brain functional networks (BFNs) based on blood-oxygen-level-dependent (BOLD) signals captured by rs-fMRI. However, most of the existing methods estimate BFNs under the assumption that signals are independently sampled, which ignores the temporal dependency and sequential order of different time points (or volumes). To address this problem, in this paper, we first propose a novel BFN estimation model by introducing a latent variable to control the sequence of volumes for encoding the temporal dependency and sequential information of signals into the estimated BFNs. Then, we develop an efficient learning algorithm to solve the proposed model by the alternating optimization scheme. To verify the effectiveness of the proposed method, the estimated BFNs are used to identify subjects with mild cognitive impairment (MCIs) from normal controls (NCs). Experimental results show that our method outperforms the baseline methods in the sense of classification performance.
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22
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Talebi M, Esmaeeli H, Talebi M, Farkhondeh T, Samarghandian S. A Concise Overview of Biosensing Technologies for the Detection of Alzheimer's Disease Biomarkers. Curr Pharm Biotechnol 2021; 23:634-644. [PMID: 34250871 DOI: 10.2174/2666796702666210709122407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Revised: 05/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a brain-linked pathophysiological condition with neuronal degeneration, cognition dysfunctions, and other debilitations. Due to the growing prevalence of AD, there is a highly commended tendency to accelerate and develop analytical technologies for easy, cost-effective, and sensitive detection of AD biomarkers. In the last decade, remarkable advancements have been achieved on the gate to the progression of biosensors, predominantly optical and electrochemical, to detect AD biomarkers. Biosensors are commanding analytical devices that can conduct biological responses on transducers into measurable signals. These analytical devices can assist the case finding and management of AD. This review focuses on up-to-date developments, contests, and tendencies regarding AD biosensing principally, emphasizing the exclusive possessions of nanomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marjan Talebi
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran. Iran
| | - Hadi Esmaeeli
- Department of Research & Development, Niak Pharmaceutical Co., Gorgan. Iran
| | - Mohsen Talebi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, United States
| | - Tahereh Farkhondeh
- Cardiovascular Diseases Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand. Iran
| | - Saeed Samarghandian
- Noncommunicable Diseases Research Center, Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences, Neyshabur. Iran
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23
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Lin F, Zhang H, Bao J, Li L. Identification of Potential Diagnostic miRNAs Biomarkers for Alzheimer Disease Based on Weighted Gene Coexpression Network Analysis. World Neurosurg 2021; 153:e315-e328. [PMID: 34224891 DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2021.06.118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Revised: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alzheimer disease (AD) is an age-related neurodegenerative disease that accounts for nearly three fourths of dementia cases. Searching for potential biomarkers will help clinicians in the early diagnosis and treatment of AD. METHODS Firstly, we downloaded detailed AD data from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database for identification of differentially expressed microribonucleic acids (DEmiRNAs) and differentially expressed messenger ribonucleic acids (DEmRNAs). Secondly, functional enrichment analysis was used to identify the biological functions of DEmRNAs. Thirdly, weighted gene coexpression network analysis was used to identify important modules and hub miRNAs. In addition, the miRNA-mRNA regulatory network was constructed. Fourthly, the GSE120584 dataset was used for electronic expression verification and diagnostic analysis. Finally, real-time polymerase chain reaction in vitro verification was performed. RESULTS We obtained 1005 DEmiRNAs and 97 DEmRNAs, respectively. Functional enrichment found that DEmRNAs was enriched in the N-glycan biosynthesis pathway, which was associated with AD. In the weighted gene coexpression network analysis, we found that the brown module was the optimal module. Moreover, 11 hub miRNAs were identified. A total of 216 negatively regulated miRNA-mRNA regulation effects are involved. Hub miRNAs were found to have potential diagnostic value in the receiver operating characteristic analysis. CONCLUSION Eleven hub miRNAs were identified, and DEmRNAs was found to be significantly enriched in the N-glycan biosynthesis pathway, which contributes to the early diagnosis and treatment of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Lin
- Department of Neurology, The Second People's Hospital of Liaocheng City, The Second Hospital of Liaocheng Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Linqing City, China
| | - Haiqi Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The Second People's Hospital of Liaocheng City, The Second Hospital of Liaocheng Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Linqing City, China
| | - Jinglei Bao
- Department of Neurology, The Second People's Hospital of Liaocheng City, The Second Hospital of Liaocheng Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Linqing City, China.
| | - Long Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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Baptista B, Riscado M, Queiroz J, Pichon C, Sousa F. Non-coding RNAs: Emerging from the discovery to therapeutic applications. Biochem Pharmacol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2021.114469 order by 22025--] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/30/2022]
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25
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Zhao X, Kang J, Svetnik V, Warden D, Wilcock G, David Smith A, Savage MJ, Laterza OF. A Machine Learning Approach to Identify a Circulating MicroRNA Signature for Alzheimer Disease. J Appl Lab Med 2021; 5:15-28. [PMID: 31811079 DOI: 10.1373/jalm.2019.029595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Accurate diagnosis of Alzheimer disease (AD) involving less invasive molecular procedures and at reasonable cost is an unmet medical need. We identified a serum miRNA signature for AD that is less invasive than a measure in cerebrospinal fluid. METHODS From the Oxford Project to Investigate Memory and Aging (OPTIMA) study, 96 serum samples were profiled by a multiplex (>500 analytes) microRNA (miRNA) reverse transcription quantitative PCR analysis, including 51 controls, 32 samples from patients with AD, and 13 samples from patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Clinical diagnosis of a subset of AD and the controls was confirmed by postmortem (PM) histologic examination of brain tissue. In a machine learning approach, the AD and control samples were split 70:30 as the training and test cohorts. A multivariate random forest statistical analysis was applied to construct and test a miRNA signature for AD identification. In addition, the MCI participants were included in the test cohort to assess whether the signature can identify early AD patients. RESULTS A 12-miRNA signature for AD identification was constructed in the training cohort, demonstrating 76.0% accuracy in the independent test cohort with 90.0% sensitivity and 66.7% specificity. The signature, however, was not able to identify MCI participants. With a subset of AD and control participants with PM-confirmed diagnosis status, a separate 12-miRNA signature was constructed. Although sample size was limited, the PM-confirmed signature demonstrated improved accuracy of 85.7%, largely owing to improved specificity of 80.0% with comparable sensitivity of 88.9%. CONCLUSION Although additional and more diverse cohorts are needed for further clinical validation of the robustness, the miRNA signature appears to be a promising blood test to diagnose AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuemei Zhao
- Translational Molecular Biomarkers, MRL, Merck & Co., Kenilworth, NJ
