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Kearns M, Jacquier JC, Harrison SM, Cama-Moncunill R, Boland TM, Sheridan H, Kelly AK, Grasso S, Monahan FJ. Effect of different botanically-diverse diets on the fatty acid profile, tocopherol content and oxidative stability of beef. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2023. [PMID: 37058580 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.12633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Revised: 03/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Beef from pasture-fed animals is viewed as a healthier and more welfare-friendly alternative to concentrate-fed beef. Botanically-diverse pastures consisting of numerous plant species may alter the fatty acid (FA) profile and the tocopherol content of beef, as well as the oxidative stability of the meat. In the present study, steers were assigned to one of three botanically-diverse diets: perennial ryegrass (PRG), perennial ryegrass + white clover (PRG + WC) or multi-species (MS), all with a finishing diet of the respective botanically-diverse silages plus a cereal-based concentrate, consistent with production systems in Ireland. The FA profile, tocopherol content, oxidative stability and colour of meat during storage were measured. RESULTS Compared to the other diets, the MS diet resulted in higher proportions of linolenic acid (C18:3n-3c), linoleic acid (C18:2n-6c) and total polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), with higher PUFA:saturated fatty acid and n-6:n-3 ratios in the meat. α-Tocopherol concentrations were lowest in the meat of animals from the MS diet. In uncooked meat, lipid oxidation and colour values were affected by storage time across all diets, whereas the MS diet led to higher hue values only on day 14 of storage. When cooked, meat from animals on PRG + WC and MS diets had higher lipid oxidation on days 1 and 2 of storage than meat from animals on the PRG diet. CONCLUSION Feeding steers on a botanically-diverse diet consisting of six plant species can improve the n-3 FA and PUFA concentration of beef, affecting the susceptibility of cooked, but not uncooked, beef to oxidation. © 2023 The Authors. Journal of The Science of Food and Agriculture published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Kearns
- School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | | | - Sabine M Harrison
- School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | | | - Tommy M Boland
- School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Helen Sheridan
- School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Alan K Kelly
- School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Simona Grasso
- School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Frank J Monahan
- School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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Olave CJ, Ivester KM, Couetil LL, Burgess J, Park JH, Mukhopadhyay A. Effects of low-dust forages on dust exposure, airway cytology, and plasma omega-3 concentrations in Thoroughbred racehorses: A randomized clinical trial. J Vet Intern Med 2022; 37:338-348. [PMID: 36478588 PMCID: PMC9889630 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.16598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Racehorses commonly develop evidence of mild asthma in response to dust exposure. Diets deficient in omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (Ω-3) might exacerbate this response. HYPOTHESIS To compare dust exposure, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) cytology, and plasma Ω-3 and specialized pro-resolving mediators (SPM) concentrations amongst racehorses fed dry hay, steamed hay, and haylage. ANIMALS Forty-three Thoroughbred racehorses. METHODS Prospective clinical trial. Horses were randomly assigned to be fed dry hay, steamed hay, or haylage for 6 weeks. Measures of exposure to dust in the breathing zone were obtained twice. At baseline, week-3, and week-6, BALF cytology was examined. Plasma lipid profiles and plasma SPM concentrations were examined at baseline and week 6. Generalized linear mixed models examined the effect of forage upon dust exposure, BALF cytology, Ω-3, and SPM concentrations. RESULTS Respirable dust was significantly higher for horses fed hay (least-square mean ± s.e.m. 0.081 ± 0.007 mg/m3 ) when compared with steamed hay (0.056 ± 0.005 mg/m3 , P = .01) or haylage (0.053 ± 0.005 mg/m3 , P < .01). At week 6, BALF neutrophil proportions in horses eating haylage (3.0% ± 0.6%) were significantly lower compared with baseline (5.1 ± 0.7, P = .04) and horses eating hay (6.3% ± 0.8%, P < .01). Plasma eicosapentaenoic acid to arachidonic acid ratios were higher in horses eating haylage for 6 weeks (0.51 ± 0.07) when compared with baseline (0.34 ± 0.05, P < .01) and horses eating steamed (0.24 ± 0.02, P < .01) or dry hay (0.25 ± 0.03, P < .01). CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE Steamed hay and haylage reduce dust exposure compared with dry hay, but only haylage increased the ratio of anti-inflammatory to pro-inflammatory lipids while reducing BAL neutrophil proportions within 6 weeks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla J. Olave
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary MedicinePurdue UniversityWest LafayetteIndianaUSA
| | - Kathleen M. Ivester
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary MedicinePurdue UniversityWest LafayetteIndianaUSA
| | - Laurent L. Couetil
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary MedicinePurdue UniversityWest LafayetteIndianaUSA
| | - John Burgess
- Department of Nutrition Science, College of Health and Human SciencesPurdue UniversityWest LafayetteIndianaUSA
| | - Jae Hong Park
- School of Health Sciences, College of Health and Human SciencesPurdue UniversityWest LafayetteIndianaUSA
| | - Abhijit Mukhopadhyay
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary MedicinePurdue UniversityWest LafayetteIndianaUSA
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Herbage utilisation method affects rumen fluid and milk fatty acid profile in Holstein and Montbéliarde cows. Animal 2022; 16:100674. [PMID: 36434984 DOI: 10.1016/j.animal.2022.100674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Revised: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Compared with maize silage- and concentrate-based diets, herbage-based diets were repeatedly shown to favourably influence the milk fatty acid (FA) profile. However, it is unclear how the herbage feeding mode (grazing vs indoor green-feeding) and conservation (fresh herbage vs hay vs silage) modify the milk FA profile. Therefore, the aim of the present experiment was to investigate the effect of different herbage utilisation methods (including herbage feeding mode and herbage conservation method) on the ruminal biohydrogenation of dietary FA and the consequences on the milk FA composition in cows of two breeds (Holstein and Montbéliarde). Concomitant effects of botanical composition and phenological stage of the herbage on milk FA profile were controlled for by harvesting barn-dried hay and silage simultaneously as first cut from the same ryegrass-dominated grassland in a semi-mountainous region. Seven weeks later, the first regrowth of the same plot was used as fresh herbage, either grazed or fed indoor (indoor green-feeding). Twenty-four Montbéliarde and 24 Holstein cows were randomly allocated to four groups of 12 cows balanced by breed, parity, and milk yield. In a free-stall barn, three groups were given ad libitum access to hay, silage, or fresh herbage, respectively. The fourth group was strip-grazing. All cows were supplemented with 3 kg DM/day of the same energy-rich concentrate. After 2 weeks of adaptation to the forage, samples of forage, concentrate, milk, blood, and rumen fluid were collected. Fatty acid composition of forages, rumen fluid, and milk was analysed by gas chromatography. Haymaking reduced total FA content of the herbage, in particular that of linoleic acid (LA) and α-linolenic acid (ALA). Still, rumen fluid lipids of hay-fed cows had the highest proportion of rumenic acid, LA, ALA, and total polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs). Milk fat from hay-fed cows had the highest proportion of LA, and the apparent transfer rates from feed to milk of LA and ALA were higher in hay-fed cows than in silage-fed cows. The proportion of PUFAs was highest in milk fat from grazing and indoor green-fed Montbéliarde cows and lowest in silage-fed cows of both breeds. In conclusion, the herbage utilisation method affects the ruminal biohydrogenation of LA and ALA, whereby herbage drying particularly increases their transfer from herbage to milk.
