1
|
Zhang X, Wang Y, Chen Y, Yang H, Luan X. Role cognition of assigned nurses supporting Hubei Province in the fight against COVID-19 in China: a hermeneutic phenomenological study. Front Psychol 2024; 15:1287944. [PMID: 38487660 PMCID: PMC10939063 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1287944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Aims During the COVID-19 epidemic, nurses played a crucial role in clinical treatment. As a special group, front-line nurses, especially those assigned to support Hubei Province in the fight against COVID-19 between February and April 2020, brought diverse experiences from different provinces in China in taking care of COVID-19 patients and role cognition. Therefore, our purpose is to explore the real coping experience and role cognition of front-line nurses during the novel coronavirus outbreak to provide relevant experience references for society and managers in the face of such major public health emergencies in the future. Design This qualitative study was performed using the phenomenological hermeneutics method. Method This is a qualitative phenomenological study. Semi-structured in-depth interviews were used to collect data. The interviewees were 53 front-line nurses who assisted and supported the fight against COVID-19 in Hubei Province during the COVID-19 epidemic. Data were collected through individual online and telephone interviews using a semi-structured interview during March 2020. The COREQ guidance was used to report this study. Results The findings revealed that front-line nurses assisting in the fight against COVID-19 developed a context-specific role cognition of their work and contribution to society. The qualitative analysis of the data revealed 15 sub-categories and 5 main categories. These five themes represented the different roles identified by nurses. The roles included expectations, conflicts, adaptation, emotions, and flow of blessing. Belief in getting better, a sense of honor, and training could help them to reduce feelings of conflict in this role and adapt more quickly. Discussion This article discusses the real coping experience and role cognition of front-line nurses during the novel coronavirus epidemic. It provides relevant experience references for society and managers to face similar major public health emergencies in the future. This study makes a significant contribution to the literature because it demonstrates how non-local nurses sent to Hubei to work perceived their roles as part of a larger narrative of patriotism, duty, solidarity, and hope.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xu Zhang
- School of Nursing and Rehabilitation, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Yaqian Wang
- School of Nursing and Rehabilitation, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Yuanyuan Chen
- Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Hailing Yang
- Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Xiaorong Luan
- Infection Management Department, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Gupta P, Gupta V, Singh CM, Singhal L. Emergence of COVID-19 Variants: An Update. Cureus 2023; 15:e41295. [PMID: 37539393 PMCID: PMC10394493 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.41295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory disease virus-2 (SARS CoV-2) is one of the deadliest global threats faced by mankind to date. Despite the colossal efforts, the viral pandemic swept across all boundaries. Besides the virulence and susceptible population, the low proofreading capacity and error-prone mechanism of RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) have contributed to new variants and reinfections. The World Health Organization has officially categorized these variants as variants of concern or variants of interest. This nomenclature is not merely to suffice the surveillance but also to have effective treatment and vaccine options in place. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) variants have the propensity to render the available treatment strategies futile owing to the mutations they acquire. The futility of treatment strategies can be attributed either to the ineffectiveness or the shortage of supply given the skyrocketing increase in the number of cases. Presently, the Omicron variant is the most widespread one and is known to escape the protection, be it immune-derived, vaccination-derived, or hybrid. WHO has recommended modification in vaccine development policies and few companies have introduced Omicron-adapted vaccine jabs. Keeping in view the unending tale of COVID-19 variants and the huge data available on the same, this review focuses on providing insight into the emergence and ongoing dynamics of these new COVID-19 variants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Parakriti Gupta
