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Abdullah Z, Chee HY, Yusof R, Mohd Fauzi F. Finding Lead Compounds for Dengue Antivirals from a Collection of Old Drugs through In Silico Target Prediction and Subsequent In Vitro Validation. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:32483-32497. [PMID: 37720780 PMCID: PMC10500654 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c02607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023]
Abstract
Dengue virus (DENV) infection is one of the most widely spread flavivirus infections. Despite the fatality it could cause, no antiviral treatment is currently available to treat the disease. Hence, this study aimed to repurpose old drugs as novel DENV NS3 inhibitors. Ligand-based (L-B) and proteochemometric (PCM) prediction models were built using 62,354 bioactivity data to screen for potential NS3 inhibitors. Selected drugs were then subjected to the foci forming unit reduction assay (FFURA) and protease inhibition assay. Finally, molecular docking was performed to validate these results. The in silico studies revealed that both models performed well in the internal and external validations. However, the L-B model showed better accuracy in the external validation in terms of its sensitivity (0.671). In the in vitro validation, all drugs (zileuton, trimethadione, and linalool) were able to moderately inhibit the viral activities at the highest concentration tested. Zileuton showed comparable results with linalool when tested at 2 mM against the DENV NS3 protease, with a reduction of protease activity at 17.89 and 18.42%, respectively. Two new compounds were also proposed through the combination of the selected drugs, which are ziltri (zilueton + trimethadione) and zilool (zileuton + linalool). The molecular docking study confirms the in vitro observations where all drugs and proposed compounds were able to achieve binding affinity ≥ -4.1 kcal/mol, with ziltri showing the highest affinity at -7.7 kcal/mol, surpassing the control, panduratin A. The occupation of both S1 and S2 subpockets of NS2B-NS3 may be essential and a reason for the lower binding energy shown by the proposed compounds compared to the screened drugs. Based on the results, this study provided five potential new lead compounds (ziltri, zilool, zileuton, linalool, and trimethadione) for DENV that could be modified further.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zafirah
Liyana Abdullah
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Life Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Teknologi MARA Selangor, Puncak Alam Campus, 42300 Bandar Puncak Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Hui-Yee Chee
- Department
of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Rohana Yusof
- Department
of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Fazlin Mohd Fauzi
- Department
of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, UiTM Selangor, Puncak Alam Campus, 42300 Bandar Puncak Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
- Collaborative
Drug Discovery Research, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Teknologi MARA Selangor, Puncak Alam Campus, 42300 Bandar Puncak Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
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Dharmapalan BT, Biswas R, Sankaran S, Venkidasamy B, Thiruvengadam M, George G, Rebezov M, Zengin G, Gallo M, Montesano D, Naviglio D, Shariati MA. Inhibitory Potential of Chromene Derivatives on Structural and Non-Structural Proteins of Dengue Virus. Viruses 2022; 14:v14122656. [PMID: 36560664 PMCID: PMC9787897 DOI: 10.3390/v14122656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Dengue fever is a mosquito-borne viral disease that has become a serious health issue across the globe. It is caused by a virus of the Flaviviridae family, and it comprises five different serotypes (DENV-1 to DENV-5). As there is no specific medicine or effective vaccine for controlling dengue fever, there is an urgent need to develop potential inhibitors against it. Traditionally, various natural products have been used to manage dengue fever and its co-morbid conditions. A detailed analysis of these plants revealed the presence of various chromene derivatives as the major phytochemicals. Inspired by these observations, authors have critically analyzed the anti-dengue virus potential of various 4H chromene derivatives. Further, in silico, in vitro, and in vivo reports of these scaffolds against the dengue virus are detailed in the present manuscript. These analogues exerted their activity by interfering with various stages of viral entry, assembly, and replications. Moreover, these analogues mainly target envelope protein, NS2B-NS3 protease, and NS5 RNA-dependent RNA polymerase, etc. Overall, chromene-containing analogues exerted a potent activity against the dengue virus and the present review will be helpful for the further exploration of these scaffolds for the development of novel antiviral drug candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Babitha Thekkiniyedath Dharmapalan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Amrita School of Pharmacy, AIMS Health Sciences Campus, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kochi 682041, India
| | - Raja Biswas
- Centre for Nanosciences and Molecular Medicine, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kochi 682041, India
| | - Sathianarayanan Sankaran
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Karpagam Academy of Higher Education, Karpagam University, Pollachi Main Road, Eachanari Post, Coimbatore 641021, India
- Correspondence: (S.S.); (G.G.); (M.G.)
