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Mehboodi F, Zamanzadeh V, Rahmani A, Dianat I, Shabanloie R. Occupational safety and health of nurses during the COVID-19 pandemic, the missing part of quality care: a qualitative study. BMJ Open 2024; 14:e083863. [PMID: 38858154 PMCID: PMC11168139 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2024-083863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study explored the consequences of COVID-19 on the occupational safety and health of nurses. DESIGN Qualitative conventional content analysis. PARTICIPANTS 14 nurses selected by purposeful sampling method. SETTING Five educational and non-educational hospitals in the Northwest of Iran. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Semistructured interviews were used for data collection and analysed using conventional content analysis. RESULTS Two main categories have emerged from the data: reduced quality of professional life and post-traumatic growth. Reduced quality of professional life, which has two subcategories including job dissatisfaction and burnout, has a negative nature, and has had many negative effects on the physical, mental and well-being of nursing personnel during the coronavirus era. On the other hand, post-traumatic growth, with two subcategories that include promoting safe behaviour and gaining a positive self-concept, has a positive nature. CONCLUSIONS Maintaining the occupational health and safety of nurses plays an important role in providing quality services to patients. Therefore, it is necessary for managers and policymakers to use the experiences related to the COVID-19 crisis, to prevent negative factors and strengthen positive factors, to maintain the safety and occupational health of nurses, and increase the quality of care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farkhondeh Mehboodi
- Medical-Surgical Nursing, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran (the Islamic Republic of)
| | - Vahid Zamanzadeh
- Medical-Surgical Nursing, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Tabriz, Iran (the Islamic Republic of)
- Medical-Surgical, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences School of Nursing and Midwifery, Tehran, Iran (the Islamic Republic of)
| | - Azad Rahmani
- Medical-Surgical Nursing, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran (the Islamic Republic of)
| | - Iman Dianat
- Occupational Health, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz, Iran (the Islamic Republic of)
| | - Reza Shabanloie
- Medical-Surgical Nursing, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran (the Islamic Republic of)
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Dasdelen MF, Caglayan AB, Er S, Beker MC, Ates N, Gronewold J, Doeppner TR, Hermann DM, Kilic E. Social isolation initiated post-weaning augments ischemic brain injury by promoting pro-inflammatory responses. Exp Neurol 2024; 375:114729. [PMID: 38365135 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2024.114729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Abstract
Social isolation is associated with poor stroke outcome, but the underlying molecular mechanisms were largely unknown. In male Balb/C mice exposed to transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAo), we examined the effects of social isolation initiated post-weaning on ischemic injury, cytokine/chemokine responses and cell signaling using a broad panel of techniques that involved immunocytochemistry, cytokine/chemokine array and Western blots. Social isolation initiated post-weaning elevated infarct size, brain edema and neuronal injury in the ischemic brain tissue 3 days after MCAo, and increased microglia/ macrophage and leukocyte accumulation. In line with the increased immune cell recruitment, levels of several proinflammatory cytokines (e.g., IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-13, IL-17, TNF-α, IFN-γ), chemokines (e.g., CCL3, CCL4, CCL12, CXCL2, CXCL9, CXCL12) and adhesion molecules (i.e., ICAM-1) were increased in the ischemic brain tissue of socially isolated compared with paired housing mice, whereas levels of selected cytokines (IL-5, IL-6, IL-16) and colony-stimulating factors (G-CSF, GM-CSF) were reduced. The activity of the transcription factor nuclear factor-ĸB (NF-ĸB), which promotes cell injury via pro-inflammatory responses, was increased by social isolation, whereas that of nuclear factor erythroid related factor-2 (Nrf-2), which mediates anti-oxidative responses under oxidative stress conditions, was reduced. Our study shows that social isolation profoundly alters post-ischemic cell signaling in a way promoting pro-inflammatory responses. Our results highlight the importance of social support in preventing deleterious health effects of social isolation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammed Furkan Dasdelen
- International School of Medicine, Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey; Research Institute for Health Sciences and Technologies, Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Burak Caglayan
- Research Institute for Health Sciences and Technologies, Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey; Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Sezgin Er
- International School of Medicine, Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey; Research Institute for Health Sciences and Technologies, Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Caglar Beker
- Research Institute for Health Sciences and Technologies, Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey; Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Nilay Ates
- Research Institute for Health Sciences and Technologies, Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey; Department of Molecular Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Janine Gronewold
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Essen, University of Duisburg-, Essen, Germany
| | | | - Dirk M Hermann
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Essen, University of Duisburg-, Essen, Germany
| | - Ertugrul Kilic
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul Medeniyet University, Istanbul, Turkey.
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Magalhães AC, Pandeirada JNS, Soares SC. The impact of COVID-19 concerns on perceiving others' faces. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGY 2024; 59:96-103. [PMID: 37848342 DOI: 10.1002/ijop.12952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023]
Abstract
Unlike most infectious diseases, COVID-19 is characterised by an absence of facial disease-signalling cues. Yet, it is still unclear whether it has influenced face perception. Understanding this may help clarify if and how our motivation toward social interactions is conditional on situational pathogen threats. The present study investigated if priming disease concerns about COVID-19 would change people's perception of neutral faces on perceived disease, social discomfort and arousal elicited by such faces; this condition was compared with other infectious/non-infectious diseases and a non-disease priming condition. One-hundred sixty-six participants recruited nationally performed the online task. When compared with the non-disease condition, participants primed for COVID-19 perceived faces as sicker and tended to view them as eliciting more social discomfort; no difference occurred in arousal. No other difference was found between conditions. These findings suggest that the pandemic context can shape how we perceive others' apparent sickness. Overall, these might reflect adaptations intertwined with the behavioural immune system's defence mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana C Magalhães
- William James Center for Research, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Josefa N S Pandeirada
- William James Center for Research, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Sandra C Soares
- William James Center for Research, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
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Schoeps K, Tamarit A, De la Barrera U, Lacomba-Trejo L, Montoya-Castilla I. Social and Psychological Effects of COVID-19 Pandemic on Adolescents' and Young Adults' Mental Health: A Cross-Cultural Mediation Study. Psychol Rep 2023; 126:2729-2756. [PMID: 35531784 PMCID: PMC9098395 DOI: 10.1177/00332941221100451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The ongoing pandemic has dramatically disrupted daily life, increasing the risk of developing psychiatric disorders and poor mental wellbeing. The compound effects of social, political and psychological stressors have increased psychological symptoms among adolescents and young people, with worries about COVID-19 playing a central role in the clinical course of their mental health problems caused by the pandemic. The aim of this cross-cultural study was to examine the social psychological effects of COVID-19 on adolescents' and young people's mental health and wellbeing in Ibero-American population. Participants involved 6,283 adolescents and young adults from five different Spanish-Speaking countries (83.7% female) aged between 12 and 30 years (M = 18.79; SD = 3.48). Participants completed the Worries about COVID-19 and its Consequences Scale (W-COV), the Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS), and the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS-21). Descriptive analyses, multivariate ANOVAs and Pearson correlations were performed, as well as Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) testing a mediational model. The results indicate cross-cultural difference in COVID-19 related worries, emotional symptoms and life satisfaction. Results from SEM confirmed the overall indirect effects of COVID-19 cases, political response and participants' conditions during lockdown on depression, anxiety, stress and life satisfaction mediated by COVID-19 related worries. These findings suggest that the social psychological factors underlying psychological symptoms could be partly explained by increased worries about COVID-19 and its personal, social, economic and political consequences, which may offer guidance to policy makers and health services for safeguarding youth mental well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstanze Schoeps
- Department of Personality, Psychological Assessment
and Treatment, Universitat de València, Valencia,
Spain
| | - Alicia Tamarit
- Department of Personality, Psychological Assessment
and Treatment, Universitat de València, Valencia,
Spain
| | - Usue De la Barrera
- Department of Personality, Psychological Assessment
and Treatment, Universitat de València, Valencia,
Spain
| | - Laura Lacomba-Trejo
- Department of Personality, Psychological Assessment
and Treatment, Universitat de València, Valencia,
Spain
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Yilmaz S, Çoban GS, Çolak FÜ, Hökenek NM, Ak R. Violent Experiences Suffered by Pre-Hospital Healthcare Workers During the COVID-19 Pandemic. Disaster Med Public Health Prep 2023; 17:e533. [PMID: 37985924 DOI: 10.1017/dmp.2023.200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This work was carried out to determine the causes of violence against Prehospital Emergency Medical Services Personnel (PHEMSP) who performed their duties without any special security measures during the COVID-19 pandemic, and who were subjected to violence because of their work. METHOD The approach of this research is in accordance with case study design, which is concerned with the examination of unique cases. For this study, a volunteer announcement was made on social media for PHEMSPs from 3 different branches (Emergency Medical Technicians or EMTs, paramedics, and doctors) who had been actively working in ambulances during the transportation of COVID-19 patients throughout the pandemic, and who had declared that they were subjected to verbal abuse or physical violence. The data was collected through structured interviews from 60 voluntary participants. RESULTS As a result of the analysis of the data, 3 main themes were revealed as the source of violence that PHEMSPs had been exposed to during the pandemic. They are the following: (1) violence caused by the nature of the disease, (2) violence caused by society, and (3) violence caused by working areas and systems. The reasons which created these themes, were accepted as codes. The codes that arose due to the theme of (1) violence caused by the nature of the disease were 'the fear of contagion,' 'the requirement for disinfection,' and 'triage problems,' which caused both verbal abuse and physical violence. In addition to these codes, the code of 'stigma' due to protective equipment was found only to elicit verbal abuse. The codes for the theme (2) 'violence caused by society,' were determined as societal perceptions regarding high wages, attempts to misuse health services, and distrust. All 3 of these codes were found to evoke both verbal abuse and physical violence. The codes for the theme (3) 'violence caused by working areas and systems,' included team mismatch in PHEMSPs, resignation ban, and long working hours, as well as mismatch between in-hospital HCWs and PHEMSPs, mobbing, feeling unsupported, and gender disadvantage. It has been revealed among these codes that only the team mismatch in PHEMSPs caused both verbal abuse and physical violence, while all the others only lead to verbal abuse. CONCLUSION If a 0 tolerance for 'violence in the healthcare system' is to be targeted, it should start in the pre-hospital phase and with all PHEMSPs, since this is the 0 point where the healthcare system, and patients first meet. Additionally, this group should be considered a vulnerable group for workplace violence (WPV), especially due to the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarper Yilmaz
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Kartal Dr. Lütfi Kırdar City Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Gizem Sebahat Çoban
- Department of Educational Administration, Faculty of Educational Science, Cyprus Science University, Kyrenia, Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus
| | - Figen Ünal Çolak
- Faculty of Communication Sciences, Anadolu University, Eskişehir, Turkey
| | - Nihat Müjdat Hökenek
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Kartal Dr. Lütfi Kırdar City Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Rohat Ak
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Kartal Dr. Lütfi Kırdar City Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
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Muñoz-Vela FJ, Fernández-Carrasco FJ, Gómez-Salgado J, Allande-Cussó R, Marques Monteiro Dias Mendes IM, Martins Teixeira-da-Costa EI, Vázquez-Lara JM, Fagundo-Rivera J, Rodríguez-Díaz L. Assessment of Levels of Anxiety and Fear of Covid-19 in a Population of Pregnant Women in Spain. Psychol Res Behav Manag 2023; 16:4665-4676. [PMID: 38024653 PMCID: PMC10660725 DOI: 10.2147/prbm.s432792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective The aim of the study was to assess the levels of fear and anxiety in the particularly vulnerable population group of women during pregnancy. Methods Cross-sectional study between March 2022 and July 2022 involving 978 pregnant women aged 16 to 50 years. It was carried out based on the scale for the assessment of fear and anxiety in pregnant women (AMICO_Pregnant) and the collection of sociodemographic data. Normality analysis was performed prior to univariate and bivariate statistical analysis. Results The sample was composed of a total of 978 pregnant women. The mean of the AMICO_Pregnant scale was intermediate (5.04 points; SD=2.36). The bivariate analysis showed a statistically significant relationship between the AMICO_Pregnant scale and the following variables: vaccination schedule status, contact with the disease, weeks of gestation, altered delivery or birth plan. Conclusion Women with pregnancies closer to term, with no contact with the disease, without a complete vaccination schedule, or who had undergone changes in their delivery or birth plans, showed higher levels of fear and anxiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Javier Muñoz-Vela
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Málaga, Málaga, Spain
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Area, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | | | - Juan Gómez-Salgado
- Department of Sociology, Social Work and Public Health, Faculty of Labour Sciences, University of Huelva, Huelva, Spain
- Safety and Health Postgraduate Programme, Universidad Espíritu Santo, Guayaquil, Ecuador
| | | | | | - Emilia Isabel Martins Teixeira-da-Costa
- Department of Nursing, Health School, University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal
- Health Sciences Research Unit: Nursing, Escola Superior de Enfermagem de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Juana María Vázquez-Lara
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Ceuta University Hospital, Midwifery Teaching Unit of Ceuta, University of Granada, Ceuta, Spain
| | | | - Luciano Rodríguez-Díaz
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Ceuta University Hospital, Midwifery Teaching Unit of Ceuta, University of Granada, Ceuta, Spain
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Cancela A, González-Noriega M, Visiers A. Fear of COVID-19: the mediation role between the COVID-19 diagnosis and KAP in Spanish university students. BMC Public Health 2023; 23:1909. [PMID: 37789262 PMCID: PMC10546735 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-16777-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although health public services recommend prevention strategies for COVID-19 some of these recommendations have not been taken seriously by young people. Understanding why some people comply with these recommendations and others do not seem to be crucial in helping public health services to predict behavior and compliance with rules, especially for young people. Previous studies suggest that knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) are useful to assess compliance with the preventive measures and public health policies. Being afraid has also been found to correlate with more engagement with preventive measures. This study aims to assess the KAP and fear of COVID-19 of Spanish university students and to understand the relation between diagnosis, KAP and the level of fear. METHOD Participants of this cross-sectional study were 598 college students (69.4% women) from different Spanish Universities. Data were collected for a month using an online questionnaire through Sphinx iQ2. RESULTS Levels of KAP among Spanish students were satisfactory and results suggest the presence of fear among them. More importantly, fear of COVID-19 mediated the impact of the diagnosis on the KAP. CONCLUSIONS Feeling fear seems to be the mechanism underlying the relationship between diagnosis and KAP. Diagnosis is associated with KAP when the diagnosis it is accompanied by measures of fear. KAP, diagnosis, or perceived fear of COVID must be taken together in consideration for health interventions and public health campaigns design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Cancela
- Departamento de Psicología, Universidad Villanueva, c/ Costa Brava, 6, Madrid, 28034, Spain.