| | - John Kang
- Biometrics, MRL, Merck & Co., Rahway, NJ
| | | | - Donald Warden
- Department of Pharmacology, Oxford University, Oxford, UK
| | - Gordon Wilcock
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neuroscience, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - A David Smith
- Department of Pharmacology, Oxford University, Oxford, UK
| | - Mary J Savage
- Translational Companion Diagnostics, MRL, Merck & Co., Kenilworth, NJ
| | - Omar F Laterza
- Translational Molecular Biomarkers, MRL, Merck & Co., Kenilworth, NJ
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26
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Zailaie SA, Siddiqui JJ, Al Saadi RM, Anbari DM, S Alomari A, Cupler EJ. Serum Based miRNA as a Diagnostic Biomarker for Multiple Sclerosis: a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Immunol Invest 2021; 51:947-962. [PMID: 33660581 DOI: 10.1080/08820139.2021.1887888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to identify deferentially expressed serum miRNAs in multiple sclerosis patients and to evaluate their diagnostic value in multiple sclerosis diagnosis. Studies were identified on PubMed, Google scholar and Saudi digital library up to 30 September 2019. Articles that examined miRNA expression level in MS patients compared to healthy control group were included in the review and the data were extracted by three independent author. The comprehensive Meta-Analysis version 3 software was used for meta-analysis and heterogeneity of studies was identified according to I2 value. Our literatures search identified 9 eligible articles concerning the serum miRNA as a diagnostic biomarker for multiple sclerosis in comparison to healthy control group. 19 serum miRNAs differentially expressed in MS patients were identified (8 downregulated, 11 upregulated and 1 with discordant result). In publications that provided information on specific miRNA diagnostic value, the pooled AUC was 72% (95% CI 0.65-0.78, p-value 0.00) for the overall multiple sclerosis patients and primary progressive MS (PPMS) (95% CI 0.66-0.78 p-value 0.00). A miRNA panel of four miRNAs showed high sensitivity (73%) and specificity (68%) in distinguishing multiple sclerosis from control groups. When using single miRNA (miR-145), the sensitivity increased to 79% and the specificity to 87%. The available data from the literature and this meta-analysis suggests the potential use of serum miRNA as biomarkers for early diagnosis of MS with high sensitivity and specificity in distinguishing multiple sclerosis subtypes from healthy controls.Abbreviation: MS: Multiple sclerosis; IDD: inflammatory demyelinating diseases; RRMS: relapsing-remitting Multiple sclerosis; PPMS: primary progressive Multiple sclerosis; SPMS: secondary progressive Multiple sclerosis; NMO: Neuromyelitis optica; miRNA: microRNA; ECmiRNA: extracellular microRNA; AUC: Area Under the Curve; ROC: Receiver Operator Characteristic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samar A Zailaie
- Research Center Department, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Jumana Jamal Siddiqui
- Research Center Department, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Rawan Mansour Al Saadi
- Research Center Department, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Dalia Mohammad Anbari
- Research Center Department, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.,Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Amani S Alomari
- Research Center Department, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.,Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Edward James Cupler
- Research Center Department, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.,Neuroscience Department, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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27
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Martinez B, Peplow PV. MicroRNAs as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers of age-related macular degeneration: advances and limitations. Neural Regen Res 2021; 16:440-447. [PMID: 32985463 PMCID: PMC7996036 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.293131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Revised: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
A main cause of vision loss in the elderly is age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Among the cellular, biochemical, and molecular changes linked to this disease, inflammation and angiogenesis appear as being crucial in AMD pathogenesis and progression. There are two forms of the disease: dry AMD, accounting for 80-90% of cases, and wet AMD. The disease usually begins as dry AMD associated with retinal pigment epithelium and photoreceptor degeneration, whereas wet AMD is associated with choroidal neovascularization resulting in severe vision impairment. The new vessels are largely malformed, leading to blood and fluid leakage within the disrupted tissue, which provokes inflammation and scar formation and results in retinal damage and detachment. MicroRNAs are dysregulated in AMD and may facilitate the early detection of the disease and monitoring disease progression. Two recent reviews of microRNAs in AMD had indicated weaknesses or limitations in four earlier investigations. Studies in the last three years have shown considerable progress in overcoming some of these concerns and identifying specific microRNAs as biomarkers for AMD. Further large-scale studies are warranted using appropriate statistical methods to take into account gender and age disparity in the study populations and confounding factors such as smoking status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bridget Martinez
- Physical Chemistry and Applied Spectroscopy, Chemistry Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, USA
- Department of Medicine, St. George's University School of Medicine, Grenada
| | - Philip V. Peplow
- Department of Anatomy, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
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28
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Baptista B, Riscado M, Queiroz JA, Pichon C, Sousa F. Non-coding RNAs: Emerging from the discovery to therapeutic applications. Biochem Pharmacol 2021; 189:114469. [PMID: 33577888 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2021.114469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The knowledge about non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) is rapidly increasing with new data continuously emerging, regarding their diverse types, applications, and roles. Particular attention has been given to ncRNA with regulatory functions, which may have a critical role both in biological and pathological conditions. As a result of the diversity of ncRNAs and their ubiquitous involvement in several biologic processes, ncRNA started to be considered in the biomedical field, with immense potential to be exploited either as biomarkers or as therapeutic agents in certain pathologies. Indeed, ncRNA-based therapeutics have been proposed in many disorders and some even reached clinical trials. However, to prepare an RNA product suitable for pharmacological applications, certain criteria must be fulfilled, and it has to be guaranteed RNA purity, stability, and bioactivity. So, in this review, the different types of ncRNAs are identified and characterized, by describing their biogenesis, functions, and applications. A perspective on the main challenges and innovative approaches for the future and broad therapeutic application of RNA is also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Baptista
- CICS-UBI - Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Avenida Infante D. Henrique, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal
| | - M Riscado
- CICS-UBI - Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Avenida Infante D. Henrique, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal
| | - J A Queiroz
- CICS-UBI - Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Avenida Infante D. Henrique, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal
| | - C Pichon
- Centre de Biophysique Moléculaire (CBM), UPR 4301 CNRS & University of Orléans Orléans, France
| | - F Sousa
- CICS-UBI - Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Avenida Infante D. Henrique, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal.
