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Qian YW, Guo YQ, Li YL, Wang Y, Guo S, Niu QQ, Zhu ML, Li P. The antihypertensive effect of Alizarin is achieved by activating VEGFR2/eNOS pathway, attenuating oxidative stress-induced mitochondrial damage and premature senescence. Life Sci 2024; 351:122862. [PMID: 38917872 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2024.122862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Revised: 05/10/2024] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024]
Abstract
The primary and initial manifestations of hypertension encompass arterial hypoelasticity and histiocyte senescence. Oxidative stress plays a pivotal role in the progression of senescence. Elevated intracellular oxidative stress levels will directly induce cell damage, disrupt normal physiological signal transduction, which can cause mitochondrial dysfunction to accelerate the process of senescence. Alizarin, an anthraquinone active ingredient isolated from Rubia cordifolia L., has a variety of pharmacological effects, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-platelet. Nevertheless, its potential in lowering blood pressure (BP) and mitigating hypertension-induced vascular senescence remains uncertain. In this study, we used spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) to establish a model of vascular senescence in hypertension. Our aim was to elucidate the mechanisms underpinning the vascular protective effects of Alizarin. By assessing systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP), H&E staining, SA-β-Gal staining, vascular function, oxidative stress levels, calcium ion concentration and mitochondrial membrane potential, we found that Alizarin not only restored SBP and increased endothelium-dependent relaxation (EDR) in SHR, but also inhibited oxidative stress-induced mitochondrial damage and significantly delayed the vascular senescence effect in hypertension, and the mechanism may be related to the activation of VEGFR2/eNOS signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Wen Qian
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Basic Medicine and Forensic Medicine, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471000, China
| | - Ya-Qi Guo
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Drug Intervention, College of Pharmacy, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang 453003, China
| | - Yin-Lan Li
- College of Pharmacy, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Heilongjiang 150040, China
| | - Yang Wang
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Drug Intervention, College of Pharmacy, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang 453003, China
| | - Shuang Guo
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Diabetes and Angiopathy, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning 437100, China
| | - Qian-Qian Niu
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Drug Intervention, College of Pharmacy, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang 453003, China
| | - Mo-Li Zhu
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Drug Intervention, College of Pharmacy, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang 453003, China.
| | - Peng Li
- Henan International Joint Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Drug Intervention, College of Pharmacy, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang 453003, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Diabetes and Angiopathy, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning 437100, China.
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Zhu ML, Fan JX, Guo YQ, Guo LJ, Que HD, Cui BY, Li YL, Guo S, Zhang MX, Yin YL, Li P. Protective effect of alizarin on vascular endothelial dysfunction via inhibiting the type 2 diabetes-induced synthesis of THBS1 and activating the AMPK signaling pathway. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 128:155557. [PMID: 38547622 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2024.155557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2023] [Revised: 03/03/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In this study, we investigated the protective effects of alizarin (AZ) on endothelial dysfunction (ED). AZ has inhibition of the type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM)-induced synthesis of thrombospondin 1 (THBS1). Adenosine 5'-monophosphate- activated protein kinase (AMPK), particularly AMPKα2 isoform, plays a critical role in maintaining cardiac homeostasis. PURPOSE The aim of this study was to investigate the ameliorative effect of AZ on vascular injury caused by T2DM and to reveal the potential mechanism of AZ in high glucose (HG)-stimulated human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and diabetic model rats. STUDY DESIGN HUVECs, rats and AMPK-/- transgenic mice were used to investigate the mitigating effects of AZ on vascular endothelial dysfunction caused by T2DM and its in vitro and in vivo molecular mechanisms. METHODS In type 2 diabetes mellitus rats and HUVECs, the inhibitory effect of alizarin on THBS1 synthesis was verified by immunohistochemistry (IHC), immunofluorescence (IF) and Western blot (WB) so that increase endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) content in vitro and in vivo. In addition, we verified protein interactions with immunoprecipitation (IP). To probe the mechanism, we also performed AMPKα2 transfection. AMPK's pivotal role in AZ-mediated prevention against T2DM-induced vascular endothelial dysfunction was tested using AMPKα2-/- mice. RESULTS We first demonstrated that THBS1 and AMPK are targets of AZ. In T2DM, THBS1 was robustly induced by high glucose and inhibited by AZ. Furthermore, AZ activates the AMPK signaling pathway, and recoupled eNOS in stressed endothelial cells which plays a protective role in vascular endothelial dysfunction. CONCLUSIONS The main finding of this study is that AZ can play a role in different pathways of vascular injury due to T2DM. Mechanistically, alizarin inhibits the increase in THBS1 protein synthesis after high glucose induction and activates AMPKα2, which increases NO release from eNOS, which is essential in the prevention of vascular endothelial dysfunction caused by T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mo-Li Zhu
- Henan international joint laboratory of cardiovascular remodeling and drug intervention, Sino-UK Joint Laboratory of Brain Function and Injury and Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, China
| | - Jia-Xin Fan
- Henan international joint laboratory of cardiovascular remodeling and drug intervention, Sino-UK Joint Laboratory of Brain Function and Injury and Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, China
| | - Ya-Qi Guo
- Henan international joint laboratory of cardiovascular remodeling and drug intervention, Sino-UK Joint Laboratory of Brain Function and Injury and Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, China
| | - Li-Juan Guo
- Department of Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453119, China
| | - Hua-Dong Que
- Henan international joint laboratory of cardiovascular remodeling and drug intervention, Sino-UK Joint Laboratory of Brain Function and Injury and Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, China
| | - Bao-Yue Cui
- Henan international joint laboratory of cardiovascular remodeling and drug intervention, Sino-UK Joint Laboratory of Brain Function and Injury and Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, China
| | - Yin-Lan Li
- College of Pharmacy, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Heilongjiang, 150040, China
| | - Shuang Guo
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Diabetes and Angiopathy, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, 437100, China
| | - Ming-Xiang Zhang
- Henan international joint laboratory of cardiovascular remodeling and drug intervention, Sino-UK Joint Laboratory of Brain Function and Injury and Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, China
| | - Ya-Ling Yin
- Henan international joint laboratory of cardiovascular remodeling and drug intervention, Sino-UK Joint Laboratory of Brain Function and Injury and Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, China.
