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Kump DS. Mechanisms Underlying the Rarity of Skeletal Muscle Cancers. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6480. [PMID: 38928185 PMCID: PMC11204341 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25126480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2024] [Revised: 06/04/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle (SKM), despite comprising ~40% of body mass, rarely manifests cancer. This review explores the mechanisms that help to explain this rarity, including unique SKM architecture and function, which prohibits the development of new cancer as well as negates potential metastasis to SKM. SKM also presents a unique immune environment that may magnify the anti-tumorigenic effect. Moreover, the SKM microenvironment manifests characteristics such as decreased extracellular matrix stiffness and altered lactic acid, pH, and oxygen levels that may interfere with tumor development. SKM also secretes anti-tumorigenic myokines and other molecules. Collectively, these mechanisms help account for the rarity of SKM cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- David S Kump
- Department of Biological Sciences, Winston-Salem State University, 601 Martin Luther King Jr. Dr., Winston-Salem, NC 27110, USA
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2
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Argentato PP, Guerra JVDS, Luzia LA, Ramos ES, Maschietto M, Rondó PHDC. Integrative network analysis of differentially methylated regions to study the impact of gestational weight gain on maternal metabolism and fetal-neonatal growth. Genet Mol Biol 2024; 47:e20230203. [PMID: 38530405 PMCID: PMC10993311 DOI: 10.1590/1678-4685-gmb-2023-0203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Integrative network analysis (INA) is important for identifying gene modules or epigenetically regulated molecular pathways in diseases. This study evaluated the effect of excessive gestational weight gain (EGWG) on INA of differentially methylated regions, maternal metabolism and offspring growth. Brazilian women from "The Araraquara Cohort Study" with adequate pre-pregnancy body mass index were divided into EGWG (n=30) versus adequate gestational weight gain (AGWG, n=45) groups. The methylome analysis was performed on maternal blood using the Illumina MethylationEPIC BeadChip. Fetal-neonatal growth was assessed by ultrasound and anthropometry, respectively. Maternal lipid and glycemic profiles were investigated. Maternal triglycerides-TG (p=0.030) and total cholesterol (p=0.014); fetus occipito-frontal diameter (p=0.005); neonate head circumference-HC (p=0.016) and thoracic perimeter (p=0.020) were greater in the EGWG compared to the AGWG group. Multiple linear regression analysis showed that maternal DNA methylation was associated with maternal TG and fasting insulin, fetal abdominal circumference, and fetal and neonate HC. The DMRs studied were enriched in 142 biological processes, 21 molecular functions,and 17 cellular components with terms directed for the fatty acids metabolism. Three DMGMs were identified:COL3A1, ITGA4 and KLRK1. INA targeted chronic diseases and maternal metabolism contributing to an epigenetic understanding of the involvement of GWG in maternal metabolism and fetal-neonatal growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Perla Pizzi Argentato
- Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Saúde Pública, Departamento de Nutrição, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - João Victor da Silva Guerra
- Centro Nacional de Pesquisa em Energia e Materiais (CNPEM), Laboratório Nacional de Biociências (LNBio). Campinas, SP, Brazil
- Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Liania Alves Luzia
- Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Saúde Pública, Departamento de Nutrição, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Ester Silveira Ramos
- Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Departamento de Genética, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Mariana Maschietto
- Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Biologia, Departamento de Biologia Estrutural e Funcional, Campinas, SP, Brazil
- Centro Infantil Boldrini, Campinas, SP, Brazil
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3
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Abdullahi A, Wong TW, Ng SS. Understanding the mechanisms of disease modifying effects of aerobic exercise in people with Alzheimer's disease. Ageing Res Rev 2024; 94:102202. [PMID: 38272266 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2024.102202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a very disabling disease. Pathologically, it is characterized by the presence of amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles in the brain that results in neurodegeneration. Its clinical manifestations include progressive memory impairment, language decline and difficulty in carrying out activities of daily living (ADL). The disease is managed using interventions such as pharmacological interventions and aerobic exercise. Use of aerobic exercise has shown some promises in reducing the risk of developing AD, and improving cognitive function and the ability to carry out both basic and instrumental ADL. Although, the mechanisms through which aerobic exercise improves AD are poorly understood, improvement in vascular function, brain glucose metabolism and cardiorespiratory fitness, increase in antioxidant capacity and haemoglobin level, amelioration of immune-related and inflammatory responses, modulation of concentration of circulating Neurotrophins and peptides and decrease in concentration of tau protein and cortisol level among others seem to be the possible mechanisms. Therefore, understanding these mechanisms is important to help characterize the dose and the nature of the aerobic exercise to be given. In addition, they may also help in finding ways to optimize other interventions such as the pharmacological interventions. However, more quality studies are needed to verify the mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Auwal Abdullahi
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Thomson Wl Wong
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Shamay Sm Ng
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China.