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Ma J, Huangfu W, Yang X, Xu J, Zhang Y, Wang Z, Zhu X, Wang C, Shi Y, Cui Y. “King of the forage”—Alfalfa supplementation improves growth, reproductive performance, health condition and meat quality of pigs. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:1025942. [PMCID: PMC9667112 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.1025942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
As one kind of high-quality feed with rich nutrients, including high quality protein and amino acids, dietary fiber, enriched vitamins and mineral elements and bioactive molecules, alfalfa has been widely used in the production of ruminant livestock. As the understanding of alfalfa becomes more and more comprehensive, it is found that the high-quality nutrients in alfalfa could have positive effects on pigs. An increasing number of researches have shown that supplementing dietary alfalfa to the diet of gestating sows reduced constipation, alleviated abnormal behavior, improved satiety and reproductive performance; supplementing dietary alfalfa to the diet of piglets improved growth performance and intestinal barrier function, reduced intestinal inflammatory response and diarrhea; supplementing dietary alfalfa to the diet of growing-fattening pigs improved production performance and pork quality. Moreover, the mechanisms by which various nutrients of alfalfa exert their beneficial effects on pigs mainly including dietary fiber stimulating intestinal peristalsis, enhancing the activity of digestive enzymes, and promoting the colonization of beneficial bacteria in the intestinal tract through fermentation in the intestine, producing short-chain fatty acids and thus improving intestinal health; high quality protein and amino acids are beneficial to improve animal health condition; rich vitamins and mineral elements play an important role in various physiological functions and growth and development of the body; and bioactive molecules can improve the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory level. Therefore, alfalfa could be used as pig feed ingredient to alleviate various problems in the pig industry and to improve pig production performance. In this review, we detail the current application of alfalfa in pigs and discuss the potential mechanisms involved in how alfalfa improves growth and reproductive performance, pork quality, and intestinal health of the animals, thus laying the foundation for the increased application of high-quality forage in pig production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jixiang Ma
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Weikang Huangfu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xu Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Junying Xu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhichang Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Innovation and Utilization of Grassland Resources, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Forage Engineering Technology Research Center, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiaoyan Zhu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Innovation and Utilization of Grassland Resources, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Forage Engineering Technology Research Center, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Chengzhang Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Innovation and Utilization of Grassland Resources, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Forage Engineering Technology Research Center, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yinghua Shi
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Innovation and Utilization of Grassland Resources, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Forage Engineering Technology Research Center, Zhengzhou, China
- Yinghua Shi
| | - Yalei Cui
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Innovation and Utilization of Grassland Resources, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Forage Engineering Technology Research Center, Zhengzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Yalei Cui
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Karydogianni S, Roussis I, Mavroeidis A, Kakabouki I, Tigka E, Beslemes D, Stavropoulos P, Katsenios N, Tsiplakou E, Bilalis D. The Influence of Fertilization and Plant Density on the Dry Matter Yield and Quality of Black Mustard [ Brassica nigra (L.) Koch]: An Alternative Forage Crop. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:2683. [PMID: 36297707 PMCID: PMC9611005 DOI: 10.3390/plants11202683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Revised: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Black mustard [Brassica nigra (L.) Koch] is mainly cultivated as a seed crop, and there is a lack of information on biomass quality and its potential for animal feeding. A 2-year field experiment was set up in a split-plot design with 2 main plots (plant densities: 46 and 76 plants m-2), 4 sub-plots (fertilization levels: control, compost, urea with and without urease and nitrification inhibitors) and 3 replications for each treatment. The highest dry matter yield (17.55-18.34 tn ha-1) was observed in high-density plots fertilized with urea fertilizer coated with double (nitrification and urease) inhibitors. In terms of the qualitive parameters of total above-ground biomass, the highest crude protein (CP) content was achieved in plots with low density and urea with double inhibitors. Moreover, the highest neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and acid detergent fiber (ADF) contents of above-ground biomass were found under compost and urea with double inhibitors. The high ADF, NDF and relatively high CP content characterized that black mustard aerial biomass can meet the requirements of lactating animals, and therefore the production of black mustard biomass as a forage crop could be of great importance. As a conclusion, black mustard cultivated at plant densities higher than 46 plants m-2 and under inorganic fertilization, especially with urea coated with double inhibitors, could be successfully used as a novel forage crop in ruminants' diets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stella Karydogianni
- Laboratory of Agronomy, Department of Crop Science, Agricultural University of Athens, 11855 Athens, Greece
| | - Ioannis Roussis
- Laboratory of Agronomy, Department of Crop Science, Agricultural University of Athens, 11855 Athens, Greece
| | - Antonios Mavroeidis
- Laboratory of Agronomy, Department of Crop Science, Agricultural University of Athens, 11855 Athens, Greece
| | - Ioanna Kakabouki
- Laboratory of Agronomy, Department of Crop Science, Agricultural University of Athens, 11855 Athens, Greece
| | - Evangelia Tigka
- Institute of Industrial and Forage Crops, Hellenic Agricultural Organization Demeter, 41335 Larissa, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Beslemes
- Institute of Industrial and Forage Crops, Hellenic Agricultural Organization Demeter, 41335 Larissa, Greece
| | - Panteleimon Stavropoulos
- Laboratory of Agronomy, Department of Crop Science, Agricultural University of Athens, 11855 Athens, Greece
| | - Nikolaos Katsenios
- Department of Soil Science of Athens, Institute of Soil and Water Resources, Hellenic Agricultural Organization—Demeter, 14123 Attica, Greece
| | - Eleni Tsiplakou
- Laboratory of Nutritional Physiology and Feeding, Department of Animal Science, School of Animal Biosciences, Agricultural University of Athens, 11855 Athens, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Bilalis
- Laboratory of Agronomy, Department of Crop Science, Agricultural University of Athens, 11855 Athens, Greece
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Krusinski L, Maciel ICDF, Sergin S, Goeden T, Ali H, Kesamneni S, Jambunathan V, Cassida KA, Singh S, Medina-Meza IG, Rowntree JE, Fenton JI. Evaluation of fatty acid and antioxidant variation in a complex pasture system as compared to standard cattle feed in the Great Lakes region. FRONTIERS IN SUSTAINABLE FOOD SYSTEMS 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fsufs.2022.945080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
As the demand for grass-fed ruminant products keeps increasing, more data are needed to assess the nutritional value of feedstuffs, especially pastures. In addition, global climate change adds another challenge to the management of grasslands with projections of changing temperature and precipitation patterns. Consequently, the variations in bioactive compounds such as fatty acids and antioxidants in feeds will be harder to predict. Therefore, it is critical to report region and time-specific results of the nutritional value of feeds intended for ruminant nutrition. The objectives of this study were to compare the antioxidant and fatty acid content of commonly used feedstuffs including a complex pasture mixture from the Great Lakes Region and a traditional grain-based diet, and to assess the variations of these bioactive compounds in the pasture over the course of two grazing seasons. Weather parameters including temperature and rainfall were recorded for the length of the study. Feed samples were collected between June and September 2019 and 2020 and analyzed for nutrient composition, chlorophyll A and B, carotenoids, and total phenols. Fatty acids were analyzed by GC-MS. Correlations were reported to analyze the relationship between individual plant species, antioxidants, and fatty acids. We observed higher antioxidant parameters in the pasture compared to the grain diet. Total polyunsaturated fatty acids were higher in the pasture including α-linolenic acid while the grain diet was higher in n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids including linoleic acid. The n-6:n-3 ratio was more beneficial in the pasture and was 50–90 times higher in the grain diet. Variations in the fatty acid profile of the pasture were observed and varied between 2019 and 2020. Plant growth cycles, climatic conditions, and grazing methods were hypothesized to cause these changes. Altogether, this study increased our knowledge about the nutritional value of feedstuffs and will help ranchers and researchers to better understand the variations of bioactive content based on region, season, and climatic conditions.
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Acosta Balcazar IC, Granados Rivera LD, Salinas Chavira J, Estrada Drouaillet B, Albarrán MR, Bautista Martínez Y. Relationship between the Composition of Lipids in Forages and the Concentration of Conjugated Linoleic Acid in Cow's Milk: A Review. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12131621. [PMID: 35804520 PMCID: PMC9264792 DOI: 10.3390/ani12131621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Revised: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA), has been shown to have protective effects against various diseases, such as obesity, arteriosclerosis, diabetes, chronic inflammatory diseases, and cancer. This fatty acid in ruminants results from two processes, biohydrogenation, which takes place in the rumen, and de novo synthesis, carried out in the mammary gland, and it has linoleic and α-linolenic acids as its precursors. The amounts of precursors in the diets of animals are related to the amounts of CLA in milk. In the literature review, it was found that the milk of cows fed fresh forage has a higher amount of CLA because they have a higher amount of linoleic acid and α-linolenic acid compared to other foods used in the diets of cows. The amount of CLA precursors in pastures can be increased through agronomic practices, such as nitrogen fertilization, and regrowth age. It is also a technique used to increase the amount of CLA in milk to obtain a greater benefit regarding its nutritional value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Cristina Acosta Balcazar
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Autónoma de Tamaulipas, Ciudad Victoria 87000, Tamaulipas, Mexico; (I.C.A.B.); (J.S.C.); (M.R.A.)
| | - Lorenzo Danilo Granados Rivera
- Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Forestales, Agrícolas y Pecuarias, General Terán 67400, Nuevo León, Mexico
- Correspondence: or (L.D.G.R.); (Y.B.M.)
| | - Jaime Salinas Chavira
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Autónoma de Tamaulipas, Ciudad Victoria 87000, Tamaulipas, Mexico; (I.C.A.B.); (J.S.C.); (M.R.A.)
| | - Benigno Estrada Drouaillet
- Facultad de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Tamaulipas, Ciudad Victoria 87000, Tamaulipas, Mexico;
| | - Miguel Ruiz Albarrán
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Autónoma de Tamaulipas, Ciudad Victoria 87000, Tamaulipas, Mexico; (I.C.A.B.); (J.S.C.); (M.R.A.)
| | - Yuridia Bautista Martínez
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Autónoma de Tamaulipas, Ciudad Victoria 87000, Tamaulipas, Mexico; (I.C.A.B.); (J.S.C.); (M.R.A.)
- Correspondence: or (L.D.G.R.); (Y.B.M.)
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Ortuño J, Traynor T, Campbell M, Theodoridou K. Using attenuated-total-reflection Fourier-transformed spectroscopy to reveal molecular structural differences among willow (Salix spp.) foliage cultivars in relation to their potential as fodders. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2022; 102:3237-3249. [PMID: 34796978 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.11666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Revised: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Willow trees represent a suitable species for the development of agroforestry systems, integrating bioenergy and animal feed production. However, there is a lack of information regarding the suitability of leaves and stems, considered a bioenergy by-product, as animal feed. The aim of this study was the employment of attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (550-4000 cm-1 ) to investigate differences in the nutrient molecular structure profile of leaves and stems of selected willow cultivars to understand their utility for ruminant nutrition. RESULTS Univariate analysis of variance of leaves showed lower intensities of cellulosic compounds and higher of protein in comparison with stems, which suggests higher leaf dry matter and protein digestibility. Spectral analyses revealed differences in both plant parts between Salix cv. Terra Nova and Salix cv. Beagle, cv. Resolution, and cv. Olof. The higher α-helix to β-sheet ratio, which is related to a higher protein digestibility, was in correlation with the lower content of condensed tannins. Principal component and agglomerative hierarchical cluster analyses showed significant discrimination among willow cultivars in the cellulosic, structural carbohydrate, and amide regions, whereas differences were less evident for total carbohydrate and lipid-related regions. CONCLUSION The application of attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared molecular spectroscopy is an effective tool to rapidly identify spectral features related to the nutritional composition of willow foliage and to discriminate between cultivars and parts of the plant. This information would be useful to optimize the use of willow fodders in agroforestry systems. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordi Ortuño
- Queen's University Belfast, Institute for Global Food Security, Belfast, UK
| | - Thomas Traynor
- Queen's University Belfast, Institute for Global Food Security, Belfast, UK
| | - Mairead Campbell
- Queen's University Belfast, Institute for Global Food Security, Belfast, UK
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Krusinski L, Sergin S, Jambunathan V, Rowntree JE, Fenton JI. Attention to the Details: How Variations in U.S. Grass-Fed Cattle-Feed Supplementation and Finishing Date Influence Human Health. FRONTIERS IN SUSTAINABLE FOOD SYSTEMS 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fsufs.2022.851494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
As the global population increases, so does meat consumption. This trend is accompanied by concerns regarding the meat industry, and consumers are demanding transparency on the environmental and health effects of the products they are purchasing. Many leading health organizations recommend reducing red meat consumption. Nevertheless, no differentiation is made among red meats and beef. The beef production system is generally ignored despite nutritional differences between grain- and grass-fed beef. Compared to grain-fed beef, grass-fed beef contains a healthier fatty acid profile, including more omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and conjugated linoleic acid, and increased concentrations of phytochemicals desired by health-conscious customers. However, there is a lack of consistency among grass-fed beef in the United States regarding clear product labeling and cattle dietary components. Grass-fed beef labeling confusion has emerged, including misunderstandings between grass-fed and grass-finished beef. Along with this, previous studies observed significant nutritional variation among grass-finished beef from different producers across the country. Cattle diet has the strongest influence on the nutritional composition of beef. Therefore, understanding differences in feeding practices is key to understanding differing nutritional quality of grass-fed beef. Feeding cattle diverse pastures composed of multiple plant species including grasses and legumes managed in a rotational grazing fashion results in higher omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and phytochemical levels in beef compared to feedlots and monocultures. Seasonal differences including changes in temperature, rainfall, grazing practices, and plant growth cycles affect the nutritional composition of feeds and ultimately meat. Additional feeds utilized in grass-fed beef production systems such as conserved forages may reduce or increase health-promoting nutrients in grass-fed beef, while supplements such as grape byproducts and flaxseed may improve its nutritional profile. Further research should measure the effects of individual feedstuff and the finishing period on the nutritional profile on grass-fed beef. A better understanding of these details will be a step toward the standardization of pasture-raised ruminant products, strengthening the relationship between grass-fed beef consumption and human health.