| | - Mar González-Noriega
- Departamento de Psicología, Universidad Villanueva, c/ Costa Brava, 6, Madrid, 28034, Spain
| | - Ana Visiers
- Universidad Europea del Atlántico, Santander, Spain
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Muñoz-Vela FJ, Rodríguez-Díaz L, Fernández-Carrasco FJ, Allande-Cussó R, Vázquez-Lara JM, Fagundo-Rivera J, Gómez-Salgado J. Adaptation and psychometric study of the scale for the measurement of fear and anxiety of COVID-19 disease in pregnant women (AMICO_Pregnant). Front Public Health 2023; 11:1225822. [PMID: 37809001 PMCID: PMC10552539 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1225822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective The aim of this research was to adapt and explore the psychometric properties of a specific scale to assess the levels of fear and anxiety of COVID-19 disease in pregnant women. Methods An adaptation phase, by a panel of experts, and a psychometric descriptive cross-sectional study were carried out on the final version of the 16-item, self-administered AMICO_Pregnant scale. Univariate and bivariate analyses were carried out, followed by exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). The consistency of the scale was assessed using the Omega coefficient and Cronbach's Alpha. Results With a sample of 1,013 pregnant women living in Spain and over 18 years of age, the mean age was 33 years. The scale showed a bifactor structure (anxiety and fear) that was confirmed with good fit parameters. Reliability was assessed in terms of internal consistency by calculating Cronbach's Alpha coefficient (0.95) and McDonald's Omega coefficient (0.94) as indicators of robustness of the scale's reliability. Conclusion The AMICO_Pregnant scale of 16 items with scores ranging from 1 to 10 is a valid and reliable tool to assess levels of anxiety and fear of COVID_19 in Spanish pregnant women. Pregnant women have shown moderate levels of anxiety and fear regarding the COVID_19 disease in the final phase of the pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Javier Muñoz-Vela
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Malaga, Málaga, Spain
- Regional University Hospital of Malaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Luciano Rodríguez-Díaz
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences of Ceuta, University of Granada, Ceuta, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | - Juan Gómez-Salgado
- Department of Sociology, Social Work and Public Health, Faculty of Labour Sciences, University of Huelva, Huelva, Spain
- Escuela de Posgrado, Universidad de Especialidades Espíritu Santo, Guayaquil, Ecuador
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Hançerlioğlu S, Toygar İ. Assessing psychometric properties of the Turkish version of the Fear of COVID-19 Scale for Nurses. Int J Nurs Pract 2023:e13179. [PMID: 37448207 DOI: 10.1111/ijn.13179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2020] [Revised: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
AIM The purpose of this study was to evaluate the validity and reliability of the Turkish version of the Fear of COVID-19 Scale (FCV-19S). METHODS The study used a descriptive design and was conducted between April and May 2020. The participants were 213 nurses who were working in 12 hospitals in eight cities in Turkey. Content validity index, exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis were used to evaluate validity. Cronbach's alpha, item-scale correlation and test-retest reliability were used to evaluate reliability. RESULTS The CVI was 0.92 (0.81-1.00). A one-factor solution was identified and the factor loading of items in scale varied from 0.377 to 0.909. The Cronbach's alpha value was 0.889 in the current study. Item-scale correlations ranged between 0.570 and 0.815. Intraclass correlation coefficient ranged from 0.71 to 0.93. CONCLUSION The Turkish version of the FCV-19S for nurses was found to be valid and reliable measure of the fear of nurses towards COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadık Hançerlioğlu
- Internal Medicine Nursing Department, Ege University Faculty of Nursing, Izmir, Turkey
| | - İsmail Toygar
- Internal Medicine Nursing Department, Ege University Faculty of Nursing, Izmir, Turkey
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Zhang R, Jiao G, Guan Y, Huang Q, Pan J. Correlation Between Chronotypes and Depressive Symptoms Mediated by Sleep Quality Among Chinese College Students During the COVID-19 Pandemic. Nat Sci Sleep 2023; 15:499-509. [PMID: 37408566 PMCID: PMC10319285 DOI: 10.2147/nss.s403932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose The COVID-19 pandemic has adversely impacted the mental health of the population. The current study aimed to determine the prevalence of depressive symptoms and sleep disturbances among Chinese college students during the COVID-19 pandemic and investigate the correlations between chronotypes, sleep quality, and depressive symptoms. Participants and Methods In the current study, 2526 college students responded anonymously to an online questionnaire survey from 26 May 2020 to 20 July 2020. The participants' chronotypes, sleep quality, and depressive symptoms were evaluated using the Chinese version of the Morning and Evening Questionnaire-5 (MEQ-5), Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), and Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9). Sociodemographic information of the participants was also acquired. Statistical analyses were performed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) 19.0 software, with the mediating effect assessed by Hayes' PROCESS Macro. Results During the COVID-19 pandemic, the prevalence of depressive symptoms and sleep disturbances among Chinese college students surveyed was 54.95% and 48.18%, respectively. From absolute evening chronotype to absolute morning chronotype, the surveyed college students' chronotypes were negatively correlated with their depressive symptoms. Moreover, the mediation analysis showed that the correlation between chronotypes and depressive symptoms was fully mediated by sleep quality. Eveningness college students with poorer sleep quality were more likely to report higher levels of depressive symptoms. Conclusion Our findings suggest that during the COVID-19 pandemic, delayed circadian preference (ie, eveningness) may be linked to worse depressive symptoms among Chinese college students, and call for more attention to the sleep quality of Chinese college students as sleep quality fully mediated the correlation between chronotypes and depressive symptoms among them. Reasonable adjustment in bedtime/circadian preference and improvement in sleep quality may help to reduce the prevalence and severity of depressive symptoms among Chinese college students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Run Zhang
- Students’ Affairs Division, Jinan University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Genlong Jiao
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yijia Guan
- School of International Studies, Jinan University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qiaoting Huang
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiyang Pan
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
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Albikawi ZF, Abuadas MH, Alalyani MM, Zahrani Y, Aqel E, Safi R. Fear and Stigma of COVID-19 Reinfection Scale (FSoCOVID-19RS): New Scale Development and Validation. Healthcare (Basel) 2023; 11:healthcare11101461. [PMID: 37239747 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare11101461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The advent of COVID-19 and its impacts have prompted fear and stigma among people all across the world. Because of stigma, there was often a delay in diagnosis and treatment, which resulted in a poor prognosis. As a result, a reliable scale is required to measure the level of fear and stigma of COVID-19 reinfection. AIM To develop and validate a scale for determining the level of fear and stigma of COVID-19 reinfection. METHODS A cross-sectional study including 200 nursing-college students who had previously tested positive for COVID-19 was conducted. The scale's reliability was evaluated by external and internal consistency methods. Construct, convergent, and discriminant validity were evaluated using exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). RESULTS The scale's mean score was 24.85 ± 11.35, and no floor or ceiling effects were detected. The scale items' reliability, measured by Cronbach's alpha coefficient if an item was deleted, ranged from 0.76 to 0.95, with a total score value of 0.86. The range of convergent validity coefficients was between 0.37 and 0.64. Pearson's correlation coefficients for test-retest validity ranged from 0.71 to 0.93, with a total score of 0.82. The coefficient of split-half correlation was 0.87, while the coefficient of reliability was 0.93. According to the factor analysis, two components had latent roots larger than 1. The rotated component matrix of the two factors revealed that all items had R values over 0.30, indicating that none of them should be excluded. In addition, CFA results revealed that χ2 = 3524, df = 1283, χ2/df ratio = 2.74, p < 0.001, GFI = 0.86, CFI = 0.92, AGFI = 0.88, and RMSEA = 0.05. The scale's convergent and discriminant validity was confirmed. CONCLUSIONS The 14-item, two-dimensional Fear and Stigma of COVID-19 Reinfection Scale (FSoCOVID-19 RS) was demonstrated to have reliable psychometric properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zainab Fatehi Albikawi
- Community and Psychiatric/Mental Health Nursing Department, Nursing College, King Khalid University, Khamis Mushait 39746, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Hamdi Abuadas
- Community and Psychiatric/Mental Health Nursing Department, Nursing College, King Khalid University, Khamis Mushait 39746, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mesheil M Alalyani
- Medical Surgical Nursing Department, Nursing College, King Khalid University, Khamis Mushait 39746, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yousef Zahrani
- Public Health Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University, Khamis Mushait 62529, Saudi Arabia
| | - Emad Aqel
- Community and Psychiatric/Mental Health Nursing Department, Nursing College, King Khalid University, Khamis Mushait 39746, Saudi Arabia
| | - Raid Safi
- Basic Nursing Care Department, Nursing College, King Khalid University, Khamis Mushait 39746, Saudi Arabia
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Kilic D, Aslan G, Ata G, Bakan ABS. Relationship between the fear of COVID-19 and social isolation and depression in elderly individuals. Psychogeriatrics 2023; 23:222-229. [PMID: 36516958 PMCID: PMC9878127 DOI: 10.1111/psyg.12924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The COVID-19 pandemic has seriously affected elderly individuals and it has been associated with high morbidity and mortality rates. This study was conducted to examine the relationship between fear of COVID-19, social isolation and depression in elderly individuals. METHODS The study is a descriptive type. The sample consisted of 362 elderly people. The study data were collected using the Introductory Information Form, the Fear of COVID-19 Scale, the Nottingham Health Profile Social Isolation Scale and the Geriatric Depression Scale-Short Form. RESULTS It was determined there was a positive and moderate relationship between fear of COVID-19 and depression and social isolation, and a positive and high relationship between social isolation and depression, and the results were statistically significant (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Public health nurses, during epidemic periods, should help elderly individuals manage their fears about the disease. In addition, they should lead the practices that can sustain social participation and prevent depression in the elderly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dilek Kilic
- Faculty of Nursing, Department of Public Health Nursing, Atatürk University, Erzurum, 25040, Turkey
| | - Gülpınar Aslan
- Department of Midwifery, Agri Ibrahim Cecen University Faculty of Health Sciences, Ağrı, Turkey
| | - Gülnaz Ata
- Faculty of Nursing, Department of Public Health Nursing, Atatürk University, Erzurum, 25040, Turkey
| | - Ayse B Savci Bakan
- Department of Nursing, Agri Ibrahim Cecen University Faculty of Health Sciences, Ağrı, Turkey
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13
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Mamuk R, Çelik SY, Sekizler ET. Evaluation of sexual function and sexual quality of life in women during the COVID-19 Pandemic: the Turkish case. Afr Health Sci 2023; 23:349-361. [PMID: 37545976 PMCID: PMC10398491 DOI: 10.4314/ahs.v23i1.37] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sexual health is an important component of general health. OBJECTIVE To evaluate sexual function and sexual quality of life (SQOL) in women during the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS This descriptive, cross-sectional study was conducted in Turkey. Data were collected via a Visual Analog Scale (VAS), Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI), and Sexual Quality of Life-Female (SQOL-F) questionnaire. RESULTS The mean FSFI score was 26.91±5.62, and 39.1% of the women had an FSFI score of 26.55 or lower. The mean SQOL-F score was 79.08±20.90. FSFI score was significantly associated with employment status (β=-0.661), partner education (β=1.698), sexual compatibility between partners (β=0.518), sexual satisfaction (β=0.230), fatigue level (β= -0.120), and frequency of sexual intercourse (β=0.160). In addition, SQOL-F score was significantly associated with sexual desire (β=2.625), satisfaction (β=1.338), pain or discomfort (β=1.274), age (β= -0.356), sexual compatibility between partners (β=1.984), and fatigue level (β=-0.981) (p<0.05). CONCLUSION Less than half of the women participating in this study had sexual dysfunction, and overall SQOL was moderate to high. These results were associated with some descriptive characteristics of the women and were similar to those reported in pre-pandemic studies conducted in Turkey.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rojjin Mamuk
- Nursing Department, Faculty of Health Sciences, Eastern Mediterranean University. Famagusta, North Cyprus
| | - Sultan Yurtsever Çelik
- Wound care unit of Bağcılar Training and Research Hospital of University of Health Sciences, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Emine Temizkan Sekizler
- Nursing Department, Faculty of Health Sciences, Eastern Mediterranean University. Famagusta, North Cyprus
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14
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Al-Mamun F, Hussain N, Sakib N, Hosen I, Rayhan I, Abdullah AH, Bhuiyan AKMI, Sarker MA, Hossain S, Zou L, Manzar MD, Lin CY, Sikder MT, Muhit M, Pakpour AH, Gozal D, Griffiths MD, Mamun MA. Sleep duration during the COVID-19 pandemic in Bangladesh: A GIS-based large sample survey study. Sci Rep 2023; 13:3368. [PMID: 36849735 PMCID: PMC9969935 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-30023-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Although several studies have been conducted in Bangladesh regarding sleep problems during the COVID-19 pandemic, none have utilized a large nationwide sample or presented their findings based on nationwide geographical distribution. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to explore the total sleep duration, night-time sleep, and daily naptime and their associated factors as well as geographic information system (GIS) distribution. A cross-sectional survey was carried out among 9730 people in April 2020, including questions relating to socio-demographic variables, behavioral and health factors, lockdown, depression, suicidal ideation, night sleep duration, and naptime duration. Descriptive and inferential statistics, both linear and multivariate regression, and spatial distribution were performed using Microsoft Excel, SPSS, Stata, and ArcGIS software. The results indicated that 64.7% reported sleeping 7-9 h a night, while 29.6% slept less than 7 h nightly, and 5.7% slept more than 9 h nightly. 43.7% reported 30-60 min of daily nap duration, whereas 20.9% napped for more than 1 h daily. Significant predictors of total daily sleep duration were being aged 18-25 years, being unemployed, being married, self-isolating 4 days or more, economic hardship, and depression. For nap duration, being aged 18-25 years, retired, a smoker, and a social media user were at relatively higher risk. The GIS distribution showed that regional division areas with high COVID-19 exposure had higher rates of non-normal sleep duration. Sleep duration showed a regional heterogeneity across the regional divisions of the country that exhibited significant associations with a multitude of socioeconomic and health factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Firoj Al-Mamun