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Mwangi GF, Niyonzima N, Atwine R, Tusubira D, Mugyenyi GR, Ssedyabane F. Dyslipidemia: prevalence and association with precancerous and cancerous lesions of the cervix; a pilot study. Lipids Health Dis 2024; 23:3. [PMID: 38184564 PMCID: PMC10770978 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-023-01997-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/08/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In Sub-Saharan Africa, the prevalence of dyslipidemia is on the rise, with studies showing dyslipidemia as a contributing factor to the progression of premalignant lesions to cervical cancer. In Uganda, cervical cancer and dyslipidemia are common health concerns, considering the increasing trends of dyslipidemia in the general population and inadequate information regarding dyslipidemia and cervical lesions. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of dyslipidemia and its association with precancerous and cancerous lesions of the cervix among women attending a cervical cancer clinic at the Uganda Cancer Institute. METHODS This cross-sectional study was conducted from February to April 2022 among women with premalignant and malignant lesions of the cervix. Data on social demographics and health-seeking behaviours were collected using a pretested structured questionnaire after written informed consent had been obtained. Pap smear collection preceded visual inspection with acetic acid; cervical biopsies were collected appropriately from eligible participants; and cervical lesions were classified using the Bethesda system 2014. Serum lipids, total cholesterol (T.C.), high-density lipoprotein (HDLc), low-density lipoprotein (LDLc), and triglycerides (T.G.s) were analysed using the COBAS™ 6000 Clinical Chemistry Analyser. The associations were assessed using the chi-square test, and P ≤ 0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS The overall prevalence of dyslipidemia among women with cervical lesions was 118/159 (74%), and low HDLc was the most prevalent at 64.6% (95% CI 39.0-54.3). High T.C. (P = 0.05), high T.G.s (P = 0.011), and low HDL-c (P = 0.05) showed a significant association with precancerous lesions. High LDL-c (P = 0.019), high T.G.s (P = 0.02), and high T.G.s (P < 0.001) showed a statistically significant association with cancerous lesions. CONCLUSION The prevalence of dyslipidemia was high, with high TC, T.G.s, and low HDL-c significantly associated with precancerous lesions. Also, elevated T.G.s and high LDLc were significantly associated with cancerous lesions. Women may benefit from dyslipidemia screening along with cervical cancer screening. WHAT THIS STUDY ADDS The present study builds upon previous findings suggesting a link between dyslipidemia and cervical lesions by investigating the relationship between these two factors, specifically in women of this geographical location, where we need adequate information on these associations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gakii Fridah Mwangi
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Mbarara University of Science and Technology (MUST), P.O. Box 1410, Mbarara, Uganda.
| | - Nixon Niyonzima
- Uganda Cancer Institute (UCI), P.O. Box 3935, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Raymond Atwine
- Department of Pathology, Mbarara University of Science and Technology (MUST), P.O. Box 1410, Mbarara, Uganda
| | - Deusdedit Tusubira
- Department of Biochemistry, Mbarara University of Science and Technology (MUST), P.O. Box 1410, Mbarara, Uganda
| | - Godfrey R Mugyenyi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Mbarara University of Science and Technology (MUST), P.O. Box 1410, Mbarara, Uganda
| | - Frank Ssedyabane
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Mbarara University of Science and Technology (MUST), P.O. Box 1410, Mbarara, Uganda
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McIntyre CL, Temesgen A, Lynch L. Diet, nutrient supply, and tumor immune responses. Trends Cancer 2023; 9:752-763. [PMID: 37400315 DOI: 10.1016/j.trecan.2023.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/05/2023]
Abstract
Nutrients are essential for cell function. Immune cells operating in the complex tumor microenvironment (TME), which has a unique nutrient composition, face challenges of adapting their metabolism to support effector functions. We discuss the impact of nutrient availability on immune function in the tumor, competition between immune cells and tumor cells for nutrients, and how this is altered by diet. Understanding which diets can promote antitumor immune responses could open a new era of treatment, where dietary modifications can be used as an adjunct to boost the success of existing cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire L McIntyre
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ayantu Temesgen
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Lydia Lynch
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland.
