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Ogunyinka IA, Yusuff KB, Erah PO, Mohammed Y, Wada YH. Coronavirus Disease 2019 Knowledge, Its Vaccine Uptake Intentions, and the Influence of Personality Traits among Undergraduate Pharmacy Students in a University Setting: Findings and Implications. Ann Afr Med 2024; 23:271-284. [PMID: 39028187 DOI: 10.4103/aam.aam_201_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024] Open
Abstract
CONTEXT Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is the greatest global health catastrophe of the century, with its vaccine hesitancy compounding the woes. Relevant stakeholders, including pharmacy students (whose education was disrupted) are important bulwarks against these catastrophes, but their COVID-19-related information are scarce. AIMS We assessed COVID-19 knowledge, its vaccine uptake intentions, and the influence of personality traits among pharmacy undergraduates in a Nigerian university. SETTINGS AND DESIGN This was a post-lockdown cross sectional study conducted at the Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto. SUBJECTS AND METHODS A 61-item questionnaire was used to collect data among pharmacy undergraduates who attended Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, Nigeria, in May 2021. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS USED Summary statistics- mean (±standard deviation), range, frequency, proportion; inferential statistics- Chi square statistics, binary logistic regression. RESULTS The response rate was 88% (168/191). The average COVID-19 knowledge score, the frequency of acceptance, and hesitancy to take COVID-19 vaccine among study participants were 42.9% (95% confidence interval [CI] = 42.1-43.7), 39.1% (95% CI = 37.3%-41.8%), and 61.9% (95% CI = 58.0%-64.2%), respectively. In addition, of the 168 study participants, 73 (43.5%) considered themselves to have high self-esteem, 67 (39.9%) were highly extroverted, 91 (54.2%) highly privately self-conscious, 96 (57.1%) highly publicly self-conscious, and 60 (35.7%) highly self-restrained, with 57 (34.0%) not believing in the existence of COVID-19. COVID-19 knowledge varied significantly by level of study ( F [2,165] = 5.539; P = 0.005; η 2 = 0.06). Similarly, those with high self-esteem were twice as knowledgeable regarding COVID-19 as those with low self-esteem (odds ratio [OR]: 2.02; 95% CI: 1.08-3.78; P = 0.03) with gleaning COVID-19-related information from social media platforms predicting COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy (CVH) (OR: 0.37; 95% CI: 0.16-0.85; P = 0.02). CONCLUSIONS The observed suboptimal COVID-19 knowledge was associated with participants' low level of self-esteem, and the prevalent CVH was associated with obtaining COVID-19-related information from social media platform.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibrahim Abayomi Ogunyinka
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, Nigeria
| | - Kazeem Babatunde Yusuff
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Practice, College of Pharmacy, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Patrick Omonua Erah
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria
| | - Yahaya Mohammed
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, College of Health Sciences, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, Nigeria
| | - Yusuf Hassan Wada
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, Nigeria
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Gidado S, Musa M, Ba'aba AI, Francis MR, Okeke LA, Bukar FL, Nguku PM, Hadejia IS, Hassan IA, Bande IM, Onuoha M, Usman R, Ugbenyo G, Godwin N, Ilori E, Abulfathi AA, Mshelia LA, Mohammed AM, Abdullahi MM, Bammami MI, Nuorti P, Atkins S. Knowledge, risk perception and uptake of COVID-19 vaccination among internally displaced persons in complex humanitarian emergency setting, Northeast Nigeria. BMC Public Health 2024; 24:634. [PMID: 38419036 PMCID: PMC10902942 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-024-18164-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Owing to crowded and unsanitary conditions, internally displaced persons (IDPs) have an increased risk of COVID-19 infection. Adoption of COVID-19 preventive measures among this population is premised on accurate information, adequate knowledge, and risk perception. We assessed COVID-19 knowledge and risk