1
|
Zimmermann M, Fandrich M, Jakobi M, Röben B, Wurster I, Lerche S, Schulte C, Zimmermann S, Deuschle C, Schneiderhan-Marra N, Gasser T, Brockmann K. Association of elevated cerebrospinal fluid levels of the longevity protein α-Klotho with a delayed onset of cognitive impairment in Parkinson's disease patients. Eur J Neurol 2024:e16388. [PMID: 38946703 DOI: 10.1111/ene.16388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2024] [Revised: 06/05/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Parkinson's disease (PD) is an age-related condition characterized by substantial phenotypic variability. Consequently, pathways and proteins involved in biological aging, such as the central aging pathway comprising insulin-like growth factor 1-α-Klotho-sirtuin 1-forkhead box O3-peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ, may potentially influence disease progression. METHODS Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) levels of α-Klotho in 471 PD patients were examined. Of the 471 patients, 96 carried a GBA1 variant (PD GBA1), whilst the 375 non-carriers were classified as PD wild-type (PD WT). Each patient was stratified into a CSF α-Klotho tertile group based on the individual level. Kaplan-Meier survival curves and Cox regression analysis stratified by tertile groups were conducted. These longitudinal data were available for 255 patients. Follow-up times reached from 8.4 to 12.4 years. The stratification into PD WT and PD GBA1 was undertaken to evaluate potential continuum patterns, particularly in relation to CSF levels. RESULTS Higher CSF levels of α-Klotho were associated with a significant later onset of cognitive impairment. Elevated levels of α-Klotho in CSF were linked to higher Montreal Cognitive Assessment scores in male PD patients with GBA1 mutations. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that higher CSF levels of α-Klotho are associated with a delayed cognitive decline in PD. Notably, this correlation is more prominently observed in PD patients with GBA1 mutations, potentially reflecting the accelerated biological aging profile characteristic of individuals harboring GBA1 variants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Milan Zimmermann
- Center of Neurology, Department of Neurodegeneration and Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tuebingen, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), University of Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Madeleine Fandrich
- Natural and Medical Sciences Institute, University of Tuebingen, Reutlingen, Germany
| | - Meike Jakobi
- Natural and Medical Sciences Institute, University of Tuebingen, Reutlingen, Germany
| | - Benjamin Röben
- Center of Neurology, Department of Neurodegeneration and Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tuebingen, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), University of Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Isabel Wurster
- Center of Neurology, Department of Neurodegeneration and Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tuebingen, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), University of Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Stefanie Lerche
- Center of Neurology, Department of Neurodegeneration and Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tuebingen, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), University of Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Claudia Schulte
- Center of Neurology, Department of Neurodegeneration and Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tuebingen, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), University of Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Shahrzad Zimmermann
- Center of Neurology, Department of Neurodegeneration and Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Christian Deuschle
- Center of Neurology, Department of Neurodegeneration and Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tuebingen, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), University of Tuebingen, Germany
| | | | - Thomas Gasser
- Center of Neurology, Department of Neurodegeneration and Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tuebingen, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), University of Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Kathrin Brockmann
- Center of Neurology, Department of Neurodegeneration and Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tuebingen, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), University of Tuebingen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Ranjbar N, Raeisi M, Barzegar M, Ghorbanihaghjo A, Shiva S, Sadeghvand S, Negargar S, Poursistany H, Raeisi S. The possible anti-seizure properties of Klotho. Brain Res 2023; 1820:148555. [PMID: 37634687 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2023.148555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2023] [Revised: 07/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
Recurrent seizures in epilepsy may lead to progressive neuronal damage, which can diminish health-related quality of life. Evaluation and control of pathological processes in the brain is valuable. It seems imperative that new markers and approaches for seizure alleviation be discovered. Klotho (Kl), an antiaging protein, has protective effects in the brain against neurological disorders. It may also have antiseizure effects by improving creatine transfer to the brain, upregulating excitatory amino acid transporters, and inhibiting insulin/insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), Wingless (Wnt), transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β), and retinoic-acid-inducible gene-I (RIG-I)/nuclear translocation of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) pathways. Stimulation and activation of the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1 (ASK1)/p38 mitogen‑activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathways could also be considered other possible antiseizure mechanisms of Kl. In the present review, the roles of Kl in the central nervous system as well as its possible anti-seizure properties are discussed for the first time.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nasrin Ranjbar
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mohammadreza Raeisi
- Student Research Committee, Ahvaz Jondishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Barzegar
- Pediatric Health Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Amir Ghorbanihaghjo
