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Mehta NV, Abhyankar A, Degani MS. Elemental exchange: Bioisosteric replacement of phosphorus by boron in drug design. Eur J Med Chem 2023; 260:115761. [PMID: 37651875 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.115761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2023] [Revised: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
Continuous efforts are being directed toward the employment of boron in drug design due to its advantages and unique characteristics including a plethora of target engagement modes, lower metabolism, and synthetic accessibility, among others. Phosphates are components of multiple drug molecules as well as clinical candidates, since they play a vital role in various biochemical functions, being components of nucleotides, energy currency- ATP as well as several enzyme cofactors. This review discusses the unique chemistry of boron functionalities as phosphate bioisosteres - "the boron-phosphorus elemental exchange strategy" as well as the superiority of boron groups over other commonly employed phosphate bioisosteres. Boron phosphate-mimetics have been utilized for the development of enzyme inhibitors as well as novel borononucleotides. Both the boron functionalities described in this review-boronic acids and benzoxaboroles-contain a boron connected to two oxygens and one carbon atom. The boron atom of these functional groups coordinates with a water molecule in the enzyme site forming a tetrahedral molecule which mimics the phosphate structure. Although boron phosphate-mimetic molecules - FDA-approved Crisaborole and phase II/III clinical candidate Acoziborole are products of the boron-phosphorus bioisosteric elemental exchange strategy, this technique is still in its infancy. The review aims to promote the use of this strategy in future medicinal chemistry projects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Namrashee V Mehta
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology, Nathalal Parekh Marg, Matunga, Mumbai, 400019, Maharashtra, India.
| | - Arundhati Abhyankar
- Shri Vile Parle Kelavani Mandal's Dr Bhanuben Nanavati College of Pharmacy, Gate No.1, Mithibai College Campus, Vile Parle West, Mumbai, 400056, Maharashtra, India.
| | - Mariam S Degani
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology, Nathalal Parekh Marg, Matunga, Mumbai, 400019, Maharashtra, India.
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Nasim F, Qureshi IA. Aminoacyl tRNA Synthetases: Implications of Structural Biology in Drug Development against Trypanosomatid Parasites. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:14884-14899. [PMID: 37151504 PMCID: PMC10157851 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c00826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
The ensemble of aminoacyl tRNA synthetases is regarded as a key component of the protein translation machinery. With the progressive increase in structure-based studies on tRNA synthetase-ligand complexes, the detailed picture of these enzymes is becoming clear. Having known their critical role in deciphering the genetic code in a living system, they have always been chosen as one of the important targets for development of antimicrobial drugs. Later on, the role of aminoacyl tRNA synthetases (aaRSs) on the survivability of trypanosomatids has also been validated. It became evident through several gene knockout studies that targeting even one of these enzymes affected parasitic growth drastically. Such successful studies have inspired researchers to search for inhibitors that could specifically target trypanosomal aaRSs, and their never-ending efforts have provided fruitful results. Taking all such studies into consideration, these macromolecules of prime importance deserve further investigation for the development of drugs that cure spectrum of infections caused by trypanosomatids. In this review, we have compiled advancements of over a decade that have taken place in the pursuit of devising drugs by using trypanosomatid aaRSs as a major target of interest. Several of these inhibitors work on an exemplary low concentration range without posing any threat to the mammalian cells which is a very critical aspect of the drug discovery process. Advancements have been made in terms of using structural biology as an important tool to analyze the architecture of the trypanosomatids aaRSs and concoction of inhibitors with augmented specificities toward their targets. Some of the inhibitors that have been tested on other parasites successfully but their efficacy has so far not been validated against these trypanosomatids have also been appended.
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Pfarr KM, Krome AK, Al-Obaidi I, Batchelor H, Vaillant M, Hoerauf A, Opoku NO, Kuesel AC. The pipeline for drugs for control and elimination of neglected tropical diseases: 1. Anti-infective drugs for regulatory registration. Parasit Vectors 2023; 16:82. [PMID: 36859332 PMCID: PMC9979492 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-022-05581-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/05/2022] [Indexed: 03/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The World Health Organization 'Ending the neglect to attain the Sustainable Development Goals: A road map for neglected tropical diseases 2021-2030' outlines the targets for control and elimination of neglected tropical diseases (NTDs). New drugs are needed to achieve some of them. We are providing an overview of the pipeline for new anti-infective drugs for regulatory registration and steps to effective use for NTD control and elimination. Considering drugs approved for an NTD by at least one stringent regulatory authority: fexinidazole, included in WHO guidelines for Trypanosoma brucei gambiense African trypanosomiasis, is in development for Chagas disease. Moxidectin, registered in 2018 for treatment of individuals ≥ 12 years old with onchocerciasis, is undergoing studies to extend the indication to 4-11-year-old children and obtain additional data to inform WHO and endemic countries' decisions on moxidectin inclusion in guidelines and policies. Moxidectin is also being evaluated for other NTDs. Considering drugs in at least Phase 2 clinical development, a submission is being prepared for registration of acoziborole as an oral treatment for first and second stage T.b. gambiense African trypanosomiasis. Bedaquiline, registered for tuberculosis, is being evaluated for multibacillary leprosy. Phase 2 studies of emodepside and flubentylosin in O. volvulus-infected individuals are ongoing; studies for Trichuris trichuria and hookworm are planned. A trial of fosravuconazole in Madurella mycetomatis-infected patients is ongoing. JNJ-64281802 is undergoing Phase 2 trials for reducing dengue viral load. Studies are ongoing or planned to evaluate oxantel pamoate for onchocerciasis and soil-transmitted helminths, including Trichuris, and oxfendazole for onchocerciasis, Fasciola hepatica, Taenia solium cysticercosis, Echinococcus granulosus and soil-transmitted helminths, including Trichuris. Additional steps from first registration to effective use for NTD control and elimination include country registrations, possibly additional studies to inform WHO guidelines and country policies, and implementation research to address barriers to effective use of new drugs. Relative to the number of people suffering from NTDs, the pipeline is small. Close collaboration and exchange of experience among all stakeholders developing drugs for NTDs may increase the probability that the current pipeline will translate into new drugs effectively implemented in affected countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth M. Pfarr
- grid.15090.3d0000 0000 8786 803XInstitute of Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany ,grid.452463.2German Center for Infection Research, Partner Site Bonn-Cologne, Bonn, Germany
| | - Anna K. Krome
- grid.10388.320000 0001 2240 3300Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Issraa Al-Obaidi
- grid.11984.350000000121138138Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK
| | - Hannah Batchelor
- grid.11984.350000000121138138Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK
| | - Michel Vaillant
- grid.451012.30000 0004 0621 531XCompetence Center for Methodology and Statistics, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Strassen, Grand Duchy of Luxembourg
| | - Achim Hoerauf
- grid.15090.3d0000 0000 8786 803XInstitute of Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany ,grid.452463.2German Center for Infection Research, Partner Site Bonn-Cologne, Bonn, Germany
| | - Nicholas O. Opoku
- grid.449729.50000 0004 7707 5975Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics School of Public Health, University of Health and Allied Sciences, Hohoe, Ghana
| | - Annette C. Kuesel
- UNICEF/UNDP/World Bank/WHO Special Programme for Research and Training in Tropical Diseases (WHO/TDR), World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
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Determination of the Optimal Single Dose Treatment for Acoziborole, a Novel Drug for the Treatment of Human African Trypanosomiasis: First-in-Human Study. Clin Pharmacokinet 2023; 62:481-491. [PMID: 36763327 PMCID: PMC10042906 DOI: 10.1007/s40262-023-01216-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Acoziborole is a novel boron-containing candidate developed as an oral drug for the treatment of human African trypanosomiasis (HAT). Results from preclinical studies allowed progression to Phase 1 trials. We aimed to determine the best dose regimen for all stages of HAT. METHODS Acoziborole was assessed in 128 healthy adult males of sub-Saharan African origin living in France. The study included a single oral administration of a 20- to 1200-mg dose in a randomised double-blind study in cohorts of 8 (6 active, 2 placebo) to assess safety, tolerability, and pharmacokinetics. In three additional open cohorts of 6 participants, the effect of activated charcoal was evaluated, bioequivalence of capsules versus tablets was assessed, and safety in the 960-mg tablet cohorts was monitored. RESULTS Acoziborole was well tolerated at all doses tested; no dose-related adverse events were observed. The drug appeared rapidly in plasma (at 1 h), reached tmax between 24 and 72 h, and remained stable for up to 96 h, after which a slow decrease was quantifiable until 14 weeks after dosing. Charcoal had little impact on the enterohepatic recirculation effect, except for the 20-mg dose. Bioequivalence between capsule and tablet formulations was demonstrated. The therapeutic single dose for administration under fasted conditions was fixed to 960 mg. The maximum administered dose was 1200 mg. CONCLUSIONS This study showed that acoziborole could be safely assessed in patients as a potential single-dose oral cure for both stages of gambiense HAT. TRIAL REGISTRATION The study was registered with ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT01533961.