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29
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Segaran RC, Chan LY, Wang H, Sethi G, Tang FR. Neuronal Development-Related miRNAs as Biomarkers for Alzheimer's Disease, Depression, Schizophrenia and Ionizing Radiation Exposure. Curr Med Chem 2021; 28:19-52. [PMID: 31965936 DOI: 10.2174/0929867327666200121122910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Revised: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Radiation exposure may induce Alzheimer's disease (AD), depression or schizophrenia. A number of experimental and clinical studies suggest the involvement of miRNA in the development of these diseases, and also in the neuropathological changes after brain radiation exposure. The current literature review indicated the involvement of 65 miRNAs in neuronal development in the brain. In the brain tissue, blood, or cerebral spinal fluid (CSF), 11, 55, or 28 miRNAs are involved in the development of AD respectively, 89, 50, 19 miRNAs in depression, and 102, 35, 8 miRNAs in schizophrenia. We compared miRNAs regulating neuronal development to those involved in the genesis of AD, depression and schizophrenia and also those driving radiation-induced brain neuropathological changes by reviewing the available data. We found that 3, 11, or 8 neuronal developmentrelated miRNAs from the brain tissue, 13, 16 or 14 miRNAs from the blood of patient with AD, depression and schizophrenia respectively were also involved in radiation-induced brain pathological changes, suggesting a possibly specific involvement of these miRNAs in radiation-induced development of AD, depression and schizophrenia respectively. On the other hand, we noted that radiationinduced changes of two miRNAs, i.e., miR-132, miR-29 in the brain tissue, three miRNAs, i.e., miR- 29c-5p, miR-106b-5p, miR-34a-5p in the blood were also involved in the development of AD, depression and schizophrenia, thereby suggesting that these miRNAs may be involved in the common brain neuropathological changes, such as impairment of neurogenesis and reduced learning memory ability observed in these three diseases and also after radiation exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renu Chandra Segaran
- Radiation Physiology Lab, Singapore Nuclear Research and Safety Initiative, National University of Singapore, CREATE Tower, Singapore 138602, Singapore
| | - Li Yun Chan
- Radiation Physiology Lab, Singapore Nuclear Research and Safety Initiative, National University of Singapore, CREATE Tower, Singapore 138602, Singapore
| | - Hong Wang
- Radiation Physiology Lab, Singapore Nuclear Research and Safety Initiative, National University of Singapore, CREATE Tower, Singapore 138602, Singapore
| | - Gautam Sethi
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117600, Singapore
| | - Feng Ru Tang
- Radiation Physiology Lab, Singapore Nuclear Research and Safety Initiative, National University of Singapore, CREATE Tower, Singapore 138602, Singapore
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30
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Zhang M, Han W, Xu Y, Li D, Xue Q. Serum miR-128 Serves as a Potential Diagnostic Biomarker for Alzheimer's Disease. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 2021; 17:269-275. [PMID: 33542630 PMCID: PMC7853421 DOI: 10.2147/ndt.s290925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although numerous microRNAs (miRNAs) have been discovered to participate in the progression of Alzheimer's disease (AD), they are still difficult to apply in clinical work. Thus, the identification of novel miRNAs and clarification of their clinical significance are importing for improving the diagnosis and treatment of AD. The purpose of this study was to analyze the expression of miR-128 and its diagnostic value in patients with AD. PATIENTS AND METHODS In this study, 117 AD patients and 106 controls were enrolled, and the demographic data, biochemical parameters and serum miR-128 levels were collected. These data were then used to build a logistic regression model, and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were drawn to evaluate the diagnostic value of miR-128. The relationships between miR-128 and inflammatory factors (IL-1β/TNF-α) were also analyzed from clinical serum data. RESULTS Our study found that miR-128 was significantly upregulated in the serum samples of AD patients compared with controls, and that this upregulation was negatively correlated with Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) scores (r = -0.687, P< 0.01). ROC curve showed that the area under the curve of miR-128 was 0.831. Logistic regression analyses showed that glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) levels, MMSE scores and serum miR-128 levels were statistically significant (P< 0.01), and the ROC curve of the combined detection of these variables was 0.906. The serum miR-128 levels in AD patients were positively correlated with the serum IL-1β (r=0.798, P<0.01) and serum TNF-α levels (r=0.733, P<0.01). CONCLUSION Serum miR-128 is a candidate diagnostic biomarker in AD patients who achieved good diagnostic performance when used alone or in combination with other factors and may have the potential to be a novel therapeutic target for neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu215006, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Geriatric Psychiatry, Changzhou Dean Hospital, Changzhou, Jiangsu213000, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Central Laboratory, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu212001, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wei Han
- Department of Central Laboratory, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu212001, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu212001, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuhao Xu
- Department of Central Laboratory, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu212001, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu212001, People’s Republic of China
| | - Dapeng Li
- Department of Central Laboratory, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu212001, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qun Xue
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu215006, People’s Republic of China
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miR-16-5p and miR-19b-3p prevent amyloid β-induced injury by targeting BACE1 in SH-SY5Y cells. Neuroreport 2021; 31:205-212. [PMID: 31876684 DOI: 10.1097/wnr.0000000000001379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Alzheimer's disease is the most common neurodegenerative disease, characterized by accumulation of amyloid β peptides. MicroRNAs have been identified as significant regulators and therapeutic targets of Alzheimer's disease. However, the roles of miR-16-5p and miR-19b-3p and their mechanisms in Alzheimer's disease progression remain largely unknown. MATERIALS AND METHODS Amyloid β-treated SH-SY5Y cells were used to study Alzheimer's disease progression in vitro. Transfection was conducted into SH-SY5Y cells using Lipofectamine 2000. The expression levels of miR-16-5p, miR-19b-3p and beta-site amyloid precursor protein cleaving enzyme 1 (BACE1) were measured by quantitative real-time PCR or western blot, respectively. Cell viability and apoptosis were detected in amyloid β-treated SH-SY5Y cells by MTT or flow cytometry, respectively. The interaction between BACE1 and miR-16-5p or miR-19b-3p was explored by luciferase reporter and RNA immunoprecipitation analyses. RESULTS The expression levels of miR-16-5p and miR-19b-3p were reduced but BACE1 protein expression was enhanced in SH-SY5Y cells after treatment of amyloid β. Overexpression of miR-16-5p or miR-19b-3p attenuated amyloid β-induced viability inhibition and apoptosis promotion in SH-SY5Y cells, while their knockdown exacerbated amyloid β-induced injury. BACE1 was confirmed as a target of miR-16-5p and miR-19b-3p and its overexpression aggravated amyloid β-induced loss of viability and production of apoptosis, while its depletion caused an opposite effect. Moreover, upregulation of BACE1 alleviated the regulatory effects of miR-16-5p and miR-19b-3p on amyloid β-induced injury. CONCLUSION MiR-16-5p and miR-19b-3p relieved amyloid β-induced injury by targeting BACE1 in SH-SY5Y cells, indicating miR-16-5p and miR-19b-3p as protective agents for treatment of Alzheimer's disease.
