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Bouloukaki I, Tsiligianni I, Stathakis G, Fanaridis M, Koloi A, Bakiri E, Moudatsaki M, Pouladaki E, Schiza S. Sleep Quality and Fatigue during Exam Periods in University Students: Prevalence and Associated Factors. Healthcare (Basel) 2023; 11:2389. [PMID: 37685423 PMCID: PMC10487416 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare11172389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 07/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of our study was to assess university students' sleep quality and fatigue before and during the academic exam period and identify potential associated factors. A Web-based survey was completed by 940 students of 20 different Tertiary Institutions including demographics, sleep habits, exercise, caffeine, tobacco, alcohol use, subjective sleep quality (Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index-PSQI), and fatigue (Fatigue severity scale-FSS) at the beginning of the semester and during the examination period. During the exam period, PSQI (8.9 vs. 6.1, p < 0.001) and FSS scores (36.9 vs. 32.7, p < 0.001) were significantly elevated compared to the pre-exam period. An increase in the PSQI score was associated with age (β = 0.111, p = 0.011), presence of chronic disease (β = 0.914, p = 0.006), and depressive symptoms (β = 0.459, p = 0.001). An increase in the FSS score was associated with female gender (β = 1.658, p < 0.001), age, (β = 0.198, p = 0.010), increase in smoking (β = 1.7, p = 0.029), coffee/energy drinks consumption (β = 1.988, p < 0.001), decreased levels of physical exercise (β = 1.660, p < 0.001), and depressive symptoms (β = 2.526, p < 0.001). In conclusion, our findings indicate that exam periods have a negative impact on the sleep quality and fatigue levels of university students. Potential factors were identified that could contribute to the formulation of strategies for improved sleep quality and wellness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Izolde Bouloukaki
- Department of Social Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Crete, 71500 Heraklion, Greece;
- Sleep Disorders Center, Department of Respiratory Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Crete, 71500 Heraklion, Greece; (G.S.); (M.F.); (A.K.); (E.B.); (M.M.); (E.P.); (S.S.)
| | - Ioanna Tsiligianni
- Department of Social Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Crete, 71500 Heraklion, Greece;
| | - Giorgos Stathakis
- Sleep Disorders Center, Department of Respiratory Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Crete, 71500 Heraklion, Greece; (G.S.); (M.F.); (A.K.); (E.B.); (M.M.); (E.P.); (S.S.)
| | - Michail Fanaridis
- Sleep Disorders Center, Department of Respiratory Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Crete, 71500 Heraklion, Greece; (G.S.); (M.F.); (A.K.); (E.B.); (M.M.); (E.P.); (S.S.)
| | - Athina Koloi
- Sleep Disorders Center, Department of Respiratory Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Crete, 71500 Heraklion, Greece; (G.S.); (M.F.); (A.K.); (E.B.); (M.M.); (E.P.); (S.S.)
| | - Ekaterini Bakiri
- Sleep Disorders Center, Department of Respiratory Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Crete, 71500 Heraklion, Greece; (G.S.); (M.F.); (A.K.); (E.B.); (M.M.); (E.P.); (S.S.)
| | - Maria Moudatsaki
- Sleep Disorders Center, Department of Respiratory Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Crete, 71500 Heraklion, Greece; (G.S.); (M.F.); (A.K.); (E.B.); (M.M.); (E.P.); (S.S.)
| | - Eleptheria Pouladaki
- Sleep Disorders Center, Department of Respiratory Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Crete, 71500 Heraklion, Greece; (G.S.); (M.F.); (A.K.); (E.B.); (M.M.); (E.P.); (S.S.)
| | - Sophia Schiza
- Sleep Disorders Center, Department of Respiratory Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Crete, 71500 Heraklion, Greece; (G.S.); (M.F.); (A.K.); (E.B.); (M.M.); (E.P.); (S.S.)