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Waithaka A, Clayton C. Clinically relevant benzoxaboroles inhibit mRNA processing in Trypanosoma brucei. BMC Res Notes 2022; 15:371. [PMID: 36528767 PMCID: PMC9758897 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-022-06258-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The cleavage and polyadenylation endonuclease CPSF73 is thought to be the target of the anti-trypanosomal benzoxaboroles AN7973, acoziborole and AN11736. We previously showed that AN7973 inhibits mRNA processing. We here investigated whether the drug candidates acoziborole (for human sleeping sickness) and AN11736 (for nagana in cattle) have the same effect. We also affinity purified tagged CPSF73 from parasites without, or after, AN7973 treatment, and analysed differentially co-purified proteins by mass spectrometry. RESULTS AN11736 and acoziborole both inhibited mRNA processing, as demonstrated by decreased levels of spliced mRNAs and accumulation of di- and tri-cistronic mRNAs from the alpha-beta tubulin locus. Treating the cells with AN7973 for 30 min. did not significantly affect the proteins that copurified with CPSF73.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albina Waithaka
- grid.7700.00000 0001 2190 4373Heidelberg University Centre for Molecular Biology (ZMBH), Im Neuenheimer Feld 282, D69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Christine Clayton
- grid.7700.00000 0001 2190 4373Heidelberg University Centre for Molecular Biology (ZMBH), Im Neuenheimer Feld 282, D69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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Sharma A, Cipriano M, Ferrins L, Hajduk SL, Mensa-Wilmot K. Hypothesis-generating proteome perturbation to identify NEU-4438 and acoziborole modes of action in the African Trypanosome. iScience 2022; 25:105302. [PMID: 36304107 PMCID: PMC9593816 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.105302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 07/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
NEU-4438 is a lead for the development of drugs against Trypanosoma brucei, which causes human African trypanosomiasis. Optimized with phenotypic screening, targets of NEU-4438 are unknown. Herein, we present a cell perturbome workflow that compares NEU-4438's molecular modes of action to those of SCYX-7158 (acoziborole). Following a 6 h perturbation of trypanosomes, NEU-4438 and acoziborole reduced steady-state amounts of 68 and 92 unique proteins, respectively. After analysis of proteomes, hypotheses formulated for modes of action were tested: Acoziborole and NEU-4438 have different modes of action. Whereas NEU-4438 prevented DNA biosynthesis and basal body maturation, acoziborole destabilized CPSF3 and other proteins, inhibited polypeptide translation, and reduced endocytosis of haptoglobin-hemoglobin. These data point to CPSF3-independent modes of action for acoziborole. In case of polypharmacology, the cell-perturbome workflow elucidates modes of action because it is target-agnostic. Finally, the workflow can be used in any cell that is amenable to proteomic and molecular biology experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amrita Sharma
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Kennesaw State University, Kennesaw, GA 30144, USA
| | - Michael Cipriano
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Lori Ferrins
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Stephen L. Hajduk
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Kojo Mensa-Wilmot
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Kennesaw State University, Kennesaw, GA 30144, USA,Corresponding author
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Sanz-Rodríguez CE, Hoffman B, Guyett PJ, Purmal A, Singh B, Pollastri MP, Mensa-Wilmot K. Physiologic Targets and Modes of Action for CBL0137, a Lead for Human African Trypanosomiasis Drug Development. Mol Pharmacol 2022; 102:1-16. [PMID: 35605992 PMCID: PMC9341264 DOI: 10.1124/molpharm.121.000430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 08/15/2023] Open
Abstract
CBL0137 is a lead drug for human African trypanosomiasis, caused by Trypanosoma brucei Herein, we use a four-step strategy to 1) identify physiologic targets and 2) determine modes of molecular action of CBL0137 in the trypanosome. First, we identified fourteen CBL0137-binding proteins using affinity chromatography. Second, we developed hypotheses of molecular modes of action, using predicted functions of CBL0137-binding proteins as guides. Third, we documented effects of CBL0137 on molecular pathways in the trypanosome. Fourth, we identified physiologic targets of the drug by knocking down genes encoding CBL0137-binding proteins and comparing their molecular effects to those obtained when trypanosomes were treated with CBL0137. CBL0137-binding proteins included glycolysis enzymes (aldolase, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, phosphofructokinase, phosphoglycerate kinase) and DNA-binding proteins [universal minicircle sequence binding protein 2, replication protein A1 (RPA1), replication protein A2 (RPA2)]. In chemical biology studies, CBL0137 did not reduce ATP level in the trypanosome, ruling out glycolysis enzymes as crucial targets for the drug. Thus, many CBL0137-binding proteins are not physiologic targets of the drug. CBL0137 inhibited 1) nucleus mitosis, 2) nuclear DNA replication, and 3) polypeptide synthesis as the first carbazole inhibitor of eukaryote translation. RNA interference (RNAi) against RPA1 inhibited both DNA synthesis and mitosis, whereas RPA2 knockdown inhibited mitosis, consistent with both proteins being physiologic targets of CBL0137. Principles used here to distinguish drug-binding proteins from physiologic targets of CBL0137 can be deployed with different drugs in other biologic systems. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: To distinguish drug-binding proteins from physiologic targets in the African trypanosome, we devised and executed a multidisciplinary approach involving biochemical, genetic, cell, and chemical biology experiments. The strategy we employed can be used for drugs in other biological systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos E Sanz-Rodríguez
- Department of Cellular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia (C.E.S.-R., B.H., P.J.G., K.M.-W.); Buffalo Biolabs Inc, Buffalo, New York (A.P.); Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts (B.S., M.P.); and Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Kennesaw State University, Kennesaw, Georgia (K.M.-W.)
| | - Benjamin Hoffman
- Department of Cellular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia (C.E.S.-R., B.H., P.J.G., K.M.-W.); Buffalo Biolabs Inc, Buffalo, New York (A.P.); Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts (B.S., M.P.); and Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Kennesaw State University, Kennesaw, Georgia (K.M.-W.)
| | - Paul J Guyett
- Department of Cellular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia (C.E.S.-R., B.H., P.J.G., K.M.-W.); Buffalo Biolabs Inc, Buffalo, New York (A.P.); Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts (B.S., M.P.); and Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Kennesaw State University, Kennesaw, Georgia (K.M.-W.)
| | - Andrei Purmal
- Department of Cellular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia (C.E.S.-R., B.H., P.J.G., K.M.-W.); Buffalo Biolabs Inc, Buffalo, New York (A.P.); Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts (B.S., M.P.); and Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Kennesaw State University, Kennesaw, Georgia (K.M.-W.)
| | - Baljinder Singh
- Department of Cellular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia (C.E.S.-R., B.H., P.J.G., K.M.-W.); Buffalo Biolabs Inc, Buffalo, New York (A.P.); Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts (B.S., M.P.); and Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Kennesaw State University, Kennesaw, Georgia (K.M.-W.)
| | - Michael P Pollastri
- Department of Cellular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia (C.E.S.-R., B.H., P.J.G., K.M.-W.); Buffalo Biolabs Inc, Buffalo, New York (A.P.); Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts (B.S., M.P.); and Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Kennesaw State University, Kennesaw, Georgia (K.M.-W.)
| | - Kojo Mensa-Wilmot
- Department of Cellular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia (C.E.S.-R., B.H., P.J.G., K.M.-W.); Buffalo Biolabs Inc, Buffalo, New York (A.P.); Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts (B.S., M.P.); and Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Kennesaw State University, Kennesaw, Georgia (K.M.-W.)
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Coghi PS, Zhu Y, Xie H, Hosmane NS, Zhang Y. Organoboron Compounds: Effective Antibacterial and Antiparasitic Agents. Molecules 2021; 26:3309. [PMID: 34072937 PMCID: PMC8199504 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26113309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2021] [Revised: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The unique electron deficiency and coordination property of boron led to a wide range of applications in chemistry, energy research, materials science and the life sciences. The use of boron-containing compounds as pharmaceutical agents has a long history, and recent developments have produced encouraging strides. Boron agents have been used for both radiotherapy and chemotherapy. In radiotherapy, boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) has been investigated to treat various types of tumors, such as glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) of brain, head and neck tumors, etc. Boron agents playing essential roles in such treatments and other well-established areas have been discussed elsewhere. Organoboron compounds used to treat various diseases besides tumor treatments through BNCT technology have also marked an important milestone. Following the clinical introduction of bortezomib as an anti-cancer agent, benzoxaborole drugs, tavaborole and crisaborole, have been approved for clinical use in the treatments of onychomycosis and atopic dermatitis. Some heterocyclic organoboron compounds represent potentially promising candidates for anti-infective drugs. This review highlights the clinical applications and perspectives of organoboron compounds with the natural boron atoms in disease treatments without neutron irradiation. The main topic focuses on the therapeutic applications of organoboron compounds in the diseases of tuberculosis and antifungal activity, malaria, neglected tropical diseases and cryptosporidiosis and toxoplasmosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Saul Coghi
- School of Pharmacy Macau, University of Science and Technology, Taipa Macau 999078, China;
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa Macau 999078, China
| | - Yinghuai Zhu
- The State Key Laboratory of Anti-Infective Drug Development (NO. 2015DQ780357), Sunshine Lake Pharma Co., Ltd., Dongguan 523871, China;
| | - Hongming Xie
- The State Key Laboratory of Anti-Infective Drug Development (NO. 2015DQ780357), Sunshine Lake Pharma Co., Ltd., Dongguan 523871, China;
| | - Narayan S. Hosmane
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, IL 60115, USA
| | - Yingjun Zhang
- The State Key Laboratory of Anti-Infective Drug Development (NO. 2015DQ780357), Sunshine Lake Pharma Co., Ltd., Dongguan 523871, China;
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Mutuku CN, Bateta R, Rono MK, Njunge JM, Awuoche EO, Ndung'u K, Mang'era CM, Akoth MO, Adung'a VO, Ondigo BN, Mireji PO. Physiological and proteomic profiles of Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense parasite isolated from suramin responsive and non-responsive HAT patients in Busoga, Uganda. Int J Parasitol Drugs Drug Resist 2021; 15:57-67. [PMID: 33588295 PMCID: PMC7895675 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpddr.2021.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Revised: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Human African Trypanosomiasis (HAT) is a disease of major economic importance in Sub-Saharan Africa. The HAT is caused by Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense (Tbr) parasite in eastern and southern Africa, with suramin as drug of choice for treatment of early stage of the disease. Suramin treatment failures has been observed among HAT patients in Tbr foci in Uganda. In this study, we assessed Tbr parasite strains isolated from HAT patients responsive (Tbr EATRO-232) and non-responsive (Tbr EATRO-734) to suramin treatment in Busoga, Uganda for 1) putative role of suramin resistance in the treatment failure 2) correlation of suramin resistance with Tbr pathogenicity and 3) proteomic pathways underpinning the potential suramin resistance phenotype in vivo. We first assessed suramin response in each isolate by infecting male Swiss white mice followed by treatment using a series of suramin doses. We then assessed relative pathogenicity of the two Tbr isolates by assessing changes pathogenicity indices (prepatent period, survival and mortality). We finally isolated proteins from mice infected by the isolates, and assessed their proteomic profiles using mass spectrometry. We established putative resistance to 2.5 mg/kg suramin in the parasite Tbr EATRO-734. We established that Tbr EATRO-734 proliferated slower and has significantly enriched pathways associated with detoxification and metabolism of energy and drugs relative to Tbr EATRO-232. The Tbr EATRO-734 also has more abundantly expressed mitochondrion proteins and enzymes than Tbr EATRO-232. The suramin treatment failure may be linked to the relatively higher resistance to suramin in Tbr EATRO-734 than Tbr EATRO-232, among other host and parasite specific factors. However, the Tbr EATRO-734 appears to be less pathogenic than Tbr EATRO-232, as evidenced by its lower rate of parasitaemia. The Tbr EATRO-734 putatively surmount suramin challenges through induction of energy metabolism pathways. These cellular and molecular processes may be involved in suramin resistance in Tbr.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine N Mutuku
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Kenya Agricultural and Livestock Research Organization, P.O. Box 362, Kikuyu, Kenya; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Egerton University, P.O. Box 536, Njoro, Kenya
| | - Rosemary Bateta
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Kenya Agricultural and Livestock Research Organization, P.O. Box 362, Kikuyu, Kenya.
| | - Martin K Rono
- Centre for Geographic Medicine Research - Coast, Kenya Medical Research Institute, PO Box 230-80108 Kilifi, Kenya
| | - James M Njunge
- Centre for Geographic Medicine Research - Coast, Kenya Medical Research Institute, PO Box 230-80108 Kilifi, Kenya
| | - Erick O Awuoche
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Pure and Applied Science, Meru University of Science and Technology, Meru, Kenya
| | - Kariuki Ndung'u
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Kenya Agricultural and Livestock Research Organization, P.O. Box 362, Kikuyu, Kenya
| | - Clarence M Mang'era
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Egerton University, P.O. Box 536, Njoro, Kenya
| | - Modesta O Akoth
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Kenya Agricultural and Livestock Research Organization, P.O. Box 362, Kikuyu, Kenya; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Egerton University, P.O. Box 536, Njoro, Kenya
| | - Vincent O Adung'a
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Egerton University, P.O. Box 536, Njoro, Kenya
| | - Bartholomew N Ondigo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Egerton University, P.O. Box 536, Njoro, Kenya
| | - Paul O Mireji
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Kenya Agricultural and Livestock Research Organization, P.O. Box 362, Kikuyu, Kenya; Centre for Geographic Medicine Research - Coast, Kenya Medical Research Institute, PO Box 230-80108 Kilifi, Kenya.
