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Wang S, Dan W, Wang Z, Sun Y, Zhang G. Causal relationships between dietary antioxidant vitamin intake and atopic dermatitis: A two-sample Mendelian randomization study. Skin Res Technol 2024; 30:e13883. [PMID: 39120057 PMCID: PMC11311120 DOI: 10.1111/srt.13883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Oxidative stress is strongly associated with atopic dermatitis (AD), and increased antioxidant intake could potentially reduce the risk of or alleviate its symptoms. However, the argument is disputed. Therefore, we conducted a Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis to explore the causal relationship between dietary antioxidant vitamin intake and AD. METHODS We applied MR analysis to examine the causative association between dietary antioxidant vitamin intake (vitamin C, vitamin E, carotene, and retinol) and AD. The genome-wide association study (GWAS) summary data for antioxidant vitamins intake and AD were obtained from the IEU OpenGWAS database and the UK biobank. Our study consisted of two major parts, MR analysis to detect the causal relationship between exposure and outcome, and sensitivity analysis as supplemental evidence to verify the robustness of the results. RESULT The results revealed a suggestive causal relationship between vitamin E intake and AD (p = 0.038, OR 95% CI = 0.745-0.992). However, there was no causal relationship between the other three vitamins (vitamin C, carotene, and retinol) and AD (p = 0.507, OR 95% CI = 0.826-1.099) (p = 0.890, OR 95% CI = 0.864-1.184) (p = 0.492, OR 95% CI = 0.893-1.264). None of the single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were detected as heterogeneous and pleiotropy in the sensitivity analysis (p > 0.05). CONCLUSION The analysis suggested that dietary intake of vitamin E may potentially lower the risk of AD. Conversely, intake of vitamin C, retinol, and carotene is not causally related to AD. Although vitamin E intake could be protective against AD, intake of dietary antioxidant vitamins to prevent or treat AD is not necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siqing Wang
- Graduate SchoolBeijing University of Chinese Medicine, 11 North Third Ring East Road, Beijing, 100029, China
- Dermatological DepartmentBeijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese MedicineCapital Medical University, 23 Behind the Art Museum, Beijing, 100010, China
- Inner Mongolia Hospital of Beijing Chinese Medicine Hospital, 5 Guangming West Street, Inner Mongolia, 014400, China
| | - Wenchao Dan
- Dermatological DepartmentBeijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese MedicineCapital Medical University, 23 Behind the Art Museum, Beijing, 100010, China
- Inner Mongolia Hospital of Beijing Chinese Medicine Hospital, 5 Guangming West Street, Inner Mongolia, 014400, China
| | - Zixuan Wang
- Dermatological DepartmentBeijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese MedicineCapital Medical University, 23 Behind the Art Museum, Beijing, 100010, China
| | - Yujie Sun
- Graduate SchoolBeijing University of Chinese Medicine, 11 North Third Ring East Road, Beijing, 100029, China
- Dermatological DepartmentBeijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese MedicineCapital Medical University, 23 Behind the Art Museum, Beijing, 100010, China
| | - Guangzhong Zhang
- Dermatological DepartmentBeijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese MedicineCapital Medical University, 23 Behind the Art Museum, Beijing, 100010, China
- Inner Mongolia Hospital of Beijing Chinese Medicine Hospital, 5 Guangming West Street, Inner Mongolia, 014400, China
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De Simoni E, Candelora M, Belleggia S, Rizzetto G, Molinelli E, Capodaglio I, Ferretti G, Bacchetti T, Offidani A, Simonetti O. Role of antioxidants supplementation in the treatment of atopic dermatitis: a critical narrative review. Front Nutr 2024; 11:1393673. [PMID: 38933878 PMCID: PMC11203398 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2024.1393673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic inflammatory skin disease characterized by itching, epidermal barrier dysfunction, and an unbalanced inflammatory reaction. AD pathophysiology involves a dysregulated immune response driven by T helper-2 cells. Many factors, including reactive oxygen species (ROS), are involved in AD pathogenesis by causing cellular damage and inflammation resulting in skin barrier dysfunction. This narrative review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the role of natural molecules and antioxidant compounds, highlighting their potential therapeutic value in AD prevention and management. They include vitamin D, vitamin E, pyridoxine, Vitamin C, carotenoids, and melatonin. Some studies report a statistically significant association between antioxidant levels and improvement in AD, however, there are conflicting results in which antioxidant supplementation, especially Vitamin D, did not result in improvement in AD. Therefore, the clinical efficacy of these dietary nutritional factors in the treatment of AD needs to be further evaluated in clinical trials. Meanwhile, antioxidants can be incorporated into the management of AD patients in a personalized manner, tailored to the severity of the disease, comorbidities, and individual needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edoardo De Simoni
- Clinic of Dermatology, Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Matteo Candelora
- Clinic of Dermatology, Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Sara Belleggia
- Clinic of Dermatology, Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Giulio Rizzetto
- Clinic of Dermatology, Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Elisa Molinelli
- Clinic of Dermatology, Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Irene Capodaglio
- Hospital Cardiology and UTIC, Ospedali Riuniti di Ancona, Ancona, Italy
| | - Gianna Ferretti
- Department of Clinical Experimental Science and Odontostomatology-Biochemistry, Research Center of Health Education and Health Promotion, Ancona, Italy
| | - Tiziana Bacchetti
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences-Biochemistry, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Annamaria Offidani
- Clinic of Dermatology, Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Oriana Simonetti
- Clinic of Dermatology, Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy
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Lim JJ, Liu MH, Chew FT. Dietary Interventions in Atopic Dermatitis: A Comprehensive Scoping Review and Analysis. Int Arch Allergy Immunol 2024; 185:545-589. [PMID: 38442688 DOI: 10.1159/000535903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 03/07/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This scoping review aims to critically assess gaps in the current literature on atopic dermatitis (AD) by evaluating the overall effectiveness of dietary interventions. Through a comprehensive analysis that follows the Preferred Reporting Item for Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses Extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR) guidelines, we conducted a thorough search on the Web of Science database in May 2023 using specific search strategies to identify all relevant studies on the research topic. SUMMARY A total of 104 full-text articles were included for review. Our synthesis identified seven notable categories of dietary interventions for AD, showcasing the diversity of interventions utilized. This includes vitamin supplementation, probiotic and prebiotic supplementation, dietary fat, biological compounds, foods from natural sources, major nutrients, and diet-related approaches. Further analyses stratified by targeted populations revealed a predominant focus on pediatrics, particularly in probiotic supplementation, and on adults, with an emphasis on vitamin D and E supplementation. KEY MESSAGES Despite most dietary interventions demonstrating overall effectiveness in improving AD severity and its subjective symptoms, several significant gaps were identified. There was a scarcity of studies on adults and whole-diet interventions, a prevalence of short-term interventions, heterogeneity in study outcomes, designs, and population, occasional disparity between statistical significance and clinical relevance, and a lack of a comprehensive multidisciplinary approach. Nonetheless, these findings offer valuable insights for future AD research, guiding additional evidence-driven dietary interventions and informing healthcare professionals, researchers, and individuals, advancing both understanding and management of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Jie Lim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Mei Hui Liu
