1
|
Hirota S, Tateishi U, Nakamoto Y, Yamamoto H, Sakurai S, Kikuchi H, Kanda T, Kurokawa Y, Cho H, Nishida T, Sawaki A, Ozaka M, Komatsu Y, Naito Y, Honma Y, Takahashi F, Hashimoto H, Udo M, Araki M, Nishidate S. English version of Japanese Clinical Practice Guidelines 2022 for gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) issued by the Japan Society of Clinical Oncology. Int J Clin Oncol 2024; 29:647-680. [PMID: 38609732 PMCID: PMC11130037 DOI: 10.1007/s10147-024-02488-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
The Japan Society of Clinical Oncology Clinical Practice Guidelines 2022 for gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) have been published in accordance with the Minds Manual for Guideline Development 2014 and 2017. A specialized team independent of the working group for the revision performed a systematic review. Since GIST is a rare type of tumor, clinical evidence is not sufficient to answer several clinical and background questions. Thus, in these guidelines, we considered that consensus among the experts who manage GIST, the balance between benefits and harms, patients' wishes, medical economic perspective, etc. are important considerations in addition to the evidence. Although guidelines for the treatment of GIST have also been published by the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) and the European Society for Medical Oncology (ESMO), there are some differences between the treatments proposed in those guidelines and the treatments in the present guidelines because of the differences in health insurance systems among countries.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Seiichi Hirota
- Department of Surgical Pathology, Hyogo Medical University School of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Japan.
| | - Ukihide Tateishi
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuji Nakamoto
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging and Nuclear Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hidetaka Yamamoto
- Department of Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Shinji Sakurai
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Japan Community Healthcare Organization Gunma Central Hospital, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Hirotoshi Kikuchi
- Department of Surgery, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Tatsuo Kanda
- Department of Gastroenterology, Southern TOHOKU General Hospital, Koriyama, Japan
| | - Yukinori Kurokawa
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Haruhiko Cho
- Department of Surgery, Tokyo Metropolitan Cancer and Infectious Diseases Center Komagome Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshirou Nishida
- Department of Surgery, Japan Community Healthcare Organization Osaka Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - Akira Sawaki
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shonan Kamakura General Hospital, Kamakura, Japan
| | - Masato Ozaka
- Department of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Medicine, Cancer Institute Hospital of Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshito Komatsu
- Department of Cancer Chemotherapy, Hokkaido University Hospital Cancer Center, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yoichi Naito
- Department of General Internal Medicine, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwa, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Honma
- Department of Head and Neck, Esophageal Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Fumiaki Takahashi
- Department of Information Science, Iwate Medical University, Morioka, Japan
| | | | - Midori Udo
- Nursing Department, Osaka Police Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - Minako Araki
- Association of Chubu GIST Patients and Their Families, Nagoya, Japan
| | | |
Collapse
|
2
|
Golčić M, Jones RL, Huang P, Napolitano A. Evaluation of Systemic Treatment Options for Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumours. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:4081. [PMID: 37627109 PMCID: PMC10452236 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15164081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastrointestinal stromal tumours (GIST) are the most common mesenchymal tumours of the gastrointestinal tract. Surgical treatment is recommended for the majority of localised GIST, while systemic treatment is the cornerstone of management for metastatic or unresectable disease. While a three-year regimen of imatinib is the standard of care in the adjuvant setting, there is no precise recommendation for the duration of neoadjuvant treatment, where imatinib is usually given between 4 and 12 months. Continuous treatment with imatinib at a dose of 400 mg once per day is recommended for most patients with unresectable or metastatic GIST in the first line. An exception is represented by patients with tumours harbouring the imatinib-insensitive PDGFRA D842V mutation who would be better treated with avapritinib. Targeted therapies are also recommended in the presence of NTRK rearrangements and BRAF mutations, although limited data are available. While an increase in the dose of imatinib to 800 mg is an option for the second line, sunitinib is usually considered the standard of care. Similar outcomes were reported for ripretinib in patients with tumours harbouring KIT exon 11 mutation, with significantly fewer side effects. Regorafenib and ripretinib are the standards of care in the third and fourth lines, respectively. The recent development of various systemic treatment options allows for a more personalised approach based on the molecular profile of the GIST, patient characteristics, and the profile of medications' adverse events. A multidisciplinary approach is paramount since combining systemic treatment with locoregional treatment options and supportive care is vital for long-term survival.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marin Golčić
- Department of Radiotherapy and Oncology, Clinical Hospital Center Rijeka, Krešimirova 42, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Robin L. Jones
- Sarcoma Unit, The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, Fulham Road, London SW3 6JJ, UK
| | - Paul Huang
- Division of Molecular Pathology, The Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton SM2 5NG, UK;
| | - Andrea Napolitano
- Sarcoma Unit, The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, Fulham Road, London SW3 6JJ, UK
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Kim HD, Yoo C, Ryu MH, Kang YK. A randomised phase 2 study of continuous or intermittent dosing schedule of imatinib re-challenge in patients with tyrosine kinase inhibitor-refractory gastrointestinal stromal tumours. Br J Cancer 2023; 129:275-282. [PMID: 37179439 PMCID: PMC10338488 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-023-02269-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Imatinib re-challenge is one of the available therapeutic options for patients with treatment-refractory gastrointestinal stromal tumours (GIST). Intermittent dosing of imatinib was suggested to delay outgrow of the imatinib-resistant clones in a preclinical study, and it could potentially reduce the adverse events. METHODS A randomised phase 2 study was performed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of a continuous or intermittent imatinib schedule in GIST patients whose disease had progressed to at least imatinib and sunitinib. RESULTS Fifty patients were included in the full analysis set. The disease control rate at 12 weeks was 34.8% and 43.5%, and median progression-free survival was 1.68 and 1.57 months in the continuous and intermittent groups, respectively. The frequency of diarrhoea, anorexia, decreased neutrophil, or dysphagia was lower in the intermittent group. The scores for global health status/quality of life was not significantly deteriorated over the 8 weeks in both groups. CONCLUSIONS The intermittent dosage did not improve the efficacy outcomes as compared to the continuous dosage, but showed slightly better safety profiles. Given the limited efficacy of imatinib re-challenge, intermittent dosage may also be considered in clinical circumstances where standard fourth-line agent is unavailable or all other viable treatments failed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hyung-Don Kim