| | - Peng Li
- Henan international joint laboratory of cardiovascular remodeling and drug intervention, Sino-UK Joint Laboratory of Brain Function and Injury and Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Diabetes and Angiopathy, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, 437100, China.
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Xia W, Li S, Li L, Zhang S, Wang X, Ding W, Ding L, Zhang X, Wang Z. Role of anthraquinones in combating insulin resistance. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1275430. [PMID: 38053837 PMCID: PMC10694622 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1275430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Insulin resistance presents a formidable public health challenge that is intricately linked to the onset and progression of various chronic ailments, including diabetes, cardiovascular disease, hypertension, metabolic syndrome, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, and cancer. Effectively addressing insulin resistance is paramount in preventing and managing these metabolic disorders. Natural herbal remedies show promise in combating insulin resistance, with anthraquinone extracts garnering attention for their role in enhancing insulin sensitivity and treating diabetes. Anthraquinones are believed to ameliorate insulin resistance through diverse pathways, encompassing activation of the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) signaling pathway, restoration of insulin signal transduction, attenuation of inflammatory pathways, and modulation of gut microbiota. This comprehensive review aims to consolidate the potential anthraquinone compounds that exert beneficial effects on insulin resistance, elucidating the underlying mechanisms responsible for their therapeutic impact. The evidence discussed in this review points toward the potential utilization of anthraquinones as a promising therapeutic strategy to combat insulin resistance and its associated metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanru Xia
- Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Shuqian Li
- Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - LinZehao Li
- Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Shibo Zhang
- Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Xiaolei Wang
- Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Wenyu Ding
- Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Lina Ding
- Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Xiandang Zhang
- Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Zhibin Wang
- Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
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Fang H, Tian L, Ye N, Zhang S. Alizarin enhancement of the abundance of ARGs and impacts on the microbial community in water. WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY : A JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION ON WATER POLLUTION RESEARCH 2023; 87:2250-2264. [PMID: 37186628 PMCID: wst_2023_138 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2023.138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Alizarin, a dyestuff from herbs, showed effective inhibition effects on pathogenic bacteria, and thus has been frequently used in the world as the main alternative to antibiotics in the treatment of inflammations and pathogen infections. However, it was unclear whether alizarin played key a role in antibiotic-induced antibiotic-resistant gene (ARG) alterations and impacted microbial community shifts in aquatic environments. In this study, the effects of alizarin or co-exposure of alizarin with antibiotics on the fate of ARGs, class 1 integron-integrase gene (intI1), and microbial populations in lake water were investigated, and the potential hosts for ARGs were analyzed. The results showed that the absolute abundance of 16s rRNA gene, ARGs (tetA, tetC, and qnrS), and intI1 were increased during the treatment of alizarin. The combination of alizarin and antibiotics was superior to alizarin in its ability to promote population growth of bacteria and induce ARGs. Additionally, alizarin more significantly altered the community composition of microorganisms in water, which resulted in differences in bacterial communities and functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Fang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control (AEMPC), Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology (CIC-AEET), Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China E-mail:
| | - Lingyun Tian
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control (AEMPC), Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology (CIC-AEET), Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China E-mail:
| | - Nan Ye
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control (AEMPC), Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology (CIC-AEET), Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China E-mail:
| | - Shuai Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control (AEMPC), Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology (CIC-AEET), Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China E-mail:
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Liu Z, Meng L, Wang M, Wang L, Liu Y, Hou G, Li S, Kang W. New iridoids from Patrinia scabiosaefolia and their hypoglycemic effects by activating PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. Fitoterapia 2023; 165:105423. [PMID: 36608711 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2022.105423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Growing in regions of Asia and North America, Patrinia scabiosaefolia is a wild vegetable and herb that has demonstrated health-promoting properties. Iridoids are one of the most bioactive phytochemicals in P. scabiosaefolia but the in-depth study is scarce. Herein we reported the separation and characterization of nine iridoids (compounds 1-9) from P. scabiosaefolia, and two compounds (2 and 6) were new. All the structures of the nine iridoids were characterized and confirmed with NMR (1D & 2D), HRMS, IR and UV. Compound 2 is a five-member ring iridoid, reminiscent of a broken C-1 and C-2 bond. Compound 6 has a typical monoene valerian iridoid, but the 5-deoxyglucose moiety at C-11 position is uncommon in this genus. The anti-diabetic evaluation of the isolated compounds revealed that compounds 1, 2, and 9 significantly increased the glucose absorption in 3 T3-L1 cells (P < 0.01). Further mechanism investigations have demonstrated that compound 1 promoted glucose uptake in dexamethasone-treated 3 T3-L1 adipocytes by activating PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. The expression of GLUT4 mRNA and protein was also upregulated. These results provide scientific references for the potential use of P. scabiosaefolia as a functional food to manage hyperglycemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenhua Liu
