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Ezz-Eldin YM, Ewees MG, Azouz AA, Khalaf MM. Investigating the tamoxifen/high-fat diet synergy: a promising paradigm for nonalcoholic steatohepatitis induction in a rat model. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2024:10.1007/s00210-024-03192-7. [PMID: 38884676 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-024-03192-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is a severe liver condition characterized by excessive fat deposition, ballooning, and lobular inflammation. This investigation was conducted to estimate the capability of concomitant tamoxifen administration (TAM) with a high fat diet (HFD) to induce a reliable NASH model that mimics human NASH features. Rats were administered TAM (25 mg/kg/day p.o.) and consumed HFD for 5 weeks. A time-course investigation was conducted to determine the optimal time for NASH development. Liver function indices, hepatic lipid profile factors, oxidative stress biomarkers, and inflammatory mediators were estimated. Additionally, macroscopic and microscopic changes were examined. Compared with the time-matched control group receiving vehicle alone, TAM/HFD significantly impaired liver function indices represented as marked elevation in ALT, AST, and ALP serum levels. TAM/HFD significantly increased lipid profile factors including high TG and TC hepatic levels. Additionally, TAM/HFD remarkably raised hepatic levels of TNF-α and IL-17 and significantly decreased IL-10. The combination also increases the oxidative status evidenced by high content of MDA as well as low activity of GPx and SOD. Accordingly, the combination of TAM and HFD for 5 weeks collaboratively promotes NASH development by initiating compromised hepatocyte functionality, elevated lipid levels, oxidative stress, and liver inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yousra M Ezz-Eldin
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Nahda University, Beni-Suef, Egypt.
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt.
| | - Mohamed G Ewees
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Nahda University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Amany A Azouz
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Marwa M Khalaf
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt.
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2
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Chen J, Zhao L, Zhang L, Luo Y, Jiang Y, H P. The identification of signature genes and their relationship with immune cell infiltration in age-related macular degeneration. Mol Biol Rep 2024; 51:339. [PMID: 38393419 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-023-08969-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a prevalent source of visual impairment among the elderly population, and its incidence has risen in tandem with the increasing longevity of humans. Despite the progress made with anti-VEGF therapy, clinical outcomes have proven to be unsatisfactory. METHOD We obtained differentially expressed genes (DEGs) of AMD patients and healthy controls from the GEO database. GO and KEGG analyses were used to enrich the DEGs. Weighted gene coexpression network analysis (WGCNA) was used to identify modules related to AMD. SVM, random forest, and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) were employed to screen hub genes. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) was used to explore the pathways in which these hub genes were enriched. CIBERSORT was utilized to analyze the relationship between the hub genes and immune cell infiltration. Finally, Western blotting and RT‒PCR were used to explore the expression of hub genes in AMD mice. RESULTS We screened 1084 DEGs in GSE29801, of which 496 genes were upregulated. These 1084 DEGs were introduced into the WGCNA, and 94 genes related to AMD were obtained. Seventy-nine overlapping genes were obtained by the Venn plot. These 79 genes were introduced into three machine-learning methods to screen the hub genes, and the genes identified by the three methods were TNC, FAP, SREBF1, and TGF-β2. We verified their diagnostic function in the GSE29801 and GSE103060 datasets. Then, the hub gene co-enrichment pathways were obtained by GO and KEGG analyses. CIBERSORT analysis showed that these hub genes were associated with immune cell infiltration. Finally, we found increased expression of TNC, FAP, SREBF1, and TGF-β2 mRNA and protein in the retinas of AMD mice. CONCLUSION We found that four hub genes, namely, FAP, TGF-β2, SREBF1, and TNC, have diagnostic significance in patients with AMD and are related to immune cell infiltration. Finally, we determined that the mRNA and protein expression of these hub genes was upregulated in the retinas of AMD mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinquan Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Tongnan District People's Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Long Zhao
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Longbin Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Tongnan District People's Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Yiling Luo
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Tongnan District People's Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Yuling Jiang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Tongnan District People's Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Peng H
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
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3