- Department of Oncology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Changhoon Yoo
- Department of Oncology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Hee Ryu
- Department of Oncology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon-Koo Kang
- Department of Oncology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Grimaudo MS, Laffi A, Gennaro N, Fazio R, D’Orazio F, Samà L, Siracusano LV, Sicoli F, Renne SL, Santoro A, Bertuzzi AF. Case Report: Should Regorafenib be prescribed as a continuous schedule in gastrointestinal stromal tumors? Three case reports on Regorafenib personalized schedule. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1190123. [PMID: 37324004 PMCID: PMC10264664 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1190123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Regorafenib is a tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) approved in metastatic gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST), colorectal cancer, and hepatocarcinoma. Anyway, the toxicity profile of Regorafenib standard schedule is associated with poor compliance and a high rate of discontinuation. For this reason, there is a growing need for a Regorafenib personalized schedule emerging from the scientific community. Objective The aim of this case series was to describe the experience of our sarcoma referral center with the continuous administration of Regorafenib as an alternative regimen to treat metastatic GIST patients. Methods We retrospectively collected clinical, pathological, and radiological data of patients with metastatic GIST treated with daily personalized Regorafenib at a single tertiary referral center from May 2021 to December 2022. Results We identified three patients fulfilling the inclusion criteria. The average follow-up since the start of Regorafenib was 19.1 months (12-25 months). All three patients had started a standard third-line Regorafenib schedule according to guidelines. The reasons for switching to a continuous schedule were as follows: exacerbation of symptoms during week-off treatment in the first patient, a serious adverse event (AE) in the second patient, and a combination of both conditions in the third. After switching, none of the patients reported severe AEs, and they improved control of tumor-related symptoms. Two of the patients experienced disease progression after 16 months (9 months of which is continuous schedule) and 12 months (8.1 months of which is continuous schedule) of Regorafenib, respectively; the third patient is still receiving continuous Regorafenib at the time of writing, with a progression-free survival of 25 months (14 months after the modified schedule start). Conclusion With a similar efficacy and lower toxicities, a daily, personalized Regorafenib schedule seems to be a promising alternative to the standard regimen for metastatic GIST patients, including the frail ones. Further prospective analyses are needed to confirm the safety and efficacy of such regimen.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Susanna Grimaudo
- Department of Oncology and Hematology, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Italy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Pieve Emanuele, Italy
| | - Alice Laffi
- Department of Oncology and Hematology, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Italy
| | - Nicolò Gennaro
- Department of Radiology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Roberta Fazio
- Department of Oncology and Hematology, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Italy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Pieve Emanuele, Italy
| | - Federico D’Orazio
- Department of Radiology, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Italy
| | - Laura Samà
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Italy
| | | | - Federico Sicoli
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Italy
| | - Salvatore Lorenzo Renne
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Pieve Emanuele, Italy
- IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Department of Anatomical Pathology, Rozzano, Italy
| | - Armando Santoro
- Department of Oncology and Hematology, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Italy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Pieve Emanuele, Italy
| | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Khachatryan V, Muazzam A, Hamal C, Velugoti LSDR, Tabowei G, Gaddipati GN, Mukhtar M, Alzubaidee MJ, Dwarampudi RS, Mathew S, Bichenapally S, Mohammed L. The Role of Regorafenib in the Management of Advanced Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors: A Systematic Review. Cureus 2022; 14:e28665. [PMID: 36199644 PMCID: PMC9526434 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.28665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Regorafenib, a multi-kinase inhibitor, has been widely used to treat patients with gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST) who failed the initial treatment with imatinib and sunitinib. This systematic review aims to demonstrate the efficacy and safety of regorafenib for patients with metastatic and/or unresectable GIST. We followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines to perform this systematic review. We searched PubMed, Science Direct, and Cochrane databases to identify relevant articles based on predefined selection criteria. The implication of the search strategy results in 776 records from all databases. We excluded conference abstracts, discussion articles, case reports, case series, systematic reviews, and other observational non-intervention studies from the study, along with the articles published in languages other than English. After the screening and quality assessment, 10 studies were selected for final review - two randomized controlled trials and eight non-randomized prospective and retrospective review articles of intervention. Regorafenib improved the survival rates of patients after the failure of imatinib and sunitinib treatment, with an acceptable safety profile. Close monitoring of the patients may be needed to detect and manage the grade 4 or higher adverse events.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vahe Khachatryan
- Internal Medicine, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA
| | - Asmaa Muazzam
- Pathology, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA
| | - Chandani Hamal
- Internal Medicine, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA
| | | | - Godfrey Tabowei
- Research, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA
