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Wirobski G, Crockford C, Deschner T, Neumann ID. Oxytocin and cortisol concentrations in urine and saliva in response to physical exercise in humans. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2024; 168:107144. [PMID: 39053161 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2024.107144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2024] [Revised: 07/08/2024] [Accepted: 07/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND While peripheral markers of endogenous oxytocin and glucocorticoid release are widely employed in psychological and behavioural research, there remains uncertainty regarding the effectiveness of saliva and urine samples in accurately capturing fluctuating hormone levels in response to relevant stimuli. In addition, it is unclear whether and under which conditions, urinary concentrations correlate with salivary levels of oxytocin and cortisol. METHODS In the present study, two groups of healthy adult male and female participants (N=43) provided heart rate, saliva, and urine samples before and after exercising at different durations and intensities (3 ×10 min of running vs. 60 min of running). Effects of age, gender, cycle phase, and previous running experience were considered in the statistical analyses. Concentrations of oxytocin and cortisol were analysed in both saliva, and urine using validated assays. RESULTS Runners of both groups had significantly increased oxytocin concentrations in urine and saliva after running than before. Oxytocin in saliva was elevated after 10 min and peaked after 30 min of running. Only participants of the long-running group showed an increase in urinary cortisol concentrations following exercise (and only after 90 min of stimulus onset), and neither group had a significant increase in salivary cortisol levels. Oxytocin rise in urine and saliva from basal to post-run was strongly and significantly correlated, as was cortisol rise from basal to post-rest, but no correlations between absolute hormone concentrations were found for oxytocin. CONCLUSIONS Our results show that both urine and saliva are useful body fluids that can provide meaningful results when measuring oxytocin and cortisol concentrations after a physical stimulus. While temporal resolution may be better with salivary sampling as higher sampling frequency is possible, signal strength and robustness were better in urinary samples. Importantly, we report a strong correlation between the magnitude of change in oxytocin and cortisol concentrations in urine and saliva following physical exercise, but no correlations between absolute oxytocin concentrations in the two substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gwendolyn Wirobski
- Department of Behavioural and Molecular Neurobiology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany; Domestication Lab, Konrad Lorenz Institute for Ethology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Austria
| | - Catherine Crockford
- The Great Ape Social Mind Lab, Institut des Sciences Cognitives, CNRS, 67 Boulevard Pinel, Bron, Lyon 69675, France
| | - Tobias Deschner
- Comparative BioCognition, Institute of Cognitive Science, University of Osnabrück, Osnabrück, Germany; Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Inga D Neumann
- Department of Behavioural and Molecular Neurobiology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany.
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2
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Casals G, Ballesteros MA, Zamora A, Martínez I, Fernández-Varo G, Mora M, Hanzu FA, Morales-Ruiz M. LC-HRMS and GC-MS Profiling of Urine Free Cortisol, Cortisone, 6Β-, and 18-Hydroxycortisol for the Evaluation of Glucocorticoid and Mineralocorticoid Disorders. Biomolecules 2024; 14:558. [PMID: 38785966 PMCID: PMC11117527 DOI: 10.3390/biom14050558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2024] [Revised: 05/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Urine free cortisol measurements are routinely performed to evaluate hypercortisolism. Despite their analytical inaccuracy, immunoassay-based methods are frequently used. Advances in liquid chromatography-high-resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS) facilitate the incorporation of powerful diagnostic tools into clinical laboratories. In addition to its high analytical specificity and simultaneous analysis of different metabolites, accurate mass measurement allows for untargeted compound identification, which may help to identify clinically relevant metabolites or drugs. METHODS The present study aimed to validate a simple routine LC-HRMS method to quantify cortisol, cortisone, 6β-hydroxycortisol, and 18-hydroxycortisol simultaneously in human urine. Additionally, the study also validated a GC-MS method for the same steroids, evaluated their cross-reactivity with commercial cortisol immunoassays, and quantified the 24 h urine excretion in patients under clinical suspicion or follow-up for hypercortisolism. RESULTS The LC-HRMS method involved liquid-liquid extraction using dichloromethane, micro-LC for chromatographic separation and detection using the accurate masses of the steroids, and simultaneous high-resolution full scan acquisition. The method presented acceptable linearity, precision, and accuracy. Significant interference from 6β-hydroxycortisol and cortisone was demonstrated in the cortisol immunoassays, which impacted their reliability in the follow-up of patients with hypercortisolism and significant changes in these cortisol metabolites (i.e., due to drug-induced changes in CYP3A4 activity). CONCLUSION A rapid and accurate routine LC-HRMS method was validated, which is useful for the evaluation of hypercortisolism and other disorders of glucocorticoid and mineralocorticoid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregori Casals
- Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics Department, Hospital Clínic of Barcelona, Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), 08036 Barcelona, Spain; (I.M.); (G.F.-V.); (M.M.-R.)
