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Zhang QX, Zhang LJ, Zhao N, Yang L. Irisin in ischemic stroke, Alzheimer's disease and depression: a Narrative Review. Brain Res 2024; 1845:149192. [PMID: 39214327 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2024.149192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2024] [Revised: 08/19/2024] [Accepted: 08/21/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Irisin is a glycosylated protein formed from the hydrolysis of fibronectin type III domain-containing protein 5 (FNDC5). Irisin is widely involved in the regulation of glucose and lipid metabolism. In addition, recent studies have demonstrated that Irisin can inhibit inflammation, restrain oxidative stress and have neuroprotective effects, which suggests that Irisin may have a good therapeutic effect on central nervous system diseases. Therefore, this review summarizes the role of Irisin in central nervous system diseases, including its signal pathways and possible mechanisms, etc. Irisin may be a potential candidate drug for the treatment of central nervous system diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiu-Xia Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, PR China
| | - Lin-Jie Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, PR China
| | - Ning Zhao
- Department of Neurology, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, PR China
| | - Li Yang
- Department of Neurology, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, PR China.
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Zheng J, Zhang J, Han J, Zhao Z, Lin K. The effect of salidroside in promoting endogenous neural regeneration after cerebral ischemia/reperfusion involves notch signaling pathway and neurotrophic factors. BMC Complement Med Ther 2024; 24:293. [PMID: 39090706 PMCID: PMC11295647 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-024-04597-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Salidroside is the major bioactive and pharmacological active substance in Rhodiola rosea L. It has been reported to have neuroprotective effects on cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (I/R). However, whether salidroside can enhance neural regeneration after cerebral I/R is still unknown. This study investigated the effects of salidroside on the endogenous neural regeneration after cerebral I/R and the related mechanism. METHODS Focal cerebral I/R was induced in rats by transient middle cerebral artery occlusion/reperfusion (MCAO/R). The rats were intraperitoneally treated salidroside once daily for 7 consecutive days. Neurobehavioral assessments were performed at 3 days and 7 days after the injury. TTC staining was performed to assess cerebral infarct volume. To evaluate the survival of neurons, immunohistochemical staining of Neuronal Nuclei (NeuN) in the ischemic hemisphere were conducted. Also, immunofluorescence double or triple staining of the biomarkers of proliferating neural progenitor cells in Subventricular Zone (SVZ) and striatum of the ischemia hemisphere were performed to investigate the neurogenesis. Furthermore, reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) were used to detect the expression of neurotrophic factors (NTFs) brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and nerve growth factor (NGF). Expression of Notch1 and its target molecular Hes1 were also analyzed by western-blotting and RT-PCR. RESULTS Salidroside treatment ameliorated I/R induced neurobehavioral impairment, and reduced infarct volume. Salidroside also restored NeuN positive cells loss after I/R injury. Cerebral I/R injury significantly increased the expression of 5-Bromo-2'-Deoxyuridine (BrdU) and doublecotin (DCX), elevated the number of BrdU/Nestin/DCX triple-labeled cells in SVZ, and BrdU/Nestin/glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) triple-labeled cells in striatum. Salidroside treatment further promoted the proliferation of BrdU/DCX labeled neuroblasts and BrdU/Nestin/GFAP labeled reactive astrocytes. Furthermore, salidroside elevated the mRNA expression and protein concentration of BDNF and NGF in ischemia periphery area, as well. Mechanistically, salidroside elevated Notch1/Hes1 mRNA expression in SVZ. The protein levels of them were also increased after salidroside administration. CONCLUSIONS Salidroside enhances the endogenous neural regeneration after cerebral I/R. The mechanism of the effect may involve the regulation of BDNF/NGF and Notch signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiabing Zheng
- Fujian Medical Universtity Union Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Jizhou Zhang
- Institute of Materia Medica, Fujian Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Han
- Institute of Materia Medica, Fujian Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhichang Zhao
- Fujian Medical Universtity Union Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Kan Lin
- Fujian Medical Universtity Union Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, People's Republic of China.
