1
|
Woodward MA, Herzog JM, Verkade A. UV Light Is Not a Toy-Recreational Use and Eye Harm. JAMA Ophthalmol 2024; 142:571-572. [PMID: 38696182 DOI: 10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2024.1119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Maria A Woodward
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor
- Institute for Healthcare Policy and Innovation, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor
| | - Joshua M Herzog
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor
| | - Angela Verkade
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Gupta RK, Alzayed MA, Aba Alkhayl AA, Bedaiwi TS. Effect of Light Sources on Transmittance of Commercially Available Contact Lenses. Cureus 2024; 16:e62093. [PMID: 38989385 PMCID: PMC11236423 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.62093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies have suggested that light rays may interact with contact lenses, potentially affecting their transmittance. AIM This study aimed to investigate the effects of visible and ultraviolet (UV)-A light sources on the transmittance of some commercially available daily, weekly, and monthly contact lenses. METHODS Nine commercially available soft contact lenses were irradiated with a solar simulator, light-emitting diode (LED) source, laser source, and UV-A source. The average transmittance of the tested lenses before and after irradiation in the UV, visible, and infrared light wavelength ranges was determined using an Agilent UV-visible spectrophotometer, model 8453. RESULTS The results showed a partial or complete block of UV transmission at the UV-B region (300 nm) and the UV-A region (355 nm) by the Bio true daily contact lens, as well as the Acuvue Oasys, Avaira, and Biomedics 55 weekly lenses. At the visible region (555 nm), irradiation of the contact lenses by different light sources resulted in reduced light transmittance. At the infrared region (900 nm), the weekly and monthly contact lenses partially blocked infrared transmission, while the daily lenses showed either increased or decreased infrared transmission. CONCLUSIONS Solar and artificial lighting, as well as high-powered lasers, constitute a major concern on the contact lenses' light transmission and optical properties. It is essential to develop soft contact lenses that have photoprotective properties while maintaining visible light transmittance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ravindra K Gupta
- Optometry Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, SAU
| | - Mohammed A Alzayed
- Diagnostic Imaging Department, King Khaled Eye Specialist Hospital, Riyadh, SAU
| | | | - Thafer S Bedaiwi
- Diagnostic Imaging Department, King Khaled Eye Specialist Hospital, Riyadh, SAU
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Lin YS, Lai CC, Liu YC, Kuo SC, Su SB. Changing Incidence and Characteristics of Photokeratoconjunctivitis During the COVID-19 Pandemic. West J Emerg Med 2024; 25:368-373. [PMID: 38801043 PMCID: PMC11112667 DOI: 10.5811/westjem.17882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Photokeratoconjunctivitis (PKC) is primarily caused by welding. However, inappropriate use of germicidal lamps, which have been widely used following the COVID-19 outbreak, can also cause PKC. Our goal in this study was to investigate the incidence of and changes in the causes of PKC during the coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Methods We conducted a single-center, retrospective observational study. The health records of patients who visited the emergency department in a tertiary care hospital from January 1, 2018-December 31, 2021 and were diagnosed with PKC, were reviewed. We then conducted an analysis to compare the characteristics of PKC before and after COVID-19 began and the features of PKC caused by welding and germicidal lamps. Results There were 160 PKC cases with a clear etiology before the COVID-19 pandemic and 147 cases during the COVID-19 pandemic. No significant differences in age and gender were detected between the two groups. The incidence of PKC induced by the use of germicidal lamps during the COVID-19 pandemic was significantly higher (10.2%) than the incidence before the pandemic (3.1%). The ratio of females to males in the germicidal lamp subgroup was significantly higher than the ratio in the welding subgroup. Limitations included incomplete information due to the retrospective nature of the study, underestimation of incidence, and possible recall bias. Conclusion In the era of COVID-19, clinicians should be aware of the hazards of germicidal lamps. Although the COVID-19 pandemic seems to show signs of easing, new infectious diseases that require protective measures could still emerge in the future. Therefore, injuries related to germicidal lamps deserve more public health attention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Shiuan Lin
- Chi Mei Medical Center, Department of Ophthalmology, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Cheng Lai