| | - Greeshma N Gaddipati
- Research, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA
| | - Maria Mukhtar
- Research, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA
| | - Mohammed J Alzubaidee
- Internal Medicine, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA
| | | | - Sheena Mathew
- Research, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA
| | - Sumahitha Bichenapally
- Internal Medicine, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA
| | - Lubna Mohammed
- Internal Medicine, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Teranishi R, Takahashi T, Nishida T, Hirota S, Kurokawa Y, Saito T, Yamamoto K, Yamashita K, Tanaka K, Makino T, Motoori M, Omori T, Nakajima K, Eguchi H, Doki Y. Efficacy and safety of regorafenib in Japanese patients with advanced gastrointestinal stromal tumors. Int J Clin Oncol 2022; 27:1164-1172. [PMID: 35435530 DOI: 10.1007/s10147-022-02159-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Regorafenib is an oral multi-kinase inhibitor that has been established as third-line treatment for patients after the failure of imatinib and sunitinib. However, since clinical data of regorafenib in the Japanese population are still lacking, the management of regorafenib is mainly based on the clinical experience of each oncologist. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of regorafenib in a Japanese population. METHODS Thirty-three patients treated with regorafenib for metastatic and recurrent gastrointestinal stromal tumors were retrospectively enrolled. This study investigated the anti-tumor effect, including overall survival, progression-free survival, and safety, which was evaluated based on the incidence of adverse events. RESULTS The median overall survival of patients treated with regorafenib was 23.8 months and the 1-year overall survival rate was 80.0%, the median progression-free survival was 7.1 months and the 1-year progression-free survival rate was 40.2%. The responses to regorafenib were partial response in 3 cases (9.1%), stable disease in 17 (51.5%), progressive disease in 10 (30.3%), and non-evaluable in 3 (9.1%). The disease control rate was 54.0%. Treatment-related adverse events were reported in all patients, with the most common being hand-foot syndrome (72.7%), followed by liver damage (36.4%) and diarrhea (27.3%), and six patients (20.0%) were discontinued due to adverse events. CONCLUSION This is the first report of Japanese patients with gastrointestinal stromal tumors treated with regorafenib. Regorafenib showed efficacy and a manageable safety profile in Japanese patients with advanced gastrointestinal stromal tumors, which was comparable with previous studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ryugo Teranishi
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2, Yamadaoka, Suita-City, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Takahashi
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2, Yamadaoka, Suita-City, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.
| | - Toshirou Nishida
- Department of Surgery, Japan Community Health Care Organization Osaka Hospital, 4-2-78, Fukushima-ku, Osaka City, Osaka, 553-0003, Japan
| | - Seiichi Hirota
- Department of Surgical Pathology, Hyogo College of Medicine, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Yukinori Kurokawa
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2, Yamadaoka, Suita-City, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Takuro Saito
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2, Yamadaoka, Suita-City, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Kazuyoshi Yamamoto
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2, Yamadaoka, Suita-City, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Kotaro Yamashita
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2, Yamadaoka, Suita-City, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Koji Tanaka
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2, Yamadaoka, Suita-City, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Tomoki Makino
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2, Yamadaoka, Suita-City, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Masaaki Motoori
- Department of Surgery, Osaka General Medical Center, 3-1-56, Bandai-Higashi, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka City, Osaka, 558-8558, Japan
| | - Takeshi Omori
- Department of Surgery, Osaka International Cancer Institute, 3-1-69, Otemae, Chuo-ku, Osaka City, Osaka, 541-8567, Japan
| | - Kiyokazu Nakajima
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2, Yamadaoka, Suita-City, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Hidetoshi Eguchi
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2, Yamadaoka, Suita-City, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yuichiro Doki
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2, Yamadaoka, Suita-City, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
van de Wal D, Elie M, Le Cesne A, Fumagalli E, den Hollander D, Jones RL, Marquina G, Steeghs N, van der Graaf WTA, Husson O. Health-Related Quality of Life and Side Effects in Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor (GIST) Patients Treated with Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors: A Systematic Review of the Literature. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14071832. [PMID: 35406604 PMCID: PMC8997462 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14071832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The introduction of tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) has revolutionized the treatment of gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs), resulting in a substantial gain in median overall survival. Subsequently, health-related quality of life (HRQoL) has become more relevant. Here, we systematically review the available literature on HRQoL issues and side effects of different TKIs registered for the treatment of GIST. METHODS A search through five databases was performed. Full reports in English describing HRQoL outcomes and/or side effects in GIST patients on TKI therapy were included. RESULTS A total of 104 papers were included; 13 studies addressed HRQoL, and 96 studies investigated adverse events. HRQoL in patients treated with imatinib, regorafenib, and ripretinib remained stable, whereas most sunitinib-treated patients reported a decrease in HRQoL. Severe fatigue and fear of recurrence or progression were specifically assessed as HRQoL issues and had a negative impact on overall HRQoL as well as psychological and physical well-being. The majority of studies focused on physician-reported side effects. Nearly all GIST patients treated with a TKI experienced at least one adverse event, mostly mild to moderate. CONCLUSIONS Despite the fact that almost all patients treated with a TKI experienced side effects, this did not seem to affect overall HRQoL during TKI therapy. In daily practice, it are the side effects that hamper a patient's HRQoL resulting in treatment adjustments, suggesting that the reported side effects were underestimated by physicians, or the measures used to assess HRQoL do not capture all relevant issues that determine a GIST patient's HRQoL.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Deborah van de Wal
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute-Antoni van Leeuwenhoek, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (D.v.d.W.); (N.S.); (W.T.A.v.d.G.)