- CHINTA Research Bangladesh, Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh. .,Department of Public Health and Informatics, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh. .,Department of Public Health, University of South Asia, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
| | - Nur Hussain
- CHINTA Research Bangladesh, Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh ,grid.25073.330000 0004 1936 8227Present Address: School of Earth, Environment & Society, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Najmuj Sakib
- grid.449408.50000 0004 4684 0662Department of Microbiology, Jashore University of Science and Technology, Jashore, Bangladesh
| | - Ismail Hosen
- CHINTA Research Bangladesh, Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh ,grid.411808.40000 0001 0664 5967Department of Public Health and Informatics, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Istihak Rayhan
- grid.411808.40000 0001 0664 5967Department of Economics, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Abu Hasnat Abdullah
- CHINTA Research Bangladesh, Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh ,grid.411808.40000 0001 0664 5967Department of Public Health and Informatics, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | | | - Md. Abedin Sarker
- CHINTA Research Bangladesh, Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh ,grid.411808.40000 0001 0664 5967Department of Public Health and Informatics, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Sahadat Hossain
- grid.411808.40000 0001 0664 5967Department of Public Health and Informatics, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh ,grid.83440.3b0000000121901201Department of Behavioural Science and Health, Institute of Epidemiology and Health Care, University College London (UCL), London, UK
| | - Liye Zou
- grid.263488.30000 0001 0472 9649Body-Brain-Mind Laboratory, School of Psychology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Md. Dilshad Manzar
- grid.449051.d0000 0004 0441 5633Department of Nursing, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Majmaah University, Al Majma’ah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Chung-Ying Lin
- grid.64523.360000 0004 0532 3255Institute of Allied Health Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Md. Tajuddin Sikder
- grid.411808.40000 0001 0664 5967Department of Public Health and Informatics, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Mohammad Muhit
- grid.449901.10000 0004 4683 713XDepartment of Public Health, University of South Asia, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Amir H. Pakpour
- grid.412606.70000 0004 0405 433XSocial Determinants of Health Research Center, Research Institute for Prevention of Non-Communicable Diseases, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran ,grid.118888.00000 0004 0414 7587Department of Nursing, School of Health and Welfare, Jönköping University, Jönköping, Sweden
| | - David Gozal
- grid.134936.a0000 0001 2162 3504Department of Child Health and The Child Health Research Institute, The University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO USA
| | - Mark D. Griffiths
- grid.12361.370000 0001 0727 0669International Gaming Research Unit, Psychology Department, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, UK
| | - Mohammed A. Mamun
- CHINTA Research Bangladesh, Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh ,grid.411808.40000 0001 0664 5967Department of Public Health and Informatics, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh ,grid.449901.10000 0004 4683 713XDepartment of Public Health, University of South Asia, Dhaka, Bangladesh ,grid.442989.a0000 0001 2226 6721Department of Public Health, Daffodil International University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
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15
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Yehudai M, Clark M, Azzopardi A, Romem Porat SL, Dagan A, Reznik A, Isralowitz R. COVID-19 Fear Impact on Israeli and Maltese Female "Help" Profession Students. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:3968. [PMID: 36900978 PMCID: PMC10001741 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20053968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2023] [Revised: 02/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this cross-sectional study was to examine the impact of COVID-19 fear on the well-being of Israeli and Maltese female "help" profession (e.g., social work and psychology) undergraduate students. This cross-national comparison includes factors of depression, anxiety, anger, loneliness, nervousness, substance use, eating behavior, burnout, and resilience. The study hypothesis is that country status, even with different social-cultural characteristics including religiosity, is not a significant factor associated with COVID-19 fear impact on select behavioral characteristics of female university students. METHODS A total of 453 female "help" profession students completed an online survey from January to July 2021. Various statistical methods of analysis including regression were used for this study. RESULTS The mean COVID-19 fear scores were the same among Israeli and Maltese students. Resilience was found to be higher among Israeli females; burnout was found to be higher among those from Malta. Substance use (i.e., tobacco, alcohol, cannabis, stimulants, or prescription drugs) in the last month was reported by 77.2% of the respondents. No significant differences were found for previous-month substance use based on country status. Regardless of country, respondents who reported more previous-month substance use had higher COVID-19 fear and burnout scores, as well as lower resilience. Due to COVID-19, most respondents (74.3%) reported deterioration of their psycho-emotional well-being in the last month; however, no significant differences were found based on country and religiosity statuses. Furthermore, no significant differences were found for eating behavior changes and weight increase based on country and religiosity statuses. CONCLUSION Study findings showed the impact of COVID-19 fear on the well-being of Israeli and Maltese female "help" profession undergraduate students. This study examined only female students; however, additional research is needed to address male students and their experiences. Prevention and treatment intervention measures aimed to increase resilience and decrease burnout, including those that can be made available on campus, should be thought about by university administration personnel and student association leaders in consultation with mental health professionals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mor Yehudai
- Regional Alcohol and Drug Abuse Research Center, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva 84105, Israel
| | - Marilyn Clark
- Department of Psychology, Faculty for Social Wellbeing, University of Malta, 2080 Msida, Malta
| | - Andrew Azzopardi
- Department of Youth and Community Studies, Faculty for Social Wellbeing, University of Malta, 2080 Msida, Malta
| | - Shai-li Romem Porat
- Regional Alcohol and Drug Abuse Research Center, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva 84105, Israel
| | - Adi Dagan
- Regional Alcohol and Drug Abuse Research Center, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva 84105, Israel
| | - Alexander Reznik
- Regional Alcohol and Drug Abuse Research Center, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva 84105, Israel
| | - Richard Isralowitz
- Regional Alcohol and Drug Abuse Research Center, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva 84105, Israel
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16
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Kwon M, Oh J. Factors Affecting Sleep Quality of College Students during the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pandemic: A Cross-Sectional Study. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2023; 59:medicina59020416. [PMID: 36837616 PMCID: PMC9958765 DOI: 10.3390/medicina59020416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
Abstract
Background and Objectives: The purpose of this study was to identify the correlation between college students' fear of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), intolerance of uncertainty, and sleep quality during the COVID-19 pandemic, and to identify factors affecting sleep quality. Materials and Methods: Data were collected through an online survey of 310 college students from three universities located in three regions in Korea. Results: The average sleep quality score of college students was 4.76 ± 2.86 points, the average fear of COVID-19 was 14.01 ± 5.05 points, and the average intolerance of uncertainty was 31.50 ± 7.92 points. Fear of COVID-19 and intolerance of uncertainty were positively correlated (r = 0.302, p < 0.001). Sleep quality was positively correlated with fear of COVID-19 (r = 0.246, p < 0.001). Sleep quality was positively correlated with intolerance of uncertainty (r = 0.212, p < 0.001). Health status was the most powerful factor that affected sleep quality (β = 0.377, p < 0.001). The next most powerful factors that affected sleep quality were fear of COVID-19 (β = 0.164, p = 0.003) and intolerance of uncertainty (β = 0.122, p = 0.027), respectively. Conclusions: These results are expected to be used as basic data for the development of health intervention programs to protect and improve the psychological well-being of college students by improving their sleep quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mihyoung Kwon
- Department of Nursing, College of Life and Health, Pai Chai University, Daejeon 35345, Republic of Korea
| | - Jihyun Oh
- Department of Nursing, College of Nursing and Health, Kongju National University, Kongju 32588, Republic of Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-41-850-0301; Fax: +82-41-850-0315
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17
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Arakelyan S, Brown T, McCabe L, McGregor L, Comerford D, Dawson A, Bell D, Douglas C, Houston J, Douglas E. Social, health and economic impact of COVID-19: Healthy Ageing In Scotland (HAGIS) - a protocol for a mixed-methods study. BMJ Open 2023; 13:e061427. [PMID: 36792332 PMCID: PMC9933129 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2022-061427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Public health responses to the COVID-19 pandemic have reaped adverse physical, psychological, social and economic effects, with older adults disproportionally affected. Psychological consequences of the pandemic include fear, worry and anxiety. COVID-19 fear may impact individuals' mitigation behaviours, influencing their willingness to (re)engage in health, social and economic behaviours. This study seeks (1) to develop a robust and evidence-based questionnaire to measure the prevalence of COVID-19 fear among older adults (aged ≥50) in Scotland and (2) to examine the impact of COVID-19 fear on the willingness of older adults to (re)engage across health, social and economic domains as society adjusts to the 'new normal' and inform policy and practice. METHODS AND ANALYSIS This mixed-method study includes a large-scale multimodal survey, focus groups and interviews with older adults (aged ≥50) living in Scotland, and an email-based 'e-Delphi' consultation with professionals working with older adults. The COVID-19 fear scale was developed and validated using exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses. Survey data will be analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Thematic analysis will be used to analyse qualitative data. Survey and qualitative findings will be triangulated and used as the starting point for an 'e-Delphi' consensus consultation with expert stakeholders. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION Ethical approval has been obtained from the University of Stirling for multimodal survey development, fieldwork methodology and data management. Anonymised survey data will be deposited with the UK Data Service, with a link provided via the Gateway to Global Ageing. Qualitative data will be deposited with the University of Stirling online digital repository-DataSTORRE. A dedicated work package will oversee dissemination via a coproduced project website, conference presentations, rapid reports and national and international peer-reviewed journal articles. There is planned engagement with Scottish and UK policy makers to contribute to the UK government's COVID-19 recovery strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stella Arakelyan
- Centre for Environment, Dementia and Ageing Research (CEDAR), Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling, UK
| | - Tamara Brown
- Centre for Environment, Dementia and Ageing Research (CEDAR), Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling, UK
| | - Louise McCabe
- Centre for Environment, Dementia and Ageing Research (CEDAR), Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling, UK
| | - Lesley McGregor
- Division of Psychology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling, UK
| | - David Comerford
- Stirling Management School, University of Stirling, Stirling, UK
| | - Alison Dawson
- Centre for Environment, Dementia and Ageing Research (CEDAR), Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling, UK
| | - David Bell
- Division of Economics, University of Stirling, Stirling, UK
| | - Cristina Douglas
- Centre for Environment, Dementia and Ageing Research (CEDAR), Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling, UK
| | - John Houston
- Stirling Management School, University of Stirling, Stirling, UK
| | - Elaine Douglas
- Centre for Environment, Dementia and Ageing Research (CEDAR), Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling, UK
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18