- National R & D Center for Edible Fungus Processing Technology, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China; Shenzhen Research Institute of Henan University, Shenzhen 518000, China
| | - Lijun Meng
- National R & D Center for Edible Fungus Processing Technology, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China; Functional Food Engineering Technology Research Center, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Mengke Wang
- National R & D Center for Edible Fungus Processing Technology, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China; Functional Food Engineering Technology Research Center, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Li Wang
- National R & D Center for Edible Fungus Processing Technology, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Food & Medicine Resource Function, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Yuhang Liu
- National R & D Center for Edible Fungus Processing Technology, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Food & Medicine Resource Function, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Gaixia Hou
- National R & D Center for Edible Fungus Processing Technology, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China; College of Physical Education, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China.
| | - Shiming Li
- National R & D Center for Edible Fungus Processing Technology, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China.
| | - Wenyi Kang
- National R & D Center for Edible Fungus Processing Technology, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China; Shenzhen Research Institute of Henan University, Shenzhen 518000, China; Functional Food Engineering Technology Research Center, Kaifeng 475004, China.
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Seo SW, Han DG, Baek YM, Park MC, Yoo JW, Jung Y, Maeng HJ, Myung H, Yoon IS. Investigation of the factors responsible for the low oral bioavailability of alizarin using a sensitive LC-MS/MS method: In vitro, in situ, and in vivo evaluations. Drug Dev Res 2023; 84:579-591. [PMID: 36811607 DOI: 10.1002/ddr.22047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/28/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
Alizarin (1,2-dihydroxyanthraquinone) is an anthraquinone reddish dye widely used for painting and textile dyeing. As the biological activity of alizarin has recently attracted increasing attention from researchers, its therapeutic potential as complementary and alternative medicine is of interest. However, no systematic research has been conducted on the biopharmaceutical and pharmacokinetic aspects of alizarin. Therefore, this study aimed to comprehensively investigate the oral absorption and intestinal/hepatic metabolism of alizarin using a simple and sensitive tandem mass spectrometry method developed and validated in-house. The present method for the bioanalysis of alizarin has merits, including a simple pretreatment procedure, small sample volume, and adequate sensitivity. Alizarin exhibited pH-dependent moderate lipophilicity and low solubility with limited intestinal luminal stability. Based on the in vivo pharmacokinetic data, the hepatic extraction ratio of alizarin was estimated to be 0.165-0.264, classified as a low level of hepatic extraction. In an in situ loop study, considerable fractions (28.2%-56.4%) of the alizarin dose were significantly absorbed in gut segments from the duodenum to ileum, suggesting that alizarin may be classified as the Biopharmaceutical Classification System class II. An in vitro metabolism study using rat and human hepatic S9 fractions revealed that glucuronidation and sulfation, but not NADPH-mediated phase I reactions and methylation, are significantly involved in the hepatic metabolism of alizarin. Taken together, it can be estimated that the fractions of oral alizarin dose unabsorbed from the gut lumen and eliminated by the gut and liver before reaching the systemic circulation are 43.6%-76.7%, 0.474%-36.3%, and 3.77%-5.31% of the dose, respectively, resulting in a low oral bioavailability of 16.8%. Therefore, the oral bioavailability of alizarin depends primarily on its chemical degradation in the gut lumen and secondarily on first-pass metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seong-Wook Seo
- Department of Manufacturing Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy and Research Institute for Drug Development, Pusan National University, Busan, South Korea
| | - Dong-Gyun Han
- Department of Manufacturing Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy and Research Institute for Drug Development, Pusan National University, Busan, South Korea
| | - Young Mee Baek
- Cultural Heritage Preservation Research Institute, Pusan National University, Busan, South Korea
| | - Min Chul Park
- College of Pharmacy and Inje Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, Inje University, Gimhae, South Korea
| | - Jin-Wook Yoo
- Department of Manufacturing Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy and Research Institute for Drug Development, Pusan National University, Busan, South Korea
| | - Yunjin Jung
- Department of Manufacturing Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy and Research Institute for Drug Development, Pusan National University, Busan, South Korea
| | - Han-Joo Maeng
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Gachon University, Incheon, South Korea
| | - Heejoon Myung
- LyseNTech Co., Ltd., Seongnam-si, Gyunggi, South Korea.,Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hankuk University of Foreign Studies, Yongin-si, Gyunggi, South Korea