| | - Mai Elie
- Department of Medical Oncology, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands; (M.E.); (D.d.H.)
| | - Axel Le Cesne
- Department of Medical Oncology, Gustave Roussy, 94805 Villejuif, France;
| | - Elena Fumagalli
- Department of Medical Oncology, IRCCS Foundation National Cancer Institute, 20133 Milan, Italy;
| | - Dide den Hollander
- Department of Medical Oncology, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands; (M.E.); (D.d.H.)
| | - Robin L. Jones
- Department of Clinical Oncology, The Royal Marsden Hospital and Institute of Cancer Research, London SM2 5 NG, UK;
| | - Gloria Marquina
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hospital Clinico San Carlos, 28040 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Neeltje Steeghs
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute-Antoni van Leeuwenhoek, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (D.v.d.W.); (N.S.); (W.T.A.v.d.G.)
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute-Antoni van Leeuwenhoek, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Winette T. A. van der Graaf
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute-Antoni van Leeuwenhoek, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (D.v.d.W.); (N.S.); (W.T.A.v.d.G.)
- Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Olga Husson
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute-Antoni van Leeuwenhoek, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (D.v.d.W.); (N.S.); (W.T.A.v.d.G.)
- Department of Psychosocial Research and Epidemiology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Division of Clinical Studies, Institute of Cancer Research, London SM2 5NG, UK
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +31-614-549-755
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Brinch CM, Aggerholm-Pedersen N, Hogdall E, Krarup-Hansen A. Medical Oncological Treatment for Patients with Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumour (GIST) - a Systematic Review. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2022; 172:103650. [PMID: 35283299 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2022.103650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Revised: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chemotherapy is ineffective in treating patients with Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumour (GIST). However, several types of tyrosine kinase inhibitors have been investigated since the approval of imatinib in 2001. The purpose of this report was to systematically review studies on the efficacy of neoadjuvant, adjuvant, and lifelong medical oncological treatment of GIST. METHODS The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines were followed throughout the review process. The protocol was submitted to the International prospective register of systematic reviews database (ID 251724). A systematic literature search was performed, including phase II- and III studies of biological treatment, reporting on treatment effect in patients with GIST. RESULTS Of 308 identified publications, 42 studies were included in this review. CONCLUSION This review gives an overview of the existing evidence for approved lines of oncological treatments and potential alternatives for patients with GIST in the neoadjuvant-, adjuvant- and life-long setting.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Margareta Brinch
- Department of Oncology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Borgmester Ib Juuls Vej 1, DK-2730, Herlev.
| | - Ninna Aggerholm-Pedersen
- Department of Oncology, Aarhus University Hospital, Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard 99, DK-8200, Aarhus, Denmark.
| | - Estrid Hogdall
- Department of Pathology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Borgmester Ib Juuls Vej 73, DK-2730, Herlev, Denmark.
| | - Anders Krarup-Hansen
- Department of Oncology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Borgmester Ib Juuls Vej 1, DK-2730, Herlev.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
The Use of Inhibitors of Tyrosine Kinase in Paediatric Haemato-Oncology-When and Why? Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222112089. [PMID: 34769519 PMCID: PMC8584725 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222112089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Revised: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The fundamental pathophysiology of malignancies is dysregulation of the signalling pathways. Protein tyrosine kinases (PTKs) are among the enzymes which, if mutated, play a critical role in carcinogenesis. The best-studied rearrangement, which enhances PTK activity and causes atypical proliferation, is BCR-ABL1. Abnormal expression of PTKs has proven to play a significant role in the development of various malignancies, such as chronic myelogenous leukaemia, brain tumours, neuroblastoma, and gastrointestinal stromal tumours. The use of tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) is an outstanding example of successful target therapy. TKIs have been effectively applied in the adult oncology setting, but there is a need to establish TKIs’ importance in paediatric patients. Many years of research have allowed a significant improvement in the outcome of childhood cancers. However, there are still groups of patients who have a poor prognosis, where the intensification of chemotherapy could even cause death. TKIs are designed to target specific PTKs, which lead to the limitation of severe adverse effects and increase overall survival. These advances will hopefully allow new therapeutic approaches in paediatric haemato-oncology to emerge. In this review, we present an analysis of the current data on tyrosine kinase inhibitors in childhood cancers.