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Balikci A, May-Benson TA, Sirma GC, Ilbay G. HEP ® (Homeostasis-Enrichment-Plasticity) Approach Changes Sensory-Motor Development Trajectory and Improves Parental Goals: A Single Subject Study of an Infant with Hemiparetic Cerebral Palsy and Twin Anemia Polycythemia Sequence (TAPS). CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 11:876. [PMID: 39062325 PMCID: PMC11276252 DOI: 10.3390/children11070876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2024] [Revised: 07/16/2024] [Accepted: 07/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Early intervention (EI) for infants identified as being at high risk for cerebral palsy (CP), or who have been diagnosed with it, is critical for promotion of postnatal brain organization. The aim of this study was to explore the effectiveness of the Homeostasis-Enrichment-Plasticity (HEP) Approach, which is a contemporary EI model that applies the key principles of enriched environment paradigms and neuronal plasticity from experimental animal studies to ecological theories of human development on the motor development, sensory functions, and parental goals of an infant with twin anemia polycythemia sequence (TAPS) and CP. METHODS An AB phase with follow-up single case study design which consisted of multiple baseline assessments with the Peabody Developmental Motor Scales-2 (PDMS-2) and the Test of Sensory Functions in Infants (TSFI) was used. Non-overlapping confidence intervals analysis was used for pre-post PDMS-2 scores. The measurement of progress toward goals and objectives was conducted using the Goal Attainment Scale (GAS). The HEP Approach intervention consisted of 12 one-hour sessions implemented over a period of 3 months, where a physical therapist provided weekly clinic-based parental coaching. RESULTS Results found a stable baseline during Phase A and improvement in response to the HEP Approach intervention during Phase B in both the PDMS-2 and TSFI according to 2SD Band analysis. The confidence intervals for the PDMS-2 scores also indicated a significant improvement after HEP intervention. The scores for both the PDMS-2 and the TSFI were consistent or showed improvement throughout the Follow-Up phase. A GAS t-score of 77.14 indicated that the infant exceeded intervention goal expectations. CONCLUSIONS Although our findings suggest that the HEP Approach intervention has promise in enhancing sensory functions, motor skill outcomes, and parental goals in an infant with TAPS and CP, further research is required to validate and apply these results more broadly.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Gamze Cagla Sirma
- Department of Occupational Therapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Fenerbahçe University, Istanbul 34758, Türkiye;
| | - Gul Ilbay
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kocaeli University, Kocaeli 41001, Türkiye;
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Huang D, Fan Y, Zhang J, Wang Q, Ding M, Hou R, Yu K, Xiao X, Wu Y, Wu J. Dorsal dentate gyrus mediated enriched environment-induced anxiolytic and antidepressant effects in cortical infarcted mice. Exp Neurol 2024; 377:114801. [PMID: 38685308 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2024.114801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Revised: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
Anxiety and depression are the most common mental health disorders worldwide, each affecting around 30% stroke survivors. These complications not only affect the functional recovery and quality of life in stroke patients, but also are distressing for caregivers. However, effective treatments are still lacking. Enriched environment (EE), characterized with novel and multi-dimensional stimulation, has been reported to exert therapeutic effects on physical and cognitive function. In addition, EE also had potential positive effects on emotional disorders after ischemic stroke; however, the underling mechanisms have not been well elucidated. This study aimed to explore the effectiveness of EE on emotional disorders after cerebral ischemia and its underling mechanism. Sensorimotor cortical infarction was induced by photothrombosis with stable infarct location and volume, resulting in motor dysfunction, anxiety and depression-like behaviors in mice, with decreased ALFF and ReHo values and decreased c-fos expression in the infarction area and adjacent regions. Seven days' EE treatment significantly improved motor function of contralateral forelimb and exhibited anxiolytic and antidepressant effects in infarcted mice. Compared to the mice housing in a standard environment, those subjected to acute EE stimulation had significantly increased ALFF and ReHo values in the bilateral somatosensory cortex (S1, S2), dorsal dentate gyrus (dDG), dorsal CA1 of hippocampus (dCA1), lateral habenular nucleus (LHb), periaqueductal gray (PAG), ipsilateral primary motor cortex (M1), retrosplenial cortex (RSC), parietal association cortex (PtA), dorsal CA3 of hippocampus (dCA3), claustrum (Cl), ventral pallidum (VP), amygdala (Amy), and contralateral auditory cortex (Au). Some of, but not all, the ipsilateral brain regions mentioned above showed accompanying increases in c-fos expression with the most significant changes in the dDG. The number of FosB positive cells in the dDG, decreased in infarcted mice, was significantly increased after chronic EE treatment. Chemogenetic activation of dDG neurons reduced anxiety and depressive-like behaviors in infarcted mice, while neuronal inhibition resulted in void of the anxiolytic and antidepressant effects of EE. Altogether, these findings indicated that dDG neurons may mediate EE-triggered anxiolytic and antidepressant effects in cortical infarcted mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Huang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fundan University, No. 12 Middle Urumqi Road, Jing 'an District, Shanghai 200040, China; National Center for Neurological Disorders, No. 12 Middle Urumqi Road, Jing 'an District, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Yunhui Fan
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fundan University, No. 12 Middle Urumqi Road, Jing 'an District, Shanghai 200040, China; National Center for Neurological Disorders, No. 12 Middle Urumqi Road, Jing 'an District, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Jingjun Zhang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 600 Yishan Road, Xu'hui District, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Qianfeng Wang
- Zhangjiang Brain Imaging Center, Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, No. 1159 Cailun Road, Pudong New Area, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Ming Ding
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fundan University, No. 12 Middle Urumqi Road, Jing 'an District, Shanghai 200040, China; National Center for Neurological Disorders, No. 12 Middle Urumqi Road, Jing 'an District, Shanghai 200040, China; Behavioral and Cognitive Neuroscience Center, Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, No. 1159 Cailun Road, Pudong New Area, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Ruiqing Hou
- Behavioral and Cognitive Neuroscience Center, Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, No. 1159 Cailun Road, Pudong New Area, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Kewei Yu
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fundan University, No. 12 Middle Urumqi Road, Jing 'an District, Shanghai 200040, China; National Center for Neurological Disorders, No. 12 Middle Urumqi Road, Jing 'an District, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Xiao Xiao
- Behavioral and Cognitive Neuroscience Center, Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Key Laboratory of Computational Neuroscience and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, No. 1159 Cailun Road, Pudong New Area, Shanghai 200433, China; Department of Anesthesiology, Huashan Hospital, Fundan University, No. 12 Middle Urumqi Road, Jing 'an District, Shanghai 200040, China.