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Li L, Zhai S, Wang R, Kong F, Yang A, Wang C, Yu H, Li Y, Wang D. Anti-Obesity Effect of Auricularia delicate Involves Intestinal-Microbiota-Mediated Oxidative Stress Regulation in High-Fat-Diet-Fed Mice. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15040872. [PMID: 36839230 PMCID: PMC9962468 DOI: 10.3390/nu15040872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 02/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Auricularia delicate (ADe), an edible fungus belonging to the family Auriculariaceae and order Auriculariales, possesses antimicrobial, hepatoprotective, and antioxidant effects. In this study, after systematic analysis of its composition, ADe was administered to high-fat-diet (HFD)-fed mice to investigate its anti-obesity effect. ADe significantly controlled body weight; alleviated hepatic steatosis and adipocyte hypertrophy; reduced aspartate aminotransferase, total cholesterol, insulin, and resistin; and increased adiponectin levels in HFD-fed mice serum. Based on intestinal microbiota and lipidomics analysis, ADe treatment regulated the composition and abundance of 49 intestinal microorganisms and influenced the abundance of 8 lipid species compared with HFD-fed mice. Based on a correlation analysis of the intestinal microbiota and lipids, Coprococcus showed significant negative associations with ceramide (d18:0 20:0+O), phosphatidylserine (39:4), sphingomyelin (d38:4), and zymosterol (20:2). Moreover, ADe treatment decreased the levels of ROS and MDA and increased the levels of Nrf2, HO-1, and three antioxidant enzymes in HFD-fed mice livers. Collectively, the anti-obesity effect of ADe involves the regulation of oxidative stress and is mediated by the intestinal microbiota. Hence, this study provides a reference for the application of ADe as a candidate food for obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lanzhou Li
- Engineering Research Center of Edible and Medicinal Fungi, Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Modern Agricultural Technology, Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Siyu Zhai
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Ruochen Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Fange Kong
- Engineering Research Center of Edible and Medicinal Fungi, Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Anhui Yang
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Chunyue Wang
- Engineering Research Center of Edible and Medicinal Fungi, Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Han Yu
- College of Agriculture, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
- Correspondence: (H.Y.); (D.W.)
| | - Yu Li
- Engineering Research Center of Edible and Medicinal Fungi, Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Di Wang
- Engineering Research Center of Edible and Medicinal Fungi, Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Modern Agricultural Technology, Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
- Correspondence: (H.Y.); (D.W.)
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Meyer AA, Mathews EH, Gous AGS, Mathews MJ. Using a Systems Approach to Explore the Mechanisms of Interaction Between Severe Covid-19 and Its Coronary Heart Disease Complications. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:737592. [PMID: 35252372 PMCID: PMC8888693 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.737592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Frontiers requested research on how a systems approach can explore the mechanisms of cardiovascular complications in Covid-19. The focus of this paper will thus be on these detailed mechanisms. It will elucidate the integrated pathogenic pathways based on an extensive review of literature. Many severe Covid-19 cases and deaths occur in patients with chronic cardiovascular comorbidities. To help understand all the mechanisms of this interaction, Covid-19 complications were integrated into a pre-existing systems-based coronary heart disease (CHD) model. Such a complete model could not be found in literature. A fully integrative view could be valuable in identifying new pharmaceutical interventions, help understand how health factors influence Covid-19 severity and give a fully integrated explanation for the Covid-19 death spiral phenomenon seen in some patients. Covid-19 data showed that CHD hallmarks namely, Hypercoagulability, Hypercholesterolemia, Hyperglycemia/Hyperinsulinemia, Inflammation and Hypertension have an important effect on disease severity. The pathogenic pathways that Covid-19 activate in CHD were integrated into the CHD model. This fully integrated model presents a visual explanation of the mechanism of interaction between CHD and Covid-19 complications. This includes a detailed integrated explanation of the death spiral as a result of interactions between Inflammation, endothelial cell injury, Hypercoagulability and hypoxia. Additionally, the model presents the aggravation of this death spiral through the other CHD hallmarks namely, Hyperglycemia/Hyperinsulinemia, Hypercholesterolemia, and/or Hypertension. The resulting model further suggests systematically how the pathogenesis of nine health factors (stress, exercise, smoking, etc.) and seven pharmaceutical interventions (statins, salicylates, thrombin inhibitors, etc.) may either aggravate or suppress Covid-19 severity. A strong association between CHD and Covid-19 for all the investigated health factors and pharmaceutical interventions, except for β-blockers, was found. It is further discussed how the proposed model can be extended in future to do computational analysis to help assess the risk of Covid-19 in cardiovascular disease. With insight gained from this study, recommendations are made for future research in potential new pharmacotherapeutics. These recommendations could also be beneficial for cardiovascular disease, which killed five times more people in the past year than Covid-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albertus A. Meyer