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Kwon M, Oh J. The relationship between depression, anxiety, e-health literacy, and health-promoting behavior in nursing students during COVID-19. Medicine (Baltimore) 2023; 102:e32809. [PMID: 36820579 PMCID: PMC9907898 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000032809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to identify the correlation between depression, anxiety, e-health literacy (eHL), and health-promoting behaviors among nursing students during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, and to identify the factors affecting health-promoting behaviors. A cross-sectional study was conducted online, recruiting 301 nursing students recruited from 4 universities in the Chungcheng Province and Daejeon Metropolitan City in South Korea between May 28 and June 30, 2021. Data were analyzed using SPSS WIN 27.0. The general characteristics of the study participants were analyzed by frequency and percentage, and the degree of depression, anxiety, eHL, and health-promoting behaviors were calculated as averages and standard deviations. Differences in health-promoting behaviors according to general characteristics were analyzed using independent t tests and analysis of variance, and a post hoc Scheffe test was conducted. Correlations between depression, anxiety, eHL, and health-promoting behaviors were measured using Pearson correlation matrices. Stepwise multiple regression was performed to identify factors affecting health-promoting behaviors. During the COVID-19 pandemic, the average level of depression and anxiety was reported to be 3.93 (4.71) and 3.40 (4.30), respectively; 33.2% of nursing students experienced more than mild depression and 29.2% experienced anxiety. The average eHL level was 3.91 (0.56), and the average of health-promoting behaviors was 2.43 (0.45). Depression was positively correlated with anxiety (R = 0.734, P < .001) and negatively correlated with health-promoting behaviors (r = -0.198, P = .001), whereas eHL had a positive correlation with health-promoting behaviors (R = 0.347, P < .001). The factors affecting health-promoting behaviors were religion (β = -0.160, standard error [SE] = 0.048), current health status (β = -0.097, SE = 0.032), frequency of searching the Internet for health-related information in a week (β = -0.070, SE = 0.026), interest in health (β = -0.191, SE = 0.039), and critical eHL (β = 0.243, SE = 0.040); the explanatory power was 27.4%. Results demonstrate that during the COVID-19 pandemic, higher depression and anxiety among nursing students decreased health-promoting behaviors, while higher eHL increased health-promoting behaviors, and eHL was a major factor affecting health-promoting behaviors. These results contribute to the provision of basic data for the development of nursing intervention programs and educational strategies that can establish correct health-promoting behaviors by managing depression and anxiety among nursing students and improving eHL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mihyoung Kwon
- Department of Nursing, Pai Chai University, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Jihyun Oh
- Department of Nursing, College of Nursing and Health, Kongju National University, Kongju, South Korea
- * Correspondence: Jihyun Oh, Department of Nursing, College of Nursing and Health, Kongju National University, Kongju 32588, South Korea (e-mail: )
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19
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Yavuz K, Koçak O, Kul Parlak N. Four serially mediating mechanisms in the relationship between COVID-19 fear and employee performance. Work 2023:WOR211360. [PMID: 36683473 DOI: 10.3233/wor-211360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND During the COVID-19 pandemic, most workers were forced to work remotely, although having no prior experience, and as a result, they were exposed to new job-related stressors. OBJECTIVES To examine the mediating role of job stress, work-family conflict and job satisfaction between fear of COVID-19 and job performance. METHOD An online questionnaire was conducted a survey of remote workers in Turkey. Responses were obtained from 351 subjects. Related scales were used to measure work-life balance, job stress, job satisfaction, and employee performance as well as fear of COVID-19. Because all hypothesis constructs can be analyzed simultaneously, structural equation modeling was used for data analysis. RESULTS The results showed that fear of COVID-19 affects job stress (p = .001; β= .264). There was a significant relationship between job stress and job satisfaction (p = .001; β= .619). Also, work-family conflict was affected employee job stress (p = .001; β= .516). Job stress had a mediator role fear of COVID-19 on job satisfaction and work-family conflict on job satisfaction. CONCLUSION The findings of this study provide a useful measurement model that can be used to evaluate and improve job performance and job satisfaction through work stress and work-family conflict in times of crisis such as COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kübra Yavuz
- School of Social Services of Patnos, Ağrı İbrahim Çeçen University, Ağrı, Turkey
| | - Orhan Koçak
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Istanbul University - Cerrahpaşa, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Nurgün Kul Parlak
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Istanbul University - Cerrahpaşa, Istanbul, Turkey
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20
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Al Amin M, Muzareba AM, Chowdhury IU, Khondkar M. Understanding e-satisfaction, continuance intention, and e-loyalty toward mobile payment application during COVID-19: an investigation using the electronic technology continuance model. JOURNAL OF FINANCIAL SERVICES MARKETING 2023. [PMCID: PMC9817450 DOI: 10.1057/s41264-022-00197-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Revised: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
This research examined the determinants of e-satisfaction, continuance intention, and e-loyalty regarding the use of mobile payment applications (MPAs). It developed and validated the electronic technology continuance model (e-TCM) integrating a psychological factor (perceived threats), e-satisfaction, circumstantial factor (perceived anxiety), and the dimensions of quality. Using a questionnaire, data was collected from 455 respondents and analyzed using structural equation modeling. The influences of information quality, service quality, system quality, perceived usefulness, and confirmation on both e-satisfaction and continuance intention are found positive. However, perceived threats and perceived anxiety do not influence e-satisfaction but influence continuance intention. Moreover, e-satisfaction positively impacts continuance intention and e-loyalty; and continuance intention positively impacts e-loyalty. This research evidences the roles of perceived threat, e-satisfaction, perceived anxiety, and the dimensions of quality on customers’ e-satisfaction, continuance intention and e-loyalty, using the integrated framework comprising the health belief model, expectation–confirmation model, and information systems success model. The findings of this research can guide MPA services providers, online businesses, industry analysts, suburban consumers, and respective government authorities when MPA usage is concerned during any unprecedented crisis such as the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md. Al Amin
- Department of Marketing, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Science and Technology University (BSMRSTU), Gopalganj, 8100 Bangladesh
- School of Business and Management, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | | | | | - Mubina Khondkar
- Department of Marketing, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh
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21
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Winter T, Riordan BC, Pakpour AH, Griffiths MD, Mason A, Poulgrain JW, Scarf D. Evaluation of the English Version of the Fear of COVID-19 Scale and Its Relationship with Behavior Change and Political Beliefs. Int J Ment Health Addict 2023; 21:372-382. [PMID: 32837431 PMCID: PMC7295324 DOI: 10.1007/s11469-020-00342-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 78.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has many individuals around the world fearing for their lives. The constant news coverage, rapid transmission, and relatively high mortality rate, make fearfulness a natural response. To assess the fear of COVID-19, the Fear of COVID-19 Scale (FCV-19S) was developed. The primary aim of the present study was to conduct the first psychometric assessment and validation of the English version of the FCV-19S. Two samples were collected in New Zealand. Sample 1 comprised 1624 participants of which 1397 completed all questions and were used in the analyses. Sample 2 comprised 1111 participants of which 1023 completed all questions and were used in the analyses. Several psychometric tests were conducted to ascertain the scale's reliability and validity. Across both samples, the FCV-19S had high internal consistency. Consistent with the earlier validation studies, the FCV-19S displayed a moderately strong relationship with the perceived infectability and germ aversion subscales of the perceived vulnerability to disease scale (PVDS). Furthermore, FCV-19S scores were negatively correlated with the Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Wellbeing Scale (WEMWBS) scores. With respect to the motivating role of fear, there was a significant relationship between FCV-19S scores and adherence to the lockdown rules that were implemented in New Zealand. Finally, consistent with recent reports on the politicization of the COVID-19 pandemic, an exploratory question found that participants who rated themselves as more conservative tended to report lower FCV-19S scores. The English version of the COVID-19S is a sound unidimensional scale with robust psychometric properties and can be used with confidence among English-speaking populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taylor Winter
- grid.267827.e0000 0001 2292 3111Department of Psychology, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Benjamin C. Riordan
- grid.1013.30000 0004 1936 834XDiscipline of Addiction Medicine, Central Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Amir H. Pakpour
- grid.118888.00000 0004 0414 7587Department of Nursing, School of Health and Welfare, Jönköping University, Jönköping, Sweden
| | - Mark D. Griffiths
- grid.12361.370000 0001 0727 0669International Gaming Research Unit, Psychology Department, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, UK
| | - Andre Mason
- grid.29980.3a0000 0004 1936 7830Department of Psychology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - John W. Poulgrain
- grid.29980.3a0000 0004 1936 7830Department of Psychology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Damian Scarf
- grid.29980.3a0000 0004 1936 7830Department of Psychology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
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de Medeiros ED, Reis LM, Guimarães CLC, da Silva PGN, Monteiro RP, Coelho GLDH, Guimarães CMC, Martins ERDS, de França LLA. Psychometric properties of the Brazilian version of the fear of COVID-19 scale (FCV-19S). CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2023; 42:980-989. [PMID: 33642838 PMCID: PMC7896174 DOI: 10.1007/s12144-021-01476-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
COVID-19 can bring several psychological problems to patients and non-patients, which highlights the need for a better understanding of outcomes that can emerge due the occurrence of the virus. One of these variables is fear, present in situations of continuous uncertainty. Fear is a key variable for mental health and tracking it and its correlates might help to develop proper education and prevention programs. Currently, Brazil is one of the epicentres of the COVID-19 pandemic, with its public health system scrapped and not being able to contain the amount of infected people. Therefore, a proper measure to screen the fear of COVID-19 will help to provide improvements in mental health in such contexts. For that, two studies were performed. In Study 1 (N = 230) we assessed the factorial structure of the measure through exploratory factor analysis, and item parameters using item response theory. In Study 2 (N = 302), we assessed whether the structure would replicate in an independent sample and through confirmatory factor analysis, besides assessing convergent validity using Structural Equation Modelling and proposing a shorter version of the measure. Both long and short versions presented a reliable unidimensional structure and similar patterns of correlations with depression, anxiety, and stress. Overall, our results showed that the FCV-19S and its short version are useful measures to the assessment of fear of COVID-19 in Brazil.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lorena Mota Reis
- Department of Psychology, Federal University of Delta do Parnaíba, Parnaíba, PI 64.202-020 Brazil
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Wilandika A, Gartika N, Salami S. Social stigma against individuals with COVID-19: scale development and validation. Health Psychol Behav Med 2022; 11:2155166. [PMID: 36606004 PMCID: PMC9809341 DOI: 10.1080/21642850.2022.2155166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Social stigma toward individuals with COVID-19 is a public phenomenon that significantly impacts the prevention of this disease. The study aimed to develop and examine the scale of social stigma against people with COVID-19. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted from June to August 2021 using random sampling. Two hundred twenty-five people were involved in the study. All people are domiciled in Bandung Regency, West Java, Indonesia and have never been infected with COVID-19. The scale was designed based on the dimensional structure of social stigma and then evaluated the scale's psychometric properties. Result The study found that instruments with 12 items had a content validity index of 1.0. Cronbach's alpha coefficient of 0.875 showed as satisfactory. Exploratory factor analysis was performed on the first sample (n = 100), and four factors were extracted from the exploratory factor analysis: ignorance/labelling, stereotype, separation, and discrimination. Following this, the confirmatory factor analysis in the remaining sample (n = 120) showed a good fit between the four-factor model and the theoretical model of social stigma. Conclusions The social stigma scale has been determined to be valid and reliable. Health practitioners can use this scale to predict social stigma toward individuals with COVID-19 to develop better transmission prevention strategies and improved quality of care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angga Wilandika
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universitas Aisyiyah Bandung, West Java, Indonesia, Angga Wilandika Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universitas Aisyiyah Bandung, Jl. KH Ahmad Dahlan Dalam No.6 Bandung, West Java40264, Indonesia
| | - Nina Gartika
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universitas Aisyiyah Bandung, West Java, Indonesia
| | - Salami Salami
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universitas Aisyiyah Bandung, West Java, Indonesia
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Zhuang C, Jenatabadi HS. Factors Associated with Mental Health among Malaysian University Music Students: Roles of Fear of COVID-19, Nomophobia, Loneliness, Sleep Quality, and Socioeconomic Status. Healthcare (Basel) 2022; 11:healthcare11010018. [PMID: 36611478 PMCID: PMC9818908 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare11010018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 11/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous mental health studies have shown higher levels of anxiety, stress, and depression symptoms among university music students. In general, some similar findings have been observed for Malaysian music university students. In diagnosing the complications of mental health, there is consensus that it is essential to develop and evaluate a model oriented toward mental health illness prevention and treatment. To date, a suitable pattern for estimating mental health in terms of anxiety, stress, and depression among music university students is lacking. To fill this gap, we collected the necessary data from 691 music and 871 general students who were students for one year. The introduced pattern includes socioeconomic status, fear of COVID-19, nomophobia, sleep quality, loneliness, and mental health. Our data analysis proved that the levels of anxiety, depression, and stress of music students were lower than those of general students. Unlike some previous studies, in this study, the fear of COVID-19 and nomophobia didn't have the most significant impact on mental health. The most significant impacts were related to sleep quality and loneliness. These findings have the potential to inform health promotion and services in the music education system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunmei Zhuang