perception and investigated the association between risk perception and COVID-19 preventive measures, including vaccination among IDPs in Northeast Nigeria. METHODS We conducted a cross-sectional study during July-December 2022 and sampled 2,175 IDPs using stratified sampling. We utilized a 12-point assessment tool to evaluate COVID-19 knowledge. Participants who scored ≥ 6 points were considered to have adequate knowledge. We used a 30-item Risk Behavior Diagnosis Scale to assess COVID-19 risk perception and evaluated each item on a 5-point Likert scale. Participants were divided into risk perception categories by the median of Likert scale scores. We performed weighted logistic regression analysis to identify factors associated with risk perception. Pearson's chi-squared with Rao-Scott adjustment was used to determine the relationship between risk perception and COVID-19 preventive measures. RESULTS Of 2,175 participants, 55.7% were 18-39 years old, 70.9% were females, and 81.7% had no formal education. Among the IDPs, 32.0% (95% CI: 28.8 - 35.0) were considered to have adequate COVID-19 knowledge, and 51.3% (95% CI: 47.8 - 54.8) perceived COVID-19 risk as high. Moreover, 46.3% (95% CI: 42.8 - 50.0) had received one dose of COVID-19 vaccine, and 33.1% (95% CI: 29.8 - 36.0) received two doses. Adequate knowledge (Adjusted Odds Ratio (AOR) = 2.10, [95% CI: 1.46 - 3.03]) and post-primary education (AOR = 3.20, [95% CI: 1.59 - 6.46]) were associated with risk perception. Furthermore, high risk perception was significantly associated with wearing face masks (χ2 = 106.32, p-value < .001), practicing hand hygiene (χ2 = 162.24, p-value < .001), physical distancing (χ2 = 60.84, p-value < .001) and vaccination uptake (χ2 = 46.85, p-value < .001). CONCLUSIONS This study revealed gaps in COVID-19 knowledge, risk perception, and vaccination uptake but demonstrated a significant relationship between risk perception and COVID-19 preventive practices. Health education and risk communication should be intensified to improve knowledge, elicit stronger risk perception, and enhance COVID-19 preventive practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saheed Gidado
- Health Sciences Unit, Faculty of Social Sciences, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland.
| | - Melton Musa
- African Field Epidemiology Network, Borno State Field Office, Maiduguri, Nigeria
| | | | - Mark Rohit Francis
- Health Sciences Unit, Faculty of Social Sciences, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Lilian Akudo Okeke
- African Field Epidemiology Network, Adamawa State Field Office, Yola, Nigeria
| | - Fatima Lawan Bukar
- Department of Community Medicine, University of Maiduguri, Maiduguri, Borno State, Nigeria
| | - Patrick M Nguku
- African Field Epidemiology Network, Nigeria Country Office, Abuja, Nigeria
| | - Idris Suleman Hadejia
- Department of Community Medicine, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Kaduna State, Nigeria
| | - Isa Ali Hassan
- Borno State Ministry of Health, Maiduguri, Borno State, Nigeria
| | - Ibrahim Muhammad Bande
- Department of Disease Control and Immunization, Yobe State Primary Health Care Board, Damaturu, Yobe State, Nigeria
| | - Martins Onuoha
- Nigerian Correctional Service, Adamawa State Office, Yola, Adamawa State, Nigeria
| | | | - Gideon Ugbenyo
- African Field Epidemiology Network, Nigeria Country Office, Abuja, Nigeria
| | - Ntadom Godwin
- Epidemiology Division, Federal Ministry of Health, Abuja, Nigeria
| | - Elsie Ilori
- Nigeria Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Abuja, Nigeria
| | - Aisha Aliyu Abulfathi
- Department of Community Medicine, University of Maiduguri, Maiduguri, Borno State, Nigeria
| | - Lawi Auta Mshelia
- Borno State Primary Health Care Development Agency, Maiduguri, Borno State, Nigeria
| | | | | | | | - Pekka Nuorti
- Health Sciences Unit, Faculty of Social Sciences, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Salla Atkins
- Health Sciences Unit, Faculty of Social Sciences, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