| | - Yi Wu
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fundan University, No. 12 Middle Urumqi Road, Jing 'an District, Shanghai 200040, China; National Center for Neurological Disorders, No. 12 Middle Urumqi Road, Jing 'an District, Shanghai 200040, China.
| | - Junfa Wu
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fundan University, No. 12 Middle Urumqi Road, Jing 'an District, Shanghai 200040, China; National Center for Neurological Disorders, No. 12 Middle Urumqi Road, Jing 'an District, Shanghai 200040, China.
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Neves LT, Paz LV, Wieck A, Mestriner RG, de Miranda Monteiro VAC, Xavier LL. Environmental Enrichment in Stroke Research: an Update. Transl Stroke Res 2024; 15:339-351. [PMID: 36717476 DOI: 10.1007/s12975-023-01132-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Environmental enrichment (EE) refers to different forms of stimulation, where the environment is designed to improve the levels of sensory, cognitive, and motor stimuli, inducing stroke recovery in animal models. Stroke is a leading cause of mortality and neurological disability among older adults, hence the importance of developing strategies to improve recovery for such patients. This review provides an update on recent findings, compiling information regarding the parameters affected by EE exposure in both preclinical and clinical studies. During stroke recovery, EE exposure has been shown to improve both the cognitive and locomotor aspects, inducing important neuroplastic alterations, increased angiogenesis and neurogenesis, and modified gene expression, among other effects. There is a need for further research in this field, particularly in those aspects where the evidence is inconclusive. Moreover, it is necessary refine and adapt the EE paradigms for application in human patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Tartari Neves
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Biologia Celular E Molecular, Laboratório deBiologiaCelular ETecidual, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande Do Sul, PUCRS. Escola de Ciências da Saúde E da Vida, Av. Ipiranga 6681, Prédio 12C, Sala 104, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande Do Sul, CEP, 90619-900, Brazil
| | - Lisiê Valéria Paz
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Biologia Celular E Molecular, Laboratório deBiologiaCelular ETecidual, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande Do Sul, PUCRS. Escola de Ciências da Saúde E da Vida, Av. Ipiranga 6681, Prédio 12C, Sala 104, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande Do Sul, CEP, 90619-900, Brazil
| | - Andréa Wieck
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Biologia Celular E Molecular, Laboratório deBiologiaCelular ETecidual, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande Do Sul, PUCRS. Escola de Ciências da Saúde E da Vida, Av. Ipiranga 6681, Prédio 12C, Sala 104, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande Do Sul, CEP, 90619-900, Brazil
- Brain Institute of Rio Grande do Sul (BraIns), Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Av. Ipiranga, 6690 - Jardim Botânico, Porto Alegre, RS, 90610-000, Brazil
| | - Régis Gemerasca Mestriner
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Biologia Celular E Molecular, Laboratório deBiologiaCelular ETecidual, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande Do Sul, PUCRS. Escola de Ciências da Saúde E da Vida, Av. Ipiranga 6681, Prédio 12C, Sala 104, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande Do Sul, CEP, 90619-900, Brazil
| | - Valentina Aguiar Cardozo de Miranda Monteiro
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Biologia Celular E Molecular, Laboratório deBiologiaCelular ETecidual, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande Do Sul, PUCRS. Escola de Ciências da Saúde E da Vida, Av. Ipiranga 6681, Prédio 12C, Sala 104, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande Do Sul, CEP, 90619-900, Brazil
| | - Léder Leal Xavier
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Biologia Celular E Molecular, Laboratório deBiologiaCelular ETecidual, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande Do Sul, PUCRS. Escola de Ciências da Saúde E da Vida, Av. Ipiranga 6681, Prédio 12C, Sala 104, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande Do Sul, CEP, 90619-900, Brazil.
