1
|
Crane L, Merck A, Delanthamajalu S, Grieger K, Marshall AM, Boyer TH. Benchmarks for urine volume generation and phosphorus mass recovery in commercial and institutional buildings. WATER RESEARCH X 2024; 23:100227. [PMID: 38765691 PMCID: PMC11101975 DOI: 10.1016/j.wroa.2024.100227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Revised: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
Phosphorus (P) is a finite resource and necessary nutrient for agriculture. Urine contains a higher concentration of P than domestic wastewater, which can be recovered by source separation and treatment (hereafter urine diversion). Commercial and institutional (CI) buildings are a logical location for urine diversion since restrooms account for a substantial fraction of water use and wastewater generation. This study estimated the potential for P recovery from human urine and water savings from reduced flushing in CI buildings, and proposed an approach to identify building types and community layouts that are amenable to implementing urine diversion. The results showed that urine diversion is most advantageous in CI buildings with either high daily occupancy counts or times, such as hospitals, schools, office buildings, and airports. Per occupant P recovery benchmarks were estimated to be between 0.04-0.68 g/cap·d. Per building P recovery rates were estimated to be between 0.002-5.1 kg/d, and per building water savings were estimated to be between 3 and 23 % by volume. Recovered P in the form of phosphate fertilizer and potable water savings could accrue profits and cost reductions that could offset the capital costs of new urine diversion systems within 5 y of operation. Finally, urine diversion systems can be implemented at different levels of decentralization based on community layout and organizational structure, which will require socioeconomic and policy acceptance for wider adoption.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Crane
- School of Sustainable Engineering and the Built Environment (SSEBE), Arizona State University, PO Box 873005, Tempe, AZ 85287-3005, USA
- NSF Science and Technologies for Phosphorus Sustainability (STEPS) Center, USA
| | - Ashton Merck
- Department of Applied Ecology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh NC 27606, USA
- NSF Science and Technologies for Phosphorus Sustainability (STEPS) Center, USA
| | - Shwetha Delanthamajalu
- Department of Sociology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, USA
- NSF Science and Technologies for Phosphorus Sustainability (STEPS) Center, USA
| | - Khara Grieger
- Department of Applied Ecology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh NC 27606, USA
- NSF Science and Technologies for Phosphorus Sustainability (STEPS) Center, USA
| | - Anna-Maria Marshall
- Department of Sociology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, USA
- NSF Science and Technologies for Phosphorus Sustainability (STEPS) Center, USA
| | - Treavor H. Boyer
- School of Sustainable Engineering and the Built Environment (SSEBE), Arizona State University, PO Box 873005, Tempe, AZ 85287-3005, USA
- NSF Science and Technologies for Phosphorus Sustainability (STEPS) Center, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Hui WF, Chan VPY, Cheung WL, Ku SW, Hon KL. The impact of tubular dysfunction and its relationship with acute kidney injury in children. Pediatr Nephrol 2024; 39:1617-1626. [PMID: 37994979 DOI: 10.1007/s00467-023-06220-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tubular dysfunction can cause electrolyte disturbances with potentially serious consequences. We studied the epidemiology and outcomes of electrolyte disturbances and tubular dysfunction among critically ill children and evaluated their relationships with acute kidney injury (AKI). METHODS We conducted a prospective cohort study recruiting children aged 1 month to ≤ 18 years old admitted to the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) from 6/2020 to 6/2021. The serum levels of sodium, potassium, calcium, phosphate, and magnesium were reviewed and simultaneous urinary investigations for tubular function were performed among children with electrolyte disturbances. RESULTS Altogether there were 253 episodes of admission. The median (interquartile) age was 4.9 (1.3-11.0) years and 58.1% were male. The median number of electrolyte disorders was 3 (2-4) types. Hypophosphatemia (74.2%), hypocalcemia (70.3%) and hypermagnesemia (52.9%) were the three commonest types of disturbances. Urinary electrolyte wasting was commonly observed among children with hypomagnesemia (70.6%), hypophosphatemia (67.4%) and hypokalemia (28.6%). Tubular dysfunction was detected in 82.6% of patients and urinary β2-microglobulin level significantly correlated with the severity of tubular dysfunction (p < 0.001). The development of tubular dysfunction was independent of AKI status. Tubular dysfunction was associated with mortality (p < 0.001) and was an independent predictor of PICU length of stay (LOS) (p < 0.001). The incorporation of the tubular dysfunction severity into the AKI staging system improved the prediction of PICU LOS. CONCLUSIONS Tubular dysfunction was associated with both morbidity and mortality in critically ill children and its assessment may help to capture a more comprehensive picture of acute kidney insult.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wun Fung Hui
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Doctor's Office, Hong Kong Children's Hospital, 9/F, Tower B, 1 Shing Cheong Road, Kowloon Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong.