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Pellegrino E, Nuti M, Ercoli L. Multiple Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungal Consortia Enhance Yield and Fatty Acids of Medicago sativa: A Two-Year Field Study on Agronomic Traits and Tracing of Fungal Persistence. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:814401. [PMID: 35237288 PMCID: PMC8882620 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.814401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi are promoted as biofertilizers due to potential benefits in crop productivity, and macro- and microelement uptake. However, crop response to arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) inoculation is context-dependent, and AMF diversity and field establishment and persistence of inoculants can greatly contribute to variation in outcomes. This study was designed to test the hypotheses that multiple and local AMF inoculants could enhance alfalfa yield and fatty acids (FA) compared to exotic isolates either single or in the mixture. We aimed also to verify the persistence of inoculated AMF, and which component of the AMF communities was the major driver of plant traits. Therefore, a field experiment of AMF inoculation of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) with three single foreign isolates, a mixture of the foreign isolates (FMix), and a highly diverse mixture of local AMF (LMix) was set up. We showed that AMF improved alfalfa yield (+ 68%), nutrient (+ 147% N content and + 182% P content in forage), and FA content (+ 105%). These positive effects persisted for at least 2 years post-inoculation and were associated with enhanced AMF abundance in roots. Consortia of AMF strains acted in synergy, and the mixture of foreign AMF isolates provided greater benefits compared to local consortia (+ 20% forage yield, + 36% forage N content, + 18% forage P content, + 20% total FA in forage). Foreign strains of Funneliformis mosseae and Rhizophagus irregularis persisted in the roots of alfalfa 2 years following inoculation, either as single inoculum or as a component of the mixture. Among inoculants, F. mosseae BEG12 and AZ225C and the FMix exerted a higher impact on the local AMF community compared with LMix and R. irregularis BEG141. Finally, the stimulation of the proliferation of a single-taxa (R. irregularis cluster1) induced by all inoculants was the main determinant of the host benefits. Crop productivity and quality as well as field persistence of inoculated AMF support the use of mixtures of foreign AMF. On the other hand, local mixtures showed a lower impact on native AMF. These results pave the way for extending the study on the effect of AMF mixtures for the production of high-quality forage for the animal diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Pellegrino
- Institute of Life Sciences, Scuola Superiore Sant’Anna, Pisa, Italy
| | - Marco Nuti
- Institute of Life Sciences, Scuola Superiore Sant’Anna, Pisa, Italy
- University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Laura Ercoli
- Institute of Life Sciences, Scuola Superiore Sant’Anna, Pisa, Italy
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11
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Influence of the Type of Silage in the Dairy Cow Ration, with or without Grazing, on the Fatty Acid and Antioxidant Profiles of Milk. DAIRY 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/dairy2040055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Dairy systems based on grass and forages are widely spread throughout the European Atlantic Arc and they have an influence on milk quality. Likewise, legumes are a key element in the farms to improve cows’ diet and farm feed self-sufficiency. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of the legumes in the diet and the feeding system (pasture-based vs. confined) on milk production and composition. An assay was performed with 18 Friesian cows randomized into two management groups (grazing or confined). Three total mixed rations based on Italian ryegrass, faba bean or field pea silages were offered ad libitum for nine continuously housed cows or during two hours after each milking for another nine grazing cows. Regardless of type of silage, grazing cows had higher dry matter intake and milk production than confined cows. Likewise, grazing cows produced milk with a lower concentration of protein and urea than confined cows. The dairy cows fed total mixed rations based on both legume silages had a milk fat with a higher proportion of unsaturated fatty acids, especially with the inclusion of faba bean silage in the diet. The results demonstrate that the profile of fatty acids and antioxidants is related to the feeding system in dairy cows. Grazing directly influenced the composition of milk, decreasing the proportion of saturated fatty acids and increasing the content of unsaturated fatty acids, as CLA, and the antioxidants, as lutein and β-cryptoxanthin.
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12
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Pordomingo AJ, Pordomingo AB, Grigioni G, Carduza F. Performance, carcass and meat traits of beef steers finished on small-grain winter annuals in winter or on alfalfa pasture in summer. Livest Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2021.104759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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13
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Zong C, Wu Q, Wu A, Chen S, Dong D, Zhao J, Shao T, Liu Q. Exploring the diversity mechanism of fatty acids and the loss mechanisms of polyunsaturated fatty acids and fat-soluble vitamins in alfalfa silage using different additives. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2021.115044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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14
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Lee MRF, McAuliffe GA, Tweed JKS, Griffith BA, Morgan SA, Rivero MJ, Harris P, Takahashi T, Cardenas L. Nutritional value of suckler beef from temperate pasture systems. Animal 2021; 15:100257. [PMID: 34087691 PMCID: PMC8282502 DOI: 10.1016/j.animal.2021.100257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Revised: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The role of beef in human diets has been questioned over the last few decades, due largely to its typically high mass-based carbon footprint. However, recent advancements in sustainability literature challenge this paradigm based on the new theory that climate impacts of food commodities should be measured relative to their overall nutritional value rather than their nominal mass. This shift has opened a new opportunity for the global beef industry, and especially for pasture-based systems that can avoid food-feed competition for land and other resources, as beef is a nutritionally dense food. Nonetheless, the sector's true capability to supply a wide range of nutrients for humans, consistently across multiple systems under multiple weather patterns, has not been well-documented. Using whole-system datasets from the North Wyke Farm Platform in the South West of England, we investigated the nutritional value of beef produced from the three most common pasture systems in temperate regions: permanent pasture (PP), grass and white clover (GWC) and a short-term monoculture grass ley (MG). Beef produced from these three pasture systems was analysed for key nutrients (fatty acids, minerals and vitamin E) over three production cycles (2015-2017) to determine potential differences between systems. Fatty acid, mineral and vitamin E profiles of the pasture and silage fed to each group were also assessed, with subtle differences between pastures reported. For beef, subtle differences were also observed between systems, with GWC having higher omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) concentrations than PP and MG. However, the overall nutritional quality of beef was found to be largely comparable across all systems, suggesting that temperate pasture-based beef can be classified as a single commodity in future sustainability assessments, regardless of specific sward types. A 100 g serving of temperate pasture-based beef was found to be a high source (>20% recommended daily intake: RDI) of protein, monounsaturated fatty acids, saturated fatty acids, vitamins - B2, B3, B12 and minerals - Fe, P, Zn; a good source (10-19% RDI) of vitamin - B6 and mineral - K; and a complementary source (5-9% RDI) of omega-3 PUFA, vitamin - B9 and minerals - Cu, Mg, Se. The nutritional value of a food item should be used in defining its environmental cost (e.g. carbon footprint) to make fair comparisons across different food groups (e.g. protein sources). Here, we showed that pasture-based beef had a nutrient indexed carbon footprint of between 0.19 and 0.23 Kg CO2-eq/1% RDI of key nutrients.
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Affiliation(s)
- M R F Lee
- Rothamsted Research, North Wyke, Okehampton, Devon EX20 2SB, UK; University of Bristol, Bristol Veterinary School, Langford, Somerset S40 5DU, UK.
| | - G A McAuliffe
- Rothamsted Research, North Wyke, Okehampton, Devon EX20 2SB, UK
| | - J K S Tweed
- Aberystwyth University, Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Science, Gogerddan, Aberystwyth, Ceredigion SY23 2EB, UK
| | - B A Griffith
- Rothamsted Research, North Wyke, Okehampton, Devon EX20 2SB, UK
| | - S A Morgan
- Rothamsted Research, North Wyke, Okehampton, Devon EX20 2SB, UK
| | - M J Rivero
- Rothamsted Research, North Wyke, Okehampton, Devon EX20 2SB, UK
| | - P Harris
- Rothamsted Research, North Wyke, Okehampton, Devon EX20 2SB, UK
| | - T Takahashi
- Rothamsted Research, North Wyke, Okehampton, Devon EX20 2SB, UK; University of Bristol, Bristol Veterinary School, Langford, Somerset S40 5DU, UK
| | - L Cardenas
- Rothamsted Research, North Wyke, Okehampton, Devon EX20 2SB, UK
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15
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Lee SS, Paradhipta DHV, Lee HJ, Joo YH, Noh HT, Choi JS, Ji KB, Kim SC. Application of lactic acid bacteria producing antifungal substance and carboxylesterase on whole crop rice silage with different dry matter. Anim Biosci 2021; 34:1029-1037. [PMID: 33152212 PMCID: PMC8100494 DOI: 10.5713/ajas.20.0545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective This study was conducted to investigate effects of antifungal substance and carboxylesterase-producing inoculant on fermentation indices and rumen degradation kinetics of whole crop rice (WCR) silage ensiled at different dry matter (DM) contents. Methods Dual-purpose inoculants, Lactobacillus brevis 5M2 and Lactobacillus buchneri 6M1, confirmed both activities of antifungal and carboxylesterase in the previous study. The WCR at mature stage was chopped, and then wilted to obtain three different DM contents consisting of 35.4%, 43.6%, and 51.5%. All WCR forages were applied distilled water (CON) or mixed inoculants with 1:1 ratio at 1×105 colony forming unit/g (INO), and ensiled into 20 L mini silo (5 kg) in quadruplicates for 108 d. Results The INO silages had lower lactate (p<0.001) and butyrate (p = 0.022) with higher acetate (p<0.001) and propionate (p<0.001) than those of CON silages. Ammonia-N (p<0.001), lactate (tendency; p = 0.068), acetate (p = 0.030), and butyrate (p<0.001) concentrations of INO silages decreased linearly with increasing DM content of WCR forage. The INO silages presented higher lactic acid bacteria (p<0.001) with lower molds (p< 0.001) than those of CON silages. Yeasts (p = 0.042) and molds (p = 0.046) of WCR silages decreased linearly with increasing DM content of WCR forage. In the rumen, INO silages had higher the total degradable fraction (p<0.001), total volatile fatty acid (tendency; p = 0.097), and acetate (p = 0.007), but lower the fractional degradation rate (p = 0.011) and propionate (p<0.001) than those of CON silage. The total degradable fraction (p<0.001), total volatile fatty acid (p = 0.001), iso-butyrate (p = 0.036), and valerate (p = 0.008) decreased linearly with increasing DM content of WCR forage, while the lag phase (p<0.001) was increased linearly. Conclusion This study concluded that application of dual-purpose inoculants on WCR silage confirmed antifungal and carboxylesterase activities by inhibiting mold and improving rumen digestibility, while increase of wilting times decreased organic acids production and rumen digestibility.