Collapse
|
10
|
Wang Z, Qu Q, Cai K, Xu T. CT Image Examination Based on Virtual Reality Analysis in Clinical Diagnosis of Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors. JOURNAL OF HEALTHCARE ENGINEERING 2021; 2021:9996565. [PMID: 34221304 PMCID: PMC8225451 DOI: 10.1155/2021/9996565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2021] [Revised: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
With the advancement and development of medical equipment, CT images have become a common lung examination tool. This article mainly studies the application of CT imaging examination based on virtual reality analysis in the clinical diagnosis of gastrointestinal stromal tumors. Before extracting suspected lymph nodes from a CT image of the stomach, the CT image sequence is preprocessed first, which can reduce the cumbersomeness of subsequent extraction of suspected lymph nodes and speed up the subsequent processing. According to medical knowledge, CT images of the stomach show that lymph nodes mainly exist in the adipose tissue around the gastric wall, but there are no lymph nodes in the subcutaneous fat outside the chest. The most basic gray value in the image and the neighborhood average difference feature related to gray level are used as the primary features of visual attention detection. When extracting the neighborhood average difference feature, we use a 3 ∗ 3 sliding window method to traverse each point of the pixel matrix in the image, thereby calculating the feature value of each pixel in the image. After the feature extraction is completed, it is necessary to calibrate the data and make a training data set. The SP immunohistochemical staining method was used. The specimens were fixed with 10% formaldehyde, routinely embedded in paraffin, sectioned, and stained with HE. The tumor tissue was determined by immunohistochemistry, and the reagents were products of Maixin Company. All patients were followed up by regular outpatient review, letters, and visits or phone calls. The data showed that immunohistochemical tumor cells showed positive staining for CD117 (14/15, 93.3%) and CD34 (10/15, 66.7%). The results show that the application of virtual reality technology to CT imaging examination can significantly improve the diagnostic accuracy of gastrointestinal stromal tumors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhiying Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, West District of Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao 266000, Shandong, China
| | - Qiaoyan Qu
- Department of Gastroenterology, West District of Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao 266000, Shandong, China
| | - Ke Cai
- Internal Medicine, Songshan Hospital of Medical College of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266000, Shandong, China
| | - Ting Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, West District of Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao 266000, Shandong, China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Keretsu S, Ghosh S, Cho SJ. Molecular Modeling Study of c-KIT/PDGFRα Dual Inhibitors for the Treatment of Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21218232. [PMID: 33153146 PMCID: PMC7662224 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21218232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Revised: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) are the most common Mesenchymal Neoplasm of the gastrointestinal tract. The tumorigenesis of GISTs has been associated with the gain-of-function mutation and abnormal activation of the stem cell factor receptor (c-KIT) and platelet-derived growth factor receptor alpha (PDGFRα) kinases. Hence, inhibitors that target c-KIT and PDGFRα could be a therapeutic option for the treatment of GISTs. The available approved c-KIT/PDGFRα inhibitors possessed low efficacy with off-target effects, which necessitated the development of potent inhibitors. We performed computational studies of 48 pyrazolopyridine derivatives that showed inhibitory activity against c-KIT and PDGFRα to study the structural properties important for inhibition of both the kinases. The derivative of phenylurea, which has high activities for both c-KIT (pIC50 = 8.6) and PDGFRα (pIC50 = 8.1), was used as the representative compound for the dataset. Molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulation (100 ns) of compound 14 was performed. Compound 14 showed the formation of hydrogen bonding with Cys673, Glu640, and Asp810 in c-KIT, and Cys677, Glu644, and Asp836 in PDGFRα. The results also suggested that Thr670/T674 substitution in c-KIT/PDGFRα induced conformational changes at the binding site of the receptors. Three-dimensional quantitative structure-activity relationship (3D-QSAR) models were developed based on the inhibitors. Contour map analysis showed that electropositive and bulky substituents at the para-position and the meta-position of the benzyl ring of compound 14 was favorable and may increase the inhibitory activity against both c-KIT and PDGFRα. Analysis of the results suggested that having bulky and hydrophobic substituents that extend into the hydrophobic pocket of the binding site increases the activity for both c-KIT and PDGFRα. Based on the contour map analysis, 50 compounds were designed, and the activities were predicted. An evaluation of binding free energy showed that eight of the designed compounds have potential binding affinity with c-KIT/PDGFRα. Absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion and toxicity (ADMET) and synthetic feasibility tests showed that the designed compounds have reasonable pharmaceutical properties and synthetic feasibility. Further experimental study of the designed compounds is recommended. The structural information from this study could provide useful insight into the future development of c-KIT and PDGFRα inhibitors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Seketoulie Keretsu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chosun University, Gwangju 501-759, Korea; (S.K.); (S.G.)
| | - Suparna Ghosh
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chosun University, Gwangju 501-759, Korea; (S.K.); (S.G.)
| | - Seung Joo Cho
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chosun University, Gwangju 501-759, Korea; (S.K.); (S.G.)