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Souza Silva JA, Tunes LG, Coimbra RS, Ascher DB, Pires DEV, Monte-Neto RL. Unveiling six potent and highly selective antileishmanial agents via the open source compound collection 'Pathogen Box' against antimony-sensitive and -resistant Leishmania braziliensis. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 133:111049. [PMID: 33378956 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.111049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 11/15/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite all efforts to provide new chemical entities to tackle leishmaniases, we are still dependent on a the limited drug arsenal, together with drawbacks like toxicity and drug-resistant parasites. Collaborative drug discovery emerged as an option to speed up the way to find alternative antileishmanial agents. This is the case of Medicines for Malaria Ventures - MMV, that promotes an open source drug discovery initiative to fight diseases worldwide. Here, we screened 400 compounds from 'Pathogen Box' (PBox) collection against Leishmania braziliensis, the main etiological agent of cutaneous leishmaniasis in Brazil. Twenty-three compounds were able to inhibit ≥ 80 % L. braziliensis growth at 5 μM. Six out of the PBox selected 23 compounds were found to be highly selective against L. braziliensis intracellular amastigotes with selectivity index varying from > 104 to > 746 and IC50s ranging from 47 to 480 nM. The compounds were also active against antimony-resistant L. braziliensis isolated from the field or laboratory selected mutants, revealing the potential on treating patients infected with drug resistant parasites. Most of the selected compounds were known to be active against kinetoplastids, however, two compounds (MMV688703 and MMV676477) were part of toxoplasmosis and tuberculosis 'PBox' disease set, reinforcing the potential of phenotyping screening to unveil drug repurposing. Here we applied a computational prediction of pharmacokinetic properties using the ADMET predictor pkCSM (http://biosig.unimelb.edu.au/pkcsm/). The tool offered clues on potential drug development needs and can support further in vivo studies. Molecular docking analysis identified CRK3 (LbrM.35.0660), CYP450 (LbrM.30.3580) and PKA (LbrM.18.1180) as L. braziliensis targets for MMV676604, MMV688372 and MMV688703, respectively. Compounds from 'Pathogen Box' thus represents a new hope for novel (or repurposed) small molecules source to tackle leishmaniases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliano A Souza Silva
- Instituto René Rachou - Fiocruz Minas, Av. Augusto de Lima, 1715, Belo Horizonte, 30190-009, MG, Brazil.
| | - Luiza G Tunes
- Instituto René Rachou - Fiocruz Minas, Av. Augusto de Lima, 1715, Belo Horizonte, 30190-009, MG, Brazil.
| | - Roney S Coimbra
- Instituto René Rachou - Fiocruz Minas, Av. Augusto de Lima, 1715, Belo Horizonte, 30190-009, MG, Brazil.
| | - David B Ascher
- Structural Biology and Bioinformatics, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Melbourne, Bio21 Institute, 30 Flemington Rd, Parkville, VIC 3052, Melbourne, Australia; Computational Biology and Clinical Informatics, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, VIC 3004, Melbourne, Australia.
| | - Douglas E V Pires
- Instituto René Rachou - Fiocruz Minas, Av. Augusto de Lima, 1715, Belo Horizonte, 30190-009, MG, Brazil; School of Computing and Information Systems, The University of Melbourne, Doug McDonell Building, VIC 3010, Parkville, Melbourne, Australia.
| | - Rubens L Monte-Neto
- Instituto René Rachou - Fiocruz Minas, Av. Augusto de Lima, 1715, Belo Horizonte, 30190-009, MG, Brazil.
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11
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Giordani F, Paape D, Vincent IM, Pountain AW, Fernández-Cortés F, Rico E, Zhang N, Morrison LJ, Freund Y, Witty MJ, Peter R, Edwards DY, Wilkes JM, van der Hooft JJJ, Regnault C, Read KD, Horn D, Field MC, Barrett MP. Veterinary trypanocidal benzoxaboroles are peptidase-activated prodrugs. PLoS Pathog 2020; 16:e1008932. [PMID: 33141865 PMCID: PMC7710103 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1008932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Revised: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Livestock diseases caused by Trypanosoma congolense, T. vivax and T. brucei, collectively known as nagana, are responsible for billions of dollars in lost food production annually. There is an urgent need for novel therapeutics. Encouragingly, promising antitrypanosomal benzoxaboroles are under veterinary development. Here, we show that the most efficacious subclass of these compounds are prodrugs activated by trypanosome serine carboxypeptidases (CBPs). Drug-resistance to a development candidate, AN11736, emerged readily in T. brucei, due to partial deletion within the locus containing three tandem copies of the CBP genes. T. congolense parasites, which possess a larger array of related CBPs, also developed resistance to AN11736 through deletion within the locus. A genome-scale screen in T. brucei confirmed CBP loss-of-function as the primary mechanism of resistance and CRISPR-Cas9 editing proved that partial deletion within the locus was sufficient to confer resistance. CBP re-expression in either T. brucei or T. congolense AN11736-resistant lines restored drug-susceptibility. CBPs act by cleaving the benzoxaborole AN11736 to a carboxylic acid derivative, revealing a prodrug activation mechanism. Loss of CBP activity results in massive reduction in net uptake of AN11736, indicating that entry is facilitated by the concentration gradient created by prodrug metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Giordani
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Parasitology, Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel Paape
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Parasitology, Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Isabel M. Vincent
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Parasitology, Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew W. Pountain
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Parasitology, Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Fernando Fernández-Cortés
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Parasitology, Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Eva Rico
- Wellcome Centre for Anti-Infectives Research, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - Ning Zhang
- Wellcome Centre for Anti-Infectives Research, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - Liam J. Morrison
- Roslin Institute, Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Midlothian, United Kingdom
| | - Yvonne Freund
- Anacor Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Palo Alto, California, United States of America
| | - Michael J. Witty
- Global Alliance for Livestock and Veterinary Medicine, Pentlands Science Park, Penicuik, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Rosemary Peter
- Global Alliance for Livestock and Veterinary Medicine, Pentlands Science Park, Penicuik, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Darren Y. Edwards
- Wellcome Centre for Anti-Infectives Research, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - Jonathan M. Wilkes
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Parasitology, Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Justin J. J. van der Hooft
- Glasgow Polyomics, Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
- Current address: Bioinformatics Group, Wageningen University, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Clément Regnault
- Glasgow Polyomics, Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Kevin D. Read
- Wellcome Centre for Anti-Infectives Research, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - David Horn
- Wellcome Centre for Anti-Infectives Research, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - Mark C. Field
- Wellcome Centre for Anti-Infectives Research, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom
- Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Michael P. Barrett
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Parasitology, Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
- Glasgow Polyomics, Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
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12
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Swale C, Bougdour A, Gnahoui-David A, Tottey J, Georgeault S, Laurent F, Palencia A, Hakimi MA. Metal-captured inhibition of pre-mRNA processing activity by CPSF3 controls Cryptosporidium infection. Sci Transl Med 2020; 11:11/517/eaax7161. [PMID: 31694928 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aax7161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2019] [Accepted: 10/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Cryptosporidium is an intestinal pathogen that causes severe but self-limiting diarrhea in healthy humans, yet it can turn into a life-threatening, unrelenting infection in immunocompromised patients and young children. Severe diarrhea is recognized as the leading cause of mortality for children below 5 years of age in developing countries. The only approved treatment against cryptosporidiosis, nitazoxanide, has limited efficacy in the most vulnerable patient populations, including malnourished children, and is ineffective in immunocompromised individuals. Here, we investigate inhibition of the parasitic cleavage and polyadenylation specificity factor 3 (CPSF3) as a strategy to control Cryptosporidium infection. We show that the oxaborole AN3661 selectively blocked Cryptosporidium growth in human HCT-8 cells, and oral treatment with AN3661 reduced intestinal parasite burden in both immunocompromised and neonatal mouse models of infection with greater efficacy than nitazoxanide. Furthermore, we present crystal structures of recombinantly produced Cryptosporidium CPSF3, revealing a mechanism of action whereby the mRNA processing activity of this enzyme is efficiently blocked by the binding of the oxaborole group at the metal-dependent catalytic center. Our data provide insights that may help accelerate the development of next-generation anti-Cryptosporidium therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Swale
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences (IAB), Host-Pathogen Interactions and Immunity to Infection, INSERM U1209, CNRS UMR 5309, University Grenoble Alpes, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Alexandre Bougdour
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences (IAB), Host-Pathogen Interactions and Immunity to Infection, INSERM U1209, CNRS UMR 5309, University Grenoble Alpes, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Audrey Gnahoui-David
- INRA, Université François Rabelais de Tours, Centre Val de Loire, UMR1282 ISP, Laboratoire Apicomplexes et Immunité Mucosale, 37380 Nouzilly, France
| | - Julie Tottey
- INRA, Université François Rabelais de Tours, Centre Val de Loire, UMR1282 ISP, Laboratoire Apicomplexes et Immunité Mucosale, 37380 Nouzilly, France
| | - Sonia Georgeault
- Plateforme des Microscopies, Université et CHRU de Tours, 37000 Tours, France
| | - Fabrice Laurent
- INRA, Université François Rabelais de Tours, Centre Val de Loire, UMR1282 ISP, Laboratoire Apicomplexes et Immunité Mucosale, 37380 Nouzilly, France.
| | - Andrés Palencia
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences (IAB), Host-Pathogen Interactions and Immunity to Infection, INSERM U1209, CNRS UMR 5309, University Grenoble Alpes, 38000 Grenoble, France. .,Institute for Advanced Biosciences (IAB), Structural Biology of Novel Drug Targets in Human Diseases, INSERM U1209, CNRS UMR 5309, University Grenoble Alpes, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Mohamed-Ali Hakimi
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences (IAB), Host-Pathogen Interactions and Immunity to Infection, INSERM U1209, CNRS UMR 5309, University Grenoble Alpes, 38000 Grenoble, France.