- Centre for Research in Continued Engineering Development (CRCED), North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - Edward H. Mathews
- Centre for Research in Continued Engineering Development (CRCED), North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
- Department of Physiology, Medical School, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
- Department of Industrial Engineering, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Andries G. S. Gous
- Department of Industrial Engineering, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Marc J. Mathews
- Department of Industrial Engineering, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
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Kubica K, Balbus J. A computer study of the risk of cholesterol gallstone associated with obesity and normal weight. Sci Rep 2021; 11:8868. [PMID: 33893348 PMCID: PMC8065120 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-88249-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Obese people differ from the people of normal weight in gall bladder motility and have a higher risk of cholesterol stone formation. In this study, using a mathematical model of cholesterol homeostasis, which also considers the enterohepatic circulation of bile as well as cholesterol, we investigated the risk of cholesterol stone formation in obese and normal-weight groups who had normal blood cholesterol levels. We associated the risk of stone formation with the amount of cholesterol released into bile and the amount of de novo-synthesized cholic acid. For both groups, we determined the conditions of low and high risk. In addition, we analyzed the potential effects of changes in gall bladder motility with increased weight. The results showed that the obese group exhibited increased kinetics of enterohepatic circulation, leading to a significant increase in blood cholesterol levels, which can be reduced by increasing the amount of cholesterol in bile. Based on this finding, we suggest that for obese people, it is beneficial to reduce the amount and change the composition of circulating bile through the inhibition of cholic acid synthesis along with cholesterol synthesis. Furthermore, obese people should maintain a triglyceride-lowering diet and consume small meals containing fat, preferably in combination with agents that can reduce bile output from the gall bladder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krystian Kubica
- Faculty of Fundamental Problems of Technology, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, 50-370, Wroclaw, Poland.
| | - Joanna Balbus
- Department of Pure and Applied Mathematics, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, 50-372, Wroclaw, Poland
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Jantsch MH, Bernardes VM, Oliveira JS, Passos DF, Dornelles GL, Manzoni AG, Cabral FL, da Silva JLG, Schetinger MRC, Leal DBR. Tucumã (Astrocaryum aculeatum) prevents memory loss and oxidative imbalance in the brain of rats with hyperlipidemia. J Food Biochem 2021; 45:e13636. [PMID: 33533491 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.13636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Revised: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Hyperlipidemia generates deposition of lipids, inflammation, and oxidative damage in cells and tissues, including those of the brain. Tucumã (Astrocaryum aculeatum) fruits contain bioactive compounds with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. We evaluated the action of Tucumã extract on memory and brain cortex redox balance in hyperlipidemic rats. For 30 days, Wistar rats received Tucumã extract (250 mg/kg). Then, hyperlipidemia was induced by intraperitoneal administration of Poloxamer-407. Twenty-four hours later, the object recognition index was measured. The animals were euthanized for sample collection 36 hr postinduction. Hyperlipidemic animals showed memory loss and an imbalance between reactive species and intrinsic antioxidants. We found that Tucumã prevented memory loss and protein and lipid oxidative damage and prompted a better antioxidant response in the cerebral cortex of rats with hyperlipidemia. These findings suggest a neuroprotective effect and nutraceutical potential of Tucumã. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: In the present work, we demonstrated that induced hyperlipidemia in rats caused memory loss and redox unbalance, both factors prevented by the administration of Tucumã (Astrocaryum aculeatum) extract. Two aims were fulfilled with these results. The first was to show that hyperlipidemia affected brain function through oxidative damage and concerned basic research. The second was to offer a therapy that prevented this harm and could be applied in the clinic. Tucumã has ethnopharmacological importance through the consumption of fruits or the administration of extracts and oils by a population that was shown to enjoy improved health and longevity. Here, we show evidence that Tucumã contributes to the maintenance of brain health by preventing memory loss and oxidative damage, a nutraceutical supplement that may aid the prevention of vascular, inflammatory, and brain diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matheus Henrique Jantsch
- Laboratório de Imunobiologia Experimental e Aplicada (LABIBIO), Departamento de Microbiologia e Parasitologia, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-graduação em Bioquímica Toxicológica, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Viviane Martins Bernardes