- Microbiology, Government Medical College and Hospital, Chandigarh, Chandigarh, IND
| | - Varsha Gupta
- Microbiology, Government Medical College and Hospital, Chandigarh, Chandigarh, IND
| | - Chander Mohan Singh
- Microbiology, Government Medical College and Hospital, Chandigarh, Chandigarh, IND
| | - Lipika Singhal
- Microbiology, Government Medical College and Hospital, Chandigarh, Chandigarh, IND
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Bolesławska I, Kowalówka M, Bolesławska-Król N, Przysławski J. Ketogenic Diet and Ketone Bodies as Clinical Support for the Treatment of SARS-CoV-2-Review of the Evidence. Viruses 2023; 15:1262. [PMID: 37376562 PMCID: PMC10326824 DOI: 10.3390/v15061262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
One of the proposed nutritional therapies to support drug therapy in COVID-19 is the use of a ketogenic diet (KD) or ketone bodies. In this review, we summarized the evidence from tissue, animal, and human models and looked at the mechanisms of action of KD/ketone bodies against COVID-19. KD/ketone bodies were shown to be effective at the stage of virus entry into the host cell. The use of β-hydroxybutyrate (BHB), by preventing the metabolic reprogramming associated with COVID-19 infection and improving mitochondrial function, reduced glycolysis in CD4+ lymphocytes and improved respiratory chain function, and could provide an alternative carbon source for oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS). Through multiple mechanisms, the use of KD/ketone bodies supported the host immune response. In animal models, KD resulted in protection against weight loss and hypoxemia, faster recovery, reduced lung injury, and resulted in better survival of young mice. In humans, KD increased survival, reduced the need for hospitalization for COVID-19, and showed a protective role against metabolic abnormalities after COVID-19. It appears that the use of KD and ketone bodies may be considered as a clinical nutritional intervention to assist in the treatment of COVID-19, despite the fact that numerous studies indicate that SARS-CoV-2 infection alone may induce ketoacidosis. However, the use of such an intervention requires strong scientific validation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Izabela Bolesławska
- Department of Bromatology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-806 Poznan, Poland; (M.K.); (J.P.)
| | - Magdalena Kowalówka
- Department of Bromatology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-806 Poznan, Poland; (M.K.); (J.P.)
| | - Natasza Bolesławska-Król
- Student Society of Radiotherapy, Collegium Medicum, University of Zielona Gora, Zyta 28, 65-046 Zielona Góra, Poland;
| | - Juliusz Przysławski
- Department of Bromatology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-806 Poznan, Poland; (M.K.); (J.P.)
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Becerra-Medina LT, Meneses-La-Riva ME, Ruíz-Ruíz MT, Marcilla-Félix A, Suyo-Vega JA, Fernández-Bedoya VH. Mental health impacts of nurses caring for patients with COVID-19 in Peru: Fear of contagion, generalized anxiety, and physical-cognitive fatigue. Front Psychol 2022; 13:917302. [PMID: 35959066 PMCID: PMC9358276 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.917302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The health crisis caused by COVID-19 has resulted in the physical and emotional deterioration of health personnel, especially nurses, whose emotional state is affected by the high risk of contagion, the high demands of health services, and the exhausting working hours. The objective of this research was to determine the relationship between fear, anxiety, and fatigue of nurses caring for patients with COVID-19 in a second level public hospital in Peru. This study presents a quantitative approach and correlational level, cross-sectional, and non-experimental design. The sample consisted of 145 nurses who attended patients with COVID-19 in health care areas. The results show a significant relationship between fear of contagion and physical-cognitive fatigue (p < 0.001; r = 317) and a significant relationship between generalized anxiety and physical-cognitive fatigue (p < 0.001; r = 480). It is concluded that in this context, both fear of contagion and generalized anxiety are related to physical-cognitive fatigue.