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13
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Meyer KJ, Meyers DJ, Shapiro TA. Optimal kinetic exposures for classic and candidate antitrypanosomals. J Antimicrob Chemother 2020; 74:2303-2310. [PMID: 31093674 DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkz160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2018] [Revised: 02/18/2019] [Accepted: 03/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Efficacy is determined not only by size, but also by shape, of drug exposure. Here the critical importance of the temporal pattern of drug concentrations (pharmacokinetic profile) is examined for antitrypanosomals in vitro. METHODS An in vitro hollow-fibre cartridge system was used to study contrasting drug profiles with four clinically used agents and two experimental candidates against the deadly parasite Trypanosoma brucei. Artificial kinetics were employed intentionally to favour either high peak concentration or sustained duration of drug. RESULTS Changing the shape of drug exposure significantly impacted drug efficacy. Suramin, melarsoprol and pentamidine were concentration-driven and therefore more efficacious when applied as short-lived high peaks. In contrast, difluoromethylornithine (DFMO) was time-driven, and therefore maximally effective as a constant infusion. Kinetic preference was robust over a wide range of drug exposures. Promising clinical candidates SCYX-7158 (acoziborole) and fexinidazole (parent and sulfone) were concentration-driven, suggesting optimal clinical regimens would involve relatively high but intermittent dosing. CONCLUSIONS Antitrypanosomals have an intrinsic pharmacokinetic driver for optimal efficacy, with important implications for clinical management and future candidate development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirsten J Meyer
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - David J Meyers
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Theresa A Shapiro
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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14
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Jonnalagadda SK, Wielenberg K, Ronayne CT, Jonnalagadda S, Kiprof P, Jonnalagadda SC, Mereddy VR. Synthesis and biological evaluation of arylphosphonium-benzoxaborole conjugates as novel anticancer agents. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2020; 30:127259. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2020.127259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Revised: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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15
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Dickie EA, Giordani F, Gould MK, Mäser P, Burri C, Mottram JC, Rao SPS, Barrett MP. New Drugs for Human African Trypanosomiasis: A Twenty First Century Success Story. Trop Med Infect Dis 2020; 5:tropicalmed5010029. [PMID: 32092897 PMCID: PMC7157223 DOI: 10.3390/tropicalmed5010029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Revised: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The twentieth century ended with human African trypanosomiasis (HAT) epidemics raging across many parts of Africa. Resistance to existing drugs was emerging, and many programs aiming to contain the disease had ground to a halt, given previous success against HAT and the competing priorities associated with other medical crises ravaging the continent. A series of dedicated interventions and the introduction of innovative routes to develop drugs, involving Product Development Partnerships, has led to a dramatic turnaround in the fight against HAT caused by Trypanosoma brucei gambiense. The World Health Organization have been able to optimize the use of existing tools to monitor and intervene in the disease. A promising new oral medication for stage 1 HAT, pafuramidine maleate, ultimately failed due to unforeseen toxicity issues. However, the clinical trials for this compound demonstrated the possibility of conducting such trials in the resource-poor settings of rural Africa. The Drugs for Neglected Disease initiative (DNDi), founded in 2003, has developed the first all oral therapy for both stage 1 and stage 2 HAT in fexinidazole. DNDi has also brought forward another oral therapy, acoziborole, potentially capable of curing both stage 1 and stage 2 disease in a single dosing. In this review article, we describe the remarkable successes in combating HAT through the twenty first century, bringing the prospect of the elimination of this disease into sight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily A. Dickie
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Parasitology, Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8TA, UK; (E.A.D.); (F.G.); (M.K.G.)
| | - Federica Giordani
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Parasitology, Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8TA, UK; (E.A.D.); (F.G.); (M.K.G.)
| | - Matthew K. Gould
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Parasitology, Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8TA, UK; (E.A.D.); (F.G.); (M.K.G.)
| | - Pascal Mäser
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Socinstrasse 57, 4002 Basel, Switzerland; (P.M.); (C.B.)
| | - Christian Burri
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Socinstrasse 57, 4002 Basel, Switzerland; (P.M.); (C.B.)
- University of Basel, Petersplatz 1, 4000 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jeremy C. Mottram
- York Biomedical Research Institute, Department of Biology, University of York, Wentworth Way, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, UK;
| | - Srinivasa P. S. Rao
- Novartis Institute for Tropical Diseases, 5300 Chiron Way, Emeryville, CA 94608, USA;
| | - Michael P. Barrett
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Parasitology, Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8TA, UK; (E.A.D.); (F.G.); (M.K.G.)
- Correspondence:
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16
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Al-Zoubi RM, Al-Jammal WK, McDonald R. Regioselective synthesis of ortho-iodobiphenylboronic acid derivatives: a superior catalyst for carboxylic acid activation. NEW J CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/c9nj05708k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Efficient and versatile synthesis of ortho-iodobiphenylboronic acids with remarkable catalytic and microbial activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raed M. Al-Zoubi
- Department of Chemistry
- Jordan University of Science and Technology
- Irbid
- Jordan
| | - Walid K. Al-Jammal
- Department of Chemistry
- Jordan University of Science and Technology
- Irbid
- Jordan
| | - Robert McDonald
- Department of Chemistry
- Gunning-Lemieux Chemistry Centre
- University of Alberta
- Edmonton
- Canada
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17
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Van Bocxlaer K, Caridha D, Black C, Vesely B, Leed S, Sciotti RJ, Wijnant GJ, Yardley V, Braillard S, Mowbray CE, Ioset JR, Croft SL. Novel benzoxaborole, nitroimidazole and aminopyrazoles with activity against experimental cutaneous leishmaniasis. Int J Parasitol Drugs Drug Resist 2019; 11:129-138. [PMID: 30922847 PMCID: PMC6904836 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpddr.2019.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2018] [Revised: 02/06/2019] [Accepted: 02/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Drugs for Neglected Diseases initiative (DNDi) has identified three chemical lead series, the nitroimidazoles, benzoxaboroles and aminopyrazoles, as innovative treatments for visceral leishmaniasis. The leads discovered using phenotypic screening, were optimised following disease- and compound-specific criteria. Several leads of each series were progressed and preclinical drug candidates have been nominated. Here we evaluate the efficacy of the lead compounds of each of these three chemical classes in in vitro and in vivo models of cutaneous leishmaniasis. METHODS The in vitro activity of fifty-five compounds was evaluated against the intracellular amastigotes of L. major, L. aethiopica, L. amazonensis, L. panamensis, L. mexicana and L. tropica. The drugs demonstrating potent activity (EC50 < 5 μM) against at least 4 of 6 species were subsequently evaluated in vivo in different L. major - BALB/c mouse models using a 5 or 10-day treatment with either the oral or topical formulations. Efficacy was expressed as lesion size (measured daily using callipers), parasite load (by quantitative PCR - DNA) and bioluminescence signal reduction relative to the untreated controls. RESULTS The selected drug compounds (3 nitroimidazoles, 1 benzoxaborole and 3 aminopyrazoles) showed consistent and potent activity across a range of Leishmania species that are known to cause CL with EC50 values ranging from 0.29 to 18.3 μM. In all cases, this potent in vitro antileishmanial activity translated into high levels of efficacy with a linear dose-response against murine CL. When administered at 50 mg/kg/day, DNDI-0690 (nitroimidazole), DNDI-1047 (aminopyrazole) and DNDI-6148 (benzoxaborole) all resulted in a significant lesion size reduction (no visible nodule) and an approximate 2-log-fold reduction of the parasite load as measured by qPCR compared to the untreated control. CONCLUSIONS The lead compounds DNDI-0690, DNDI-1047 and DNDI-6148 showed excellent activity across a range of Leishmania species in vitro and against L. major in mice. These compounds offer novel potential drugs for the treatment of CL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrien Van Bocxlaer
- London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Infections and Tropical Diseases, Keppel Street, London, WC1E 7HT, United Kingdom
| | - Diana Caridha
- Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, 20910, USA
| | - Chad Black
- Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, 20910, USA
| | - Brian Vesely
- Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, 20910, USA
| | - Susan Leed
- Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, 20910, USA
| | - Richard J Sciotti
- National Institutes of Health, Office of Biodefense, Research Resources and Translational Research, 5601 Fishers Lane, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Gert-Jan Wijnant
- London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Infections and Tropical Diseases, Keppel Street, London, WC1E 7HT, United Kingdom
| | - Vanessa Yardley
- London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Infections and Tropical Diseases, Keppel Street, London, WC1E 7HT, United Kingdom
| | - Stéphanie Braillard
- Drugs for Neglected Disease initiative (DNDi), Chemin Louis Dunant 15, 1202, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Charles E Mowbray
- Drugs for Neglected Disease initiative (DNDi), Chemin Louis Dunant 15, 1202, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Jean-Robert Ioset
- Drugs for Neglected Disease initiative (DNDi), Chemin Louis Dunant 15, 1202, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Simon L Croft
- London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Infections and Tropical Diseases, Keppel Street, London, WC1E 7HT, United Kingdom.
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18
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Lunde CS, Stebbins EE, Jumani RS, Hasan MM, Miller P, Barlow J, Freund YR, Berry P, Stefanakis R, Gut J, Rosenthal PJ, Love MS, McNamara CW, Easom E, Plattner JJ, Jacobs RT, Huston CD. Identification of a potent benzoxaborole drug candidate for treating cryptosporidiosis. Nat Commun 2019; 10:2816. [PMID: 31249291 PMCID: PMC6597546 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-10687-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2018] [Accepted: 05/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Cryptosporidiosis is a leading cause of life-threatening diarrhea in young children and causes chronic diarrhea in AIDS patients, but the only approved treatment is ineffective in malnourished children and immunocompromised people. We here use a drug repositioning strategy and identify a promising anticryptosporidial drug candidate. Screening a library of benzoxaboroles comprised of analogs to four antiprotozoal chemical scaffolds under pre-clinical development for neglected tropical diseases for Cryptosporidium growth inhibitors identifies the 6-carboxamide benzoxaborole AN7973. AN7973 blocks intracellular parasite development, appears to be parasiticidal, and potently inhibits the two Cryptosporidium species most relevant to human health, C. parvum and C. hominis. It is efficacious in murine models of both acute and established infection, and in a neonatal dairy calf model of cryptosporidiosis. AN7973 also possesses favorable safety, stability, and PK parameters, and therefore, is an exciting drug candidate for treating cryptosporidiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Erin E Stebbins
- Department of Medicine, University of Vermont Robert R. Larner College of Medicine, Burlington, VT, 05405, USA
| | - Rajiv S Jumani
- Department of Medicine, University of Vermont Robert R. Larner College of Medicine, Burlington, VT, 05405, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Vermont College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Burlington, VT, 05405, USA
| | - Md Mahmudul Hasan
- Department of Medicine, University of Vermont Robert R. Larner College of Medicine, Burlington, VT, 05405, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Vermont College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Burlington, VT, 05405, USA
| | - Peter Miller
- Department of Medicine, University of Vermont Robert R. Larner College of Medicine, Burlington, VT, 05405, USA
| | - John Barlow
- Department of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, University of Vermont College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Burlington, VT, 05405, USA
| | | | - Pamela Berry
- Anacor Pharmaceuticals, Palo Alto, CA, 4230, USA
| | | | - Jiri Gut
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Philip J Rosenthal
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | | | | | - Eric Easom
- Anacor Pharmaceuticals, Palo Alto, CA, 4230, USA
| | | | | | - Christopher D Huston
- Department of Medicine, University of Vermont Robert R. Larner College of Medicine, Burlington, VT, 05405, USA.