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Manohar K, Mesfin FM, Liu J, Shelley WC, Brokaw JP, Markel TA. Effect of Oral Chondroitin Sulfate Supplementation on Acute Brain Injury in a Murine Necrotizing Enterocolitis Model. J Am Coll Surg 2024; 238:82-98. [PMID: 37870229 DOI: 10.1097/xcs.0000000000000896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is a devastating condition where inflammatory changes and necrosis in the gut results in activation of brain microglia and subsequent neurodevelopmental impairment. Chondroitin sulfate (CS) is a glycosaminoglycan in human breast milk that is absent in conventional formulas. We hypothesized that oral formula supplementation with CS during a murine model of experimental NEC would not only attenuate intestinal injury, but also brain injury. STUDY DESIGN NEC was induced in mouse pups on postnatal days (PNDs) 5 to 8. Three conditions were studied: (1) breastfed controls, (2) NEC, and (3) NEC+enteral CS (formula+200 mg/kg/d of CS). Pups were euthanized on PND 9 or reunited with dams by the evening of PND 8. Intestinal segments were H&E stained, and immunohistochemistry was performed on brain tissue for Iba-1 to assess for microglial morphology and cortical changes. Neurodevelopmental assays were performed on mice reunited with foster dams on PND 9. Single-cell RNA-sequencing analysis was performed on human intestinal epithelial cells exposed to (1) nothing, (2) hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ) alone, or (3) H 2 O 2 + CS to look at the differential gene expression between groups. Groups were compared with ANOVA or Kruskal-Wallis tests as appropriate with p < 0.05 considered significant. RESULTS Compared with NEC, mice treated with oral CS showed improved clinical outcomes, decreased intestinal injury, and attenuated microglial activation and deleterious cortical change. Mice with CS performed better on early neurodevelopmental assays when compared with NEC alone. Single-cell analysis of HIEC-6 cells demonstrated that CS treatment down regulated several inflammatory pathways including nuclear factor κB-suggesting an explanation for the improved Th17 intestinal cytokine profile. CONCLUSIONS Oral CS supplementation improved both physiological, clinical, and developmental outcomes. These data suggest that CS is a safe compound for formula supplementation for the prevention of NEC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krishna Manohar
- From the Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN (Manohar, Mesfin, Liu, Shelley, Brokaw, Markel)
- Riley Hospital for Children at Indiana University Health, Indianapolis, IN (Manohar, Mesfin, Liu, Shelley, Brokaw, Markel)
| | - Fikir M Mesfin
- From the Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN (Manohar, Mesfin, Liu, Shelley, Brokaw, Markel)
- Riley Hospital for Children at Indiana University Health, Indianapolis, IN (Manohar, Mesfin, Liu, Shelley, Brokaw, Markel)
| | - Jianyun Liu
- From the Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN (Manohar, Mesfin, Liu, Shelley, Brokaw, Markel)
- Riley Hospital for Children at Indiana University Health, Indianapolis, IN (Manohar, Mesfin, Liu, Shelley, Brokaw, Markel)
| | - W Christopher Shelley
- From the Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN (Manohar, Mesfin, Liu, Shelley, Brokaw, Markel)
- Riley Hospital for Children at Indiana University Health, Indianapolis, IN (Manohar, Mesfin, Liu, Shelley, Brokaw, Markel)
| | - John P Brokaw
- From the Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN (Manohar, Mesfin, Liu, Shelley, Brokaw, Markel)
- Riley Hospital for Children at Indiana University Health, Indianapolis, IN (Manohar, Mesfin, Liu, Shelley, Brokaw, Markel)
| | - Troy A Markel
- From the Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN (Manohar, Mesfin, Liu, Shelley, Brokaw, Markel)
- Riley Hospital for Children at Indiana University Health, Indianapolis, IN (Manohar, Mesfin, Liu, Shelley, Brokaw, Markel)
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4
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Nguyen LTH. Signaling pathways and targets of natural products in psoriasis treatment. EXPLORATION OF MEDICINE 2022. [DOI: 10.37349/emed.2022.00098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: Psoriasis is a common chronic inflammatory skin disorder, which has adverse effects on patients’ quality of life. Natural products exhibit significant therapeutic capacities with small side effects and might be preferable alternative treatments for patients with psoriasis. This study summarizes the signaling pathways with the potential targets of natural products and their efficacy for psoriasis treatment.
Methods: The literature for this article was acquired from PubMed and Web of Science, from January 2010 to December 2020. The keywords for searching included “psoriasis” and “natural product”, “herbal medicine”, “herbal therapy”, “medicinal plant”, “medicinal herb” or “pharmaceutical plant”.
Results: Herbal extracts, natural compounds, and herbal prescriptions could regulate the signaling pathways to alleviate psoriasis symptoms, such as T helper 17 (Th17) differentiation, Janus kinase (JAK)/signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT), nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB), mitogen‑activated protein kinase (MAPK), phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), and other signaling pathways, which are involved in the inflammatory response and keratinocyte hyperproliferation. The anti-psoriatic effect of natural products in clinical trials was summarized.