Collapse
|
5
|
Nadesan M. Crises Narratives Defining the COVID-19 Pandemic: Expert
Uncertainties and Conspiratorial Sensemaking. THE AMERICAN BEHAVIORAL SCIENTIST 2022:00027642221085893. [PMCID: PMC9051992 DOI: 10.1177/00027642221085893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Experts, news media, and social media commentators struggled to make sense of
SARS-CoV-2 January–May 2020 as disease caused by this virus, COVID-19,
circulated the globe. This paper represents a longitudinal analysis of the
primary narratives produced across expert, media, and social media sources to
describe the virus, its phylogenetic origins, and biological effects. High
expert uncertainty coupled with amplifying representations of risk across time
drove collective sensemaking and conspiratorial narratives.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Majia Nadesan
- School of Social and Behavioral
Sciences, Arizona
State University, Glendale, AZ,
USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Lv Z, Cano KE, Jia L, Drag M, Huang TT, Olsen SK. Targeting SARS-CoV-2 Proteases for COVID-19 Antiviral Development. Front Chem 2022; 9:819165. [PMID: 35186898 PMCID: PMC8850931 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2021.819165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The emergence of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS-CoV-2) in 2019 marked the third occurrence of a highly pathogenic coronavirus in the human population since 2003. As the death toll surpasses 5 million globally and economic losses continue, designing drugs that could curtail infection and disease progression is critical. In the US, three highly effective Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-authorized vaccines are currently available, and Remdesivir is approved for the treatment of hospitalized patients. However, moderate vaccination rates and the sustained evolution of new viral variants necessitate the ongoing search for new antivirals. Several viral proteins have been prioritized as SARS-CoV-2 antiviral drug targets, among them the papain-like protease (PLpro) and the main protease (Mpro). Inhibition of these proteases would target viral replication, viral maturation, and suppression of host innate immune responses. Knowledge of inhibitors and assays for viruses were quickly adopted for SARS-CoV-2 protease research. Potential candidates have been identified to show inhibitory effects against PLpro and Mpro, both in biochemical assays and viral replication in cells. These results encourage further optimizations to improve prophylactic and therapeutic efficacy. In this review, we examine the latest developments of potential small-molecule inhibitors and peptide inhibitors for PLpro and Mpro, and how structural biology greatly facilitates this process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zongyang Lv
- Department of Biochemistry and Structural Biology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - Kristin E. Cano
- Department of Biochemistry and Structural Biology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - Lijia Jia
- Department of Biochemistry and Structural Biology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - Marcin Drag
- Department of Chemical Biology and Bioimaging, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Tony T. Huang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - Shaun K. Olsen
- Department of Biochemistry and Structural Biology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Duraisamy S, Santhosh A, Anushkannan NK, Saisadan D. Severe acute respiratory syndrome Coronavirus-2 – A surge of CoronaVirus Disease-2019: An epidemiological study in Coimbatore District. JOURNAL OF PHARMACY AND BIOALLIED SCIENCES 2022; 14:S360-S363. [PMID: 36110629 PMCID: PMC9469229 DOI: 10.4103/jpbs.jpbs_124_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
|
8
|
Hasan MZ, Neill R, Das P, Venugopal V, Arora D, Bishai D, Jain N, Gupta S. Integrated health service delivery during COVID-19: a scoping review of published evidence from low-income and lower-middle-income countries. BMJ Glob Health 2021; 6:bmjgh-2021-005667. [PMID: 34135071 PMCID: PMC8210663 DOI: 10.1136/bmjgh-2021-005667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Integrated health service delivery (IHSD) is a promising approach to improve health system resilience. However, there is a lack of evidence specific to the low/lower-middle-income country (L-LMIC) health systems on how IHSD is used during disease outbreaks. This scoping review aimed to synthesise the emerging evidence on IHSD approaches adopted in L-LMIC during the COVID-19 pandemic and systematically collate their operational features. METHODS A systematic scoping review of peer-reviewed literature, published in English between 1 December 2019 and 12 June 2020, from seven electronic databases was conducted to explore the evidence of IHSD implemented in L-LMICs during the COVID-19 pandemic. Data were systematically charted, and key features of IHSD systems were presented according to the postulated research questions of the review. RESULTS The literature search retrieved 1487 published articles from which 18 articles met the inclusion