- Biothechnology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Siamak Shiva
- Pediatric Health Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Shahram Sadeghvand
- Pediatric Health Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Sohrab Negargar
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Haniyeh Poursistany
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Sina Raeisi
- Pediatric Health Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Clinical Research Development Unit of Zahra Mardani Azari Children Educational and Treatment Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Wang F, Zheng J. Association between serum alpha-Klotho and severe abdominal aortic calcification among civilians in the United States. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2022; 32:1485-1492. [PMID: 35304049 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2022.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Revised: 01/30/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Abdominal aortic calcification (AAC) has been recognized as an independent predictor of cardiovascular disease (CVD) incidence and mortality. The aim of this cross-sectional study is to investigate the relationship between serum α-Klotho, an anti-aging hormone, and severe AAC in United States (US) civilians, which was not documented before. METHODS AND RESULTS The data were obtained from the 2013-2014 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), which included 2267 individuals aged 40-79 years. Serum α-Klotho concentration, categorized into four quartiles, was examined by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). AAC was quantified by the Kauppila score system based on dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. The association between serum α-Klotho and severe AAC was determined by multivariable logistic regression models. After adjusting for multiple covariates, the odds ratios (OR) (95% CI) of severe AAC for participants in serum α-Klotho quartiles 2-4 were 0.83 (0.52, 1.32), 0.56 (0.34, 0.94), and 0.54 (0.32, 0.92), respectively, compared with those in quartile 1 (P for trend = 0.007). The association between serum α-Klotho and severe AAC was stable in the different subgroups (all P for interaction>0.05). CONCLUSION In a sample of US adults, serum α-Klotho levels were negatively related to the risk of severe AAC. Our findings indicated that serum α-Klotho may become a promising tool to predict the incidence and prognosis of CVD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fang Wang
- Department of Cardiology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jingang Zheng
- Department of Cardiology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Lindblom J, Mohan C, Parodis I. Biomarkers in Neuropsychiatric Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: A Systematic Literature Review of the Last Decade. Brain Sci 2022; 12:192. [PMID: 35203955 PMCID: PMC8869794 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci12020192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Revised: 01/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Nervous system involvement in patients with SLE, termed neuropsychiatric SLE (NPSLE), constitutes a diagnostic challenge, and its management is still poorly optimised. This review summarises recent insights over the past decade in laboratory biomarkers of diagnosis, monitoring, and prognosis of NPSLE. An initial systematic search in the Medline and Web of Science was conducted to guide the selection of articles. Emerging diagnostic biomarkers in NPSLE that displayed satisfactory ability to discriminate between NPSLE and controls include serum interleukin (IL)-6, microRNA (miR)-23a, miR-155, and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) α-Klotho. CSF lipocalin-2, macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF), and immunoglobulin (Ig)M also displayed such ability in two ethnically diverse cohorts. Serum interferon (IFN)-α and neuron specific enolase (NSE) were recently reported to moderately correlate with disease activity in patients with active NPSLE. CSF IL-8, IL-13, and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) exhibited excellent sensitivity, yet poorer specificity, as predictors of response to therapy in patients with NPSLE. The overall lack of validation studies across multiple and diverse cohorts necessitates further and well-concerted investigations. Nevertheless, we propound CSF lipocalin 2 among molecules that hold promise as reliable diagnostic biomarkers in NPSLE.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julius Lindblom
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institute and Karolinska University Hospital, 17176 Stockholm, Sweden;
| | - Chandra Mohan
- Department Biomedical Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA;
| | - Ioannis Parodis
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institute and Karolinska University Hospital, 17176 Stockholm, Sweden;
- Department of Rheumatology, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, 70182 Örebro, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Arroyo E, Troutman AD, Moorthi RN, Avin KG, Coggan AR, Lim K. Klotho: An Emerging Factor With Ergogenic Potential. FRONTIERS IN REHABILITATION SCIENCES 2022; 2:807123. [PMID: 36188832 PMCID: PMC9397700 DOI: 10.3389/fresc.2021.807123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Sarcopenia and impaired cardiorespiratory fitness are commonly observed in older individuals and patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Declines in skeletal muscle function and aerobic capacity can progress into impaired physical function and inability to perform activities of daily living. Physical function is highly associated with important clinical outcomes such as hospitalization, functional independence, quality of life, and mortality. While lifestyle modifications such as exercise and dietary interventions have been shown to prevent and reverse declines in physical function, the utility of these treatment strategies is limited by poor widespread adoption and adherence due to a wide variety of both perceived and actual barriers to exercise. Therefore, identifying novel treatment targets to manage physical function decline is critically important. Klotho, a remarkable protein with powerful anti-aging properties has recently been investigated for its role in musculoskeletal health and physical function. Klotho is involved in several key processes that regulate skeletal muscle function, such as muscle regeneration, mitochondrial biogenesis, endothelial function, oxidative stress, and inflammation. This is particularly important for older adults and patients with CKD, which are known states of Klotho deficiency. Emerging data support the existence of Klotho-related benefits to exercise and for potential Klotho-based therapeutic interventions for the treatment of sarcopenia and its progression to physical disability. However, significant gaps in our understanding of Klotho must first be overcome before we can consider its potential ergogenic benefits. These advances will be critical to establish the optimal approach to future Klotho-based interventional trials and to determine if Klotho can regulate physical dysfunction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eliott Arroyo