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Al-Rawaf HA, Alghadir AH, Gabr SA. Molecular Changes in Circulating microRNAs' Expression and Oxidative Stress in Adults with Mild Cognitive Impairment: A Biochemical and Molecular Study. Clin Interv Aging 2021; 16:57-70. [PMID: 33447019 PMCID: PMC7802783 DOI: 10.2147/cia.s285689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The release of miRNAs in tissue fluids significantly recommends its use as non-invasive diagnostic biomarkers for the progression and pathogenesis of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) in aged patients. OBJECTIVE The potential role of circulated miRNAs in the pathogenesis of MCI and its association with cellular oxidative stress, apoptosis, and circulated BDNF, Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1), and dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP4) were evaluated in older adults with MCI. METHODS A total of 150 subjects aged 65.4±3.7 years were recruited in this study. The participants were classified into two groups: healthy normal (n=80) and MCI (n=70). Real-time PCR analysis was performed to estimate the relative expression of miRNAs; miR-124a, miR-483-5p, miR-142-3p, and miR-125b, and apoptotic-related genes Bax, Bcl-2, and caspase-3 in the sera of MCI and control subjects. In addition, oxidative stress parameters; MDA, NO, SOD, and CAT; as well as plasma DPP4 activity, BDNF, SIRT1 levels were colorimetrically estimated. RESULTS The levels of miR-124a and miR-483-5p significantly increased and miR-142-3p and miR-125b significantly reduced in the serum of MCI patients compared to controls. The expressed miRNAs significantly correlated with severe cognitive decline, measured by MMSE, MoCA, ADL, and memory scores. The expression of Bax, and caspase-3 apoptotic inducing genes significantly increased and Bcl-2 antiapoptotic gene significantly reduced in MCI subjects compared to controls. In addition, the plasma levels of MDA, NO, and DPP4 activity significantly increased, and the levels of SOD, CAT, BDNF, and SIRT1 significantly reduced in MCI subjects compared to controls. The expressed miRNAs correlated positively with NO, MDA, DPP4 activity, BDNF, and SIRT-1, and negatively with the levels of CAT, SOD, Bcl-2, Bax, and caspase-3 genes. CONCLUSION Circulating miR-124a, miR-483-5p, miR-142-3p, and miR-125b significantly associated with severe cognitive decline, cellular oxidative stress, and apoptosis in patients with MCI. Thus, it could be potential non-invasive biomarkers for the diagnosis of MCI with high diagnostic performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hadeel A Al-Rawaf
- Rehabilitation Research Chair, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmad H Alghadir
- Rehabilitation Research Chair, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Sami A Gabr
- Rehabilitation Research Chair, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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Martinez B, Peplow PV. MicroRNAs in laser-induced choroidal neovascularization in mice and rats: their expression and potential therapeutic targets. Neural Regen Res 2021; 16:621-627. [PMID: 33063711 PMCID: PMC8067925 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.295271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Choroidal neovascularization characterizes wet age-related macular degeneration. Choroidal neovascularization formation involves a primarily angiogenic process that is combined with both inflammation and proteolysis. A primary cause of choroidal neovascularization pathogenesis is alterations in pro- and anti-angiogenic factors derived from the retinal pigment epithelium, with vascular endothelium growth factor being mainly responsible for both clinical and experimental choroidal neovascularization. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) which are short, non-coding, endogenous RNA molecules have a major role in regulating various pathological processes, including inflammation and angiogenesis. A review of recent studies with the mouse laser-induced choroidal neovascularization model has shown alterations in miRNA expression in choroidal neovascularization tissues and could be potential therapeutic targets for wet age-related macular degeneration. Upregulation of miR-505 (days 1 and 3 post-laser), miR-155 (day 14) occurred in retina; miR-342-5p (days 3 and 7), miR-126-3p (day 14) in choroid; miR-23a, miR-24, miR-27a (day 7) in retina/choroid; miR-505 (days 1 and 3) in retinal pigment epithelium/choroid; downregulation of miR-155 (days 1 and 3), miR-29a, miR-29b, miR-29c (day 5), miR-93 (day 14), miR-126 (day 14) occurred in retinal pigment epithelium/choroid. Therapies using miRNA mimics or inhibitors were found to decrease choroidal neovascularization lesions. Choroidal neovascularization development was reduced by overexpression of miR-155, miR-188-5p, miR-(5,B,7), miR-126-3p, miR-342-5p, miR-93, miR-126, miR-195a-3p, miR-24, miR-21, miR-31, miR-150, and miR-184, or suppression of miR-505, miR-126-3p, miR-155, and miR-23/27. Further studies are warranted to determine miRNA expression in mouse laser-induced choroidal neovascularization models in order to validate and extend the reported findings. Important experimental variables need to be standardized; these include the strain and age of animals, gender, number and position of laser burns to the eye, laser parameters to induce choroidal neovascularization lesions including wavelength, power, spot size, and duration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bridget Martinez
- Physical Chemistry and Applied Spectroscopy, Chemistry Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, USA; Department of Medicine, St. Georges University School of Medicine, Grenada
| | - Philip V Peplow
- Department of Anatomy, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
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Zeng L, Jiang HL, Ashraf GM, Li ZR, Liu R. MicroRNA and mRNA profiling of cerebral cortex in a transgenic mouse model of Alzheimer's disease by RNA sequencing. Neural Regen Res 2021; 16:2099-2108. [PMID: 33642400 PMCID: PMC8343333 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.308104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
In a previous study, we found that long non-coding genes in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) are a result of endogenous gene disorders caused by the recruitment of microRNA (miRNA) and mRNA, and that miR-200a-3p and other representative miRNAs can mediate cognitive impairment and thus serve as new biomarkers for AD. In this study, we investigated the abnormal expression of miRNA and mRNA and the pathogenesis of AD at the epigenetic level. To this aim, we performed RNA sequencing and an integrative analysis of the cerebral cortex of the widely used amyloid precursor protein and presenilin-1 double transgenic mouse model of AD. Overall, 129 mRNAs and 68 miRNAs were aberrantly expressed. Among these, eight down-regulated miRNAs and seven up-regulated miRNAs appeared as promising noninvasive biomarkers and therapeutic targets. The main enriched signaling pathways involved mitogen-activated kinase protein, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-protein kinase B, mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase, forkhead box O, and autophagy. An miRNA-mRNA network between dysregulated miRNAs and corresponding target genes connected with AD progression was also constructed. These miRNAs and mRNAs are potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets for new treatment strategies, early diagnosis, and prevention of AD. The present results provide a novel perspective on the role of miRNAs and mRNAs in AD. This study was approved by the Experimental Animal Care and Use Committee of Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology of Beijing, China (approval No. IMB-201909-D6) on September 6, 2019.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zeng
- Organic Chemistry and Function Laboratory, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Hai-Lun Jiang
- Organic Chemistry and Function Laboratory, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Ghulam Md Ashraf
- King Fahd Medical Research Center; Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Zhuo-Rong Li
- Organic Chemistry and Function Laboratory, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Rui Liu
- Organic Chemistry and Function Laboratory, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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Herrera-Espejo S, Santos-Zorrozua B, Alvarez-Gonzalez P, Martin-Guerrero I, M de Pancorbo M, Garcia-Orad A, Lopez-Lopez E. A Genome-Wide Study of Single-Nucleotide Polymorphisms in MicroRNAs and Further In Silico Analysis Reveals Their Putative Role in Susceptibility to Late-Onset Alzheimer's Disease. Mol Neurobiol 2020; 58:55-64. [PMID: 32892277 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-020-02103-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Late-onset Alzheimer's disease (LOAD) is a neurodegenerative disorder of growing relevance in an aging society for which predictive biomarkers are needed. Many genes involved in LOAD are tightly controlled by microRNAs (miRNAs), which can be modulated by single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). Our aim was to determine the association between SNPs in miRNAs and LOAD. We selected all SNPs in pre-miRNAs with a minor allele frequency (MAF) > 1% and genotyped them in a cohort of 229 individuals diagnosed with LOAD and 237 unrelated healthy controls. In silico analyses were performed to predict the effect of SNPs on miRNA stability and detect downstream pathways. Four SNPs were associated with LOAD risk with a p value < 0.01 (rs74704964 in hsa-miR-518d, rs71363366 in hsa-miR-1283-2, rs11983381 in hsa-miR-4653, and rs10934682 in hsa-miR-544b). In silico analyses support a possible functional effect of those SNPs in miRNA levels and in the regulation of pathways of relevance for the development of LOAD. Although the results are promising, additional studies are needed to validate the association between SNPs in miRNAs and the risk of developing LOAD. Graphical abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soraya Herrera-Espejo
- Department of Genetics, Physical Anthropology and Animal Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Spain
| | - Borja Santos-Zorrozua
- Department of Genetics, Physical Anthropology and Animal Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Spain
| | - Paula Alvarez-Gonzalez
- Department of Genetics, Physical Anthropology and Animal Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Spain
| | - Idoia Martin-Guerrero
- Department of Genetics, Physical Anthropology and Animal Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Spain.,BioCruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, Barakaldo, Spain
| | - Marian M de Pancorbo
- BIOMICs Research Group, Centro de Investigación "Lascaray" Ikergunea, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Spain
| | - Africa Garcia-Orad
- Department of Genetics, Physical Anthropology and Animal Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Spain.,BioCruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, Barakaldo, Spain
| | - Elixabet Lopez-Lopez
- Department of Genetics, Physical Anthropology and Animal Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Spain. .,BioCruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, Barakaldo, Spain.