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Fook Tim Chew
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
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Andrade RDS, de Souza FIS, Aranda CS, Mallozi MC, Ferreira AC, Barreto TLN, Fonseca FLA, Sarni ROS, Solé D. Antioxidant defense of children and adolescents with atopic dermatitis: Association with disease severity. Allergol Immunopathol (Madr) 2024; 52:65-70. [PMID: 38186195 DOI: 10.15586/aei.v52i1.933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a relapsing, chronic cutaneous inflammatory disease with onset, in general, in early childhood. Chronic skin inflammation is associated with overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) such as superoxide and hydrogen peroxide. Oxidative stress, an imbalance between the production of free radicals and antioxidant defense, results in tissue inflammation due to the upregulation of genes that encode inflammatory cytokines. This condition plays an important role in the pathogenesis of AD. OBJECTIVE To compare the antioxidant defense in children and adolescents with AD with that of healthy individuals and to verify the association of antioxidant defense with disease severity and nutritional status. METHODS Cross-sectional study that evaluated 48 children and adolescents with AD and 25 controls for nutritional assessment (body mass index z score [BMIZ] and height for age z score [HAZ]) and levels of vitamins A, C, E, and D, zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase [SOD], catalase [CAT], glutathione peroxidase [GPx]), high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (CRP) and interleukin 33 (IL-33). RESULTS There was no significant difference in the comparison between AD and control groups for serum levels of vitamins (A, D, C, and E), copper, and antioxidant enzymes. Serum zinc levels were higher in the AD group (β = 24.20; 95% CI 13.95-34.91; P < 0.001) even after adjusting the BMIZ, HAZ, gender, IL-33, and CRP. Children and adolescents with moderate or severe AD compared to mild AD (SCORAD - 36.7±17.4 vs 11.8 ± 3.9; P < 0.001) had lower values of the vitamin E/total lipid ratio (3.68 [0.29;12.63] vs 5.92 [3.27;17.37]; P = 0.013). CONCLUSION Children and adolescents with AD had higher concentrations OF elevated levels of zinc compared to controls, a fact not observed for other biomarkers of antioxidant defense. AD in moderate or severe forms presented lower concentrations of vitamin E, a potent antioxidant fat soluble.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roseani da Silva Andrade
- Department of Pediatrics. Division of Allergy, Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology. Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP);
| | - Fabíola Isabel Suano de Souza
- Department of Pediatrics. Division of Allergy, Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology. Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)
| | - Carolina Sanchez Aranda
- Department of Pediatrics. Division of Allergy, Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology. Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)
| | - Marcia Carvalho Mallozi
- Department of Pediatrics. Division of Allergy, Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology. Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)
| | | | - Talita Lemos Neves Barreto
- Department of Pediatrics. Division of Allergy, Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology. Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)
| | | | - Roseli Oselka Saccardo Sarni
- Department of Pediatrics. Division of Allergy, Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology. Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)
| | - Dirceu Solé
- Department of Pediatrics. Division of Allergy, Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology. Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)
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Joshi M, Hiremath P, John J, Ranadive N, Nandakumar K, Mudgal J. Modulatory role of vitamins A, B3, C, D, and E on skin health, immunity, microbiome, and diseases. Pharmacol Rep 2023; 75:1096-1114. [PMID: 37673852 PMCID: PMC10539462 DOI: 10.1007/s43440-023-00520-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
Disruption of the skin barrier and immunity has been associated with several skin diseases, namely atopic dermatitis (AD), psoriasis, and acne. Resident and non-resident immune cells and the barrier system of the skin are integral to innate immunity. Recent advances in understanding skin microbiota have opened the scope of further understanding the various communications between these microbiota and skin immune cells. Vitamins, being one of the important micronutrients, have been reported to exert antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-microbial effects. The immunomodulatory action of vitamins can halt the progression of skin diseases, and thus, understanding the immuno-pharmacology of these vitamins, especially for skin diseases can pave the way for their therapeutic potential. At the same time, molecular and cellular markers modulated with these vitamins and their derivatives need to be explored. The present review is focused on significant vitamins (vitamins A, B3, C, D, and E) consumed as nutritional supplements to discuss the outcomes and scope of studies related to skin immunity, health, and diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahika Joshi
- Department of Pharmacology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576104, Karnataka, India
| | - Priyanka Hiremath
- Department of Pharmacology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576104, Karnataka, India
| | - Jeena John
- Department of Pharmacology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576104, Karnataka, India
| | - Niraja Ranadive
- Department of Pharmacology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576104, Karnataka, India
| | - Krishnadas Nandakumar
- Department of Pharmacology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576104, Karnataka, India
| | - Jayesh Mudgal
- Department of Pharmacology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576104, Karnataka, India.
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The Imprint of Exposome on the Development of Atopic Dermatitis across the Lifespan: A Narrative Review. J Clin Med 2023; 12:jcm12062180. [PMID: 36983182 PMCID: PMC10054623 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12062180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic inflammatory skin condition that affects more than 200 million people worldwide, including up to 20% of children and 10% of the adult population. Although AD appears frequently in childhood and often continues into adulthood, about 1 in 4 adults develop the adult-onset disease. The prenatal period, early childhood, and adolescence are considered critical timepoints for the development of AD when the exposome results in long-lasting effects on the immune system. The exposome can be defined as the measure of all the exposures of an individual during their lifetime and how these exposures relate to well-being. While genetic factors could partially explain AD onset, multiple external environmental exposures (external exposome) in early life are implicated and are equally important for understanding AD manifestation. In this review, we describe the conceptual framework of the exposome and its relevance to AD from conception and across the lifespan. Through a spatiotemporal lens that focuses on the multi-level phenotyping of the environment, we highlight a framework that embraces the dynamic complex nature of exposome and recognizes the influence of additive and interactive environmental exposures. Moreover, we highlight the need to understand the developmental origins of AD from an age-related perspective when studying the effects of the exposome on AD, shifting the research paradigm away from the per se categorized exposome factors and beyond clinical contexts to explore the trajectory of age-related exposome risks and hence future preventive interventions.