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Kikuyu grass in winter-spring time in small-scale dairy systems in the highlands of central Mexico in terms of cow performance and fatty acid profile of milk. Trop Anim Health Prod 2021; 53:225. [PMID: 33760981 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-021-02672-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The work herein reported closes the evaluation of the role of kikuyu grass in small-scale dairy systems in the highlands of Mexico. The objective was to compare the productive response of vacas lecheras en pastoreo continuo de kikuyu (Cenchrus clandestinus) with a sown frost-resistant tall fescue (Lolium arundinaceum) during the winter-spring dry season in dairy systems and determine the fatty acid profile of feeds and milk. An on-farm double cross-over experiment with three periods the 14 days each was undertaken with eight Holstein cows randomly assigned to treatments sequence. Treatments were daytime grazing for 8 h/d of a Cajun II endophyte free tall fescue pasture invaded by kikuyu grass (CJ) or a naturally invaded kikuyu grass pasture (KY), both associated with white clover (Trifolium repens) and annual ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum). Cows were supplemented in pens with 6.0 kg DM/cow/day with maize silage and 4.6 kg DM/cow/day of commercial concentrate. The fatty acid profiles of feeds and milk were determined by gas chromatography. There were differences (P<0.05) for net herbage accumulation and chemical composition between pastures, but not for in vitro digestibility or estimated metabolizable energy. In animal variables, protein content in milk was higher in KY (P<0.05). There were significant differences (P<0.05) among experimental periods for milk fat content and milk urea nitrogen with the highest values in Period 3. Pasture DM intake was lowest (P<0.05) in Period 3. In terms of fatty acid content, there were significant interactions (P<0.05) for vaccenic acid (C18:1t11) and linoleic acid (C18:2c9c12) with the highest values in Period 3. Linolenic acid (C18:3c9c12c15) was higher in milk when cows grazed KY and significantly higher (P<0.05) in Period 3. It is concluded that kikuyu pastures complemented with maize silage and concentrates in winter-spring perform as tall fescue pastures in the season of herbage scarcity. Milk from cows grazing kikuyu grass pastures complemented with maize silage and concentrates has a higher content of linolenic fatty acid and an atherogenic index favorable for human health.
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17
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Randby ÅT, Aass L, Haug A. Fatty acid profile and intramuscular fat concentration of Musculus longissimus thoracis in bulls fed grass silage harvested at one of three maturity stages, either with or without concentrate supplementation. ACTA AGR SCAND A-AN 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/09064702.2021.1900381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Åshild T. Randby
- Faculty of Biosciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
| | - Laila Aass
- Faculty of Biosciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
| | - Anna Haug
- Faculty of Biosciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
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18
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Timlin M, Tobin JT, Brodkorb A, Murphy EG, Dillon P, Hennessy D, O’Donovan M, Pierce KM, O’Callaghan TF. The Impact of Seasonality in Pasture-Based Production Systems on Milk Composition and Functionality. Foods 2021; 10:607. [PMID: 33809356 PMCID: PMC7998991 DOI: 10.3390/foods10030607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Revised: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Seasonal calving, pasture-based dairy systems are widely practiced in countries with a temperate climate and plentiful rainfall such as Ireland and New Zealand. This approach maximizes milk production from pasture and, consequently, is a low-cost, low-input dairy production system. On the other hand, the majority of global milk supply is derived from high input indoor total mixed ration systems where seasonal calving is not practiced due to the dependence on ensiled silages, grains and concentrated feeds, which are available year-round. Synchronous changes in the macro and micronutrients in milk are much more noticeable as lactation progresses through early, mid and late stages in seasonal systems compared to non-seasonal systems-which can have implications on the processability and functionality of milk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Timlin
- Teagasc, Moorepark Research Centre, Fermoy, P61 C996 Co. Cork, Ireland; (M.T.); (J.T.T.); (A.B.); (E.G.M.)
- School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, D04 V1W8 Dublin 4, Ireland;
- Food for Health Ireland, Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, P61 C996 Co. Cork, Ireland
| | - John T. Tobin
- Teagasc, Moorepark Research Centre, Fermoy, P61 C996 Co. Cork, Ireland; (M.T.); (J.T.T.); (A.B.); (E.G.M.)
| | - André Brodkorb
- Teagasc, Moorepark Research Centre, Fermoy, P61 C996 Co. Cork, Ireland; (M.T.); (J.T.T.); (A.B.); (E.G.M.)
- Food for Health Ireland, Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, P61 C996 Co. Cork, Ireland
| | - Eoin G. Murphy
- Teagasc, Moorepark Research Centre, Fermoy, P61 C996 Co. Cork, Ireland; (M.T.); (J.T.T.); (A.B.); (E.G.M.)
- Food for Health Ireland, Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, P61 C996 Co. Cork, Ireland
| | - Pat Dillon
- Teagasc, Animal and Grassland Research and Innovation Centre, Fermoy, P61 P302 Co. Cork, Ireland; (P.D.); (D.H.); (M.O.)
| | - Deirdre Hennessy
- Teagasc, Animal and Grassland Research and Innovation Centre, Fermoy, P61 P302 Co. Cork, Ireland; (P.D.); (D.H.); (M.O.)
| | - Michael O’Donovan
- Teagasc, Animal and Grassland Research and Innovation Centre, Fermoy, P61 P302 Co. Cork, Ireland; (P.D.); (D.H.); (M.O.)
| | - Karina M. Pierce
- School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, D04 V1W8 Dublin 4, Ireland;
- Food for Health Ireland, University College Dublin, D04 V1W8 Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Tom F. O’Callaghan
- Teagasc, Moorepark Research Centre, Fermoy, P61 C996 Co. Cork, Ireland; (M.T.); (J.T.T.); (A.B.); (E.G.M.)
- Food for Health Ireland, Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, P61 C996 Co. Cork, Ireland
- School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University College Cork, T12 K8AF Cork, Ireland
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19
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Khan NA, Sulaiman SM, Hashmi MS, Rahman SU, Cone JW. Chemical composition, ruminal degradation kinetics, and methane production (in vitro) of winter grass species. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2021; 101:179-184. [PMID: 32613605 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.10628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2019] [Revised: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Information about the nutritive value, dry matter (DM) digestibility, and methane (CH4 ) emission potential of grass species is required for their optimal utilization in ruminant rations. The present study was designed: (i) to quantify the nutrient profile, mineral composition and in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD) of winter grass species commonly available in northern Pakistan; and (ii) to measure the in vitro gas production (IVGP) and CH4 emission of the grass species during 72 h in vitro ruminal fermentation. Seven grass species, namely, Cenchrus ciliaris, Setaria anceps, Panicum antidotale, P. maximum, Pennisetum purpureum, Pennisetum orientale, and Atriplex lentiformis were assessed. RESULTS A high level of variability (P < 0.001) was observed among grass species for the content of all measured nutrients, IVDMD, IVGP, and CH4 -production. Notably, the content (g kg-1 DM) of crude protein varied from 59.8 to 143.3, neutral detergent fiber from 560.3 to 717.9, IVDMD from 375.1 to 576.2, and 72 h cumulative IVGP from 97.6 to 227.4 mL g-1 organic matter (OM) and CH4 from 48 to 67 mL g-1 OM. Among the grasses, P. antidotale had greater content (g kg-1 DM) of crude protein (CP) (143.3), IVDMD (576.2), and 72 h cumulative IVGP (227.4 mL g-1 OM), and produced the smallest amount of total CH4 (48 mL g-1 OM) during 72 h fermentation. In contrast, A. lentiformis had the lowest content (g kg-1 DM) of CP (59.8), IVDMD (375.1), 72 h cumulative IVGP (97.6 mL g-1 OM), and produced a greater amount of total CH4 (67 mL g-1 OM) during 72 h fermentation. CONCLUSION The findings of the current study highlight that it is possible to select and further develop grass species with high nutritional value and lower CH4 -production, which can improve livestock productivity, farm profitability, and long-term environment sustainability. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nazir Ahmad Khan
- Department of Animal Nutrition, The University of Agriculture Peshawar, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Syed Muhammad Sulaiman
- Department of Animal Nutrition, The University of Agriculture Peshawar, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Majid S Hashmi
- Department of Food Science and Technology, The University of Agriculture Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Sadeeq Ur Rahman
- College of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan, Pakistan
| | - John W Cone
- Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
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20
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Guo X, Bai J, Li F, Xu D, Zhang Y, Bu D, Zhao L. Effects of malate, citrate, succinate and fumarate on fermentation, chemical composition, aerobic stability and digestibility of alfalfa silage. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2020.114604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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21
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Relative hierarchy of farming practices affecting the fatty acid composition of permanent grasslands and of the derived bulk milk. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2020.114561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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22
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Stødkilde L, Ambye-Jensen M, Krogh Jensen S. Biorefined grass-clover protein composition and effect on organic broiler performance and meat fatty acid profile. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2020; 104:1757-1767. [PMID: 32578924 DOI: 10.1111/jpn.13406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Revised: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Protein extracted from green biomass can be a sustainable and valuable feed component for organic poultry production. Earlier studies in rats have shown high digestibility of laboratory-scale extracted protein. The aim of this study was to test the effect of upscaling the biorefining process on composition of protein extracted from organic grass-clover and on performance of organic broilers when including grass-clover in the feed. Crude protein content of the extracted grass-clover protein was 36.2% of dry matter (DM) with a higher methionine content, but lower lysine and total sulphur-containing amino acids than that in soybean. Acid-insoluble residue constituted a major fraction of the dietary fibre content, and a large proportion of total CP was bound in this fraction. Alpha-linolenic acid was the dominating fatty acid in the extracted grass-clover protein. One-day-old organic Colour Yield broiler chicks were included in a dose-response trial with grass-clover protein constituting 0%, 8%, 16% or 24% of the feed from day 12 and until slaughter at day 57. Increasing levels of grass-clover protein extract reduced feed intake, growth and slaughter weight; however, at 8% inclusion feed intake and performance were not affected. The fatty acid composition in broiler breast meat reflected the composition of grass-clover protein extract; thus, the increasing dietary addition increased meat alpha-linolenic acid content. A lowered tocopherol content in meat from broilers fed increasing grass-clover protein demonstrated the need for increased amounts of antioxidants due to the high content of unsaturated fat. In conclusion, the study shows that broilers can grow on grass-clover protein from an upscaled biorefining process, but highlights the importance of further optimisation with focus on increased protein content and on avoiding formation of insoluble protein complexes, as these most likely reduce protein digestibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lene Stødkilde
