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Chaudhary M, Kumar S, Kaur P, Sahu SK, Mittal A. Comprehensive Review on Recent Strategies for Management of Prostate Cancer: Therapeutic Targets and SAR. Mini Rev Med Chem 2024; 24:721-747. [PMID: 37694781 DOI: 10.2174/1389557523666230911141339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 07/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
Prostate cancer is a disease that is affecting a large population worldwide. Androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) has become a foundation for the treatment of advanced prostate cancer, as used in most clinical settings from neo-adjuvant to metastatic stage. In spite of the success of ADT in managing the disease in the majority of men, hormonal manipulation fails eventually. New molecules are developed for patients with various hormone-refractory diseases. Advancements in molecular oncology have increased understanding of numerous cellular mechanisms which control cell death in the prostate and these insights can lead to the development of more efficacious and tolerable therapies for carcinoma of the prostate. This review is focused on numerous therapies that might be a boon for prostate therapy like signaling inhibitors, vaccines, and inhibitors of androgen receptors. Along with these, various bioactive molecules and their derivatives are highlighted, which act as potential antiprostate cancer agents. This article also emphasized the recent advances in the field of medicinal chemistry of prostate cancer agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manish Chaudhary
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Jalandhar-Delhi G.T. Road, Phagwara, Punjab, 144001, India
| | - Shubham Kumar
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Jalandhar-Delhi G.T. Road, Phagwara, Punjab, 144001, India
| | - Paranjeet Kaur
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
| | - Sanjeev Kumar Sahu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Jalandhar-Delhi G.T. Road, Phagwara, Punjab, 144001, India
| | - Amit Mittal
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Desh Bhagat University, Amloh Road, Mandi Gobindgarh, Punjab, 147301, India
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2
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Rezaei S, Jafari Najaf Abadi MH, Bazyari MJ, Jalili A, Kazemi Oskuee R, Aghaee-Bakhtiari SH. Dysregulated microRNAs in prostate cancer: In silico prediction and in vitro validation. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF BASIC MEDICAL SCIENCES 2024; 27:611-620. [PMID: 38629091 PMCID: PMC11017842 DOI: 10.22038/ijbms.2024.75164.16299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
Objectives MicroRNAs, which are micro-coordinators of gene expression, have been recently investigated as a potential treatment for cancer. The study used computational techniques to identify microRNAs that could target a set of genes simultaneously. Due to their multi-target-directed nature, microRNAs have the potential to impact multiple key pathways and their pathogenic cross-talk. Materials and Methods We identified microRNAs that target a prostate cancer-associated gene set using integrated bioinformatics analyses and experimental validation. The candidate gene set included genes targeted by clinically approved prostate cancer medications. We used STRING, GO, and KEGG web tools to confirm gene-gene interactions and their clinical significance. Then, we employed integrated predicted and validated bioinformatics approaches to retrieve hsa-miR-124-3p, 16-5p, and 27a-3p as the top three relevant microRNAs. KEGG and DIANA-miRPath showed the related pathways for the candidate genes and microRNAs. Results The Real-time PCR results showed that miR-16-5p simultaneously down-regulated all genes significantly except for PIK3CA/CB in LNCaP; miR-27a-3p simultaneously down-regulated all genes significantly, excluding MET in LNCaP and PIK3CA in PC-3; and miR-124-3p could not down-regulate significantly PIK3CB, MET, and FGFR4 in LNCaP and FGFR4 in PC-3. Finally, we used a cell cycle assay to show significant G0/G1 arrest by transfecting miR-124-3p in LNCaP and miR-16-5p in both cell lines. Conclusion Our findings suggest that this novel approach may have therapeutic benefits and these predicted microRNAs could effectively target the candidate genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samaneh Rezaei
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Nanotechnology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | | | - Mohammad Javad Bazyari
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Nanotechnology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Amin Jalili
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Nanotechnology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Reza Kazemi Oskuee
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Nanotechnology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Seyed Hamid Aghaee-Bakhtiari
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Nanotechnology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Bioinformatics Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Science, Mashhad, Iran
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Liu Q, Huang J, Yan W, Liu Z, Liu S, Fang W. FGFR families: biological functions and therapeutic interventions in tumors. MedComm (Beijing) 2023; 4:e367. [PMID: 37750089 PMCID: PMC10518040 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023] Open
Abstract
There are five fibroblast growth factor receptors (FGFRs), namely, FGFR1-FGFR5. When FGFR binds to its ligand, namely, fibroblast growth factor (FGF), it dimerizes and autophosphorylates, thereby activating several key downstream pathways that play an important role in normal physiology, such as the Ras/Raf/mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase/extracellular signal-regulated kinase, phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT, phospholipase C gamma/diacylglycerol/protein kinase c, and signal transducer and activator of transcription pathways. Furthermore, as an oncogene, FGFR genetic alterations were found in 7.1% of tumors, and these alterations include gene amplification, gene mutations, gene fusions or rearrangements. Therefore, FGFR amplification, mutations, rearrangements, or fusions are considered as potential biomarkers of FGFR therapeutic response for tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs). However, it is worth noting that with increased use, resistance to TKIs inevitably develops, such as the well-known gatekeeper mutations. Thus, overcoming the development of drug resistance becomes a serious problem. This review mainly outlines the FGFR family functions, related pathways, and therapeutic agents in tumors with the aim of obtaining better outcomes for cancer patients with FGFR changes. The information provided in this review may provide additional therapeutic ideas for tumor patients with FGFR abnormalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Liu
- Cancer CenterIntegrated Hospital of Traditional Chinese MedicineSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhouGuangdongChina
| | - Jiyu Huang
- Cancer CenterIntegrated Hospital of Traditional Chinese MedicineSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhouGuangdongChina
| | - Weiwei Yan
- Cancer CenterIntegrated Hospital of Traditional Chinese MedicineSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhouGuangdongChina
| | - Zhen Liu
- Cancer CenterIntegrated Hospital of Traditional Chinese MedicineSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhouGuangdongChina
- Key Laboratory of Protein Modification and DegradationBasic School of Guangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhouGuangdongChina
| | - Shu Liu
- Department of Breast SurgeryThe Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical UniversityGuiyangGuizhouChina
| | - Weiyi Fang
- Cancer CenterIntegrated Hospital of Traditional Chinese MedicineSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhouGuangdongChina
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Ardizzone A, Bova V, Casili G, Repici A, Lanza M, Giuffrida R, Colarossi C, Mare M, Cuzzocrea S, Esposito E, Paterniti I. Role of Basic Fibroblast Growth Factor in Cancer: Biological Activity, Targeted Therapies, and Prognostic Value. Cells 2023; 12:cells12071002. [PMID: 37048074 PMCID: PMC10093572 DOI: 10.3390/cells12071002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer is the leading cause of death worldwide; thus, it is necessary to find successful strategies. Several growth factors, such as vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF, FGF2), and transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β), are involved in the main processes that fuel tumor growth, i.e., cell proliferation, angiogenesis, and metastasis, by activating important signaling pathways, including PLC-γ/PI3/Ca2+ signaling, leading to PKC activation. Here, we focused on bFGF, which, when secreted by tumor cells, mediates several signal transductions and plays an influential role in tumor cells and in the development of chemoresistance. The biological mechanism of bFGF is shown by its interaction with its four receptor subtypes: fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) 1, FGFR2, FGFR3, and FGFR4. The bFGF–FGFR interaction stimulates tumor cell proliferation and invasion, resulting in an upregulation of pro-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic tumor cell proteins. Considering the involvement of the bFGF/FGFR axis in oncogenesis, preclinical and clinical studies have been conducted to develop new therapeutic strategies, alone and/or in combination, aimed at intervening on the bFGF/FGFR axis. Therefore, this review aimed to comprehensively examine the biological mechanisms underlying bFGF in the tumor microenvironment, the different anticancer therapies currently available that target the FGFRs, and the prognostic value of bFGF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessio Ardizzone
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno d’Alcontres, 98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Valentina Bova
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno d’Alcontres, 98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Giovanna Casili
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno d’Alcontres, 98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Alberto Repici
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno d’Alcontres, 98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Marika Lanza
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno d’Alcontres, 98166 Messina, Italy
| | | | - Cristina Colarossi
- Istituto Oncologico del Mediterraneo, Via Penninazzo 7, 95029 Viagrande, Italy
| | - Marzia Mare
- Istituto Oncologico del Mediterraneo, Via Penninazzo 7, 95029 Viagrande, Italy
| | - Salvatore Cuzzocrea
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno d’Alcontres, 98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Emanuela Esposito
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno d’Alcontres, 98166 Messina, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-090-6765208
| | - Irene Paterniti
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno d’Alcontres, 98166 Messina, Italy
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Concept of Hybrid Drugs and Recent Advancements in Anticancer Hybrids. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15091071. [PMID: 36145292 PMCID: PMC9500727 DOI: 10.3390/ph15091071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2022] [Revised: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a complex disease, and its treatment is a big challenge, with variable efficacy of conventional anticancer drugs. A two-drug cocktail hybrid approach is a potential strategy in recent drug discovery that involves the combination of two drug pharmacophores into a single molecule. The hybrid molecule acts through distinct modes of action on several targets at a given time with more efficacy and less susceptibility to resistance. Thus, there is a huge scope for using hybrid compounds to tackle the present difficulties in cancer medicine. Recent work has applied this technique to uncover some interesting molecules with substantial anticancer properties. In this study, we report data on numerous promising hybrid anti-proliferative/anti-tumor agents developed over the previous 10 years (2011–2021). It includes quinazoline, indole, carbazole, pyrimidine, quinoline, quinone, imidazole, selenium, platinum, hydroxamic acid, ferrocene, curcumin, triazole, benzimidazole, isatin, pyrrolo benzodiazepine (PBD), chalcone, coumarin, nitrogen mustard, pyrazole, and pyridine-based anticancer hybrids produced via molecular hybridization techniques. Overall, this review offers a clear indication of the potential benefits of merging pharmacophoric subunits from multiple different known chemical prototypes to produce more potent and precise hybrid compounds. This provides valuable knowledge for researchers working on complex diseases such as cancer.
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He Y, Xu W, Xiao YT, Huang H, Gu D, Ren S. Targeting signaling pathways in prostate cancer: mechanisms and clinical trials. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2022; 7:198. [PMID: 35750683 PMCID: PMC9232569 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-022-01042-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2022] [Revised: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) affects millions of men globally. Due to advances in understanding genomic landscapes and biological functions, the treatment of PCa continues to improve. Recently, various new classes of agents, which include next-generation androgen receptor (AR) signaling inhibitors (abiraterone, enzalutamide, apalutamide, and darolutamide), bone-targeting agents (radium-223 chloride, zoledronic acid), and poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors (olaparib, rucaparib, and talazoparib) have been developed to treat PCa. Agents targeting other signaling pathways, including cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK)4/6, Ak strain transforming (AKT), wingless-type protein (WNT), and epigenetic marks, have successively entered clinical trials. Furthermore, prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) targeting agents such as 177Lu-PSMA-617 are promising theranostics that could improve both diagnostic accuracy and therapeutic efficacy. Advanced clinical studies with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have shown limited benefits in PCa, whereas subgroups of PCa with mismatch repair (MMR) or CDK12 inactivation may benefit from ICIs treatment. In this review, we summarized the targeted agents of PCa in clinical trials and their underlying mechanisms, and further discussed their limitations and future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yundong He
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Weidong Xu
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu-Tian Xiao
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Shanghai, China.,Department of Urology, Shanghai Changhai Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Haojie Huang
- Department of Urology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Di Gu
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
| | - Shancheng Ren
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Shanghai, China.