criteria and included in this review. Service delivery, health workforce, medicine and technologies were the three most frequently integrated health system building blocks during the COVID-19 pandemic. While responding to COVID-19, the L-LMICs principally implemented the IHSD system via systematic horizontal integration, led by specific policy measures. The government's stewardship, along with the decentralised decision-making capacity of local institutions and multisectoral collaboration, was the critical facilitator for IHSD. Simultaneously, fragmented service delivery structures, fragile supply chain, inadequate diagnostic capacity and insufficient workforce were key barriers towards integration. CONCLUSION A wide array of context-specific IHSD approaches were operationalised in L-LMICs during the early phase of the COVID-19 pandemic. Emerging recommendations emphasise the importance of coordination and integration across building blocks and levels of the health system, supported by a responsive governance structure and stakeholder engagement strategies. Future reviews can revisit this emerging evidence base at subsequent phases of COVID-19 response and recovery in L-LMICs to understand how the approaches highlighted here evolve.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Md Zabir Hasan
- School of Population and Public Health, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada .,Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Rachel Neill
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Priyanka Das
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Vasuki Venugopal
- Department of Health and Family Welfare, Government of Gujarat, Gandhinagar, India
| | - Dinesh Arora
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - David Bishai
- Department of Population, Family and Reproductive Health, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Nishant Jain
- Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit GmbH India Office, New Delhi, India
| | - Shivam Gupta
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Singh V, Supehia S, Gupta PK, Narula H, Sharma M, Devi K, Bhute AR. Effectiveness of video modules in infection control trainings during COVID-19 pandemic: A quasi-experimental study in tertiary care institute. JOURNAL OF EDUCATION AND HEALTH PROMOTION 2021; 10:183. [PMID: 34250117 PMCID: PMC8249972 DOI: 10.4103/jehp.jehp_1009_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Continuous pertinent trainings for infection prevention and control (IPC) measures are essential to ensure quality health-care services along with the safety of the health personnel. Amid the COVID-19 pandemic, the current study focusses on the utilization of explicated video modules training of all health-care personnel of the institute and assessment of the effectiveness of video training for IPC practices during COVID-19 pandemic. MATERIALS AND METHODS A quasi-experimental study, one group pre- and posttest design, using Google Questionnaire forms was conducted at a tertiary care center. The training was assisted by trained tutors, and three in-house videos were demonstrated to the participants regarding specific IPC measures; "Do's and Don'ts;" "Hand hygiene and personal protective equipment's (PPE)" and "Environmental cleaning and disinfection." SPSS software version 23 (IBM Corp., N. Y., USA) was used for the analysis using the descriptive statistics, Chi-square test, Fisher's t-test, ANOVA, and post hoc Tukey's test. RESULTS The level of knowledge increased significantly by 16% in the posttest. Statistically significant association between the levels of knowledge in pretest as well as posttest scores and age (P < 0.001), designation (P < 0.001), and years of experience (P < 0.001) was identified. The participants were satisfied with the video-assisted trainings and willing to use videos for revision. CONCLUSIONS Video-assisted training modules similar to this study may be utilized to enhance the knowledge of various cadres of health-care staff regarding IPC practices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vanya Singh
- Department of Microbiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Sakshi Supehia
- Department of Community and Family Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Puneet Kumar Gupta
- Department of Microbiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Himanshu Narula
- Department of Microbiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Maneesh Sharma
- Department of Medical Surgical Nursing, College of Nursing, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Komal Devi
- Department of Microbiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Ashish Ramesh Bhute
- Department of Forensic Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, Uttarakhand, India
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Zhang Y, Li D, Zhao H, Wang L, Liao Y, Li X, Mou T, Li Q. The role of multiple SARS-CoV-2 viral antigens in a vaccine-induced integrated immune response. Vaccine 2021; 39:2500-2503. [PMID: 33814228 PMCID: PMC7983451 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2021.03.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Revised: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhang
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medicine Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vaccine Research and Development for Severe Infectious Diseases, Kunming 650118, China
| | - Dandan Li
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medicine Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vaccine Research and Development for Severe Infectious Diseases, Kunming 650118, China
| | - Heng Zhao
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medicine Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vaccine Research and Development for Severe Infectious Diseases, Kunming 650118, China
| | - Lichun Wang
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medicine Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vaccine Research and Development for Severe Infectious Diseases, Kunming 650118, China
| | - Yun Liao
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medicine Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vaccine Research and Development for Severe Infectious Diseases, Kunming 650118, China
| | - Xueqi Li
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medicine Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vaccine Research and Development for Severe Infectious Diseases, Kunming 650118, China
| | - Tangwei Mou
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medicine Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vaccine Research and Development for Severe Infectious Diseases, Kunming 650118, China
| | - Qihan Li
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medicine Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vaccine Research and Development for Severe Infectious Diseases, Kunming 650118, China.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Rivero-Angeles ME, Barrera-Figueroa V, Malfavón-Talavera JE, García-Tejeda YV, Orea-Flores IY, Jiménez-Ramírez O, Bermúdez-Sosa JA. Mobile Clustering Scheme for Pedestrian Contact Tracing: The COVID-19 Case Study. ENTROPY 2021; 23:e23030326. [PMID: 33802131 PMCID: PMC7999408 DOI: 10.3390/e23030326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Revised: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
In the context of smart cities, there is a general benefit from monitoring close encounters among pedestrians. For instance, for the access control to office buildings, subway, commercial malls, etc., where a high amount of users may be present simultaneously, and keeping a strict record on each individual may be challenging. GPS tracking may not be available in many indoor cases; video surveillance may require expensive deployment (mainly due to the high-quality cameras and face recognition algorithms) and can be restrictive in case of low budget applications; RFID systems can be cumbersome and limited in the detection range. This information can later be used in many different scenarios. For instance, in case of earthquakes, fires, and accidents in general, the administration of the buildings can have a clear record of the people inside for victim searching activities. However, in the pandemic derived from the COVID-19 outbreak, a tracking that allows detecting of pedestrians in close range (a few meters) can be particularly useful to control the virus propagation. Hence, we propose a mobile clustering scheme where only a selected number of pedestrians (Cluster Heads) collect the information of the people around them (Cluster Members) in their trajectory inside the area of interest. Hence, a small number of transmissions are made to a control post, effectively limiting the collision probability and increasing the successful registration of people in close contact. Our proposal shows an increased success packet transmission probability and a reduced collision and idle slot probability, effectively improving the performance of the system compared to the case of direct transmissions from each node.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mario E. Rivero-Angeles
- Communication Networks Laboratory, CIC-Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City 07738, Mexico
- Correspondence: (M.E.R.-A.); (V.B.-F.)
| | - Víctor Barrera-Figueroa
- SEPI-UPIITA-Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City 07740, Mexico
- Correspondence: (M.E.R.-A.); (V.B.-F.)
| | - José E. Malfavón-Talavera
- Telematics Section, UPIITA-Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City 07738, Mexico; (J.E.M.-T.); (I.Y.O.-F.); (O.J.-R.); (J.A.B.-S.)
| | - Yunia V. García-Tejeda
- Basic Sciences Section, UPIITA-Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City 07340, Mexico;
| | - Izlian Y. Orea-Flores
- Telematics Section, UPIITA-Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City 07738, Mexico; (J.E.M.-T.); (I.Y.O.-F.); (O.J.-R.); (J.A.B.-S.)
| | - Omar Jiménez-Ramírez
- Telematics Section, UPIITA-Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City 07738, Mexico; (J.E.M.-T.); (I.Y.O.-F.); (O.J.-R.); (J.A.B.-S.)
| | - José A. Bermúdez-Sosa
- Telematics Section, UPIITA-Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City 07738, Mexico; (J.E.M.-T.); (I.Y.O.-F.); (O.J.-R.); (J.A.B.-S.)