- Department of Fundamental and Clinical Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, University of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Angielys Zamora
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, 28007 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Irene Martínez
- Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics Department, Hospital Clínic of Barcelona, Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), 08036 Barcelona, Spain; (I.M.); (G.F.-V.); (M.M.-R.)
| | - Guillermo Fernández-Varo
- Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics Department, Hospital Clínic of Barcelona, Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), 08036 Barcelona, Spain; (I.M.); (G.F.-V.); (M.M.-R.)
| | - Mireia Mora
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Hospital Clinic, Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036 Barcelona, Spain;
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, University of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Felicia A. Hanzu
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Hospital Clinic, Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036 Barcelona, Spain;
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, University of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Manuel Morales-Ruiz
- Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics Department, Hospital Clínic of Barcelona, Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), 08036 Barcelona, Spain; (I.M.); (G.F.-V.); (M.M.-R.)
- Department of Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, University of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
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Torgerson D, Guardado M, Steurer M, Chapin C, Hernandez RD, Ballard PL. The hydrocortisone-responsive urinary metabolome of premature infants. Pediatr Res 2023; 94:1317-1326. [PMID: 37138028 PMCID: PMC10589081 DOI: 10.1038/s41390-023-02610-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Extremely premature infants are at risk for circulatory collapse or respiratory failure that are often treated with hydrocortisone (HC); however, there is no information on the metabolic consequences of this therapy. METHODS Longitudinal urine samples from infants <28 weeks gestation in the Trial of Late Surfactant were analyzed by untargeted UHPLC:MS/MS. Fourteen infants who received a tapering course of HC beginning at 3 mg/kg/day for ≥9 days were compared to 14 matched control infants. A secondary cross-sectional analysis by logistic regression used urines from 314 infants. RESULTS Of 1145 urinary metabolites detected, abundance of 219, representing all the major biochemical pathways, changed at p < 0.05 in the HC-treated group with 90% decreasing; 3 cortisol derivatives increased ~2-fold with HC therapy. Only 11% of regulated metabolites remained responsive at the lowest HC dose. Regulated metabolites included two steroids and thiamin that are associated with lung inflammation in infants. HC responsiveness was confirmed in 57% of metabolites by cross-sectional analysis. CONCLUSIONS HC treatment of premature infants influenced in a dose-dependent manner abundance of 19% of identified urinary metabolites of diverse biochemical systems, primarily reducing concentrations. These findings indicate that exposure to HC reversibly impacts the nutritional status of premature infants. IMPACT Hydrocortisone treatment of premature infants with respiratory failure or circulatory collapse alters levels of a subset of urinary metabolites representing all major biochemical pathways. This is the first description of the scope, magnitude, timing and reversibility of metabolomic changes in infants in response to hydrocortisone, and it confirms corticosteroid regulation of three biochemicals that are associated with lung inflammatory status. The findings indicate a dose-dependency of hydrocortisone for metabolomic and anti-inflammatory effects, that prolonged therapy may lower the supply of many nutrients, and that monitoring concentrations of cortisol and inflammation markers may be a useful clinical approach during corticosteroid therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dara Torgerson
- Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Miguel Guardado
- Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Martina Steurer
- Pediatrics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Cheryl Chapin
- Pediatrics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Ryan D Hernandez
- Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Philip L Ballard
- Pediatrics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
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Findling JW, Raff H. Recognition of Nonneoplastic Hypercortisolism in the Evaluation of Patients With Cushing Syndrome. J Endocr Soc 2023; 7:bvad087. [PMID: 37440963 PMCID: PMC10334485 DOI: 10.1210/jendso/bvad087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The evaluation of suspected hypercortisolism is one of the most challenging problems in medicine. The signs and symptoms described by Dr Harvey Cushing are common and often create diagnostic confusion to even experienced endocrinologists. Cushing syndrome is classically defined as neoplastic hypercortisolism resulting from an ACTH-secreting tumor or from autonomous secretion of excess cortisol associated with benign or malignant adrenal neoplasia. The increasing recognition of the negative cardiometabolic effects of mild cortisol excess without overt physical signs of Cushing syndrome has led to more screening for endogenous hypercortisolism in patients with adrenal nodular disease, osteoporosis, and the metabolic syndrome. However, sustained or intermittent activation