| | | | - Wing Lum Cheung
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Doctor's Office, Hong Kong Children's Hospital, 9/F, Tower B, 1 Shing Cheong Road, Kowloon Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Shu Wing Ku
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Doctor's Office, Hong Kong Children's Hospital, 9/F, Tower B, 1 Shing Cheong Road, Kowloon Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Kam Lun Hon
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Doctor's Office, Hong Kong Children's Hospital, 9/F, Tower B, 1 Shing Cheong Road, Kowloon Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Stem AD, Brindley S, Rogers KL, Salih A, Roncal-Jimenez CA, Johnson RJ, Newman LS, Butler-Dawson J, Krisher L, Brown JM. Exposome and Metabolome Analysis of Sugarcane Workers Reveals Predictors of Kidney Injury. Kidney Int Rep 2024; 9:1458-1472. [PMID: 38707825 PMCID: PMC11069010 DOI: 10.1016/j.ekir.2024.01.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Sugarcane workers are exposed to potentially hazardous agrochemicals, including pesticides, heavy metals, and silica. Such occupational exposures present health risks and have been implicated in a high rate of kidney disease seen in these workers. Methods To investigate potential biomarkers and mechanisms that could explain chronic kidney disease (CKD) among this worker population, paired urine samples were collected from sugarcane cutters at the beginning and end of a harvest season in Guatemala. Workers were then separated into 2 groups, namely those with or without kidney function decline (KFD) across the harvest season. Urine samples from these 2 groups underwent elemental analysis and untargeted metabolomics. Results Urine profiles demonstrated increases in silicon, certain pesticides, and phosphorus levels in all workers, whereas heavy metals remained low. The KFD group had a reduction in estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) across the harvest season; however, kidney injury marker 1 did not significantly change. Cross-harvest metabolomic analysis found trends of fatty acid accumulation, perturbed amino acid metabolism, presence of pesticides, and other known signs of impaired kidney function. Conclusion Silica and certain pesticides were significantly elevated in the urine of sugarcane workers with or without KFD. Future work should determine whether long-term occupational exposure to silica and pesticides across multiple seasons contributes to CKD in these workers. Overall, these results confirmed that multiple exposures are occurring in sugarcane workers and may provide insight into early warning signs of kidney injury and may help explain the increased incidence of CKD among agricultural workers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arthur D Stem
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Stephen Brindley
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Keegan L Rogers
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Adil Salih
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Carlos A Roncal-Jimenez
- Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Richard J Johnson
- Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Lee S Newman
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Jaime Butler-Dawson
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Lyndsay Krisher
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Jared M Brown
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Escobedo-Monge MF, Marcos-Temprano M, Parodi-Román J, Escobedo-Monge MA, Alonso-Vicente C, Torres-Hinojal MC, Marugán-Miguelsanz JM. Calcium, Phosphorus, and Vitamin D Levels in a Series of Cystic Fibrosis Patients: A Cross-Sectional Study. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1900. [PMID: 38339178 PMCID: PMC10856093 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25031900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 01/27/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a monogenic disease with different types of mutations that mainly affect the respiratory-digestive system. Calcium (Ca), phosphorus (P), and vitamin D (Vit-D) are essential nutrients for maintaining adequate growth and development, as well as key components in crucial metabolic pathways. Proper diagnosis, treatment, and response are decisive components of precision medicine. Therefore, we conducted a cross-sectional study to evaluate Ca, P, and Vit-D levels along with health and nutritional indicators, regarding their non-skeletal functions, in a series of CF patients. Anthropometric and clinical evaluation, biochemical analysis, dietary survey, and respiratory and pancreatic status were performed. Even though the results showed that all patients had normal dietary and serum Ca levels, 47% of patients had deficient Vit-D intake, 53% of patients had hypovitaminosis D, 35% had insufficient Vit-D levels, 18% had hypophosphatemia, 76% had elevated alkaline phosphate levels, 29% had hypercalciuria, and 65% had hyperphosphaturia. There were no significant differences between homozygous and compound heterozygous patients. Ca, P, and Vit-D levels were associated with body mass index; body composition; physical activity; diet; growth hormones; and the immune, liver, and kidney systems. We suggest a periodically evaluation of Ca and P losses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Marianela Marcos-Temprano
- Castilla y León Cystic Fibrosis Unit, University Clinical Hospital of Valladolid, Avenida Ramón y Cajal, 3, 47005 Valladolid, Spain;
| | - Joaquín Parodi-Román
- Science Faculty, University of Cadiz, Paseo de Carlos III, 28, 11003 Cádiz, Spain;
| | | | - Carmen Alonso-Vicente
- Department of Pediatrics of the Faculty of Medicine, University of Valladolid; Section of Gastroenterology and Pediatric Nutrition, University Clinical Hospital of Valladolid, Avenida Ramón y Cajal, 7, 47005 Valladolid, Spain; (C.A.-V.); (J.M.M.-M.)
| | | | - José Manuel Marugán-Miguelsanz
- Department of Pediatrics of the Faculty of Medicine, University of Valladolid; Section of Gastroenterology and Pediatric Nutrition, University Clinical Hospital of Valladolid, Avenida Ramón y Cajal, 7, 47005 Valladolid, Spain; (C.A.-V.); (J.M.M.-M.)
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Alsabri M, Street H, Sircy A, Labib B. Misdiagnosed metabolic bone abnormality: a case report. J Med Case Rep 2023; 17:436. [PMID: 37858137 PMCID: PMC10588102 DOI: 10.1186/s13256-023-04164-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metabolic bone disease causes significant morbidity and mortality, especially when misdiagnosed. With genetic testing, multiple disease pathologies can be analyzed. CASE PRESENTATION A 5-year and 9-month-old otherwise healthy Yemeni girl presented to her Yemen physician for evaluation of inward bending of her right knee and short stature. After extensive medical testing, she was given a diagnosis of hypophosphatemic rickets and growth hormone deficiency and started on treatment. Despite appropriate treatment, however, her condition continued to progress, prompting her family to pursue additional workup including genetic testing outside of Yemen. Genetic testing ultimately revealed a variation of unknown significance associated with amelogenesis imperfecta. CONCLUSIONS Hypophosphatemic rickets secondary to renal tubular acidosis was the working diagnosis. However, the patient's condition did not improve. Further genetic testing revealed a variation of unknown significance associated with amelogenesis imperfecta. We aim to present this case, provide an overview of the causes, and diagnostic metabolic bone health evaluation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Alsabri
- Pediatrics, 1 Brookdale University Hospital and Medical Center, 1Brookdale Plaza, Brooklyn, NY, 11212, USA.
- Emergency Medicine Department, Al Thawra Modern General Hospital (TMGH), Sana'a City, Yemen.
- College of Osteopathic Medicine, NYIT, Glen Head, NY, USA.