- Department of Cellular Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, Chosun University, Gwangju 501-759, Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-62-230-7482 or +82-11-479-1010
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Hu CH, Yeh CN, Chen JS, Tsai CY, Wang SY, Cheng CT, Yeh TS. Regorafenib treatment outcome for Taiwanese patients with metastatic gastrointestinal stromal tumors after failure of imatinib and sunitinib: A prospective, non-randomized, single-center study. Oncol Lett 2020; 20:2131-2142. [PMID: 32782530 PMCID: PMC7400021 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2020.11756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to conduct a prognosis analysis of Taiwanese patients with metastatic gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs), who are resistant to or were unable to tolerate imatinib or sunitinib, and were subsequently treated with regorafenib. The study considered the survival, potential prognostic factors and safety of these Taiwanese patients. A total of 28 patients with pre-treated metastatic GIST, receiving regorafenib treatment, were analyzed between April 2014 and December 2017. Data were collected prospectively, and patients were followed up for a median of 14.8 months. It was reported that 50% (10/20) of male patients and 50% (4/8) of female patients demonstrated response and clinical benefit to regorafenib. The median progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) time in all patients receiving regorafenib were 4.4 and 29.3 months, respectively. Good performance status and disease control mediated by regorafenib were independently associated with a more favorable PFS time. Good performance status, higher pre-treated albumin level, lower neutrophil:lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and lower platelet:lymphocyte ratio (PLR) were independent favorable predictors of OS time. Overall, poor performance status and poor disease control predicted a less favorable PFS time in Taiwanese patients with GISTs, who were pre-treated with regorafenib. Meanwhile poor performance status, high NLR, PLR and low albumin level predicted a less favorable OS time.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Hsiang Hu
- Department of Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, Kwei-Shan, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Nan Yeh
- Department of Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, Kwei-Shan, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Jen-Shi Chen
- Department of Medical Oncology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, Kwei-Shan, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Yi Tsai
- Department of Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, Kwei-Shan, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Shang-Yu Wang
- Department of Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, Kwei-Shan, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Tung Cheng
- Department of Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, Kwei-Shan, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Ta-Sen Yeh
- Department of Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, Kwei-Shan, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
BrintzenhofeSzoc K, Krok-Schoen JL, Canin B, Parker I, MacKenzie AR, Koll T, Vankina R, Hsu CD, Jang B, Pan K, Lund JL, Starbuck E, Shahrokni A. The underreporting of phase III chemo-therapeutic clinical trial data of older patients with cancer: A systematic review. J Geriatr Oncol 2020; 11:369-379. [PMID: 31932259 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgo.2019.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Revised: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Inspired by the American Society of Clinical Oncology's recommendations to strengthen the evidence base for older adults with cancer, the purpose of this systematic review is to identify the reporting of treatment efficacy and adverse events specific to older adults with cancer in Phase III chemo-therapeutic clinical trials. This review also investigates the frequency with which these data points were reported in the literature to identify gaps in reporting and opportunities to expand the knowledge base on clinical outcomes for older adults with cancer. METHODS Chemo-therapeutic clinical trial data published from July 1, 2016 to June 30, 2017 was reviewed. Manuscripts (n = 929) were identified based on keyword searches of EMBASE and PubMed. After removal of duplicates (n = 116) and articles that did not meet this study's inclusion criteria (n = 654), 159 articles were identified for review. RESULTS Reviewed papers were published in 36 different scientific journals and included twenty-five different cancer types. Of the 159 articles, 117 (73.6%) reported age-specific medians and 75 (47.2%) included stratifications of data by age. Treatment efficacy was reported in 96.2% of the articles with 39.9% reporting effectiveness of treatment by age. Reporting of adverse events was included in 84.9% of the articles with only 8.9% reporting these events stratified by age. CONCLUSION Results suggest inadequate reporting of treatment efficacy and adverse events as well as basic descriptive statistics about the age distribution of study subjects. Conscious efforts are needed to address these deficiencies at every level of planning and conducting clinical trials as wells as reporting outcomes stratified by age. Ultimately, standardized reporting could lead to improved treatment decisions and outcomes for older adults with cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Thuy Koll
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, USA
| | | | | | - Brian Jang
- Tulane University School of Medicine, USA
| | | | | | - Edith Starbuck
- University of Cincinnati Libraries, University of Cincinnati, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Xie G, Gong Y, Wu S, Li C, Yu S, Wang Z, Chen J, Zhao Q, Li J, Liang H. Meta-Analysis of Regorafenib-Associated Adverse Events and Their Management in Colorectal and Gastrointestinal Stromal Cancers. Adv Ther 2019; 36:1986-1998. [PMID: 31209700 DOI: 10.1007/s12325-019-01013-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION To assess the risk factors associated with regorafenib-related adverse events (AEs) in metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) and gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST). We also evaluated different measures of combatting AEs and their success rate to aid physicians in early identification and management of reported AEs. METHODS A literature search was conducted through the electronic databases PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials up to May 2018 according to the pre-specified inclusion and exclusion criteria. Pooled estimates with Pearson correlation were obtained with fixed or random-effects models. RESULTS From our analysis, it was evident that AEs were more common in patients aged less than 65 years compared to those aged at least 65 years (71.3% vs. 27.6%, p = 0.001). A statistically significant correlation was observed between the occurrence of AEs and a dose of 160 mg (r = 0.967; p = 0.001) while no significant correlation was found at 120 mg and 80 mg. The common measures used to manage AEs included lowering the regorafenib dose (41%), intermittent drug withdrawal (66.7%), and complete drug withdrawal (19%). About 57% of patients recovered from AE after their initiating dose was lowered. CONCLUSION Regorafenib-associated AEs are more common at an initiating dose of 160 mg. Considering that the efficacy depends on the dosage, 120 mg might be a better choice for mCRC and GIST patients; further studies are needed to validate the results of our analysis. Further prompt identification and management of AEs are required to help the patients continue with drug therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ganfeng Xie