Conclusions: Natural products exerted the anti-psoriatic effect by targeting multiple signaling pathways, providing evidence for the investigation of novel drugs. Further experimental research should be performed to screen and characterize the therapeutic targets of natural products for application in psoriasis treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ly Thi Huong Nguyen
- Department of Physiology, College of Korean Medicine, Dongguk University, Gyeongju 38066, Republic of Korea
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5
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Lee HS, Kim EN, Jeong GS. Ameliorative Effect of Citropten Isolated from Citrusaurantifolia Peel Extract as a Modulator of T Cell and Intestinal Epithelial Cell Activity in DSS-Induced Colitis. Molecules 2022; 27:4633. [PMID: 35889507 PMCID: PMC9321940 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27144633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Revised: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Citropten is a coumarin that is mainly found in fruits of Rutaceae trees, but its anti-inflammatory activities in colitis is still unknown. In this study, we investigated its attenuating effect of citropten isolated from Citrus aurantifolia extract on DSS-induced colitis through the modulation of the activity of T cells and intestinal epithelial cells. We found that pre-treatment with citropten downregulates the activity of T cells and intestinal epithelial cells without a negative effect on the viability of Jurkat and HT-29 cells. The results from the Western blot analysis revealed that pre-treatment with citropten reduces the NFκB and MAPK signaling pathway in activated T cells and intestinal epithelial cells. We elucidated that the oral administration of citropten alleviates the colonic inflammation and activity of effector T cells in DSS-induced colitis by measuring changes in body weight, histological scoring from H&E-stained sections, mRNA levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines and the phosphorylation level of the MAPK signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun-Su Lee
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Daegu Catholic University, Daegu 42472, Korea;
| | - Eun-Nam Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea;
| | - Gil-Saeng Jeong
- College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea;
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6
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Al-Harbi NO, Ahmad SF, Almutairi M, Alanazi AZ, Ibrahim KE, Alqarni SA, Alqahtani F, Alhazzani K, Alharbi M, Alasmari F, Nadeem A. Lck signaling inhibition causes improvement in clinical features of psoriatic inflammation through reduction in inflammatory cytokines in CD4+ T cells in imiquimod mouse model. Cell Immunol 2022; 376:104531. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2022.104531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Revised: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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7
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Yao F, Zhan Y, Pu Z, Lu Y, Chen J, Deng J, Wu Z, Chen B, Chen J, Tian K, Ni Y, Mou L. LncRNAs Target Ferroptosis-Related Genes and Impair Activation of CD4 + T Cell in Gastric Cancer. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:797339. [PMID: 34966745 PMCID: PMC8710671 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.797339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) is a malignant disease of the digestive tract and a life-threatening disease worldwide. Ferroptosis, an iron-dependent cell death caused by lipid peroxidation, is reported to be highly correlated with gastric tumorigenesis and immune cell activity. However, the underlying relationship between ferroptosis and the tumor microenvironment in GC and potential intervention strategies have not been unveiled. In this study, we profiled the transcriptome and prognosis data of ferroptosis-related genes (FRGs) in GC samples of the TCGA-STAD dataset. The infiltrating immune cells in GC were estimated using the CIBERSORT and XCELL algorithms. We found that the high expression of the hub FRGs (MYB, PSAT1, TP53, and LONP1) was positively correlated with poor overall survival in GC patients. The results were validated in an external GC cohort (GSE62254). Further immune cell infiltration analysis revealed that CD4+ T cells were the major infiltrated cells in the tumor microenvironment of GC. Moreover, the hub FRGs were significantly positively correlated with activated CD4+ T cell infiltration, especially Th cells. The gene features in the high-FRG score group were enriched in cell division, DNA repair, protein folding, T cell receptor, Wnt and NIK/NF-kappaB signaling pathways, indicating that the hub FRGs may mediate CD4+ T cell activation by these pathways. In addition, an upstream transcriptional regulation network of the hub FRGs by lncRNAs was also developed. Three lncRNAs (A2M-AS1, C2orf27A, and ZNF667-AS1) were identified to be related to the expression of the hub FRGs. Collectively, these results showed that lncRNA A2M-AS1, C2orf27A, and ZNF667-AS1 may target the hub FRGs and impair CD4+ T cell activation, which finally leads to poor prognosis of GC. Effective interventions for the above lncRNAs and the hub FRGs can help promote CD4+ T cell activation in GC patients and improve the efficacy of immunotherapy. These findings provide a novel idea of GC immunotherapy and hold promise for future clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuwen Yao
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Shenzhen Institute of Translational Medicine, Health Science Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Shenzhen, China.,Shenzhen Xenotransplantation Medical Engineering Research and Development Center, Shenzhen Institute of Translational Medicine, Health Science Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yongqiang Zhan
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Shenzhen Institute of Translational Medicine, Health Science Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zuhui Pu
- Imaging Department, Shenzhen Institute of Translational Medicine , Health Science Center, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Ying Lu
- Shenzhen Xenotransplantation Medical Engineering Research and Development Center, Shenzhen Institute of Translational Medicine, Health Science Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jiao Chen
- Shenzhen Xenotransplantation Medical Engineering Research and Development Center, Shenzhen Institute of Translational Medicine, Health Science Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jing Deng
- Shenzhen Xenotransplantation Medical Engineering Research and Development Center, Shenzhen Institute of Translational Medicine, Health Science Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zijing Wu
- Shenzhen Xenotransplantation Medical Engineering Research and Development Center, Shenzhen Institute of Translational Medicine, Health Science Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Binhua Chen
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Shenzhen Institute of Translational Medicine, Health Science Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jinjun Chen
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Shenzhen Institute of Translational Medicine, Health Science Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Kuifeng Tian
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Shenzhen Institute of Translational Medicine, Health Science Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yong Ni
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Shenzhen Institute of Translational Medicine, Health Science Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Lisha Mou
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Shenzhen Institute of Translational Medicine, Health Science Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Shenzhen, China.,Shenzhen Xenotransplantation Medical Engineering Research and Development Center, Shenzhen Institute of Translational Medicine, Health Science Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
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8
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NF-κB regulation in maternal immunity during normal and IUGR pregnancies. Sci Rep 2021; 11:20971. [PMID: 34697371 PMCID: PMC8545974 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-00430-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Intrauterine Growth Restriction (IUGR) is a leading cause of perinatal death with no effective cure, affecting 5-10% pregnancies globally. Suppressed pro-inflammatory Th1/Th17 immunity is necessary for pregnancy success. However, in IUGR, the inflammatory response is enhanced and there is a limited understanding of the mechanisms that lead to this abnormality. Regulation of maternal T-cells during pregnancy is driven by Nuclear Factor Kappa B p65 (NF-κB p65), and we have previously shown that p65 degradation in maternal T-cells is induced by Fas activation. Placental exosomes expressing Fas ligand (FasL) have an immunomodulatory function during pregnancy. The aim of this study is to investigate the mechanism and source of NF-κB regulation required for successful pregnancy, and whether this is abrogated in IUGR. Using flow cytometry, we demonstrate that p65+ Th1/Th17 cells are reduced during normal pregnancy, but not during IUGR, and this phenotype is enforced when non-pregnant T-cells are cultured with normal maternal plasma. We also show that isolated exosomes from IUGR plasma have decreased FasL expression and are reduced in number compared to exosomes from normal pregnancies. In this study, we highlight a potential role for FasL+ exosomes to regulate NF-κB p65 in T-cells during pregnancy, and provide the first evidence that decreased exosome production may contribute to the dysregulation of p65 and inflammation underlying IUGR pathogenesis.