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7
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Kiecka A, Macura B, Szczepanik M. Modulation of allergic contact dermatitis via gut microbiota modified by diet, vitamins, probiotics, prebiotics, and antibiotics. Pharmacol Rep 2023; 75:236-248. [PMID: 36729361 DOI: 10.1007/s43440-023-00454-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 01/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Allergic contact dermatitis is one of the most common recorded occupational diseases. There are many different substances that the skin comes into contact with on a daily basis and that can cause ACD, e.g., preservatives, surfactants, and antimicrobial agents. The development of a mouse model of ACD has provided insight into the immune mechanisms involved. Drugs used in the treatment of skin diseases have many side effects. Therefore, alternative methods of suppressing the immune response to reduce the symptoms of skin diseases are being sought. In recent years, high hopes have been placed on dietary modulation and supplementation to affect the intestinal microbial composition and promote anti-inflammatory responses. In addition, other studies have shown the crucial role of intestinal microbiota in many immune-mediated diseases. Recognition and characterization of pro- and anti-inflammatory nutrients and supplements may be crucial to support the treatment of diseases such as atopic dermatitis, acne vulgaris, psoriasis, and allergic contact dermatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aneta Kiecka
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Institute of Physiotherapy, Chair of Biomedical Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kopernika 7a, 31-034, Kraków, Poland.
| | - Barbara Macura
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Institute of Physiotherapy, Chair of Biomedical Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kopernika 7a, 31-034, Kraków, Poland
| | - Marian Szczepanik
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Institute of Physiotherapy, Chair of Biomedical Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kopernika 7a, 31-034, Kraków, Poland
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8
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Labib A, Golpanian RS, Aickara D, Smith P, Yosipovitch G. The effect of fatty acids, vitamins, and minerals on pediatric atopic dermatitis: A systematic review. Pediatr Dermatol 2023; 40:44-49. [PMID: 36263777 DOI: 10.1111/pde.15143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A body of research has examined the role of fatty acid (FA), vitamin, and mineral supplementation as adjunctive treatment for atopic dermatitis (AD); however, results are conflicting and concrete recommendations are lacking. The objective of this study is to highlight the role of these nutrients in alleviating AD severity and provide the clinician with consolidated information that can be used to make recommendations to the pediatric patient and caretaker, where this topic is of high interest. METHODS A review of the PubMed and Embase databases was conducted to identify and qualitatively analyze all randomized controlled trials, systematic reviews, and meta-analyses conducted within the last 21 years regarding use of these nutrients to alleviate symptoms of AD. Inclusion criteria include AD diagnosis, non-infant age groups, and AD severity outcomes; exclusion criteria include preventative studies, predominantly maternal or infant demographics, or nonclinical outcomes. RESULTS Sixty-nine studies were included. Evidence regarding FA supplementation is inconclusive; however, targeting an ideal omega-3:omega-6 FA ratio may play a small role in alleviating AD symptoms. Studies results regarding vitamin/mineral supplementation are inconsistent and supplementation should not be advised unless the patient has a documented deficiency. CONCLUSION Pediatric AD patients should lead a healthy lifestyle with an emphasis on consumption of wholesome foods. Nutritional supplementation can play a role in improving AD symptoms; however, this should be evaluated on a case-by-case basis. Limitations include heterogeneity of studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelina Labib
- Dr. Phillip Frost Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery and Miami Itch Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Rachel S Golpanian
- Dr. Phillip Frost Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery and Miami Itch Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Divya Aickara
- Dr. Phillip Frost Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery and Miami Itch Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Peter Smith
- Clinical Medicine, Griffith University, Southport, Queensland, Australia
| | - Gil Yosipovitch
- Dr. Phillip Frost Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery and Miami Itch Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
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9
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Pincemail J, Meziane S. On the Potential Role of the Antioxidant Couple Vitamin E/Selenium Taken by the Oral Route in Skin and Hair Health. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:2270. [PMID: 36421456 PMCID: PMC9686906 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11112270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Revised: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The relationship between oxidative stress and skin aging/disorders is well established. Many topical and oral antioxidants (vitamins C and E, carotenoids, polyphenols) have been proposed to protect the skin against the deleterious effect induced by increased reactive oxygen species production, particularly in the context of sun exposure. In this review, we focused on the combination of vitamin E and selenium taken in supplements since both molecules act in synergy either by non-enzymatic and enzymatic pathways to eliminate skin lipids peroxides, which are strongly implicated in skin and hair disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joël Pincemail
- CHU of Liège, Platform Antioxidant Nutrition and Health, Pathology Tower, 4130, Sart Tilman, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Smail Meziane
- Institut Européen des Antioxydants, 54000 Nancy, France
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10
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Targeting deregulated oxidative stress in skin inflammatory diseases: An update on clinical importance. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 154:113601. [PMID: 36049315 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Revised: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
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11
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Teo CWL, Png SJY, Ung YW, Yap WN. Therapeutic effects of intranasal tocotrienol-rich fraction on rhinitis symptoms in platelet-activating factor induced allergic rhinitis. Allergy Asthma Clin Immunol 2022; 18:52. [PMID: 35698169 PMCID: PMC9195334 DOI: 10.1186/s13223-022-00695-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Platelet-activating factor (PAF) has been suggested to be a potent inflammatory mediator in Allergic rhinitis (AR) pathogenesis. Vitamin E, an essential nutrient that comprises tocopherol and tocotrienol, is known as a potential therapeutic agent for airway allergic inflammation. This study aimed to investigate the beneficial effects of intranasal Tocotrienol-rich fraction (TRF) on PAF-induced AR in a rat model. Methods Sprague Dawley rats were randomly assigned into 3 groups: Control, PAF-induced AR and PAF-induced AR with TRF treatment. To induce AR, 50 μl of 16 μg/ml PAF was nasally instilled into each nostril. From day 1 to 7 after AR induction, 10 μl of 16 μg/μl TRF was delivered intranasally to the TRF treatment group. Complete upper skulls were collected for histopathological evaluation on day 8. Results The average severity scores of AR were significantly higher in the PAF-induced AR rats compared to both control and PAF-induced AR with TRF treatment. The histologic examination of the nasal structures showed moderate degree of inflammation and polymorphonuclear cells infiltration in the lamina propria, mucosa damage and vascular congestion in the PAF-induced AR rats. TRF was able to ameliorate the AR symptoms by restoring the nasal structures back to normal. H&E staining demonstrated a statistically significant benefit upon TRF treatment, where minimal degree of inflammation, and a reduction in the infiltration of polymorphonuclear cells, mucosa damage and vascular congestion were observed. Conclusion TRF exhibited symptomatic relief action in AR potentially due to its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-allergic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheryl Wei Ling Teo
- Research and Development Department, Davos Life Science, 3 Biopolis Drive, #04-19, Synapse, 138623, Singapore, Singapore. .,Research and Development Department, KL-Kepong Oleomas (KLK Oleo), Level 8, Menara KLK, No 1, Jalan PJU 7/6, Mutiara Damansara, 47810, Petaling Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Stephanie Jia Ying Png
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, 639798, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yee Wei Ung