of the dynamic hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis caused by chemical (alcohol), inflammatory (chronic kidney disease), psychologic (major depression), and physical (starvation/chronic intense exercise) stimuli can result in clinical and/or biochemical features indistinguishable from neoplastic hypercortisolism. Nonneoplastic hypercortisolism (formerly known as pseudo-Cushing syndrome) has been recognized for more than 50 years and often causes diagnostic uncertainty. This expert consultation describes two patients with features of Cushing syndrome who were referred for inferior petrosal sinus sampling for the differential diagnosis of ACTH-dependent hypercortisolism. Both patients were discovered to have nonneoplastic hypercortisolism: one from a covert alcohol use disorder and the other to chronic kidney disease. This consultation emphasizes the value of a good history and physical examination, appropriate laboratory testing, and the desmopressin acetate stimulation test to aid in distinguishing neoplastic from nonneoplastic hypercortisolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- James W Findling
- Department of Medicine (Endocrinology and Molecular Medicine), Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
- Department of Surgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Hershel Raff
- Correspondence: Hershel Raff, PhD, Endocrinology Research HRC4150, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Rd, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA.
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Freeman B, Mamallapalli J, Bian T, Ballas K, Lynch A, Scala A, Huo Z, Fredenburg KM, Bruijnzeel AW, Baglole CJ, Lu J, Salloum RG, Malaty J, Xing C. Opportunities and Challenges of Kava in Lung Cancer Prevention. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24119539. [PMID: 37298489 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24119539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Revised: 05/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths due to its high incidence, late diagnosis, and limited success in clinical treatment. Prevention therefore is critical to help improve lung cancer management. Although tobacco control and tobacco cessation are effective strategies for lung cancer prevention, the numbers of current and former smokers in the USA and globally are not expected to decrease significantly in the near future. Chemoprevention and interception are needed to help high-risk individuals reduce their lung cancer risk or delay lung cancer development. This article will review the epidemiological data, pre-clinical animal data, and limited clinical data that support the potential of kava in reducing human lung cancer risk via its holistic polypharmacological effects. To facilitate its future clinical translation, advanced knowledge is needed with respect to its mechanisms of action and the development of mechanism-based non-invasive biomarkers in addition to safety and efficacy in more clinically relevant animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Breanne Freeman
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Center for Natural Products, Drug Discovery and Development, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Jessica Mamallapalli
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Center for Natural Products, Drug Discovery and Development, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Tengfei Bian
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Center for Natural Products, Drug Discovery and Development, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Kayleigh Ballas
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Center for Natural Products, Drug Discovery and Development, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Allison Lynch
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Center for Natural Products, Drug Discovery and Development, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Alexander Scala
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Center for Natural Products, Drug Discovery and Development, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Zhiguang Huo
- Department of Biostatistics, College of Public Health & Health Professions, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Kristianna M Fredenburg
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Adriaan W Bruijnzeel
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Carolyn J Baglole
- Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 0G4, Canada
| | - Junxuan Lu
- Department of Pharmacology, PennState Cancer Institute, Penn State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
| | - Ramzi G Salloum
- Department of Health Outcome & Biomedical Informatics, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - John Malaty
- Department of Community Health & Family Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Chengguo Xing
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Center for Natural Products, Drug Discovery and Development, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
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6