| | - In-Soo Yoon
- Department of Manufacturing Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy and Research Institute for Drug Development, Pusan National University, Busan, South Korea
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Yang GJ, Tao F, Zhong HJ, Yang C, Chen J. Targeting PGAM1 in cancer: An emerging therapeutic opportunity. Eur J Med Chem 2022; 244:114798. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2022.114798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Revised: 09/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Sayed TS, Maayah ZH, Zeidan HA, Agouni A, Korashy HM. Insight into the physiological and pathological roles of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor pathway in glucose homeostasis, insulin resistance, and diabetes development. Cell Mol Biol Lett 2022; 27:103. [PMID: 36418969 PMCID: PMC9682773 DOI: 10.1186/s11658-022-00397-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) is a ligand-activated transcriptional factor that mediates the toxicities of several environmental pollutants. Decades of research have been carried out to understand the role of AhR as a novel mechanism for disease development. Its involvement in the pathogenesis of cancer, cardiovascular diseases, rheumatoid arthritis, and systemic lupus erythematosus have long been known. One of the current hot research topics is investigating the role of AhR activation by environmental pollutants on glucose homeostasis and insulin secretion, and hence the pathogenesis of diabetes mellitus. To date, epidemiological studies have suggested that persistent exposure to environmental contaminants such as dioxins, with subsequent AhR activation increases the risk of specific comorbidities such as obesity and diabetes. The importance of AhR signaling in various molecular pathways highlights that the role of this receptor is far beyond just xenobiotic metabolism. The present review aims at providing significant insight into the physiological and pathological role of AhR and its regulated enzymes, such as cytochrome P450 1A1 (CYP1A1) and CYP1B1 in both types of diabetes. It also provides a comprehensive summary of the current findings of recent research studies investigating the role of the AhR/CYP1A1 pathway in insulin secretion and glucose hemostasis in the pancreas, liver, and adipose tissues. This review further highlights the molecular mechanisms involved, such as gluconeogenesis, hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF), oxidative stress, and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tahseen S. Sayed
- grid.412603.20000 0004 0634 1084Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, QU Health, Qatar University, 2713, Doha, Qatar
| | - Zaid H. Maayah
- grid.412603.20000 0004 0634 1084Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, QU Health, Qatar University, 2713, Doha, Qatar
| | - Heba A. Zeidan
- grid.498552.70000 0004 0409 8340American School of Doha, Doha, Qatar
| | - Abdelali Agouni
- grid.412603.20000 0004 0634 1084Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, QU Health, Qatar University, 2713, Doha, Qatar
| | - Hesham M. Korashy
- grid.412603.20000 0004 0634 1084Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, QU Health, Qatar University, 2713, Doha, Qatar
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Lu YC, Kuan YH, Lin CY, Chou YT, Chen SC, Gao GL, Hsu CW, Su JGJ. Alizarin as a New Activator of the Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor Signaling Pathway. Nat Prod Commun 2022. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x221136669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Alizarin (1,2-dihydroxyanthraquinone) is a natural red dye extracted from the roots of Rubia cordifolia L. (family Rubiaceae). Alizarin has been used as a biological red stain for calcium. The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) has critical roles in multiple physiological pathways. This study aimed to determine whether alizarin is an unreported ligand of AhR. In the present study, we investigated the effects on cytochrome P450 (CYP) 1A1 mRNA, protein expression, AhR nuclear translocation, aryl hydrocarbon response element (AHRE) reporter activity, and AhR-specific antagonist following alizarin treatment of cells of the human hepatoma cell line, HepG2, and murine hepatoma cell line, Hepa-1c1c7. Alizarin induced CYP1A1 mRNA and protein expression in HepG2 and Hep-1c1c7 cells. Such induction was not present in C4 (B13NBii1) cells, which are AhR signal deficient, C12 (B15ECiii2) cells, which reduce AhR protein levels. The alizarin-induced responses were blocked by CH-223191, which is an AhR antagonist. Alizarin, the same as with the AhR ligand, induced the nuclear localization of AhR, as well as stimulated the transcriptional activity of AHRE. The results of this study suggest that alizarin is an AhR agonist.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin-Che Lu
- Department of Hematology-Oncology, Ditmanson Medical Foundation Chia-Yi Christian Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan
- Min-Hwei Junior College of Health Care Management, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Hsiang Kuan
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Pharmacy, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Yi Lin
- Department of Biochemical Science and Technology, National Chiayi University, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ting Chou
- Department of Biochemical Science and Technology, National Chiayi University, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Shan-Chun Chen
- Department of Biochemical Science and Technology, National Chiayi University, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Guan-Lun Gao
- Department of Biochemical Science and Technology, National Chiayi University, Chiayi, Taiwan
- Department of Biological Resources, National Chiayi University, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Chiang Wei Hsu
- Department of Biochemical Science and Technology, National Chiayi University, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Jyan-Gwo Joseph Su
- Department of Biochemical Science and Technology, National Chiayi University, Chiayi, Taiwan