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Sena LA, Brennen WN, Isaacs JT. There are gremlins in prostate cancer. NATURE CANCER 2022; 3:530-531. [PMID: 35624340 PMCID: PMC9202482 DOI: 10.1038/s43018-022-00381-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The lethality of prostate cancer (PCa) is driven by its progression to a castration-resistant state. A new study identifies Gremlin 1 (GREM1) as an agonist of fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 (FGFR1) that drives such progression when androgen receptor (AR) signaling is low. This nominates GREM1 as a novel target for metastatic castration-resistant PCa with low AR activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura A Sena
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center (SKCCC), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - W Nathaniel Brennen
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center (SKCCC), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
- Department of Urology, James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - John T Isaacs
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center (SKCCC), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
- Department of Urology, James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Whiting School of Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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Phase 2 Study of Neoadjuvant FGFR Inhibition and Androgen Deprivation Therapy Prior to Prostatectomy. Clin Genitourin Cancer 2022; 20:452-458. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clgc.2022.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Revised: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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9
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Tewari D, Priya A, Bishayee A, Bishayee A. Targeting transforming growth factor-β signalling for cancer prevention and intervention: Recent advances in developing small molecules of natural origin. Clin Transl Med 2022; 12:e795. [PMID: 35384373 PMCID: PMC8982327 DOI: 10.1002/ctm2.795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2021] [Revised: 03/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cancer is the world's second leading cause of death, but a significant advancement in cancer treatment has been achieved within the last few decades. However, major adverse effects and drug resistance associated with standard chemotherapy have led towards targeted treatment options. Objectives Transforming growth factor‐β (TGF‐β) signaling plays a key role in cell proliferation, differentiation, morphogenesis, regeneration, and tissue homeostasis. The prime objective of this review is to decipher the role of TGF‐β in oncogenesis and to evaluate the potential of various natural and synthetic agents to target this dysregulated pathway to confer cancer preventive and anticancer therapeutic effects. Methods Various authentic and scholarly databases were explored to search and obtain primary literature for this study. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analysis (PRISMA) criteria was followed for the review. Results Here we provide a comprehensive and critical review of recent advances on our understanding of the effect of various bioactive natural molecules on the TGF‐β signaling pathway to evaluate their full potential for cancer prevention and therapy. Conclusion Based on emerging evidence as presented in this work, TGF‐β‐targeting bioactive compounds from natural sources can serve as potential therapeutic agents for prevention and treatment of various human malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devesh Tewari
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, India
| | - Anu Priya
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, India
| | | | - Anupam Bishayee
- College of Osteopathic Medicine, Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine, Bradenton, Florida, USA
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Klose K, Packeiser EM, Granados-Soler JL, Hewicker-Trautwein M, Murua Escobar H, Nolte I. Evaluation of the therapeutic potential of masitinib and expression of its specific targets c-Kit, PDGFR-α, PDGFR-β, and Lyn in canine prostate cancer cell lines. Vet Comp Oncol 2022; 20:641-652. [PMID: 35384248 DOI: 10.1111/vco.12817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2021] [Revised: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Canine prostate cancer is classified into adenocarcinoma, transitional cell carcinoma with prostatic involvement, and mixed forms. Early metastatic spread leads to poor prognosis and limited treatment options. Masitinib is approved for the treatment of canine mast cell tumours and inhibits tyrosine kinase c-Kit, tyrosine-protein kinase Lyn (Lyn), and platelet-derived growth factor receptors alpha and beta (PDGFR-α, PDGFR-β), which are known to be expressed in canine prostate cancer. The aim of this study was to evaluate masitinib in an in vitro model consisting of cell lines from primary prostate adenocarcinoma, the associated lymph node metastasis of the same patient, and transitional cell carcinoma. To assess the suitability of the model system, the targets of masitinib were investigated by immunocytochemistry in the cell lines and by immunohistochemistry in the respective formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) original neoplastic tissue. After exposure to masitinib, cell viability, cell count, apoptosis induction, and protein expression of c-Kit, Lyn, PDGFR-α, and PDGFR-β were assessed. To hedge the efficacy, two application protocols of masitinib (single application or 12-h double-dose regimen) were compared. Immunocytochemical and immunohistochemical analysis revealed increased Lyn, PDGFR-α, and PDGFR-β expression in cell lines and FFPE original neoplastic tissue compared to healthy prostate tissue. Masitinib exposure increased apoptosis, while the cell counts and cell viability decreased in a dose- and application interval-dependent manner, with increased impact in the 12-h double-dose regimen. These in vitro effects of masitinib in canine prostate cancer and associated metastasis support further in vivo research and modifications of the clinical treatment protocol in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Klose
- Small Animal Clinic, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Hannover, Germany
| | - Eva-Maria Packeiser
- Small Animal Clinic, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Hannover, Germany
| | | | | | - Hugo Murua Escobar
- Division of Medicine Clinic III, Hematology, Oncology and Palliative Medicine, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Ingo Nolte
- Small Animal Clinic, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Hannover, Germany
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Woei‐A‐Jin FSH, Weijl NI, Burgmans MC, Fariña Sarasqueta A, van Wezel JT, Wasser MN, Coenraad MJ, Burggraaf J, Osanto S. Neoadjuvant Treatment with Angiogenesis-Inhibitor Dovitinib Prior to Local Therapy in Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Phase II Study. Oncologist 2021; 26:854-864. [PMID: 34251745 PMCID: PMC8488766 DOI: 10.1002/onco.13901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) recurrence rates following locoregional treatment are high. As multireceptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors targeting vascular endothelial growth factor receptors (VEGFRs) are effective in advanced HCC, we assessed the efficacy and safety of neoadjuvant systemic treatment with dovitinib in early- and intermediate-stage HCC. MATERIALS AND METHODS Twenty-four patients with modified Child-Pugh class A early- and intermediate-stage HCC received neoadjuvant oral dovitinib 500 mg daily (5 days on/2 days off) for 4 weeks, followed by locoregional therapy. Primary endpoints were objective response rates and intratumoral blood flow changes. Secondary endpoints were safety, pharmacodynamical plasma markers of VEGFR-blockade, time to progression (TTP), and overall survival (OS). RESULTS Modified RECIST overall response rate was 48%, including 13% complete remission, and despite dose reduction/interruption in 83% of patients, intratumoral perfusion index decreased significantly. Grade 3-4 adverse events, most frequently (on-target) hypertension (54%), fatigue (25%), and thrombocytopenia (21%), occurred in 88% of patients. Plasma VEGF-A, VEGF-D, and placental growth factor increased significantly, whereas sTie-2 decreased, consistent with VEGFR-blockade. Following neoadjuvant dovitinib, all patients could proceed to their original planned locoregional treatment. No delayed toxicity occurred. Seven patients (three early, four intermediate stage) underwent orthotopic liver transplant after median 11.4 months. Censoring at transplantation, median TTP and OS were 16.8 and 34.8 months respectively; median cancer-specific survival was not reached. CONCLUSION Already after a short 4-week dovitinib treatment period, intratumoral blood flow reduction and modest antitumor responses were observed. Although these results support use of systemic neoadjuvant strategies, the poor tolerability indicates that dovitinib dose adaptations are required in HCC. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE Orthotopic liver transplantation may cure early and intermediate-stage hepatocellular carcinoma. Considering the expected waiting time >6 months because of donor liver scarcity, there is an unmet need for effective neoadjuvant downsizing strategies. Angiogenesis inhibition by dovitinib does not negatively affect subsequent invasive procedures, is safe to administer immediately before locoregional therapy, and may provide a novel treatment approach to improve patient outcomes if tolerability in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma can be improved by therapeutic drug monitoring and personalized dosing.