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Agbesanwa TA, Aina FO, Ibrahim AO. Knowledge and Awareness of Hepatitis B Infection Among Young Adults in Ekiti, Nigeria: Implications for Education and Vaccination. Cureus 2023; 15:e49778. [PMID: 38161573 PMCID: PMC10757744 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.49778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Aim Hepatitis B is a preventable infection with transmission of the virus through sex, by blood and from mother to child during childbirth. Young adults are prone to some of these risk factors, yet data on awareness and knowledge of hepatitis B among them is still limited in Nigeria and none from our locality. The purpose of this study was to assess the knowledge and awareness of hepatitis B among young adults attending a tertiary health institution in Nigeria with the aim of giving recommendations based on the findings. Methods A total of 223 young adults who attended the adolescent and young adult clinic of the Family Medicine Department of the Ekiti State University Teaching Hospital, Ado Ekiti between 1 March and 31 May 2023 were analyzed using a predesigned self-administered questionnaire. Knowledge of hepatitis B was assessed by asking 12 questions relating to awareness of the disease, basic knowledge, route of transmission, the seriousness of the disease when compared to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), complications from the disease, their vaccination status and the number of doses received by the participants. Results The prevalence of awareness of hepatitis B among respondents was 88 (39.5%). Of the 223 respondents studied, 158 (70.9%) had a poor knowledge score of the disease. There was a significant association between the highest educational background of the respondents and awareness of hepatitis B (p=0.05). Awareness of hepatitis B was also associated with previous participation in any health screening (p=0.04) and vaccine awareness (p=<0.001). The majority of the respondents with good knowledge scores of hepatitis B preferred social media for disseminating information about their health (p=0.03). Out of all the participants studied, only one (0.4%) had completed the three doses of the hepatitis B vaccine with 11 (4.9%) of them yet to get fully vaccinated. Conclusion Efforts are needed to target social media platforms with information about hepatitis B and vaccination. With awareness campaigns of hepatitis B directed at various social media platforms, this population at risk could be educated about the disease and the benefits of vaccination. The low vaccination state among the respondents brought to the fore the urgent need for the government to ensure the provision of appropriate interventions for viral hepatitis among young adults.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Felix O Aina
- Family Medicine, Ekiti State University, Ado Ekiti, NGA
| | - Azeez O Ibrahim
- Family Medicine, Federal Teaching Hospital Ido Ekiti, Ido Ekiti, NGA
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Moghaddam HR, Khan FR, Bazyar H, Aghamohammadi V. Reasons for not getting COVID-19 vaccine in Ardabil, a Northwestern province in Iran: Based on an ecological approach. JOURNAL OF EDUCATION AND HEALTH PROMOTION 2023; 12:111. [PMID: 37397122 PMCID: PMC10312419 DOI: 10.4103/jehp.jehp_1074_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/24/2022] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Understanding the reasons for not getting the COVID-19 vaccine can help to increase acceptability and tackle vaccine hesitancy and consequently reach high coverage for this new vaccine. Using an ecological approach, the reasons for not getting the vaccine in the Iranian population was investigated. METHODS AND MATERIAL This study was conducted from October to December 2021 on 426 participants who had not received the COVID-19 vaccine. The following subsets of questions were included in the questionnaire: intrapersonal level factors, interpersonal level factors, group and organization, and society and policy-making. Multivariable logistic regression was used, and the odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated for vaccine hesitancy (dependent variable) according to the reasons for not getting COVID vaccine scores (independent variable) using multivariable logistic regression in 3 different models, including Model 0: unadjusted, Model 1: adjusted for age, gender, and underlying disease, and Model 2: adjustment for age, gender, underlying disease, education, place of living, income, marital status, and employment. RESULTS A significant difference was found regarding gender between likely and not likely groups (P = 0.016). A significant association was observed between the vaccine hesitancy and interpersonal (unadjusted model: OR = 0.833 (CI: 0.738-0.942), P for trend = 0.003; model 1: OR = 0.820 (CI: 0.724-0.930), P for trend = 0.002; model 2: OR = 0.799 (CI: 0.703-0.909), P for trend = 0.001) and group and organization (unadjusted model: OR = 0.861 (CI: 0.783-0.948), P for trend = 0.002; model 1: OR = 0.864 (CI: 0.784-0.952, P for trend = 0.003; model 2:OR = 0.862 (CI: 0.781-0.951, P for trend = 0.003). There was no significant association between vaccine hesitancy and intrapersonal and society and policy-making (P > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS We found that a high score of "interpersonal" and "group and organization" factors were associated with lower intention to COVID vaccine. Moreover, women had higher vaccination intentions than men.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Fatemeh R. Khan
- Faculty of Health, Education and Life Sciences, Birmingham City University (BCU), UK
| | - Hadi Bazyar
- Sirjan School of Medical Sciences, Sirjan, Iran
| | - Vahideh Aghamohammadi
- Department of Nutrition, Khalkhal University of Medical Sciences, Khalkhal, Iran
- Student Research Committee, Khalkhal Faculty of Medical Sciences, Khalkhal, Iran
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Gyeltshen K, Phuntsho S, Wangdi K. Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice towards COVID-19 among Patients Attending Phuentsholing Hospital, Bhutan: A Cross-Sectional Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:2942. [PMID: 36833636 PMCID: PMC9957525 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20042942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 01/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Bhutan is one of the few countries in the world to take unprecedented steps to control the spread of COVID-19 in the country. This study aimed to investigate knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) and their associated covariates among patients attending Phuentsholing Hospital, Bhutan. Therefore, a cross-sectional study was conducted among patients attending Phuentsholing Hospital in Bhutan between March 17 and April 9, 2021, using an interview-administered questionnaire. The multivariable logistic regression was used to identify statistically significant covariates of good KAP. Further, the association between levels of KAP scores was assessed using Pearson's correlation coefficient. Of the 441 participants, 54.6% (241) were female. Knowledge, attitude, and practice score were reported by 55.3%, 51.8%, and 83.7% of participants, respectively. Higher education, secondary education, monastic education, and non-formal education were 9 [adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 9.23; 95% confidence interval (CI) 3.438, 24.797], 3.5 (AOR = 3.5; 95% CI 1.425, 8.619), and 4 (AOR = 3.8; 95% CI 1.199, 12.141) times more likely to report good knowledge than illiterates. A positive attitude was associated with higher (AOR = 2.97; 95% CI 1.154, 7.66) and secondary (AOR = 3.53; 95% CI 1.454, 8.55) education compared to illiteracy. The good practice was associated with higher (AOR = 12.31; 95% CI 2.952, 51.318) and secondary (AOR = 11.5; 95% CI 3.439, 38.476) education compared to illiteracy. Participants in the age groups 26-35 years (AOR = 0.11; 95% CI 0.026, 0.484) and >45 years (AOR = 0.12; 95% CI 0.026, 0.588) were less likely to exhibit good practice compared to those aged 18-25 years. Those working in the private or business sectors were 9 (AOR = 8.81; 95% CI 1.165, 41.455) times more likely to have good practice compared to civil servants. There was a weak but positive correlation between knowledge-attitude (r = 0.228), knowledge-practice (r = 0.220), and attitude-practice scores (r = 0.338). The need for health education on COVID-19 to increase knowledge and attitude is highly recommended, and should be focused on the less educated and other vulnerable groups such as farmers and students, as well as those older than 25 years.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Kinley Wangdi
- Department of Global Health, National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health, College of Health and Medicine, Australian National University, Acton, Canberra, ACT 2602, Australia
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