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Nie L, He J, Wang J, Wang R, Huang L, Jia L, Kim YT, Bhawal UK, Fan X, Zille M, Jiang C, Chen X, Wang J. Environmental Enrichment for Stroke and Traumatic Brain Injury: Mechanisms and Translational Implications. Compr Physiol 2023; 14:5291-5323. [PMID: 38158368 DOI: 10.1002/cphy.c230007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Acquired brain injuries, such as ischemic stroke, intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), and traumatic brain injury (TBI), can cause severe neurologic damage and even death. Unfortunately, currently, there are no effective and safe treatments to reduce the high disability and mortality rates associated with these brain injuries. However, environmental enrichment (EE) is an emerging approach to treating and rehabilitating acquired brain injuries by promoting motor, sensory, and social stimulation. Multiple preclinical studies have shown that EE benefits functional recovery, including improved motor and cognitive function and psychological benefits mediated by complex protective signaling pathways. This article provides an overview of the enriched environment protocols used in animal models of ischemic stroke, ICH, and TBI, as well as relevant clinical studies, with a particular focus on ischemic stroke. Additionally, we explored studies of animals with stroke and TBI exposed to EE alone or in combination with multiple drugs and other rehabilitation modalities. Finally, we discuss the potential clinical applications of EE in future brain rehabilitation therapy and the molecular and cellular changes caused by EE in rodents with stroke or TBI. This article aims to advance preclinical and clinical research on EE rehabilitation therapy for acquired brain injury. © 2024 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 14:5291-5323, 2024.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luwei Nie
- Department of Pain Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Department of Human Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jinxin He
- Department of Pain Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Department of Human Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
- Key Laboratory for Brain Science Research and Transformation in the Tropical Environment of Hainan Province, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Junmin Wang
- Department of Human Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
| | - Ruike Wang
- Department of Human Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
| | - Leo Huang
- Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Lin Jia
- Department of Human Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
| | - Yun Tai Kim
- Division of Functional Food Research, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea
- Department of Food Biotechnology, Korea University of Science & Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Ujjal K Bhawal
- Research Institute of Oral Science, Nihon University School of Dentistry at Matsudo, Chiba, Japan
- Center for Global Health Research, Saveetha Medical College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Xiaochong Fan
- Department of Pain Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Marietta Zille
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Chao Jiang
- Department of Neurology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
| | - Xuemei Chen
- Department of Human Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
| | - Jian Wang
- Department of Pain Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Department of Human Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
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Su W, Liu Y, Lam A, Hao X, Baudry M, Bi X. Contextual fear memory impairment in Angelman syndrome model mice is associated with altered transcriptional responses. Sci Rep 2023; 13:18647. [PMID: 37903805 PMCID: PMC10616231 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-45769-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Angelman syndrome (AS) is a rare neurogenetic disorder caused by UBE3A deficiency and characterized by severe developmental delay, cognitive impairment, and motor dysfunction. In the present study, we performed RNA-seq on hippocampal samples from both wildtype (WT) and AS male mice, with or without contextual fear memory recall. There were 281 recall-associated differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in WT mice and 268 DEGs in AS mice, with 129 shared by the two genotypes. Gene ontology analysis showed that extracellular matrix and stimulation-induced response genes were prominently enriched in recall-associated DEGs in WT mice, while nuclear acid metabolism and tissue development genes were highly enriched in those from AS mice. Further analyses showed that the 129 shared DEGs belonged to nuclear acid metabolism and tissue development genes. Unique recall DEGs in WT mice were enriched in biological processes critical for synaptic plasticity and learning and memory, including the extracellular matrix network clustered around fibronectin 1 and collagens. In contrast, AS-specific DEGs were not enriched in any known pathways. These results suggest that memory recall in AS mice, while altering the transcriptome, fails to recruit memory-associated transcriptional programs, which could be responsible for the memory impairment in AS mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenyue Su
- College of Dental Medicine, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA, 91766, USA
| | - Yan Liu
- College of Dental Medicine, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA, 91766, USA
| | - Aileen Lam
- College of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific, Western University of Health Sciences, 701 E. 2nd St., Pomona, CA, 91766-1854, USA
| | - Xiaoning Hao
- College of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific, Western University of Health Sciences, 701 E. 2nd St., Pomona, CA, 91766-1854, USA
| | - Michel Baudry
- College of Dental Medicine, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA, 91766, USA
| | - Xiaoning Bi
- College of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific, Western University of Health Sciences, 701 E. 2nd St., Pomona, CA, 91766-1854, USA.