- Research and Development Department, KL-Kepong Oleomas (KLK Oleo), Level 8, Menara KLK, No 1, Jalan PJU 7/6, Mutiara Damansara, 47810, Petaling Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Wei Ney Yap
- Research and Development Department, Davos Life Science, 3 Biopolis Drive, #04-19, Synapse, 138623, Singapore, Singapore.,Research and Development Department, KL-Kepong Oleomas (KLK Oleo), Level 8, Menara KLK, No 1, Jalan PJU 7/6, Mutiara Damansara, 47810, Petaling Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
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12
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Celebi Sozener Z, Ozdel Ozturk B, Cerci P, Turk M, Gorgulu Akin B, Akdis M, Altiner S, Ozbey U, Ogulur I, Mitamura Y, Yilmaz I, Nadeau K, Ozdemir C, Mungan D, Akdis CA. Epithelial barrier hypothesis: Effect of the external exposome on the microbiome and epithelial barriers in allergic disease. Allergy 2022; 77:1418-1449. [PMID: 35108405 PMCID: PMC9306534 DOI: 10.1111/all.15240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 66.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2021] [Revised: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Environmental exposure plays a major role in the development of allergic diseases. The exposome can be classified into internal (e.g., aging, hormones, and metabolic processes), specific external (e.g., chemical pollutants or lifestyle factors), and general external (e.g., broader socioeconomic and psychological contexts) domains, all of which are interrelated. All the factors we are exposed to, from the moment of conception to death, are part of the external exposome. Several hundreds of thousands of new chemicals have been introduced in modern life without our having a full understanding of their toxic health effects and ways to mitigate these effects. Climate change, air pollution, microplastics, tobacco smoke, changes and loss of biodiversity, alterations in dietary habits, and the microbiome due to modernization, urbanization, and globalization constitute our surrounding environment and external exposome. Some of these factors disrupt the epithelial barriers of the skin and mucosal surfaces, and these disruptions have been linked in the last few decades to the increasing prevalence and severity of allergic and inflammatory diseases such as atopic dermatitis, food allergy, allergic rhinitis, chronic rhinosinusitis, eosinophilic esophagitis, and asthma. The epithelial barrier hypothesis provides a mechanistic explanation of how these factors can explain the rapid increase in allergic and autoimmune diseases. In this review, we discuss factors affecting the planet's health in the context of the 'epithelial barrier hypothesis,' including climate change, pollution, changes and loss of biodiversity, and emphasize the changes in the external exposome in the last few decades and their effects on allergic diseases. In addition, the roles of increased dietary fatty acid consumption and environmental substances (detergents, airborne pollen, ozone, microplastics, nanoparticles, and tobacco) affecting epithelial barriers are discussed. Considering the emerging data from recent studies, we suggest stringent governmental regulations, global policy adjustments, patient education, and the establishment of individualized control measures to mitigate environmental threats and decrease allergic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Betul Ozdel Ozturk
- School of MedicineDepartment of Chest DiseasesDivision of Immunology and Allergic DiseasesAnkara UniversityAnkaraTurkey
| | - Pamir Cerci
- Clinic of Immunology and Allergic DiseasesEskisehir City HospitalEskisehirTurkey
| | - Murat Turk
- Clinic of Immunology and Allergic DiseasesKayseri City HospitalKayseriTurkey
| | - Begum Gorgulu Akin
- Clinic of Immunology and Allergic DiseasesAnkara City HospitalAnkaraTurkey
| | - Mubeccel Akdis
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF)University of ZurichDavosSwitzerland
| | - Seda Altiner
- Clinic of Internal Medicine Division of Immunology and Allergic DiseasesKahramanmaras Necip Fazil City HospitalKahramanmarasTurkey
| | - Umus Ozbey
- Department of Nutrition and DietAnkara UniversityAnkaraTurkey
| | - Ismail Ogulur
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF)University of ZurichDavosSwitzerland
| | - Yasutaka Mitamura
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF)University of ZurichDavosSwitzerland
| | - Insu Yilmaz
- Department of Chest DiseasesDivision of Immunology and Allergic DiseasesErciyes UniversityKayseriTurkey
| | - Kari Nadeau
- Sean N. Parker Center for Allergy and Asthma Research at Stanford University School of MedicineDivision of Pulmonary and Critical Care MedicineDepartment of MedicineStanford UniversityStanfordCaliforniaUSA
| | - Cevdet Ozdemir
- Institute of Child HealthDepartment of Pediatric Basic SciencesIstanbul UniversityIstanbulTurkey
- Istanbul Faculty of MedicineDepartment of PediatricsDivision of Pediatric Allergy and ImmunologyIstanbul UniversityIstanbulTurkey
| | - Dilsad Mungan
- School of MedicineDepartment of Chest DiseasesDivision of Immunology and Allergic DiseasesAnkara UniversityAnkaraTurkey
| | - Cezmi A. Akdis
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF)University of ZurichDavosSwitzerland
- Christine Kühne‐Center for Allergy Research and Education (CK‐CARE)DavosSwitzerland
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13
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Roh YS, Choi J, Sutaria N, Kwatra SG. Itch: Epidemiology, clinical presentation, and diagnostic workup. J Am Acad Dermatol 2022; 86:1-14. [PMID: 34428534 PMCID: PMC8678917 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2021.07.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 07/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Itch, or pruritus, is the uncomfortable sensation underlying the desire to scratch. Itch is a very common complaint in the general population that can result from dermatologic, systemic (eg, renal, hepatobiliary, endocrine), paraneoplastic, neuropathic, and psychogenic etiologies. Chronic itch is associated with significant sleep disturbances and profoundly reduces overall quality of life. Certain populations, including elderly and African Americans, are at increased risk of experiencing heightened burden of itch. Because of the variable clinical presentation and wide-ranging etiologies, itch presents a challenge for clinicians. The initial evaluation should include a complete blood count, with differential, hepatic, renal, and thyroid function testing along with diabetes screening. Further testing should be guided by history and physical examination findings. There should be a heightened concern for underlying malignancy in individuals older than 60 years of age who have a history of liver disease and diffuse itch less than 12 months of duration. For individuals with chronic pruritus of unknown origin, increased blood eosinophils may serve as a biomarker of T helper cell type 2 polarization and response to immunomodulator therapies. In this first part of a 2-part continuing medical education series, we describe the broader epidemiology and specific conditions associated with itch and the clinical presentation and diagnostic workup for patients with itch.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youkyung S. Roh
- Department of Dermatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Justin Choi
- Department of Dermatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Nishadh Sutaria
- Department of Dermatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Shawn G. Kwatra
- Department of Dermatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.,Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
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14
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Serum vitamin E levels and chronic inflammatory skin diseases: A systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0261259. [PMID: 34905558 PMCID: PMC8670689 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0261259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Vitamin E has long been linked to skin health, including all of its possible functions in cosmetic products, to its roles in membrane integrity and even the aging process. However, reports on the relationship between serum vitamin E levels and the risk of chronic inflammatory skin diseases have been inconsistent. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate the association between serum vitamin E levels and chronic inflammatory skin diseases. Methods We searched the PubMed, Web of Science and Scopus databases, with no time limit up to 30.06.2021. Studies examining serum vitamin E levels in patients with chronic inflammatory skin diseases were selected. Results Twenty articles met the inclusion criteria. Compared with controls, a lower vitamin E level was found in patients with vitiligo (SMD: -0.70, 95% CI: -1.21 to -0.19), psoriasis (SMD: -2.73, 95% CI: -3.57 to -1.18), atopic dermatitis (SMD: -1.08, 95% CI: -1.80 to -0.36) and acne (SMD: -0.67, 95% CI: -1.05 to -0.30). Conclusions Our meta-analysis showed that serum vitamin E levels were lower in patients suffering from vitiligo, psoriasis, atopic dermatitis and acne. This study highlights the need to evaluate vitamin E status to improve its level in patients with skin diseases.