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Kyosei Y, Yamura S, Namba M, Yoshimura T, Watabe S, Ito E. Antigen tests for COVID-19. Biophys Physicobiol 2021; 18:28-39. [PMID: 33954080 PMCID: PMC8049777 DOI: 10.2142/biophysico.bppb-v18.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
PCR diagnosis has been considered as the gold standard for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and other many diseases. However, there are many problems in using PCR, such as non-specific (i.e., false-positive) and false-negative amplifications, the limits of a target sample volume, deactivation of the enzymes used, complicated techniques, difficulty in designing probe sequences, and the expense. We, thus, need an alternative to PCR, for example an ultrasensitive antigen test. In the present review, we summarize the following three topics. (1) The problems of PCR are outlined. (2) The antigen tests are surveyed in the literature that was published in 2020, and their pros and cons are discussed for commercially available antigen tests. (3) Our own antigen test on the basis of an ultrasensitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) is introduced. Finally, we discuss the possibility that our antigen test by an ultrasensitive ELISA technique will become the gold standard for diagnosis of COVID-19 and other diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuta Kyosei
- Department of Biology, Waseda University, Shinjuku, Tokyo 162-8480, Japan
| | - Sou Yamura
- Department of Biology, Waseda University, Shinjuku, Tokyo 162-8480, Japan
| | - Mayuri Namba
- Department of Biology, Waseda University, Shinjuku, Tokyo 162-8480, Japan
| | - Teruki Yoshimura
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, Ishikari, Hokkaido 061-0293, Japan
| | - Satoshi Watabe
- Waseda Research Institute for Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Shinjuku, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan
| | - Etsuro Ito
- Department of Biology, Waseda University, Shinjuku, Tokyo 162-8480, Japan.,Waseda Research Institute for Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Shinjuku, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan.,Graduate Institute of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Sanmin, Kaohsiung 80756, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Che Y, Liu X, Pu Y, Zhou M, Zhao Z, Jiang R, Yin Z, Xu M, Yin Q, Wang J, Pu J, Zhao H, Zhang Y, Wang L, Jiang Y, Lei J, Zheng Y, Liao Y, Long R, Yu L, Cui P, Yang H, Zhang Y, Li J, Chen W, He Z, Ma K, Hong C, Li D, Jiang G, Liu D, Xu X, Fan S, Cheng C, Zhao H, Yang J, Li Y, Zou Y, Zhu Y, Zhou Y, Guo Y, Yang T, Chen H, Xie Z, Li C, Li Q. Randomized, double-blinded and placebo-controlled phase II trial of an inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine in healthy adults. Clin Infect Dis 2020; 73:e3949-e3955. [PMID: 33165503 PMCID: PMC7717222 DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciaa1703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background We evaluated an inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine for immunogenicity and safety in adults aged 18-59 years. Methods In this randomized, double-blinded and controlled trial, healthy adults received a medium (MD) or a high dose (HD) of the vaccine at an interval of either 14 days or 28 days. Neutralizing antibody (NAb) and anti-S and anti-N antibodies were detected at different times, and adverse reactions were monitored for 28 days after full immunization. Results A total of 742 adults were enrolled in the immunogenicity and safety analysis. Among subjects in the 0, 14 procedure, the seroconversion rates of NAb in MD and HD groups were 89% and 96% with GMTs of 23 and 30, respectively, at day 14 and 92% and 96% with GMTs of 19 and 21, respectively at day 28 after immunization. Anti-S antibodies had GMTs of 1883 and 2370 in MD and 2295 and 2432 in HD group. Anti-N antibodies had GMTs of 387 and 434 in MD group and 342 and 380 in HD group. Among subjects in the 0, 28 procedure, seroconversion rates for NAb at both doses were both 95% with GMTs of 19 at day 28 after immunization. Anti-S antibodies had GMTs of 937 and 929 for MD and HD group, and anti-N antibodies had GMTs of 570 and 494 for MD and HD group, respectively. No serious adverse events were observed during the study period. Conclusion Adults vaccinated with inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine had NAb as well as anti-S/N antibody, and had a low rate of adverse reactions. Clinical trials registration NCT04412538.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yanchun Che
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medicine Science & Peking Union Medical College, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vaccine Research and Development for Severe Infectious Diseases, Kunming, China
| | - Xiaoqiang Liu
- Yunnan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Kunming, China
| | - Yi Pu
- Gejiu Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Gejiu, China
| | - Meijian Zhou
- Mile Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Mile, China
| | - Zhimei Zhao
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medicine Science & Peking Union Medical College, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vaccine Research and Development for Severe Infectious Diseases, Kunming, China
| | - Ruiju Jiang
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medicine Science & Peking Union Medical College, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vaccine Research and Development for Severe Infectious Diseases, Kunming, China
| | - Zhifang Yin
- National Institute of Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China
| | - Mingjue Xu