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De Felice B, Montanino C, Oliva M, Bonavita S, Di Onofrio V, Coppola C. MicroRNA Expression Signature in Mild Cognitive Impairment Due to Alzheimer's Disease. Mol Neurobiol 2020; 57:4408-4416. [PMID: 32737762 PMCID: PMC7515963 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-020-02029-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) defines an intermediate state between normal ageing and dementia, including Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Identification of MCI subjects who will progress to AD (MCI-AD) is today of crucial importance, especially in light of the possible development of new pathogenic therapies. Several evidences suggest that miRNAs could play relevant roles in the biogenesis of AD, and the links between selected miRNAs and specific pathogenic aspects have been partly explored. In this study, we analysed the composition of microRNA transcriptome in blood, serum and cerebrospinal fluid samples from MCI-AD subjects, from an enriched small RNA library. Real-time qPCR from MCI-AD and AD patients and normal controls was performed to profile miRNA expression. In particular, four microRNAs, hsa-mir-5588-5p, hsa-mir-3658, hsa-mir-567 and hsa-mir-3908, among all selected microRNAs, are dysregulated. Hsa-mir-567 was found to be differentially expressed in cerebrospinal fluid samples, blood and serum from MCI-AD patients, showing the highest fold change and statistical significance. Target prediction analysis have been performed to evaluate mRNAs whose expression was controlled by miRNAs found to be dysregulated here, showing that hsa-mir-567 target genes are functionally active in neuronal cells. We propose that miRNA profiles found in samples from MCI-AD patients might be relevant for a better understanding of AD-related cognitive decline and could lead to set up suitable and potential biomarkers for MCI-AD progression to AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruna De Felice
- Department of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (DISTABIF), University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Via Vivaldi 43, 81100, Caserta, Italy.
| | - Concetta Montanino
- Department of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (DISTABIF), University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Via Vivaldi 43, 81100, Caserta, Italy
| | - Mariano Oliva
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania "L. Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Simona Bonavita
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania "L. Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Valeria Di Onofrio
- Department of Sciences and Technologies, University of Naples "Parthenope", Naples, Italy
| | - Cinzia Coppola
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania "L. Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
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Xue Y, Zhang L, Qiao L, Shen D. Estimating sparse functional brain networks with spatial constraints for MCI identification. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0235039. [PMID: 32707574 PMCID: PMC7381102 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0235039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2019] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Functional brain network (FBN), estimated with functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), has become a potentially useful way of diagnosing neurological disorders in their early stages by comparing the connectivity patterns between different brain regions across subjects. However, this depends, to a great extent, on the quality of the estimated FBNs, indicating that FBN estimation is a key step for the subsequent task of disorder identification. In the past decades, researchers have developed many methods to estimate FBNs, including Pearson’s correlation and (regularized) partial correlation, etc. Despite their widespread applications in current studies, most of the existing methods estimate FBNs only based on the dependency between the measured blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) signals, which ignores spatial relationship of signals associated with different brain regions. Due to the space and material parsimony principle of our brain, we believe that the spatial distance between brain regions has an important influence on FBN topology. Therefore, in this paper, we assume that spatially neighboring brain regions tend to have stronger connections and/or share similar connections with others; based on this assumption, we propose two novel methods to estimate FBNs by incorporating the information of brain region distance into the estimation model. To validate the effectiveness of the proposed methods, we use the estimated FBNs to identify subjects with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) from normal controls (NCs). Experimental results show that the proposed methods are better than the baseline methods in the sense of MCI identification accuracy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanfang Xue
- School of Mathematics, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, China
| | - Limei Zhang
- School of Mathematics, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, China
| | - Lishan Qiao
- School of Mathematics, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, China
- * E-mail:
| | - Dinggang Shen
- Department of Radiology and BRIC, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
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38
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Soleimani Zakeri NS, Pashazadeh S, MotieGhader H. Gene biomarker discovery at different stages of Alzheimer using gene co-expression network approach. Sci Rep 2020; 10:12210. [PMID: 32699331 PMCID: PMC7376049 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-69249-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a chronic neurodegenerative disorder. It is the most common type of dementia that has remained as an incurable disease in the world, which destroys the brain cells irreversibly. In this study, a systems biology approach was adopted to discover novel micro-RNA and gene-based biomarkers of the diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease. The gene expression data from three AD stages (Normal, Mild Cognitive Impairment, and Alzheimer) were used to reconstruct co-expression networks. After preprocessing and normalization, Weighted Gene Co-Expression Network Analysis (WGCNA) was used on a total of 329 samples, including 145 samples of Alzheimer stage, 80 samples of Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) stage, and 104 samples of the Normal stage. Next, three gene-miRNA bipartite networks were reconstructed by comparing the changes in module groups. Then, the functional enrichment analyses of extracted genes of three bipartite networks and miRNAs were done, respectively. Finally, a detailed analysis of the authentic studies was performed to discuss the obtained biomarkers. The outcomes addressed proposed novel genes, including MBOAT1, ARMC7, RABL2B, HNRNPUL1, LAMTOR1, PLAGL2, CREBRF, LCOR, and MRI1and novel miRNAs comprising miR-615-3p, miR-4722-5p, miR-4768-3p, miR-1827, miR-940 and miR-30b-3p which were related to AD. These biomarkers were proposed to be related to AD for the first time and should be examined in future clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Saeid Pashazadeh
- Faculty of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Habib MotieGhader
- Department of Computer Engineering, Gowgan Educational Center, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran
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Li B, Nasser M, Masood M, Adlat S, Huang Y, Yang B, Luo C, Jiang N. Efficiency of Traditional Chinese medicine targeting the Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 126:110074. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2020] [Revised: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
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Wang Y, Chang Q. MicroRNA miR-212 regulates PDCD4 to attenuate Aβ 25-35-induced neurotoxicity via PI3K/AKT signaling pathway in Alzheimer's disease. Biotechnol Lett 2020; 42:1789-1797. [PMID: 32474742 DOI: 10.1007/s10529-020-02915-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease in the elderly. MicroRNA (miRNA) miR-212-3p (miR-212) has been reported to dysregulated in many neurodegenerative diseases including AD. However, the mechanism and function of miR-212 in AD has not been reported. METHODS The levels of miR-212 and PDCD4 in AD patients and Aβ25-35-treated SH-SY5Y and IMR-32 cells were measured by qRT-PCR and/or Western blot. The putative target of miR-212 was predicted by DIANA tools online database and the interaction between miR-212 and PDCD4 was validated by dual luciferase reporter assay and RNA pull-down assay. The cell proliferation, cell apoptosis and the protein levels of Bcl-2, Bax, Cleaved caspase 3, p-PI3K, PI3K, p-ATK and ATK were measured by MTT assay, flow cytometry and Western blot. RESULTS The level of miR-212 was apparently down-regulated, and the level of PDCD4 was significantly up-regulated in plasma from AD patients and Aβ25-35-treated SH-SY5Y and IMR-32 cells. Following a dual luciferase reporter assay verified the direct interaction between miR-212 and PDCD4. The RNA pull-down assay further validated this interaction. The functional experiment indicated that PDCD4 mitigated the promotion effects on cell viability, the apoptosis-inhibited protein Bcl-2, the ratio of p-PI3K/PI3K, p-ATK/ATK and the suppressive effects on cell apoptosis and the corresponding protein levels of Bax, Cleaved caspase 3 caused by miR-212 mimics. CONCLUSION All the data in this study revealed that miR-212 modulated PDCD4 to regulate cell proliferation, apoptosis through PI3K/AKT signaling pathway in Aβ25-35-treated SH-SY5Y and IMR-32 cells, and this new regulatory network may provide a novel mechanism of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanjun Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Dalian University Affiliated Xinhua Hospital, Dalian, 116021, China
| | - Qing Chang
- Department of Neurology, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, No. 467 Zhongshan Rd, Shahekou District, Dalian, 116023, China.