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Han PP, Han Y, Shen XY, Gao ZK, Bi X. Enriched environment-induced neuroplasticity in ischemic stroke and its underlying mechanisms. Front Cell Neurosci 2023; 17:1210361. [PMID: 37484824 PMCID: PMC10360187 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2023.1210361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Stroke is a common cerebrovascular disease that can interrupt local blood flow in the brain, causing neuronal damage or even death, resulting in varying degrees of neurological dysfunction. Neuroplasticity is an important neurological function that helps neurons reorganize and regain function after injury. After cerebral ischemia, neuroplasticity changes are critical factors for restoring brain function. An enriched environment promotes increased neuroplasticity, thereby aiding stroke recovery. In this review, we discuss the positive effects of the enriched environment on neuroplasticity after cerebral ischemia, including synaptic plasticity, neurogenesis, and angiogenesis. In addition, we also introduce some studies on the clinical application of enriched environments in the rehabilitation of post-stroke patients, hoping that they can provide some inspiration for doctors and therapists looking for new approaches to stroke rehabilitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping-Ping Han
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences Affiliated Zhoupu Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu Han
- Department of Sport Rehabilitation, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Xin-Ya Shen
- Graduate School of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhen-Kun Gao
- Graduate School of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xia Bi
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences Affiliated Zhoupu Hospital, Shanghai, China
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An Enriched Environment Promotes Motor Function through Neuroprotection after Cerebral Ischemia. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 2023:4143633. [PMID: 36817860 PMCID: PMC9931462 DOI: 10.1155/2023/4143633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
Stroke seriously affects human health. Many studies have shown that enriched environment (EE) can promote functional recovery after stroke, but the intrinsic mechanisms remain unclear. In order to study the internal mechanisms of EE involved in functional recovery after ischemic stroke and which mechanism plays a leading role in the recovery of limb function after cerebral infarction, key proteins potentially involved in neuronal protection and synaptic remodeling in the ischemic penumbra have been investigated. In this study, adult C57BL/6 mice after permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion (pMCAO) were assigned to the EE and standard housing (SH) groups 3 days after operation. The EE house was spacious that contained a large variety of small toys; the SH was a normal sized cage. Sham-operated mice without artery occlusion were housed under standard conditions and were fed a normal diet. On days 3, 7, 14, and 21, postoperative motor functional recovery was tested using the modified neurological severity score (mNSS) and the Rotarod test. The expression of B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2), Bcl-2-associated X protein (Bax), growth-associated protein-43 (GAP-43), and synaptophysin (SYN) was examined by western blotting and immunofluorescence staining. The motor functional recovery (based on the mNSS and Rotarod test 3, 7, 14, and 21 days post operation) of mice in the EE group improved significantly compared to the SH group. The expression of GAP-43 and SYN and the ratio of Bcl-2/Bax were all upregulated in the EE group compared to the SH group. In addition, we also explored the relationship between neuronal protection and synaptic remodeling in the EE-mediated recovery of limb function after cerebral infarction by correlation analysis. Correlation analysis showed that compared with the increase of Bcl-2/Bax ratio, the increased expression of GAP-43 and SYN was more closely related to the recovery of limb function in ischemic mice. These data support the hypothesis that EE can promote the process of improvement of limb dysfunction induced by ischemic stroke, and this behavior restoration may, via promoting neuroprotection in the ischemic penumbra, be dependent on the regulation of the expression of GAP-43, SYN, Bcl-2, and Bax. A limitation of the study was that we only observed several representative key indicators of synaptic remodeling and neuronal apoptosis, without an in-depth study of the potential mechanisms involved.
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Zhou ZQ, Hua XY, Wu JJ, Xu JJ, Ren M, Shan CL, Xu JG. Combined robot motor assistance with neural circuit-based virtual reality (NeuCir-VR) lower extremity rehabilitation training in patients after stroke: a study protocol for a single-centre randomised controlled trial. BMJ Open 2022; 12:e064926. [PMID: 36564112 PMCID: PMC9791407 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2022-064926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Improving lower extremity motor function is the focus and difficulty of post-stroke rehabilitation treatment. More recently, robot-assisted and virtual reality (VR) training are commonly used in post-stroke rehabilitation and are considered feasible treatment methods. Here, we developed a rehabilitation system combining robot motor assistance with neural circuit-based VR (NeuCir-VR) rehabilitation programme involving procedural lower extremity rehabilitation with reward mechanisms, from muscle strength training, posture control and balance training to simple and complex ground walking training. The study aims to explore the effectiveness and neurological mechanisms of combining robot motor assistance and NeuCir-VR lower extremity rehabilitation training in patients after stroke. METHODS AND ANALYSIS This is a single-centre, observer-blinded, randomised controlled trial. 40 patients with lower extremity hemiparesis after stroke will be recruited and randomly divided into a control group (combined robot assistance and VR training) and an intervention group (combined robot assistance and NeuCir-VR training) by the ratio of 1:1. Each group will receive five 30 min sessions per week for 4 weeks. The primary outcome will be Fugl-Meyer assessment of the lower extremity. Secondary outcomes will include Berg Balance Scale, Modified Ashworth Scale and functional connectivity measured by resting-state functional MRI. Outcomes will be measured at baseline (T0), post-intervention (T1) and follow-ups (T2-T4). ETHICS, REGISTRATION AND DISSEMINATION The trial was approved by the Ethics Committee of Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Chinese Traditional Medicine (Grant No. 2019-014). The results will be submitted to a peer-reviewed journal or at a conference. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER ChiCTR2100052133.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Qing Zhou