- Faculty of Creative Arts, University of Malaya (UM), Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
| | - Hashem Salarzadeh Jenatabadi
- Department of Science and Technology Studies, Faculty of Science, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
- Correspondence:
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Turska E, Stępień-Lampa N, Grzywna P. Experience of COVID-19 disease and fear of the SARS-CoV-2 virus among Polish students. PeerJ 2022; 10:e14356. [PMID: 36530393 PMCID: PMC9756872 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.14356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The SARS-CoV-2 virus pandemic has significantly affected individuals and entire societies. It has caused a number of adverse consequences for public health. It has contributed to lower average life expectancy and significantly reduced the sense of health security. It has affected not only physical but also mental health. COVID-19 infections have become so common in many countries, including Poland, that almost every member of society has either experienced it themselves or has a family member or friend who have been affected by the disease. The investigations undertaken in the article concern the fear of COVID-19 infection among Polish university students, determined by the experience of the disease -whether direct or among loved ones. Methods An online survey was conducted with 851 students. It took place between 1 and 15 March 2021, a year after detection of the first case of infection with the virus in Poland. The aim of the study was to find out about the relationship between the experience of COVID-19 disease (whether direct or among people close to the respondent) and fear of this disease among university students in Poland. The analysis used intergroup comparison tests (Mann-Whitney U Test and t-test). Results The results indicate that the level of fear of COVID-19 among Polish university students was low (M = 1.98; SD = .49), with women (M = 2.04; SD = .75) presenting statistically higher (t (620.46) = 3.05; p = .002) fear than men (M = 1.87; SD = .74). The situation of the respondent having had a close person fall ill with COVID-19 or die as a result of coronavirus infection was found to be significant for the level of experienced fear of COVID-19 in the studied group (t (469.46) = -2.98; p = .003). Conclusions The significantly higher level of fear in the group of young people who knew someone close with severe (fatal) COVID-19 disease indicates that psychological support may be more significant for such people than for individuals who have not experienced such a situation. A similar conclusion can be formulated taking into account the gender criterion, as the results make it possible to predict that women expect more support in a pandemic situation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elżbieta Turska
- Institute of Psychology, University of Silesia, Katowice, Silesian Voivodeship, Poland
| | - Natalia Stępień-Lampa
- Institute of Political Science, University of Silesia, Katowice, Silesian Voivodeship, Poland
| | - Paweł Grzywna
- Institute of Political Science, University of Silesia, Katowice, Silesian Voivodeship, Poland
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Erdoğan S, Can AA, Abiç A, Yilmaz DV. Examination of individuals' depression, anxiety, and stress levels during the COVID-19 pandemic in Turkey. Arch Psychiatr Nurs 2022; 41:96-102. [PMID: 36428081 PMCID: PMC9307468 DOI: 10.1016/j.apnu.2022.07.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Revised: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 07/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This research was conducted to determine the depression, anxiety, and stress levels of individuals during the COVID-19 epidemic. In addition, the compatibility of the Depression-Anxiety-Stress Scale (DASS-21) scale results with the participants' feeling depressed, anxious, and stressed were examined. DESIGN AND METHODS The sample of the study consisted of 870 individuals over the age of 18 between May-August 2021. The data of the study were collected online, using the personal information form and DASS-21. RESULTS In our study, it was observed that 22.3 % of the participants were severely depressed, 19.0 % were highly anxious and 14.3 % were highly stressed. In addition, a relationship was determined between many sociodemographic variables and depression, anxiety, and stress levels. It was found that individuals who were not vaccinated, did not receive health care, and were not satisfied with health care were more depressed, anxious, and stressed. The agreement between all DASS-21 sub-dimensions and participants' feeling is poor in terms of Cohen's kappa. The agreement is poor in the anxiety sub dimension, but moderate in the other sub-dimensions in terms of Gwet's AC1. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS It is recommended that nurses develop new care and evaluation strategies for the psychosocial field in order to protect and maintain the health of individuals during the COVID-19 pandemic process, as well as more practices promoting the COVID-19 vaccine in our country.
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Affiliation(s)
- Semra Erdoğan
- Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, Mersin University Faculty of Medicine, 33343 Mersin, Turkey.
| | - Ahu Aksoy Can
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Nursing, Mersin University Faculty of Nursing, 33343 Mersin, Turkey
| | - Arzu Abiç
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, Eastern Mediterranean University, Famagusta, North Cyprus, via Mersin 10, Turkey.
| | - Duygu Vefikuluçay Yilmaz
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Nursing, Mersin University Faculty of Nursing, 33343 Mersin, Turkey; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Nursing, Mersin University Faculty of Nursing, Mersin, 33343 Mersin, Turkey
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27
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Caycho-Rodríguez T, Vilca LW, Carbajal-León C, Gallegos M, Reyes-Bossio M, Noe-Grijalva M, Delgado-Campusano M, Muñoz-del-Carpio-Toia Á. The Monkeypox Fear Scale: development and initial validation in a Peruvian sample. BMC Psychol 2022; 10:280. [PMID: 36443889 PMCID: PMC9702644 DOI: 10.1186/s40359-022-00997-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fear is one of the basic emotions generated during periods of infectious diseases. Therefore, the aim of this study was to develop and validate a scale that assesses monkeypox fear, the Monkeypox Fear Scale (MFS). METHODS A total of 451 Peruvians participated (61% women and 39% men), with a mean age of 28.31 years (SD = 9.72). based on procedures from classical test theory (CTT) and item response theory (IRT). Classical Test Theory (CTT) and Item Response Theory (IRT) procedures were used. RESULTS The results showed that MFS has a two-factor structure related to emotional and physiological fear factors (χ2 = 41.87; df = 12; p < .001; CFI = .99; TLI = .99; RMSEA = .074 [IC90% .051-.100]). In addition, the physiological and emotional factors showed good reliability. Measurement invariance analysis showed that the factor structure of the MFS is strictly invariant between male and female groups. Finally, the discrimination and difficulty parameters of the items show adequacy. In addition, the scale seems to be more accurate in measuring high levels of fear of monkeypox. CONCLUSION The MFS has adequate psychometric evidence to assess fear of monkeypox in the Peruvian population. These findings may guide future studies related to the consequences of monkeypox on mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomás Caycho-Rodríguez
- grid.441984.40000 0000 9092 8486Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Privada del Norte, Av. Alfredo Mendiola, Los Olivos, Lima, 6062 Peru
| | - Lindsey W. Vilca
- grid.441902.a0000 0004 0542 0864South American Center for Education and Research in Public Health, Universidad Norbert Wiener, Lima, Peru
| | - Carlos Carbajal-León
- grid.441902.a0000 0004 0542 0864South American Center for Education and Research in Public Health, Universidad Norbert Wiener, Lima, Peru
| | - Miguel Gallegos
- grid.411964.f0000 0001 2224 0804Departamento de Psicología, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Católica del Maule, Talca, Chile ,grid.412520.00000 0001 2155 6671Pontificia Universidade Católica de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brasil ,grid.10814.3c0000 0001 2097 3211Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Rosario, Argentina ,grid.423606.50000 0001 1945 2152Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Mario Reyes-Bossio
- grid.441917.e0000 0001 2196 144XFacultad de Psicología, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas, Lima, Peru
| | - Martin Noe-Grijalva
- grid.441978.70000 0004 0396 3283Escuela de Psicología, Universidad César Vallejo, Trujillo, Peru
| | - Mariel Delgado-Campusano
- grid.441917.e0000 0001 2196 144XFacultad de Psicología, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas, Lima, Peru
| | - Águeda Muñoz-del-Carpio-Toia
- grid.441990.10000 0001 2226 7599Escuela de Postgrado, Escuela de Medicina Humana, Universidad Católica de Santa María, Arequipa, Peru ,grid.466676.30000 0000 9736 7503Universidad de FLACSO, Buenos Aires, Argentina ,grid.119375.80000000121738416Instituto de Ética Clínica Francisco Vallés, Universidad Europea, Madrid, Spain
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Quigley M, Whiteford S, Cameron G, Zuj DV, Dymond S. Longitudinal assessment of COVID-19 fear and psychological wellbeing in the United Kingdom. J Health Psychol 2022:13591053221134848. [DOI: 10.1177/13591053221134848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic continues to impact global psychological wellbeing. To investigate the sustained impact of COVID-19 on wellbeing, the current study longitudinally assessed fear of COVID-19, anxiety, depression, intolerance of uncertainty, worry, sleep quality, loneliness and alcohol use during the pandemic in the United Kingdom. Timepoint 1 (T1; N = 445) took place in February 2021 following the highest number of pandemic-related deaths in the UK. Timepoint 2 (T2, N = 198) took place in June 2021 when pandemic-related deaths had declined considerably, and many had been vaccinated. At T1, COVID-19 fear predicted elevated levels of anxiety, depression, intolerance of uncertainty, worry, sleep quality and loneliness. At T2, we observed that levels of COVID-19 fear, depression, loneliness and sleep quality decreased. However, COVID-19 fear continued to predict elevated intolerance of uncertainty, worry and impaired sleep quality. These findings demonstrate the longitudinal impact of COVID-19 fear on psychological wellbeing.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Daniel V Zuj
- Swansea University, UK
- University of Tasmania, Australia
| | - Simon Dymond
- Swansea University, UK
- Reykjavík University, Iceland
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29
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Kontodimopoulos N, Poulaki E, Fanourgiakis J, Talias MA. The Association between Fear of COVID-19 and Health-Related Quality of Life: A Cross-Sectional Study in the Greek General Population. J Pers Med 2022; 12:jpm12111891. [PMID: 36422068 PMCID: PMC9699023 DOI: 10.3390/jpm12111891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this cross-sectional study was to assess the level of fear related to the SARS-CoV-2 virus and the association of fear, and of sociodemographic and clinical characteristics, with health-related quality of life (HRQoL). A large sample of the Greek general population (N = 583) completed the validated versions of the Fear of COVID-19 scale (FCV-19s) and the 12-item Short Form (SF-12), and provided data on socio-demographic status, health history and COVID-19 protective behaviors. Variables were compared with Mann-Whitney and Kruskal-Wallis tests and associations with Spearman’s correlations. Gamma regression models investigated the influence of sociodemographic and COVID-related variables on HRQoL. The mean FCV-19s score for the sample was 18.3 ± 5.6, and physical and mental component summary scores were 50.2 ± 7.9 and 46.7 ± 10.1, respectively. More fear of COVID-19 was expressed by females (p < 0.001), individuals with comorbidities (p < 0.01), those with contacts with comorbidities (p < 0.001), and individuals not having caught COVID-19 (p < 0.05). Contrastingly, less fear was expressed by unvaccinated individuals and those with less frequent intake of information about the pandemic. Item level and overall FCV-19s scores were negatively associated with SF-12 summary scores, and fear of COVID-19 was the most important predictor of both physical and mental HRQoL. The findings from this and other similar studies could help to identify specific population groups in need of interventions to improve their physical and mental health, which had deteriorated due to the pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolaos Kontodimopoulos
- Faculty of Social Sciences, Hellenic Open University, 26335 Patras, Greece
- Healthcare Management Program, School of Economics & Management, Open University of Cyprus, 2220 Nicosia, Cyprus
- Correspondence:
| | - Effimia Poulaki
- Faculty of Social Sciences, Hellenic Open University, 26335 Patras, Greece
| | - John Fanourgiakis
- Faculty of Social Sciences, Hellenic Open University, 26335 Patras, Greece
- Department of Management Science and Technology, Hellenic Mediterranean University, 72100 Agios Nikolaos, Greece
| | - Michael A. Talias
- Healthcare Management Program, School of Economics & Management, Open University of Cyprus, 2220 Nicosia, Cyprus
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Li S, Gu J. “We are pests, we have no future”: The prediction of anxiety by perceived discrimination in patients with coronavirus: Mediating role of psychological resilience. Front Psychol 2022; 13:979186. [DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.979186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
In a short amount of time, the COVID-19 pandemic has played havoc on social security, and people infected with coronavirus may have suffered from both physical and mental health issues requiring treatment. The purpose of our study was to examine the effect of perceived discrimination on anxiety in patients with coronavirus and to observe the role of psychological resilience as a mediator in this process. 376 patients with coronavirus were given a questionnaire, and 26 of them participated in in-depth interviews. Our results demonstrated that perceived discrimination in patients with coronavirus was predictive of anxiety and that strong perceptions of discrimination reduced patients’ psychological resilience levels, thereby triggering severe anxiety. Furthermore, psychological resilience was demonstrated to be a significant predictor of anxiety severity. Psychological resilience has been shown to act as a mediator between perceived discrimination and anxiety. As a response to COVID-19, the government, the media, and the general public should treat patients with coronavirus scientifically and rationally, minimize the secondary psychological damage caused by the perception of discrimination to the special groups of society represented by patients with coronavirus during the pandemic, correct the erroneous stigma generated by the traditional communication process, and prevent the spread of the psychosocial virus.