- Laboratório de Imunobiologia Experimental e Aplicada (LABIBIO), Departamento de Microbiologia e Parasitologia, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Juliana Sorraila Oliveira
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Bioquímica Toxicológica, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Daniela Ferreira Passos
- Laboratório de Imunobiologia Experimental e Aplicada (LABIBIO), Departamento de Microbiologia e Parasitologia, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-graduação em Bioquímica Toxicológica, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Guilherme Lopes Dornelles
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Medicina Veterinária, Centro de Ciências Rurais, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Alessandra Guedes Manzoni
- Laboratório de Imunobiologia Experimental e Aplicada (LABIBIO), Departamento de Microbiologia e Parasitologia, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-graduação em Bioquímica Toxicológica, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Licker Cabral
- Laboratório de Imunobiologia Experimental e Aplicada (LABIBIO), Departamento de Microbiologia e Parasitologia, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Jean Lucas Gutknecht da Silva
- Laboratório de Imunobiologia Experimental e Aplicada (LABIBIO), Departamento de Microbiologia e Parasitologia, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-graduação em Bioquímica Toxicológica, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Maria Rosa Chitolina Schetinger
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Bioquímica Toxicológica, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Daniela Bitencourt Rosa Leal
- Laboratório de Imunobiologia Experimental e Aplicada (LABIBIO), Departamento de Microbiologia e Parasitologia, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-graduação em Bioquímica Toxicológica, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
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Bove V, Schepis T, Boškoski I, Landi R, Orlandini B, Pontecorvi V, Familiari P, Tringali A, Perri V, Costamagna G. Bilio-pancreatic endoscopy during COVID-19 pandemic. Therap Adv Gastroenterol 2020; 13:1756284820935187. [PMID: 32636930 PMCID: PMC7315654 DOI: 10.1177/1756284820935187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
On 31 December 2019, the WHO China Country Office was informed of cases of pneumonia of unknown etiology detected in Wuhan (Hubei Province of China). In January 2020, a new coronavirus named SARS-CoV2 was isolated and, since that time, SARS-CoV2 related disease (COVID-19) rapidly spread all over the world becoming pandemic in March 2020. The COVID-19 outbreak dramatically affected the public-health and the health-care facilities organization. Bilio-pancreatic endoscopy is considered a high-risk procedure for cross-contamination and, even though it is not directly involved in COVID-19 diagnosis and management, its reorganization is crucial to guarantee high standards of care minimizing the risk of SARS-CoV2 transmission among patients and health-care providers. Bilio-pancreatic endoscopic procedures often require a short physical distance between the endoscopist and the patient for a long period of time, a frequent exchange of devices, the involvement of a large number of personnel, the use of complex endoscopes difficult to reprocess. On this basis, endoscopic units should take precautions with adjusted management of bilio-pancreatic endoscopy. The aim of this article is to discuss the approach to bilio-pancreatic endoscopy in the COVID-19 era with focus on diagnostic algorithms, indications, management of the endoscopic room, proper use of Personal Protective Equipment and correct reprocessing of instrumentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincenzo Bove
- Digestive Endoscopy Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCSS, Largo A. Gemelli, 8, Rome, 00168, Italy
- Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore di Roma, Center for Endoscopic Research Therapeutics and Training (CERTT), Rome, Italy
| | - Tommaso Schepis
- Digestive Endoscopy Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCSS, Rome, Italy
- Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore di Roma, Center for Endoscopic Research Therapeutics and Training (CERTT), Rome, Italy
| | - Ivo Boškoski
- Digestive Endoscopy Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCSS, Rome, Italy
- Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore di Roma, Center for Endoscopic Research Therapeutics and Training (CERTT), Rome, Italy
| | - Rosario Landi
- Digestive Endoscopy Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCSS, Rome, Italy
- Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore di Roma, Center for Endoscopic Research Therapeutics and Training (CERTT), Rome, Italy
| | - Beatrice Orlandini
- Digestive Endoscopy Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCSS, Rome, Italy
- Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore di Roma, Center for Endoscopic Research Therapeutics and Training (CERTT), Rome, Italy
| | - Valerio Pontecorvi
- Digestive Endoscopy Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCSS, Rome, Italy
- Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore di Roma, Center for Endoscopic Research Therapeutics and Training (CERTT), Rome, Italy
| | - Pietro Familiari
- Digestive Endoscopy Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCSS, Rome, Italy
- Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore di Roma, Center for Endoscopic Research Therapeutics and Training (CERTT), Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Tringali