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15
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de Santiago MS, Arribas JLG, Llamas YM, Becvarova I, Meyer H. Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial measuring the effect of a dietetic food on dermatologic scoring and pruritus in dogs with atopic dermatitis. BMC Vet Res 2021; 17:354. [PMID: 34798876 PMCID: PMC8603501 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-021-03063-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Canine atopic dermatitis (AD) is a common condition that often requires multimodal therapy. Including a diet in the multimodal management of AD may reduce medication doses, saving pet owners money and reducing side effects. The objective of this randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial was to determine if a diet fortified in antioxidants, polyphenols, and omega-3 fatty acids can reduce the clinical signs of AD. Forty client-owned dogs with AD were enrolled in the study and assigned to either an enriched diet (diet B) or control diet (diet A) for 60-days. CADESI-4 index scores and owner-reported pruritus scores were measured periodically. Results Total CADESI-4 index scores for dogs eating diet B were lower on day 60 compared to baseline (P = 0.003). There was no statistical difference in scores for dogs eating diet A over a 60-day period. Diet B dogs had 25 and 49% reductions in CADESI-4 index scores on days 30 and 60, respectively (P = 0.0007) while diet A had no change over the study period. When comparing the percent change in owner-reported pruritus scores, diet B also performed better than diet A. By day 60, owners feeding diet B to their dogs reported a significant reduction (P < 0.0001) of 46.4% in itching, while those on diet A reported a 26.8% reduction, which was not statistically significant (P = 0.08). Conclusions These study results demonstrate feeding a diet enriched with ingredients to improve skin health and reduce inflammation improves the clinical signs of AD in dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Yolanda Moral Llamas
- Clinical Veterinary Hospital, Complutense University, Puerta de Hierro s/n, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Iveta Becvarova
- Hill's Pet Nutrition Inc., 400 Southwest Eighth Avenue, Topeka, KS, 66603, USA
| | - Hein Meyer
- Hill's Pet Nutrition Inc., 400 Southwest Eighth Avenue, Topeka, KS, 66603, USA.
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16
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Abstract
Vitamin and mineral supplement consumption is widespread. They are taken for a variety of conditions, including dermatologic disorders. Although consumers often assume these supplements are safe, excessive consumption of supplements may have deleterious effects. Such vitamin supplements include vitamin A, niacin, biotin, vitamin D, and vitamin E, and specific mineral supplements include zinc, copper, and iron. These supplements may have a number of potential adverse effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Freidrich Anselmo
- Department of Dermatology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Marcia S Driscoll
- Department of Dermatology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
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17
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Abstract
Atopic dermatitis, a common chronic and pruritic inflammatory skin disorder, can create significant disruptions in sleep and quality of life. Atopic dermatitis is especially common in infants and children; therefore, safe and natural therapeutic options have considerable appeal. Over the past several decades, there has been an increase in the prevalence of atopic dermatitis in industrialized nations. Also, there is variability in the prevalence of atopic dermatitis in the United States, both across and within states. Environmental factors including diet are believed to be associated with this increased risk. Dietary interventions continue to be an area of keen interest and have been studied extensively, albeit with variable results. Maternal dietary restrictions during pregnancy and lactation, hydrolyzed or partially hydrolyzed formulas, delaying the introduction of solid foods, and omega-3 or omega-6 fatty acids supplementation do not appear to have a beneficial effect on the treatment and prevention of atopic dermatitis. Exclusive breastfeeding for 3 to 4 months, a diet high in fruits and vegetables, and prebiotics might have a beneficial effect. Because environmental triggers, including dietary exposures, are thought to play a role in the pathogenesis of atopic dermatitis, we herein review the current literature on the role of dietary habits, vitamin and mineral supplementation, and probiotics on the treatment and prevention of atopic dermatitis.
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18
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Kang CM, Chiang BL, Wang LC. Maternal Nutritional Status and Development of Atopic Dermatitis in Their Offspring. Clin Rev Allergy Immunol 2021; 61:128-155. [PMID: 32157654 DOI: 10.1007/s12016-020-08780-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is the leading chronic skin inflammatory disease and the initial manifestation of atopic march. Available evidence supports the notion that primary prevention early in life leads to a decreased incidence of AD, thus possibly decreasing the subsequent occurrence of atopic march. Nutritional status is essential to a proper functioning immune system and is valued for its important role in AD. Essential nutrients, which include carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, vitamins, and minerals, are transferred from the mother to the fetus through the placenta during gestation. Various nutrients, such as polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) and vitamin D, were studied in relation to maternal status and offspring allergy. However, no strong evidence indicates that a single nutrient or food in mothers' diet significantly affects the risk of childhood AD. In the light of current evidence, mothers should not either increase nor avoid consuming these nutrients to prevent or ameliorate allergic diseases in their offspring. Each essential nutrient has an important role in fetal development, and current government recommendations suggest specific intake amounts for pregnant women. This review discusses evidence on how various nutrients, including lipids (monounsaturated fatty acids, PUFAs, saturated fatty acids, and short-chain fatty acids), carbohydrates (oligosaccharides and polysaccharides), proteins, vitamins (A, B, C, D, and E), and trace minerals (magnesium, iron, zinc, copper, selenium, and strontium) in maternal status are associated with the development of AD and their possible mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Min Kang
- Department of Pediatrics, National Taiwan University Hospital, No. 7, Chung Shan South Road, Taipei, 10002, Taiwan, Republic of China
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Bor-Luen Chiang
- Department of Medical Research, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Li-Chieh Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, National Taiwan University Hospital, No. 7, Chung Shan South Road, Taipei, 10002, Taiwan, Republic of China.