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Investigation of Fear of COVID-19, Work Stress and Affecting Factors in Prehospital Emergency Healthcare Workers. JOURNAL OF BASIC AND CLINICAL HEALTH SCIENCES 2022. [DOI: 10.30621/jbachs.1080699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Background: Since healthcare workers work in the same environment with infected patients, they have a higher risk in terms of COVID-19 transmission compared to other parts of society, and accordingly, they experience more stress.
Purpose: The aim of this study to investigate the fear of COVID-19, work stress, and affecting factors in prehospital healthcare workers.
Methods: The research has a descriptive and cross-sectional design. The research was completed with a total of 399 individuals. Data were collected online using an introductory information form, the Fear of COVID-19 Scale, and the General Work Stress Scale.
Results: The level of fear of COVID-19 was higher in women compared to men (B=-1.451, p=0.012), in married individuals compared to singles (B=-1.667, p=0.011), in those with low income compared to those with moderate or high income (B=-2.259, p
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32
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Lacomba‐Trejo L, Schoeps K, Valero‐Moreno S, del Rosario C, Montoya‐Castilla I. Teachers' Response to Stress, Anxiety and Depression During COVID-19 Lockdown: What Have We Learned From the Pandemic? THE JOURNAL OF SCHOOL HEALTH 2022; 92:864-872. [PMID: 35610141 PMCID: PMC9347633 DOI: 10.1111/josh.13192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/01/2022] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND As a result of national lockdown due to the COVID-19 outbreak, teachers were forced to suspend their classes and replace them with online teaching and home schooling. Additional stressors such as competing family responsibility have increased their worries and mental health problems. The aim of this study was to determine the impact of COVID-19-related worries on teachers' emotional symptoms, considering the mediating role of several protective factors. METHODS A total of 614 Chilean teachers (94.60% women) participated in this study using a cross-sectional design and incidental sampling method. Self-report data was collected assessing emotional symptoms, COVID-19-related worries, life satisfaction, affect balance, and resilience. Descriptive analyses, Pearson's correlations, hierarchical regressions, and mediation models were conducted. RESULTS The results indicated that emotional symptoms were associated with prepandemic physical and mental health problems, higher levels of worries and negative affect, as well as lower levels of life satisfaction and resilience. Results from the mediation models showed that the negative impact of COVID-19-related worries on emotional symptoms was alleviated by affect balance and resilience. CONCLUSIONS These findings highlight the importance of addressing the risk and protective factors for teachers' mental health during exceptional situations such as the ongoing pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Lacomba‐Trejo
- Department of Personality, Assessment and Psychological TreatmentsUniversitat de ValènciaValenciaSpain, Valencia
| | - Konstanze Schoeps
- Department of Personality, Assessment and Psychological TreatmentsUniversitat de ValènciaValenciaSpain, Valencia
| | - Selene Valero‐Moreno
- Department of Developmental and Educational PsychologyUniversitat de ValènciaValenciaSpain, Valencia
| | | | - Inmaculada Montoya‐Castilla
- Department of Personality, Assessment and Psychological TreatmentsUniversitat de ValènciaValenciaSpain, Valencia
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33
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Zhou M. COVID‐19‐related stigma and its impact on psychological distress: A cross‐sectional study in Wuhan, China. Health Sci Rep 2022; 5:e758. [PMID: 35949673 PMCID: PMC9358535 DOI: 10.1002/hsr2.758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2022] [Revised: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Min Zhou
- Department of Sociology University of Victoria Victoria Canada
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34
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Toh SY, Ng SA, Phoon ST. Accentuating technology acceptance among academicians: A conservation of resource perspective in the Malaysian context. EDUCATION AND INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES 2022; 28:2529-2545. [PMID: 36035977 PMCID: PMC9395954 DOI: 10.1007/s10639-022-11288-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Although recent research looked at the unified theory of acceptance and use of technology (UTAUT) model among academicians, there is still lacking an adequate account for their technology adoption intentions and behaviors in the face of the COVID-19 virus. This study applies the conservation of resource (COR) theory to ground the statistical results investigating the moderation and moderated mediation effects of COVID-19 anxiety in relation to the UTAUT model. According to the COR theory, anxiety linked with the COVID-19 pandemic endangers resources such as human connections (death of friends and relatives), job security and finances, as well as physical health and psychological well-being. Since resource loss is more salient according to COR theory, academicians are more willing to employ technologies like Zoom, MS Teams, and Google Classroom since the COVID-19 threat is existential and the resource loss is eminent. To test the theory, data was collected through an anonymous survey during the months of December 2020 and January 2021. The resultant data from 215 academicians was analyzed using Hayes Process Macro in SPSS. COVID-19 Anxiety positive moderates both the direct effects of Performance Expectance-Behavior Intention and the mediating Performance Expectance-Behavior Intension-Usage relationships. Similar results were seen for other predictors, albeit the moderated mediations for Effort Expectancy and Facilitating Conditions were not significant. These findings overwhelmingly corroborate the claims that COR theory more comprehensively explains the effects of COVID-19 anxiety among academicians in relation to the UTAUT model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seong-Yuen Toh
- Department of Management, Sunway University, 5, Jalan Universiti, Bandar Sunway, 47500 Petaling Jaya, Selangor Malaysia
| | - Su-Ann Ng
- Department of Management, Sunway University, 5, Jalan Universiti, Bandar Sunway, 47500 Petaling Jaya, Selangor Malaysia
| | - Siok-Tien Phoon
- Department of Management, Sunway University, 5, Jalan Universiti, Bandar Sunway, 47500 Petaling Jaya, Selangor Malaysia
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35
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Erdede O, Sarı E, Uygur Külcü N, Sezer Yamanel RG. The Impact of COVID-19 Lockdown on Pediatric Hospital Admissions in Turkey. J PEDIAT INF DIS-GER 2022. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-1755237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Objective Health care utilization has declined significantly during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. We aimed to analyze the impact of COVID-19 lockdowns on pediatric admissions in a Turkish medical center.
Methods This retrospective study was conducted by analyzing the numbers and records, including diagnoses, of patients admitted to our pediatric department between March 11, 2020 (the day of the first confirmed COVID-19 case in Turkey) and June 11, 2020 and comparing it with the diagnoses and numbers for the same period in 2019. The most common reasons for admissions were investigated.
Results Totally, 89,607 patients were included. Patient visits reduced drastically by 63.11 to 36.89% during the lockdown period compared to the preceding year. In addition to the impact of COVID-19 lockdowns on the total volume of patients, we observed significant variations in the distribution of diagnoses among children. The percentage of respiratory, gastrointestinal, immunological, and ophthalmologic diseases and allergic reactions statistically decreased (p < 0.001). In contrast, the relative percentage of neonatal, urogenital, neurological, cardiovascular, hematological, and dermatological diseases significantly increased (p < 0.001) among emergency department (ED) admissions. Notably, the percentage of respiratory diseases among ED patients decreased by 66.81 to 33.19%.
Conclusion COVID-19 strongly affected health care utilization. The public must be educated about the safety of hospital environments, and families should be encouraged to visit hospitals in case of emergencies. Additionally, changes in public health advice may help alter health care consumption patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ozlem Erdede
- Department of Pediatrics, Zeynep Kamil Maternity and Children's Disease Training and Research Hospital, University of Health Sciences, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Erdal Sarı
- Department of Pediatrics, Zeynep Kamil Maternity and Children's Disease Training and Research Hospital, University of Health Sciences, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Nihan Uygur Külcü
- Department of Pediatrics, Zeynep Kamil Maternity and Children's Disease Training and Research Hospital, University of Health Sciences, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Rabia Gönül Sezer Yamanel
- Department of Pediatrics, Zeynep Kamil Maternity and Children's Disease Training and Research Hospital, University of Health Sciences, Istanbul, Turkey
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Hossain MT, Islam MA, Jahan N, Nahar MT, Sarker MJA, Rahman MM, Deeba F, Hoque KE, Aktar R, Islam MM, Hossain MZ, Siddiqua L, Mahbub Z, Islam MN. Mental Health Status of Teachers During the Second Wave of the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Web-Based Study in Bangladesh. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:938230. [PMID: 35958639 PMCID: PMC9357994 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.938230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Following the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic, the government of Bangladesh implemented strict non-therapeutic measures, i.e., "social distancing," "lockdown," "work from home," in the first quarter of 2020. Like other professionals, teachers at schools, colleges and universities were confined within households. However, the introduction of online education imposed an additional burden on teachers along with growing household responsibilities, thus, affecting their psychological state. Aims This study was aimed to explore the prevalence of mental health problems among teachers in Bangladesh and to identify the associated risk factors. Methods This web-based cross-sectional study was conducted during the second wave of COVID-19 pandemic in Bangladesh. Data were collected from 381 teachers working at schools, colleges, and universities between 01 August and 29 August 2021 by administering a self-reported e-questionnaire using Google Form, where the mental health of teachers was assessed by depression, anxiety, and stress scale. Data were analyzed using IBM SPSS Statistics (Version 26) and STATA Version 16, and multiple linear regression was executed to predict mental health problems among teachers. Results The findings indicate that the overall prevalence of depression, anxiety, and stress among teachers was 35.4%, 43.7%, and 6.6%, respectively. The prevalence was higher among male and older teachers than among their female and younger colleagues. The findings further showed that place of residence, institution, self-reported health, usage of social and electronic media, and fear of COVID-19 significantly influenced the mental health status of teachers. Conclusion It is strongly recommended that the government and policymakers provide proper mental health services to teachers in order to reduce mental health problems and thus sustain the quality of education during and after the pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md. Tanvir Hossain
- Sociology Discipline, Social Science School, Khulna University, Khulna, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Akhtarul Islam
- Statistics Discipline, Science, Engineering and Technology School, Khulna University, Khulna, Bangladesh
| | - Nusrat Jahan
- Sociology Discipline, Social Science School, Khulna University, Khulna, Bangladesh
| | - Mst. Tanmin Nahar
- Statistics Discipline, Science, Engineering and Technology School, Khulna University, Khulna, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Juwel Ahmed Sarker
- Department of Development Studies, Faculty of Social Science and Humanities, Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science and Technology University, Dinajpur, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Mostafizur Rahman
- Department of Disaster and Human Security Management, Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences, Bangladesh University of Professionals, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Farah Deeba
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | | | - Rina Aktar
- Sociology Discipline, Social Science School, Khulna University, Khulna, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Mazharul Islam
- Department of Sociology, Faculty of Social Science, Government Azizul Haque College, Bogura, Bangladesh
| | | | - Laila Siddiqua
- Architecture Discipline, Science, Engineering and Technology School, Khulna University, Khulna, Bangladesh
| | | | - Md. Nazrul Islam
- Forestry and Wood Technology Discipline, Life Science School, Khulna University, Khulna, Bangladesh
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Jeong J, Kim AR, Hilton C, Hong I. Impact of Event Scale-6 (IES-6) for U.S. adults who experienced the COVID-19 pandemic. BMC Psychiatry 2022; 22:490. [PMID: 35869454 PMCID: PMC9305040 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-022-04136-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND COVID-19 pandemic causes psychological problems such as stress. It is important to accurately identify the level of stress and establish effective intervention. The Impact of Event Scale-6 (IES-6) is widely used for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) screening by measuring the level of subjective stress, but there has been no research on its psychometric properties with individuals who experienced the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS A random sample of 600 participants were randomly selected from a COVID-19 survey database (n = 6391). Rasch analysis was conducted to examine item fit, rating scale structure, construct validity, differential item functioning (DIF), and precision of the IES-6. RESULTS The principal component analysis of Rasch residuals (54.1% of the raw variance explained) and the average of residual correlations (average r = .19) supported the unidimensionality structure in the IES-6. The rating scale was suitable, and the item difficulty hierarchy was logical. The item fit and the DIF contrast were acceptable, except for item 5. The IES-6's person reliability was .76, which was also an acceptable level. CONCLUSIONS This study showed that the IES-6 has acceptable item-level psychometrics for screening the stress level in adults in the United States for individuals who have experienced the COVID-19 pandemic. The findings suggested that the IES-6 would be useful for the rapid identification of the high-level stressand allow clinicians to quickly provide interventions for people with the COVID-19 related stress and their families.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiin Jeong
- grid.15444.300000 0004 0470 5454Department of Occupational Therapy, Graduate School, Yonsei University, 135 Backun Hall, 1 Yonseidae-gil, Wonju-si, Gangwon-do Republic of Korea
| | - Ah-Ram Kim
- grid.15444.300000 0004 0470 5454Department of Occupational Therapy, Graduate School, Yonsei University, 135 Backun Hall, 1 Yonseidae-gil, Wonju-si, Gangwon-do Republic of Korea
| | - Claudia Hilton
- grid.176731.50000 0001 1547 9964Department of Occupational Therapy, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX USA
| | - Ickpyo Hong
- Department of Occupational Therapy, College of Software and Digital Healthcare Convergence, Yonsei University, 135 Backun Hall, 1 Yonseidae-gil, Wonju-si, Gangwon-do, Republic of Korea.