| | - Hannah Street
- NYU Langone Medical Center, 550 1st Avenue, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Aaron Sircy
- CMEF Aultman Hospital, 2600 6th st. SW, Canton, OH, 44710, USA
| | - Bahaaeldin Labib
- Rutgers-Robert Wood Johnson University Hospital, 200 Somerset Street, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901, USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Nain P, Nayak N, Maj MC, Singh RK, Kaur J, Jeong Y, Maity S, Nath R, Hilgers RH, Nauhria S, Nauhria S. Efficacy of Lanthanum Carbonate and Sevelamer Carbonate as Phosphate Binders in Chronic Kidney Disease-A Comparative Clinical Study. PHARMACY 2023; 11:pharmacy11010027. [PMID: 36827665 PMCID: PMC9960578 DOI: 10.3390/pharmacy11010027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Hyperphosphatemia is correlated with an increased rate of mortality and morbidity due to cardiovascular diseases in chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients. It can be improved by restricting dietary intake of phosphate and oral phosphate binders, such as lanthanum carbonate and sevelamer carbonate. (2) Objective: To evaluate the clinical efficacy of sevelamer carbonate in comparison to lanthanum carbonate as phosphate binders for the treatment of hyperphosphatemia in CKD patients. (3) Methods: A randomized control comparative clinical study was conducted for one year on 150 CKD patients associated with hyperphosphatemia, divided into two groups, i.e., Group 1 (n = 75) treated with sevelamer carbonate 800 mg thrice daily and Group 2 (n = 75) treated with lanthanum carbonate 500 mg thrice daily. The patients were assessed at the time of enrollment in the study, after three months and after six months from baseline for different parameters, i.e., complete blood count, liver function tests, renal function tests, electrolytes, and serum phosphate level. (4) Results: 150 CKD patients aged 51-60 participated in the study. The mean age of patients was 54 ± 4.6 years, and males (55.71%) were more common than females (44.29%). Hypertension was the common comorbidity in both groups with chronic kidney disease. After six months of treatment, the mean serum phosphate level was significantly decreased from 8.31 ± 0.09 mg/dL to 5.11 ± 0.18 (38%) in Group 1 and from 8.79 ± 0.28 mg/dl to 4.02 ± 0.12 (54%; p < 0.05) in Group 2, respectively. In both groups, no significant difference was found in other parameters such as parathyroid hormone, calcium, uric acid, LFT, RFT, CBC, etc. (5) Conclusion: Lanthanum carbonate is more efficacious in lowering serum phosphate concentrations and effectively managing hyperphosphatemia as compared to sevelamer carbonate.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Parminder Nain
- CT Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jalandhar 144020, Punjab, India
| | - Narendra Nayak
- Department of Microbiology, St. Matthew’s University School of Medicine, Georgetown P.O. Box 30992, Cayman Islands
| | - Mary C. Maj
- Department of Biochemistry, St. George’s University School of Medicine, St. George’s, Grenada
| | - Rohit Kumar Singh
- MM College of Pharmacy, Maharishi Markandeshwar University, Ambala 133207, Haryana, India
| | - Jaspreet Kaur
- CT Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jalandhar 144020, Punjab, India
| | - Yujin Jeong
- Medical Student Research Institute, Department of Clinical Medicine, American University of Antigua, St. John’s, Antigua and Barbuda
| | - Sabyasachi Maity
- Department of Physiology, Neuroscience and Behavioral Sciences, St. George’s University School of Medicine, St. George’s, Grenada
| | - Reetuparna Nath
- Department of Education Service, St. George’s University, St. George’s, Grenada
| | - Robert H. Hilgers
- Department of Pharmacology, St. Matthew’s University School of Medicine, Georgetown P.O. Box 30992, Cayman Islands
| | - Shreya Nauhria
- Department of Psychology, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK
| | - Samal Nauhria
- Department of Pathology, St. Matthew’s University School of Medicine, Georgetown P.O. Box 30992, Cayman Islands
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Sprigg C, Whitfield H, Burton E, Scholey D, Bedford MR, Brearley CA. Phytase dose-dependent response of kidney inositol phosphate levels in poultry. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0275742. [PMID: 36260560 PMCID: PMC9581429 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0275742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Phytases, enzymes that degrade phytate present in feedstuffs, are widely added to the diets of monogastric animals. Many studies have correlated phytase addition with improved animal productivity and a subset of these have sought to correlate animal performance with phytase-mediated generation of inositol phosphates in different parts of the gastro-intestinal tract or with release of inositol or of phosphate, the absorbable products of phytate degradation. Remarkably, the effect of dietary phytase on tissue inositol phosphates has not been studied. The objective of this study was to determine effect of phytase supplementation on liver and kidney myo-inositol and myo-inositol phosphates in broiler chickens. For this, methods were developed to measure inositol phosphates in chicken tissues. The study comprised wheat/soy-based diets containing one of three levels of phytase (0, 500 and 6,000 FTU/kg of modified E. coli 6-phytase). Diets were provided to broilers for 21 D and on day 21 digesta were collected from the gizzard and ileum. Liver and kidney tissue were harvested. Myo-inositol and inositol phosphates were measured in diet, digesta, liver and kidney. Gizzard and ileal content inositol was increased progressively, and total inositol phosphates reduced progressively, by phytase supplementation. The predominant higher inositol phosphates detected in tissues, D-and/or L-Ins(3,4,5,6)P4 and Ins(1,3,4,5,6)P5, differed from those (D-and/or L-Ins(1,2,3,4)P4, D-and/or L-Ins(1,2,5,6)P4, Ins(1,2,3,4,6)P5, D-and/or L-Ins(1,2,3,4,5)P5 and D-and/or L-Ins(1,2,4,5,6)P5) generated from phytate (InsP6) degradation by E. coli 6-phytase or endogenous feed phytase, suggesting tissue inositol phosphates are not the result of direct absorption. Kidney inositol phosphates were reduced progressively by phytase supplementation. These data suggest that tissue inositol phosphate concentrations can be influenced by dietary phytase inclusion rate and that such effects are tissue specific, though the consequences for physiology of such changes have yet to be elucidated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Colleen Sprigg
- School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Hayley Whitfield
- School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Emily Burton
- School of Animal, Rural and Environmental Sciences, Nottingham Trent University, Southwell, United Kingdom
| | - Dawn Scholey
- School of Animal, Rural and Environmental Sciences, Nottingham Trent University, Southwell, United Kingdom
| | | | - Charles A. Brearley
- School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Bollenbecker S, Czaya B, Gutiérrez OM, Krick S. Lung-kidney interactions and their role in chronic kidney disease-associated pulmonary diseases. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2022; 322:L625-L640. [PMID: 35272496 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00152.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Revised: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic illnesses rarely present in a vacuum, devoid of other complications, and chronic kidney disease is hardly an exception. Comorbidities associated with chronic kidney disease lead to faster disease progression, expedited dialysis dependency, and a higher mortality rate. Although chronic kidney disease is most commonly accompanied by cardiovascular diseases and diabetes, there is clear cross talk between the lungs and kidneys pH balance, phosphate metabolism, and immune system regulation. Our present understanding of the exact underlying mechanisms that contribute to chronic kidney disease-related pulmonary disease is poor. This review summarizes the current research on kidney-pulmonary interorgan cross talk in the context of chronic kidney disease, highlighting various acute and chronic pulmonary diseases that lead to further complications in patient care. Treatment options for patients presenting with chronic kidney disease and lung disease are explored by assessing activated molecular pathways and the body's compensatory response mechanisms following homeostatic imbalance. Understanding the link between the lungs and kidneys will potentially improve health outcomes for patients and guide healthcare professionals to better understand how and when to treat each of the pulmonary comorbidities that can present with chronic kidney disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Seth Bollenbecker
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Brian Czaya
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Orlando M Gutiérrez
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Stefanie Krick
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
- Gregory Fleming James Cystic Fibrosis Research Center, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Vitamin D and Phosphate Interactions in Health and Disease. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2022; 1362:37-46. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-91623-7_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|
10
|
Zhang JY, Niu C, Zhang Q, Wang MJ, Ni L, Liu JF, Rong XY, Zhao C, Chen J. Full-Scale Clinical Data and Reshaped Intestinal Microbiome on a Short-Term Low-Phosphorus Diet among Healthy Adults. J Ren Nutr 2021; 31:448-458. [PMID: 33642191 DOI: 10.1053/j.jrn.2020.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2020] [Revised: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
|
11
|
Yu P, Knippel A, Onidi M, Paoletti A, Vigna E, Hellmann J, Esdar C. A novel monovalent FGFR1 antagonist: Preclinical safety profiles in rodents and non-human primates. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2020; 406:115215. [DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2020.115215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Revised: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
|
12
|
A High Phosphorus Diet Impairs Testicular Function and Spermatogenesis in Male Mice with Chronic Kidney Disease. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12092624. [PMID: 32872125 PMCID: PMC7551469 DOI: 10.3390/nu12092624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Revised: 08/23/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Hyperphosphatemia is a serious complication in chronic kidney disease (CKD) that occurs due to insufficient excretion of phosphorus during failure of renal function. Both CKD and an excessive phosphorus intake have been reported to increase oxidative stress and result in poor male fertility, but little is known about the reproductive function of the CKD under a poorly controlled phosphate intake. Eight-week-old C57BL/6 mice (n = 66) were randomly divided into four groups: a sham operation group received a chow diet as control (SC group, n = 14), CKD-induced mice received a chow diet (CKDC group, n = 16), control mice received a high phosphorus (HP) diet (SP group, n = 16), and CKD-induced mice received a HP diet (CKDP group, n = 20). CKD was induced by performing a 5/6 nephrectomy. The chow diet contained 0.6% phosphorus, while the HP diet contained 2% phosphorus. Impaired testicular function and semen quality found in the CKD model may result from increased oxidative stress, causing apoptosis and inflammation. The HP diet aggravated the negative effects of testicular damage in the CKD-induced mice.