- Chi Mei Medical Center, Division of Hospital Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chang Liu
- Chi Mei Medical Center, Department of Emergency Medicine, Tainan, Taiwan
- National Cheng Kung University, College of Medicine, Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Chun Kuo
- Chi Mei Medical Center, Department of Ophthalmology, Tainan, Taiwan
- Chung Hwa University of Medical Technology, Department of Optometry, Jen-Teh, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Bin Su
- Chi Mei Medical Center, Department of Occupational Medicine, Tainan, Taiwan
- Chi Mei Medical Center, Department of Family Medicine, Tainan, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Li SY, Xue RY, Wu H, Pu N, Wei D, Zhao N, Song ZM, Tao Y. Novel Role of Molecular Hydrogen: The End of Ophthalmic Diseases? Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:1567. [PMID: 38004433 PMCID: PMC10674431 DOI: 10.3390/ph16111567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Molecular hydrogen (H2) is a colorless, odorless, and tasteless gas which displays non-toxic features at high concentrations. H2 can alleviate oxidative damage, reduce inflammatory reactions and inhibit apoptosis cascades, thereby inducing protective and repairing effects on cells. H2 can be transported into the body in the form of H2 gas, hydrogen-rich water (HRW), hydrogen-rich saline (HRS) or H2 produced by intestinal bacteria. Accumulating evidence suggest that H2 is protective against multiple ophthalmic diseases, including cataracts, dry eye disease, diabetic retinopathy (DR) and other fields. In particular, H2 has been tested in the treatment of dry eye disease and corneal endothelial injury in clinical practice. This medical gas has brought hope to patients suffering from blindness. Although H2 has demonstrated promising therapeutic potentials and broad application prospects, further large-scale studies involving more patients are still needed to determine its optimal application mode and dosage. In this paper, we have reviewed the basic characteristics of H2, and its therapeutic effects in ophthalmic diseases. We also focus on the latest progress in the administration approaches and mechanisms underlying these benefits.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Zong-Ming Song
- Henan Eye Institute, Henan Eye Hospital, People’s Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, Zhengzhou 450003, China
| | - Ye Tao
- Henan Eye Institute, Henan Eye Hospital, People’s Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, Zhengzhou 450003, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Jones L, Efron N, Bandamwar K, Barnett M, Jacobs DS, Jalbert I, Pult H, Rhee MK, Sheardown H, Shovlin JP, Stahl U, Stanila A, Tan J, Tavazzi S, Ucakhan OO, Willcox MDP, Downie LE. TFOS Lifestyle: Impact of contact lenses on the ocular surface. Ocul Surf 2023; 29:175-219. [PMID: 37149139 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtos.2023.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Several lifestyle choices made by contact lens wearers can have adverse consequences on ocular health. These include being non-adherent to contact lens care, sleeping in lenses, ill-advised purchasing options, not seeing an eyecare professional for regular aftercare visits, wearing lenses when feeling unwell, wearing lenses too soon after various forms of ophthalmic surgery, and wearing lenses when engaged in risky behaviors (e.g., when using tobacco, alcohol or recreational drugs). Those with a pre-existing compromised ocular surface may find that contact lens wear exacerbates ocular disease morbidity. Conversely, contact lenses may have various therapeutic benefits. The coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic impinged upon the lifestyle of contact lens wearers, introducing challenges such as mask-associated dry eye, contact lens discomfort with increased use of digital devices, inadvertent exposure to hand sanitizers, and reduced use of lenses. Wearing contact lenses in challenging environments, such as in the presence of dust and noxious chemicals, or where there is the possibility of ocular trauma (e.g., sport or working with tools) can be problematic, although in some instances lenses can be protective. Contact lenses can be worn for sport, theatre, at high altitude, driving at night, in the military and in space, and special considerations are required when prescribing in such situations to ensure successful outcomes. A systematic review and meta-analysis, incorporated within the review, identified that the influence of lifestyle factors on soft contact lens dropout remains poorly understood, and is an area in need of further research. Overall, this report investigated lifestyle-related choices made by clinicians and contact lens wearers and discovered that when appropriate lifestyle choices are made, contact lens wear can enhance the quality of life of wearers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lyndon Jones
- Centre for Ocular Research & Education (CORE), School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada.