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19
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Teo CWL, Tay SHY, Tey HL, Ung YW, Yap WN. Vitamin E in Atopic Dermatitis: From Preclinical to Clinical Studies. Dermatology 2020; 237:553-564. [PMID: 33070130 DOI: 10.1159/000510653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oxidative stress and inflammation are some of the proposed mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of atopic dermatitis (AD). Current pharmacotherapeutic approaches are effective yet they are not without adverse effects. Vitamin E has great potential as an adjunctive treatment for AD owing to its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory bioactivities. SUMMARY This review article summarizes the current available evidence from cellular, animal and clinical studies on the relationship between vitamin E and AD. The future prospects of vitamin E are also discussed. Vitamin E in practice does not show any toxicity to humans within a range of reasonable dosage. Albeit rarely, vitamin E as a contact allergen should be considered. Collectively, this review envisaged vitamin E as an adjunctive treatment for AD patients. Future research on the distinct effects of different vitamin E isoforms as well as their delivery system in skin disorders is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheryl Wei Ling Teo
- Research and Development Department, Davos Life Science, Singapore, Singapore, .,Research and Development Department, KL-Kepong Oleomas Sdn Bhd (KLK-Oleo), Selangor, Malaysia,
| | - Shawn Han Yueh Tay
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Hong Liang Tey
- National Skin Centre, Singapore, Singapore.,Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore.,Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yee Wei Ung
- Research and Development Department, KL-Kepong Oleomas Sdn Bhd (KLK-Oleo), Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Wei Ney Yap
- Research and Development Department, Davos Life Science, Singapore, Singapore.,Research and Development Department, KL-Kepong Oleomas Sdn Bhd (KLK-Oleo), Selangor, Malaysia
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20
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Anturaniemi J, Zaldívar-López S, Savelkoul HFJ, Elo K, Hielm-Björkman A. The Effect of Atopic Dermatitis and Diet on the Skin Transcriptome in Staffordshire Bull Terriers. Front Vet Sci 2020; 7:552251. [PMID: 33178726 PMCID: PMC7596200 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2020.552251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Canine atopic dermatitis (CAD) has a hereditary basis that is modified by interactions with the environment, including diet. Differentially expressed genes in non-lesional skin, determined by RNA sequencing before and after a dietary intervention, were compared between dogs with naturally occurring CAD (n = 4) and healthy dogs (n = 4). The dogs were fed either a common commercial heat-processed high carbohydrate food (kibble diet) (n = 4), or a non-processed high fat food (raw meat-based diet) (n = 4). At the end of the diet intervention, 149 differentially expressed transcripts were found between the atopic and healthy dogs. The main canonical pathways altered by the dysregulation of these genes were angiopoietin signaling, epidermal growth factor signaling, activation of angiogenesis, and alterations in keratinocyte proliferation and lipid metabolism. On the other hand, 33 differently expressed transcripts were found between the two diet groups, of which 8 encode genes that are annotated in the current version of the dog genome: immunoglobulin heavy constant mu (IGHM), immunoglobulin lambda-like polypeptide 5 (IGLL5), B-cell antigen receptor complex-associated protein beta chain (CD79B), polymeric immunoglobulin receptor (PIGR), cystathionine β-synthase (CBS), argininosuccinate synthase 1 (ASS1), secretory leukocyte peptidase inhibitor (SLPI), and mitochondrial ribosome recycling factor (MRRF). All genes were upregulated in the raw diet group. In conclusion the findings of this study suggest alterations in lipid and keratinocyte metabolism as well as angiogenesis in the skin of atopic dogs. Additionally, a possible enhancement of innate immunity and decrease in oxidative stress was seen in raw food fed dogs, which could have an important role in preventing hypersensitivities and disturbed immunity at young age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Anturaniemi
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Equine and Small Animal Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Sara Zaldívar-López
- Genomics and Animal Breeding Group, Department of Genetics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Huub F J Savelkoul
- Cell Biology and Immunology Group, Wageningen University, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Kari Elo
- Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry, Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Anna Hielm-Björkman
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Equine and Small Animal Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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21
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The Role of Environmental Exposures in Atopic Dermatitis. Curr Allergy Asthma Rep 2020; 20:74. [PMID: 33047271 DOI: 10.1007/s11882-020-00971-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Although genetic factors clearly play a role in the development of atopic dermatitis (AD), the recent dramatic increase in the prevalence of AD in low- and middle-income countries is not consistent with only a role of genetic factors. These findings strongly suggest that environmental factors may play an important role in the pathogenesis of AD. RECENT FINDINGS We reviewed the role of gene-environment studies; in utero exposures including tobacco smoke, alcohol, maternal stress, various digestive supplements, and gestational diabetes; early-life exposures including diet, gut microbiota, antibiotics, and breastfeeding; climate including temperature, ultraviolet radiation exposure, and air pollution; and household products, indoor allergens, water hardness, pH, and skin microbiota and their effects on AD. Environmental factors definitely play a role in the pathogenesis of AD. However, identifying definitive factors continues to be difficult in the setting of conflicting evidence and the complex interactions between genotypes and the environment resulting in a multitude of AD phenotypes. All of the different environmental interactions discussed highlight the importance of intervening on multiple levels in a patient's environment to improve or even prevent AD symptoms. Further, the importance of modifying environmental factors early on in a person's life is demonstrated. When possible, all of these environmental factors should be considered in treating a patient with AD and the appropriate modifications should be made at population and individual levels.
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22
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Marko M, Pawliczak R. Real-life efficiency and safety comparison study of emollient ointment based on glycerophosphoinositol (GPI) salt of choline and other emollient products in patients with atopic dermatitis. J DERMATOL TREAT 2020; 33:999-1010. [PMID: 32746664 DOI: 10.1080/09546634.2020.1800567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness and safety of emollient preparations in comparison with the emollient ointment containing glycerophosphoinositol salt of choline in patients with atopic dermatitis (AD). METHODS In a 'real-life' study, 300 patients with moderate AD were age-stratified and divided into two groups: patients applying GPI emollient and the comparator. We evaluated the effectiveness of AD treatment using: Eczema Area and Severity Index (EASI), Three Item Severity (TIS), Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) and Four-Item Itch Questionnaire. RESULTS The GPI emollient was superior in reduction AD symptoms in children: VAS (-2.58 ± 0.25), TIS (-2.22 ± 0.22), EASI (-15.27 ± 1.77), and adults: VAS (-2.42 ± 0.19), TIS (-2.22 ± 0.17), EASI (-13.22 ± 1.53), as compared to the other emollient in children: VAS (-0.67 ± 0.19), TIS (0.47 ± 0.19), EASI (-3.71 ± 1.01) and adults: VAS (-0.86 ± 0.09), TIS (0.77 ± 0.09), EASI (-2.95 ± 0.46), p < .001. Similar results were observed in Four Item Itch Questionnaire. CONCLUSION Both emollients showed good safety and tolerance profile and reduced AD symptoms. The GPI emollient seems to be more slightly effective in reducing AD symptoms as compared to the other commercially available emollient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Marko
- Division of Biomedical Science, Department of Immunopathology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Rafał Pawliczak
- Division of Biomedical Science, Department of Immunopathology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
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23
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Lee HH, Patel KR, Rastogi S, Singam V, Vakharia PP, Chopra R, Silverberg JI. Placebo responses in randomized controlled trials for systemic therapy in atopic dermatitis: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Am Acad Dermatol 2020; 82:62-71. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2019.05.102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2019] [Revised: 05/10/2019] [Accepted: 05/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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24
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Assessment of the Effectiveness of Vitamin Supplement in Treating Eczema: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2019; 2019:6956034. [PMID: 31781276 PMCID: PMC6875217 DOI: 10.1155/2019/6956034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Background The morbidity of eczema has increased in the recent years, and the methods to prevent or ameliorate its effects are becoming more important. To this end, this research was conducted to determine the effectiveness of vitamin supplements in eczema therapy. Method Embase, PubMed, and Cochrane Central Register of Clinical Trials were searched. Only randomized controlled trials were included, and we included all quantified eligible data where the SCORing Atopic Dermatitis (SCORAD) Index or Eczema Area and Severity Index (EASI) scores were applied to assess the severity of eczema. Results Ten studies fulfilled the inclusion criteria, and eight of them were included for quantitative analysis (total: 456 patients). Compared to the controls, the SCORAD index or EASI decreased in the vitamin supplement group (mean difference -5.96, 95% CI: -7.69 to -4.23 for vitamin D3; mean difference -5.72, 95% CI: -11.41 to -0.03 for vitamin E; and mean difference -3.19, 95% CI: -4.27 to -2.10 for vitamin B12). Conclusion This study suggests that vitamin supplements could be important therapeutics to help manage eczema patients.