- Division of Nephrology & Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Ashley D. Troutman
- Department of Physical Therapy, School of Health and Human Sciences, Indiana University Purdue University, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Ranjani N. Moorthi
- Division of Nephrology & Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Keith G. Avin
- Division of Nephrology & Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
- Department of Physical Therapy, School of Health and Human Sciences, Indiana University Purdue University, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Andrew R. Coggan
- Department of Kinesiology, School of Health and Human Sciences, Indiana University Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Kenneth Lim
- Division of Nephrology & Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
The Role of Klotho Protein Against Sevoflurane-Induced Neuronal Injury. Neurochem Res 2021; 47:315-326. [PMID: 34498160 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-021-03444-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Revised: 08/07/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The effects of general anesthetics on the developing brain have aroused much attention in recent years. Sevoflurane, a commonly used inhalation anesthetic especially in pediatric anesthesia, can induce developmental neurotoxicity. In this study, the differentially expressed mRNAs in the hippocampus of newborn rats exposed to 3% sevoflurane for 6 h were detected by RNA-Sequencing. Those data indicated that the mRNA of Klotho was increased after exposure to sevoflurane. Moreover, the protein expression of Klotho was assayed by Western Blot. Besides over-expression and under-expression of Klotho protein, we also detected changes of cell proliferation, ROS, JC-1, and Bcl-2/Bax ratio in PC12 cells exposed to sevoflurane. After exposure to 3% sevoflurane, the expression of Klotho protein increased in the hippocampus of neonatal rats. In PC12 cells, exposure to sevoflurane could increase cellular ROS level, reduce mitochondrial membrane potential and Bcl-2/Bax ratio. While overexpression of Klotho alleviated the above changes, knockdown of Klotho aggravated the injury of sevoflurane. Klotho protein could reduce oxidative stress and mitochondrial injury induced by sevoflurane in the neuron.
Collapse
|
7
|
Hanson K, Fisher K, Hooper N. Exploiting the neuroprotective effects of α-klotho to tackle ageing- and neurodegeneration-related cognitive dysfunction. Neuronal Signal 2021; 5:NS20200101. [PMID: 34194816 PMCID: PMC8204227 DOI: 10.1042/ns20200101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Revised: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Cognitive dysfunction is a key symptom of ageing and neurodegenerative disorders, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD). Strategies to enhance cognition would impact the quality of life for a significant proportion of the ageing population. The α-klotho protein may protect against cognitive decline through multiple mechanisms: such as promoting optimal synaptic function via activation of N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptor signalling; stimulating the antioxidant defence system; reducing inflammation; promoting autophagy and enhancing clearance of amyloid-β. However, the molecular and cellular pathways by which α-klotho mediates these neuroprotective functions have yet to be fully elucidated. Key questions remain unanswered: which form of α-klotho (transmembrane, soluble or secreted) mediates its cognitive enhancing properties; what is the neuronal receptor for α-klotho and which signalling pathways are activated by α-klotho in the brain to enhance cognition; how does peripherally administered α-klotho mediate neuroprotection; and what is the molecular basis for the beneficial effect of the VS variant of α-klotho? In this review, we summarise the recent research on neuronal α-klotho and discuss how the neuroprotective properties of α-klotho could be exploited to tackle age- and neurodegeneration-associated cognitive dysfunction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kelsey Hanson
- Division of Neuroscience and Experimental Psychology, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, U.K
| | - Kate Fisher
- Division of Neuroscience and Experimental Psychology, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, U.K
| | - Nigel M. Hooper
- Division of Neuroscience and Experimental Psychology, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, U.K
- Geoffrey Jefferson Brain Research Centre, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Northern Care Alliance and University of Manchester, Manchester, U.K
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Wolf EJ, Chen CD, Zhao X, Zhou Z, Morrison FG, Daskalakis NP, Stone A, Schichman S, Grenier JG, Fein-Schaffer D, Huber BR, Abraham CR, Miller MW, Logue MW. Klotho, PTSD, and advanced epigenetic age in cortical tissue. Neuropsychopharmacology 2021; 46:721-730. [PMID: 33096543 PMCID: PMC8027437 DOI: 10.1038/s41386-020-00884-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Revised: 09/12/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