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Hong Y, Chen B, Zhai X, Qian Q, Gui R, Jiang C. Integrated analysis of the gut microbiome and metabolome in a mouse model of inflammation-induced colorectal tumors. Front Microbiol 2023; 13:1082835. [PMID: 36713186 PMCID: PMC9880073 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1082835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a common malignancy worldwide, and the gut microbiota and metabolites play an important role in its initiation and progression. In this study, we constructed a mouse model of inflammation-induced colorectal tumors, with fixed doses of azoxymethane/dextran sulfate sodium (AOM/DSS). We found that colorectal tumors only formed in some mice treated with certain concentrations of AOM/DSS (tumor group), whereas other mice did not develop tumors (non-tumor group). 16S rDNA amplicon sequencing and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS)/MS analyses were performed to investigate the microbes and metabolites in the fecal samples. As a result, 1189 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) were obtained from the fecal samples, and the non-tumor group had a relatively higher OTU richness and diversity. Moreover, 53 different microbes were identified at the phylum and genus levels, including Proteobacteria, Cyanobacteria, and Prevotella. Furthermore, four bacterial taxa were obviously enriched in the non-tumor group, according to linear discriminant analysis scores (log10) > 4. The untargeted metabolomics analysis revealed significant differences between the fecal samples and metabolic phenotypes. Further, the heatmaps and volcano plots revealed 53 and 19 dysregulated metabolites between the groups, in positive and negative ion modes, respectively. Styrene degradation and amino sugar-nucleotide sugar metabolism pathways were significantly different in positive and negative ion modes, respectively. Moreover, a correlation analysis between the metabolome and microbiome was further conducted, which revealed the key microbiota and metabolites. In conclusion, we successfully established a tumor model using a certain dose of AOM/DSS and identified the differential intestinal microbiota and characteristic metabolites that might modulate tumorigenesis, thereby providing new concepts for the prevention and treatment of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuntian Hong
- Department of Colorectal and Anal Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China,Clinical Center of Intestinal and Colorectal Diseases of Hubei Province, Wuhan, China,Key Laboratory of Intestinal and Colorectal Diseases of Hubei Province, Wuhan, China
| | - Baoxiang Chen
- Department of Colorectal and Anal Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China,Clinical Center of Intestinal and Colorectal Diseases of Hubei Province, Wuhan, China,Key Laboratory of Intestinal and Colorectal Diseases of Hubei Province, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiang Zhai
- Department of Colorectal and Anal Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China,Clinical Center of Intestinal and Colorectal Diseases of Hubei Province, Wuhan, China,Key Laboratory of Intestinal and Colorectal Diseases of Hubei Province, Wuhan, China
| | - Qun Qian
- Department of Colorectal and Anal Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China,Clinical Center of Intestinal and Colorectal Diseases of Hubei Province, Wuhan, China,Key Laboratory of Intestinal and Colorectal Diseases of Hubei Province, Wuhan, China
| | - Rui Gui
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China,Rui Gui,
| | - Congqing Jiang
- Department of Colorectal and Anal Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China,Clinical Center of Intestinal and Colorectal Diseases of Hubei Province, Wuhan, China,Key Laboratory of Intestinal and Colorectal Diseases of Hubei Province, Wuhan, China,*Correspondence: Congqing Jiang,
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7
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Kumondai M, Maekawa M, Hishinuma E, Sato Y, Sato T, Kikuchi M, Hiratsuka M, Mano N. Development of a Simultaneous Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry Analytical Method for Urinary Endogenous Substrates and Metabolites for Predicting Cytochrome P450 3A4 Activity. Biol Pharm Bull 2023; 46:455-463. [PMID: 36858575 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b22-00840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/03/2023]
Abstract
CYP3A4, which contributes to the metabolism of more than 30% of clinically used drugs, exhibits high variation in its activity; therefore, predicting CYP3A4 activity before drug treatment is vital for determining the optimal dosage for each patient. We aimed to develop and validate an LC-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method that simultaneously measures the levels of CYP3A4 activity-related predictive biomarkers (6β-hydroxycortisol (6β-OHC), cortisol (C), 1β-hydroxydeoxycholic acid (1β-OHDCA), and deoxycholic acid (DCA)). Chromatographic separation was achieved using a YMC-Triart C18 column and a gradient flow of the mobile phase comprising deionized water/25% ammonia solution (100 : 0.1, v/v) and methanol/acetonitrile/25% ammonia solution (50 : 50 : 0.1, v/v/v). Selective reaction monitoring in the negative-ion mode was used for MS/MS, and run times of 33 min were used. All analytes showed high linearity in the range of 3-3000 ng/mL. Additionally, their concentrations in urine samples derived from volunteers were analyzed via treatment with deconjugation enzymes, ignoring inter-individual differences in the variation of other enzymatic activities. Our method satisfied the analytical validation criteria under clinical conditions. Moreover, the concentrations of each analyte were quantified within the range of calibration curves for all urine samples. The conjugated forms of each analyte were hydrolyzed to accurately examine CYP3A4 activity. Non-invasive urine sampling employed herein is an effective alternative to invasive plasma sampling. The analytically validated simultaneous quantification method developed in this study can be used to predict CYP3A4 activity in precision medicine and investigate the potential clinical applications of CYP3A4 biomarkers (6β-OHC/C and 1β-OHDCA/DCA ratios).