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9
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Zhang QM, Ni WW, Li Y, Zhang X, Hou JC, Meng XC, Li AL, Jiang ZM. Analysis of altered miRNA profiling in the colon of a mouse model with β-lactoglobulin allergy. Allergol Immunopathol (Madr) 2020; 48:666-674. [PMID: 33131977 DOI: 10.1016/j.aller.2020.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2020] [Revised: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 05/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The differences in the expression profiles of colonic miRNAs between β-lactoglobulin (β-Lg) allergic mice and normal mice were analyzed to investigate the important role of the miRNA regulation mechanism in the pathogenesis of cow's milk allergy. METHODS The present study performed Illumina sequencing to characterize the miRNA profile changes in mouse colon responding to β-Lg challenge. Target genes were predicted by TargetScan 50 and miRanda 3.3a algorithms and assessed by GO and KEGG analysis. The expression levels of selected miRNAs and cytokine production were verified by cell transfection and quantitative RT-PCR. RESULTS A total of 15 miRNAs were diversely expressed between the colon of the normal and β-Lg-sensitized mice (P < 0.05, fold change of >1.50 or <0.67), including six up-regulated miRNAs and nine down-regulated miRNAs, among which seven miRNAs were validated using qRT-PCR. GO enrichment and KEGG pathway analyses further revealed that biological process, protein binding, cytoplasm and the pathways of cancer were significantly enriched, which were closely connected to the allergic inflammation development. Additionally, six key functional interaction pairs in β-Lg allergy were identified in miRNA prediction algorithms and verified using qRT-PCR. CONCLUSIONS We can conclude that our results suggested that the miRNAs regulation network participated in the pathogenesis of cow's milk allergy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Q-M Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education, Food College, Northeast Agriculture University, Harbin, China
| | - W-W Ni
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education, Food College, Northeast Agriculture University, Harbin, China
| | - Y Li
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education, Food College, Northeast Agriculture University, Harbin, China
| | - X Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education, Food College, Northeast Agriculture University, Harbin, China
| | - J-C Hou
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education, Food College, Northeast Agriculture University, Harbin, China
| | - X C Meng
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education, Food College, Northeast Agriculture University, Harbin, China
| | - A-L Li
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education, Food College, Northeast Agriculture University, Harbin, China.
| | - Z-M Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education, Food College, Northeast Agriculture University, Harbin, China.
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10
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Rodionova K, Hilgers KF, Paulus EM, Tiegs G, Ott C, Schmieder R, Schiffer M, Amann K, Veelken R, Ditting T. Neurogenic tachykinin mechanisms in experimental nephritis of rats. Pflugers Arch 2020; 472:1705-1717. [PMID: 33070237 PMCID: PMC7691313 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-020-02469-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Revised: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrated earlier that renal afferent pathways combine very likely “classical” neural signal transduction to the central nervous system and a substance P (SP)–dependent mechanism to control sympathetic activity. SP content of afferent sensory neurons is known to mediate neurogenic inflammation upon release. We tested the hypothesis that alterations in SP-dependent mechanisms of renal innervation contribute to experimental nephritis. Nephritis was induced by OX-7 antibodies in rats, 6 days later instrumented for recording of blood pressure (BP), heart rate (HR), drug administration, and intrarenal administration (IRA) of the TRPV1 agonist capsaicin to stimulate afferent renal nerve pathways containing SP and electrodes for renal sympathetic nerve activity (RSNA). The presence of the SP receptor NK-1 on renal immune cells was assessed by FACS. IRA capsaicin decreased RSNA from 62.4 ± 5.1 to 21.6 ± 1.5 mV s (*p < 0.05) in controls, a response impaired in nephritis. Suppressed RSNA transiently but completely recovered after systemic administration of a neurokinin 1 (NK1-R) blocker. NK-1 receptors occurred mainly on CD11+ dendritic cells (DCs). An enhanced frequency of CD11c+NK1R+ cell, NK-1 receptor+ macrophages, and DCs was assessed in nephritis. Administration of the NK-1R antagonist aprepitant during nephritis reduced CD11c+NK1R+ cells, macrophage infiltration, renal expression of chemokines, and markers of sclerosis. Hence, SP promoted renal inflammation by weakening sympathoinhibitory mechanisms, while at the same time, substance SP released intrarenally from afferent nerve fibers aggravated immunological processes i.e. by the recruitment of DCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina Rodionova
- Department of Internal Medicine 4 (Nephrology und Hypertension), Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen, Loschgestraße 8, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Karl F Hilgers
- Department of Internal Medicine 4 (Nephrology und Hypertension), Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen, Loschgestraße 8, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Eva-Maria Paulus
- Department of Internal Medicine 4 (Nephrology und Hypertension), Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen, Loschgestraße 8, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Gisa Tiegs
- Center of Internal Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Christian Ott
- Department of Internal Medicine 4 (Nephrology und Hypertension), Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen, Loschgestraße 8, 91054, Erlangen, Germany.,Department of Internal Medicine 4 (Nephrology und Hypertension), Paracelsus Private Medical School, Klinikum Nuremberg, Nuremberg, Germany
| | - Roland Schmieder
- Department of Internal Medicine 4 (Nephrology und Hypertension), Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen, Loschgestraße 8, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Mario Schiffer
- Department of Internal Medicine 4 (Nephrology und Hypertension), Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen, Loschgestraße 8, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Kerstin Amann
- Department of Nephropathology, University of Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Roland Veelken
- Department of Internal Medicine 4 (Nephrology und Hypertension), Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen, Loschgestraße 8, 91054, Erlangen, Germany. .,Department of Internal Medicine 4 (Nephrology und Hypertension), Paracelsus Private Medical School, Klinikum Nuremberg, Nuremberg, Germany.