This study examined the klotho (KL) longevity gene polymorphism rs9315202 and psychopathology, including posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), depression, and alcohol-use disorders, in association with advanced epigenetic age in three postmortem cortical tissue regions: dorsolateral and ventromedial prefrontal cortices and motor cortex. Using data from the VA National PTSD Brain Bank (n = 117), we found that rs9315202 interacted with PTSD to predict advanced epigenetic age in motor cortex among the subset of relatively older (>=45 years), white non-Hispanic decedents (corrected p = 0.014, n = 42). An evaluation of 211 additional common KL variants revealed that only variants in linkage disequilibrium with rs9315202 showed similarly high levels of significance. Alcohol abuse was nominally associated with advanced epigenetic age in motor cortex (p = 0.039, n = 114). The rs9315202 SNP interacted with PTSD to predict decreased KL expression via DNAm age residuals in motor cortex among older white non-Hispanics decedents (indirect β = -0.198, p = 0.027). Finally, in dual-luciferase enhancer reporter system experiments, we found that inserting the minor allele of rs9315202 in a human kidney cell line HK-2 genomic DNA resulted in a change in KL transcriptional activities, likely operating via long noncoding RNA in this region. This was the first study to examine multiple forms of psychopathology in association with advanced DNA methylation age across several brain regions, to extend work concerning the association between rs9315202 and advanced epigenetic to brain tissue, and to identify the effects of rs9315202 on KL gene expression. KL augmentation holds promise as a therapeutic intervention to slow the pace of cellular aging, disease onset, and neuropathology, particularly in older, stressed populations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Erika J Wolf
- National Center for PTSD at VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA.
- Department of Psychiatry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Ci-Di Chen
- Department of Biochemistry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Xiang Zhao
- National Center for PTSD at VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Zhenwei Zhou
- National Center for PTSD at VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Filomene G Morrison
- National Center for PTSD at VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Annjanette Stone
- Pharmacogenomics Analysis Laboratory, Research Service, Central Arkansas Veterans Healthcare System, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Steven Schichman
- Pharmacogenomics Analysis Laboratory, Research Service, Central Arkansas Veterans Healthcare System, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Jaclyn Garza Grenier
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Channing Division of Network Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Dana Fein-Schaffer
- National Center for PTSD at VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Bertrand R Huber
- Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Carmela R Abraham
- Department of Biochemistry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Mark W Miller
- National Center for PTSD at VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Mark W Logue
- National Center for PTSD at VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Biomedical Genetics, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Zimmermann M, Köhler L, Kovarova M, Lerche S, Schulte C, Wurster I, Machetanz G, Deuschle C, Hauser AK, Gasser T, Berg D, Schleicher E, Maetzler W, Brockmann K. The longevity gene Klotho and its cerebrospinal fluid protein profiles as a modifier for Parkinson´s disease. Eur J Neurol 2021; 28:1557-1565. [PMID: 33449400 DOI: 10.1111/ene.14733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2020] [Revised: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Parkinson´s disease (PD) has a large phenotypic variability, which may, at least partly, be genetically driven including alterations of gene products. Candidates might not only be proteins associated with disease risk but also pathways that play a role in aging. OBJECTIVE To evaluate phenotype-modifying effects of genetic variants in Klotho, a longevity gene. METHODS We analyzed two longitudinal cohorts: one local cohort comprising 459 PD patients who underwent genotyping for the KL-VS haplotype in Klotho including a subgroup of 125 PD patients and 50 healthy controls who underwent biochemical cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analyses of Klotho and fibroblast growth factor 23 as well as vitamin D metabolites. The second cohort comprised 297 patients from the Parkinson's Progression Markers Initiative (PPMI) for validation of genetic-clinical findings. RESULTS PD patients carrying the KL-VS haplotype demonstrated a shorter interval between PD onset and onset of cognitive impairment (both cohorts) and higher Unified Parkinson´s Disease Rating Scale part III (UPDRS III) scores (PPMI). CSF protein levels of Klotho and fibroblast growth factor 23 were lower in PD patients irrespective of gender compared to controls. Moreover, low CSF levels of Klotho were associated with higher scores in the UPDRS III and Hoehn and Yahr Scale. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that genetic variants in Klotho together with its corresponding CSF protein profiles are associated with aspects of disease severity in PD. These findings suggest that pathways associated with aging might be targets for future biomarker research in PD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Milan Zimmermann
- Center of Neurology, Department of Neurodegeneration and Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany.,German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Leonie Köhler
- Center of Neurology, Department of Neurodegeneration and Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Marketa Kovarova
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Stefanie Lerche
- Center of Neurology, Department of Neurodegeneration and Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany.,German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Claudia Schulte
- Center of Neurology, Department of Neurodegeneration and Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany.,German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Isabel Wurster
- Center of Neurology, Department of Neurodegeneration and Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany.,German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Gerrit Machetanz
- Center of Neurology, Department of Neurodegeneration and Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany.,German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Christian Deuschle
- Center of Neurology, Department of Neurodegeneration and Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany.,German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Ann-Kathrin Hauser