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaki Kumondai
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University Hospital
| | - Masamitsu Maekawa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University Hospital.,Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University.,Advanced Research Center for Innovations in Next-Generation Medicine, Tohoku University
| | - Eiji Hishinuma
- Advanced Research Center for Innovations in Next-Generation Medicine, Tohoku University.,Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University
| | - Yu Sato
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University Hospital
| | - Toshihiro Sato
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University Hospital
| | - Masafumi Kikuchi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University Hospital.,Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University
| | - Masahiro Hiratsuka
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University Hospital.,Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University.,Advanced Research Center for Innovations in Next-Generation Medicine, Tohoku University.,Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University
| | - Nariyasu Mano
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University Hospital.,Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University
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Bioassay-Guided Fractionation Leads to the Detection of Cholic Acid Generated by the Rare Thalassomonas sp. Mar Drugs 2022; 21:md21010002. [PMID: 36662175 PMCID: PMC9860883 DOI: 10.3390/md21010002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacterial symbionts of marine invertebrates are rich sources of novel, pharmaceutically relevant natural products that could become leads in combatting multidrug-resistant pathogens and treating disease. In this study, the bioactive potential of the marine invertebrate symbiont Thalassomonas actiniarum was investigated. Bioactivity screening of the strain revealed Gram-positive specific antibacterial activity as well as cytotoxic activity against a human melanoma cell line (A2058). The dereplication of the active fraction using HPLC-MS led to the isolation and structural elucidation of cholic acid and 3-oxo cholic acid. T. actiniarum is one of three type species belonging to the genus Thalassomonas. The ability to generate cholic acid was assessed for all three species using thin-layer chromatography and was confirmed by LC-MS. The re-sequencing of all three Thalassomonas type species using long-read Oxford Nanopore Technology (ONT) and Illumina data produced complete genomes, enabling the bioinformatic assessment of the ability of the strains to produce cholic acid. Although a complete biosynthetic pathway for cholic acid synthesis in this genus could not be determined based on sequence-based homology searches, the identification of putative penicillin or homoserine lactone acylases in all three species suggests a mechanism for the hydrolysis of conjugated bile acids present in the growth medium, resulting in the generation of cholic acid and 3-oxo cholic acid. With little known currently about the bioactivities of this genus, this study serves as the foundation for future investigations into their bioactive potential as well as the potential ecological role of bile acid transformation, sterol modification and quorum quenching by Thalassomonas sp. in the marine environment.