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Wen M, Chen Q, Chen W, Yang J, Zhou X, Zhang C, Wu A, Lai J, Chen J, Mei Q, Yang S, Lan C, Wu J, Huang F, Wang L. A comprehensive review of Rubia cordifolia L.: Traditional uses, phytochemistry, pharmacological activities, and clinical applications. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:965390. [PMID: 36160419 PMCID: PMC9500525 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.965390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Rubia cordifolia (family: Rubiaceae) L (R. cordifolia) is a perennial botanical drug climbing vine. As the main part of the traditional Chinese medicine, the rhizome has a long history. A great number of literary studies have reported that it can be used for the improvement of blood circulation, hemostasis, activation of collaterals, etc. When it comes to the wide application of R. cordifolia in traditional medicine, we systematically review its traditional uses, phytochemistry and pharmacological effects. Literatures were systematically searched using several scientific databases, including China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Baidu Scholar, PubMed, Web of Science, and other professional websites. Kew Botanical Garden and the iPlant were used for obtaining the scientific names and plant images of R. cordifolia. In addition, other information was also gathered from books including traditional Chinese herbal medicine, the Chinese Pharmacopoeia, and Chinese Materia Medica. So far, many prescriptions containing R. cordifolia have been widely used in the clinical treatment of abnormal uterine bleeding, primary dysmenorrhea and other gynecological diseases, allergic purpura, renal hemorrhage and other diseases. The phytochemistry studies have reported that more than 100 compounds are found in R. cordifolia, such as bicyclic peptides, terpenes, polysaccharides, trace elements, flavonoids, and quinones. Among them, quinones and peptides are the types of components with the highest contents in R. cordifolia. The modern pharmacological studies have revealed that R. cordifolia and its derived components have anti-tumor, anti-oxidative, anti-platelet aggregation, and anti-inflammatory effects. However, most studies are preclinical. The pharmacological mechanism of R. cordifolia has not been thoroughly studied. In addition, there are few pharmacokinetic and toxicity studies of R. cordifolia, therefore the clinical safety data for R. cordifolia is lacking. To sum up, this review for the first time summarizes a systemic and integrated traditional uses, chemical compositions, pharmacological actions and clinical applications of R. cordifolia, which provides the novel and full-scale insight for the drug development, medicinal value, and application of R. cordifolia in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Wen
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Qi Chen
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Wang Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Jing Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Xiaogang Zhou
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Chunxiang Zhang
- Institute of Cardiovascular Research, The Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education of China, Medical Key Laboratory for Drug Discovery and Druggability Evaluation of Sichuan Province, Luzhou, China
| | - Anguo Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Jia Lai
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Jianping Chen
- School of Chinese Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Qibing Mei
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Shuo Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Cai Lan
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Jianming Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- Institute of Cardiovascular Research, The Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education of China, Medical Key Laboratory for Drug Discovery and Druggability Evaluation of Sichuan Province, Luzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Jianming Wu, ; Feihong Huang, ; Long Wang,
| | - Feihong Huang
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Jianming Wu, ; Feihong Huang, ; Long Wang,
| | - Long Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Jianming Wu, ; Feihong Huang, ; Long Wang,
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Huang R, Lu Y, Xie Z, Yang X, Ou Y. A bovine milk-derived peptide ameliorates alloxan-injured pancreatic β cells through IRS2/PI3K/Akt signaling. Life Sci 2022; 308:120907. [PMID: 36037870 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.120907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Lacto-ghrestatin is abovine milk-derived peptide with the sequence of LIVTQTMKG, named LGP9 here. This study aimed to investigate protective effects of LGP9 on diabetic β cells in vivo and in vitro. METHODS AND RESULTS Type-1-diabetic (T1D) mice were generated by alloxan (ALX; 50 mg/kg, i.v.) and received a four-week treatment schedule of LGP9 at 0.3 mg/kg and 1 mg/kg. Related biochemical parameters were analyzed, and the protein expression was evaluated by Western blotting. The results showed that LGP9 decreased body weight, water consumption and blood glucose, improved oxygen stress and upregulated IRS2/PI3K/Akt signaling in the pancreas of T1D mice. To further investigate the mechanism of LGP9 on the preventive effect of the pancreas, Rin-m5f cells were treated with 15 mM alloxan and followed with LGP9 at 30 μM and 90 μM. The results indicated that LGP9 rebalanced oxygen stress levels, increased cell proliferation, decreased cell apoptosis and activated IRS2/PI3K/Akt signaling. CONCLUSION LGP9 ameliorated alloxan-injured pancreatic β cells through IRS2/PI3K/Akt signaling. The finding provides important help for the research and development of LGP9 in therapeutics of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongrong Huang
- School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China.
| | - Yunbiao Lu
- School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China.
| | - Zhifei Xie
- School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Xuegan Yang
- School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Yu Ou
- School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China.