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41
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Li P, Xu Y, Wang B, Huang J, Li Q. miR-34a-5p and miR-125b-5p attenuate Aβ-induced neurotoxicity through targeting BACE1. J Neurol Sci 2020; 413:116793. [PMID: 32251872 DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2020.116793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2019] [Revised: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Accumulation of β-amyloid (Aβ) could induce neurotoxicity in Alzheimer's disease (AD). microRNA (miR)-34a-5p and miR-125b-5p have been reported to be aberrantly expressed in AD patients. However, the roles and mechanisms of these two miRNAs in AD remain poorly understood. METHODS Serum samples of 27 AD patients were collected. Primary mouse cortical neurons (MCN) and Neuro2a (N2a) cells were incubated with Aβ. The expression levels of miR-34a-5p, miR-125b-5p and β-site amyloid precursor protein cleaving enzyme 1 (BACE1) were detected by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and western blot. The effect of miRNAs or epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) on Aβ-induced neurotoxicity was investigated by cell viability, Caspase 3 activity, apoptosis and intracellular ROS production. The interaction between BACE1 and miR-34a-5p or miR-125b-5p was analyzed by luciferase reporter assay. RESULTS miR-34a-5p and miR-125b-5p levels were decreased and BACE1 mRNA expression was increased in AD patients and Aβ-treated MCN and N2a cells. Addition of miR-34a-5p or miR-125b-5p attenuated Aβ-induced apoptosis and oxidative stress. BACE1 acted as a target of miR-34a-5p and miR-125b-5p and its restoration weakened the effect of miR-34a-5p or miR-125b-5p on Aβ-induced neurotoxicity. Moreover, EGCG could mitigate Aβ-induced neurotoxicity, which might be associated with miR-34a-5p and miR-125b-5p. CONCLUSION miR-34a-5p and miR-125b-5p inhibited Aβ-induced neurotoxicity by decreasing apoptosis and oxidative stress via targeting BACE1, providing novel targets for treatment of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengxiang Li
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, 570311 Haikou, Hainan, China.
| | - Ying Xu
- Department of Radiotherapy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, 570311 Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Baiping Wang
- Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, 570311 Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Jiali Huang
- Department of Functional, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, 570311 Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Qiang Li
- Department of Interventional, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, 450000 Zhengzhou, Henan, China
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Kalpachidou T, Kummer KK, Mitrić M, Kress M. Tissue Specific Reference Genes for MicroRNA Expression Analysis in a Mouse Model of Peripheral Nerve Injury. Front Mol Neurosci 2019; 12:283. [PMID: 31824261 PMCID: PMC6883285 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2019.00283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have emerged as master switch regulators in many biological processes in health and disease, including neuropathy. miRNAs are commonly quantified by reverse transcription quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR), usually estimated as relative expression through reference genes normalization. Different non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) are used for miRNA normalization; however, there is no study identifying the optimal reference genes in animal models for peripheral nerve injury. We evaluated the stability of eleven ncRNAs, commonly used for miRNA normalization, in dorsal root ganglia (DRG), dorsal horn of the spinal cord (dhSC), and medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) in the mouse spared nerve injury (SNI) model. After RT-qPCR, the stability of each ncRNA was determined by using four different methods: BestKeeper, the comparative delta-Cq method, geNorm, and NormFinder. The candidates were rated according to their performance in each method and an overall ranking list was compiled. The most stable ncRNAs were: sno420, sno429, and sno202 in DRG; sno429, sno202, and U6 in dhSC; sno202, sno420, and sno142 in mPFC. We provide the first reference genes' evaluation for miRNA normalization in different neuronal tissues in an animal model of peripheral nerve injury. Our results underline the need for careful selection of reference genes for miRNA normalization in different tissues and experimental conditions. We further anticipate that our findings can be used in a broad range of nerve injury related studies, to ensure validity and promote reproducibility in miRNA quantification.
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43
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Proteins and microRNAs are differentially expressed in tear fluid from patients with Alzheimer's disease. Sci Rep 2019; 9:15437. [PMID: 31659197 PMCID: PMC6817868 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-51837-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2019] [Accepted: 09/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by a progressive loss of neurons and cognitive functions. Therefore, early diagnosis of AD is critical. The development of practical and non-invasive diagnostic tests for AD remains, however, an unmet need. In the present proof-of-concept study we investigated tear fluid as a novel source of disease-specific protein and microRNA-based biomarkers for AD development using samples from patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and AD. Tear protein content was evaluated via liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry and microRNA content was profiled using a genome-wide high-throughput PCR-based platform. These complementary approaches identified enrichment of specific proteins and microRNAs in tear fluid of AD patients. In particular, we identified elongation initiation factor 4E (eIF4E) as a unique protein present only in AD samples. Total microRNA abundance was found to be higher in tears from AD patients. Among individual microRNAs, microRNA-200b-5p was identified as a potential biomarker for AD with elevated levels present in AD tear fluid samples compared to controls. Our study suggests that tears may be a useful novel source of biomarkers for AD and that the identification and verification of biomarkers within tears may allow for the development of a non-invasive and cost-effective diagnostic test for AD.
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44
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Saliva, an easily accessible fluid as diagnostic tool and potent stem cell source for Alzheimer's Disease: Present and future applications. Brain Res 2019; 1727:146535. [PMID: 31669827 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2019.146535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Revised: 09/16/2019] [Accepted: 10/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive and multifactorial disease. Many scientific advances have advanced our understanding of the pathogenesis of AD. However, the clinical diagnosis of AD remains difficult, with only post-mortem assays confirming its definitive diagnosis. There is a crucial need for an early and accurate detection of AD related symptoms. To date, current diagnosis techniques are costly or invasive. Finding a peripheral biomarker that could provide a sensitive, reproducible, and accurate detection prior to the onset of the AD clinical symptoms will allow identification of "at risk" individuals, thereby facilitating early initiation of treatments that may prove more effective. Salivary glands contain stem cells, which are affected by aging, suggesting that tissue samples from these glands may reveal a stem cell biomarker of AD, but also stem cells may be harvested from these glands, with proper timing and isolation technique, for cell-based regenerative medicine. Alternatively, instead of the salivary glands, saliva may represent an attractive source for biomarkers due to minimal discomfort to the patient, non-invasive collection, and the possibility of cost-effective screening large populations, encouraging greater compliance in clinical trials and frequent testing. In addition, salivary glands contain stem cells, which are likely also present in the saliva, making these cells as potentially sensitive cellular biomarker of and a therapeutic agent for AD. The aim of this review is to critically analyze the use of saliva for the identification of circulating biological markers to help the diagnosis of early cognitive impairment associated with AD and to generate insights into the potential application of stem cells derived from salivary glands or saliva as therapeutics (i.e., stem cell transplantation) for the disease.