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Arioli F, Gamberini MC, Pavlovic R, Di Cesare F, Draghi S, Bussei G, Mungiguerra F, Casati A, Fidani M. Quantification of cortisol and its metabolites in human urine by LC-MS n: applications in clinical diagnosis and anti-doping control. Anal Bioanal Chem 2022; 414:6841-6853. [PMID: 35915250 PMCID: PMC9436849 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-022-04249-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Revised: 07/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The objective of the current research was to develop a liquid chromatography-MSn (LC-MSn) methodology for the determination of free cortisol and its 15 endogenous metabolites (6β-hydroxycortisol, 20α-dihydrocortisol, 20α-dihydrocortisone, 20-β-dihydrocortisol, 20β-dihydrocortisone, prednisolone, cortisone, α-cortolone, β-cortolone, allotetrahydrocortisol, 5α-dihydrocortisol, tetrahydrocortisol, allotetrahydrocortisone, 5β-dihydrocortisol, tetrahydrocortisone) in human urine. Due to its optimal performance, a linear ion trap operating in ESI negative ion mode was chosen for the spectrometric analysis, performing MS3 and MS4 experiments. The method was validated for limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) (0.01 ng mL−1 and 0.05 ng mL−1, for all compounds, respectively), intra- and inter-day precision (CV = 1.4–9.2% and CV = 3.6–10.4%, respectively), intra- and inter-day accuracy (95–110%), extraction recovery (65–95%), linearity (R2 > 0.995), and matrix effect that was absent for all molecules. Additionally, for each compound, the percentage of glucuronated conjugates was estimated. The method was successfully applied to the urine (2 mL) of 50 healthy subjects (25 males, 25 females). It was also successfully employed on urine samples of two patients with Cushing syndrome and one with Addison’s disease. This analytical approach could be more appropriate than commonly used determination of urinary free cortisol collected in 24-h urine. The possibility of considering the differences and relationship between cortisol and its metabolites allows analytical problems related to quantitative analysis of cortisol alone to be overcome. Furthermore, the developed method has been demonstrated as efficient for antidoping control regarding the potential abuse of corticosteroids, which could interfere with the cortisol metabolism, due to negative feedback on the hypothalamus-hypophysis-adrenal axis. Lastly, this method was found to be suitable for the follow-up of prednisolone that was particularly important considering its pseudo-endogenous origin and correlation with cortisol metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Arioli
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Milan, Via dell'Università 6, 26900, Lodi, LO, Italy
| | - Maria Cristina Gamberini
- Department of Life Science, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via Campi 103, 41125, Modena, Italy
| | - Radmila Pavlovic
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Milan, Via dell'Università 6, 26900, Lodi, LO, Italy.
| | - Federica Di Cesare
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Milan, Via dell'Università 6, 26900, Lodi, LO, Italy
| | - Susanna Draghi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Milan, Via dell'Università 6, 26900, Lodi, LO, Italy
| | - Giulia Bussei
- UNIRELAB Srl, Via Gramsci 70, 20019, Settimo Milanese, MI, Italy
| | | | - Alessio Casati
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Milan, Via dell'Università 6, 26900, Lodi, LO, Italy
| | - Marco Fidani
- UNIRELAB Srl, Via Gramsci 70, 20019, Settimo Milanese, MI, Italy
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Khatri R, Fallon JK, Sykes C, Kulick N, Rementer RJB, Miner TA, Schauer AP, Kashuba ADM, Boggess KA, Brouwer KLR, Smith PC, Lee CR. Pregnancy-Related Hormones Increase UGT1A1-Mediated Labetalol Metabolism in Human Hepatocytes. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:655320. [PMID: 33995076 PMCID: PMC8115026 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.655320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Pregnancy-related hormones (PRH) are recognized as important regulators of hepatic cytochrome P450 enzyme expression and function. However, the impact of PRH on the hepatic expression and function of uridine diphosphate glucuronosyltransferases (UGTs) remains unclear. Using primary human hepatocytes, we evaluated the effect of PRH exposure on mRNA levels and protein concentrations of UGT1A1, UGT2B7, and other key UGT enzymes, and on the metabolism of labetalol (a UGT1A1 and UGT2B7 substrate commonly prescribed to treat hypertensive disorders of pregnancy). Sandwich-cultured human hepatocytes (SCHH) from female donors were exposed to the PRH estradiol, estriol, estetrol, progesterone, and cortisol individually or in combination. We quantified protein concentrations of UGT1A1, UGT2B7, and four additional UGT1A isoforms in SCHH membrane fractions and evaluated the metabolism of labetalol to its glucuronide metabolites in SCHH. PRH exposure increased mRNA levels and protein concentrations of UGT1A1 and UGT1A4 in SCHH. PRH exposure also significantly increased labetalol metabolism to its UGT1A1-derived glucuronide metabolite in a concentration-dependent manner, which positively correlated with PRH-induced changes in UGT1A1 protein concentrations. In contrast, PRH did not alter UGT2B7 mRNA levels or protein concentrations in SCHH, and formation of the UGT2B7-derived labetalol glucuronide metabolite was decreased following PRH exposure. Our findings demonstrate that PRH alter expression and function of UGT proteins in an isoform-specific manner and increase UGT1A1-mediated labetalol metabolism in human hepatocytes by inducing UGT1A1 protein concentrations. These results provide mechanistic insight into the increases in labetalol clearance observed in pregnant individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raju Khatri