- Department of Animal Science, Aarhus University Foulum, Tjele, Denmark
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23
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Daley VL, Armentano LE, Kononoff PJ, Hanigan MD. Modeling fatty acids for dairy cattle: Models to predict total fatty acid concentration and fatty acid digestion of feedstuffs. J Dairy Sci 2020; 103:6982-6999. [PMID: 32505407 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2019-17407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Development of predictive models of fatty acid (FA) use by dairy cattle still faces challenges due to high variation in FA composition among feedstuffs and fat supplements. Two meta-analytical studies were carried out to develop empirical models for estimating (1) the total FA concentration of feedstuffs, and (2) the apparent total-tract digestibility of total FA (DCFATTa) in dairy cows fed different fat types. In study 1, individual feedstuff data for total crude fat (EE) and FA were taken from commercial laboratories (total of 203 feeds, 1,170,937 samples analyzed for total FA, 1,510,750 samples analyzed for total EE), and data for FA composition were collected from the Cornell Net Carbohydrate and Protein System feed library. All feedstuffs were grouped into 7 classes based on their nutritional components. To predict total FA concentration (% of dry matter) for groups of feeds, the total EE (% of dry matter) was used as an independent variable in the model, and all models were linear. For forages, data were weighted using the inverse of the standard error (SE). Regression coefficients for predicting total FA from EE (% of dry matter) were 0.73 (SE, 0.04), 0.98 (0.02), 0.80 (0.02), 0.61 (0.04), 0.92 (0.03), and 0.93 (0.03), for animal protein, plant protein, energy sources, grain crop forage, by-product feeds, and oilseeds, respectively. The intercepts for plant protein and by-product groups were different from zero and included in the models. As expected, forages had the lowest total FA concentration (slope = 0.57, SE = 0.02). In study 2, data from 30 studies (130 treatment means) that reported DCFATTa in dairy cows were used. Data for animal description, diet composition, intakes of total FA, and DCFATTa, were collected. Dietary sources of fat were grouped into 11 categories based on their fat characteristic and FA profile. A mixed model including the random effect of study was used to regress digested FA on FA intake with studies weighted according to the inverse of their variance (SE). Dietary intake of extensively saturated triglycerides resulted in markedly lower total FA digestion (DCFATTa = 44%) compared with animals consuming unsaturated FA, such as Ca-salts of palm (DCFATTa = 76%) and oilseeds (DCFATTa = 73%). Cows fed saturated fats had lower total FA digestion among groups, but it was dependent on the FA profile of each fat source. The derived models provide additional insight into FA digestion in ruminants. Predictions of total FA supply and its digestion can be used to adjust fat supplementation programs for dairy cows.
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Affiliation(s)
- V L Daley
- National Animal Nutrition Program, Department of Animal and Food Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington 40546; Department of Dairy Science, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg 24060
| | - L E Armentano
- Department of Dairy Science, University of Wisconsin, Madison 53706
| | - P J Kononoff
- Department of Animal Science, University of Nebraska, Lincoln 68583
| | - M D Hanigan
- Department of Dairy Science, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg 24060.
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Makmur M, Zain M, Agustin F, Sriagtula R, Putri EM. In vitro rumen biohydrogenation of unsaturated fatty acids in tropical grass-legume rations. Vet World 2020; 13:661-668. [PMID: 32546909 PMCID: PMC7245701 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2020.661-668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2019] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of various combinations of tropical grass-legume species in rations on the biohydrogenation (BH) activity of unsaturated fatty acids (FAs), C18:0 composition, and fermentation profile in an in vitro rumen system. Materials and Methods: Samples of the following five fodder plants were used: One species of grass (Pennisetum purpureum) and four species of tree legumes (Leucaena leucocephala, Gliricidia sepium, Calliandra calothyrsus, and Indigofera zollingeriana). The following eight experimental diets were evaluated: 50% P. purpureum + 50% L. leucocephala (LL I); 50% P. purpureum + 50% G. sepium (GS I); 50% P. purpureum + 50% C. calothyrsus (CC I); 50% P. purpureum + 50% I. zollingeriana (IZ I); 75% P. purpureum + 25% L. leucocephala (LL II); 75% P. purpureum + 25% G. sepium (GS II); 75% P. purpureum + 25% C. calothyrsus (CC II); and 75% P. purpureum + 25% I. zollingeriana (IZ II). Each ration was replicated 3 times. In vitro rumen incubation was performed for 48 h, according to the Tilley and Terry method. Determination of the FA profiles of the forage materials and rumen fluid samples was performed using gas chromatography. Results: The percentage of polyunsaturated FA (PUFA) in the forage materials ranged from 34.18% (P. purpureum) to 74.51% (C. calothyrsus). The percentage of monounsaturated FA (MUFA) ranged from 5.06% (P. purpureum) to 8.71% (L. leucocephala). The percentage of saturated FA (SFA) was the lowest at 19.12% (C. calothyrsus) and highest at 60.76% (P. purpureum). In vitro BH of C18:3 n-3, C18:2 n-6, C18:1 n-9, and C18 PUFA in the experimental diets ranged from 72% to 100%. The BH of C18:1 n-9 in GS I (80%) and IZ I (72%) was significantly different (p<0.05). The percentage of C18:0 was 10-50% and significantly different (p<0.05) among treatments, with the highest (of 50%) in GS II. No significant differences (p>0.05) were observed in the fermentation parameters (pH, total volatile FAs, in vitro dry matter digestibility, and in vitro organic matter digestibility) among the treatments, except in NH3 concentration (p<0.05). Conclusion: The various combinations of tropical legumes do not have significant inhibitory effects on the BH of C18:2 n-6, C18:3 n-3, and C18 PUFA after in vitro incubation for 48h. Furthermore, an increase in the tropical legume ratio in the ration tends to suppress C18:0 formation after the fermentation simulation process. IZ I has the potential to reduce C18:1 n-9 (MUFA) disappearance and yield an ideal rumen fermentation profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malik Makmur
- Department of Animal Nutrition, Faculty of Animal Science, Andalas University, Kampus Limau Manis, Padang, West Sumatera, Indonesia
| | - Mardiati Zain
- Department of Animal Nutrition, Faculty of Animal Science, Andalas University, Kampus Limau Manis, Padang, West Sumatera, Indonesia
| | - Fauzia Agustin
- Department of Animal Nutrition, Faculty of Animal Science, Andalas University, Kampus Limau Manis, Padang, West Sumatera, Indonesia
| | - Riesi Sriagtula
- Department of Animal Nutrition, Faculty of Animal Science, Andalas University, Kampus Limau Manis, Padang, West Sumatera, Indonesia
| | - Ezi Masdia Putri
- Department of Animal Nutrition, Faculty of Animal Science, Andalas University, Kampus Limau Manis, Padang, West Sumatera, Indonesia
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Bautista-Martínez Y, Hernández-Mendo O, Crosby-Galván MM, Joaquin-Cancino S, Ruíz Albarrán M, Salinas-Chavira J, Granados-Rivera LD. Physicochemical characteristics and fatty acid profile of beef in Northeastern Mexico: grazing vs feedlot systems. CYTA - JOURNAL OF FOOD 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/19476337.2020.1725644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuridia Bautista-Martínez
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, “Norberto Treviño Zapata” Universidad Autónoma de Tamaulipas, Ciudad Victoria, México
| | | | | | | | - Miguel Ruíz Albarrán
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, “Norberto Treviño Zapata” Universidad Autónoma de Tamaulipas, Ciudad Victoria, México
| | - Jaime Salinas-Chavira
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, “Norberto Treviño Zapata” Universidad Autónoma de Tamaulipas, Ciudad Victoria, México
| | - Lorenzo Danilo Granados-Rivera
- Campo Experimental, General Terán, Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Forestales, Agrícolas y Pecuarias (INIFAP), General Terán, México
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26
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Liu Q, Wu J, Dong Z, Wang S, Shao T. Effects of overnight wilting and additives on the fatty acid profile, α-tocopherol and β-carotene of whole plant oat silages. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2019.114370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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27
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Liu N, Pustjens AM, Erasmus SW, Yang Y, Hettinga K, van Ruth SM. Dairy farming system markers: The correlation of forage and milk fatty acid profiles from organic, pasture and conventional systems in the Netherlands. Food Chem 2020; 314:126153. [PMID: 31986340 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2019.126153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2019] [Revised: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 12/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The relationships between the fatty acid (FA) composition in forage and milk (F&M) from different dairy systems were investigated. Eighty milk samples and 91 forage samples were collected from 40 farms (19 organic, 11 pasture and 10 conventional) in the Netherlands, during winter and summer. The FA profiles of F&M samples were measured with gas chromatography. The results showed that the F&M of organic farms were significantly differentiated from the F&M of other farms, both in summer and winter. The differences are likely due to the different grazing strategies in summer and different forage composition in winter. The Pearson's correlation results showed the specific relationship between individual FAs in forages and related milk. A PLS-DA model was applied to classify all milks samples, resulting in 87.5% and 83.3% correct classifications of training set and validation set.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ningjing Liu
- Wageningen Food Safety Research, Wageningen University and Research, P.O. Box 230, 6700 AE Wageningen, The Netherlands; Food Quality and Design Group, Wageningen University and Research, P.O. Box 17, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Annemieke M Pustjens
- Wageningen Food Safety Research, Wageningen University and Research, P.O. Box 230, 6700 AE Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Sara W Erasmus
- Food Quality and Design Group, Wageningen University and Research, P.O. Box 17, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Yuzheng Yang
- Wageningen Food Safety Research, Wageningen University and Research, P.O. Box 230, 6700 AE Wageningen, The Netherlands; Food Quality and Design Group, Wageningen University and Research, P.O. Box 17, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Kasper Hettinga
- Food Quality and Design Group, Wageningen University and Research, P.O. Box 17, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Saskia M van Ruth
- Wageningen Food Safety Research, Wageningen University and Research, P.O. Box 230, 6700 AE Wageningen, The Netherlands; Food Quality and Design Group, Wageningen University and Research, P.O. Box 17, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands.