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Bhargava A, Dahiya P. COVID-19 Pandemic: Assessment of Current Strategies and Socio-economic Impact. JOURNAL OF HEALTH MANAGEMENT 2022. [DOI: 10.1177/09720634221109295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The coronavirus disease is a respiratory tract disorder which causes pneumonia-like symptoms in severe patients and mild flu-like symptoms in mild symptomatic cases first noticed in Wuhan, China. DNA sequencing and further analysis shows it to be 79% like the 2002 SARS-CoV and 50% like the 2012 MERS-CoV. It was also observed that the novel coronavirus’s spike protein was larger and very different from its previously known strains. For diagnosis, multiple strategies were developed and real time reverse-transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) technique was determined to be the best technique. The CT scan was also found effective majorly for the continuous assessment of the disease. Treatment strategies used in previous outbreaks were looked into and put to trial like convalescent plasma therapy. Vaccine development using various genetic engineering strategies are going on across the world. To contain the spread of the disease, countries with positive cases were put under lockdown to break the chain of spread. These lockdowns forced industries, offices, schools, religious places, stadiums, travel, and many more to close which impacted the economies of all the major countries. Lesser human interaction and more use of social media has impacted the social aspects of human life. Cases of domestic violence and mental stress increased among households. Economic stimulus package was announced by various countries to curb the socio-economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anushka Bhargava
- Centre for Biotechnology and Biochemical Engineering, Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Uttar Pradesh (AUUP), Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Praveen Dahiya
- Centre for Biotechnology and Biochemical Engineering, Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Uttar Pradesh (AUUP), Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Acar D, Kıcali ÜÖ. An Integrated Approach to COVID-19 Preventive Behaviour Intentions: Protection Motivation Theory, Information Acquisition, and Trust. SOCIAL WORK IN PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 37:419-434. [PMID: 34962187 DOI: 10.1080/19371918.2021.2018082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
COVID-19 has been a global threat since November 2019 due to its high transmission rates and the issue of unwillingness to vaccinate. Effective risk management requires accurate health communication and public compliance with reccomended preventive behaviors. Therefore, we investigated predictors of COVID-19 preventive behavior intention based on Protection Motivation Theory (PMT) in addition to frequency of public's use of and trust in a group of COVID-19 related information sources. This cross-sectional study was conducted on 458 adults in Turkey with online survey. Results showed that all PMT components (except perceived susceptibility) accounted for 49% of the variance in protection motivation and there was relationship between information sources and protection motivation. Overall, our study findings suggested that being more informed and having confidence in the feasibility (self-efficacy) and effectiveness (response efficacy) of preventive behaviors may particularly help slow the disease spread.
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Affiliation(s)
- Didem Acar
- Psychology Department, Bursa Uludağ University, Bursa, Turkey
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Gündoğan R, Kaplan Serin E. The Effects of Progressive Relaxation Exercises on COVID-19-Related Fear, Anxiety, and Sleep Quality in Emergency Aid Station Employees. Holist Nurs Pract 2022; Publish Ahead of Print:00004650-990000000-00009. [PMID: 35776843 DOI: 10.1097/hnp.0000000000000524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the effects of progressive relaxation exercises on emergency aid station employees' COVID-19-related fear, anxiety, and sleep quality levels. This study was conducted as a randomized, controlled, and experimental design and included 30 emergency aid station employees (emergency medical technicians and paramedics). The descriptive information form, Generalized Anxiety Disorder Test, COVID-19 Fear Scale, and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) were used for data collection. There was no significant difference between the groups in terms of their scale scores before the intervention (P > .05). After the intervention, there was a significant difference between the groups only in the sleep duration dimension of the PSQI. In the intervention group, on the other hand, there were significant differences in the anxiety, economic dimension of the Fear scale and the total sleep quality, and subjective sleep quality, sleep latency and daytime dysfunction dimensions after the intervention (P < .05). In this study, in comparison to the control group, the intervention group lowered their anxiety and fear levels and improved their sleep quality at the end of the 5 days. It was determined that anxiety and fear had a 35% cumulative effect on sleep quality (P > .05). According to the results of this study, progressive muscle relaxation exercises had a positive effect in improving the sleep quality and reducing the anxiety and fear levels of the emergency aid station employees.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reva Gündoğan
- Adiyaman Emergency Health Services, Adiyaman, Turkey (Dr Gündoğan); and Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, Gaziantep University, Gaziantep, Turkey (Dr Kaplan Serin)
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Havnen A, Ernstsen L. Does Change in Physical Activity During the Initial Phase of the COVID-19 Pandemic Predict Psychological Symptoms in Physically Active Adults? A Six-Month Longitudinal Study. Int J Public Health 2022; 67:1604528. [PMID: 35755952 PMCID: PMC9216186 DOI: 10.3389/ijph.2022.1604528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: The current study aimed to investigate if change in physical activity during the initial phase of the COVID-19 pandemic predicted severity of anxiety and depression symptoms 6 months later in physically active adults. Methods: A total of 855 respondents (32.6% women) completed the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) at two time points and reported change in physical activity habits in the first 3 months of the COVID-19 lockdown in Norway. Results: Women had higher prevalence rates than men for both anxiety and depression symptoms in the Unchanged, Increased and Decreased physical activity (PA) subgroups. Women and men who reported Increased PA at baseline were associated with increased risk for anxiety symptoms at time 2. Increased PA was associated with higher risk for depression at time 2 for women, but not for men. Conclusion: The results indicate that the COVID-19 pandemic is associated with deterioration in mental health also for physically active adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Audun Havnen
- Department of Psychology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.,St. Olav's University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Linda Ernstsen
- Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
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Practice towards Prevention and Control Measures of Coronavirus Disease and Associated Factors among Healthcare Workers in the Health Facilities of the Horo Guduru Wollega Zone, West Ethiopia, 2021. Glob Health Epidemiol Genom 2022; 2022:1973502. [PMID: 35844952 PMCID: PMC9256462 DOI: 10.1155/2022/1973502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Revised: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background A novel coronavirus, a virus that causes coronavirus disease (COVID-19), was first identified in Wuhan, China, on December 2019. The virus affects the respiratory system and it is highly contagious, spreading from person to person. Healthcare workers are more at risk due to the nature of their work, which is caring for both COVID-19-affected and nonaffected patients. Lack of knowledge about the disease directly affects early diagnosis and treatment, which may result in the rapid spread of the infection in the community. Having enough knowledge about a disease can always affect an individual's attitudes and practices. However, there is limited evidence on the knowledge, attitude, practice of prevention, and control measures of COVID-19 and associated factors among healthcare workers (HCWs) in resource-limited countries, including Ethiopia. Methods A facility-based cross-sectional study design was used among 334 samples of health workers who were selected using a stratified two-stage sampling technique, from health facilities of the Horo Guduru Wollega Zone from May to June 2021. A structured self-administered questionnaire was used to collect the data from the HCWs. The information collected was entered to EpiData version 3.1 and exported to SPSS version 21 software for further analyses. Bivariable and multivariable binary logistic regression analyses were used to identify factors associated with the KA practice of the HCWs. Those variables with a p value <05 with a 95% confidence interval (CI) were considered as statistically significantly associated with the outcome variable. Result Among the participating HCWs, 208 (64%; 95% CI: (58.8%, 69.2%)) of them had good practices of prevention and control measures of COVID-19 with the mean (±SD) practice score was 7.63 ± 2.45. Multivariable binary logistic regression revealed that being a health center worker (AOR = 0.34, 95% CI: (0.19, 0.60)), being trained (AOR = 0.41, 95% CI: (0.21, 0 .82)), and having sufficient knowledge (AOR = 2.73, 95% CI: (1.35, 5.53)) were significantly associated with good preventive practice. Conclusion The overall magnitude of practice of prevention and control measures of COVID-19 was not sufficient. Therefore, strategies for enhancing the capacity of healthcare workers to exercise practices of prevention and control measures of COVID-19 are needed.
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Adjaottor ES, Addo FM, Ahorsu FA, Chen HP, Ahorsu DK. Predictors of COVID-19 Stress and COVID-19 Vaccination Acceptance among Adolescents in Ghana. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19137871. [PMID: 35805530 PMCID: PMC9266030 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19137871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Revised: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) continues to ravage world economies, and with its recent mutations, countries worldwide are finding ways of ramping up their vaccination programmes. This cross-sectional design study, therefore, examined the predictors of COVID-19 stress and COVID-19 vaccination acceptance among adolescents in Ghana. A total of 817 participants were conveniently selected to respond to measures on fear of COVID-19, perceived stigma from COVID-19, self-stigma from COVID-19, believing COVID-19 information, COVID-19 infection prevention behaviours, COVID-19 stress, and COVID-19 vaccination acceptance. It was found that females believed COVID-19 information and accepted COVID-19 vaccination more than males did. Moreover, there were significant relationships between the majority of the COVID-19-related variables. Furthermore, fear of COVID-19, self-stigma from COVID-19, and COVID-19 infection prevention behaviours were found to be significant predictors of COVID-19 stress. Additionally, believing COVID-19 information, danger and contamination fears (a subscale of COVID-19 stress), and traumatic stress (a subscale of COVID-19 stress) were significant predictors of COVID-19 vaccination acceptance. These findings imply that different factors influence different COVID-19 variable. Therefore, careful considerations and research should be employed by health authorities and policymakers in preparing COVID-19 information to target different age groups and for different COVID-19 purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Sethina Adjaottor
- Department of Behavioural Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi AK-4944, Ghana; (E.S.A.); (F.-M.A.)
| | - Frimpong-Manso Addo
- Department of Behavioural Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi AK-4944, Ghana; (E.S.A.); (F.-M.A.)
| | | | - Hsin-Pao Chen
- Division of Colon and Rectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, E-DA Hospital, Kaohsiung 824, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung 824, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (H.-P.C.); (D.K.A.)
| | - Daniel Kwasi Ahorsu
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Faculty of Health & Social Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, 11 Yuk Choi Rd Hung Hom, Hong Kong, China
- Correspondence: (H.-P.C.); (D.K.A.)