- Department of Oncology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Yuzhu Gong
- Department of Oncology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Shuang Wu
- Department of Oncology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Chong Li
- Department of Oncology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Songtao Yu
- Department of Oncology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Zhe Wang
- Department of Oncology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Jianfang Chen
- Department of Oncology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Quanfeng Zhao
- Department of Pharmacy, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Jianjun Li
- Department of Oncology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Houjie Liang
- Department of Oncology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Kim JJ, Ryu MH, Yoo C, Beck MY, Ma JE, Kang YK. Phase II Trial of Continuous Regorafenib Dosing in Patients with Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors After Failure of Imatinib and Sunitinib. Oncologist 2019; 24:e1212-e1218. [PMID: 31036770 DOI: 10.1634/theoncologist.2019-0033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2019] [Accepted: 04/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Regorafenib at the standard intermittent dosing schedule proved effective in the GRID trial for refractory gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs). However, this dosing schedule requires frequent dose reduction, and the progression of GISTs or tumor-related symptoms during the off-treatment period has also been noted in some patients. Therefore, we conducted this phase II trial to evaluate the efficacy and safety of regorafenib at a lower dose on a continuous dosing schedule. METHODS Patients with measurable, metastatic, or recurrent GISTs who failed to respond to both imatinib and sunitinib were eligible for this study. Regorafenib 100 mg p.o. daily was administered continuously. The primary endpoint was disease control rate (DCR: complete response plus partial response [PR] plus stable disease [SD]) lasting for at least 12 weeks using RECIST version 1.1. RESULTS The best response was PR in 2 (8%), SD in 16 (64%), and progressive disease in 6 (24%) patients. DCR lasting for at least 12 weeks was 64% (16 of 25). The median progression-free survival was 7.3 months (95% confidence interval, 5.9-8.6), and the 1-year survival rate was 64.5%. Ten patients (40%) experienced grade 3-4 toxicities, including hand-foot skin reaction (n = 4, 16%) and elevation of alanine aminotransferase (n = 2, 8%). Only six patients (24%) needed dose modification with a relative dose intensity of 95.0% for eight cycles in all patients. CONCLUSION Regorafenib at a lower dose on a continuous schedule might be an alternative treatment in patients with GISTs after failure of imatinib and sunitinib. Clinical trial identification number. NCT02889328 IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE: Regorafenib at the standard intermittent dosing schedule proved effective in the GRID trial for refractory gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs). However, this dosing schedule requires frequent dose reduction, and the progression of GISTs or tumor-related symptoms during the off-treatment period has been noted in some patients. This study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of regorafenib at a lower dose on a continuous dosing schedule. With good efficacy and acceptable safety profiles, regorafenib at a lower, continuously administered dose might be an alternative treatment in patients with GISTs after imatinib and sunitinib. Rechallenge of regorafenib may slow the disease progression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Joon Kim
- Department of Oncology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Min-Hee Ryu
- Department of Oncology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Changhoon Yoo
- Department of Oncology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Mo Youl Beck
- Department of Oncology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jung Eun Ma
- Department of Oncology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yoon-Koo Kang
- Department of Oncology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Yeh CN. Response letter on Micromanagement of drug-resistant advanced gastrointestinal stromal tumors: regorafenib-new ammunition in battling exon 17 mutations. Transl Gastroenterol Hepatol 2018; 3:33. [PMID: 30050993 DOI: 10.21037/tgh.2018.06.03] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2018] [Accepted: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Nan Yeh
- Department of Surgery, GIST team, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Abstract
Sarcomas encompass a group of rare solid tumors responsible for approximately 1% of all cancer-related deaths in the United States each year. Subtypes include, but are not limited to, soft tissue sarcomas (STS) such as leiomyosarcoma, liposarcoma, pleomorphic sarcoma, and gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST). Treatment options for patients with STS vary depending on, among other factors, histological subtype. Data from a mix of phase 2 and phase 3 trials have suggested that the orally available multikinase inhibitor regorafenib may have efficacy in patients with STS who have progressed on previous lines of systemic therapy. Some clinical benefit of regorafenib has been shown in patients with leiomyosarcoma, synovial sarcoma, GIST, Ewing's sarcoma, and other sarcoma subtypes, suggesting a broad spectrum of potential activity in this population. Studies have also shown that the safety profile of regorafenib is acceptable in these patients, with adverse events that can be managed through dose reductions and/or interruptions as well as other supportive measures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mark Agulnik
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, NMH/Arkes Family Pavilion Suite 850, 676 N Saint Clair, Chicago, IL, USA.