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Vermont College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Burlington, VT, 05405, USA.
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Abstract
Abstract
Leishmaniasis is a group of zoonotic diseases caused by a trypanosomatid parasite mostly in impoverished populations of low-income countries. In their different forms, leishmaniasis is prevalent in more than 98 countries all over the world and approximately 360-million people are at risk. Since no vaccine is currently available to prevent any form of the disease, the control strategy of leishmaniasis mainly relies on early case detection followed by adequate pharmacological treatment that may improve the prognosis and can reduce transmission. A handful of compounds and formulations are available for the treatment of leishmaniasis in humans, but only few of them are currently in use since most of these agents are associated with toxicity problems such as nephrotoxicity and cardiotoxicity in addition to resistance problems. In recent decades, very few novel drugs, new formulations of standard drugs or combinations of them have been approved against leishmaniasis. This review highlights the current drugs and combinations that are used medical practice and recent advances in new treatments against leishmaniasis that were pointed out in the recent 2nd Conference, Global Challenges in Neglected Tropical Diseases, held in San Juan, Puerto Rico in June 2018, emphasizing the plethora of new families of molecules that are bridging the gap between preclinical and first-in-man trials in next future.
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20
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Veale CGL. Unpacking the Pathogen Box-An Open Source Tool for Fighting Neglected Tropical Disease. ChemMedChem 2019; 14:386-453. [PMID: 30614200 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201800755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The Pathogen Box is a 400-strong collection of drug-like compounds, selected for their potential against several of the world's most important neglected tropical diseases, including trypanosomiasis, leishmaniasis, cryptosporidiosis, toxoplasmosis, filariasis, schistosomiasis, dengue virus and trichuriasis, in addition to malaria and tuberculosis. This library represents an ensemble of numerous successful drug discovery programmes from around the globe, aimed at providing a powerful resource to stimulate open source drug discovery for diseases threatening the most vulnerable communities in the world. This review seeks to provide an in-depth analysis of the literature pertaining to the compounds in the Pathogen Box, including structure-activity relationship highlights, mechanisms of action, related compounds with reported activity against different diseases, and, where appropriate, discussion on the known and putative targets of compounds, thereby providing context and increasing the accessibility of the Pathogen Box to the drug discovery community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clinton G L Veale
- School of Chemistry and Physics, Pietermaritzburg Campus, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X01, Scottsville, 3209, South Africa
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Cullia G, Tamborini L, Conti P, De Micheli C, Pinto A. Folates in Trypanosoma brucei
: Achievements and Opportunities. ChemMedChem 2018; 13:2150-2158. [DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201800500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gregorio Cullia
- Institute of Biomolecules Max Mousseron (IBMM); UMR5247; CNRS; University of Montpellier; ENSCM; Place Eugène Battaillon 34095 Montpellier cedex 5 France
| | - Lucia Tamborini
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences (DISFARM); University of Milan; via Luigi Mangiagalli 25 20133 Milano Italy
| | - Paola Conti
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences (DISFARM); University of Milan; via Luigi Mangiagalli 25 20133 Milano Italy
| | - Carlo De Micheli
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences (DISFARM); University of Milan; via Luigi Mangiagalli 25 20133 Milano Italy
| | - Andrea Pinto
- Department of Food Environmental and Nutritional Sciences; University of Milan; via Giovanni Celoria 2 20133 Milano Italy
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Abstract
African trypanosomes cause lethal and neglected tropical diseases, known as sleeping sickness in humans and nagana in animals. Current therapies are limited, but fortunately, promising therapies are in advanced clinical and veterinary development, including acoziborole (AN5568 or SCYX-7158) and AN11736, respectively. These benzoxaboroles will likely be key to the World Health Organization's target of disease control by 2030. Their mode of action was previously unknown. We have developed a high-coverage overexpression library and use it here to explore drug mode of action in Trypanosoma brucei Initially, an inhibitor with a known target was used to select for drug resistance and to test massive parallel library screening and genome-wide mapping; this effectively identified the known target and validated the approach. Subsequently, the overexpression screening approach was used to identify the target of the benzoxaboroles, Cleavage and Polyadenylation Specificity Factor 3 (CPSF3, Tb927.4.1340). We validated the CPSF3 endonuclease as the target, using independent overexpression strains. Knockdown provided genetic validation of CPSF3 as essential, and GFP tagging confirmed the expected nuclear localization. Molecular docking and CRISPR-Cas9-based editing demonstrated how acoziborole can specifically block the active site and mRNA processing by parasite, but not host CPSF3. Thus, our findings provide both genetic and chemical validation for CPSF3 as an important drug target in trypanosomes and reveal inhibition of mRNA maturation as the mode of action of the trypanocidal benzoxaboroles. Understanding the mechanism of action of benzoxaborole-based therapies can assist development of improved therapies, as well as the prediction and monitoring of resistance, if or when it arises.
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Leishmania donovani Parasites Are Inhibited by the Benzoxaborole AN2690 Targeting Leucyl-tRNA Synthetase. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2018; 62:AAC.00079-18. [PMID: 29941647 DOI: 10.1128/aac.00079-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2018] [Accepted: 06/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Visceral leishmaniasis is an important public health threat in parts of India. It is caused by a protozoan parasite, Leishmania donovani Currently available drugs manifest severe side effects. Hence, there is a need to identify new drug targets and drugs. Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases, required for protein synthesis, are known drug targets for bacterial and fungal pathogens. The aim of the present study was to obtain essentiality data for Leishmania donovani leucyl-tRNA synthetase (LdLRS) by gene replacement. Gene replacement studies indicate that this enzyme plays an essential role in the viability of this pathogenic organism and appears to be indispensable for its survival in vitro The heterozygous mutant parasites demonstrated a growth deficit and reduced infectivity in mouse macrophages compared to the wild-type cells. We also report that Leishmania donovani recombinant LRS displayed aminoacylation activity and that the protein localized to both the cytosol and the mitochondrion. A broad-spectrum antifungal, 5-fluoro-1,3-dihydro-1-hydroxy-2,1-benzoxaborole (AN2690), was found to inhibit parasite growth in both the promastigote and amastigote stages in vitro as well as in vivo in BALB/c mice. This compound exhibited low toxicity to mammalian cells. AN2690 was effective in inhibiting the aminoacylation activity of the recombinant LdLRS. We provide preliminary chemical validation of LdLRS as a drug target by showing that AN2690 is an inhibitor both of L. donovani LRS and of L. donovani cell growth.
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Berry SL, Hameed H, Thomason A, Maciej-Hulme ML, Saif Abou-Akkada S, Horrocks P, Price HP. Development of NanoLuc-PEST expressing Leishmania mexicana as a new drug discovery tool for axenic- and intramacrophage-based assays. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2018; 12:e0006639. [PMID: 30001317 PMCID: PMC6057649 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0006639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2018] [Revised: 07/24/2018] [Accepted: 06/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The protozoan parasite Leishmania causes leishmaniasis; a spectrum of diseases of which there are an estimated 1 million new cases each year. Current treatments are toxic, expensive, difficult to administer, and resistance to them is emerging. New therapeutics are urgently needed, however, screening the infective amastigote form of the parasite is challenging. Only certain species can be differentiated into axenic amastigotes, and compound activity against these does not always correlate with efficacy against the parasite in its intracellular niche. Methods used to assess compound efficacy on intracellular amastigotes often rely on microscopy-based assays. These are laborious, require specialist equipment and can only determine parasite burden, not parasite viability. We have addressed this clear need in the anti-leishmanial drug discovery process by producing a transgenic L. mexicana cell line that expresses the luciferase NanoLuc-PEST. We tested the sensitivity and versatility of this transgenic strain, in comparison with strains expressing NanoLuc and the red-shifted firefly luciferase. We then compared the NanoLuc-PEST luciferase to the current methods in both axenic and intramacrophage amastigotes following treatment with a supralethal dose of Amphotericin B. NanoLuc-PEST was a more dynamic indicator of cell viability due to its high turnover rate and high signal:background ratio. This, coupled with its sensitivity in the intramacrophage assay, led us to validate the NanoLuc-PEST expressing cell line using the MMV Pathogen Box in a two-step process: i) identify hits against axenic amastigotes, ii) screen these hits using our bioluminescence-based intramacrophage assay. The data obtained from this highlights the potential of compounds active against M. tuberculosis to be re-purposed for use against Leishmania. Our transgenic L. mexicana cell line is therefore a highly sensitive and dynamic system suitable for Leishmania drug discovery in axenic and intramacrophage amastigote models. The protozoan parasite Leishmania causes a spectrum of diseases collectively known as leishmaniasis. The parasite is transmitted to humans by the bite of its vector, the sand fly, following which the parasite invades host white blood cells, particularly macrophages. Leishmaniasis is classified as a neglected tropical disease, and is endemic in 97 countries. Symptoms of the disease depend on the species of Leishmania. These include skin lesions, destruction of the mucosal membranes, and the visceral form which is usually fatal if untreated. Current therapeutic options for leishmaniasis have a number of associated problems that include toxicity, the development of drug resistance and poor patient compliance due to lengthy and painful treatment regimens. New therapeutics are therefore urgently needed. The ability to screen potential drug candidates requires robust screening assays. Currently, screening the intracellular parasite relies on microscopy-based techniques that require expensive equipment, are time consuming and only detect parasite burden, not viability. By using a transgenic cell line that expresses the NanoLuc-PEST luciferase, we show that we have a parasite-specific viability marker that can be used to measure the efficacy of compounds against the intracellular parasite. We validate the potential of this cell line by screening the MMV Pathogen Box.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah L. Berry
- Centre for Applied Entomology and Parasitology, School of Life Sciences, Keele University, Newcastle-under-Lyme, Staffordshire, United Kingdom
| | - Hamza Hameed
- Institute for Science and Technology in Medicine, Keele University, Newcastle-under-Lyme, Staffordshire, United Kingdom
| | - Anna Thomason
- Centre for Applied Entomology and Parasitology, School of Life Sciences, Keele University, Newcastle-under-Lyme, Staffordshire, United Kingdom
- Current address: School of Environment and Life Sciences, University of Salford, Salford, United Kingdom
| | - Marissa L. Maciej-Hulme
- Radboud University Medical Center, Department of Nephrology, Geert Grooteplein 10, GA Nijmegan, The Netherlands
| | - Somaia Saif Abou-Akkada
- Centre for Applied Entomology and Parasitology, School of Life Sciences, Keele University, Newcastle-under-Lyme, Staffordshire, United Kingdom