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- School of Rehabilitation Science, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xu-Yun Hua
- School of Rehabilitation Science, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Traumatology and Orthopedics, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jia-Jia Wu
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- School of Rehabilitation Science, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing-Jing Xu
- Guangzhou Xinhua College, Guangzhou, China
- Guangzhou Xuguan Clinic of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Meng Ren
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- School of Rehabilitation Science, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chun-Lei Shan
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- School of Rehabilitation Science, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Engineering Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine Intelligent Rehabilitation, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian-Guang Xu
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- School of Rehabilitation Science, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Engineering Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine Intelligent Rehabilitation, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
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11
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Exploring Effect of Postdischarge Developmental Support Program on Preterm Infant Neurodevelopment and BDNF Gene DNA Methylation. Adv Neonatal Care 2022; 23:E50-E58. [PMID: 36409665 DOI: 10.1097/anc.0000000000001046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although developmental supportive care is an effective approach to improve the long-term psychomotor and/or neurobehavioral function of preterm infants, very limited studies have focused on the impact of after-discharge developmental support. The underlying epigenetic changes are unclear. PURPOSE This study aimed to explore the preliminary effect of an evidence-based Postdischarge Developmental Support Program (PDSP) on preterm infant neurodevelopment and underlying epigenetic changes, including brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) gene-related DNA methylation and expression. METHODS In this randomized controlled pilot trial, the preterm infant-parent dyads were randomized into either the intervention group/PDSP group (n = 22) or the control group/usual care group (n = 22). The neurodevelopmental outcomes of preterm infants were measured by Ages & Stages Questionnaires. Urine BDNF concentration level was tested by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Infant saliva specimens were collected to analyze the methylation level of BDNF gene promoter I at pre- and postintervention test. RESULTS After PDSP intervention, the total neurodevelopmental and the 5 domain scores of the PDSP group were all significantly higher than those of the control group ( P < .05). The BDNF levels decreased significantly only within control group ( P = .01). The difference in BDNF concentration and methylation levels between groups was not statistically significant. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE AND RESEARCH Postdischarge Developmental Support Program may promote the neurodevelopment of preterm infants but has no effect on BDNF's expression and gene methylation level at 3 months of corrected age. The epigenetic mechanism of PDSP needs further study using a larger sample and longer follow-up.
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12
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Tapias V, Moschonas EH, Bondi CO, Vozzella VJ, Cooper IN, Cheng JP, Lajud N, Kline AE. Environmental enrichment improves traumatic brain injury-induced behavioral phenotype and associated neurodegenerative process. Exp Neurol 2022; 357:114204. [PMID: 35973617 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2022.114204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) causes persistent cognitive impairment and neurodegeneration. Environmental enrichment (EE) refers to a housing condition that promotes sensory and social stimulation and improves cognition and motor performance but the underlying mechanisms responsible for such beneficial effects are not well defined. In this study, anesthetized adult rats received either a moderate-to-severe controlled cortical impact (CCI) or sham surgery and then were housed in either EE or standard conditions. The results showed a significant increase in protein nitration and oxidation of lipids, impaired cognition and motor performance, and augmented N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor subtype-1 (NMDAR1) levels. However, EE initiated 24 h after CCI resulted in reduced oxidative insult and microglial activation and significant improvement in beam-balance/walk performance and both spatial learning and memory. We hypothesize that following TBI there is an upstream activation of NMDAR that promotes oxidative insult and an inflammatory response, thereby resulting in impaired behavioral functioning but EE may exert a neuroprotective effect via sustained downregulation of NMDAR1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Tapias
- Department of Neurology, Pittsburgh Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA; Excellence Unit of the Institute of Genetics and Molecular Biology (IBGM) - Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Valladolid 47003, Spain; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Valladolid, Valladolid 47003, Spain.