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Affiliation(s)
- F.J. Sherida H. Woei‐A‐Jin
- Department of Medical Oncology, Leiden University Medical CenterLeiden,Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical CenterLeiden
| | - Nir I. Weijl
- Department of Medical Oncology, Leiden University Medical CenterLeiden
| | - Mark C. Burgmans
- Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical CenterLeidenThe Netherlands
| | | | - J. Tom van Wezel
- Department of Pathology, Leiden University Medical CenterLeidenThe Netherlands
| | | | - Minneke J. Coenraad
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Leiden University Medical CenterLeidenThe Netherlands
| | | | - Susanne Osanto
- Department of Medical Oncology, Leiden University Medical CenterLeiden,Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical CenterLeiden
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Zhang P, Liu X, Abegg D, Tanaka T, Tong Y, Benhamou RI, Baisden J, Crynen G, Meyer SM, Cameron MD, Chatterjee AK, Adibekian A, Childs-Disney JL, Disney MD. Reprogramming of Protein-Targeted Small-Molecule Medicines to RNA by Ribonuclease Recruitment. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:13044-13055. [PMID: 34387474 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c02248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Reprogramming known medicines for a novel target with activity and selectivity over the canonical target is challenging. By studying the binding interactions between RNA folds and known small-molecule medicines and mining the resultant dataset across human RNAs, we identified that Dovitinib, a receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) inhibitor, binds the precursor to microRNA-21 (pre-miR-21). Dovitinib was rationally reprogrammed for pre-miR-21 by using it as an RNA recognition element in a chimeric compound that also recruits RNase L to induce the RNA's catalytic degradation. By enhancing the inherent RNA-targeting activity and decreasing potency against canonical RTK protein targets in cells, the chimera shifted selectivity for pre-miR-21 by 2500-fold, alleviating disease progression in mouse models of triple-negative breast cancer and Alport Syndrome, both caused by miR-21 overexpression. Thus, targeted degradation can dramatically improve selectivity even across different biomolecules, i.e., protein versus RNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peiyuan Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Scripps Research, Jupiter, Florida 33458, United States
| | - Xiaohui Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Scripps Research, Jupiter, Florida 33458, United States
| | - Daniel Abegg
- Department of Chemistry, Scripps Research, Jupiter, Florida 33458, United States
| | - Toru Tanaka
- Department of Chemistry, Scripps Research, Jupiter, Florida 33458, United States
| | - Yuquan Tong
- Department of Chemistry, Scripps Research, Jupiter, Florida 33458, United States
| | - Raphael I Benhamou
- Department of Chemistry, Scripps Research, Jupiter, Florida 33458, United States
| | - Jared Baisden
- Department of Chemistry, Scripps Research, Jupiter, Florida 33458, United States
| | - Gogce Crynen
- Department of Chemistry, Scripps Research, Jupiter, Florida 33458, United States
| | - Samantha M Meyer
- Department of Chemistry, Scripps Research, Jupiter, Florida 33458, United States
| | - Michael D Cameron
- Department of Chemistry, Scripps Research, Jupiter, Florida 33458, United States
| | - Arnab K Chatterjee
- California Institute for Biomedical Research (CALIBR), Scripps Research, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Alexander Adibekian
- Department of Chemistry, Scripps Research, Jupiter, Florida 33458, United States
| | | | - Matthew D Disney
- Department of Chemistry, Scripps Research, Jupiter, Florida 33458, United States
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Crowley F, Sterpi M, Buckley C, Margetich L, Handa S, Dovey Z. A Review of the Pathophysiological Mechanisms Underlying Castration-resistant Prostate Cancer. Res Rep Urol 2021; 13:457-472. [PMID: 34235102 PMCID: PMC8256377 DOI: 10.2147/rru.s264722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Androgen deprivation therapy or ADT is one of the cornerstones of management of locally advanced or metastatic prostate cancer, alongside radiation therapy. However, despite early response, most advanced prostate cancers progress into an androgen unresponsive or castrate resistant state, which hitherto remains an incurable entity and the second leading cause of cancer-related mortality in men in the US. Recent advances have uncovered multiple complex and intermingled mechanisms underlying this transformation. While most of these mechanisms revolve around androgen receptor (AR) signaling, novel pathways which act independently of the androgen axis are also being discovered. The aim of this article is to review the pathophysiological mechanisms that help bypass the apoptotic effects of ADT to create castrate resistance. The article discusses castrate resistance mechanisms under two categories: 1. Direct AR dependent pathways such as amplification or gain of function mutations in AR, development of functional splice variants, posttranslational regulation, and pro-oncogenic modulation in the expression of coactivators vs corepressors of AR. 2. Ancillary pathways involving RAS/MAP kinase, TGF-beta/SMAD pathway, FGF signaling, JAK/STAT pathway, Wnt-Beta catenin and hedgehog signaling as well as the role of cell adhesion molecules and G-protein coupled receptors. miRNAs are also briefly discussed. Understanding the mechanisms involved in the development and progression of castration-resistant prostate cancer is paramount to the development of targeted agents to overcome these mechanisms. A number of targeted agents are currently in development. As we strive for more personalized treatment across oncology care, treatment regimens will need to be tailored based on the type of CRPC and the underlying mechanism of castration resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fionnuala Crowley
- Department of Internal Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine, Mount Sinai Morningside and West, New York, NY, USA
| | - Michelle Sterpi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine, Mount Sinai Morningside and West, New York, NY, USA
| | - Conor Buckley
- Department of Internal Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine, Mount Sinai Morningside and West, New York, NY, USA
| | - Lauren Margetich
- Department of Internal Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine, Mount Sinai Morningside and West, New York, NY, USA
| | - Shivani Handa
- Department of Internal Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine, Mount Sinai Morningside and West, New York, NY, USA
| | - Zach Dovey
- Department of Urology, Icahn School of Medicine, Mount Sinai Hospital, New York, NY, USA
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14
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Signaling Pathways That Control Apoptosis in Prostate Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13050937. [PMID: 33668112 PMCID: PMC7956765 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13050937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer is the second most common malignancy and the fifth leading cancer-caused death in men worldwide. Therapies that target the androgen receptor axis induce apoptosis in normal prostates and provide temporary relief for advanced disease, yet prostate cancer that acquired androgen independence (so called castration-resistant prostate cancer, CRPC) invariably progresses to lethal disease. There is accumulating evidence that androgen receptor signaling do not regulate apoptosis and proliferation in prostate epithelial cells in a cell-autonomous fashion. Instead, androgen receptor activation in stroma compartments induces expression of unknown paracrine factors that maintain homeostasis of the prostate epithelium. This paradigm calls for new studies to identify paracrine factors and signaling pathways that control the survival of normal epithelial cells and to determine which apoptosis regulatory molecules are targeted by these pathways. This review summarizes the recent progress in understanding the mechanism of apoptosis induced by androgen ablation in prostate epithelial cells with emphasis on the roles of BCL-2 family proteins and "druggable" signaling pathways that control these proteins. A summary of the clinical trials of inhibitors of anti-apoptotic signaling pathways is also provided. Evidently, better knowledge of the apoptosis regulation in prostate epithelial cells is needed to understand mechanisms of androgen-independence and implement life-extending therapies for CRPC.