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Paul Horrocks
- Centre for Applied Entomology and Parasitology, School of Life Sciences, Keele University, Newcastle-under-Lyme, Staffordshire, United Kingdom
- Institute for Science and Technology in Medicine, Keele University, Newcastle-under-Lyme, Staffordshire, United Kingdom
| | - Helen P. Price
- Centre for Applied Entomology and Parasitology, School of Life Sciences, Keele University, Newcastle-under-Lyme, Staffordshire, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
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Melarsoprol Resistance in African Trypanosomiasis. Trends Parasitol 2018; 34:481-492. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pt.2018.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2018] [Revised: 04/03/2018] [Accepted: 04/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Nocentini A, Supuran CT, Winum JY. Benzoxaborole compounds for therapeutic uses: a patent review (2010- 2018). Expert Opin Ther Pat 2018; 28:493-504. [PMID: 29727210 DOI: 10.1080/13543776.2018.1473379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Benzoxaborole is a versatile boron-heterocyclic scaffold which has found in the last 10 years a broad spectrum of applications in medicinal chemistry, due to its physicochemical and drug-like properties. Use of benzoxaborole moiety in the design of compounds led to the discovery of new classes of anti-bacterial, anti-fungal, anti-protozoal, anti-viral as well as anti-inflammatory agents with interesting drug development perspectives. AREAS COVERED This article reviews the patent literature as well as chemistry literature during the period 2010-2018 where in several benzoxaborole derivatives with therapeutic options were reported. EXPERT OPINION Two benzoxaborole derivatives are already clinically used for the treatment of onychomycosis (tavaborole) and atopic dermatitis (crisaborole), with several others in various phases of clinical trials. By inhibiting enzymes essential in the life cycle of fungal, protozoan, bacterial and viral pathogens, it is probable that other compounds may soon enter the armamentarium of anti-infective agents. On the other hand, phosphodiesterase 4 seems to be the human target responsible of the anti-inflammatory action of some benzoxaboroles. The chemical versatility, peculiar mechanism of action related to the electron deficient nature of the boron atom, and ease of preparation make benzoxaboroles a highly interesting field for the pharmaceutical industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessio Nocentini
- a Department of Neurofarba, Section of Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Sciences , University of Florence, Polo Scientifico , Firenze , Italy.,b Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM), UMR 5247 CNRS, ENSCM , Université de Montpellier , Montpellier , France
| | - Claudiu T Supuran
- a Department of Neurofarba, Section of Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Sciences , University of Florence, Polo Scientifico , Firenze , Italy
| | - Jean-Yves Winum
- b Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM), UMR 5247 CNRS, ENSCM , Université de Montpellier , Montpellier , France
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Van Bocxlaer K, Gaukel E, Hauser D, Park SH, Schock S, Yardley V, Randolph R, Plattner JJ, Merchant T, Croft SL, Jacobs RT, Wring SA. Topical Treatment for Cutaneous Leishmaniasis: Dermato-Pharmacokinetic Lead Optimization of Benzoxaboroles. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2018; 62:e02419-17. [PMID: 29507073 PMCID: PMC5923108 DOI: 10.1128/aac.02419-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2017] [Accepted: 02/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is caused by several species of the protozoan parasite Leishmania, affecting an estimated 10 million people worldwide. Previously reported strategies for the development of topical CL treatments have focused primarily on drug permeation and formulation optimization as the means to increase treatment efficacy. Our approach aims to identify compounds with antileishmanial activity and properties consistent with topical administration. Of the test compounds, five benzoxaboroles showed potent activity (50% effective concentration [EC50] < 5 μM) against intracellular amastigotes of at least one Leishmania species and acceptable activity (20 μM < EC50 < 30 μM) against two more species. Benzoxaborole compounds were further prioritized on the basis of the in vitro evaluation of progression criteria related to skin permeation, such as the partition coefficient and solubility. An MDCKII-hMDR1 cell assay showed overall good permeability and no significant interaction with the P-glycoprotein transporter for all substrates except LSH002 and LSH031. The benzoxaboroles were degraded, to some extent, by skin enzymes but had stability superior to that of para-hydroxybenzoate compounds, which are known skin esterase substrates. Evaluation of permeation through reconstructed human epidermis showed LSH002 to be the most permeant, followed by LSH003 and LSH001. Skin disposition studies following finite drug formulation application to mouse skin demonstrated the highest permeation for LSH001, followed by LSH003 and LSH002, with a significantly larger amount of LSH001 than the other compounds being retained in skin. Finally, the efficacy of the leads (LSH001, LSH002, and LSH003) against Leishmania major was tested in vivo LSH001 suppressed lesion growth upon topical application, and LSH003 reduced the lesion size following oral administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrien Van Bocxlaer
- London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Infections and Tropical Diseases, London, United Kingdom
| | - Eric Gaukel
- Scynexis Inc., Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Deirdre Hauser
- Scynexis Inc., Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Seong Hee Park
- Scynexis Inc., Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Sara Schock
- Scynexis Inc., Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Vanessa Yardley
- London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Infections and Tropical Diseases, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ryan Randolph
- Scynexis Inc., Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | | | - Tejal Merchant
- Anacor Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Palo Alto, California, USA
| | - Simon L Croft
- London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Infections and Tropical Diseases, London, United Kingdom
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Okombo J, Chibale K. Recent updates in the discovery and development of novel antimalarial drug candidates. MEDCHEMCOMM 2018; 9:437-453. [PMID: 30108934 PMCID: PMC6071755 DOI: 10.1039/c7md00637c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2017] [Accepted: 02/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Though morbidity and mortality due to malaria have declined in the last 15 years, emerging resistance to first-line artemisinin-based antimalarials, absence of efficacious vaccines and limited chemotherapeutic alternatives imperil the consolidation of these gains. As a blueprint to steer future designs of new medicines, malaria drug discovery recently adopted a descriptive proposal for the ideal candidate molecules and drugs likely to successfully progress into the final stages of clinical development. As an audit of recent developments in the chemotherapy of malaria in the last five years, this review captures a landscape of diverse molecules at various stages of drug development and discusses their progress. In brief, we also discuss how omics data on Plasmodium has been extensively leveraged to identify potential vaccine candidates and putative targets of molecules in development and clinical use as well as map loci implicit in their modes of resistance. Future perspective on malaria drug development should involve a reconciliation of some of the challenges of the target candidate profiles (TCPs), specifically TCP3, with the promise of effective anti-hypnozoite medicines. Similarly, with the recent development of a humanized mouse model that can evaluate the prophylactic potential of candidate drugs, we argue for increased effort at identifying more liver-stage molecules, which are often only secondarily prioritized in conventional screening programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Okombo
- Department of Chemistry , University of Cape Town , Rondebosch 7701 , South Africa .
| | - Kelly Chibale
- Department of Chemistry , University of Cape Town , Rondebosch 7701 , South Africa .
- South African Medical Research Council Drug Discovery and Development Research Unit , Department of Chemistry and Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine , University of Cape Town , Rondebosch 7701 , South Africa
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Nocentini A, Cadoni R, Dumy P, Supuran CT, Winum JY. Carbonic anhydrases from Trypanosoma cruzi and Leishmania donovani chagasi are inhibited by benzoxaboroles. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2018; 33:286-289. [PMID: 29278948 PMCID: PMC6009872 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2017.1414808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
A series of 6-substituted ureido- and thioureido-benzoxaboroles were investigated as inhibitors of carbonic anhydrases from Trypanosoma cruzi (TcCA), and Leishmania donovani chagasi (LdcCA). Both enzymes were inhibited by benzoxaboroles in the micromolar range. Preferential inhibitory potency against the β-CA LdcCA versus the α-CA TcCA was observed with submicromolar inhibitory activities. Some derivatives displayed excellent inhibitory and selectivity profile over the ubiquitous and physiological relevant human off-target hCA II. This study provides a convincing opportunity to study benzoxaborole scaffold for the design of antiprotozoan potential drugs targeting the pathogen's carbonic anhydrases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessio Nocentini
- a Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM), UMR 5247 CNRS, ENSCM, Université de Montpellier , Montpellier Cedex , France.,b NEUROFARBA Department, Section of Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Sciences , University of Florence, Polo Scientifico , Firenze , Italy
| | - Roberta Cadoni
- a Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM), UMR 5247 CNRS, ENSCM, Université de Montpellier , Montpellier Cedex , France
| | - Pascal Dumy
- a Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM), UMR 5247 CNRS, ENSCM, Université de Montpellier , Montpellier Cedex , France
| | - Claudiu T Supuran
- b NEUROFARBA Department, Section of Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Sciences , University of Florence, Polo Scientifico , Firenze , Italy
| | - Jean-Yves Winum
- a Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM), UMR 5247 CNRS, ENSCM, Université de Montpellier , Montpellier Cedex , France
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Thompson AM, Marshall AJ, Maes L, Yarlett N, Bacchi CJ, Gaukel E, Wring SA, Launay D, Braillard S, Chatelain E, Mowbray CE, Denny WA. Assessment of a pretomanid analogue library for African trypanosomiasis: Hit-to-lead studies on 6-substituted 2-nitro-6,7-dihydro-5H-imidazo[2,1-b][1,3]thiazine 8-oxides. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2017; 28:207-213. [PMID: 29191556 PMCID: PMC5840523 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2017.10.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2017] [Revised: 10/18/2017] [Accepted: 10/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
A 900 compound nitroimidazole-based library derived from our pretomanid backup program with TB Alliance was screened for utility against human African trypanosomiasis (HAT) by the Drugs for Neglected Diseases initiative. Potent hits included 2-nitro-6,7-dihydro-5H-imidazo[2,1-b][1,3]thiazine 8-oxides, which surprisingly displayed good metabolic stability and excellent cell permeability. Following comprehensive mouse pharmacokinetic assessments on four hits and determination of the most active chiral form, a thiazine oxide counterpart of pretomanid (24) was identified as the best lead. With once daily oral dosing, this compound delivered complete cures in an acute infection mouse model of HAT and increased survival times in a stage 2 model, implying the need for more prolonged CNS exposure. In preliminary SAR findings, antitrypanosomal activity was reduced by removal of the benzylic methylene but enhanced through a phenylpyridine-based side chain, providing important direction for future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew M Thompson
- Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre, School of Medical Sciences, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand.