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Jia RB, Li ZR, Lin L, Luo D, Chen C, Zhao M. The potential mechanisms of Macrocystis pyrifera polysaccharides mitigating type 2 diabetes in rats. Food Funct 2022; 13:7918-7929. [PMID: 35789357 DOI: 10.1039/d2fo01083f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
Our previous studies have proved that the anti-digestive polysaccharide from Macrocystis pyrifera possesses potential hypoglycemic and lipid-lowering activities; however, its potential mechanisms for improving diabetes have not been elucidated. The current study was aimed to determine the anti-diabetic effects and possible mechanisms of Macrocystis pyrifera polysaccharides (MPP) in diabetic rats. After 8-week MPP treatment, the serum profiles, gut bacteria composition and relative gene expressions of rats were determined. MPP administration effectively ameliorated the diabetic symptoms, dyslipidemia, liver and kidney damage, oxidative stress and chronic inflammation in diabetic rats. In addition, MPP treatment could also notably improve the microbial dysbiosis by increasing the beneficial bacteria and decreasing a bacterial pathogen in the diabetic rats. The RT-qPCR analysis indicated that MPP intervention significantly up-regulated the IRS/PI3K/AKT signaling pathway and down-regulated the relative expressions of glucose-6-phosphatase (G-6-Pase), phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK), acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC), hydroxymethylglutaryl CoA reductase (HMGCR) and sterol regulatory element binding protein 1c (SREBP-1c) in diabetic rats. These results demonstrated that MPP had the potential to be exploited as functional foods or pharmaceutical supplements for preventing and treating diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui-Bo Jia
- Chaozhou Branch of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Chaozhou 521000, China
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China.
| | - Zhao-Rong Li
- Chaozhou Branch of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Chaozhou 521000, China
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China.
| | - Lianzhu Lin
- Chaozhou Branch of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Chaozhou 521000, China
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China.
| | - Donghui Luo
- Chaozhou Branch of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Chaozhou 521000, China
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Guangdong Ocean University, Yangjiang 524088, China.
| | - Chong Chen
- Hainan Key Laboratory of Storage and Processing of Fruits and Vegetables, Agricultural Products Processing Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, 524001, China
| | - Mouming Zhao
- Chaozhou Branch of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Chaozhou 521000, China
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China.
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Song X, Fu H, Chen W. Effects of Flammulina velutipes polysaccharides on quality improvement of fermented milk and antihyperlipidemic on streptozotocin-induced mice. J Funct Foods 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2021.104834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
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Coelho NR, Pimpão AB, Correia MJ, Rodrigues TC, Monteiro EC, Morello J, Pereira SA. Pharmacological blockage of the AHR-CYP1A1 axis: a call for in vivo evidence. J Mol Med (Berl) 2021; 100:215-243. [PMID: 34800164 PMCID: PMC8605459 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-021-02163-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Revised: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) is a ligand-activated transcription factor that can be activated by structurally diverse compounds arising from the environment and the microbiota and host metabolism. Expanding evidence has been shown that the modulation of the canonical pathway of AHR occurs during several chronic diseases and that its abrogation might be of clinical interest for metabolic and inflammatory pathological processes. However, most of the evidence on the pharmacological abrogation of the AHR-CYP1A1 axis has been reported in vitro, and therefore, guidance for in vivo studies is needed. In this review, we cover the state-of-the-art of the pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic properties of AHR antagonists and CYP1A1 inhibitors in different in vivo rodent (mouse or rat) models of disease. This review will serve as a road map for those researchers embracing this emerging therapeutic area targeting the AHR. Moreover, it is a timely opportunity as the first AHR antagonists have recently entered the clinical stage of drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- N R Coelho
- CEDOC, NOVA Medical School, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 1169-056, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - A B Pimpão
- CEDOC, NOVA Medical School, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 1169-056, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - M J Correia
- CEDOC, NOVA Medical School, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 1169-056, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - T C Rodrigues
- CEDOC, NOVA Medical School, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 1169-056, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - E C Monteiro
- CEDOC, NOVA Medical School, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 1169-056, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - J Morello
- CEDOC, NOVA Medical School, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 1169-056, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - S A Pereira
- CEDOC, NOVA Medical School, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 1169-056, Lisboa, Portugal.