| | - Nathan Efron
- School of Optometry and Vision Science, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove, Queensland, Australia
| | - Kalika Bandamwar
- Department of Ophthalmology, New Zealand National Eye Centre, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Melissa Barnett
- University of California, Davis Eye Center, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Deborah S Jacobs
- Massachusetts Eye & Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Isabelle Jalbert
- School of Optometry and Vision Science, UNSW Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Heiko Pult
- Dr Heiko Pult Optometry & Vision Research, Weinheim, Germany
| | | | - Heather Sheardown
- Department of Chemical Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Ulli Stahl
- Centre for Ocular Research & Education (CORE), School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
| | | | - Jacqueline Tan
- School of Optometry and Vision Science, UNSW Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Silvia Tavazzi
- Department of Materials Science, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Mark D P Willcox
- School of Optometry and Vision Science, UNSW Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Laura E Downie
- Department of Optometry and Vision Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Chen KKW, Hsieh SMT, Chang HH, Lin DPC. Diagnosis of Photokeratitis by Tear Ferning Using a Novel Set of SK Grading Criteria in a UVB-Induced Mouse Model. Transl Vis Sci Technol 2023; 12:25. [PMID: 37367718 DOI: 10.1167/tvst.12.6.25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Current ocular surface diagnostic methods may not totally meet and implement the clinical demands for early and precise treatments. The tear ferning (TF) test has been known as a quick, simple, and inexpensive procedure. This study aimed to validate the TF test as an alternative method for early determination of photokeratitis status. Methods The tear sample was collected from the UVB-induced photokeratitis eyes and processed for TF formation. The TF patterns were graded by both the Masmali and a Sophie-Kevin (SK) grading criteria, a new set of criteria modified from the Masmali grading, for differential diagnoses. In addition, the TF test results were correlated with three clinical ocular surface indicators, including tear volume (TV), tear film break-up time (TBUT), and cornea staining, to evaluate the diagnostic capacity. Results Differential diagnosis between the normal and the photokeratitis status was achieved by the TF test. The SK grading reflected earlier photokeratitis status than the Masmali grading criteria. The TF results were strongly correlated with the three clinical ocular surface indicators, particularly for the TBUT and cornea staining. Conclusions The TF test was proven to have a capacity to distinguish photokeratitis from the normal status at an early stage by using the SK grading criteria. It is therefore potentially useful for photokeratitis diagnosis in the clinical settings. Translational Relevance The TF test may fulfill the demands of precise and early diagnosis to facilitate in time the intervention for photokeratitis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Kai-Wen Chen
- Department of Medical Laboratory and Biotechnology, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Sophie Meng-Tien Hsieh
- Department of Medical Laboratory and Biotechnology, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Han-Hsin Chang
- Department of Nutrition, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - David Pei-Cheng Lin
- Department of Medical Laboratory and Biotechnology, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Rauchman SH, Locke B, Albert J, De Leon J, Peltier MR, Reiss AB. Toxic External Exposure Leading to Ocular Surface Injury. Vision (Basel) 2023; 7:vision7020032. [PMID: 37092465 PMCID: PMC10123707 DOI: 10.3390/vision7020032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/01/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The surface of the eye is directly exposed to the external environment, protected only by a thin tear film, and may therefore be damaged by contact with ambient particulate matter, liquids, aerosols, or vapors. In the workplace or home, the eye is subject to accidental or incidental exposure to cleaning products and pesticides. Organic matter may enter the eye and cause infection. Ocular surface damage can trigger a range of symptoms such as itch, discharge, hyperemia, photophobia, blurred vision, and foreign body sensation. Toxin exposure can be assessed clinically in multiple ways, including via measurement of tear production, slit-lamp examination, corneal staining, and conjunctival staining. At the cellular level, environmental toxins can cause oxidative damage, apoptosis of corneal and conjunctival cells, cell senescence, and impaired motility. Outcomes range from transient and reversible with complete healing to severe and sight-compromising structural changes. Classically, evaluation of tolerance and safety was carried out using live animal testing; however, new in vitro and computer-based, in silico modes are superseding the gold standard Draize test. This review examines how environmental features such as pollutants, temperature, and seasonality affect the ocular surface. Chemical burns to the eye are considered, and approaches to protect the ocular surface are detailed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Brandon Locke
- Department of Medicine and Biomedical Research Institute, NYU Long Island School of Medicine, Mineola, NY 11501, USA