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Mahmood QK, Sohail MM, Qureshi WA, Zakar R, Wrona KJ, Fischer F. Role of positive mental health in reducing fears related to COVID-19 and general anxiety disorder in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. BMC Psychol 2022; 10:163. [PMID: 35761390 PMCID: PMC9238220 DOI: 10.1186/s40359-022-00869-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The outbreak of the novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has posed multiple challenges to healthcare systems. Evidence suggests that mental well-being is badly affected due to compliance with preventative measures in containing the COVID-19 pandemic. This study aims to explore the role of positive mental health (subjective sense of wellbeing) to cope with fears related to COVID-19 and general anxiety disorder in the Pashtun community in Pakistan.
Methods A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 501 respondents from Khyber Pakhtunkhwa participating in an online-based study. We performed correlational analysis, hierarchical linear regression and structural equational modeling (SEM) to analyze the role of mental health in reducing fears and general anxiety disorder. Results The results of the SEM show that positive mental health has direct effects in reducing the fear related to COVID-19 (β = − 0.244, p < 0.001) and general anxiety (β = − 0.210, p < 0.001). Fears of COVID-19 has a direct effect on increasing general anxiety (β = 0.480). In addition, positive mental health also has an indirect effect (β = − 0.117, p < 0.001) on general anxiety (R2 = 0.32, p < 0.001) through reducing fear of coronavirus. Conclusion Based on these findings, there is a need to develop community health policies emphasizing on promotive and preventive mental health strategies for people practicing social/physical distancing.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Rubeena Zakar
- Institute of Social and Cultural Studies, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Kamil J Wrona
- School of Public Health, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Florian Fischer
- Institute of Public Health, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany. .,Bavarian Research Center for Digital Health and Social Care, Kempten University of Applied Sciences, Kempten, Germany.
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A Network Analysis of the Fear of COVID-19 Scale (FCV-19S): A Large-Scale Cross-Cultural Study in Iran, Bangladesh, and Norway. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19116824. [PMID: 35682405 PMCID: PMC9180255 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19116824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Revised: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The rapid spread of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has led to high levels of fear worldwide. Given that fear is an important factor in causing psychological distress and facilitating preventive behaviors, assessing the fear of COVID-19 is important. The seven-item Fear of COVID-19 Scale (FCV-19S) is a widely used psychometric instrument to assess this fear. However, the factor structure of the FCV-19S remains unclear according to the current evidence. Therefore, the present study used a network analysis to provide further empirical evidence for the factor structure of FCV-19S. A total of 24,429 participants from Iran (n = 10,843), Bangladesh (n = 9906), and Norway (n = 3680) completed the FCV-19S in their local language. A network analysis (via regularized partial correlation networks) was applied to investigate the seven FCV-19S items. Moreover, relationships between the FCV-19S items were compared across gender (males vs. females), age groups (18−30 years, 31−50 years, and >50 years), and countries (Iran, Bangladesh, and Norway). A two-factor structure pattern was observed (three items concerning physical factors, including clammy hands, insomnia, and heart palpitations; four items concerning psychosocial factors, including being afraid, uncomfortable, afraid of dying, and anxious about COVID-19 news). Moreover, this pattern was found to be the same among men and women, across age groups and countries. The network analysis used in the present study verified the two-factor structure for the FCV-19S. Future studies may consider using the two-factor structure of FCV-19S to assess the fear of COVID-19 during the COVID-19 era.
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Aborode AT, Olotu TM, Oyetunde O, Ajagbe AO, Mustapha MA, Karra-Aly A, Oko CI. COVID-19 outcomes in HIV patients: A review. Ann Med Surg (Lond) 2022; 78:103768. [PMID: 35600204 PMCID: PMC9109969 DOI: 10.1016/j.amsu.2022.103768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Revised: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The effect of COVID-19 is enormous, and high-risk COVID-19 case arises when underlying infections like diabetes, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, heart failure, coronary artery disease, or cardiomyopathy are present, and an immunocompromised state such as Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV). People living with HIV(PLHIV) may be exposed to severe COVID-19, mostly in areas with poor access to proper care and complex intervention for HIV infection. During the lockdown, those with medical appointments will not access health facilities, which may be detrimental to people living with HIV. Emerging evidence suggests COVID-19 pandemic fear may lead to adverse mental health outcomes and affect preventive behavior. In addition to the stigma and discrimination associated with HIV, COVID-19 is also causing concerns. People with HIV tend to have mental health issues such as depression, anxiety, and post-traumatic stress (PTSD), which can be both a cause and a harmful impact of HIV. Discussed in this research is the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on HIV patients, their similarities, differences, and urgent attention from healthcare centers to take charge and respond to patients with HIV and other immunosuppressed conditions during the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdullahi Tunde Aborode
- Healthy African Platform, Research and Development, Ibadan, Nigeria
- Student Against COVID-19, Research and Education, USA
| | - Titilayo Mabel Olotu
- Department of Microbiology, Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Bioinformatics and Immunology, Adeleke University, P. M. B 250, Ede, Osun State, Nigeria
- Healthy Africans Platform, Research and Development, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - O.B. Oyetunde
- Department of Microbiology, Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Bioinformatics and Immunology, Adeleke University, P. M. B 250, Ede, Osun State, Nigeria
- Healthy Africans Platform, Research and Development, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Abayomi Oyeyemi Ajagbe
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Nile University of Nigeria, P.M.B. 900001, Abuja, Nigeria
- Corresponding author.
| | | | - Ayah Karra-Aly
- Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Christian Inya Oko
- Institute of Applied Health Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
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Peker A, Cengiz S. Covid-19 fear, happiness and stress in adults: the mediating role of psychological resilience and coping with stress. Int J Psychiatry Clin Pract 2022; 26:123-131. [PMID: 34253128 DOI: 10.1080/13651501.2021.1937656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study is to examine the mediating role of coping with stress and psychological resilience in the relationship between happiness and perceived stress of COVID-19 fear in Turkish adults. METHODS 827 individuals (516 females, 311 males) above 18 years of age and living in Turkey participated in this research. The data of the research was collected through the COVID-19 Fear Scale, Depression-Happiness Scale Short Form, Perceived Stress Scale and Psychological Resilience Scale Short Form. RESULTS The results show that fear of COVID-19 negatively predicts happiness and positively predicts perceived stress. According to the results, psychological resilience and coping with perceived stress mediate the relationship between fear of COVID-19 and happiness and stress. Moreover, psychological resilience and coping with perceived stress mitigate the impact of COVID-19 fear on happiness and stress. CONCLUSIONS The findings provide evidence as to how to reduce the negative impact of COVID-19 on mental health. In addition, the results provide information to improve mental health during the pandemic period.KEY POINTSPsychological resilience reduces the effect of COVID-19 on stress and increases happiness levels.Coping with stress reduces the impact of COVID-19 on stress and increases happiness levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adem Peker
- Faculty of Education, Department of Educational Sciences, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Serkan Cengiz
- Serkan Cengiz, Yakutiye Guidance Research Center, Erzurum, Turkey
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Singh J, Chitranshi J. Impact on student behavior due to Covid-19 lockdown in India. CARDIOMETRY 2022. [DOI: 10.18137/cardiometry.2022.22.207214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
This paper aims to comprehend the change & impact on students’ behavior during the COVID-19 Lockdown in India. The research is conducted by surveying to assess the different behavioral changes due to the COVID-19 spread. Novel coronavirus pandemic started from Wuhan, China, on 31/12/19. It spread across the globe affecting 1,00 000 people within the span of two to three months. People across the globe were affected not just in terms of physical health but also mental & psychological health, resulting in major changes in their behavior. The digital questionnaire assessed the status of pupils’ mental and psychical nature while the COVID-19 lockdown was on. The questions were framed to answer how students felt about the pandemic and how it has affected their day-today life. The results of the survey revealed the measure of the anxiety level of the students. The survey results are analyzed on SPSS, and Pearson Coefficient is the method used for statistical analysis. The survey results revealed that 74.2% of the respondents favored cleaning their hands more often due to the COCID-19 pandemic. In the same way, an overwhelming number of student respondents have become aware that wearing masks is crucial to prevent the spread, and 95.9% of student respondents have favored wearing masks if they decide to step outside of their house. Student respondents are more worried about the possibility that their family members will catch the COVID-19 virus than the concern of themselves catching the virus. The student respondents showed clear signs of worry and unpredictability due to the COVID-19 spread. More than have 37.6% have responded that they are in a constant state of worry during the lockdown. The paper states varied responses from the students on the anxiety levels and that they have been experiencing high anxiety levels during the lockdown. The measurement and correlation between emotional & preventive behavior can provide viable options to reduce the outbreak and further control it.
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Durmuş A, Deniz S, Akbolat M, Çimen M. Does Cyberchondria Mediate the Effect of COVID-19 Fear on the Stress? SOCIAL WORK IN PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 37:356-369. [PMID: 35100946 DOI: 10.1080/19371918.2021.2014013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
To determine the effect of COVID-19 fear on the stress of the individuals, and to investigate the mediating role of cyberchondria on this effect. The population of the present study consisted of the individuals 18 years of age or older who were resident in the Bursa province of Turkey. The research enrolled 425 individuals who agreed to complete the questionnaire. The questionnaire, which consists of four sections including, (1) sociodemographic characteristics; (2) fear of COVID-19 scale; (3) short cyberchondria scale; and (4) perceived stress scale, was used to collect data in the study. Descriptive statistical methods and path analysis were used for data analysis. Fear of COVID-19 has a significant effect on perceived stress/distress which is mediated by cyberchondria. However, fear of COVID-19 does not have a significant effect on perceived insufficient self-efficacy. Similarly, cyberchondria does not have a mediating role in this effect. Reliable and accurate information resources should be presented about COVID-19; the individuals should adopt behaviors that would improve their health; and getting professional help should be encouraged for those with psychological problems. Otherwise, fear of COVID-19 causes perceived stress/distress to the individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayhan Durmuş
- Health Care Management Department, Sakarya Business School, Sakarya University, Sakarya, Turkey
| | - Serkan Deniz
- Management and Organization, Termal Vocational School, Yalova University, Yalova, Turkey
| | - Mahmut Akbolat
- Health Care Management Department, Sakarya Business School, Sakarya University, Sakarya, Turkey
| | - Mesut Çimen
- Health Care Management Department, Faculty of Health Science, Acıbadem Mehmet Ali Aydınlar University, İstanbul, Turkey
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Sun J, Sarfraz M, Khawaja KF, Ozturk I, Raza MA. The Perils of the Pandemic for the Tourism and Hospitality Industries: Envisaging the Combined Effect of COVID-19 Fear and Job Insecurity on Employees’ Job Performance in Pakistan. Psychol Res Behav Manag 2022; 15:1325-1346. [PMID: 35642192 PMCID: PMC9148606 DOI: 10.2147/prbm.s365972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose This study aims to improve employees’ job performance during COVID-19 pandemic circumstances and demonstrates the impact of COVID-19 fear on hospitality employees’ job performance under the mediating role of job insecurity changes and job loss insecurity. Methods The study adopts a quantitative approach, and data were accumulated through a structured questionnaire. In total, 509 valid questionnaires were received from employees working in Pakistan’s hospitality sector. A structural equation model using Smart-PLS software was used to analyze the collected data from the respondents. Results The results have identified that COVID-19 fear has a positive and significant influence on job insecurity changes, job loss insecurity, and a negative and significant relationship with job performance. The mediating relationship of job insecurity changes and job loss insecurity negatively significantly influence job performance. Additionally, results indicate a significant relationship between the moderating effect of the COVID-19 vaccines and job insecurity changes, job loss insecurity, and job performance. Conclusion The study revealed that employees who perceived their jobs to be insecure during the COVID-19 pandemic tried to cope with the situation, feel healthy, and perform well in their job after getting vaccinated. The study’s findings recommend modifying the employees’ working pattern for organizations. This study enhances the existing literature on the COVID-19 crisis in Pakistan’s hospitality industry. In particular, this study is a novel addition to academia that highlights the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the work performance of front desk employees in the hotel and tourism industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianmin Sun
- School of Management, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Muddassar Sarfraz
- School of Management, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Commerce & Business, Government College University Faisalabad, Layyah Campus, Layyah, Punjab, 31200, Pakistan
- Correspondence: Muddassar Sarfraz, Email
| | - Kausar Fiaz Khawaja
- Faculty of Management Sciences, International Islamic University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Ilknur Ozturk
- Faculty of Economics, Administrative and Social Sciences, Nisantasi University, Istanbul, 34485, Turkey
| | - Muhammad Ali Raza
- Department of Business Administration, National College of Business Administration and Economics, Multan Campus, Multan, 60000, Pakistan
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