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Yu YQ, Yan L, Wang XT, Li L, Zheng W, Gao H. Study on the Effects of Chinese Materia Medica Processing on the Hypoglycemic Activity and Chemical Composition of Anemarrhenae Rhizoma. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2021; 2021:6211609. [PMID: 34712345 PMCID: PMC8548110 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6211609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To compare the hypoglycemic effects of different extracts of Anemarrhenae Rhizoma (AR) before and after being stir-baked with salt water on the diabetic mice and to detect the contents of 8 components in the corresponding active parts simultaneously using the UPLC-MS method, in order to screen the better extracts for diabetes and to clear the material basis for enhancing hypoglycemic activity of Anemarrhenae Rhizoma stir-baked with salt water (SAR). METHODS Taking spontaneous type II diabetic db/db mice as models and fasting blood glucose (FBG), oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), glycated hemoglobin or glycosylated hemoglobin (HbAlc), serum resistin (RESISTEIN), fasting insulin (FINS), superoxide dismutase (SOD), malondialdehyde (MDA), and nitric oxide (NO) as indicators, the hypoglycemic effects of different active parts of Anemarrhenae Rhizoma were evaluated. The chromatographic separation was performed on a Waters BEH C18 (2.1 mm × 50 mm, 1.7 μm) column using acetonitrile (B) and 0.1% formic acid in water (A) as mobile phases, and the flow rate was 0.3 ml/min. The column temperature was set as 28°C, and the injection volume was 10 μL. A mass spectrometer was connected to the UPLC system via an electrospray ionization (ESI) interface. Full-scan data acquisition was performed in the negative ion mode. RESULT In the study of pharmacodynamics, the hypoglycemic effect of Anemarrhenae Rhizoma stir-baked with salt water is better than that of Anemarrhenae Rhizoma and the hypoglycemic effect of ethanol extract of Anemarrhenae Rhizoma is more remarkable than that of the decoction. The measured components all have a good linear relationship within their respective linear ranges (r ≥ 0.9990); the average recovery rates are 98.86%-100.69%, RSD <2.90%. Compared with the raw Anemarrhenae Rhizoma, the contents of Timosaponin AIII, Timosaponin BII, Timosaponin BIII, Anemarrhenasaponin I, Anemarrhenasaponin Ia, and Mangiferin of Anemarrhenae Rhizoma stir-baked with salt water are all higher, the changes of Timosaponin AI and Anemarrhenasaponin AII are not obvious, and all the contents of chemical composition in the ethanol extract of Anemarrhenae Rhizoma and Anemarrhenae Rhizoma stir-baked with salt water were obviously higher compared with the water decoction. CONCLUSION The processing method, stir-baking with salt water, can increase the contents of active compositions in Anemarrhenae Rhizoma and strengthen the hypoglycemic effect. The ethanol extract of Anemarrhenae Rhizoma stir-baked with salt water is the better active site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Qi Yu
- College of Pharmacy, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang, China
| | - Li Yan
- College of Pharmacy, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang, China
| | - Xiao-Ting Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang, China
| | - Li Li
- College of Pharmacy, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang, China
| | - Wei Zheng
- College of Pharmacy, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang, China
| | - Hui Gao
- College of Pharmacy, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang, China
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Kursi Wufarikun Ziyabit Improves the Physiological Changes by Regulating Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress in the Type 2 Diabetes db/db Mice. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2021; 2021:2100128. [PMID: 34447452 PMCID: PMC8384507 DOI: 10.1155/2021/2100128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Revised: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Kursi Wufarikun Ziyabit (KWZ) is a classic traditional medicine used for the prevention treatment of diabetes in China. It was widely used as healthcare tea in folk and can prevent and treat type 2 diabetes. However, the underlying mechanism of KWZ in type 2 diabetes has not been investigated extensively. Here, the weekly body weight and blood glucose level of KWZ in type 2 diabetes db/db male mice were observed. After 4 weeks of treatment, the physiological changes and pharmacological effects of KWZ were investigated. The results showed that KWZ can significantly decrease fasting blood glucose and improve glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity in db/db mice. The serum/liver lipid profiles such as LDL-C, TC, TG, and serum-free fatty acid/Fructosamine levels were decreased, and the serum/liver HDL-C levels were increased. In addition, significant improvement in glucose metabolism enzymes and antioxidant enzymes in experimental mice's livers was observed. Moreover, the expression of GRP78, p-IRE1α/IRE1α, p-eIF2α/eIF2α, and XBP1s was decreased. The expression of p-PERK/PERK, p-Akt/Akt, and p-GSK-3β/GSK-3β was markedly increased. These results suggested that KWZ is effective for type 2 diabetes by improving endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in the liver of db/db mice, and it might prevent the damage of insulin Beta cells and alleviate insulin resistance.