Collapse
|
13
|
Gasu V, Ashong M, Seferi A, Fitzpatrick A. Effectiveness of phosphate binders in adult patients with end stage renal disease receiving hemodialysis: a systematic review. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 17:49-73. [PMID: 30204711 DOI: 10.11124/jbisrir-2017-003740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The objective of the review was to evaluate the effectiveness of the use of phosphate binders on mortality and serum levels of phosphorus, calcium and parathyroid hormone in adult patients with end stage renal disease receiving hemodialysis compared to hemodialysis with no phosphate binder use. INTRODUCTION End stage renal disease leading to hemodialysis is a common global health issue. Effective management of this population is focused on balancing alterations in bone mineral markers such as phosphorus, calcium and parathyroid hormone. Chronic imbalances are associated with all-cause mortality. Phosphate binders are a crucial element to regulating these levels. INCLUSION CRITERIA The review considered studies including adult patients, age 18 and over, receiving hemodialysis. The intervention of interest was the use of any drug within the class of phosphate binders. Outcomes of interest were all-cause mortality and serum levels of phosphorus, calcium and parathyroid hormone. Experimental and quasi-experimental study designs were considered. METHODS A search for relevant published and unpublished literature was conducted through November 5, 2017. Databases searched included PubMed, CINAHL, Embase and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), in addition to gray literature sources. Articles that met the inclusion criteria were further assessed for methodological validity by two independent reviewers using the standard critical appraisal instruments from Joanna Briggs Institute. Data were extracted from papers included in the review using the standardized data extraction tool from the Joanna Briggs Institute. Quantitative data were pooled for statistical meta-analysis to evaluate the impact of phosphate binders on phosphorus and calcium. RESULTS Seven studies were included in this review. A meta-analysis of four studies showed that the use of phosphate binders resulted in a statistically significant decrease in phosphorus levels compared to placebo (mean difference -1.89 mg/dL, 95% confidence interval -2.03 mg/dL, -1.75 mg/dL); three additional studies described narratively also showed a statistically significant decrease in phosphorus. A meta-analysis of three studies showed a statistically significant increase in calcium compared to placebo (mean difference 0.57 mg/dL, 95% confidence interval 0.50 mg/dL, 0.64 mg/dL); two additional studies described narratively showed no difference in effect on calcium. Of the three studies that measured parathyroid hormone, one showed a statistically significant improvement with the use of phosphate binders (mean difference -83.0 pg/mL, 95% confidence interval -154.63 pg/mL, -11.37 pg/mL) and two showed no difference in effect. No studies measured mortality. CONCLUSION Phosphate binders are effective in reducing serum phosphorus. The findings on parathyroid hormone and calcium did not provide adequate support for phosphate binder use. The impact on mortality was not directly measured in any of the included studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vivian Gasu
- College of Health Professions, Pace University, New York, USA.,The Northeast Institute for Evidence Synthesis and Translation (NEST): a Joanna Briggs Institute Center of Excellence
| | - Mary Ashong
- College of Health Professions, Pace University, New York, USA.,The Northeast Institute for Evidence Synthesis and Translation (NEST): a Joanna Briggs Institute Center of Excellence
| | - Arta Seferi
- College of Health Professions, Pace University, New York, USA.,The Northeast Institute for Evidence Synthesis and Translation (NEST): a Joanna Briggs Institute Center of Excellence
| | - Aileen Fitzpatrick
- College of Health Professions, Pace University, New York, USA.,The Northeast Institute for Evidence Synthesis and Translation (NEST): a Joanna Briggs Institute Center of Excellence
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
The kinetics of inorganic phosphate excretion in the acidotic rabbit during intravenous phosphate loading: a pseudo-ruminant model. Sci Rep 2020; 10:3988. [PMID: 32132645 PMCID: PMC7055221 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-61069-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The rabbit is a much-used experimental animal in renal tubule physiology studies. Although a monogastric mammal, the rabbit is a known hindgut fermenter. That ruminant species excrete inorganic phosphate (Pi) mainly through the digestive system while non-ruminants eliminate surplus phosphate primarily through the renal system are acknowledged facts. To understand phosphate homeostasis in the acidotic rabbit, anaesthetized animals were infused with hydrochloric acid, after which they underwent intravenous phosphate loading. Biofluids were collected during the infusion process for analysis. Plasma Pi increased (7.9 ± 1.7 mmoles.Litre−1 (N = 5) vs 2.2 ± 0.4 mmoles.Litre−1 (N = 10) pre-infusion, (p < 0.001)), while urinary phosphate excretion was also enhanced (74.4 ± 15.3 from a control value of 4.7 ± 3 µmol.min−1 (N = 9), pre-infusion, p < 0.001)) over an 82.5 minute Pi loading period. However, the fractional excretion of Pi (FePi) only increased from 14.2 ± 5.4% to a maximum of 61.7 ± 19% (N = 5) over the infusion period. Furthermore, the renal tubular maximum reabsorption rate of phosphate to glomerular filtration rate (TmPi/GFR) computed to 3.5 mmol.L−1, while a reading of 23.2 µmol.min−1.Kg.0.75 was obtained for the transport maximum for Pi (TmPi). The high reabsorptivity of the rabbit nephrons coupled with possibly a high secretory capacity of the salivary glands for Pi, may constitute a unique physiological mechanism that ensures the rabbit hindgut receives adequate phosphate to regulate caecal pH in favour of the resident metabolically - active microbiota. The handling of Pi by the rabbit is in keeping with the description of this animal as a monogastric, pseudo-ruminant herbivore.