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45
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Salama II, Salama SI, Elmosalami DM, Saleh RM, Rasmy H, Ibrahim MH, Kamel SA, Ganem MMF, Raslan HM. Risk Factors Associated with Mild Cognitive Impairment among Apparently Healthy People and the Role of MicroRNAs. Open Access Maced J Med Sci 2019; 7:3253-3261. [PMID: 31949526 PMCID: PMC6953955 DOI: 10.3889/oamjms.2019.834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2019] [Revised: 09/18/2019] [Accepted: 09/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is a stage between the expected cognitive decline of normal ageing and the serious decline of dementia. AIM: To identify risk factors and role of miRNAs associated with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) among employees. SUBJECTS AND METHOD: A cross-sectional study was carried out on 186 employees aged between 40 and 65 years. Cognitive function was evaluated using ACEIII, MoCA, and Quick cognitive tests. Medical history and lifestyle were assessed. Family 132 & 134 miRNA expressions were assessed by real-time PCR. RESULTS: MCI was detected among 14 / 186 (7.5%). miRNA 132 expression was the only significant miRNAs to detect MCI with low sensitivity and specificity (70%). The logistic analysis revealed that higher miRNA132 expressions, low monthly intake of; vegetables, unroasted nuts, low education and higher ALT levels were predicting factors for MCI with AOR 1.1 (1.01-3.3), 1.2 (1.04-1.43), 0.8 (0.8-0.98), 2.7 (1.9-7.4) and 1.6 (1.1-2.3) respectively. CONCLUSION: MiRNAs expression showed low sensitivity and specificity in detecting MCI; only miRNA 132 might be used. Several modifiable factors seem to reduce the risk of MCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iman I Salama
- Community Medicine Research Department, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Somaia I Salama
- Community Medicine Research Department, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Dalia M Elmosalami
- Community Medicine Research Department, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Rehan M Saleh
- Community Medicine Research Department, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Hanaa Rasmy
- Clinical and Chemical Pathology Medical Division, Centre of Excellence, Department, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mona Hamed Ibrahim
- Clinical and Chemical Pathology Medical Division, Centre of Excellence, Department, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Solaf Ahmed Kamel
- Clinical and Chemical Pathology Medical Division, Centre of Excellence, Department, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mona M F Ganem
- Internal Medicine Research Department, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Hala M Raslan
- Internal Medicine Research Department, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
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Weldon Furr J, Morales-Scheihing D, Manwani B, Lee J, McCullough LD. Cerebral Amyloid Angiopathy, Alzheimer's Disease and MicroRNA: miRNA as Diagnostic Biomarkers and Potential Therapeutic Targets. Neuromolecular Med 2019; 21:369-390. [PMID: 31586276 DOI: 10.1007/s12017-019-08568-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2019] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The protein molecules must fold into unique conformations to acquire functional activity. Misfolding, aggregation, and deposition of proteins in diverse organs, the so-called "protein misfolding disorders (PMDs)", represent the conformational diseases with highly ordered assemblies, including oligomers and fibrils that are linked to neurodegeneration in brain illnesses such as cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) and Alzheimer's disease (AD). Recent studies have revealed several aspects of brain pathology in CAA and AD, but both the classification and underlying mechanisms need to be further refined. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are critical regulators of gene expression at the post-transcriptional level. Increasing evidence with the advent of RNA sequencing technology suggests possible links between miRNAs and these neurodegenerative disorders. To provide insights on the small RNA-mediated regulatory circuitry and the translational significance of miRNAs in PMDs, this review will discuss the characteristics and mechanisms of the diseases and summarize circulating or tissue-resident miRNAs associated with AD and CAA.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Weldon Furr
- BRAINS Research Laboratory, University of Texas McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Diego Morales-Scheihing
- BRAINS Research Laboratory, University of Texas McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Bharti Manwani
- BRAINS Research Laboratory, University of Texas McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Juneyoung Lee
- BRAINS Research Laboratory, University of Texas McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Louise D McCullough
- BRAINS Research Laboratory, University of Texas McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
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Guzman-Martinez L, Maccioni RB, Andrade V, Navarrete LP, Pastor MG, Ramos-Escobar N. Neuroinflammation as a Common Feature of Neurodegenerative Disorders. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:1008. [PMID: 31572186 PMCID: PMC6751310 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.01008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 405] [Impact Index Per Article: 81.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2019] [Accepted: 08/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases share the fact that they derive from altered proteins that undergo an unfolding process followed by formation of β-structures and a pathological tendency to self-aggregate in neuronal cells. This is a characteristic of tau protein in Alzheimer’s disease and several tauopathies associated with tau unfolding, α-synuclein in Parkinson’s disease, and huntingtin in Huntington disease. Usually, the self-aggregation products are toxic to these cells, and toxicity spreads all over different brain areas. We have postulated that these protein unfolding events are the molecular alterations that trigger several neurodegenerative disorders. Most interestingly, these events occur as a result of neuroinflammatory cascades involving alterations in the cross-talks between glial cells and neurons as a consequence of the activation of microglia and astrocytes. The model we have hypothesized for Alzheimer’s disease involves damage signals that promote glial activation, followed by nuclear factor NF-kβ activation, synthesis, and release of proinflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-1, IL-6, and IL-12 that affect neuronal receptors with an overactivation of protein kinases. These patterns of pathological events can be applied to several neurodegenerative disorders. In this context, the involvement of innate immunity seems to be a major paradigm in the pathogenesis of these diseases. This is an important element for the search for potential therapeutic approaches for all these brain disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo Guzman-Martinez
- Laboratory of Neuroscience, Faculty of Sciences, University of Chile & International Center for Biomedicine (ICC), Santiago, Chile
| | - Ricardo B Maccioni
- Laboratory of Neuroscience, Faculty of Sciences, University of Chile & International Center for Biomedicine (ICC), Santiago, Chile.,Department of Neurological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Víctor Andrade
- Laboratory of Neuroscience, Faculty of Sciences, University of Chile & International Center for Biomedicine (ICC), Santiago, Chile
| | - Leonardo Patricio Navarrete
- Laboratory of Neuroscience, Faculty of Sciences, University of Chile & International Center for Biomedicine (ICC), Santiago, Chile
| | - María Gabriela Pastor
- Laboratory of Neuroscience, Faculty of Sciences, University of Chile & International Center for Biomedicine (ICC), Santiago, Chile.,Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Nicolas Ramos-Escobar
- Laboratory of Neuroscience, Faculty of Sciences, University of Chile & International Center for Biomedicine (ICC), Santiago, Chile