| | - Eleni H Moschonas
- Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Safar Center for Resuscitation Research, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Center for Neuroscience, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Corina O Bondi
- Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Safar Center for Resuscitation Research, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Center for Neuroscience, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Neurobiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Vincent J Vozzella
- Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Safar Center for Resuscitation Research, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Iya N Cooper
- Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Safar Center for Resuscitation Research, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Jeffrey P Cheng
- Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Safar Center for Resuscitation Research, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Naima Lajud
- Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Safar Center for Resuscitation Research, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; División de Neurociencias, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Michoacán - Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Morelia, Mexico
| | - Anthony E Kline
- Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Safar Center for Resuscitation Research, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Center for Neuroscience, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Center for the Neural Basis of Cognition, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
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13
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Han Y, Yuan M, Guo YS, Shen XY, Gao ZK, Bi X. The role of enriched environment in neural development and repair. Front Cell Neurosci 2022; 16:890666. [PMID: 35936498 PMCID: PMC9350910 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2022.890666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
In addition to genetic information, environmental factors play an important role in the structure and function of nervous system and the occurrence and development of some nervous system diseases. Enriched environment (EE) can not only promote normal neural development through enhancing neuroplasticity but also play a nerve repair role in restoring functional activities during CNS injury by morphological and cellular and molecular adaptations in the brain. Different stages of development after birth respond to the environment to varying degrees. Therefore, we systematically review the pro-developmental and anti-stress value of EE during pregnancy, pre-weaning, and “adolescence” and analyze the difference in the effects of EE and its sub-components, especially with physical exercise. In our exploration of potential mechanisms that promote neurodevelopment, we have found that not all sub-components exert maximum value throughout the developmental phase, such as animals that do not respond to physical activity before weaning, and that EE is not superior to its sub-components in all respects. EE affects the developing and adult brain, resulting in some neuroplastic changes in the microscopic and macroscopic anatomy, finally contributing to enhanced learning and memory capacity. These positive promoting influences are particularly prominent regarding neural repair after neurobiological disorders. Taking cerebral ischemia as an example, we analyzed the molecular mediators of EE promoting repair from various dimensions. We found that EE does not always lead to positive effects on nerve repair, such as infarct size. In view of the classic issues such as standardization and relativity of EE have been thoroughly discussed, we finally focus on analyzing the essentiality of the time window of EE action and clinical translation in order to devote to the future research direction of EE and rapid and reasonable clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Han
- Department of Sport Rehabilitation, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences Affiliated Zhoupu Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Mei Yuan
- Department of Sport Rehabilitation, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences Affiliated Zhoupu Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi-Sha Guo
- Department of Sport Rehabilitation, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences Affiliated Zhoupu Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Xin-Ya Shen
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences Affiliated Zhoupu Hospital, Shanghai, China
- Department of Graduate School, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences Affiliated Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhen-Kun Gao
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences Affiliated Zhoupu Hospital, Shanghai, China
- Department of Graduate School, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences Affiliated Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xia Bi
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences Affiliated Zhoupu Hospital, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Xia Bi
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Yin SW, Meng YL, Li C, Wang Y. Enriched environment for offspring improves learning and memory impairments induced by sevoflurane exposure during the second trimester of pregnancy. Neural Regen Res 2021; 17:1293-1298. [PMID: 34782574 PMCID: PMC8643064 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.327347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies in animals indicate that sevoflurane exposure in the second trimester of pregnancy has harmful effects on the learning and memory of offspring. Whether an enriched environment can reverse the damage of sevoflurane exposure in the second trimester of pregnancy on the learning and memory of rat offspring remains unclear. In this study, rats at 14 days of pregnancy were exposed to 3.5% sevoflurane for 2 hours and their offspring were treated with an enriched environment for 20 successive days. We found that the enriched environment for offspring increased nestin and Ki67 levels in hippocampal tissue, increased hippocampal neurogenesis, inhibited glycogen synthase kinase 3β activity, and increased the expression of cell proliferation-related β-catenin and apoptosis-related Bcl-2, indicating that an enriched environment reduces sevoflurane-induced damage by increasing the proliferation of stem cells in the hippocampus. These findings suggest that an enriched environment can reverse the effects of sevoflurane inhaled by rats during the second trimester of pregnancy on learning and memory of offspring. This study was approved by the Animal Ethics Committee of Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University (approval No. 2018PS07K) on January 2, 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shao-Wei Yin
- Department of Obstetrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Yi-Lin Meng
- Department of Obstetrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Chuang Li
- Department of Obstetrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Yuan Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
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15
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Cheng Y, Cui Y, Zhai Y, Xin W, Yu Y, Liang J, Li S, Sun H. Neuroprotective Effects of Exogenous Irisin in Kainic Acid-Induced Status Epilepticus. Front Cell Neurosci 2021; 15:738533. [PMID: 34658794 PMCID: PMC8517324 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2021.738533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Elevated reactive oxygen species (ROS) level is considered a crucial causative factor for neuronal damage in epilepsy. Irisin has been reported to ameliorate mitochondrial dysfunction and to reduce ROS levels; therefore, in this study, the effect of exogenous irisin on neuronal injury was evaluated in rats with kainic acid (KA)-induced status epilepticus (SE). Our results showed that exogenous irisin treatment significantly increased the expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and uncoupling protein 2 (UCP2), and reduced the levels of neuronal injury and mitochondrial oxidative stress. Additionally, an inhibitor of UCP2 (genipin) was administered to investigate the underlying mechanism of irisin-induced neuroprotection; in rats treated with genipin, the neuroprotective effects of irisin on KA-induced SE were found to be partially reversed. Our findings confirmed the neuroprotective effects of exogenous irisin and provide evidence that these effects may be mediated via the BDNF/UCP2 pathway, thus providing valuable insights that may aid the development of exogenous irisin treatment as a potential therapeutic strategy against neuronal injury in epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Cheng
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
| | - Yaru Cui
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
| | - Yujie Zhai
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
| | - Wenyu Xin
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
| | - Yan Yu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
| | - Jia Liang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
| | - Shucui Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
| | - Hongliu Sun
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
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16
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Abstract
The beneficial effects of exercise on the brain are well known. In general, exercise offers an effective way to improve cognitive function in all ages, particularly in the elderly, who are considered the most vulnerable to neurodegenerative disorders. In this regard, myokines, hormones secreted by muscle in response to exercise, have recently gained attention as beneficial mediators. Irisin is a novel exercise-induced myokine, that modulates several bodily processes, such as glucose homeostasis, and reduces systemic inflammation. Irisin is cleaved from fibronectin type III domain containing 5 (FNDC5), a transmembrane precursor protein expressed in muscle under the control of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator-1α (PGC-1α). The FNDC5/irisin system is also expressed in the hippocampus, where it stimulates the expression of the neurotrophin brain-derived neurotrophic factor in this area that is associated with learning and memory. In this review, we aimed to discuss the role of irisin as a key mediator of the beneficial effects of exercise on synaptic plasticity and memory in the elderly, suggesting its roles within the main promoters of the beneficial effects of exercise on the brain.