| | - Andrew J Marshall
- Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre, School of Medical Sciences, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Louis Maes
- Laboratory for Microbiology, Parasitology and Hygiene, Faculty of Pharmaceutical, Biomedical and Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, B-2610 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Nigel Yarlett
- Haskins Laboratories, Pace University, NY 10038, USA
| | | | - Eric Gaukel
- Scynexis, Inc., Research Triangle Park, NC 27713, USA
| | | | - Delphine Launay
- Drugs for Neglected Diseases initiative, 15 Chemin Louis Dunant, 1202 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Stephanie Braillard
- Drugs for Neglected Diseases initiative, 15 Chemin Louis Dunant, 1202 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Eric Chatelain
- Drugs for Neglected Diseases initiative, 15 Chemin Louis Dunant, 1202 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Charles E Mowbray
- Drugs for Neglected Diseases initiative, 15 Chemin Louis Dunant, 1202 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - William A Denny
- Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre, School of Medical Sciences, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
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Berninger M, Schmidt I, Ponte-Sucre A, Holzgrabe U. Novel lead compounds in pre-clinical development against African sleeping sickness. MEDCHEMCOMM 2017; 8:1872-1890. [PMID: 30108710 PMCID: PMC6072528 DOI: 10.1039/c7md00280g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2017] [Accepted: 07/29/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Human African trypanosomiasis (HAT), also known as African sleeping sickness, is caused by parasitic protozoa of the genus Trypanosoma. As the disease progresses, the parasites cross the blood brain barrier and are lethal for the patients if the disease is left untreated. Current therapies suffer from several drawbacks due to e.g. toxicity of the respective compounds or resistance to approved antitrypanosomal drugs. In this review, the different strategies of drug development against HAT are considered, namely the target-based approach, the phenotypic high throughput screening and the drug repurposing strategy. The most promising compounds emerging from these approaches entering an in vivo evaluation are mentioned herein. Of note, it may turn out to be difficult to confirm in vitro activity in an animal model of infection; however, possible reasons for the missing efficacy in unsuccessful in vivo studies are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Berninger
- Institute of Pharmacy and Food Chemistry , University of Würzburg , Am Hubland , 97074 Würzburg , Germany .
| | - Ines Schmidt
- Institute of Pharmacy and Food Chemistry , University of Würzburg , Am Hubland , 97074 Würzburg , Germany .
| | - Alicia Ponte-Sucre
- Laboratory of Molecular Physiology , Institute of Experimental Medicine , Luis Razetti School of Medicine , Faculty of Medicine , Universidad Central de Venezuela Caracas , Venezuela . Tel: +0931 31 85461
| | - Ulrike Holzgrabe
- Institute of Pharmacy and Food Chemistry , University of Würzburg , Am Hubland , 97074 Würzburg , Germany .
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Lafitte G, Kunihiro K, Bonneaud C, Dréan B, Gaigne F, Parnet V, Pierre R, Raffin C, Vatinel R, Fournier JF, Musicki B, Ouvry G, Bouix-Peter C, Tomas L, Harris CS. A convenient one-pot synthesis of boroxoles from diboronic acid. Tetrahedron Lett 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2017.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Screening the Medicines for Malaria Venture Pathogen Box across Multiple Pathogens Reclassifies Starting Points for Open-Source Drug Discovery. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2017; 61:AAC.00379-17. [PMID: 28674055 PMCID: PMC5571359 DOI: 10.1128/aac.00379-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2017] [Accepted: 06/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Open-access drug discovery provides a substantial resource for diseases primarily affecting the poor and disadvantaged. The open-access Pathogen Box collection is comprised of compounds with demonstrated biological activity against specific pathogenic organisms. The supply of this resource by the Medicines for Malaria Venture has the potential to provide new chemical starting points for a number of tropical and neglected diseases, through repurposing of these compounds for use in drug discovery campaigns for these additional pathogens. We tested the Pathogen Box against kinetoplastid parasites and malaria life cycle stages in vitro Consequently, chemical starting points for malaria, human African trypanosomiasis, Chagas disease, and leishmaniasis drug discovery efforts have been identified. Inclusive of this in vitro biological evaluation, outcomes from extensive literature reviews and database searches are provided. This information encompasses commercial availability, literature reference citations, other aliases and ChEMBL number with associated biological activity, where available. The release of this new data for the Pathogen Box collection into the public domain will aid the open-source model of drug discovery. Importantly, this will provide novel chemical starting points for drug discovery and target identification in tropical disease research.
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Long T, Rojo-Arreola L, Shi D, El-Sakkary N, Jarnagin K, Rock F, Meewan M, Rascón AA, Lin L, Cunningham KA, Lemieux GA, Podust L, Abagyan R, Ashrafi K, McKerrow JH, Caffrey CR. Phenotypic, chemical and functional characterization of cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE4) as a potential anthelmintic drug target. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2017; 11:e0005680. [PMID: 28704396 PMCID: PMC5526615 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0005680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2016] [Revised: 07/25/2017] [Accepted: 06/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Reliance on just one drug to treat the prevalent tropical disease, schistosomiasis, spurs the search for new drugs and drug targets. Inhibitors of human cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases (huPDEs), including PDE4, are under development as novel drugs to treat a range of chronic indications including asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and Alzheimer's disease. One class of huPDE4 inhibitors that has yielded marketed drugs is the benzoxaboroles (Anacor Pharmaceuticals). METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS A phenotypic screen involving Schistosoma mansoni and 1,085 benzoxaboroles identified a subset of huPDE4 inhibitors that induced parasite hypermotility and degeneration. To uncover the putative schistosome PDE4 target, we characterized four PDE4 sequences (SmPDE4A-D) in the parasite's genome and transcriptome, and cloned and recombinantly expressed the catalytic domain of SmPDE4A. Among a set of benzoxaboroles and catechol inhibitors that differentially inhibit huPDE4, a relationship between the inhibition of SmPDE4A, and parasite hypermotility and degeneration, was measured. To validate SmPDE4A as the benzoxaborole molecular target, we first generated Caenorhabditis elegans lines that express a cDNA for smpde4a on a pde4(ce268) mutant (hypermotile) background: the smpde4a transgene restored mutant worm motility to that of the wild type. We then showed that benzoxaborole inhibitors of SmPDE4A that induce hypermotility in the schistosome also elicit a hypermotile response in the C. elegans lines that express the smpde4a transgene, thereby confirming SmPDE4A as the relevant target. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE The orthogonal chemical, biological and genetic strategies employed identify SmPDE4A's contribution to parasite motility and degeneration, and its potential as a drug target. Transgenic C. elegans is highlighted as a potential screening tool to optimize small molecule chemistries to flatworm molecular drug targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thavy Long
- Center for Discovery and Innovation in Parasitic Diseases, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
- Department of Pathology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Liliana Rojo-Arreola
- Center for Discovery and Innovation in Parasitic Diseases, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
- Department of Pathology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Da Shi
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Nelly El-Sakkary
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Kurt Jarnagin
- Anacor Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Palo Alto, California, United States of America
| | - Fernando Rock
- Anacor Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Palo Alto, California, United States of America
| | - Maliwan Meewan
- Anacor Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Palo Alto, California, United States of America
| | - Alberto A. Rascón
- Center for Discovery and Innovation in Parasitic Diseases, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
- Department of Pathology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Lin Lin
- Department of Physiology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Katherine A. Cunningham
- Department of Physiology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - George A. Lemieux
- Department of Physiology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Larissa Podust
- Center for Discovery and Innovation in Parasitic Diseases, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
- Department of Pathology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Ruben Abagyan
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Kaveh Ashrafi
- Department of Physiology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - James H. McKerrow
- Center for Discovery and Innovation in Parasitic Diseases, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
- Department of Pathology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Conor R. Caffrey
- Center for Discovery and Innovation in Parasitic Diseases, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
- Department of Pathology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Hazra G, Maity S, Bhowmick S, Ghorai P. Organocatalytic, enantioselective synthesis of benzoxaboroles via Wittig/oxa-Michael reaction Cascade of α-formyl boronic acids. Chem Sci 2017; 8:3026-3030. [PMID: 28451370 PMCID: PMC5380879 DOI: 10.1039/c6sc04522g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2016] [Accepted: 01/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
An unprecedented enantioselective synthesis of 3-substituted benzoxaboroles has been developed. An in situ generated ortho-boronic acid containing chalcone provides the chiral benzoxaboroles via an asymmetric oxa-Michael addition of hydroxyl group attached to the boronic acid triggered by the cinchona alkaloid based chiral amino-squaramide catalysts. In general, good yields with good to excellent enantioselectivities (up to 99%) were obtained. The resulting benzoxaboroles were converted to the corresponding chiral β-hydroxy ketones without affecting the enantioselectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gurupada Hazra
- Department of Chemistry , Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal , Bhopal By-pass Road, Bhauri , Bhopal-462066 , India .
| | - Sanjay Maity
- Department of Chemistry , Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal , Bhopal By-pass Road, Bhauri , Bhopal-462066 , India .
| | - Sudipto Bhowmick
- Department of Chemistry , Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal , Bhopal By-pass Road, Bhauri , Bhopal-462066 , India .
| | - Prasanta Ghorai
- Department of Chemistry , Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal , Bhopal By-pass Road, Bhauri , Bhopal-462066 , India .