| | - Tilmann Ditting
- Department of Internal Medicine 4 (Nephrology und Hypertension), Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen, Loschgestraße 8, 91054, Erlangen, Germany.,Department of Internal Medicine 4 (Nephrology und Hypertension), Paracelsus Private Medical School, Klinikum Nuremberg, Nuremberg, Germany
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11
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Role of different Th17 and Treg downstream signalling pathways in the pathogenesis of Staphylococcus aureus infection induced septic arthritis in mice. Exp Mol Pathol 2020; 116:104485. [PMID: 32574668 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexmp.2020.104485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2020] [Revised: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Septic arthritis is a condition of bone disorder caused predominantly by Staphylococcus aureus. Following the bacterial entry activated immune cells specially macrophages and dendritic cells release pro-inflammatory mediators such as IL-6, TNF-α, IL-1β etc., which not only create an inflammatory microenvironment but also play crucial roles in the proliferation of different CD+ T cell subsets. Among them, Th17 and Tregs are of major concern in recent times because of their potential roles in regulating the ongoing inflammation in many diseases including experimental arthritis. But the downstream signalling mechanism of these cells in regulating the severity of inflammation in case of septic arthritis is not known yet. So, here we have established a murine model of S. aureus induced septic arthritis and kept the animal upto 15 days post-infection. To examine the signalling mechanism, Th17 and Treg cells were isolated from blood, spleen and synovial joints of control and infected mice and observed the expression of JNK, NFκB and RANKL in the lysate of isolated Th17 and Tregs. We have also estimated the levels of serum IL-21 and TGF-β. NFκB, JNK and RANKL expression was found to be higher at 3 and 15 days post-infection along with serum IL-21 levels. On the other hand, maximum TGF-β level was observed at 9 days post-infection along with increased Treg population. In conclusion it was hypothesized that bone resorption is related with downstream signalling pathways of Th17 cells, which stimulate osteoclast generation via NFκB/JNK-RANKL axis and helps in the persistence of the disease.
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Recent insights of T cell receptor-mediated signaling pathways for T cell activation and development. Exp Mol Med 2020; 52:750-761. [PMID: 32439954 PMCID: PMC7272404 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-020-0435-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 200] [Impact Index Per Article: 50.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2019] [Revised: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
T cell activation requires extracellular stimulatory signals that are mainly mediated by T cell receptor (TCR) complexes. The TCR recognizes antigens on major histocompatibility complex molecules with the cooperation of CD4 or CD8 coreceptors. After recognition, TCR-induced signaling cascades that propagate signals via various molecules and second messengers are induced. Consequently, many features of T cell-mediated immune responses are determined by these intracellular signaling cascades. Furthermore, differences in the magnitude of TCR signaling direct T cells toward distinct effector linages. Therefore, stringent regulation of T cell activation is crucial for T cell homeostasis and proper immune responses. Dysregulation of TCR signaling can result in anergy or autoimmunity. In this review, we summarize current knowledge on the pathways that govern how the TCR complex transmits signals into cells and the roles of effector molecules that are involved in these pathways.
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González-Quilen C, Rodríguez-Gallego E, Beltrán-Debón R, Pinent M, Ardévol A, Blay MT, Terra X. Health-Promoting Properties of Proanthocyanidins for Intestinal Dysfunction. Nutrients 2020; 12:E130. [PMID: 31906505 PMCID: PMC7019584 DOI: 10.3390/nu12010130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Revised: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 12/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The intestinal barrier is constantly exposed to potentially harmful environmental factors, including food components and bacterial endotoxins. When intestinal barrier function and immune homeostasis are compromised (intestinal dysfunction), inflammatory conditions may develop and impact overall health. Evidence from experimental animal and cell culture studies suggests that exposure of intestinal mucosa to proanthocyanidin (PAC)-rich plant products, such as grape seeds, may contribute to maintaining the barrier function and to ameliorating the pathological inflammation present in diet-induced obesity and inflammatory bowel disease. In this review, we aim to update the current knowledge on the bioactivity of PACs in experimental models of intestinal dysfunction and in humans, and to provide insights into the underlying biochemical and molecular mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - M Teresa Blay
- MoBioFood Research Group, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43007 Tarragona, Spain; (C.G.-Q.); (E.R.-G.); (R.B.-D.); (M.P.); (A.A.); (X.T.)