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A Network Pharmacology Approach to Investigate the Mechanism of Erjing Prescription in Type 2 Diabetes. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2021; 2021:9933236. [PMID: 34349832 PMCID: PMC8328705 DOI: 10.1155/2021/9933236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Revised: 07/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Erjing prescription (EJP) was an ancient formula that was recorded in the General Medical Collection of Royal Benevolence of the Song Dynasty. It has been frequently used to treat type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in the long history of China. The formula consists of Lycium barbarum L. and Polygonatum sibiricum F. Delaroche with a ratio of 1 : 1. This study aimed to identify the potential effects and mechanisms of EJP treatment T2DM. The target proteins and possible pathways of EJP in T2DM treatment were investigated by the approach of network pharmacology and real-time PCR (RT-PCR). 99 diabetes-related proteins were regulated by 56 bioactive constituents in EJP in 26 signal pathways by Cytoscape determination. According to GO analysis, 606 genes entries have been enriched. The PPI network suggested that AKT1, EGF, EGFR, MAPK1, and GSK3β proteins were core genes. Among the 26 signal pathways, the PI3K-AKT signal pathway was tested by the RT-PCR. The expression level of PI3K p85, AKT1, GSK3β, and Myc mRNA of this pathway was regulated by EJP. The study based on network pharmacology and RT-PCR analysis revealed that the blood sugar level was regulated by EJP via regulating the PI3K-AKT signal pathway. Plenty of new treatment methods for T2DM using EJP were provided by network pharmacology analysis.
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Jo J, Lee D, Park YH, Choi H, Han J, Park DH, Choi YK, Kwak J, Yang MK, Yoo JW, Moon HR, Geum D, Kang KS, Yun H. Discovery and optimization of novel 3-benzyl-N-phenyl-1H-pyrazole-5-carboxamides as bifunctional antidiabetic agents stimulating both insulin secretion and glucose uptake. Eur J Med Chem 2021; 217:113325. [PMID: 33765605 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2021.113325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Revised: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
A novel series of 3-benzyl-N-phenyl-1H-pyrazole-5-carboxamides was designed, synthesized and evaluated for their biological activities on glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS). The cytotoxicity of all 41 novel compounds was screened to assess their pharmacological safety in pancreatic β-cells. A two-step optimization process was carried out to establish the structure-activity relationship for this class and subsequently we identified the most active analogue 26. Further modification study of 26 evidenced the necessity of N-hydrogens in the core architecture. Protein expression analysis suggested that 26 increases insulin secretion via the activation of the upstream effector of pancreatic and duodenal homeobox 1 (PDX-1), which is an important factor promoting GSIS. Moreover, the administration of 26 effectively augmented glucose uptake in C2C12 myotube cells via the suppression of Mitsugumin 53 (MG53), an insulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS-1) ubiquitination E3 ligase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeyun Jo
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Dahae Lee
- College of Korean Medicine, Gachon University, Seongnam, 13120, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeong Hye Park
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeonjin Choi
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinhee Han
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Do Hwi Park
- College of Korean Medicine, Gachon University, Seongnam, 13120, Republic of Korea
| | - You-Kyung Choi
- College of Korean Medicine, Gachon University, Seongnam, 13120, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinsook Kwak
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Kyu Yang
- Mother's Pharmaceutical, Seoul, 08506, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Wook Yoo
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung Ryong Moon
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Dongho Geum
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Korea University Medical School, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Sung Kang
- College of Korean Medicine, Gachon University, Seongnam, 13120, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hwayoung Yun
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241, Republic of Korea.
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Glucose absorption regulation and mechanism of the compounds in Lilium lancifolium Thunb on Caco-2 cells. Food Chem Toxicol 2021; 149:112010. [PMID: 33493636 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2021.112010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Revised: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, the Caco-2 cell was used to study the glucose absorption regulation and mechanism of kaempferol, caffeic acid and quercetin-3-O-β-D-galactoside in Lilium lancifolium Thunb in vitro. Glucose oxidase-peroxidase (GOD-POD) method was used to measure glucose consumption in supernatant. The fluorescent D-glucose analog (2-NBDG) was used as a tracer probe to study the changes in the fluorescence intensity of 2-NBDG uptake by Caco-2 cells with an inverted fluorescence microscope. Western blotting and quantitative real-time PCR were used to detect the protein expression and mRNA transcription of SGLT1 and GLUT2. The results showed that caffeic acid and quercetin-3-O-β-D-galactoside could significantly promote the absorption of glucose by normal Caco-2 cells compared with the control group (P < 0.001). Both caffeic acid and quercetin-3-O-β-D-galactoside could significantly promote the uptake of glucose tracer 2-NBDG on Caco-2 cells. Caffeic acid and quercetin-3-O-β-D-galactoside could significantly promote SGLT1 and GLUT2 protein expression levels and mRNA transcription (P < 0.001, P < 0.01, P < 0.05). The mechanism might be related to the promotion of SGLT1 and GLUT2 protein expression levels and mRNA transcription.
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Saadeldeen FS, Niu Y, Wang H, Zhou L, Meng L, Chen S, Sun-Waterhouse D, Waterhouse GIN, Liu Z, Kang W. Natural products: Regulating glucose metabolism and improving insulin resistance. FOOD SCIENCE AND HUMAN WELLNESS 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fshw.2020.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Chemical composition and glucose uptake effect on 3T3-L1 adipocytes of Ligustrum lucidum Ait. flowers. FOOD SCIENCE AND HUMAN WELLNESS 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fshw.2020.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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