| | - Steven Attia
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Mayo Clinic in Florida, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Eckardt AJ, Klein O. Micromanagement of drug-resistant advanced gastrointestinal stromal tumors: regorafenib-new ammunition in battling exon 17 mutations. Transl Gastroenterol Hepatol 2018; 3:12. [PMID: 29552663 DOI: 10.21037/tgh.2018.02.01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2018] [Accepted: 01/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander J Eckardt
- Department of Gastroenterology, DKD Helios Klinik Wiesbaden, Wiesbaden, Germany
| | - Ortwin Klein
- Office of Hematology and Oncology, DKD Helios Klinik Wiesbaden, Wiesbaden, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Incidence and risk of hematologic toxicities in cancer patients treated with regorafenib. Oncotarget 2017; 8:93813-93824. [PMID: 29212191 PMCID: PMC5706837 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.21217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2017] [Accepted: 08/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Regorafenib, an oral vascular endothelial growth factor receptor tyrosine-kinase inhibitor, has been approved for the treatment of several malignancies. As a non-traditional cytotoxic chemotherapeutic agent, regorafenib is often associated with hematologic toxicities. Here we searched PubMed and Embase up to June 2017 for relevant clinical trials. Eligible studies include trials in which subjects treated with 160 mg of regorafenib daily during the first 21 days of each 28-day cycle, and adequate safety data profile reporting thrombocytopenia, anemia, neutropenia and leucopenia. Statistical analyses were conducted to calculate the overall incidences, relative risks (RRs) and their 95% confidence intervals (CIs). A total of 2,341 subjects from 16 trials were included in the present studies. The incidences of regorafenib associated all-grade and high-grade hematologic toxicities were: thrombocytopenia, 22% and 3%; anemia, 20% and 3%; neutropenia, 10% and 2%, and leucopenia, 13% and 2%, respectively. Regorafenib-treated subjects had a significant increased risk of all-grade (RR=6.35; 95% CI, 3.19-12.64) and high-grade (RR=6.27; 95% CI, 1.69-23.26) thrombocytopenia, all-grade (RR=2.76; 95% CI, 1.63-4.68) and high-grade (RR=5.38; 95% CI, 1.60-18.06) anemia. Our results suggested that regorafenib therapy was associated with significantly increased risks of hematological toxicities, and hematologic monitoring at regular intervals should be advised to clinician.
Collapse
|
20
|
Treatment patterns, efficacy and toxicity of regorafenib in gastrointestinal stromal tumour patients. Sci Rep 2017; 7:9519. [PMID: 28842575 PMCID: PMC5573380 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-09132-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2017] [Accepted: 07/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Regorafenib was approved as third-line therapy for advanced Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumour (GIST) at a starting dose of 160 mg daily 3 weeks on, 1 week off, based on improvement in progression free survival over placebo (4.8 vs. 0.9 months), but the response rate was low at 4.5%. Given the high toxicity rate in GIST patients, there is variability in the post-marketing dosing of regorafenib. We aimed to summarize our experience regarding prescribing patterns, efficacy and toxicity of regorafenib and determine the role of response assessment by Choi criteria in GIST patients. We included 28 patients who received regorafenib from our pharmacy. Baseline patient characteristics and treatment outcomes were recorded and an independent radiologist assessed response using Choi and RECIST. Seventy-nine percent of patients started at a 120 mg continuous daily dosing schedule, different from the standard intermittent dosing schedule. Grade 3/4 adverse events were experienced by 43% of patients. Median progression-free survival was 8.7 months. Continuous dosing with regorafenib at 120 mg daily is the preferred prescribing pattern and appears to be better tolerated and with comparable efficacy to the current standard dose. Similar to imatinib, the partial response rate for regorafenib by Choi (29%) was higher compared to RECIST (4%).
Collapse
|
21
|
Galun D, Srdic-Rajic T, Bogdanovic A, Loncar Z, Zuvela M. Targeted therapy and personalized medicine in hepatocellular carcinoma: drug resistance, mechanisms, and treatment strategies. J Hepatocell Carcinoma 2017; 4:93-103. [PMID: 28744453 PMCID: PMC5513853 DOI: 10.2147/jhc.s106529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is characterized by a growing number of new cases diagnosed each year that is nearly equal to the number of deaths from this cancer. In a majority of the cases, HCC is associated with the underlying chronic liver disease, and it is diagnosed in advanced stage of disease when curative treatment options are not applicable. Sorafenib is a treatment of choice for patients with performance status 1 or 2 and/or macrovascular invasion or extrahepatic spread, and regorafenib is the only systemic treatment found to provide survival benefit in HCC patients progressing on sorafenib treatment. Other drugs tested in different trials failed to demonstrate any benefit. Disappointing results of numerous trials testing the efficacy of various drugs indicate that HCC has low sensitivity to chemotherapy that is in great part caused by multidrug resistance. Immunotherapy for HCC is a new challenging treatment option and involves immune checkpoint inhibitors/antibody-based therapy and peptide-based vaccines. Another challenging approach is microRNA-based therapy that involves two strategies. The first aims to inhibit oncogenic miRNAs by using miRNA antagonists and the second strategy is miRNA replacement, which involves the reintroduction of a tumor-suppressor miRNA mimetic to restore a loss of function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Danijel Galun
- Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Unit, University Clinic for Digestive Surgery, Clinical Center of Serbia
- Medical School, University of Belgrade
| | - Tatjana Srdic-Rajic
- Institute for Oncology and Radiology of Serbia/Unit for Experimental Oncology
| | - Aleksandar Bogdanovic
- Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Unit, University Clinic for Digestive Surgery, Clinical Center of Serbia
| | - Zlatibor Loncar
- Medical School, University of Belgrade
- Emergency Center, Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Marinko Zuvela
- Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Unit, University Clinic for Digestive Surgery, Clinical Center of Serbia
- Medical School, University of Belgrade
| |
Collapse
|