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Protein Phosphatase 1α and Cofilin Regulate Nuclear Translocation of NF-κB and Promote Expression of the Anti-Inflammatory Cytokine Interleukin-10 by T Cells. Mol Cell Biol 2018; 38:MCB.00041-18. [PMID: 30181394 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.00041-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2018] [Accepted: 08/23/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
While several protein serine/threonine kinases control cytokine production by T cells, the roles of serine/threonine phosphatases are largely unexplored. Here, we analyzed the involvement of protein phosphatase 1α (PP1α) in cytokine synthesis following costimulation of primary human T cells. Small interfering RNA (siRNA)-mediated knockdown of PP1α (PP1KD) or expression of a dominant negative PP1α (D95N-PP1) drastically diminished interleukin-10 (IL-10) production. Focusing on a key transcriptional activator of human IL-10, we demonstrate that nuclear translocation of NF-κB was significantly inhibited in PP1KD or D95N-PP1 cells. Interestingly, knockdown of cofilin, a known substrate of PP1 containing a nuclear localization signal, also prevented nuclear accumulation of NF-κB. Expression of a constitutively active nonphosphorylatable S3A-cofilin in D95N-PP1 cells restored nuclear translocation of NF-κB and IL-10 expression. Subpopulation analysis revealed that defective nuclear translocation of NF-κB was most prominent in CD4+ CD45RA- CXCR3- T cells that included IL-10-producing TH2 cells. Together these findings reveal novel functions for PP1α and its substrate cofilin in T cells namely the regulation of the nuclear translocation of NF-κB and promotion of IL-10 production. These data suggest that stimulation of PP1α could limit the overwhelming immune responses seen in chronic inflammatory diseases.
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15
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Torabi S, Tamaddon M, Asadolahi M, Shokri G, Tavakoli R, Tasharrofi N, Rezaei R, Tavakolpour V, Sazegar H, Kouhkan F. miR-455-5p downregulation promotes inflammation pathways in the relapse phase of relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis disease. Immunogenetics 2018; 71:87-95. [DOI: 10.1007/s00251-018-1087-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2018] [Accepted: 09/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Lee JY, Kim GJ, Choi JK, Choi YA, Jeong NH, Park PH, Choi H, Kim SH. 4-(Hydroxymethyl)catechol Extracted From Fungi in Marine Sponges Attenuates Rheumatoid Arthritis by Inhibiting PI3K/Akt/NF-κB Signaling. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:726. [PMID: 30079020 PMCID: PMC6062625 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.00726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2018] [Accepted: 06/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a progressive autoimmune disease specific to synovial joints; it causes joint damage and other systemic abnormalities, thereby leading to physical disability and early mortality. Marine sponge-derived fungi, Pestalotiopsis sp., secrete immunosuppressive compounds in the culture broth. In the present study, we isolated 4-(hydroxymethyl)catechol (4-HMC) from these fungal species, and evaluated its anti-RA effects using a murine collagen-induced arthritis model and tumor necrosis factor-α-stimulated human RA synovial fibroblasts. Oral 4-HMC administration decreased the clinical arthritis score, paw thickness, histologic and radiologic changes, and serum IgG1 and IgG2a levels. It prevented the proliferation of helper T (Th) 1/Th17 CD4+ lymphocytes isolated from inguinal lymph nodes, thereby reducing inflammatory cytokine production in CIA mice. It decreased the expression of inflammatory mediators, including cytokines and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), both in vitro and in vivo. We observed that 4-HMC suppresses Th immune responses and MMP expression to inhibit inflammatory cytokine production in human RA synovial fibroblasts by modulating the PI3K/Akt/NF-κB pathway. These results verify the anti-RA potential of 4-HMC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong Y Lee
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, CMRI, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Geum J Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, South Korea
| | - Jin K Choi
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, CMRI, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea.,Molecular Immunology Section, Laboratory of Immunology, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Young-Ae Choi
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, CMRI, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Na-Hee Jeong
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, CMRI, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Pil-Hoon Park
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, South Korea
| | - Hyukjae Choi
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, South Korea
| | - Sang-Hyun Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, CMRI, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
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Abstract
Pityriasis rubra pilaris (PRP) is an idiopathic, papulosquamous inflammatory dermatosis. It is characterized by hyperkeratotic follicular papules coalescing into orange-red scaly plaques, islands of sparing, and palmoplantar keratoderma. PRP can be subdivided into six clinical subtypes according to Griffiths' classification, based on age of onset, disease extent, prognosis, and other associated features. The sixth subtype of PRP occurs in individuals affected by HIV infection, and retroviral screening in all de novo cases of PRP is advised. Other reported associations include various infections, autoimmunity, drugs, and malignancies, although the true significance of these is still unclear. The genetic basis for familial cases, most commonly categorized under the fifth subtype, has been mapped to gain of function mutations in the caspase recruitment domain family, member 14 (CARD14) gene. Treatment of PRP remains a challenge to this day due to a paucity of high-quality evidence. Therapeutic regimens have been guided mostly by case reports and case series, with the mainstay of treatment being oral retinoids. Recently, biologics have emerged as a promising treatment for PRP. We present a review of the clinicopathologic features, pathogenesis, associated disorders, and treatment of PRP, with an emphasis and critical appraisal of the existing literature on the latter.