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25
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Rademaker M, Agnew K, Andrews M, Baker C, Foley P, Gebauer K, Gupta M, Rubel DM, Somerville C, Sullivan J, Wong LC. Managing atopic dermatitis with systemic therapies in adults and adolescents: An Australian/New Zealand narrative. Australas J Dermatol 2019; 61:9-22. [PMID: 31529493 DOI: 10.1111/ajd.13141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2019] [Accepted: 07/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
With the rapid development of new, targeted therapies for the treatment of moderate/severe atopic dermatitis, it is opportune to review the available conventional systemic agents. We assess the published evidence for systemic therapies for atopic dermatitis and amalgamate this with real-world experience. Discussions are centred on when systemic therapy should be considered, which drug(s), what dose, how to sequence or combine these therapies, how long they should be continued for and what is considered success.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marius Rademaker
- Waikato Clinical Campus, University of Auckland's Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, Hamilton, New Zealand
| | - Karen Agnew
- Dermatology Department, Greenlane Clinical Centre, Auckland, New Zealand.,Starship Children's Hospital, Auckland, New Zealand
| | | | - Christopher Baker
- St Vincent's Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Skin & Cancer Foundation Inc., Carlton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Peter Foley
- St Vincent's Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Skin & Cancer Foundation Inc., Carlton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Kurt Gebauer
- University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.,Probity Medical Research, Freemantle, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Monisha Gupta
- Department of Dermatology, Liverpool Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,The Skin Hospital, Darlinghurst, New South Wales, Australia.,University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Diana M Rubel
- Woden Dermatology, Phillip, Australian Capital Territory, Australia.,Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Colin Somerville
- The Allergy West Clinic - Immunology, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - John Sullivan
- Kingsway Dermatology, Miranda, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Li-Chuen Wong
- The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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26
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Styrczewska M, Zuk M, Boba A, Zalewski I, Kulma A. Use of Natural Components Derived from Oil Seed Plants for Treatment of Inflammatory Skin Diseases. Curr Pharm Des 2019; 25:2241-2263. [PMID: 31333096 DOI: 10.2174/1381612825666190716111700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 07/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The incidence of inflammatory skin diseases is increasing, so the search for relevant therapeutics is of major concern. Plants are rich in phytochemicals which can alleviate many symptoms. In this review, we concentrate on compounds found in the seeds of widely cultivated plants, regularly used for oil production. The oils from these plants are often used to alleviate the symptoms of inflammatory diseases through synergetic action of unsaturated fatty acids and other phytochemicals most commonly derived from the terpenoid pathway. The knowledge of the chemical composition of oil seeds and the understanding of the mechanisms of action of single components should allow for a more tailored approach for the treatment for many diseases. In many cases, these seeds could serve as an efficient material for the isolation of pure phytochemicals. Here we present the content of phytochemicals, assumed to be responsible for healing properties of plant oils in a widely cultivated oil seed plants and review the proposed mechanism of action for fatty acids, selected mono-, sesqui-, di- and triterpenes, carotenoids, tocopherol and polyphenols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Styrczewska
- Department of Genetic Biochemistry, Faculty of Biotechnology, Wroclaw University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Magdalena Zuk
- Department of Genetic Biochemistry, Faculty of Biotechnology, Wroclaw University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Boba
- Department of Genetic Biochemistry, Faculty of Biotechnology, Wroclaw University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Iwan Zalewski
- Department of Genetic Biochemistry, Faculty of Biotechnology, Wroclaw University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Anna Kulma
- Department of Genetic Biochemistry, Faculty of Biotechnology, Wroclaw University, Wroclaw, Poland
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27
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Witzel-Rollins A, Murphy M, Becvarova I, Werre SR, Cadiergues MC, Meyer H. Non-controlled, open-label clinical trial to assess the effectiveness of a dietetic food on pruritus and dermatologic scoring in atopic dogs. BMC Vet Res 2019; 15:220. [PMID: 31253166 PMCID: PMC6599232 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-019-1929-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2018] [Accepted: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Canine atopic dermatitis (AD) is a common skin disease. The goal of this study was to evaluate food designed to improve skin barrier function and lower inflammation to reduce pruritus and clinical severity in client-owned atopic dogs. The food contained an antioxidant blend to reduce oxidative stress, plant polyphenols to stabilize mast cells, and polyunsaturated fatty acids to improve skin health and reduce inflammation. RESULTS Seventeen dogs were included in the analysis. Initially 48 adult atopic dogs were enrolled and exclusively fed a dermatologic food for 8 weeks in a non-controlled, open-label study. Thirty-one dogs were excluded for the following reasons: oral and topical medication changes (n = 17), missing data (n = 4), fatty acid supplementation (n = 3), food refusal (n = 3), dropped out (n = 3), and owner concerns (n = 1). Using a scale from 0 (normal) - 4 (severe), veterinarians evaluated the presence and severity of clinical signs of atopy at weeks 0, 4, and 8. Pet owners also rated their pet's clinical signs of atopy on a scale from 0 (not present) - 10 (present continuously) at weeks 0, 4, and 8. Compared with initial baseline scores (median 19, range 3-69), the total veterinarian scores were significantly lower at weeks 4 (median 11, range 1-15) and 8 (median 7, range 3-46) (p < 0.05). Similarly, owner assessments showed significant improvements in the least squares mean (LSM) from baseline to 4 weeks (itching, redness, licking, and scratching) continuing to 8 weeks (itching, redness, and scratching) (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS In this open, non-controlled study evaluating a dermatologic diet in seventeen client-owned dogs, owner and veterinarian assessments showed statistically significant reductions in clinical scores designed to measure severity of atopic dermatitis. While these results show promise for the management of canine atopic dermatitis, controlled clinical trials are also needed to affirm our findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Witzel-Rollins
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, The University of Tennessee College of Veterinary Medicine, 2407 River Drive, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA
| | - Maryanne Murphy
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, The University of Tennessee College of Veterinary Medicine, 2407 River Drive, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA
| | - Iveta Becvarova
- Hill’s Pet Nutrition Europe, 4106 Therwil, Grabetsmattweg, Switzerland
| | - Stephen R. Werre
- Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, 205 Duck Pond Drive, Blacksburg, Virginia, 24061 USA
| | | | - Hein Meyer
- Hill’s Pet Nutrition Europe, 4106 Therwil, Grabetsmattweg, Switzerland
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Kumar S, Jeong Y, Ashraf MU, Bae YS. Dendritic Cell-Mediated Th2 Immunity and Immune Disorders. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20092159. [PMID: 31052382 PMCID: PMC6539046 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20092159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2019] [Revised: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) are the professional antigen-presenting cells that recognize and present antigens to naïve T cells to induce antigen-specific adaptive immunity. Among the T-cell subsets, T helper type 2 (Th2) cells produce the humoral immune responses required for protection against helminthic disease by activating B cells. DCs induce a Th2 immune response at a certain immune environment. Basophil, eosinophil, mast cells, and type 2 innate lymphoid cells also induce Th2 immunity. However, in the case of DCs, controversy remains regarding which subsets of DCs induce Th2 immunity, which genes in DCs are directly or indirectly involved in inducing Th2 immunity, and the detailed mechanisms underlying induction, regulation, or maintenance of the DC-mediated Th2 immunity against allergic environments and parasite infection. A recent study has shown that a genetic defect in DCs causes an enhanced Th2 immunity leading to severe atopic dermatitis. We summarize the Th2 immune-inducing DC subsets, the genetic and environmental factors involved in DC-mediated Th2 immunity, and current therapeutic approaches for Th2-mediated immune disorders. This review is to provide an improved understanding of DC-mediated Th2 immunity and Th1/Th2 immune balancing, leading to control over their adverse consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunil Kumar
- Science Research Center (SRC) for Immune Research on Non-Lymphoid Organ (CIRNO), Sungkyunkwan University, Jangan-gu, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do 16419, Korea.