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15
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Kase AM, Copland III JA, Tan W. Novel Therapeutic Strategies for CDK4/6 Inhibitors in Metastatic Castrate-Resistant Prostate Cancer. Onco Targets Ther 2020; 13:10499-10513. [PMID: 33116629 PMCID: PMC7576355 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s266085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The majority of patients with castrate-resistant prostate cancer will have metastatic disease at the time of diagnosis. Investigative efforts on new therapeutics for this patient population have improved with the development of androgen signaling inhibitors, such as abiraterone and enzalutamide, and PARP inhibitors, such as rucaparib and olaparib, to accompany the previously FDA-approved docetaxel, cabazitaxel, sipuleucel-T, and Radium 223. However, new therapeutic strategies are necessary to prolong survival as progression after these agents is inevitable. CDK4/6 inhibitors have advanced the field of estrogen receptor positive breast cancer treatment and are being investigated in prostate cancer given the role of androgen receptor signaling effects on the cell cycle. Response to CDK4/6 inhibitors may be predicted by the tumors' genomic profile and may provide insight into combinatory therapy with CDK4/6 inhibitors in order to delay resistance or provide synergistic effects. Here, we review the use of CDK4/6 inhibitors in prostate cancer and potential combinations based on known resistance mechanisms to CDK4/6 inhibitors, prostate cancer regulatory pathways, and prostate-cancer-specific genomic alterations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam M Kase
- Mayo Clinic Florida Division of Hematology Oncology, Jacksonville, FL32224, USA
| | - John A Copland III
- Mayo Clinic Florida Department of Cancer Biology, Jacksonville, FL32224, USA
| | - Winston Tan
- Mayo Clinic Florida Division of Hematology Oncology, Jacksonville, FL32224, USA
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16
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Zhang L, Niu X, Bi Y, Cui H, Li H, Cheng X. Potential Role of Targeting KDR and Proteasome Inhibitors in the Therapy of Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Technol Cancer Res Treat 2020; 19:1533033820948060. [PMID: 32924793 PMCID: PMC7493273 DOI: 10.1177/1533033820948060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is one of the most aggressive cancer types in China. In recent years, progress has been made in various types of cancer genomics including ESCC. However, the clinical significance of genomic variation of ESCC remains poorly defined. In the present study, genomic sequencing data from 469 ESCC cases were analyzed and potential therapeutic targets in the Druggable Genome Interaction Database (DGIdb) were screened. A series of potential therapeutic target genes and pathways were identified, of which treatment of ESCC with bortezomib (a specific inhibitor targeting proteasome) potently inhibited the proliferation of 5 ESCC cell lines and administration of bortezomib led to significant tumor xenograft regression in SCID mice. It was also identified that kinase insert domain receptor (KDR), which had drug recommendations from all 6 sources integrated by the DGldb and harbored significant amplification in ESCC, might be a downstream target of zinc finger protein 750 (ZNF750). ZNF750 acts as a transcription factor and has been demonstrated to harbor frequently inactivating mutations in ESCC by previous independent studies. In the present study, KDR was upregulated upon ZNF750 knockdown and the rescue of ZNF750 also led to marked restoration of KDR. KDR knockdown in stable ZNF750-knockdown KYSE150 and KYSE140 ESCC cells significantly attenuated the promotion of cell growth, colony formation, invasion and migration induced by ZNF750 knockdown. Further experiments found that apatinib treatment, a potent inhibitor of KDR, resulted in profound inhibition of cell proliferation and invasion. Collectively, the present study provided insight for genomic alterations as potential therapeutic targets in ESCC and supported the possibility of a therapeutic strategy targeting the proteasome in ESCC. The present results also suggested that targeting KDR may be an effective way to treat ESCC, not only in KDR variant cases, but also in individuals with ZNF750 mutations and deletions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Zhang
- Department of Pathology, 74648Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, People's Republic of China.,Translational Medicine Research Center, 74648Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Xia Niu
- Department of Pathology, 74648Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, People's Republic of China.,Translational Medicine Research Center, 74648Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanghui Bi
- Translational Medicine Research Center, 74648Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Heyang Cui
- Translational Medicine Research Center, 74648Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongyi Li
- Translational Medicine Research Center, 74648Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaolong Cheng
- Translational Medicine Research Center, 74648Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, People's Republic of China.,Department of Anatomy, 74648Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, People's Republic of China
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17
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Giacomini A, Grillo E, Rezzola S, Ribatti D, Rusnati M, Ronca R, Presta M. The FGF/FGFR system in the physiopathology of the prostate gland. Physiol Rev 2020; 101:569-610. [PMID: 32730114 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00005.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) are a family of proteins possessing paracrine, autocrine, or endocrine functions in a variety of biological processes, including embryonic development, angiogenesis, tissue homeostasis, wound repair, and cancer. Canonical FGFs bind and activate tyrosine kinase FGF receptors (FGFRs), triggering intracellular signaling cascades that mediate their biological activity. Experimental evidence indicates that FGFs play a complex role in the physiopathology of the prostate gland that ranges from essential functions during embryonic development to modulation of neoplastic transformation. The use of ligand- and receptor-deleted mouse models has highlighted the requirement for FGF signaling in the normal development of the prostate gland. In adult prostate, the maintenance of a functional FGF/FGFR signaling axis is critical for organ homeostasis and function, as its disruption leads to prostate hyperplasia and may contribute to cancer progression and metastatic dissemination. Dissection of the molecular landscape modulated by the FGF family will facilitate ongoing translational efforts directed toward prostate cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arianna Giacomini
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy; Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences, and Sensory Organs, University of Bari Medical School, Bari, Italy; and Italian Consortium for Biotechnology, Unit of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Grillo
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy; Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences, and Sensory Organs, University of Bari Medical School, Bari, Italy; and Italian Consortium for Biotechnology, Unit of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Sara Rezzola
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy; Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences, and Sensory Organs, University of Bari Medical School, Bari, Italy; and Italian Consortium for Biotechnology, Unit of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Domenico Ribatti
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy; Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences, and Sensory Organs, University of Bari Medical School, Bari, Italy; and Italian Consortium for Biotechnology, Unit of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Marco Rusnati
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy; Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences, and Sensory Organs, University of Bari Medical School, Bari, Italy; and Italian Consortium for Biotechnology, Unit of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Roberto Ronca