Collapse
|
15
|
Sankannavar R, Chaudhari S. An imperative approach for fluorosis mitigation: Amending aqueous calcium to suppress hydroxyapatite dissolution in defluoridation. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2019; 245:230-237. [PMID: 31154169 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2019.05.088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2017] [Revised: 01/11/2019] [Accepted: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Drinking of fluoride (F-) contaminated water causes fluorosis and thus providing safe drinking water to the affected community remains a major challenge. Therefore, defluoridation without disturbing water quality is imperative. Hydroxyapatite (HAP) is proved to have a potential application for defluoridation; however, its dissolution during defluoridation is a concern for its implementation. Experiments conducted by suspending HAP in F- solution and deionized water without F- show that former had high residual pH and PO43- than the latter with Ca2+ being absent in the former. This indicates that Ca2+ had participated in defluoridation and promoted HAP dissolution when Ca2+ was unavailable. Hence, HAP dissolution seems to be a governing step for defluoridation. However, higher residual PO43- and pH affect drinking water quality, and its usage may pose additional health problems. Thus, Ca2+ deficient defluoridated water is unfit for drinking unless it is treated further. Hence, the present work proposes a novel method to overcome HAP dissolution by amending aqueous Ca2+ to F- water. The results show that amending Ca2+ efficiently prevents HAP dissolution and enhances defluoridation capacity as an added feature. Furthermore, speciation using MINEQL+ and FTIR of fluoride-calcium treated HAPs suggest the possibility of defluoridation by aqueous CaF+ adsorption onto HAP besides F- ion exchange with OH-.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ravi Sankannavar
- Centre for Environmental Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai, 400 076, India; Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai, 400 076, India.
| | - Sanjeev Chaudhari
- Centre for Environmental Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai, 400 076, India
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Ide N, Ye R, Courbebaisse M, Olauson H, Densmore MJ, Larsson TE, Hanai JI, Lanske B. In vivo evidence for an interplay of FGF23/Klotho/PTH axis on the phosphate handling in renal proximal tubules. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2018; 315:F1261-F1270. [PMID: 29993278 PMCID: PMC6293295 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00650.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2018] [Revised: 07/03/2018] [Accepted: 07/10/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Phosphate homeostasis is primarily maintained in the renal proximal tubules, where the expression of sodium/phosphate cotransporters (Npt2a and Npt2c) is modified by the endocrine actions of both fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) and parathyroid hormone (PTH). However, the specific contribution of each regulatory pathway in the proximal tubules has not been fully elucidated in vivo. We have previously demonstrated that proximal tubule-specific deletion of the FGF23 coreceptor Klotho results in mild hyperphosphatemia with little to no change in serum levels of FGF23, 1,25(OH)2D3, and PTH. In the present study, we characterized mice in which the PTH receptor PTH1R was specifically deleted from the proximal tubules, either alone or in combination with Klotho ( PT-PTH1R-/- and PT-PTH1R/KL-/-, respectively). PT-PTH1R-/- mice showed significant increases in serum FGF23 and PTH levels, whereas serum phosphate levels were maintained in the normal range, and Npt2a and Npt2c expression in brush border membrane (BBM) did not change compared with control mice. In contrast, PT-PTH1R/KL-/- mice displayed hyperphosphatemia and an increased abundance of Npt2a and Npt2c in the renal BBM, along with increased circulating FGF23 levels. While serum calcium was normal, 1,25(OH)2D3 levels were significantly decreased, leading to extremely high levels of PTH. Collectively, mice with a deletion of PTH1R alone in proximal tubules results in only minor changes in phosphate regulation, whereas deletion of both PTH1R and Klotho leads to a severe disturbance, including hyperphosphatemia with increased sodium/phosphate cotransporter expression in BBM. These results suggest an important interplay between the PTH/PTH1R and FGF23/Klotho pathways to affect renal phosphate handling in the proximal tubules.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Animals
- Calcitriol/blood
- Calcium/blood
- Cells, Cultured
- Fibroblast Growth Factor-23
- Fibroblast Growth Factors/blood
- Genetic Predisposition to Disease
- Glucuronidase/deficiency
- Glucuronidase/genetics
- Glucuronidase/metabolism
- Hyperphosphatemia/blood
- Hyperphosphatemia/genetics
- Hyperphosphatemia/physiopathology
- Kidney Tubules, Proximal/metabolism
- Kidney Tubules, Proximal/physiopathology
- Klotho Proteins
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Parathyroid Hormone/blood
- Phenotype
- Phosphates/blood
- Receptor, Parathyroid Hormone, Type 1/deficiency
- Receptor, Parathyroid Hormone, Type 1/genetics
- Renal Reabsorption
- Sodium-Phosphate Cotransporter Proteins, Type IIa/metabolism
- Sodium-Phosphate Cotransporter Proteins, Type IIc/metabolism
- Up-Regulation
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Noriko Ide
- Division of Bone and Mineral Research, Department of Oral Medicine, Infection, and Immunity, Harvard School of Dental Medicine , Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Rui Ye
- Division of Bone and Mineral Research, Department of Oral Medicine, Infection, and Immunity, Harvard School of Dental Medicine , Boston, Massachusetts
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Disease, Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University , Chengdu , China
| | - Marie Courbebaisse
- Division of Bone and Mineral Research, Department of Oral Medicine, Infection, and Immunity, Harvard School of Dental Medicine , Boston, Massachusetts
- Paris Descartes University , Paris , France
| | - Hannes Olauson
- Division of Renal Medicine, Department of Clinical Science, Intervention, and Technology, Karolinska Institutet , Stockholm , Sweden
| | - Michael J Densmore
- Division of Bone and Mineral Research, Department of Oral Medicine, Infection, and Immunity, Harvard School of Dental Medicine , Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Tobias E Larsson
- Division of Renal Medicine, Department of Clinical Science, Intervention, and Technology, Karolinska Institutet , Stockholm , Sweden
| | - Jun-Ichi Hanai
- Division of Nephrology, Division of Interdisciplinary Medicine and Biotechnology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School , Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Beate Lanske
- Division of Bone and Mineral Research, Department of Oral Medicine, Infection, and Immunity, Harvard School of Dental Medicine , Boston, Massachusetts
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Arroyo-Currás N, Ortega G, Copp DA, Ploense KL, Plaxco ZA, Kippin TE, Hespanha JP, Plaxco KW. High-Precision Control of Plasma Drug Levels Using Feedback-Controlled Dosing. ACS Pharmacol Transl Sci 2018; 1:110-118. [PMID: 32219207 PMCID: PMC7088981 DOI: 10.1021/acsptsci.8b00033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