- Center of Neurology, Department of Neurodegeneration and Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany.,German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Thomas Gasser
- Center of Neurology, Department of Neurodegeneration and Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany.,German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Daniela Berg
- Center of Neurology, Department of Neurodegeneration and Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany.,Department of Neurology, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Erwin Schleicher
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Walter Maetzler
- Department of Neurology, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Kathrin Brockmann
- Center of Neurology, Department of Neurodegeneration and Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany.,German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Youssef OM, Morsy AI, El-Shahat MA, Shams AM, Abd-Elhady SL. The neuroprotective effect of simvastatin on the cerebellum of experimentally-induced diabetic rats through klotho upregulation: An immunohistochemical study. J Chem Neuroanat 2020; 108:101803. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchemneu.2020.101803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Revised: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
|
11
|
Sachdeva A, Gouge J, Kontovounisios C, Nikolaou S, Ashworth A, Lim K, Chong I. Klotho and the Treatment of Human Malignancies. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12061665. [PMID: 32585905 PMCID: PMC7352559 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12061665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Klotho was first discovered as an anti-ageing protein linked to a number of age-related disease processes, including cardiovascular, renal, musculoskeletal, and neurodegenerative conditions. Emerging research has also demonstrated a potential therapeutic role for Klotho in cancer biology, which is perhaps unsurprising given that cancer and ageing share similar molecular hallmarks. In addition to functioning as a tumour suppressor in numerous solid tumours and haematological malignancies, Klotho represents a candidate therapeutic target for patients with these diseases, the majority of whom have limited treatment options. Here, we examine contemporary evidence evaluating the anti-neoplastic effects of Klotho and describe the modulation of downstream oncogenic signalling pathways, including Wnt/β-catenin, FGF, IGF1, PIK3K/AKT, TGFβ, and the Unfolded Protein Response. We also discuss possible approaches to developing therapeutic Klotho and consider technological advances that may facilitate the delivery of Klotho through gene therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aishani Sachdeva
- The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London SW6 6JJ, UK; (A.S.); (C.K.)
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Chelsea and Westminster Hospital, London SW10 9NH, UK;
| | - Jerome Gouge
- Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology, Birkbeck College, London WC1E 7HX, UK;
| | - Christos Kontovounisios
- The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London SW6 6JJ, UK; (A.S.); (C.K.)
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Chelsea and Westminster Hospital, London SW10 9NH, UK;
| | - Stella Nikolaou
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Chelsea and Westminster Hospital, London SW10 9NH, UK;
| | - Alan Ashworth
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA;
| | - Kenneth Lim
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202-5181, USA;
| | - Irene Chong
- The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London SW6 6JJ, UK; (A.S.); (C.K.)
- The Institute of Cancer Research, London SW3 6JB, UK
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Cheikhi A, Barchowsky A, Sahu A, Shinde SN, Pius A, Clemens ZJ, Li H, Kennedy CA, Hoeck JD, Franti M, Ambrosio F. Klotho: An Elephant in Aging Research. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2020; 74:1031-1042. [PMID: 30843026 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glz061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The year 2017 marked the 20th anniversary of the first publication describing Klotho. This single protein was and is remarkable in that its absence in mice conferred an accelerated aging, or progeroid, phenotype with a dramatically shortened life span. On the other hand, genetic overexpression extended both health span and life span by an impressive 30%. Not only has Klotho deficiency been linked to a number of debilitating age-related illnesses but many subsequent reports have lent credence to the idea that Klotho can compress the period of morbidity and extend the life span of both model organisms and humans. This suggests that Klotho functions as an integrator of organ systems, making it both a promising tool for advancing our understanding of the biology of aging and an intriguing target for interventional studies. In this review, we highlight advances in our understanding of Klotho as well as key challenges that have somewhat limited our view, and thus translational potential, of this potent protein.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amin Cheikhi
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Pittsburgh.,Division of Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh
| | - Aaron Barchowsky
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh.,Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh
| | - Amrita Sahu
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Pittsburgh.,Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh
| | - Sunita N Shinde
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Pittsburgh
| | - Abish Pius
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Pittsburgh
| | - Zachary J Clemens
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Pittsburgh
| | - Hua Li
- Department of Biotherapeutics Discovery, Research Division, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc. Ridgefield, Connecticut
| | - Charles A Kennedy
- Department of Research Beyond Borders, Regenerative Medicine, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc. Ridgefield, Connecticut
| | - Joerg D Hoeck
- Department of Research Beyond Borders, Regenerative Medicine, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc. Ridgefield, Connecticut
| | - Michael Franti
- Department of Research Beyond Borders, Regenerative Medicine, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc. Ridgefield, Connecticut