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17
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Sagud M, Tudor L, Pivac N. Personalized treatment interventions: nonpharmacological and natural treatment strategies in Alzheimer's disease. Expert Rev Neurother 2021; 21:571-589. [PMID: 33749488 DOI: 10.1080/14737175.2021.1906223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Introduction: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a slow, irreversible, progressive, complex, and fatal neurodegenerative disorder. Available pharmacological treatment, known for almost two decades, does not cure the disease, but only alleviates the symptoms, with various efficacy and different side effects. Therefore, there is an unmet need to find other person-centered or personalized approaches to treat AD.Areas covered: This article describes the application of precision medicine-like approaches utilizing nonpharmacological treatment strategies and the use of natural products in personalized care for patients with AD.Expert opinion: Due to the heterogeneity of disease symptoms, somatic conditions, and patient preferences, there is definitely no "one size fits all" intervention. Therefore, individualized treatment choice is based on dementia stage, medical and psychiatric comorbidity, leading symptoms, patient preferences, and remaining capacity of the patient. In the absence of disease-modifying agents, a patient-centered, multidisciplinary team approach appears to be the best option to alleviate the heavy symptomatic burden in this unfortunate population. Hence, appropriate interventions can be offered along the AD continuum, while a better understanding of personal characteristics might help in establishing optimal individualized treatment, as well as its duration and intensity, to deliver interventions in the most effective ways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Sagud
- Department of Psychiatry, Clinical Hospital Centre, Zagreb, Croatia.,School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Lucija Tudor
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Rudjer Boskovic Institute, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Nela Pivac
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Rudjer Boskovic Institute, Zagreb, Croatia
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Jodeiri Farshbaf M, Alviña K. Multiple Roles in Neuroprotection for the Exercise Derived Myokine Irisin. Front Aging Neurosci 2021; 13:649929. [PMID: 33935687 PMCID: PMC8086837 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2021.649929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Exercise has multiple beneficial effects on health including decreasing the risk of neurodegenerative diseases. Such effects are thought to be mediated (at least in part) by myokines, a collection of cytokines and other small proteins released from skeletal muscles. As an endocrine organ, skeletal muscle synthesizes and secretes a wide range of myokines which contribute to different functions in different organs, including the brain. One such myokine is the recently discovered protein Irisin, which is secreted into circulation from skeletal muscle during exercise from its membrane bound precursor Fibronectin type III domain-containing protein 5 (FNDC5). Irisin contributes to metabolic processes such as glucose homeostasis and browning of white adipose tissue. Irisin also crosses the blood brain barrier and initiates a neuroprotective genetic program in the hippocampus that culminates with increased expression of brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). Furthermore, exercise and FNDC5/Irisin have been shown to have several neuroprotective effects against injuries in ischemia and neurodegenerative disease models, including Alzheimer's disease. In addition, Irisin has anxiolytic and antidepressant effects. In this review we present and summarize recent findings on the multiple effects of Irisin on neural function, including signaling pathways and mechanisms involved. We also discuss how exercise can positively influence brain function and mental health via the "skeletal muscle-brain axis." While there are still many unanswered questions, we put forward the idea that Irisin is a potentially essential mediator of the skeletal muscle-brain crosstalk.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Karina Alviña
- Department of Biological Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, United States.,Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
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Zhan Y, Li MZ, Yang L, Feng XF, Lei JF, Zhang N, Zhao YY, Zhao H. The three-phase enriched environment paradigm promotes neurovascular restorative and prevents learning impairment after ischemic stroke in rats. Neurobiol Dis 2020; 146:105091. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2020.105091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Revised: 08/30/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
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