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Binjabr MA, Alalawi IS, Alzahrani RA, Albalawi OS, Hamzah RH, Ibrahim YS, Buali F, Husni M, BaHammam AS, Vitiello MV, Jahrami H. The Worldwide Prevalence of Sleep Problems Among Medical Students by Problem, Country, and COVID-19 Status: a Systematic Review, Meta-analysis, and Meta-regression of 109 Studies Involving 59427 Participants. CURRENT SLEEP MEDICINE REPORTS 2023; 9:1-19. [PMID: 37359215 PMCID: PMC10238781 DOI: 10.1007/s40675-023-00258-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Abstract Purpose of Review Several studies have found that medical students have a significant prevalence of sleep issues, such as poor sleep quality, excessive daytime sleepiness, and inadequate sleep duration. The purpose of this review is to carefully evaluate the current research on sleep problems among medical students and, as a result, estimate the prevalence of these disturbances. The EMBASE, PsychINFO, PubMed/MEDLINE, ScienceDirect, Scopus, and Web of Science and retrieved article reference lists were rigorously searched and rated for quality. Random effects meta-analysis was performed to compute estimates. Recent Findings The current meta-analysis revealed an alarming estimated pooled prevalence of poor sleep quality (K = 95, N = 54894) of 55.64% [95%CI 51.45%; 59.74%]. A total of 33.32% [95%CI 26.52%; 40.91%] of the students (K = 28, N = 10122) experienced excessive sleepiness during the day. The average sleep duration for medical students (K = 35, N = 18052) is only 6.5 h per night [95%CI 6.24; 6.64], which suggests that at least 30% of them get less sleep than the recommended 7-9 h per night. Summary Sleep issues are common among medical students, making them a genuine problem. Future research should focus on prevention and intervention initiatives aimed at these groups. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s40675-023-00258-5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed A. Binjabr
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Arabian Gulf University, Manama, Bahrain
| | - Idrees S. Alalawi
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Arabian Gulf University, Manama, Bahrain
| | - Rayan A. Alzahrani
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Arabian Gulf University, Manama, Bahrain
| | - Othub S. Albalawi
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Arabian Gulf University, Manama, Bahrain
| | - Rakan H. Hamzah
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Arabian Gulf University, Manama, Bahrain
| | - Yazed S. Ibrahim
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Arabian Gulf University, Manama, Bahrain
| | - Fatima Buali
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Arabian Gulf University, Manama, Bahrain
| | - Mariwan Husni
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Arabian Gulf University, Manama, Bahrain
| | - Ahmed S. BaHammam
- Department of Medicine, University Sleep Disorders Center and Pulmonary Service, King Saud University, KSA, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- The Strategic Technologies Program of the National Plan for Sciences and Technology and Innovation in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Michael V. Vitiello
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, USA
| | - Haitham Jahrami
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Arabian Gulf University, Manama, Bahrain
- Government Hospitals, Manama, Bahrain
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Thabit AK, Alsulami AA. Impact of Sleep Pattern of Pharmacy College Students on Academic Performance. SLEEP AND VIGILANCE 2023; 7:1-5. [PMID: 36683877 PMCID: PMC9838445 DOI: 10.1007/s41782-023-00225-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Purpose Disrupted sleep pattern has shown to impact the mental health of medical sciences students. However, few studies assessed its association with academic performance, and the impact of other factors among pharmacy students. This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between different sleep pattern variables and academic performance among pharmacy students. Methods A cross-sectional study using self-administered survey was distributed to all students at a large pharmacy college in Saudi Arabia between November 2020 and February 2021. The students were asked to answer based on their sleep pattern and academic performance in the previous year of 2019-2020 (before COVID-19 lockdown). Results 237 students completed the survey. Shorter sleeps before exams and taking medicines for insomnia were significantly associated with failing at least one course (adjOR = 0.78 and 3.68; 95% CI 0.63-0.97 and 1.18-11.49; P = 0.028 and 0.025, respectively). As such, for each extra hour of sleep/night on exam nights, there is a 0.22 lower odd of failing at least one course, and taking insomnia medications increases the odds of failing by 3.68 times. Fewer sleep hours were significantly correlated with tiredness upon wake up, daytime sleepiness, and in-class sleepiness (r s = - 0.24, - 0.38, and - 0.24, respectively; P ≤ 0.001 for all correlations). Conclusions Disrupted sleep pattern negatively impacted the academic performance of pharmacy students. Getting sufficient quality sleep, especially before exams, maybe associated with better performance and lower odds of course failures. College administrators should encourage good sleep hygiene to their students and pair the recommendations with evidence on the impact of sleep on academic performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abrar K. Thabit
- Pharmacy Practice Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, 7027 Abdullah Al-Sulaiman Rd, Jeddah, 22254-2265 Saudi Arabia
| | - Abduljawad A. Alsulami
- Pharmacy Practice Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, 7027 Abdullah Al-Sulaiman Rd, Jeddah, 22254-2265 Saudi Arabia
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Ramón-Arbués E, Echániz-Serrano E, Martínez-Abadía B, Antón-Solanas I, Cobos-Rincón A, Santolalla-Arnedo I, Juárez-Vela R, Adam Jerue B. Predictors of the Quality of Life of University Students: A Cross-Sectional Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph191912043. [PMID: 36231345 PMCID: PMC9564890 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191912043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Revised: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Quality of life (QOL) is a complex and multifaceted concept that has been used to study different aspects of people's lives, including physical and psychological wellbeing, financial independence, social relationships, personal beliefs and living situation. In this study, we aimed to assess the QOL of a group of Spanish university students and identify associated factors. METHOD We completed a cross-sectional study of the QOL of 868 university students using the WHOQOL-BREF questionnaire. In addition, data regarding sociodemographic information and self-esteem (Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale), physical activity (International Physical Activity Questionnaire-Short version), diet (Spanish Index of Healthy Eating), alcohol consumption (CAGE questionnaire) and sleep quality (Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index) were collected. RESULTS A total of 66.2% of participants assessed their QOL positively, while 58.8% favorably evaluated their overall health. Students reported the highest scores for the physical health domain of QOL, whereas they gave the lowest scores for the psychological health domain. Age was inversely associated with QOL. Higher self-esteem and satisfaction with academic performance, as well as sleep and diet quality, were directly associated with higher QOL. The physical health domain of QOL was scored more highly by participants who had a healthy body weight or those who reported moderate levels of physical activity. Higher scores in the social relationships domain of QOL were directly linked to alcohol intake, smoking and low body weight in addition to being inversely associated with screen time. The psychological domain of QOL was lower for those who were overweight or lived alone. CONCLUSION Many sociodemographic, academic and behavioral variables are associated with university students' QOL. The present findings underscore the need to direct further initiatives toward identifying and overcoming barriers to increased QOL for university students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrique Ramón-Arbués
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Campus Universitario Villanueva de Gállego, Universidad San Jorge, 50830 Saragossa, Spain
- H27_20D Transfercult, Investigation Group, Aragón, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Emmanuel Echániz-Serrano
- H27_20D Transfercult, Investigation Group, Aragón, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Zaragoza University, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
- Correspondence: (E.E.-S.); (R.J.-V.)