- Division of Pharmacotherapy and Experimental Therapeutics, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - John K. Fallon
- Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Craig Sykes
- Division of Pharmacotherapy and Experimental Therapeutics, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Natasha Kulick
- Division of Pharmacotherapy and Experimental Therapeutics, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Rebecca J. B. Rementer
- Division of Pharmacotherapy and Experimental Therapeutics, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Taryn A. Miner
- Division of Pharmacotherapy and Experimental Therapeutics, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Amanda P. Schauer
- Division of Pharmacotherapy and Experimental Therapeutics, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Angela D. M. Kashuba
- Division of Pharmacotherapy and Experimental Therapeutics, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Kim A. Boggess
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, UNC School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Kim L. R. Brouwer
- Division of Pharmacotherapy and Experimental Therapeutics, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Philip C. Smith
- Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Craig R. Lee
- Division of Pharmacotherapy and Experimental Therapeutics, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
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Newman M, Curran DA, Mayfield BP. Dried urine and salivary profiling for complete assessment of cortisol and cortisol metabolites. J Clin Transl Endocrinol 2020; 22:100243. [PMID: 33354516 PMCID: PMC7744704 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcte.2020.100243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Revised: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 10/29/2022] Open
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Wang Y, Narayanapillai SC, Tessier KM, Strayer LG, Upadhyaya P, Hu Q, Kingston R, Salloum RG, Lu J, Hecht SS, Hatsukami DK, Fujioka N, Xing C. The Impact of One-week Dietary Supplementation with Kava on Biomarkers of Tobacco Use and Nitrosamine-based Carcinogenesis Risk among Active Smokers. Cancer Prev Res (Phila) 2020; 13:483-492. [PMID: 32102948 DOI: 10.1158/1940-6207.capr-19-0501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Revised: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Tobacco smoking is the primary risk factor for lung cancer, driven by the addictive nature of nicotine and the indisputable carcinogenicity of 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK) as well as other compounds. The integration of lung cancer chemoprevention with smoking cessation is one potential approach to reduce this risk and mitigate lung cancer mortality. Experimental data from our group suggest that kava, commonly consumed in the South Pacific Islands as a beverage to promote relaxation, may reduce lung cancer risk by enhancing NNK detoxification and reducing NNK-derived DNA damage. Building upon these observations, we conducted a pilot clinical trial to evaluate the effects of a 7-day course of kava on NNK metabolism in active smokers. The primary objective was to compare urinary total 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanol (NNAL plus its glucuronides, major metabolites of NNK) before and after kava administration as an indicator of NNK detoxification. Secondary objectives included determining kava's safety, its effects on DNA damage, tobacco use, and cortisol (a biomarker of stress). Kava increased urinary excretion of total NNAL and reduced urinary 3-methyladenine in participants, suggestive of its ability to reduce the carcinogenicity of NNK. Kava also reduced urinary total nicotine equivalents, indicative of its potential to facilitate tobacco cessation. Plasma cortisol and urinary total cortisol equivalents were reduced upon kava use, which may contribute to reductions in tobacco use. These results demonstrate the potential of kava intake to reduce lung cancer risk among smokers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Wang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | | | - Katelyn M Tessier
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Lori G Strayer
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Pramod Upadhyaya
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Qi Hu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Rick Kingston
- College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Ramzi G Salloum
- Department of Health Outcome & Biomedical Informatics, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Junxuan Lu
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Institute, Penn State, Hershey, Pennsylvania
| | - Stephen S Hecht
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Dorothy K Hatsukami
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Naomi Fujioka
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota. .,Division of Hematology, Oncology and Transplantation, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Chengguo Xing
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida.
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Nakamura M, Moritsuna M, Yuda K, Fujimura S, Sugiura Y, Shimma S, Nishimoto K, Nishikawa T, Suematsu M, Ogawa S, Higashi T. Quantitative MALDI-MS/MS assay for serum cortisol through charged derivatization. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2020; 178:112912. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2019.112912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Revised: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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