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Vshyvenko S, Clapson ML, Suzuki I, Hall DG. Characterization of the Dynamic Equilibrium between Closed and Open Forms of the Benzoxaborole Pharmacophore. ACS Med Chem Lett 2016; 7:1097-1101. [PMID: 27994745 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.6b00300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2016] [Accepted: 09/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Benzoxaboroles are a class of five-membered hemiboronic acids that recently attracted significant attention as a new pharmacophore on account of their unique structural and physicochemical properties and their ability to interact selectively with biomolecules. Their structural behavior in water and its effect on their physiological properties remain unclear, especially the question of dynamic hydrolytic equilibrium of the oxaborole ring. Herein, we used NMR spectroscopy, in mixed aqueous-organic solvent, to confirm the strong preference for the closed form of benzoxaborole and its six- and seven-membered homologues over the open boronic acid form. Only with the eight-membered homologue does the cyclic form become unfavorable. Using dynamic VT-NMR studies with designed probe compound 20, we demonstrate that the oxaborole ring undergoes rapid hydrolytic ring closing-opening at ambient temperature at a rate of >100 Hz via a mechanism featuring rate-limiting proton-transfer steps. This knowledge can help provide a better understanding of the behavior of benzoxaboroles in biological systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergey Vshyvenko
- Department of Chemistry,
4-010 Centennial Centre for Interdisciplinary Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G2, Canada
| | - Marissa L. Clapson
- Department of Chemistry,
4-010 Centennial Centre for Interdisciplinary Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G2, Canada
| | - Itaru Suzuki
- Department of Chemistry,
4-010 Centennial Centre for Interdisciplinary Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G2, Canada
| | - Dennis G. Hall
- Department of Chemistry,
4-010 Centennial Centre for Interdisciplinary Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G2, Canada
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Rodriguez JB, Falcone BN, Szajnman SH. Detection and treatment ofTrypanosoma cruzi: a patent review (2011-2015). Expert Opin Ther Pat 2016; 26:993-1015. [DOI: 10.1080/13543776.2016.1209487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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39
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Alam MA, Arora K, Gurrapu S, Jonnalagadda SK, Nelson GL, Kiprof P, Jonnalagadda SC, Mereddy VR. Synthesis and evaluation of functionalized benzoboroxoles as potential anti-tuberculosis agents. Tetrahedron 2016; 72:3795-3801. [PMID: 27642196 PMCID: PMC5021310 DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2016.03.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Several derivatives of aminobenzoboroxole have been prepared starting from 2-boronobenzaldehyde. All of these derivatives have been evaluated for their anti-mycobacterial activity on Mycobacterium smegmatis and cytotoxicity on breast cancer cell line MCF7. Based on these studies, all the tested molecules have been found to be generally non-toxic and benzoboroxoles with unsubstituted (primary) amines have been found to exhibit good anti-mycobacterial activity. Some of the key compounds have been evaluated for their anti-tubercular activity on Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv using 7H9 and GAST media. 7-Bromo-6-aminobenzoboroxole 4 has been identified as the lead candidate compound for further development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad A. Alam
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Rowan University, Glassboro, NJ 08028, USA
| | - Kriti Arora
- Tuberculosis Research Section, Laboratory of Clinical Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - Shirisha Gurrapu
- Integrated Biosciences Graduate Program, University of Minnesota, MN 55812, USA
| | | | - Grady L. Nelson
- Integrated Biosciences Graduate Program, University of Minnesota, MN 55812, USA
| | - Paul Kiprof
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Minnesota Duluth, Duluth, MN 55812, USA
| | - Subash C. Jonnalagadda
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Rowan University, Glassboro, NJ 08028, USA
- Department of Biomedical and Translational Sciences, Rowan University, Glassboro, NJ 08028, USA
| | - Venkatram R. Mereddy
- Integrated Biosciences Graduate Program, University of Minnesota, MN 55812, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Minnesota Duluth, Duluth, MN 55812, USA
- Department of Pharmacy Practice and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Minnesota, Duluth, MN 55812, USA
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40
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Geiger A, Bossard G, Sereno D, Pissarra J, Lemesre JL, Vincendeau P, Holzmuller P. Escaping Deleterious Immune Response in Their Hosts: Lessons from Trypanosomatids. Front Immunol 2016; 7:212. [PMID: 27303406 PMCID: PMC4885876 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2016.00212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2016] [Accepted: 05/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The Trypanosomatidae family includes the genera Trypanosoma and Leishmania, protozoan parasites displaying complex digenetic life cycles requiring a vertebrate host and an insect vector. Trypanosoma brucei gambiense, Trypanosoma cruzi, and Leishmania spp. are important human pathogens causing human African trypanosomiasis (HAT or sleeping sickness), Chagas' disease, and various clinical forms of Leishmaniasis, respectively. They are transmitted to humans by tsetse flies, triatomine bugs, or sandflies, and affect millions of people worldwide. In humans, extracellular African trypanosomes (T. brucei) evade the hosts' immune defenses, allowing their transmission to the next host, via the tsetse vector. By contrast, T. cruzi and Leishmania sp. have developed a complex intracellular lifestyle, also preventing several mechanisms to circumvent the host's immune response. This review seeks to set out the immune evasion strategies developed by the different trypanosomatids resulting from parasite-host interactions and will focus on: clinical and epidemiological importance of diseases; life cycles: parasites-hosts-vectors; innate immunity: key steps for trypanosomatids in invading hosts; deregulation of antigen-presenting cells; disruption of efficient specific immunity; and the immune responses used for parasite proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Geiger
- UMR INTERTRYP, IRD-CIRAD, CIRAD TA A-17/G, Montpellier, France
| | | | - Denis Sereno
- UMR INTERTRYP, IRD-CIRAD, CIRAD TA A-17/G, Montpellier, France
| | - Joana Pissarra
- UMR INTERTRYP, IRD-CIRAD, CIRAD TA A-17/G, Montpellier, France
| | | | - Philippe Vincendeau
- UMR 177, IRD-CIRAD Université de Bordeaux Laboratoire de Parasitologie, Bordeaux, France
| | - Philippe Holzmuller
- UMRCMAEE CIRAD-INRA TA-A15/G “Contrôle des maladies animales exotiques et émergentes”, Montpellier, France
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Alterio V, Cadoni R, Esposito D, Vullo D, Fiore AD, Monti SM, Caporale A, Ruvo M, Sechi M, Dumy P, Supuran CT, Simone GD, Winum JY. Benzoxaborole as a new chemotype for carbonic anhydrase inhibition. Chem Commun (Camb) 2016; 52:11983-11986. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cc06399c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In this paper we provide the first experimental evidence that benzoxaboroles can be used as CA inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Roberta Cadoni
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM) UMR5247 CNRS, ENSCM
- Université de Montpellier
- Montpellier
- France
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Farmacia
| | | | - Daniela Vullo
- Laboratorio di Chimica Bioinorganica
- Polo Scientifico
- Università degli Studi di Firenze
- Sesto Fiorentino
- Florence
| | - Anna Di Fiore
- Istituto di Biostrutture e Bioimagini-CNR
- Naples
- Italy
| | | | | | - Menotti Ruvo
- Istituto di Biostrutture e Bioimagini-CNR
- Naples
- Italy
| | - Mario Sechi
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Farmacia
- Università degli Studi di Sassari
- Sassari
- Italy
| | - Pascal Dumy
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM) UMR5247 CNRS, ENSCM
- Université de Montpellier
- Montpellier
- France
| | - Claudiu T. Supuran
- Neurofarba Department
- Section of Pharmaceutical and Nutriceutical Sciences
- Università degli Studi di Firenze
- Florence
- Italy
| | | | - Jean-Yves Winum
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM) UMR5247 CNRS, ENSCM
- Université de Montpellier
- Montpellier
- France
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42
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Adamczyk-Woźniak A, Borys KM, Sporzyński A. Recent Developments in the Chemistry and Biological Applications of Benzoxaboroles. Chem Rev 2015; 115:5224-47. [DOI: 10.1021/cr500642d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Krzysztof M. Borys
- Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, Noakowskiego 3, 00-664 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Andrzej Sporzyński
- Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, Noakowskiego 3, 00-664 Warsaw, Poland
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Abstract
Transfer RNAs (tRNAs) are central players in the protein translation machinery and as such are prominent targets for a large number of natural and synthetic antibiotics. This review focuses on the role of tRNAs in bacterial antibiosis. We will discuss examples of antibiotics that target multiple stages in tRNA biology from tRNA biogenesis and modification, mature tRNAs, aminoacylation of tRNA as well as prevention of proper tRNA function by small molecules binding to the ribosome. Finally, the role of deacylated tRNAs in the bacterial “stringent response” mechanism that can lead to bacteria displaying antibiotic persistence phenotypes will be discussed.
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44
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Liu CT, Tomsho JW, Benkovic SJ. The unique chemistry of benzoxaboroles: current and emerging applications in biotechnology and therapeutic treatments. Bioorg Med Chem 2014; 22:4462-73. [PMID: 24864040 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2014.04.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2014] [Revised: 04/21/2014] [Accepted: 04/30/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Benzoxaboroles have garnered much attention in recent years due to their diverse applications in bio-sensing technology, material science, and therapeutic intervention. Part of the reason arises from the benzoxaboroles' unique chemical properties, especially in comparison to their acyclic boronic acid counterparts. Furthermore, the low bio-toxicity combined with the high target specificity associated with benzoxaboroles make them very attractive as therapeutic agents. Herein, we provide an updated summary on the current knowledge of the fundamental chemical reactivity of benzoxaboroles, followed by highlighting their major applications reported to date.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Tony Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, United States
| | - John W Tomsho
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of the Sciences, 600 S. 43rd Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104-4495, United States.
| | - Stephen J Benkovic
- Department of Chemistry, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, United States.
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Novel pyrrolobenzoxaboroles: design, synthesis, and biological evaluation against Trypanosoma brucei. Eur J Med Chem 2014; 81:59-75. [PMID: 24826816 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2014.04.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2014] [Revised: 04/25/2014] [Accepted: 04/26/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Human African trypanosomiasis is a fatal parasitic infection caused by the protozoan Trypanosoma brucei. The development of novel antitrypanosomal agents is urgently needed. Here we report the synthesis and structure-activity relationship of a new class of benzoxaboroles as antitrypanosomal agents. These compounds showed antiparasitic IC50 values ranging from 4.02 to 0.03 μg/mL and satisfactory cytotoxicity profile. Three of the lead compounds were demonstrated to cure the parasitic infection in a murine acute infection model. The structure-activity relationship of the pyrrolobenzoxaboroles are also discussed.
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46
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Bustamante JM, Tarleton RL. Potential new clinical therapies for Chagas disease. Expert Rev Clin Pharmacol 2014; 7:317-25. [DOI: 10.1586/17512433.2014.909282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Babokhov P, Sanyaolu AO, Oyibo WA, Fagbenro-Beyioku AF, Iriemenam NC. A current analysis of chemotherapy strategies for the treatment of human African trypanosomiasis. Pathog Glob Health 2014; 107:242-52. [PMID: 23916333 DOI: 10.1179/2047773213y.0000000105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the recent advances in drug research, finding a safe, effective, and easy to use chemotherapy for human African trypanosomiasis (HAT) remains a challenging task. The four current anti-trypanosomiasis drugs have major disadvantages that limit more widespread use of these drugs in the endemic regions of sub-Saharan Africa. Pentamidine and suramin are limited by their effectiveness against the only first stage of Trypanosoma brucei gambiense and Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense, respectively. In addition, melarsoprol and eflornithine (two second stage drugs) each have disadvantages of their own. The former is toxic and has increasing treatment failures while the latter is expensive, laborious to administer, and lacks efficacy against T. b. rhodesiense. Furthermore, melarsoprol's toxicity and decreasing efficacy are glaring problems and phasing out the drug as a frontline treatment against T. b. gambiense is now possible with the emergence of competent, safe combination chemotherapies such as nifurtimox-eflornithine combination treatment (NECT). The future of eflornithine, on the other hand, is more promising. The drug is useful in the context of combination chemotherapy and potential orally administered analogues. Due to the limits of monotherapies, greater emphasis should be placed on the research and development of combination chemotherapies, based on the successful clinical tests with NECT and its current use as a frontline anti-trypanosomiasis treatment. This review discussed the current and future chemotherapy strategies for the treatment of HAT.
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Holzmuller P, Grébaut P, Semballa S, Gonzatti MI, Geiger A. Proteomics: a new way to improve human African trypanosomiasis diagnosis? Expert Rev Proteomics 2014; 10:289-301. [DOI: 10.1586/epr.13.14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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49
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Akama T, Dong C, Virtucio C, Freund YR, Chen D, Orr MD, Jacobs RT, Zhang YK, Hernandez V, Liu Y, Wu A, Bu W, Liu L, Jarnagin K, Plattner JJ. Discovery and structure–activity relationships of 6-(benzoylamino)benzoxaboroles as orally active anti-inflammatory agents. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2013; 23:5870-3. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2013.08.096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2013] [Revised: 08/21/2013] [Accepted: 08/26/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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50
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Straightforward synthesis and crystal structures of the 3-piperazine-bisbenzoxaboroles and their boronic acid analogs. Tetrahedron 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2013.07.102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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