| | - Blanca Martínez-Abadía
- Occupational Health and Prevention Service of the Zaragoza City Council, 50003 Saragossa, Spain
| | | | - Ana Cobos-Rincón
- GRUPAC, Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of La Rioja, 26004 Logroño, Spain
- Biomedical Research Center of La Rioja (CIBIR), 26004 Logroño, Spain
| | - Iván Santolalla-Arnedo
- GRUPAC, Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of La Rioja, 26004 Logroño, Spain
- Biomedical Research Center of La Rioja (CIBIR), 26004 Logroño, Spain
| | - Raúl Juárez-Vela
- GRUPAC, Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of La Rioja, 26004 Logroño, Spain
- Biomedical Research Center of La Rioja (CIBIR), 26004 Logroño, Spain
- Correspondence: (E.E.-S.); (R.J.-V.)
| | - Benjamin Adam Jerue
- Faculty of Communication and Social Sciences, Campus Universitario Villanueva de Gállego, Universidad San Jorge, 50830 Saragossa, Spain
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Saadeh H, Saadeh M, Almobaideen W, Al Refaei A, Shewaikani N, Al Fayez RQ, Khawaldah H, Abu-Shanab S, Al-Hussaini M. Effect of COVID-19 Quarantine on the Sleep Quality and the Depressive Symptom Levels of University Students in Jordan During the Spring of 2020. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:605676. [PMID: 33664681 PMCID: PMC7920987 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.605676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives: This study was designed to assess the effect of COVID-19 home quarantine and its lifestyle challenges on the sleep quality and mental health of a large sample of undergraduate University students in Jordan. It is the first study applied to the Jordanian population. The aim was to investigate how quarantine for several weeks changed the students' habits and affected their mental health. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted using a random representative sample of 6,157 undergraduate students (mean age 19.79 ± 1.67 years, males 28.7%) from the University of Jordan through voluntarily filling an online questionnaire. The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and the Center for Epidemiologic Studies-Depression Scale (CES-D) were used to assess sleep quality and depressive symptoms, respectively. Results: The PSQI mean score for the study participants was 8.1 ± 3.6. The sleep quality of three-quarters of the participants was negatively affected by the extended quarantine. Nearly half of the participants reported poor sleep quality. The prevalence of poor sleep quality among participants was 76% (males: 71.5% and females: 77.8%). Similarly, the prevalence of the depressive symptoms was 71% (34% for moderate and 37% for high depressive symptoms), with females showing higher prevalence than males. The overall mean CES-D score for the group with low depressive symptoms is 9.3, for the moderate group is 19.8, while it is 34.3 for the high depressive symptoms group. More than half of the students (62.5%) reported that the quarantine had a negative effect on their mental health. Finally, females, smokers, and students with decreased income levels during the extended quarantine were the common exposures that are significantly associated with a higher risk of developing sleep disturbances and depressive symptoms. Conclusions: Mass and extended quarantine succeeded in controlling the spread of the COVID-19 virus; however, it comes with a high cost of potential psychological impacts. Most of the students reported that they suffer from sleeping disorders and had a degree of depressive symptoms. Officials should provide psychological support and clear guidance to help the general public to reduce these potential effects and overcome the quarantine period with minimum negative impacts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heba Saadeh
- Computer Science Department, King Abdullah II School of Information Technology Faculty, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Maha Saadeh
- Computer Engineering and Informatics, Middlesex University Dubai, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Wesam Almobaideen
- Computer Science Department, King Abdullah II School of Information Technology Faculty, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan.,Electrical Engineering and Computing Sciences, Rochester Institute of Technology, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | | | | | - Reem Qadan Al Fayez
- Computer Information System Department, King Abdullah II School of Information Technology Faculty, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Hamzah Khawaldah
- Geography Department, School of Arts, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | | | - Maysa Al-Hussaini
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, King Hussein Cancer Center, Amman, Jordan.,Human Research Protection Program Office, King Hussein Cancer Center, Amman, Jordan
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