By, in effect, rendering pharmacokinetics an experimentally adjustable parameter, the ability to perform feedback-controlled dosing informed by high-frequency in vivo drug measurements would prove a powerful tool for both pharmacological research and clinical practice. Efforts to this end, however, have historically been thwarted by an inability to measure in vivo drug levels in real time and with sufficient convenience and temporal resolution. In response, we describe a closed-loop, feedback-controlled delivery system that uses drug level measurements provided by an in vivo electrochemical aptamer-based (E-AB) sensor to adjust dosing rates every 7 s. The resulting system supports the maintenance of either constant or predefined time-varying plasma drug concentration profiles in live rats over many hours. For researchers, the resultant high-precision control over drug plasma concentrations provides an unprecedented opportunity to (1) map the relationships between pharmacokinetics and clinical outcomes, (2) eliminate inter- and intrasubject metabolic variation as a confounding experimental variable, (3) accurately simulate human pharmacokinetics in animal models, and (4) measure minute-to-minute changes in a drug's pharmacokinetic behavior in response to changing health status, diet, drug-drug interactions, or other intrinsic and external factors. In the clinic, feedback-controlled drug delivery would improve our ability to accurately maintain therapeutic drug levels in the face of large, often unpredictable intra- and interpatient metabolic variation. This, in turn, would improve the efficacy and safety of therapeutic intervention, particularly for the most gravely ill patients, for whom metabolic variability is highest and the margin for therapeutic error is smallest.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Netzahualcóyotl Arroyo-Currás
- Department
of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, United States,E-mail: . Tel.: (410) 955-3569
| | - Gabriel Ortega
- ‡Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, §Center for Bioengineering, ⊥Center for Control,
Dynamical Systems, and Computation, #Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, and ∇The Neuroscience
Research Institute and Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental
Biology, University of California Santa
Barbara, Santa
Barbara, California 93106, United States,CIC
bioGUNE, Bizkaia Technology Park, Ed. 801A, 48160, Derio, Spain
| | - David A. Copp
- ‡Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, §Center for Bioengineering, ⊥Center for Control,
Dynamical Systems, and Computation, #Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, and ∇The Neuroscience
Research Institute and Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental
Biology, University of California Santa
Barbara, Santa
Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Kyle L. Ploense
- ‡Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, §Center for Bioengineering, ⊥Center for Control,
Dynamical Systems, and Computation, #Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, and ∇The Neuroscience
Research Institute and Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental
Biology, University of California Santa
Barbara, Santa
Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Zoe A. Plaxco
- ‡Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, §Center for Bioengineering, ⊥Center for Control,
Dynamical Systems, and Computation, #Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, and ∇The Neuroscience
Research Institute and Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental
Biology, University of California Santa
Barbara, Santa
Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Tod E. Kippin
- ‡Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, §Center for Bioengineering, ⊥Center for Control,
Dynamical Systems, and Computation, #Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, and ∇The Neuroscience
Research Institute and Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental
Biology, University of California Santa
Barbara, Santa
Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - João P. Hespanha
- ‡Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, §Center for Bioengineering, ⊥Center for Control,
Dynamical Systems, and Computation, #Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, and ∇The Neuroscience
Research Institute and Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental
Biology, University of California Santa
Barbara, Santa
Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Kevin W. Plaxco
- ‡Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, §Center for Bioengineering, ⊥Center for Control,
Dynamical Systems, and Computation, #Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, and ∇The Neuroscience
Research Institute and Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental
Biology, University of California Santa
Barbara, Santa
Barbara, California 93106, United States,E-mail: . Tel.: (805) 893-5558
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Day AL, Morgan SL, Saag KG. Hypophosphatemia in the setting of metabolic bone disease: case reports and diagnostic algorithm. Ther Adv Musculoskelet Dis 2018; 10:151-156. [PMID: 30023010 DOI: 10.1177/1759720x18779761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2017] [Accepted: 05/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoporosis is the most commonly encountered metabolic bone disease, and metabolic bone-disease clinics have been established to assist in the diagnosis and treatment of uncommon causes of low bone-mineral density. Hypophosphatemia leading to metabolic bone disease may be encountered, and an understanding of phosphate homeostasis can aid in the diagnosis. Two cases of hypophosphatemia leading to low bone-mineral densities were seen at the University of Alabama at Birmingham Osteoporosis Clinic. We developed a diagnostic algorithm, and the laboratory values of each patient were tested with the algorithm. The algorithm, incorporating the use of a spot urine phosphate and spot urine creatinine level at the time of initial serum metabolic profile evaluation, accurately determined the cause of hypophosphatemia in each case.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alvin Lee Day
- University of Alabama at Birmingham, Division of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, 1720 2nd Avenue South, FOT 839, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Sarah L Morgan
- University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Kenneth G Saag
- University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Just F, Oster M, Büsing K, Borgelt L, Murani E, Ponsuksili S, Wolf P, Wimmers K. Lowered dietary phosphorus affects intestinal and renal gene expression to maintain mineral homeostasis with immunomodulatory implications in weaned piglets. BMC Genomics 2018; 19:207. [PMID: 29554878 PMCID: PMC5859397 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-018-4584-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2017] [Accepted: 03/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In monogastric animals, phosphorus (P) homeostasis is maintained by regulating intestinal absorption, bone mobilization, and renal excretion. Since P is a non-renewable resource, a shortage is imminent due to widespread over-usage in the farming and animal husbandry industries. As a consequence, P efficiency should be improved in pig production. We sought to characterize the transcriptional response in re-/absorbing and excreting tissues in pigs to diets varying in calcium: phosphorus ratios. Weaned piglets were assigned to one of three groups fed diets varying in digestible P content for a period of five weeks. Gene expression profiles were analyzed in jejunum, colon, and kidney. RESULTS Transcriptome analysis revealed that reduced dietary P intake affects gene expression in jejunum and kidney, but not in colon. The regulation of mineral homeostasis was reflected via altered mRNA abundances of CYP24A1, CYP27A1, TRPM6, SPP1, and VDR in jejunum and kidney. Moreover, lowered abundances of transcripts associated with the classical complement system pathway were observed in the jejunum. In kidney, shifted transcripts were involved in phospholipase C, calcium signaling, and NFAT signaling, which may have immunomodulatory implications. CONCLUSIONS Our results revealed local transcriptional consequences of variable P intake in intestinal and renal tissues. The adaptive responses are the result of organismal efforts to maintain systemic mineral homeostasis while modulating immune features at local tissue sites. Therefore, the deviation from the currently recommended dietary P supply must be carefully considered, as the endogenous mechanisms that respond to low P diets may impact important adaptive immune responses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Franziska Just
- Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Institute for Genome Biology, Wilhelm-Stahl-Allee 2, 18196, Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Michael Oster
- Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Institute for Genome Biology, Wilhelm-Stahl-Allee 2, 18196, Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Kirsten Büsing
- Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University Rostock, 18059, Rostock, Germany
| | - Luisa Borgelt
- Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University Rostock, 18059, Rostock, Germany
| | - Eduard Murani
- Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Institute for Genome Biology, Wilhelm-Stahl-Allee 2, 18196, Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Siriluck Ponsuksili
- Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Institute for Genome Biology, Wilhelm-Stahl-Allee 2, 18196, Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Petra Wolf
- Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University Rostock, 18059, Rostock, Germany
| | - Klaus Wimmers
- Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Institute for Genome Biology, Wilhelm-Stahl-Allee 2, 18196, Dummerstorf, Germany. .,Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University Rostock, 18059, Rostock, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Fuentes-Delgado VH, Martínez-Saldaña MC, Rodríguez-Vázquez ML, Reyes-Romero MA, Reyes-Sánchez JL, Jaramillo-Juárez F. Renal damage induced by the pesticide methyl parathion in male Wistar rats. JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART A 2018; 81:130-141. [PMID: 29319433 DOI: 10.1080/15287394.2017.1394948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Little information is apparently available regarding the nephrotoxic effects induced by pesticides. The aim of this study was to examine the influence of low doses of methyl parathion (MP) on the structure and function of the kidney of male Wistar rats. A corn oil (vehicle) was administered to control rats, whereas treated rats received MP at 0.56 mg/kg orally (1/25 of LD50), every third day, for 8 weeks. At the end of each week following MP exposure, creatinine and glucose levels were measured in plasma, while glucose, inorganic phosphate, total proteins, albumin, and activity of γ-glutamyltranspeptidase (GGT) were determined in urine. Kidney histological study was also performed. Compared with control rats, MP significantly increased plasma glucose and creatinine levels accompanied by decreased urinary flow rate and elevated urinary excretion rates of glucose, phosphate, and albumin. Further, the activity of GGT in urine was increased significantly. The proximal cells exhibited cytoplasmic vacuolization, positive periodic acid Schiff inclusions, and brush border edge loss after 2 or 4 weeks following MP treatment. Finally, renal cortex samples were obtained at 2, 4, 6, and 8 weeks of MP treatment, and the concentrations of reduced glutathione (GSH) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity were measured. The mRNA expression levels of BAX and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) were also determined (RT-PCR). MP significantly decreased renal GSH levels, increased GPx activity, as well as downregulated the mRNA expression of TNF-α and BAX. Densitometry analysis showed a significant reduction in TNF-α and BAX mRNA expression levels at 2 and 4 weeks following MP treatment. Low doses of MP produced structural and functional damage to the proximal tubules of male rat kidney.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Victor Hugo Fuentes-Delgado
- a Centro de Ciencias Básicas, Departamento de Fisiología y Farmacología , Universidad Autónoma de Aguascalientes , Aguascalientes , México
| | - María Consolación Martínez-Saldaña
- a Centro de Ciencias Básicas, Departamento de Fisiología y Farmacología , Universidad Autónoma de Aguascalientes , Aguascalientes , México
| | - María Luisa Rodríguez-Vázquez
- a Centro de Ciencias Básicas, Departamento de Fisiología y Farmacología , Universidad Autónoma de Aguascalientes , Aguascalientes , México
| | - Miguel Arturo Reyes-Romero
- b Facultad de Medicina. Departamento de Medicina Molecular , Universidad Juárez del Estado de Durango , Durango , México
| | | | - Fernando Jaramillo-Juárez
- a Centro de Ciencias Básicas, Departamento de Fisiología y Farmacología , Universidad Autónoma de Aguascalientes , Aguascalientes , México
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Moreira LP, Silveira L, da Silva AG, Fernandes AB, Pacheco MTT, Rocco DDFM. Raman spectroscopy applied to identify metabolites in urine of physically active subjects. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2017; 176:92-99. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2017.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2017] [Revised: 09/04/2017] [Accepted: 09/21/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|
22
|
Granjon D, Bonny O, Edwards A. Coupling between phosphate and calcium homeostasis: a mathematical model. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2017; 313:F1181-F1199. [PMID: 28747359 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00271.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2017] [Revised: 07/19/2017] [Accepted: 07/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
We developed a mathematical model of calcium (Ca) and phosphate (PO4) homeostasis in the rat to elucidate the hormonal mechanisms that underlie the regulation of Ca and PO4 balance. The model represents the exchanges of Ca and PO4 between the intestine, plasma, kidneys, bone, and the intracellular compartment, and the formation of Ca-PO4-fetuin-A complexes. It accounts for the regulation of these fluxes by parathyroid hormone (PTH), vitamin D3, fibroblast growth factor 23, and Ca2+-sensing receptors. Our results suggest that the Ca and PO4 homeostatic systems are robust enough to handle small perturbations in the production rate of either PTH or vitamin D3 The model predicts that large perturbations in PTH or vitamin D3 synthesis have a greater impact on the plasma concentration of Ca2+ ([Ca2+]p) than on that of PO4 ([PO4]p); due to negative feedback loops, [PO4]p does not consistently increase when the production rate of PTH or vitamin D3 is decreased. Our results also suggest that, following a large PO4 infusion, the rapidly exchangeable pool in bone acts as a fast, transient storage PO4 compartment (on the order of minutes), whereas the intracellular pool is able to store greater amounts of PO4 over several hours. Moreover, a large PO4 infusion rapidly lowers [Ca2+]p owing to the formation of CaPO4 complexes. A large Ca infusion, however, has a small impact on [PO4]p, since a significant fraction of Ca binds to albumin. This mathematical model is the first to include all major regulatory factors of Ca and PO4 homeostasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David Granjon
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC University of Paris 06, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, INSERM UMRS 1138, CNRS ERL 8228, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Lausanne, and Service of Nephrology, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland; and