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El Azhary K, Tahiri Jouti N, El Khachibi M, Moutia M, Tabyaoui I, El Hou A, Achtak H, Nadifi S, Habti N, Badou A. Anti-inflammatory potential of Capparis spinosa L. in vivo in mice through inhibition of cell infiltration and cytokine gene expression. Altern Ther Health Med 2017; 17:81. [PMID: 28143472 PMCID: PMC5282892 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-017-1569-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2016] [Accepted: 01/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Background Several chronic inflammatory diseases are characterized by inappropriate CD4+ T cell response. In the present study, we assessed the ability of Capparis spinosa L. (CS) preparation to orientate, in vivo, the immune response mediated by CD4+ T cells towards an anti-inflammatory response. Methods The in vivo study was carried out by using the contact hypersensitivity (CHS) model in Swiss mice. Then we performed a histological analysis followed by molecular study by using real time RT-PCR. We also realized a phytochemical screening and a liquid-liquid separation of CS preparation. Results Our study allowed us to detect a significantly reduced edema in mice treated with CS preparations relative to control. CS effect was dose dependent, statistically similar to that observed with indomethacin, independent of the plant genotype and of the period of treatment. Furthermore, our histology studies revealed that CS induced a significant decrease in immune cell infiltration, in vasodilatation and in dermis thickness in the inflammatory site. Interestingly, we showed that CS operated by inhibiting cytokine gene expression including IFNγ, IL-17 and IL-4. Besides, phytochemical screening of CS extract showed the presence of several chemical families such as saponins, flavonoids and alkaloids. One (hexane fraction) out of the three distinct prepared fractions, exhibited an anti-inflammatory effect similar to that of the raw preparation, and would likely contain the bioactive(s) molecule(s). Conclusions Altogether, our data indicate that CS regulates inflammation induced in vivo in mice and thus could be a source of anti-inflammatory molecules, which could be used in some T lymphocyte-dependent inflammatory diseases. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12906-017-1569-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Kim H, Kim Y, Bae S, Kong JM, Choi J, Jang M, Choi J, Hong JM, Hwang YI, Kang JS, Lee WJ. Direct Interaction of CD40 on Tumor Cells with CD40L on T Cells Increases the Proliferation of Tumor Cells by Enhancing TGF-β Production and Th17 Differentiation. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0125742. [PMID: 25992978 PMCID: PMC4436336 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0125742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2014] [Accepted: 03/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
It has recently been reported that the CD40-CD40 ligand (CD40L) interaction is important in Th17 development. In addition, transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) promotes tumorigenesis as an immunosuppressive cytokine and is crucial in the development of Th17 cells. This study investigated the role of CD40 in breast cancer cells and its role in immunosuppressive function and tumor progression. CD40 was highly expressed in the breast cancer cell line MDA-MB231, and its stimulation with CD40 antibodies caused the up-regulation of TGF-β. Direct CD40-CD40L interaction between MDA-MB231 cells and activated T cells also increased TGF-β production and induced the production of IL-17, which accelerated the proliferation of MDA-MB231 cells through the activation of STAT3. Taken together, the direct CD40-CD40L interaction of breast tumor cells and activated T cells increases TGF-β production and the differentiation of Th17 cells, which promotes the proliferation of breast cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyemin Kim
- Laboratory of Vitamin C and Antioxidant Immunology, Department of Anatomy, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 110–799, Korea
- Institute of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Seoul National University Medical Research Center, Seoul, 110–799, Korea
| | - Yejin Kim
- Laboratory of Vitamin C and Antioxidant Immunology, Department of Anatomy, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 110–799, Korea
| | - Seyeon Bae
- Laboratory of Vitamin C and Antioxidant Immunology, Department of Anatomy, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 110–799, Korea
| | - Joo Myoung Kong
- Laboratory of Vitamin C and Antioxidant Immunology, Department of Anatomy, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 110–799, Korea
| | - Jiwon Choi
- Laboratory of Vitamin C and Antioxidant Immunology, Department of Anatomy, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 110–799, Korea
| | - Mirim Jang
- Laboratory of Vitamin C and Antioxidant Immunology, Department of Anatomy, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 110–799, Korea
| | - Jiyea Choi
- Laboratory of Vitamin C and Antioxidant Immunology, Department of Anatomy, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 110–799, Korea
| | - Jun-man Hong
- Laboratory of Vitamin C and Antioxidant Immunology, Department of Anatomy, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 110–799, Korea
| | - Young-il Hwang
- Laboratory of Vitamin C and Antioxidant Immunology, Department of Anatomy, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 110–799, Korea
| | - Jae Seung Kang
- Laboratory of Vitamin C and Antioxidant Immunology, Department of Anatomy, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 110–799, Korea
- Institute of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Seoul National University Medical Research Center, Seoul, 110–799, Korea
- * E-mail:
| | - Wang Jae Lee
- Laboratory of Vitamin C and Antioxidant Immunology, Department of Anatomy, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 110–799, Korea