| | - Jacqueline Albert
- Department of Medicine and Biomedical Research Institute, NYU Long Island School of Medicine, Mineola, NY 11501, USA
| | - Joshua De Leon
- Department of Medicine and Biomedical Research Institute, NYU Long Island School of Medicine, Mineola, NY 11501, USA
| | - Morgan R. Peltier
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, Jersey Shore University Medical Center, Neptune, NJ 07753, USA
| | - Allison B. Reiss
- Department of Medicine and Biomedical Research Institute, NYU Long Island School of Medicine, Mineola, NY 11501, USA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Kumar A, Raj A, Gupta A, Gautam S, Kumar M, Bherwani H, Anshul A. Pollution free UV-C radiation to mitigate COVID-19 transmission. GONDWANA RESEARCH : INTERNATIONAL GEOSCIENCE JOURNAL 2023; 114:78-86. [PMID: 35936028 PMCID: PMC9345658 DOI: 10.1016/j.gr.2022.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The high rate of transmission of the COVID-19 virus has brought various types of disinfection techniques, for instance, hydrogen peroxide vaporization, microwave generating steam, UV radiation, and dry heating, etc. to prevent the further transmission of the virus. The chemical-based techniques are predominantly used for sanitization of hands, buildings, hospitals, etc. However, these chemicals may affect the health of humans and the environment in unexplored aspects. Furthermore, the UV lamp-based radiation sanitization technique had been applied but has not gained larger acceptability owing to its limitation to penetrate different materials. Therefore, the optical properties of materials are especially important for the utilization of UV light on such disinfection applications. The germicidal or microorganism inactivation application of UV-C has only been in-use in a closed chamber, due to its harmful effect on human skin and the eye. However, it is essential to optimize UV for its use in an open environment for a larger benefit to mitigate the virus spread. In view of this, far UV-C (222 nm) based technology has emerged as a potential option for the sanitization in open areas and degradation of microorganisms present in aerosol during the working conditions. Hence, in the present review article, efforts have been made to evaluate the technical aspects of UV (under the different spectrum and wavelength ranges) and the control of COVID 19 virus spread in the atmosphere including the possibilities of the human body sanitization in working condition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ashutosh Kumar
- CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (CSIR-NEERI), Nagpur 440020, India
| | - Abhishek Raj
- CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (CSIR-NEERI), Nagpur 440020, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Ankit Gupta
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
- CSIR-NEERI, Delhi Zonal Centre, Naraina Industrial Area, New Delhi 110028, India
| | - Sneha Gautam
- Karunya Institute of Technology and Sciences, Karunya Nagar, Coimbatore 641114, India
| | - Manish Kumar
- Experimental Research Laboratory, Department of Physics, ARSD College, University of Delhi, New Delhi 110021, India
| | - Hemant Bherwani
- CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (CSIR-NEERI), Nagpur 440020, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Avneesh Anshul
- CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (CSIR-NEERI), Nagpur 440020, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Chawda D, Shinde P. Effects of Solar Radiation on the Eyes. Cureus 2022; 14:e30857. [DOI: 10.7759/cureus.30857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
|
10
|
Chen X, Yang J, Li M, Zhu S, Zhao M, Yang C, Liu B, Gao H, Lu A, Ge L, Mo L, Gu Z, Xu H. Fullerenol protects cornea from ultraviolet B exposure. Redox Biol 2022; 54:102360. [PMID: 35690049 PMCID: PMC9190064 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2022.102360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2022] [Revised: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The eyes are highly susceptible to the oxidative stress induced by ultraviolet B (UVB, wavelength between 280 ∼ 320 nm), which could cause severe damage to the cornea. Fullerenols are effective antioxidants to alleviate UVB-induced injury, while their application for the eyes is still rare. In present study, we investigated the protective performance and mechanism of fullerenols on cornea under UVB radiation in vivo and in vitro. The synthesized fullerenols exhibited broad-spectrum free radical scavenging properties (applicable to both reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS)) and photo-stability. When compared with another widely used antioxidant glutathione (GSH), the administration of fullerenols markedly decreased the injured area, corneal edema, cell death, and increased the cell proliferation in UVB-induced rat cornea. The effects of fullerenols were confirmed in UVB-exposed human corneal epithelial cells (hCECs), where elevated cell viability and proliferation, decreased oxidative free radical production, repaired mitochondrial dysfunction and DNA lesions were observed. RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) analysis demonstrated that fullerenol alleviated UVB-induced corneal injury through down-regulation of oxidative stress-related genes and up-regulation of proliferation-associated genes. Our results demonstrate the suitability of fullerenols as a potential exogenous treatment in ameliorating UVB-induced cornea damage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xia Chen