| | - Yideul Jeong
- Science Research Center (SRC) for Immune Research on Non-Lymphoid Organ (CIRNO), Sungkyunkwan University, Jangan-gu, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do 16419, Korea.
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sungkyunkwan University, Jangan-gu, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do 16419, Korea.
| | - Muhammad Umer Ashraf
- Science Research Center (SRC) for Immune Research on Non-Lymphoid Organ (CIRNO), Sungkyunkwan University, Jangan-gu, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do 16419, Korea.
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sungkyunkwan University, Jangan-gu, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do 16419, Korea.
| | - Yong-Soo Bae
- Science Research Center (SRC) for Immune Research on Non-Lymphoid Organ (CIRNO), Sungkyunkwan University, Jangan-gu, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do 16419, Korea.
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sungkyunkwan University, Jangan-gu, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do 16419, Korea.
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Abstract
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic pruritic inflammatory skin disease in which management with topical anti-inflammatory agents during exacerbations remains the mainstay of treatment. With no cure in sight, a significant proportion of patients elect to incorporate complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) as an adjunct to conventional treatment. Many clinicians find it difficult to provide recommendations as the field covers an extensive number of very disparate therapies, with limited quality evidence to indicate efficacy. Since publication of the last review on this topic in the Journal that compiled and analyzed randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on CAMs in 2015, several new studies have surfaced. This update aims to aggregate and review these new data. A literature search was conducted in the PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and Global Resource for EczemA Trials (GREAT) databases for RCTs on complementary and alternative therapies in AD from March 2015 through May 2018, resulting in 15 studies being included in this review. The preliminary results for many treatments such as vitamin E, East Indian Sandalwood Oil (EISO), melatonin, L-histidine, and Manuka honey show positive clinical effects, but there is currently not enough evidence to recommend their use in AD therapy. Future investigative efforts should focus on reproducing some of these studies with a larger sample size whose clinical characteristics and demographics are more reflective of the general AD population, and standardizing the process to produce reliable data.
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Vaughn AR, Foolad N, Maarouf M, Tran KA, Shi VY. Micronutrients in Atopic Dermatitis: A Systematic Review. J Altern Complement Med 2019; 25:567-577. [PMID: 30912673 DOI: 10.1089/acm.2018.0363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: The pathophysiology of atopic dermatitis (AD) involves a complex interplay between immune system dysfunction, genetics, and environmental factors. It is well known that nutritional status is essential to a proper functioning immune system, leading to a highly debated question regarding the role of dietary factors in the pathogenesis of AD. Food allergies and elimination diets have been broadly studied in atopy; however, less consideration has been given to how vitamins, minerals, and other micronutrients influence the risk for AD and severity of symptoms. This systematic review discusses evidence on how various micronutrients, including vitamins (C, E, and D) and trace minerals (zinc, selenium, iron, copper, magnesium, and strontium) are associated with AD, and how supplementation influence disease severity. Design: A systematic search was conducted to identify the role that oral micronutrients have on AD. The authors reviewed 49 studies herein. Results: While there are weak associations between vitamins C or E and AD, there is sufficient evidence to suggest that vitamin D supplementation provides benefit in AD patients. Deficiency of selenium and zinc may exacerbate AD. Current reports are not sufficient to confidently discern the role of other vitamins and trace minerals on AD. Conclusions: Though oral micronutrients may play a role in AD, the current literature is limited, and there is a need for more comprehensive randomized controlled trials (RCTs) to truly decipher the role between oral micronutrients and AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra R Vaughn
- 1 Department of Dermatology, University of California-Davis, Sacramento, CA
| | - Negar Foolad
- 2 School of Medicine, University of California-Davis, Sacramento, CA
| | - Melody Maarouf
- 3 College of Medicine, University of Arizona-Tucson, Tucson, AZ
| | - Khiem A Tran
- 3 College of Medicine, University of Arizona-Tucson, Tucson, AZ
| | - Vivian Y Shi
- 4 Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, University of Arizona-Tucson, Tucson, AZ
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31
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Reynolds KA, Juhasz MLW, Mesinkovska NA. The role of oral vitamins and supplements in the management of atopic dermatitis: a systematic review. Int J Dermatol 2019; 58:1371-1376. [DOI: 10.1111/ijd.14404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2018] [Revised: 12/28/2018] [Accepted: 01/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Maarouf M, Vaughn AR, Shi VY. Topical micronutrients in atopic dermatitis-An evidence-based review. Dermatol Ther 2018; 31:e12659. [DOI: 10.1111/dth.12659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2018] [Revised: 06/17/2018] [Accepted: 06/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Maarouf
- College of Medicine; University of Arizona; Tucson Arizona
| | - A. R. Vaughn
- College of Medicine; Drexel University; Philadelphia Pennsylvania
| | - V. Y. Shi
- Department of Medicine, Division of Dermatology; University of Arizona; Tucson Arizona
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Golpour M, Ghaffari J, Dabbaghzadeh A, Rezaiefard J. Management of Children with Atopic Dermatitis: A Narrative Review. JOURNAL OF PEDIATRICS REVIEW 2016. [DOI: 10.17795/jpr-7474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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