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28
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Liu Q, Wu J, Shao T. Roles of microbes and lipolytic enzymes in changing the fatty acid profile, α-tocopherol and β-carotene of whole-crop oat silages during ensiling and after exposure to air. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2019.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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29
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Škrlep M, Čandek-Potokar M, Batorek-Lukač N, Tomažin U, Flores M. Aromatic Profile, Physicochemical and Sensory Traits of Dry-Fermented Sausages Produced without Nitrites Using Pork from Krškopolje Pig Reared in Organic and Conventional Husbandry. Animals (Basel) 2019; 9:ani9020055. [PMID: 30759790 PMCID: PMC6406518 DOI: 10.3390/ani9020055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Accepted: 02/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Consumers associate product quality more and more with the extrinsic cues related to the way animals are raised (animal welfare), agrobiodiversity, and tradition. Consumers also favor the reduced use of additives in products. To support the preservation of the autochthonous pig breeds, which are used marginally due to their lower productivity, it is important to enhance the market potential and value of their products. In light of consumer preferences for organic farming and product naturalness, the present study was designed to develop a nitrite-free product (salami type of dry-fermented sausage) from Krškopolje pigs (autochthonous Slovenian breed) and to evaluate if and how the husbandry system (organic or conventional) affects its quality. Results of this study demonstrated softer texture and somewhat less tasty dry-fermented sausages from pigs that were held in organic husbandry. This result could be ascribed to more unsaturated fat and the fact that sausages were produced without additives with antioxidant capacity. Abstract Dry-fermented sausages were produced in a traditional way, without addition of nitrites and starter cultures, from meat of an autochthonous breed (Krškopolje pig) raised either in a conventional indoor or organic husbandry system. Physicochemical and sensory analyses were performed at the end of processing to characterize their quality. Dry-fermented sausages from organic pork retained more moisture, which resulted in higher water activity and softer texture (instrumental and sensory). They were more oxidized (higher thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS)), in agreement with more unsaturated fatty acid profile, a higher score for rancid taste, and a higher relative abundance of volatiles from lipid β-oxidation. Overall, dry-fermented sausages from organic pork had lower levels of volatile compounds, particularly, those originating from spices (despite the same quantity added) and lower levels of amino-acid degradation. Sensory analysis showed that dry-fermented sausages from organic pork had less intensive and vivid color, tasted more bitter and sour, and had more off-tastes. The observed differences could be related to initial differences in raw material (differences in meat pH and level of polyunsaturated fatty acids) affecting the process of fermentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Škrlep
- Agricultural Institute of Slovenia, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | - Marjeta Čandek-Potokar
- Agricultural Institute of Slovenia, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
- Faculty of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Maribor, 2311 Hoče, Slovenia.
| | | | - Urška Tomažin
- Agricultural Institute of Slovenia, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | - Mónica Flores
- Department of Food Science, IATA-CSIC, 46980 Paterna (Valencia), Spain.
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30
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Isenberg BJ, Soder KJ, Pereira ABD, Standish R, Brito AF. Production, milk fatty acid profile, and nutrient utilization in grazing dairy cows supplemented with ground flaxseed. J Dairy Sci 2019; 102:1294-1311. [PMID: 30591336 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2018-15376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2018] [Accepted: 11/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Flaxseed has been extensively used as a supplement for dairy cows because of its high concentrations of energy and the n-3 fatty acid (FA) cis-9,cis-12,cis-15 18:3. However, limited information is available regarding the effect of ground flaxseed on dry matter intake (DMI), ruminal fermentation, and nutrient utilization in grazing dairy cows. Twenty multiparous Jersey cows averaging (mean ± standard deviation) 111 ± 49 d in milk in the beginning of the study were used in a randomized complete block design to investigate the effects of supplementing herbage (i.e., grazed forage) with ground corn-soybean meal mix (control diet = CTRL) or ground flaxseed (flaxseed diet = FLX) on animal production, milk FA, ruminal metabolism, and nutrient digestibility. The study was conducted from June to September 2013, with data and sample collection taking place on wk 4, 8, 12, and 16. Cows were fed a diet formulated to yield a 60:40 forage-to-concentrate ratio consisting of (dry matter basis): 40% cool-season perennial herbage, 50% partial total mixed ration, and 10% of ground corn-soybean meal mix or 10% ground flaxseed. However, estimated herbage DMI averaged 5.59 kg/d or 34% of the total DMI. Significant treatment by week interactions were observed for milk and blood urea N, and several milk FA (e.g., trans-10 18:1). No significant differences between treatments were observed for herbage and total DMI, milk yield, feed efficiency, concentrations and yields of milk components, and urinary excretion of purine derivatives. Total-tract digestibility of organic matter decreased, whereas that of neutral detergent fiber increased with feeding FLX versus CTRL. No treatment effects were observed for ruminal concentrations of total volatile FA and NH3-N, and ruminal proportions of acetate and propionate. Ruminal butyrate tended to decrease, and the acetate-to-propionate ratio decreased in the FLX diet. Most saturated and unsaturated FA in milk fat were changed. Specifically, milk proportion of cis-9,cis-12,cis-15 18:3, Σn-3 FA, and Σ18C FA increased, whereas that of cis-9,cis-12 18:2, Σn-6 FA, Σ odd-chain FA, Σ<16C FA, and Σ16C FA decreased with feeding FLX versus the CTRL diet. In conclusion, feeding FLX did not change yields of milk and milk components, but increased milk n-3 FA. Therefore, costs and industry adoption of premiums for n-3-enriched milk will determine the adoption of ground flaxseed in pasture-based dairy farms.
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Affiliation(s)
- B J Isenberg
- Department of Agriculture, Nutrition, and Food Systems, University of New Hampshire, Durham 03824
| | - K J Soder
- Pasture Systems and Watershed Management Research Unit, USDA-Agricultural Research Service, University Park, PA 16802
| | - A B D Pereira
- Department of Agriculture, Nutrition, and Food Systems, University of New Hampshire, Durham 03824
| | - R Standish
- Department of Agriculture, Nutrition, and Food Systems, University of New Hampshire, Durham 03824
| | - A F Brito
- Department of Agriculture, Nutrition, and Food Systems, University of New Hampshire, Durham 03824.
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31
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Bai S, Cao ZJ, Cao BB, Yang HJ, Li SL, Liu JX. Effects of different forage combinations in total mixed rations on in vitro gas production kinetics, ruminal and milk fatty acid profiles of lactating cows. Anim Sci J 2018; 89:1261-1270. [PMID: 29877003 DOI: 10.1111/asj.13036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2017] [Accepted: 03/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to determine the effects of different forage combinations on in vitro gas production (GP) kinetics, ruminal and milk fatty acid profiles. Forty-five lactating cows were randomly arranged into three groups and fed three total mixed rations (TMRs) with different forage combinations: TMR1, 23% alfalfa hay, 7% Chinese wild ryegrass hay and 15% whole corn silage; TMR2, 30% corn stover plus 15% whole corn silage; TMR3, 30% rice straw plus 15% whole corn silage. In vitro dry matter disappearance ranked: TMR1 > TMR2 > TMR3, and highest cumulative GP and asymptotic GP occurred in TMR1 while no difference occurred between TMR2 and TMR3. The average GP rate ranked: TMR1 > TMR2 > TMR3. TMR1 in comparison with TMR2 and TMR3 presented lower rumen contents of acetate and butyrate and greater rumen contents of propionate, valerate, C13:0, C14:0, C15:0, C18:1cis-9, C18:2n-6, C18:3n-3, C20:0 and C22:0 as well as milk C18:2n-6 and C18:3n-3 proportions. Transfer efficiencies of C18:2n-6 and C18:3n-3 from diet to milk ranked: TMR1 > TMR2 > TMR3. The findings suggest TMRs containing alfalfa hay and Chinese wild ryegrass hay in comparison with corn stover or rice straw improve rumen fermentation and transfer efficiency of C18:2n-6 and C18:3n-3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarvvl Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhi-Jun Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Engineering Technology Research Center of Raw Milk Quality and Safety Control, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Bin-Bin Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Hong-Jian Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Sheng-Li Li
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Engineering Technology Research Center of Raw Milk Quality and Safety Control, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Jian-Xin Liu
- Institute of Dairy Science, MoE Key laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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Goossen C, Bosworth S, Darby H, Kraft J. Microwave pretreatment allows accurate fatty acid analysis of small fresh weight (100 g) dried alfalfa, ryegrass, and winter rye samples. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2018.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Capstaff NM, Miller AJ. Improving the Yield and Nutritional Quality of Forage Crops. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:535. [PMID: 29740468 PMCID: PMC5928394 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.00535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2017] [Accepted: 04/06/2018] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Despite being some of the most important crops globally, there has been limited research on forages when compared with cereals, fruits, and vegetables. This review summarizes the literature highlighting the significance of forage crops, the current improvements and some of future directions for improving yield and nutritional quality. We make the point that the knowledge obtained from model plant and grain crops can be applied to forage crops. The timely development of genomics and bioinformatics together with genome editing techniques offer great scope to improve forage crops. Given the social, environmental and economic importance of forage across the globe and especially in poorer countries, this opportunity has enormous potential to improve food security and political stability.
