Advances in the application of 1,2,4-triazole-containing hybrids as anti-tuberculosis agents

A Literature Review Focusing on the Antiviral Activity of [1,2,4] and [1,2,3]-triazoles

Out of a variety of heterocycles, triazole scaffolds have been shown to play a significant part in a wide array of biological functions. Many drug compounds containing a triazole moiety with important antimicrobial, anticancer and antidepressant properties have been commercialized. In addition, the triazole scaffold exhibits remarkable antiviral activity either incorporated into nucleoside analogs or non-nucleosides. Many synthetic techniques have been produced by scientists around the world as a result of their wide-ranging biological function. In this review, we have tried to summarize new synthetic methods produced by diverse research groups as well as provide a comprehensive description of the function of [1,2,4] and [1,2,3]-triazole derivatives as antiviral agents. Antiviral triazole compounds have been shown to target a wide variety of molecular proteins. In addition, several strains of viruses, including the human immunodeficiency virus, SARS virus, hepatitis B and C viruses, influenza virus, Hantavirus, and herpes virus, were discovered to be susceptible to triazole derivatives. This review article covered the reports for antiviral activity of both 1,2,3- and 1,2,4-triazole moieties up to 2022.

Emerging impact of triazoles as anti-tubercular agent

Tuberculosis, a disease of poverty is a communicable infection with a reasonably high mortality rate worldwide. 10 Million new cases of TB were reported with approx 1.4 million deaths in the year 2019. Due to the growing number of drug-sensitive and drug-resistant tuberculosis cases, there is a vital need to develop new and effective candidates useful to combat this deadly disease. Despite tremendous efforts to identify a mechanism-based novel antitubercular agent, only a few have entered into clinical trials in the last six decades. In recent years, triazoles have been well explored as the most valuable scaffolds in drug discovery and development. Triazole framework possesses favorable properties like hydrogen bonding, moderate dipole moment, enhanced water solubility, and also the ability to bind effectively with biomolecular targets of M. tuberculosis and therefore this scaffold displayed excellent potency against TB. This review is an endeavor to summarize an up-to-date innovation of triazole-appended hybrids during the last 10 years having potential in vitro and in vivo antitubercular activity with structure activity relationship analysis. This review may help medicinal chemists to explore the triazole scaffolds for the rational design of potent drug candidates having better efficacy, improved selectivity and minimal toxicity so that these hybrid NCEs can effectively be explored as potential lead to fight against M. tuberculosis.