- Southwest Eye Hospital, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China; Key Lab of Visual Damage and Regeneration & Restoration of Chongqing, Southwest Eye Hospital, Southwest Hospital, Chongqing, 400038, China; Clinical Medical Research Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Junling Yang
- Southwest Eye Hospital, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China; Key Lab of Visual Damage and Regeneration & Restoration of Chongqing, Southwest Eye Hospital, Southwest Hospital, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Minghui Li
- Southwest Eye Hospital, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China; Key Lab of Visual Damage and Regeneration & Restoration of Chongqing, Southwest Eye Hospital, Southwest Hospital, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Shuang Zhu
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety and CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Institute of High Energy Physics and National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China; College of Materials Science and Optoelectronic Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Maoru Zhao
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety and CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Institute of High Energy Physics and National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China; College of Materials Science and Optoelectronic Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Cao Yang
- Southwest Eye Hospital, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China; Key Lab of Visual Damage and Regeneration & Restoration of Chongqing, Southwest Eye Hospital, Southwest Hospital, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Bo Liu
- Southwest Eye Hospital, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China; Key Lab of Visual Damage and Regeneration & Restoration of Chongqing, Southwest Eye Hospital, Southwest Hospital, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Hui Gao
- Southwest Eye Hospital, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China; Key Lab of Visual Damage and Regeneration & Restoration of Chongqing, Southwest Eye Hospital, Southwest Hospital, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Ao Lu
- Southwest Eye Hospital, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China; Key Lab of Visual Damage and Regeneration & Restoration of Chongqing, Southwest Eye Hospital, Southwest Hospital, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Lingling Ge
- Southwest Eye Hospital, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China; Key Lab of Visual Damage and Regeneration & Restoration of Chongqing, Southwest Eye Hospital, Southwest Hospital, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Lingyue Mo
- Southwest Eye Hospital, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China; Key Lab of Visual Damage and Regeneration & Restoration of Chongqing, Southwest Eye Hospital, Southwest Hospital, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Zhanjun Gu
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety and CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Institute of High Energy Physics and National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China; College of Materials Science and Optoelectronic Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
| | - Haiwei Xu
- Southwest Eye Hospital, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China; Key Lab of Visual Damage and Regeneration & Restoration of Chongqing, Southwest Eye Hospital, Southwest Hospital, Chongqing, 400038, China.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Combined Treatment with Cryptocaryone and Ultraviolet C Promotes Antiproliferation and Apoptosis of Oral Cancer Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23062981. [PMID: 35328402 PMCID: PMC8950770 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23062981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Revised: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Cryptocaryone (CPC) was previously reported as preferential for killing natural products in oral cancer cells. However, its radiosensitizing potential combined with ultraviolet C (UVC) cell killing of oral cancer cells remains unclear. This study evaluates the combined anti-proliferation effect and clarifies the mechanism of combined UVC/CPC effects on oral cancer cells. UVC/CPC shows higher anti-proliferation than individual and control treatments in a low cytotoxic environment on normal oral cells. Mechanistically, combined UVC/CPC generates high levels of reactive oxygen species and induces mitochondrial dysfunction by generating mitochondrial superoxide, increasing mitochondrial mass and causing the potential destruction of the mitochondrial membrane compared to individual treatments. Moreover, combined UVC/CPC causes higher G2/M arrest and triggers apoptosis, with greater evidence of cell cycle disturbance, annexin V, pancaspase, caspases 3/7 expression or activity in oral cancer cells than individual treatments. Western blotting further indicates that UVC/CPC induces overexpression for cleaved types of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase and caspase 3 more than individual treatments. Additionally, UVC/CPC highly induces γH2AX and 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine adducts as DNA damage in oral cancer cells. Taken together, CPC shows a radiosensitizing anti-proliferation effect on UVC irradiated oral cancer cells with combined effects through oxidative stress, apoptosis and DNA damage.