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Fruet APB, Trombetta F, Stefanello FS, Speroni CS, Donadel JZ, De Souza ANM, Rosado Júnior A, Tonetto CJ, Wagner R, De Mello A, Nörnberg JL. Effects of feeding legume-grass pasture and different concentrate levels on fatty acid profile, volatile compounds, and off-flavor of the M. longissimus thoracis. Meat Sci 2018; 140:112-118. [PMID: 29549844 DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2018.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2017] [Revised: 01/29/2018] [Accepted: 03/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Pasture-finished beef is becoming more popular among consumers due to concerns related to fatty acid content and sustainable practices. The effects of finishing crossbred steers on legume-grass pasture comprised of oats, ryegrass, and clover (PAST), legume-grass pasture plus whole corn grain (WCG) supplementation (SUPP), and only with WCG (GRAIN) on fatty acids profile, volatile compounds, sensory, and texture attributes were studied. Pasture diets (PAST and SUPP) led to lower n-6/n-3 ratio (P < 0.001), and highest deposition of C18:2 cis-9 trans-11 (P < 0.001) in the lean. Beef from steers fed GRAIN had the highest values of volatile compounds associated with lipid oxidation. Off-flavor intensity was significantly greater on beef from steers fed GRAIN when compared to PAST. Overall, muscles from steers finished on PAST and SUPP showed similar attributes but differ when compared to GRAIN. The presence of forage is essential to improve fatty acid profile, decrease volatile compounds associated with lipid oxidation, and minimize off-flavor.
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Affiliation(s)
- A P B Fruet
- Department of Science and Food Technology, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, 1000 Roraima Av., Santa Maria, RS 97105900, Brazil; Department of Agriculture, Nutrition, and Veterinary Sciences, University of Nevada, Reno, 1664 N. Virginia St. mail stop 202, Reno, NV 89557, United States.
| | - F Trombetta
- Department of Science and Food Technology, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, 1000 Roraima Av., Santa Maria, RS 97105900, Brazil
| | - F S Stefanello
- Department of Science and Food Technology, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, 1000 Roraima Av., Santa Maria, RS 97105900, Brazil
| | - C S Speroni
- Department of Science and Food Technology, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, 1000 Roraima Av., Santa Maria, RS 97105900, Brazil
| | - J Z Donadel
- Department of Science and Food Technology, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, 1000 Roraima Av., Santa Maria, RS 97105900, Brazil
| | - A N M De Souza
- Farroupilha Federal Institute, São Vicente do Sul, s/n 20 de Setembro St., São Vicente do Sul, RS 97420000, Brazil
| | - A Rosado Júnior
- Farroupilha Federal Institute, São Vicente do Sul, s/n 20 de Setembro St., São Vicente do Sul, RS 97420000, Brazil
| | - C J Tonetto
- Farroupilha Federal Institute, São Vicente do Sul, s/n 20 de Setembro St., São Vicente do Sul, RS 97420000, Brazil
| | - R Wagner
- Department of Science and Food Technology, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, 1000 Roraima Av., Santa Maria, RS 97105900, Brazil
| | - A De Mello
- Department of Agriculture, Nutrition, and Veterinary Sciences, University of Nevada, Reno, 1664 N. Virginia St. mail stop 202, Reno, NV 89557, United States
| | - J L Nörnberg
- Department of Science and Food Technology, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, 1000 Roraima Av., Santa Maria, RS 97105900, Brazil
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35
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Liu Q, Dong Z, Shao T. Effect of additives on fatty acid profile of high moisture alfalfa silage during ensiling and after exposure to air. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2017.11.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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36
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Properties and aromatic profile of dry-fermented sausages produced from Krškopolje pigs reared under organic and conventional rearing regime. Animal 2018; 12:1316-1323. [DOI: 10.1017/s1751731117002713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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37
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Brito A, Soder K, Chouinard P, Reis S, Ross S, Rubano M, Casler M. Production performance and milk fatty acid profile in grazing dairy cows offered ground corn or liquid molasses as the sole supplemental nonstructural carbohydrate source. J Dairy Sci 2017; 100:8146-8160. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2017-12618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2017] [Accepted: 06/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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38
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Kim DH, Amanullah SM, Lee HJ, Joo YH, Han OK, Adesogan AT, Kim SC. Effects of hybrid and bacterial inoculation on fermentation quality and fatty acid profile of barley silage. Anim Sci J 2017; 89:140-148. [DOI: 10.1111/asj.12923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2017] [Accepted: 08/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dong Hyeon Kim
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21Plus, Institute of Agriculture and Life Science) Gyeongsang National University JinjuSouth Korea
- Department of Animal Sciences IFAS University of Florida Gainesville FL USA
| | | | - Hyuk Jun Lee
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21Plus, Institute of Agriculture and Life Science) Gyeongsang National University JinjuSouth Korea
| | - Young Ho Joo
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21Plus, Institute of Agriculture and Life Science) Gyeongsang National University JinjuSouth Korea
| | - Ouk Kyu Han
- National Institute of Crop Science RDA Suwon South Korea
| | | | - Sam Churl Kim
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21Plus, Institute of Agriculture and Life Science) Gyeongsang National University JinjuSouth Korea
- Department of Animal Sciences IFAS University of Florida Gainesville FL USA
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Dias KM, Schmitt D, Rodolfo GR, Deschamps FC, Camargo GN, Pereira RS, Sbrissia AF. Fatty acid profile in vertical strata of elephant grass subjected to intermittent stocking. AN ACAD BRAS CIENC 2017; 89:1707-1718. [PMID: 28813094 DOI: 10.1590/0001-3765201720150272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2015] [Accepted: 08/31/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The milk and meat from animals with a pasture-based diet have higher proportions of CLA and C18:3 and lower omega-6:omega-3 ratios than products from animals with diets based on corn silage and concentrate. However, most of the published studies have evaluated fatty acid profiles in temperate climate grasses and the literature with tropical grasses is scarce. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the morphological and fatty acid compositions in the vertical strata of elephant grass (Pennisetum purpureum Schum.) swards subjected to grazing heights (90 or 120 cm pre-grazing heights) and levels of defoliation (50% or 70% removal of the initial pre-grazing height). There were no interactions among pre-grazing height, the level of defoliation and grazing stratum. However, higher proportion of C18:3 (58% and 63%) was found in the 90-cm swards and in the half upper stratum. A higher proportion of C18:3 was associated with a higher leaf proportion and crude protein content. Thus, the upper stratum of sward or a grazing management scheme (e.g. first-last stocking) resulting in a higher proportion of leaves and crude protein both provide higher proportions of C18:3 to animals grazing in elephant grass swards.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamila M Dias
- Departamento de Produção Animal e Alimentos, Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina/UDESC, Av. Camões, 2090, 88520-000 Lages, SC, Brazil
| | - Daniel Schmitt
- Departamento de Produção Animal e Alimentos, Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina/UDESC, Av. Camões, 2090, 88520-000 Lages, SC, Brazil
| | - Giselle R Rodolfo
- Departamento de Produção Animal e Alimentos, Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina/UDESC, Av. Camões, 2090, 88520-000 Lages, SC, Brazil
| | - Francisco C Deschamps
- Empresa de Pesquisa Agropecuária e Extensão Rural de Santa Catarina/EPAGRI, Rodovia Antônio Heil, 6800, Caixa Postal 277, 88112-318 Itajaí, SC, Brazil
| | - Guilherme N Camargo
- Departamento de Produção Animal e Alimentos, Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina/UDESC, Av. Camões, 2090, 88520-000 Lages, SC, Brazil
| | - Raphael S Pereira
- Departamento de Produção Animal e Alimentos, Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina/UDESC, Av. Camões, 2090, 88520-000 Lages, SC, Brazil
| | - André F Sbrissia
- Departamento de Produção Animal e Alimentos, Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina/UDESC, Av. Camões, 2090, 88520-000 Lages, SC, Brazil
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Blank CP, Loy DD, Hansen SL. Effect of post-ethanol extraction sorghum silage as a forage source in growing and finishing diets on steer performance, carcass characteristics, and nutrient digestibility. J Anim Sci 2017; 95:3206-3213. [PMID: 28727076 DOI: 10.2527/jas.2017.1511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Two experiments evaluated the use of post-ethanol extraction sorghum silage as an alternative forage source in feedlot diets. Seventy-two crossbred steers (397 kg [SD 23]) were used to evaluate growth and carcass characteristics. Steers were blocked by BW into pens of 6 steers and randomly assigned to growing diets containing 40% (DM basis) sorghum silage (SS; 57.6% NDF) or grass hay (CON; 63.3% NDF) for 56 d ( = 6 pens per treatment). Within each treatment, steers transitioned to dry-rolled corn-based finishing diets (fed for 56 d) containing 6% effective NDF contributed by the forage source, resulting in forage inclusions of 16% for SS and 13.1% for CON, where forage replaced corn. A subsample of steers ( = 12 per treatment) housed in pens equipped with GrowSafe bunks were used for determination of growing phase diet total tract digestibility. From d 28 to 42, steers received titanium dioxide at approximately 10 g∙steer∙d, and fecal samples were collected on d 41 and 42. Fecal and total mixed ration samples were dried and ground for analysis of DM, OM, NDF, ADF, CP, ether extract (EE), and starch. Data were analyzed with the MIXED procedure of SAS, with fixed effects of treatment and block for performance and carcass data or treatment for digestibility data; significance was determined at ≤ 0.05 and tendencies at ≤ 0.10. Growing phase DMI and ADG did not differ due to treatment ( ≥ 0.19); however, SS-fed steers had improved G:F compared with CON-fed steers ( = 0.04). Finishing period ADG and G:F did not differ ( ≥ 0.15) between treatments, despite SS-fed steers having lesser ( = 0.008) DMI than CON-fed steers. No differences in DMI, ADG, or G:F over the whole trial were noted between treatments ( ≥ 0.12) nor were any carcass traits affected ( ≥ 0.23). During the digestibility assessment period, DMI was less ( = 0.003) in SS-fed steers. Growing phase total tract apparent digestibility of DM and starch did not differ ( ≥ 0.19) due to treatment; however, OM digestibility tended to be greater ( = 0.09) in SS-fed steers. Steers fed SS had greater ( ≤ 0.03) digestibility of EE, CP, NDF, and hemicellulose than CON-fed steers. However, CON-fed steers had greater ( < 0.0001) ADF digestibility than SS-fed steers. These data suggest that postextraction sorghum silage can be effectively used in feedlot diets as an alternative forage source.