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy; Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences, and Sensory Organs, University of Bari Medical School, Bari, Italy; and Italian Consortium for Biotechnology, Unit of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Marco Presta
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy; Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences, and Sensory Organs, University of Bari Medical School, Bari, Italy; and Italian Consortium for Biotechnology, Unit of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
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18
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Luo H, Zhang T, Cheng P, Li D, Ogorodniitchouk O, Lahmamssi C, Wang G, Lan M. Therapeutic implications of fibroblast growth factor receptor inhibitors in a combination regimen for solid tumors. Oncol Lett 2020; 20:2525-2536. [PMID: 32782571 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2020.11858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
A number of novel drugs targeting the fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) signaling pathway have been developed, including mostly tyrosine kinase inhibitors, selective inhibitors or monoclonal antibodies. Multiple preclinical and clinical studies have been conducted worldwide to ascertain their effects on diverse solid tumors. Drugs, such as lenvatinib, dovitinib and other non-specific FGFR inhibitors, widely used in clinical practice, have been approved by the Food and Drug Administration for cancer therapy, although the majority of drugs remain in preclinical tests or clinical research. The resistance to a single agent for FGFR inhibition with synthetic lethal action may be overcome by a combination of therapeutic approaches and FGFR inhibitors, which could also enhance the sensitivity to other therapeutics. Therefore, the aim of the present review is to describe the pharmacological characteristics of FGFR inhibitors that may be combined with other therapeutic agents and the preclinical data supporting their combination. Additionally, their clinical implications and the remaining challenges for FGFR inhibitor combination regimens are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Luo
- Department of Oncology, General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu, Sichuan 610083, P.R. China
| | - Tao Zhang
- Department of Oncology, General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu, Sichuan 610083, P.R. China
| | - Peng Cheng
- Department of Oncology, General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu, Sichuan 610083, P.R. China
| | - Dong Li
- Department of Oncology, General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu, Sichuan 610083, P.R. China
| | | | - Chaimaa Lahmamssi
- Institut de Cancérologie Lucien Neuwirth, 42270 Saint Priest en Jarez, France
| | - Ge Wang
- Cancer Center, Institute of Surgical Research, Third Affiliated Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing 400042, P.R. China
| | - Meiling Lan
- Cancer Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University (Jie Er Hospital), Chongqing 401120, P.R. China
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19
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Das A, Martinez Santos JL, Alshareef M, Porto GBF, Infinger LK, Vandergrift WA, Lindhorst SM, Varma AK, Patel SJ, Cachia D. In Vitro Effect of Dovitinib (TKI258), a Multi-Target Angiokinase Inhibitor on Aggressive Meningioma Cells. Cancer Invest 2020; 38:349-355. [PMID: 32441531 DOI: 10.1080/07357907.2020.1773844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Background: Meningiomas represent ∼30% of primary central nervous system (CNS) tumors. Although advances in surgery and radiotherapy have significantly improved survival, there remains an important subset of patients whose tumors have more aggressive behavior and are refractory to conventional therapy. Recent advances in molecular genetics and epigenetics suggest that this aggressive behavior may be due to the deletion of the DNA repair and tumor suppressor gene, CHEK2, neurofibromatosis Type 2 (NF2) mutation on chromosome 22q12, and genetic abnormalities in multiple RTKs including FGFRs. Management of higher-grade meningiomas, such as anaplastic meningiomas (AM: WHO grade III), is truly challenging and there isn't an established chemotherapy option. We investigate the effect of active multi tyrosine receptor kinase inhibitor Dovitinib at stopping AM cell growth in in vitro with either frequent codeletion or mutated CHEK2 and NF2 gene.Methods: Treatment effects were assessed using MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) assay, western blot analysis, caspases assay, and DNA fragmentation assay.Results: Treatment of CH157MN and IOMM-Lee cells with Dovitinib suppressed multiple angiokinases-mainly FGFRs, leading to suppression of downstream signaling by RAS-RAF-MAPK molecules and PI3K-AKT molecules which are involved in cell proliferation, cell survival, and tumor invasion. Furthermore, Dovitinib induced apoptosis via downregulation of survival proteins (Bcl-XL), and over-expression of apoptotic factors (Bax and caspase-3) regardless of CHEK2 and NF2 mutation status.Conclusions: This study establishes the groundwork for the development of Dovitinib as a therapeutic agent for high-grade AM with either frequent codeletion or mutated CHEK2 and NF2, an avenue with high translational potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arabinda Das
- Department of Neurosurgery and MUSC Brain & Spine Tumor Program, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Jaime L Martinez Santos
- Department of Neurosurgery and MUSC Brain & Spine Tumor Program, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Mohammed Alshareef
- Department of Neurosurgery and MUSC Brain & Spine Tumor Program, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Guilherme Bastos Ferreira Porto
- Department of Neurosurgery and MUSC Brain & Spine Tumor Program, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Libby Kosnik Infinger
- Department of Neurosurgery and MUSC Brain & Spine Tumor Program, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - William A Vandergrift
- Department of Neurosurgery and MUSC Brain & Spine Tumor Program, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Scott M Lindhorst
- Department of Neurosurgery and MUSC Brain & Spine Tumor Program, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Abhay K Varma
- Department of Neurosurgery and MUSC Brain & Spine Tumor Program, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Sunil J Patel
- Department of Neurosurgery and MUSC Brain & Spine Tumor Program, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - David Cachia
- Department of Neurosurgery and MUSC Brain & Spine Tumor Program, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
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20
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Tumour-stroma ratio and 5-year mortality in gastric adenocarcinoma: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Sci Rep 2019; 9:16018. [PMID: 31690815 PMCID: PMC6831590 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-52606-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Accepted: 10/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumour-stroma ratio (TSR) is a novel potential prognostic factor in cancers and based on the proportions of stroma and tumour area. The prognostic value of TSR in gastric cancer is incompletely known. The aim of this study was to estimate prognostic significance of TSR in gastric adenocarcinoma. A search of PubMed (MEDLINE), Web of Science, EMBASE, Cochrane and Scopus databases was performed. A meta-analysis was conducted on five-year survival in gastric cancer patients using inverse variance random-effects methods. The literature search yielded 5329 potential titles, of which a total of seven studies were eligible. Results of six studies including a total of 1779 patients were pooled in the meta-analysis. Only 23 (1.3%) of the patients received neoadjuvant therapy. All six studies had a cut-off of 50% for the proportion of stroma when dividing the patients into low- and high stroma groups. Low TSR (high amount of stroma) was strongly associated with increased five-year mortality (hazard ratio 2.19, 95% CI 1.69–2.85). In conclusion, TSR is a strong prognostic factor in gastric cancer. It could be used to estimate prognosis of gastric cancer patients not receiving neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Further studies including patients receiving neoadjuvant therapy are recommended.