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medicine Science & Peking Union Medical College, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vaccine Research and Development for Severe Infectious Diseases, Kunming, China
| | - Qiongzhou Yin
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medicine Science & Peking Union Medical College, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vaccine Research and Development for Severe Infectious Diseases, Kunming, China
| | - Jianfeng Wang
- National Institute of Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Pu
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medicine Science & Peking Union Medical College, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vaccine Research and Development for Severe Infectious Diseases, Kunming, China
| | - Heng Zhao
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medicine Science & Peking Union Medical College, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vaccine Research and Development for Severe Infectious Diseases, Kunming, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medicine Science & Peking Union Medical College, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vaccine Research and Development for Severe Infectious Diseases, Kunming, China
| | - Lichun Wang
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medicine Science & Peking Union Medical College, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vaccine Research and Development for Severe Infectious Diseases, Kunming, China
| | - Ya Jiang
- Mile Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Mile, China
| | - Jin Lei
- Gejiu Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Gejiu, China
| | - Yan Zheng
- Yunnan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Kunming, China
| | - Yun Liao
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medicine Science & Peking Union Medical College, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vaccine Research and Development for Severe Infectious Diseases, Kunming, China
| | - Runxiang Long
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medicine Science & Peking Union Medical College, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vaccine Research and Development for Severe Infectious Diseases, Kunming, China
| | - Li Yu
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medicine Science & Peking Union Medical College, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vaccine Research and Development for Severe Infectious Diseases, Kunming, China
| | - Pingfang Cui
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medicine Science & Peking Union Medical College, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vaccine Research and Development for Severe Infectious Diseases, Kunming, China
| | - Huijuan Yang
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medicine Science & Peking Union Medical College, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vaccine Research and Development for Severe Infectious Diseases, Kunming, China
| | - Yuehui Zhang
- Gejiu Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Gejiu, China
| | - Jingyu Li
- Yunnan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Kunming, China
| | - Weiwu Chen
- Mile Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Mile, China
| | - Zhanlong He
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medicine Science & Peking Union Medical College, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vaccine Research and Development for Severe Infectious Diseases, Kunming, China
| | - Kaili Ma
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medicine Science & Peking Union Medical College, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vaccine Research and Development for Severe Infectious Diseases, Kunming, China
| | - Chao Hong
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medicine Science & Peking Union Medical College, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vaccine Research and Development for Severe Infectious Diseases, Kunming, China
| | - Dandan Li
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medicine Science & Peking Union Medical College, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vaccine Research and Development for Severe Infectious Diseases, Kunming, China
| | - Guorun Jiang
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medicine Science & Peking Union Medical College, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vaccine Research and Development for Severe Infectious Diseases, Kunming, China
| | - Donglan Liu
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medicine Science & Peking Union Medical College, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vaccine Research and Development for Severe Infectious Diseases, Kunming, China
| | - Xingli Xu
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medicine Science & Peking Union Medical College, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vaccine Research and Development for Severe Infectious Diseases, Kunming, China
| | - Shengtao Fan
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medicine Science & Peking Union Medical College, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vaccine Research and Development for Severe Infectious Diseases, Kunming, China
| | - Chen Cheng
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medicine Science & Peking Union Medical College, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vaccine Research and Development for Severe Infectious Diseases, Kunming, China
| | - Hongling Zhao
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medicine Science & Peking Union Medical College, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vaccine Research and Development for Severe Infectious Diseases, Kunming, China
| | - Jianbo Yang