Collapse
|
12
|
Kim H, Shin Y, Kim DH. Mechanobiological Implications of Cancer Progression in Space. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:740009. [PMID: 34957091 PMCID: PMC8692837 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.740009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The human body is normally adapted to maintain homeostasis in a terrestrial environment. The novel conditions of a space environment introduce challenges that changes the cellular response to its surroundings. Such an alteration causes physical changes in the extracellular microenvironment, inducing the secretion of cytokines such as interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor growth factor-β (TGF-β) from cancer cells to enhance cancer malignancy. Cancer is one of the most prominent cell types to be affected by mechanical cues via active interaction with the tumor microenvironment. However, the mechanism by which cancer cells mechanotransduce in the space environment, as well as the influence of this process on human health, have not been fully elucidated. Due to the growing interest in space biology, this article reviews cancer cell responses to the representative conditions altered in space: microgravity, decompression, and irradiation. Interestingly, cytokine and gene expression that assist in tumor survival, invasive phenotypic transformation, and cancer cell proliferation are upregulated when exposed to both simulated and actual space conditions. The necessity of further research on space mechanobiology such as simulating more complex in vivo experiments or finding other mechanical cues that may be encountered during spaceflight are emphasized.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hyondeog Kim
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yun Shin
- Division of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Dong-Hwee Kim
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Integrative Energy Engineering, College of Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Tesfai B, Kebede S, Kibreab F, Fessehatsion K, Asmelash S, Guelay Y. Prevalence of Solar Keratopathy, Pterygium and Cataract in the Islands of Northern Red Sea Zone, Eritrea: Cross-Sectional Study, 2021. Clin Ophthalmol 2021; 15:2983-2991. [PMID: 34285465 PMCID: PMC8286131 DOI: 10.2147/opth.s321413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Everybody is exposed to ultraviolet radiation and the natural source of ultraviolet radiation is sunlight. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of solar keratopathy, pterygium and cataract and further to evaluate other factors that cause blindness to the inhabitants of the Northern Red Sea Zone islands of Eritrea. Methods It was a community-based cross-sectional study of all people aged 40 years and above, with a census sampling method. Study participants were screened for presence of solar keratopathy and other ocular diseases, and data were collected by a checklist from March 20 to April 20, 2021. Data were entered on an Excel sheet and transported to SPSS version 21. Results were presented with frequencies and percentages and chi-squared bivariable analysis was carried. P-value less than 0.05 was considered significant. Results The prevalence of solar keratopathy and cataract was 19.6% and 15.8%, respectively. Pterygium (40%) and pinguecula (32.1%) were also commonly found in the community. Participants aged 70 years and above (P<0.001), fishermen (P<0.001), housewife (P<0.001) and females (P<0.001) had a higher rate of blindness. The prevalence of solar keratopathy was higher with increased age and work experience (P<0.001). Fishermen and housewives had higher rates of solar keratopathy (44.6%) and cataract (30.2%), respectively, (P<0.001). Respondents aged 40 to 49 years had the highest prevalence of pterygium (44.1%) and pinguecula (39.1%) (P<0.001). Conclusion The prevalence of solar keratopathy, cataract, pterygium and pinguecula was high in the community. Fishermen with increased work experience were having the highest prevalence of blindness and solar keratopathy. Age, occupation, work experience, sex, vision problems and history of eye operations had showed significant association with visual acuity, solar keratopathy, cataract, pterygium, and pinguecula. Community awareness about the preventive aspects of these diseases is highly recommended.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Berhe Tesfai
- Ministry of Health, Northern Red Sea Zone, Massawa Hospital, Massawa, Eritrea
| | - Samuel Kebede
- Ministry of Health, Northern Red Sea Zone, Massawa Hospital, Massawa, Eritrea
| | - Fitsum Kibreab
- Ministry of Health, Health Research and Resources Center Division, Asmara, Eritrea
| | - Kahsay Fessehatsion
- Ophthalmologist, Ministry of Health, Berhan Ayni National Referral Hospital, Asmara, Eritrea
| | - Sium Asmelash
- Ministry of Health, Medical Service Division, Northern Red Sea Zone, Massawa, Eritrea
| | - Yohannes Guelay
- Ministry of Health, Medical Service Division, Northern Red Sea Zone, Massawa, Eritrea