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21
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Wang D, Yang L, Yu W, Zhang Y. Investigational fibroblast growth factor receptor 2 antagonists in early phase clinical trials to treat solid tumors. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2019; 28:903-916. [PMID: 31560229 DOI: 10.1080/13543784.2019.1672655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Introduction: Fibroblast growth factor receptor 2 (FGFR2) is a highly conserved transmembrane tyrosine kinase receptor. FGFR2 dysregulation occurs in numerous human solid tumors and overexpression is closely associated with tumor progression. FGFR2 has recently been reported as a therapeutic target for cancer. Several targeted therapies are being investigated to disrupt FGFR2 activity; these include multi-target tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs), pan-FGFR targeted TKIs and FGFR2 monoclonal antibodies. Areas: This review examines FGFR2 regulation and function in cancer and its potential as a target for cancer treatment. Expert opinion: Highly specific FGFR2 blockers have not yet been developed and moreover, resistance to FGFR2-targeted therapies is a challenge. More sophisticated patient selection strategies would help improve FGFR2-targeted therapies and combination therapy is considered the most promising approach for cancer patients with FGFR2 alterations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Wang
- Biotherapy Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University , Zhengzhou , Henan , P.R. China.,Cancer Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University , Zhengzhou , Henan , P.R. China.,Henan Key Laboratory for Tumor Immunology and Biotherapy , Zhengzhou , Henan , P.R. China
| | - Li Yang
- Biotherapy Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University , Zhengzhou , Henan , P.R. China.,Cancer Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University , Zhengzhou , Henan , P.R. China.,Henan Key Laboratory for Tumor Immunology and Biotherapy , Zhengzhou , Henan , P.R. China
| | - Weina Yu
- Biotherapy Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University , Zhengzhou , Henan , P.R. China.,Cancer Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University , Zhengzhou , Henan , P.R. China.,Henan Key Laboratory for Tumor Immunology and Biotherapy , Zhengzhou , Henan , P.R. China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Biotherapy Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University , Zhengzhou , Henan , P.R. China.,Cancer Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University , Zhengzhou , Henan , P.R. China.,Henan Key Laboratory for Tumor Immunology and Biotherapy , Zhengzhou , Henan , P.R. China.,School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University , Zhengzhou , Henan , P.R. China
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22
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Dovitinib Triggers Apoptosis and Autophagic Cell Death by Targeting SHP-1/ p-STAT3 Signaling in Human Breast Cancers. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2019; 2019:2024648. [PMID: 31485222 PMCID: PMC6710795 DOI: 10.1155/2019/2024648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most common cancer and the leading cause of cancer deaths in women worldwide. The rising incidence rate and female mortality make it a significant public health concern in recent years. Dovitinib is a novel multitarget receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor, which has been enrolled in several clinical trials in different cancers. However, its antitumor efficacy has not been well determined in breast cancers. Our results demonstrated that dovitinib showed significant antitumor activity in human breast cancer cell lines with dose- and time-dependent manners. Downregulation of phosphor-(p)-STAT3 and its subsequent effectors Mcl-1 and cyclin D1 was responsible for this drug effect. Ectopic expression of STAT3 rescued the breast cancer cells from cell apoptosis induced by dovitinib. Moreover, SHP-1 inhibitor reversed the downregulation of p-STAT3 induced by dovitinib, indicating that SHP-1 mediated the STAT3 inhibition effect of dovitinib. In addition to apoptosis, we found for the first time that dovitinib also activated autophagy to promote cell death in breast cancer cells. In conclusion, dovitinib induced both apoptosis and autophagy to block the growth of breast cancer cells by regulating the SHP-1-dependent STAT3 inhibition.