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medicine Science & Peking Union Medical College, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vaccine Research and Development for Severe Infectious Diseases, Kunming, China
| | - Yan Li
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medicine Science & Peking Union Medical College, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vaccine Research and Development for Severe Infectious Diseases, Kunming, China
| | - Yanxiang Zou
- Yunnan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Kunming, China
| | - Youshuai Zhu
- Mile Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Mile, China
| | - Yaling Zhou
- Gejiu Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Gejiu, China
| | - Yingqiu Guo
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medicine Science & Peking Union Medical College, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vaccine Research and Development for Severe Infectious Diseases, Kunming, China
| | - Ting Yang
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medicine Science & Peking Union Medical College, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vaccine Research and Development for Severe Infectious Diseases, Kunming, China
| | - Hongbo Chen
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medicine Science & Peking Union Medical College, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vaccine Research and Development for Severe Infectious Diseases, Kunming, China
| | - Zhongping Xie
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medicine Science & Peking Union Medical College, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vaccine Research and Development for Severe Infectious Diseases, Kunming, China
| | - Changgui Li
- National Institute of Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China
| | - Qihan Li
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medicine Science & Peking Union Medical College, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vaccine Research and Development for Severe Infectious Diseases, Kunming, China
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Kyosei Y, Namba M, Yamura S, Takeuchi R, Aoki N, Nakaishi K, Watabe S, Ito E. Proposal of De Novo Antigen Test for COVID-19: Ultrasensitive Detection of Spike Proteins of SARS-CoV-2. Diagnostics (Basel) 2020; 10:E594. [PMID: 32823866 PMCID: PMC7459804 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics10080594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Revised: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based antigen tests are technically difficult, time-consuming, and expensive, and may produce false negative results requiring follow-up confirmation with computed tomography. The global coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has increased the demand for accurate, easy-to-use, rapid, and cost-effective antigen tests for clinical application. We propose a de novo antigen test for diagnosing COVID-19 using the combination of sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and thio-nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (thio-NAD) cycling. Our test takes advantage of the spike proteins specific to the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) virus. The limit of detection of our test was 2.3 × 10-18 moles/assay. If the virus has ~25 spike proteins on its surface, our method should detect on the order of 10-20 moles of virus/assay, corresponding to ~104 copies of the virus RNA/assay. The detection sensitivity approaches that of PCR-based assays because the average virus RNA load used for PCR-based assays is ~105 copies per oro- or naso-pharyngeal swab specimen. To our knowledge, this is the first ultrasensitive antigen test for SARS-CoV-2 spike proteins that can be performed with an easy-to-use microplate reader. Sufficient sensitivity can be achieved within 10 min of thio-NAD cycling. Our antigen test allows for rapid, cost-effective, specific, ultrasensitive, and simultaneous multiple measurements of SARS-CoV-2, and has broad application for the diagnosis for COVID-19.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuta Kyosei
- Department of Biology, Waseda University, 2-2 Wakamatsucho, Shinjuku, Tokyo 162-8480, Japan; (Y.K.); (M.N.); (S.Y.)
| | - Mayuri Namba
- Department of Biology, Waseda University, 2-2 Wakamatsucho, Shinjuku, Tokyo 162-8480, Japan; (Y.K.); (M.N.); (S.Y.)
| | - Sou Yamura
- Department of Biology, Waseda University, 2-2 Wakamatsucho, Shinjuku, Tokyo 162-8480, Japan; (Y.K.); (M.N.); (S.Y.)
| | - Rikiya Takeuchi
- Research and Development Department, TAUNS Laboratories, Inc., 245-1 Doniwa, Shimizu, Sunto, Shizuoka 411-0903, Japan; (R.T.); (N.A.); (S.W.)
| | - Noriko Aoki
- Research and Development Department, TAUNS Laboratories, Inc., 245-1 Doniwa, Shimizu, Sunto, Shizuoka 411-0903, Japan; (R.T.); (N.A.); (S.W.)
| | - Kazunari Nakaishi
- Quality Headquarters, TAUNS Laboratories, Inc., 761-1 Kamishima, Izunokuni, Shizuoka 410-2325, Japan;
- Waseda Research Institute for Science and Engineering, Waseda University, 3-4-1 Okubo, Shinjuku, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan
| | - Satoshi Watabe
- Research and Development Department, TAUNS Laboratories, Inc., 245-1 Doniwa, Shimizu, Sunto, Shizuoka 411-0903, Japan; (R.T.); (N.A.); (S.W.)
- Waseda Research Institute for Science and Engineering, Waseda University, 3-4-1 Okubo, Shinjuku, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan
| | - Etsuro Ito
- Department of Biology, Waseda University, 2-2 Wakamatsucho, Shinjuku, Tokyo 162-8480, Japan; (Y.K.); (M.N.); (S.Y.)
- Waseda Research Institute for Science and Engineering, Waseda University, 3-4-1 Okubo, Shinjuku, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, No. 100 Shiquan 1st Rd., Sanmin, Kaohsiung 80756, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|