| | - Fabrisia Ambrosio
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Pittsburgh.,Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh.,Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.,McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Moos WH, Faller DV, Glavas IP, Harpp DN, Kanara I, Mavrakis AN, Pernokas J, Pernokas M, Pinkert CA, Powers WR, Sampani K, Steliou K, Vavvas DG, Zamboni RJ, Kodukula K, Chen X. Klotho Pathways, Myelination Disorders, Neurodegenerative Diseases, and Epigenetic Drugs. Biores Open Access 2020; 9:94-105. [PMID: 32257625 PMCID: PMC7133426 DOI: 10.1089/biores.2020.0004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In this review we outline a rationale for identifying neuroprotectants aimed at inducing endogenous Klotho activity and expression, which is epigenetic action, by definition. Such an approach should promote remyelination and/or stimulate myelin repair by acting on mitochondrial function, thereby heralding a life-saving path forward for patients suffering from neuroinflammatory diseases. Disorders of myelin in the nervous system damage the transmission of signals, resulting in loss of vision, motion, sensation, and other functions depending on the affected nerves, currently with no effective treatment. Klotho genes and their single-pass transmembrane Klotho proteins are powerful governors of the threads of life and death, true to the origin of their name, Fates, in Greek mythology. Among its many important functions, Klotho is an obligatory co-receptor that binds, activates, and/or potentiates critical fibroblast growth factor activity. Since the discovery of Klotho a little over two decades ago, it has become ever more apparent that when Klotho pathways go awry, oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction take over, and age-related chronic disorders are likely to follow. The physiological consequences can be wide ranging, potentially wreaking havoc on the brain, eye, kidney, muscle, and more. Central nervous system disorders, neurodegenerative in nature, and especially those affecting the myelin sheath, represent worthy targets for advancing therapies that act upon Klotho pathways. Current drugs for these diseases, even therapeutics that are disease modifying rather than treating only the symptoms, leave much room for improvement. It is thus no wonder that this topic has caught the attention of biomedical researchers around the world.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Walter H. Moos
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
- ShangPharma Innovation, Inc., South San Francisco, California
| | - Douglas V. Faller
- Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
- Cancer Research Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Ioannis P. Glavas
- Department of Ophthalmology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York
| | - David N. Harpp
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | | | - Anastasios N. Mavrakis
- Department of Medicine, Tufts University School of Medicine, St. Elizabeth's Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Julie Pernokas
- Advanced Dental Associates of New England, Woburn, Massachusetts
| | - Mark Pernokas
- Advanced Dental Associates of New England, Woburn, Massachusetts
| | - Carl A. Pinkert
- Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama
| | - Whitney R. Powers
- Department of Health Sciences, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Anatomy, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Konstantina Sampani
- Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Beetham Eye Institute, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Kosta Steliou
- Cancer Research Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
- PhenoMatriX, Inc., Natick, Massachusetts
| | - Demetrios G. Vavvas
- Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Retina Service, Angiogenesis Laboratory, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | | | - Xiaohong Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Retina Service, Angiogenesis Laboratory, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Boston, Massachusetts
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Lacroix JS, Urena-Torres P. Potentielle application de l’axe fibroblast growth factor 23-Klotho dans la maladie rénale chronique. Nephrol Ther 2020; 16:83-92. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nephro.2019.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2019] [Accepted: 05/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
|
15
|
Lim K, Halim A, Lu TS, Ashworth A, Chong I. Klotho: A Major Shareholder in Vascular Aging Enterprises. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E4637. [PMID: 31546756 PMCID: PMC6770519 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20184637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2019] [Revised: 09/11/2019] [Accepted: 09/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Accelerated vascular aging is a condition that occurs as a complication of several highly prevalent inflammatory conditions such as chronic kidney disease, cancer, HIV infection and diabetes. Age-associated vascular alterations underlie a continuum of expression toward clinically overt cardiovascular disease. This has contributed to the striking epidemiologic transition whereby such noncommunicable diseases have taken center stage as modern-day global epidemics and public health problems. The identification of α-Klotho, a remarkable protein that confers powerful anti-aging properties has stimulated significant interest. In fact, emerging data have provided fundamental rationale for Klotho-based therapeutic intervention for vascular diseases and multiple other potential indications. However, the application of such discoveries in Klotho research remains fragmented due to significant gaps in our molecular understanding of Klotho biology, as well as hurdles in clinical research and experimental barriers that must first be overcome. These advances will be critical to establish the scientific platform from which future Klotho-based interventional trials and therapeutic enterprises can be successfully launched.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth Lim
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- MGH Renal Associates, 165 Cambridge Street, Suite 302, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Arvin Halim
- Renal Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA; (A.H.)