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23
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Li L, Zhu M, Wu W, Qin B, Gu J, Tu Y, Chen J, Liu D, Shi Y, Liu X, Sang A, Ding D. Brivanib, a multitargeted small‐molecule tyrosine kinase inhibitor, suppresses laser‐induced CNV in a mouse model of neovascular AMD. J Cell Physiol 2019; 235:1259-1273. [PMID: 31270802 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.29041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2019] [Accepted: 06/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lele Li
- Department of Ophthalmology Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University Nantong Jiangsu China
| | - Manhui Zhu
- Department of Ophthalmology Lixiang Eye Hospital of Soochow University Suzhou Jiangsu China
| | - Wenli Wu
- Medical College Nantong University Nantong Jiangsu China
| | - Bai Qin
- Department of Ophthalmology Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University Nantong Jiangsu China
| | - Jiayi Gu
- Department of Ophthalmology Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University Nantong Jiangsu China
| | - Yuanyuan Tu
- Department of Ophthalmology Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University Nantong Jiangsu China
| | - Jianing Chen
- Medical College Nantong University Nantong Jiangsu China
| | - Dong Liu
- Co‐innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration Nantong University Nantong China
| | - Yunwei Shi
- Co‐innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration Nantong University Nantong China
| | - Xiaojuan Liu
- Department of Pathogen Biology, Medical College Nantong University Nantong Jiangsu China
| | - Aimin Sang
- Department of Ophthalmology Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University Nantong Jiangsu China
| | - Dongmei Ding
- Department of Ophthalmology Laizhou City People's Hospital Yantai Shandong China
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24
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Olender J, Wang BD, Ching T, Garmire LX, Garofano K, Ji Y, Knox T, Latham P, Nguyen K, Rhim J, Lee NH. A Novel FGFR3 Splice Variant Preferentially Expressed in African American Prostate Cancer Drives Aggressive Phenotypes and Docetaxel Resistance. Mol Cancer Res 2019; 17:2115-2125. [PMID: 31266816 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-19-0415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2019] [Revised: 06/19/2019] [Accepted: 06/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Alternative splicing (AS) has been shown to participate in prostate cancer development and progression; however, a link between AS and prostate cancer health disparities has been largely unexplored. Here we report on the cloning of a novel splice variant of FGFR3 that is preferentially expressed in African American (AA) prostate cancer. This novel variant (FGFR3-S) omits exon 14, comprising 123 nucleotides that encode the activation loop in the intracellular split kinase domain. Ectopic overexpression of FGFR3-S in European American (EA) prostate cancer cell lines (PC-3 and LNCaP) led to enhanced receptor autophosphorylation and increased activation of the downstream signaling effectors AKT, STAT3, and ribosomal S6 compared with FGFR3-L (retains exon 14). The increased oncogenic signaling imparted by FGFR3-S was associated with a substantial gain in proliferative and antiapoptotic activities, as well as a modest but significant gain in cell motility. Moreover, the FGFR3-S-conferred proliferative and motility gains were highly resistant to the pan-FGFR small-molecule inhibitor dovitinib and the antiapoptotic gain was insensitive to the cytotoxic drug docetaxel, which stands in marked contrast with dovitinib- and docetaxel-sensitive FGFR3-L. In an in vivo xenograft model, mice injected with PC-3 cells overexpressing FGFR3-S exhibited significantly increased tumor growth and resistance to dovitinib treatment compared with cells overexpressing FGFR3-L. In agreement with our in vitro and in vivo findings, a high FGFR3-S/FGFR3-L expression ratio in prostate cancer specimens was associated with poor patient prognosis. IMPLICATIONS: This work identifies a novel FGFR3 splice variant and supports the hypothesis that differential AS participates in prostate cancer health disparities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline Olender
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, GW Cancer Center, Washington, D. C
| | - Bi-Dar Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Health Professions, University of Maryland Eastern Shore, Princess Anne, Maryland
| | - Travers Ching
- Cancer Epidemiology Program, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii
| | - Lana X Garmire
- Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, School of Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Kaitlin Garofano
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, GW Cancer Center, Washington, D. C
| | - Youngmi Ji
- Adeno-Associated Virus Biology Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Tessa Knox
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, GW Cancer Center, Washington, D. C
| | - Patricia Latham
- Department of Pathology, The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Kenneth Nguyen
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, GW Cancer Center, Washington, D. C
| | - Johng Rhim
- Center for Prostate Disease Research, Department of Surgery, Uniformed Services University of Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Norman H Lee
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, GW Cancer Center, Washington, D. C.
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25
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Lee CH, Decker AM, Cackowski FC, Taichman RS. Bone microenvironment signaling of cancer stem cells as a therapeutic target in metastatic prostate cancer. Cell Biol Toxicol 2019; 36:115-130. [PMID: 31250347 DOI: 10.1007/s10565-019-09483-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2018] [Accepted: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is one of the most prevalent cancers and the second leading cause of cancer death among US males. When diagnosed in an early disease stage, primary tumors of PCa may be treated with surgical resection or radiation, sometimes combined with androgen deprivation therapy, with favorable outcomes. Unfortunately, the treatment efficacy of each approach decreases significantly in later stages of PCa that involve metastasis to soft tissues and bone. Metastatic PCa is a heterogeneous disease containing host cells, mature cancer cells, and subpopulation of cancer stem cells (CSC). CSCs are highly tumorigenic due to their self-renewing and differentiating potential, clinically resulting in recurrence and resistance to standard therapies. Therefore, there is a large unmet clinical need to develop therapies, which target CSC activity. In this review, we summarize the main signaling pathways that are implicated in the current pre-clinical and clinical studies of recurrent metastatic PCa within the bone microenvironment targeting CSCs and discuss the trajectory of therapeutics moving forward.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara H Lee
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Ann M Decker
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Frank C Cackowski
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.,Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Russell S Taichman
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA. .,Department of Periodontology, University of Alabama Birmingham School of Dentistry, Birmingham, Alabama, USA.
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Nevedomskaya E, Baumgart SJ, Haendler B. Recent Advances in Prostate Cancer Treatment and Drug Discovery. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19051359. [PMID: 29734647 PMCID: PMC5983695 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19051359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 160] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2018] [Revised: 04/27/2018] [Accepted: 05/01/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Novel drugs, drug sequences and combinations have improved the outcome of prostate cancer in recent years. The latest approvals include abiraterone acetate, enzalutamide and apalutamide which target androgen receptor (AR) signaling, radium-223 dichloride for reduction of bone metastases, sipuleucel-T immunotherapy and taxane-based chemotherapy. Adding abiraterone acetate to androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) in order to achieve complete androgen blockade has proven highly beneficial for treatment of locally advanced prostate cancer and metastatic hormone-sensitive prostate cancer (mHSPC). Also, ADT together with docetaxel treatment showed significant benefit in mHSPC. Ongoing clinical trials for different subgroups of prostate cancer patients include the evaluation of the second-generation AR antagonists enzalutamide, apalutamide and darolutamide, of inhibitors of the phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase (PI3K) pathway, of inhibitors of DNA damage response, of targeted alpha therapy and of prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) targeting approaches. Advanced clinical studies with immune checkpoint inhibitors have shown limited benefits in prostate cancer and more trials are needed to demonstrate efficacy. The identification of improved, personalized treatments will be much supported by the major progress recently made in the molecular characterization of early- and late-stage prostate cancer using “omics” technologies. This has already led to novel classifications of prostate tumors based on gene expression profiles and mutation status, and should greatly help in the choice of novel targeted therapies best tailored to the needs of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina Nevedomskaya
- Therapeutic Research Groups, Research & Development, Pharmaceuticals, Bayer AG, Müllerstr. 178, 13353 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Simon J Baumgart
- Therapeutic Research Groups, Research & Development, Pharmaceuticals, Bayer AG, Müllerstr. 178, 13353 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Bernard Haendler
- Therapeutic Research Groups, Research & Development, Pharmaceuticals, Bayer AG, Müllerstr. 178, 13353 Berlin, Germany.
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