- Digestive Endoscopy Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCSS, Rome, Italy
- Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore di Roma, Center for Endoscopic Research Therapeutics and Training (CERTT), Rome, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Perri
- Digestive Endoscopy Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCSS, Rome, Italy
- Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore di Roma, Center for Endoscopic Research Therapeutics and Training (CERTT), Rome, Italy
| | - Guido Costamagna
- Digestive Endoscopy Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCSS, Rome, Italy
- Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore di Roma, Center for Endoscopic Research Therapeutics and Training (CERTT), Rome, Italy
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Guarana (Paullinia cupana) ameliorates memory impairment and modulates acetylcholinesterase activity in Poloxamer-407-induced hyperlipidemia in rat brain. Physiol Behav 2017; 168:11-19. [DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2016.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2016] [Revised: 09/21/2016] [Accepted: 10/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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Jiao J, Han SF, Zhang W, Xu JY, Tong X, Yin XB, Yuan LX, Qin LQ. Chronic leucine supplementation improves lipid metabolism in C57BL/6J mice fed with a high-fat/cholesterol diet. Food Nutr Res 2016; 60:31304. [PMID: 27616737 PMCID: PMC5018683 DOI: 10.3402/fnr.v60.31304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2016] [Revised: 08/04/2016] [Accepted: 08/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Leucine supplementation has been reported to improve lipid metabolism. However, lipid metabolism in adipose tissues and liver has not been extensively studied for leucine supplementation in mice fed with a high-fat/cholesterol diet (HFCD). Design C57BL/6J mice were fed a chow diet, HFCD, HFCD supplemented with 1.5% leucine (HFCD+1.5% Leu group) or 3% leucine (HFCD+3% Leu group) for 24 weeks. The body weight, peritoneal adipose weight, total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride in serum and liver, and serum adipokines were analyzed. In addition, expression levels of proteins associated with hepatic lipogenesis, adipocyte lipolysis, and white adipose tissue (WAT) browning were determined. Results Mice in the HFCD group developed obesity and deteriorated lipid metabolism. Compared with HFCD, leucine supplementation lowered weight gain and TC levels in circulation and the liver without changing energy intake. The decrease in body fat was supported by histological examination in the WAT and liver. Furthermore, serum levels of proinflammatory adipokines, such as leptin, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha, were significantly decreased by supplemented leucine. At the protein level, leucine potently decreased the hepatic lipogenic enzymes (fatty acid synthase and acetyl-coenzyme A carboxylase) and corresponding upstream proteins. In epididymal WAT, the reduced expression levels of two major lipases by HFCD, namely phosphorylated hormone-sensitive lipase and adipose triglyceride lipase, were reversed when leucine was supplemented. Uncoupling protein 1, β3 adrenergic receptors, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor g coactivator-1α, and fibroblast growth factor 21 were involved in the thermogenic program and WAT browning. Leucine additionally upregulated their protein expression in both WAT and interscapular brown adipose tissue. Conclusion This study demonstrated that chronic leucine supplementation reduced the body weight and improved the lipid profile of mice fed with a HFCD. This beneficial effect was ascribed to hepatic lipogenesis, adipocyte lipolysis, and WAT browning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Jiao
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Shu-Fen Han
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Jia-Ying Xu
- School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Xing Tong
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Xue-Bin Yin
- Jiangsu Bio-Engineering Research Centre of Selenium, Suzhou, China
| | - Lin-Xi Yuan
- Jiangsu Bio-Engineering Research Centre of Selenium, Suzhou, China
| | - Li-Qiang Qin
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Disease, Soochow University, Suzhou, China;
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Antioxidation Effect of Simvastatin in Aorta and Hippocampus: A Rabbit Model Fed High-Cholesterol Diet. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2015; 2016:6929306. [PMID: 26798426 PMCID: PMC4699013 DOI: 10.1155/2016/6929306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2015] [Revised: 09/16/2015] [Accepted: 09/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
We show that hypercholesterolemia contributes to oxidative stress injury progression in brain and simvastatin counteracts the cholesterol-induced peroxidation injury in rabbit hippocampus, and we demonstrate for the first time that the simvastatin is a critical role in brain protection and identify HO-1 and other related antioxidant enzymes as molecular target for active redox compounds. Second, our experiments have pointed out an association between statin treatment and a decrease in the risk of having peroxidation damage of brain. The balance effects of simvastatin to ROS and antioxidants enzymes network are most probably due to improved SOD functional activity, increase in GSH-Px, increase in HO-1 expression, and decrease of MDA generation.
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