| | - Baskar Venkidasamy
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai 600077, India
| | - Muthu Thiruvengadam
- Department of Applied Bioscience, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Ginson George
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Amrita School of Pharmacy, AIMS Health Sciences Campus, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kochi 682041, India
- Correspondence: (S.S.); (G.G.); (M.G.)
| | - Maksim Rebezov
- Department of Scientific Research, K.G. Razumovsky Moscow State University of Technologies and Management (The First Cossack University), 73 Zemlyanoy Val, 109004 Moscow, Russia
- Department of Scientific Research, Russian State Agrarian University—Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural Academy, 49 Timiryazevskaya Str., 127550 Moscow, Russia
- Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Ural State Agricultural University, 42 Karl Liebknecht Str., 620075 Yekaterinburg, Russia
| | - Gokhan Zengin
- Department of Biology, Science Faculty, Selcuk University, Konya 42130, Turkey
| | - Monica Gallo
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, Via Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
- Correspondence: (S.S.); (G.G.); (M.G.)
| | - Domenico Montesano
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Daniele Naviglio
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cintia 4, 80126 Naples, Italy
| | - Mohammad Ali Shariati
- Department of Scientific Research, K.G. Razumovsky Moscow State University of Technologies and Management (The First Cossack University), 73 Zemlyanoy Val, 109004 Moscow, Russia
- Department of Scientific Research, Russian State Agrarian University—Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural Academy, 49 Timiryazevskaya Str., 127550 Moscow, Russia
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S AH, Pujar GV, Sethu AK, Bhagyalalitha M, Singh M. Dengue structural proteins as antiviral drug targets: Current status in the drug discovery & development. Eur J Med Chem 2021; 221:113527. [PMID: 34020338 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2021.113527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Revised: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Dengue virus belongs to the class of RNA viruses and subclass of enveloped single-stranded positive-sense RNA virus. It causes dengue fever (DF), dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF), or dengue shock syndrome (DSS), where DHF and DSS are life-threatening. Even though dengue is an age-old disease, it is still a mystery and continues to be a global threat. Numerous attempts have been carried out in the past few decades to eradicate the virus through vaccine and antiviral drugs, but still battle continues. In this review, the possible drug targets for discovery and development of potential antiviral drugs against structural proteins of dengue virus, the current development status of the antiviral drugs against dengue around the world, and challenges that need to be addressed to overcome the shortcomings in the process of drug discovery have been discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akshatha H S
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Sri Shivarathreeshwara Nagara, Mysuru, 570015, India
| | - Gurubasavaraj V Pujar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Sri Shivarathreeshwara Nagara, Mysuru, 570015, India.
| | - Arun Kumar Sethu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Sri Shivarathreeshwara Nagara, Mysuru, 570015, India
| | - Meduri Bhagyalalitha
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Sri Shivarathreeshwara Nagara, Mysuru, 570015, India
| | - Manisha Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Sri Shivarathreeshwara Nagara, Mysuru, 570015, India
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Harapan H, Michie A, Sasmono RT, Imrie A. Dengue: A Minireview. Viruses 2020; 12:v12080829. [PMID: 32751561 PMCID: PMC7472303 DOI: 10.3390/v12080829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Revised: 06/14/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Dengue, caused by infection of any of four dengue virus serotypes (DENV-1 to DENV-4), is a mosquito-borne disease of major public health concern associated with significant morbidity, mortality, and economic cost, particularly in developing countries. Dengue incidence has increased 30-fold in the last 50 years and over 50% of the world’s population, in more than 100 countries, live in areas at risk of DENV infection. We reviews DENV biology, epidemiology, transmission dynamics including circulating serotypes and genotypes, the immune response, the pathogenesis of the disease as well as updated diagnostic methods, treatments, vector control and vaccine developments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harapan Harapan
- Medical Research Unit, School of Medicine, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, Aceh 23111, Indonesia
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, Aceh 23111, Indonesia
- Tropical Disease Centre, School of Medicine, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, Aceh 23111, Indonesia
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia;
- Correspondence: (H.H.); (A.I.); Tel.: +62-(0)-651-7551843 (H.H.)
| | - Alice Michie
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia;
| | - R. Tedjo Sasmono
- Eijkman Institute for Molecular Biology, Jakarta 10430, Indonesia;
| | - Allison Imrie
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia;
- Correspondence: (H.H.); (A.I.); Tel.: +62-(0)-651-7551843 (H.H.)
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Hernandez-Morales I, Van Loock M. An Industry Perspective on Dengue Drug Discovery and Development. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2018; 1062:333-353. [DOI: 10.1007/978-981-10-8727-1_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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