| | - Tzong-shi Lu
- Renal Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA; (A.H.)
| | - Alan Ashworth
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California San Francisco (UCSF), 1450 3rd St, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA;
| | - Irene Chong
- The Institute of Cancer Research and The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, Chester Beatty Laboratories, 237 Fulham Road, London SW3 6JB, UK;
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Göttle P, Förster M, Weyers V, Küry P, Rejdak K, Hartung HP, Kremer D. An unmet clinical need: roads to remyelination in MS. Neurol Res Pract 2019; 1:21. [PMID: 33324887 PMCID: PMC7650135 DOI: 10.1186/s42466-019-0026-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In the central nervous system (CNS) myelin sheaths stabilize, protect, and electrically insulate axons. However, in demyelinating autoimmune CNS diseases such as multiple sclerosis (MS) these sheaths are destroyed which ultimately leads to neurodegeneration. The currently available immunomodulatory drugs for MS effectively control the (auto)inflammatory facets of the disease but are unable to regenerate myelin by stimulating remyelination via oligodendroglial precursor cells (OPCs). Accordingly, there is broad consensus that the implementation of new regenerative approaches constitutes the prime goal for future MS pharmacotherapy. Main text Of note, recent years have seen several promising clinical studies investigating the potential of substances and monoclonal antibodies such as, for instance, clemastine, opicinumab, biotin, simvastatin, quetiapin and anti-GNbAC1. However, beyond these agents which have often been re-purposed from other medical indications there is a multitude of further molecules influencing OPC homeostasis. Here, we therefore discuss these possibly beneficial regulators of OPC differentiation and assess their potential as new pharmacological targets for myelin repair in MS. Conclusion Remyelination remains the most important therapeutic treatment goal in MS in order to improve clinical deficits and to avert neurodegeneration. The promising molecules presented in this review have the potential to promote remyelination and therefore warrant further translational and clinical research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peter Göttle
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Moorenstrasse 5, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Moritz Förster
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Moorenstrasse 5, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Vivien Weyers
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Moorenstrasse 5, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Patrick Küry
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Moorenstrasse 5, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Konrad Rejdak
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Hans-Peter Hartung
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Moorenstrasse 5, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - David Kremer
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Moorenstrasse 5, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Klotho Is Neuroprotective in the Superoxide Dismutase (SOD1 G93A) Mouse Model of ALS. J Mol Neurosci 2019; 69:264-285. [PMID: 31250273 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-019-01356-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2019] [Accepted: 06/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the loss of motor neurons in the brain and spinal cord. ALS neuropathology is associated with increased oxidative stress, excitotoxicity, and inflammation. We and others reported that the anti-aging and cognition-enhancing protein Klotho is a neuroprotective, antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, and promyelinating protein. In mice, its absence leads to an extremely shortened life span and to multiple phenotypes resembling human aging, including motor and hippocampal neurodegeneration and cognitive impairment. In contrast, its overexpression extends life span, enhances cognition, and confers resistance against oxidative stress; it also reduces premature mortality and cognitive and behavioral abnormalities in an animal model for Alzheimer's disease (AD). These pleiotropic beneficial properties of Klotho suggest that Klotho could be a potent therapeutic target for preventing neurodegeneration in ALS. Klotho overexpression in the SOD1 mouse model of ALS resulted in delayed onset and progression of the disease and extended survival that was more prominent in females than in males. Klotho reduced the expression of neuroinflammatory markers and prevented neuronal loss with the more profound effect in the spinal cord than in the motor cortex. The effect of Klotho was accompanied by reduced expression of proinflammatory cytokines and enhanced the expression of antioxidative and promyelinating factors in the motor cortex and spinal cord of Klotho × SOD1 compared to SOD1 mice. Our study provides evidence that increased levels of Klotho alleviate ALS-associated pathology in the SOD1 mouse model and may serve as a basis for developing Klotho-based therapeutic strategies for ALS.