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Sengillo JD, Kunkler AL, Medert C, Fowler B, Shoji M, Pirakitikulr N, Patel N, Yannuzzi NA, Verkade AJ, Miller D, Sliney DH, Parel JM, Amescua G. UV-Photokeratitis Associated with Germicidal Lamps Purchased during the COVID-19 Pandemic. Ocul Immunol Inflamm 2020; 29:76-80. [PMID: 33215961 DOI: 10.1080/09273948.2020.1834587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To report photokeratitis caused by the improper use of germicidal lamps purchased during the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS Case series. RESULTS Seven patients presented with acute ocular surface pain after exposure to UV-emitting germicidal lamps. Visual acuity was 20/30 or better in 13 of 14 eyes (93%). Anterior segment examination revealed varying degrees of conjunctival injection and diffusely distributed punctate epithelial erosions (PEEs) in every patient. No intraocular inflammation was identified across the cohort and all fundus examinations were normal. Treatment varied by provider and included artificial tears alone or in combination with antibiotic ointments and/or topical steroids. Five patients were followed via telehealth, one patient returned for an in-office visit, and one patient was lost to follow-up. Five of six patients endorsed complete resolution of symptoms within 2-3 days. CONCLUSIONS Patients should follow manufacturer recommendations when using UV-emitting germicidal lamps and avoid direct exposure to the ocular surface.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jesse D Sengillo
- Department of Ophthalmology, Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Anne L Kunkler
- Department of Ophthalmology, Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Charles Medert
- Department of Ophthalmology, Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Benjamin Fowler
- Department of Ophthalmology, Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Marissa Shoji
- Department of Ophthalmology, Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Nathan Pirakitikulr
- Department of Ophthalmology, Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Nimesh Patel
- Department of Ophthalmology, Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Nicolas A Yannuzzi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Angela J Verkade
- Department of Ophthalmology, Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Darlene Miller
- Department of Ophthalmology, Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - David H Sliney
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Johns Hopkins School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Jean-Marie Parel
- Department of Ophthalmology, Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Guillermo Amescua
- Department of Ophthalmology, Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Buch J, Hammond B. Photobiomodulation of the Visual System and Human Health. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21218020. [PMID: 33126530 PMCID: PMC7662260 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21218020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 10/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Humans express an expansive and detailed response to wavelength differences within the electromagnetic (EM) spectrum. This is most clearly manifest, and most studied, with respect to a relatively small range of electromagnetic radiation that includes the visible wavelengths with abutting ultraviolet and infrared, and mostly with respect to the visual system. Many aspects of our biology, however, respond to wavelength differences over a wide range of the EM spectrum. Further, humans are now exposed to a variety of modern lighting situations that has, effectively, increased our exposure to wavelengths that were once likely minimal (e.g., “blue” light from devices at night). This paper reviews some of those biological effects with a focus on visual function and to a lesser extent, other body systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- John Buch
- Johnson & Johnson Vision, Research & Development, Jacksonville, FL 32256, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-904-443-1707
| | - Billy Hammond
- Department of Psychology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA;
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Deng Y, Zhang C, Zheng Y, Li R, Hua H, Lu Y, Gurram N, Chen R, OuYang N, Zhang S, Liu Y, Hu L. Effect of Protective Measures on Eye Exposure to Solar Ultraviolet Radiation. Photochem Photobiol 2020; 97:205-212. [PMID: 32875566 DOI: 10.1111/php.13327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
In this study, ocular biologically effective exposure to solar ultraviolet radiation (UVBE) is investigated with six kinds of sun protective measures (spectacle lenses, sunglasses, cap, bonnet, straw hat and under parasol). Ocular UV exposure measurements were performed on manikins during the summer period in Shenyang city (41.64° N, 123.50° E, 66 m a.s.l.), China. The measurements include the ocular UV exposure of an unprotected eye and the ambient UV as a control concurrently. Based on the relative spectral weighting factors of the International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection (ICNIRP), the ocular biologically effective UV is calculated and compared with the 8-h exposure limits of ICNIRP (30 J m-2 ). The UV index (UVI) of the measurement days is 0-8, and the 8-h (8:00-16:00 China Standard Time, CST) cumulated UVBE of the unprotected eye is 452.0 J m-2 . The 8-h cumulated UVBE of the eye with spectacle lenses, sunglasses, cap, bonnet, straw hat and under parasol are 364.2, 69.1, 51.4, 49.0, 56.8 and 110.2 J m-2 , respectively. Importantly, it should be noted that the eye could be exposed to risk despite protective measures. The 8-h cumulated UVBE of the eye with protection is ca 1.6-15.1 times the exposure limit, respectively. As indicated in the present study, during summer months, high exposure to the sun for more than 30 min without eye protection and more than 1 h with eye protection is not advisable. The protection measures could effectively reduce the UVBE reaching the eye, yet there is still a high degree of risk when compared with the ICNIRP 8-h exposure limits.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Deng