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Wiest I, Wiemers T, Kraus MJ, Neeb H, Strasser EF, Hausner L, Frölich L, Bugert P. Multivariate Platelet Analysis Differentiates Between Patients with Alzheimer's Disease and Healthy Controls at First Clinical Diagnosis. J Alzheimers Dis 2019; 71:993-1004. [PMID: 31450503 DOI: 10.3233/jad-190574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Early diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease (AD) is challenging, and easily accessible biomarkers are an unmet need. Blood platelets frequently serve as peripheral model for studying AD pathogenesis and might represent a reasonable biomarker source. OBJECTIVE In the present study, we investigated the potential to differentiate AD patients from healthy controls (HC) based on blood count, platelet morphology, and function as well as molecular markers at the time of first clinical diagnosis. METHODS Blood samples from 40 AD patients and 29 age-matched HC were included for determination of 78 parameter by blood counting, platelet morphometry, aggregometry, flow cytometry (CD62P, CD63, activated fibrinogen receptor), protein quantification of nicotinic acetylcholine receptor α7 (nAChRα7) and caveolin-1 (CAV-1), and miRNA quantification (miR-26b, miR-199a, miR-335). Group comparison between patients and controls was performed in univariate and multivariate statistical analyses. RESULTS AD patients showed significantly lower aggregation response to ADP and arachidonic acid and significantly decreased CD62P and CD63 surface expression induced by ADP and U46619 compared to HC. Relative nAChRα7 and CAV-1 expression was significantly higher AD platelets than in HC. Multivariate analysis of 63 parameter revealed significant differences between AD patients and healthy controls. The best performing feature model revealed a sensitivity of 96.6%, a specificity of 80.0%, and a positive predictive value of 89.3%. No grouping could be achieved by using single parameter groups. CONCLUSION Significant differences between platelet characteristics from AD patients and HC at the time of first clinical diagnosis were observed. The best performing parameter can be used as a blood-based biomarker for AD diagnosis in a multivariate model in addition to the standardized mental tests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabella Wiest
- Institute of Transfusion Medicine and Immunology, Heidelberg University, Medical Faculty Mannheim, German Red Cross Blood Service of Baden-Württemberg - Hessen gGmbH, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Tim Wiemers
- Institute of Transfusion Medicine and Immunology, Heidelberg University, Medical Faculty Mannheim, German Red Cross Blood Service of Baden-Württemberg - Hessen gGmbH, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Max-Joseph Kraus
- Geiselgasteig Ambulance Gruenwald, Munich, Germany.,Institute for Medical Engineering and Information Processing, University of Koblenz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Heiko Neeb
- Institute for Medical Engineering and Information Processing, University of Koblenz, Mainz, Germany.,Multimodal Imaging Physics Group, University of Applied Sciences Koblenz, Koblenz, Germany
| | - Erwin F Strasser
- Department of Transfusion and Hemostaseology, University Hospital of Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Lucrezia Hausner
- Department of Geriatric Psychiatry, Central Institute for Mental Health, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Lutz Frölich
- Department of Geriatric Psychiatry, Central Institute for Mental Health, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Peter Bugert
- Institute of Transfusion Medicine and Immunology, Heidelberg University, Medical Faculty Mannheim, German Red Cross Blood Service of Baden-Württemberg - Hessen gGmbH, Mannheim, Germany
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49
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Sun Y, Liang L, Dong M, Li C, Liu Z, Gao H. Cofilin 2 in Serum as a Novel Biomarker for Alzheimer's Disease in Han Chinese. Front Aging Neurosci 2019; 11:214. [PMID: 31447667 PMCID: PMC6696795 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2019.00214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The identification of biomarkers of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is an important and urgent area of study, not only to aid in the early diagnosis of AD, but also to evaluate potentially new anti-AD drugs. The aim of this study was to explore cofilin 2 in serum as a novel biomarker for AD. The upregulation was observed in AD patients and different AD animal models compared to the controls, as well as in AD cell models. Memantine and donepezil can attenuate the upregulation of cofilin 2 expression in APP/PS1 mice. The serum levels of cofilin 2 in AD or mild cognitive impairment (MCI) patients were significantly higher compared to controls (AD: 167.9 ± 35.3 pg/mL; MCI: 115.9 ± 15.4 pg/mL; Control: 90.5 ± 27.1 pg/mL; p < 0.01). A significant correlation between cofilin 2 levels and cognitive decline was observed (r = –0.792; p < 0.001). The receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) analysis showed the area under the curve (AUC) of cofilin 2 was 0.957, and the diagnostic accuracy was 80%, with 93% sensitivity and 87% specificity. The optimal cut-off value was 130.4 pg/ml. Our results indicate the possibility of serum cofilin 2 as a novel and non-invasive biomarker for AD. In addition, the expression of cofilin 2 was found to be significantly increased in AD compared to vascular dementia (VaD), and only an increased trend but not significant was detected in VaD compared to the controls. ROC analysis between AD and VaD showed that the AUC was 0.824, which could indicate a role of cofilin 2 as a biomarker in the differential diagnosis between AD and VaD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingni Sun
- School of Life Sciences, Ludong University, Yantai, China
| | - Lisheng Liang
- Department of Pain, Qingdao University Medical College Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Yantai, China
| | - Meili Dong
- Central Sterile Supply Department, Qingdao University Medical College Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Yantai, China
| | - Cong Li
- Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Zhenzhen Liu
- Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, College of Chemistry, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - Hongwei Gao
- School of Life Sciences, Ludong University, Yantai, China
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50
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Ke S, Yang Z, Yang F, Wang X, Tan J, Liao B. Long Noncoding RNA NEAT1 Aggravates Aβ-Induced Neuronal Damage by Targeting miR-107 in Alzheimer's Disease. Yonsei Med J 2019; 60:640-650. [PMID: 31250578 PMCID: PMC6597469 DOI: 10.3349/ymj.2019.60.7.640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2018] [Revised: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common neurodegenerative disease, with a rising prevalence worldwide. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been found to play important roles in the development and treatment of AD. However, the exact role of lncRNA nuclear enriched abundant transcript 1 (NEAT1) in neuronal damage in AD is largely unknown. MATERIALS AND METHODS The AD model was established in SH-SY5Y and SK-N-SH cells via treatment with amyloid β1-42 (Aβ). The expression of NEAT1 and microRNA-107 (miR-107) was measured by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Cell viability and apoptosis were detected by MTT assay, immunocytochemistry, and flow cytometry. The expression of phosphorylated tau protein (p-Tau) was measured by Western blot. The interaction between NEAT1 and miR-107 was explored by bioinformatics analysis, luciferase activity, and RNA immunoprecipitation assays. RESULTS NEAT1 expression was enhanced in Aβ-treated SH-SY5Y and SK-N-SH cells, and its knockdown attenuated Aβ-induced inhibition of viability and promotion of apoptosis and p-Tau levels. NEAT1 was indicated as a decoy of miR-107. miR-107 abundance was reduced in Aβ-treated cells, and its overexpression reversed Aβ-induced injury. Moreover, interference of miR-107 abated silencing of NEAT1-mediated inhibition of neuronal damage in Aβ-treated SH-SY5Y and SK-N-SH cells. CONCLUSION LncRNA NEAT1 aggravated Aβ-induced neuronal damage by sponging miR-107, indicating a novel avenue for treatment of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sha Ke
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhaohui Yang
- Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan, China
| | - Fei Yang
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiaoming Wang
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan, China
| | - Juan Tan
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan, China
| | - Bo Liao
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan, China.
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