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Yari M, Valizadeh R, Nnaserian AA, Jonker A, Yu P. Carbohydrate and lipid spectroscopic molecular structures of different alfalfa hay and their relationship with nutrient availability in ruminants. ASIAN-AUSTRALASIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCES 2017; 30:1575-1589. [PMID: 28335093 PMCID: PMC5666193 DOI: 10.5713/ajas.16.0756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2016] [Revised: 12/02/2016] [Accepted: 03/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study was conducted to determine molecular structures related to carbohydrates and lipid in alfalfa hay cut at early bud, late bud and early flower and in the afternoon and next morning using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT/IR) and to determine their relationship with alfalfa hay nutrient profile and availability in ruminants. METHODS Chemical composition analysis, carbohydrate fractionation, in situ ruminal degradability, and DVE/OEB model were used to measure nutrient profile and availability of alfalfa hay. Univariate analysis, hierarchical cluster analysis (CLA) and principal components analysis (PCA) were conducted to identify FT/IR spectra differences. RESULTS The FT/IR non-structural carbohydrate (NSCHO) to total carbohydrates and NSCHO to structural carbohydrate ratios decreased (p<0.05), while lignin to NSCHO and lipid CH3 symmetric to CH2 symmetric ratios increased with advancing maturity (p<0.05). The FT/IR spectra related to structural carbohydrates, lignin and lipids were distinguished for alfalfa hay at three maturities by PCA and CLA, while FT/IR molecular structures related to carbohydrates and lipids were similar between alfalfa hay cut in the morning and afternoon when analyzed by PCA and CLA analysis. Positive correlations were found for FT/IR NSCHO to total carbohydrate and NSCHO to structural carbohydrate ratios with non-fiber carbohydrate (by wet chemistry), ruminal fast and intermediately degradable carbohydrate fractions and total ruminal degradability of carbohydrates and predicted intestinal nutrient availability in dairy cows (r≥0.60; p<0.05) whereas FT/IR lignin to NSCHO and CH3 to CH2 symmetric stretching ratio had negative correlation with predicted ruminal and intestinal nutrient availability of alfalfa hay in dairy cows (r≥-0.60; p<0.05). CONCLUSION FT/IR carbohydrate and lipid molecular structures in alfalfa hay changed with advancing maturity from early bud to early flower, but not during the day, and these molecular structures correlated with predicted nutrient supply of alfalfa hay in ruminants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mojtaba Yari
- Department of Animal and Poultry Science, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5A8, Canada.,Department of Animal Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad 91775-1163, Iran.,Department of Animal Science, Malayer University, Malayer 65719-95863, Iran
| | - Reza Valizadeh
- Department of Animal Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad 91775-1163, Iran
| | - Abbas Ali Nnaserian
- Department of Animal Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad 91775-1163, Iran
| | - Arjan Jonker
- Department of Animal and Poultry Science, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5A8, Canada.,Grasslands Research Centre, AgResearch Ltd., Tennent Drive, Private Bag 11008, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
| | - Peiqiang Yu
- Department of Animal and Poultry Science, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5A8, Canada
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Leduc M, Gervais R, Tremblay G, Chiquette J, Chouinard P. Milk fatty acid profile in cows fed red clover- or alfalfa-silage based diets differing in rumen-degradable protein supply. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2016.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Rabelo C, Basso F, McAllister T, Lage J, Gonçalves G, Lara E, Oliveira A, Berchielli T, Reis R. Influence of Lactobacillus buchneri as silage additive and forage:concentrate ratio on the growth performance, fatty acid profile in longissimus muscle, and meat quality of beef cattle. CANADIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2016. [DOI: 10.1139/cjas-2015-0161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Our objective was to investigate Lactobacillus buchneri as a silage additive and the forage:concentrate (F:C) ratio on growth performance and meat quality of finishing beef cattle. The trial was a 2 (corn silage untreated or inoculated with L. buchneri) × 2 (two F:C ratios, 60:40 or 40:60) factorial. Bulls fed a 40:60 F:C diet containing inoculated silage had greater dry matter (DM) intake (P < 0.01) and average daily gain (P = 0.029) compared with other treatments. DM (P = 0.02) and neutral detergent digestibility (P < 0.01) were depressed by inoculation of corn silage with L. buchneri. Thiobarbituric acid concentration in meat increased (P < 0.01) by 15% in bulls fed the 60:40 F:C diet compared with the 40:60 F:C diet. Inoculation of silage increased (P = 0.02) the ratio of unsaturated fatty acids to saturated fatty acids. Compared with the 60:40 F:C diet, the concentrations of polyunsaturated fatty acids (P = 0.03) and omega-6 fatty acids (P = 0.02) increased in longissimus muscle by 23% and 26%, respectively, in bulls fed the 40:60 F:C diet. Inoculation of corn silage with L. buchneri inconsistently improved the growth performance and meat traits of finishing bulls consuming diets differing in F:C.
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Affiliation(s)
- C.H.S. Rabelo
- Department of Animal Sciences, São Paulo State University, Jaboticabal, SP 14884-900, Brazil
| | - F.C. Basso
- Department of Animal Sciences, São Paulo State University, Jaboticabal, SP 14884-900, Brazil
| | - T.A. McAllister
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada Research Centre, Lethbridge, AB T1J 4B1, Canada
| | - J.F. Lage
- Department of Animal Sciences, São Paulo State University, Jaboticabal, SP 14884-900, Brazil
| | - G.S. Gonçalves
- Department of Animal Sciences, São Paulo State University, Jaboticabal, SP 14884-900, Brazil
| | - E.C. Lara
- Department of Animal Sciences, São Paulo State University, Jaboticabal, SP 14884-900, Brazil
| | - A.A. Oliveira
- Department of Animal Sciences, São Paulo State University, Jaboticabal, SP 14884-900, Brazil
| | - T.T. Berchielli
- Department of Animal Sciences, São Paulo State University, Jaboticabal, SP 14884-900, Brazil
| | - R.A. Reis
- Department of Animal Sciences, São Paulo State University, Jaboticabal, SP 14884-900, Brazil
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An appraisal of the concept of Rumen Unsaturated Fatty Acid Load and its relation to milk fat concentration using data from commercial dairy farms. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.15232/pas.2016-01526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Pashaei S, Ghoorchi T, Yamchi A. Evaluation of biohydrogenation rate of canola vs. soya bean seeds as unsaturated fatty acids sources for ruminants in situ. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2016; 100:211-6. [PMID: 26094995 DOI: 10.1111/jpn.12347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2014] [Accepted: 04/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
An experiment was conducted to study disappearance of C14 to C18 fatty acids, lag times and biohydrogenation (BH) rates of C18 fatty acids of ground soya bean and canola seeds in situ. Three ruminally fistulated Dallagh sheep were used to determine ruminal BH of unsaturated fatty acids (UFAs). Differences in the disappearance of fatty acids through the bags and lag times were observed between the oilseeds. We saw that the longer the incubation time of the oilseeds in the rumen, the lower the content of C18:2 and C18:3. Significantly higher lag times for both C18:2 and C18:3 were observed in ground canola compared to ground soya bean. BH rates of C18:2 and C18:3 fatty acids in soya bean were three times higher than those of canola. These results suggest that the fatty acid profile of fat source can affect the BH of UFAs by rumen micro-organisms. So that UFAs of canola had higher ability to escape from ruminal BH. It seems that fatty acid profile of ruminant products is more affected by canola seed compared to soya bean seed.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Pashaei
- Department of Animal Science, University of Agricultural sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran
| | - T Ghoorchi
- Department of Animal Science, University of Agricultural sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran
| | - A Yamchi
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Agricultural sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran
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Cabiddu A, Decandia M, Salis L, Scanu G, Fiori M, Addis M, Sitzia M, Molle G. Effect of species, cultivar and phenological stage of different forage legumes on herbage fatty acid composition. ITALIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2016. [DOI: 10.4081/ijas.2009.s2.277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Cabiddu
- AGRIS Sardegna, Dipartimento per la Ricerca nelle Produzioni Animali, Olmedo, Italy
| | - Mauro Decandia
- AGRIS Sardegna, Dipartimento per la Ricerca nelle Produzioni Animali, Olmedo, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Salis
- AGRIS Sardegna, Dipartimento per la Ricerca nelle Produzioni Animali, Olmedo, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Scanu
- AGRIS Sardegna, Dipartimento per la Ricerca nelle Produzioni Animali, Olmedo, Italy
| | - Myriam Fiori
- AGRIS Sardegna, Dipartimento per la Ricerca nelle Produzioni Animali, Olmedo, Italy
| | - Margherita Addis
- AGRIS Sardegna, Dipartimento per la Ricerca nelle Produzioni Animali, Olmedo, Italy
| | - Maria Sitzia
- AGRIS Sardegna, Dipartimento per la Ricerca nelle Produzioni Animali, Olmedo, Italy
| | - Giovanni Molle
- AGRIS Sardegna, Dipartimento per la Ricerca nelle Produzioni Animali, Olmedo, Italy
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Bochicchio D, Comellini M, Marchetto G, Faeti V, Casa GD. Modification of Lipid Fraction in Ensiled High Moisture Corn. ITALIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2016. [DOI: 10.4081/ijas.2015.3899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Davide Bochicchio
- Unità di ricerca per la suinicoltura, Consiglio per la ricerca in agricoltura e l’analisi dell’economia agraria, San Cesario sul Panaro (MO), Italy
| | - Michele Comellini
- Unità di ricerca per la suinicoltura, Consiglio per la ricerca in agricoltura e l’analisi dell’economia agraria, San Cesario sul Panaro (MO), Italy
| | - Gianni Marchetto
- Unità di ricerca per la suinicoltura, Consiglio per la ricerca in agricoltura e l’analisi dell’economia agraria, San Cesario sul Panaro (MO), Italy
| | - Valerio Faeti
- Unità di ricerca per la suinicoltura, Consiglio per la ricerca in agricoltura e l’analisi dell’economia agraria, San Cesario sul Panaro (MO), Italy
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Kim DH, Amanullah SM, Lee HJ, Joo YH, Yun H, Lee SS, Song YM, Kim HY, Kim SC. Effects of L. plantarum Application on Chemical Composition, Fermentation Indices and Fatty Acid Profiles of Barley Silage. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.14397/jals.2015.49.5.157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Koivunen E, Jaakkola S, Heikkilä T, Lampi AM, Halmemies-Beauchet-Filleau A, Lee MRF, Winters AL, Shingfield KJ, Vanhatalo A. Effects of plant species, stage of maturity, and level of formic acid addition on lipolysis, lipid content, and fatty acid composition during ensiling1. J Anim Sci 2015; 93:4408-23. [DOI: 10.2527/jas.2014-8813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Elgersma A. Grazing increases the unsaturated fatty acid concentration of milk from grass-fed cows: A review of the contributing factors, challenges and future perspectives. EUR J LIPID SCI TECH 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ejlt.201400469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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