| | - Olivier Bonny
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Lausanne, and Service of Nephrology, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland; and
| | - Aurélie Edwards
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC University of Paris 06, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, INSERM UMRS 1138, CNRS ERL 8228, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France; .,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Abstract
IN BRIEF Dietary guidelines for patients with diabetes extend beyond glycemic management to include recommendations for mitigating chronic disease risk. This review summarizes the literature suggesting that excess dietary phosphorus intake may increase the risk of skeletal and cardiovascular disease in patients who are in the early stages of chronic kidney disease (CKD) despite having normal serum phosphorus concentrations. It explores strategies for limiting dietary phosphorus, emphasizing that food additives, as a major source of highly bioavailable dietary phosphorus, may be a suitable target. Although the evidence for restricting phosphorus-based food additives in early CKD is limited, diabetes clinicians should monitor ongoing research aimed at assessing its efficacy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David E. St-Jules
- New York University School of Medicine, Center for Healthful Behavior Change, New York, NY
| | - David S. Goldfarb
- New York University Medical Center, Division of Nephrology, New York, NY
| | - Mary Lou Pompeii
- New York University School of Medicine, Center for Healthful Behavior Change, New York, NY
| | - Mary Ann Sevick
- New York University School of Medicine, Center for Healthful Behavior Change, New York, NY
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Gharibzahedi SMT, Jafari SM. The importance of minerals in human nutrition: Bioavailability, food fortification, processing effects and nanoencapsulation. Trends Food Sci Technol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2017.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 293] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
|
25
|
Sandoval MAS, Palermo MA, Carrillo R, Bundoc R, Carnate JM, Galsim RJ. Successful treatment of tumour-induced osteomalacia after resection of an oral peripheral ossifying fibroma. BMJ Case Rep 2017; 2017:bcr-2016-218637. [PMID: 28119439 DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2016-218637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumour-induced osteomalacia is a paraneoplastic syndrome wherein bone is affected by a hormone from a tumour that causes renal phosphate wasting and hypophosphataemia. Here, we present the case of a 31-year-old man who has been suffering from generalised bone pains and a spine deformity that led to loss of height. Pertinent findings are low serum phosphorus, low vitamin D and decreased bone mineral density. These findings led to a diagnosis of osteomalacia. However, the finding of an oral mass raised some questions as to what role it plays in the patient's disease. It was suspected that the oral mass (fibroma) was producing a hormone that led to renal phosphate wasting, hypophosphataemia and then osteomalacia. This hypothesis was proven after surgical removal of the mass led to normalisation of the metabolic derangements and eventually led to a resolution of the bone pains.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mark Anthony Santiago Sandoval
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of the Philippines Manila, Manila, Philippines.,Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine and Philippine General Hospital, University of the Philippines Manila, Manila, Philippines
| | - Majorie Amoroto Palermo
- Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine and Philippine General Hospital, University of the Philippines Manila, Manila, Philippines
| | - Ryner Carrillo
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, College of Medicine and Philippine General Hospital, University of the Philippines Manila, Manila, Philippines
| | - Rafael Bundoc
- Spine Service, Department of Orthopedics, College of Medicine and Philippine General Hospital, University of the Philippines Manila, Manila, Philippines
| | - Jose Ma Carnate
- Departments of Pathology and Laboratories, College of Medicine and Philippine General Hospital, University of the Philippines Manila, Manila, Philippines
| | - Romelito Jose Galsim
- Department of Radiology, College of Medicine and Philippine General Hospital, University of the Philippines Manila, Manila, Philippines
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Ide N, Olauson H, Sato T, Densmore MJ, Wang H, Hanai JI, Larsson TE, Lanske B. In vivo evidence for a limited role of proximal tubular Klotho in renal phosphate handling. Kidney Int 2016; 90:348-362. [DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2016.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2015] [Revised: 03/29/2016] [Accepted: 04/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
|
27
|
Nnadi E, Manafa P, Okocha E, Chukwuma G, Aneke J. Evaluation of creatine kinase activity and inorganic phosphate concentration in adult nigerian homozygous and heterozygous hemoglobin phenotypes. Ann Med Health Sci Res 2014; 4:697-700. [PMID: 25328777 PMCID: PMC4199158 DOI: 10.4103/2141-9248.141518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Biochemical parameters vary in subjects with different hemoglobin phenotypes, compared with normal controls. Aim: The aim was to evaluate serum creatine kinase (CK) activity and inorganic phosphate concentrations in Nigerian adults with homozygous and heterozygous hemoglobin phenotypes. Subjects and Methods: A prospective study, carried out at the hematology out-patient clinic of our hospital, a community health center and a private hospital, all in Anambra state. Subjects included hemoglobin phenotypes AA, AS, and SS, in steady state and vaso-occlusive crisis (VOC). Samples were collected for serum CK activity and inorganic phosphate concentrations. Data obtained were analyzed using SPSS 16.0 (SPSS Inc., Chicago IL, USA). Means were compared using the Student's t-test and statistical significance was set at P < 0.05. Results: A total of 100 subjects participated in the study. There was a statistically significant difference in the means of serum CK activity in hemoglobin SS (HbSS) in VOC versus hemoglobin AA (HbAA) (P = 0.01) and HbSS in steady state versus HbAA (P = 0.02) but not in hemoglobin AS (HbAS) versus HbAA (P = 0.79) and HbSS in VOC versus HbSS in steady state (P = 0.06). A statistically significant difference was noted in the means of serum inorganic phosphate concentration in HbSS in VOC versus HbAA (P = 0.01), but not in HbSS in steady state versus HbAA (P = 0.43), HbSS in VOC versus HbSS in steady state (P = 0.09) and HbAS versus HbAA (P = 0.20). Conclusion: Sickle cell disease is a predictor for high serum CK activity and low serum concentration of inorganic phosphate, particularly in VOC. There may be a need to monitor serum CK activity in HbSS subjects presenting with major VOC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ee Nnadi
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Nnewi, Anambra State, Nigeria
| | - Po Manafa
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Nnewi, Anambra State, Nigeria
| | - Ec Okocha
- Department of Hematology, Nnamdi Azikiwe University Teaching Hospital, Nnewi, Anambra State, Nigeria
| | - Go Chukwuma
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Nnewi, Anambra State, Nigeria
| | - Jc Aneke
- Department of Hematology, Nnamdi Azikiwe University Teaching Hospital, Nnewi, Anambra State, Nigeria
| |
Collapse
|