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Chuan Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Environmental and Health risk Assessment, Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yang Zheng
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang, China
| | - Rui Li
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Environmental and Health risk Assessment, Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hui Hua
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yingjie Lu
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Environmental and Health risk Assessment, Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Namratha Gurram
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Environmental and Health risk Assessment, Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University at Albany, State University of New York, Rensselaer, NY.,Department of Epidemiology and Biostatics, University at Albany, State University of New York, Rensselaer, NY
| | - Rentong Chen
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - NanNing OuYang
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Environmental and Health risk Assessment, Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Health Inspection and Supervision Institute of Guangzhou Railway Bureau, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shumin Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Environmental and Health risk Assessment, Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Liwen Hu
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Environmental and Health risk Assessment, Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Rubeshkumar PC, Manickam P, Anandhi D, Senthil Kumar S, Rita Hepsi Rani M, Premkumar B, Karumana Gounder K. An outbreak of bilateral photokeratitis among an indoor school event attendees attributable to unshielded mercury vapour and metal halide lights, Eruvadi village, Tirunelveli, Tamil Nadu, South India, 2018. CLINICAL EPIDEMIOLOGY AND GLOBAL HEALTH 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cegh.2019.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
|
18
|
Pain, Dryness, and Itch Sensations in Eye Surface Disorders Are Defined By a Balance Between Inflammation and Sensory Nerve Injury. Cornea 2019; 38 Suppl 1:S11-S24. [DOI: 10.1097/ico.0000000000002116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
|
19
|
Isser M, Kranebitter H, Kühn E, Lederer W. High-energy visible light transparency and ultraviolet ray transmission of metallized rescue sheets. Sci Rep 2019; 9:11208. [PMID: 31371746 PMCID: PMC6671957 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-47418-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2019] [Accepted: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Metallized rescue sheets are essential components in first aid boxes and professional emergency equipment for provision of thermal insulation. We investigated the transparency for visual light and the transmission of ultraviolet radiation and high-energy visible light in the violet/blue band of rescue sheets under laboratory conditions to evaluate the potential of blocking solar radiation during outdoor activities. An experimental study was performed using two commercially available brands of rescue sheets. Transmission of visible light and ultraviolet light was assessed by optometry. Single-layer transparency for visible light was between 1% and 8%. Transmission for high-energy visible light in the violet/blue band and ultraviolet A rays was between 1% and 13% for the single layer and between 0% and 3% for the double layer of the rescue sheets. Transmission for ultraviolet B rays afforded by each tested rescue sheet brand was between 0% and 1% for the single layer. Double-layer rescue sheets blocked 100% of ultraviolet B radiation. In conclusion, single layer rescue sheets were sufficiently permeable for visible light and diminished transmission for ultraviolet radiation and high-energy visible light in the violet/blue band to potentially protect from solar radiation if used for facial protection and as makeshift sun googles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Markus Isser
- Medical Division, Mountain Rescue Tyrol, Telfs, 6410, Austria
| | - Hannah Kranebitter
- Medical Division, Mountain Rescue Tyrol, Telfs, 6410, Austria.,Medical University of Innsbruck, Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Innsbruck, 6020, Austria
| | - Erich Kühn
- Private Polytechnic Institute of the State of Tyrol - College of Optometry, Hall, 6060, Austria
| | - Wolfgang Lederer
- Medical University of Innsbruck, Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Innsbruck, 6020, Austria.
| |
Collapse
|