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Nuñez Ortiz N, Gerdol M, Stocchi V, Marozzi C, Randelli E, Bernini C, Buonocore F, Picchietti S, Papeschi C, Sood N, Pallavicini A, Scapigliati G. T cell transcripts and T cell activities in the gills of the teleost fish sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax). DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2014; 47:309-318. [PMID: 25109574 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2014.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2014] [Revised: 07/23/2014] [Accepted: 07/23/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The gills of fish are a mucosal tissue that contains T cells involved in the recognition of non-self and pathogens, and in this work we describe some features of gill-associated T cells of European sea bass, a marine model species. A whole transcriptome was obtained by deep sequencing of RNA from unstimulated gills that has been analyzed for the presence of T cell-related transcripts. Of the putative expressed sequences identified in the transcriptome, around 30 were related to main functions related to T cells including Th1/Th2/Th17/Treg cell subpopulations, thus suggesting their possible presence in the branchial epithelium. The number of T cells in the gills of sea bass, measured with the specific T cell mAb DLT15 range from 10% to 20%, and IHC analysis shows their abundance and distribution in the epithelium. Leukocytes from gills are able to proliferate in the presence of lectins ConA and PHA, as measured by flow cytometry using CFSE fluorescence incorporation, and during proliferation the number of T cells counted by immunofluorescence increased. In lectin-proliferating cells the expression of T cell-related genes TRβ, TRγ, CD4, CD8α, CD45 and IL-10 increased dramatically. Our data represent a first analysis on T cell genes and on basic T cell activities of fish gills, and suggest the presence of functionally active subpopulations of T lymphocytes in this tissue.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Bass/genetics
- Bass/immunology
- Cell Proliferation/drug effects
- Concanavalin A/pharmacology
- Fish Proteins/genetics
- Fish Proteins/immunology
- Gene Expression Profiling
- Gene Expression Regulation
- Gills/cytology
- Gills/immunology
- Gills/metabolism
- Immunity, Mucosal
- Immunophenotyping
- Molecular Sequence Annotation
- Phytohemagglutinins/pharmacology
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/immunology
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/genetics
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/cytology
- T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/metabolism
- Th1 Cells/cytology
- Th1 Cells/immunology
- Th1 Cells/metabolism
- Th17 Cells/cytology
- Th17 Cells/immunology
- Th17 Cells/metabolism
- Th2 Cells/cytology
- Th2 Cells/immunology
- Th2 Cells/metabolism
- Transcriptome/genetics
- Transcriptome/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
- N Nuñez Ortiz
- Dipartimento per l'Innovazione nei Sistemi Biologici Agroalimentari e Forestali, Università della Tuscia, Italy
| | - M Gerdol
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita, Università di Trieste, Italy
| | - V Stocchi
- Dipartimento per l'Innovazione nei Sistemi Biologici Agroalimentari e Forestali, Università della Tuscia, Italy
| | - C Marozzi
- Dipartimento per l'Innovazione nei Sistemi Biologici Agroalimentari e Forestali, Università della Tuscia, Italy
| | - E Randelli
- Dipartimento per l'Innovazione nei Sistemi Biologici Agroalimentari e Forestali, Università della Tuscia, Italy
| | - C Bernini
- Dipartimento per l'Innovazione nei Sistemi Biologici Agroalimentari e Forestali, Università della Tuscia, Italy
| | - F Buonocore
- Dipartimento per l'Innovazione nei Sistemi Biologici Agroalimentari e Forestali, Università della Tuscia, Italy
| | - S Picchietti
- Dipartimento per l'Innovazione nei Sistemi Biologici Agroalimentari e Forestali, Università della Tuscia, Italy
| | - C Papeschi
- Dipartimento per l'Innovazione nei Sistemi Biologici Agroalimentari e Forestali, Università della Tuscia, Italy
| | - N Sood
- National Bureau of Fish Genetic Resources, Lucknow, UP, India
| | - A Pallavicini
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita, Università di Trieste, Italy
| | - G Scapigliati
- Dipartimento per l'Innovazione nei Sistemi Biologici Agroalimentari e Forestali, Università della Tuscia, Italy.
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Role of toll-like receptors in multiple myeloma and recent advances. Exp Hematol 2014; 43:158-67. [PMID: 25462020 DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2014.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2014] [Revised: 11/02/2014] [Accepted: 11/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is a hematologic malignancy characterized as an abnormal proliferation and invasion of plasma cells into the bone marrow. Toll-like receptors (ТLRs) connect the innate and adaptive immune responses and represent a significant and potentially linking element between inflammation and cancer. When TLRs bind to their ligands, they trigger two major signaling pathways such that both share overlapping downstream signals: one is a myeloid differentiation primary response 88 (MyD88)-dependent production and activation of nuclear factor-κB, whereas the other is a MyD88-independent production of type-I interferon. Whereas the MyD88 pathway results in proinflammatory cytokine production, the other pathway stimulates cell proliferation. Dysregulations of these pathways may eventually lead to abnormal cell proliferation and MM. Despite recent biomedical advances, MM continues to be an incurable disease. There are an increasing number of TLR-based therapeutic approaches currently being tested in a number of preclinical and clinical studies. We here attempt to outline in detail the currently available information on TLRs in various types of cancer.
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