Collapse
|
18
|
Li D, Jing D, Liu Z, Chen Y, Huang F, Behnisch T. Enhanced Expression of Secreted α-Klotho in the Hippocampus Alters Nesting Behavior and Memory Formation in Mice. Front Cell Neurosci 2019; 13:133. [PMID: 31001090 PMCID: PMC6454015 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2019.00133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2019] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The klotho gene family consists of α-, β-, and γ-Klotho, which encode type I single-pass transmembrane proteins with large extracellular domains. α-Klotho exists as a full-length membrane-bound and as a soluble form after cleavage of the extracellular domain. Due to gene splicing, a short extracellular Klotho form can be expressed and secreted. Inactivation of α-Klotho leads to a phenotype that resembles accelerated aging, as the expression level of the α-Klotho protein in the hippocampal formation of mice decreases with age. Here, we show that intrahippocampal viral expression of secreted human α-Klotho alters social behavior and memory formation. Interestingly, overexpression of secreted human α-Klotho in the CA1 changed the nest-building behavior and improved object recognition, object location and passive avoidance memory. Moreover, α-Klotho overexpression increased hippocampal synaptic transmission in response to standardized stimulation strengths, altered paired-pulse facilitation of synaptic transmission, and enhanced activity-dependent synaptic plasticity. These results indicate that memory formation benefits from an augmented level of secreted α-Klotho.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dongxue Li
- Institutes of Brain Science, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Dongqing Jing
- Institutes of Brain Science, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ziyang Liu
- Institutes of Brain Science, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying Chen
- Institutes of Brain Science, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Fang Huang
- Institutes of Brain Science, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Thomas Behnisch
- Institutes of Brain Science, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Prokhorova TA, Boksha IS, Savushkina OK, Tereshkina EB, Burbaeva GS. [α-Klotho protein in neurodegenerative and mental diseases]. Zh Nevrol Psikhiatr Im S S Korsakova 2019; 119:80-88. [PMID: 30778037 DOI: 10.17116/jnevro201911901180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The review aims to attract attention of psychiatrists and neurologists to a role of α-Klotho protein in biochemical mechanisms that counteract pathogenic processes of neurodegenerative and psychiatric diseases and to possible therapeutic potential of the protein. Basing on the analysis of contemporary literature, the authors summarized the results of model experiments and a few clinical trials (in psychiatry and neurology) indicating the role of α-Klotho protein in the brain processes of neurogenesis, dendrite growth, myelination (oligodendroglia differentiation and activity), regulation of antioxidant system, and synthesis of glutamate neurotransmitter system components, regulation of the activity and synthesis of ion channel protein components and membrane transporters, synaptic plasticity. It is concluded that α-Klotho protein can be used for therapeutic purposes in diseases associated with pathological brain aging, and/or in diseases associated with insufficient synthesis of this protein.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - I S Boksha
- Mental Health Research Centre, Moscow, Russia
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Câmara AB, de Souza ID, Dalmolin RJS. Sunlight Incidence, Vitamin D Deficiency, and Alzheimer's Disease. J Med Food 2018; 21:841-848. [DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2017.0130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Alice Barros Câmara
- Bioinformatics Multidisciplinary Environment, IMD, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
| | - Iara Dantas de Souza
- Bioinformatics Multidisciplinary Environment, IMD, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Juliani Siqueira Dalmolin
- Bioinformatics Multidisciplinary Environment, IMD, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
- Department of Biochemistry, CB, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Zhu B, Jin LN, Shen JQ, Liu JF, Jiang RY, Yang L, Zhang J, Luo AL, Miao LY, Yang C. Differential expression of serum biomarkers in hemodialysis patients with mild cognitive decline: A prospective single-center cohort study. Sci Rep 2018; 8:12250. [PMID: 30115946 PMCID: PMC6095882 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-29760-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2018] [Accepted: 07/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies suggest that hemodialysis patients are at a higher risk for cognitive decline than healthy individuals; however, underlying mechanisms have not been fully elucidated. We aimed to investigate the roles of serum biomarkers, such as brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), inflammatory cytokines, fibroblast growth factor (FGF)-23 and its co-receptor α-klotho and platelet (PLT) count in mild cognitive decline (MCD) of patients undergoing hemodialysis in this prospective cohort study. Serum levels of BDNF, tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-6 and the number of PLT were significantly altered in the MCD group compared with those in healthy controls (HCs) or those with normal cognitive function (NCF). Although serum α-klotho and FGF-23 levels were significantly altered in the MCD group, there were no statistical differences between the MCD and NCF groups. Serum BDNF levels and PLT counts were significantly correlated with cognitive test scores. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves demonstrated that BDNF and PLT were potential biomarkers for improved MCD diagnosis in patients with hemodialysis. These findings suggest that hemodialysis-related MCD is associated with altered BDNF, TNF-α and IL-6 levels as well as PLT counts and that serum BDNF levels and PLT counts are potential biomarkers for hemodialysis-related MCD diagnosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bin Zhu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, China
| | - Li-Na Jin
- The Blood Purification Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, China
| | - Jian-Qin Shen
- The Blood Purification Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, China
| | - Jin-Feng Liu
- The Blood Purification Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, China
| | - Ri-Yue Jiang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, China
| | - Ling Yang
- Department of Cardiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ai-Lin Luo
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Li-Ying Miao
- The Blood Purification Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, China.
| | - Chun Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Ranjit S, Patters BJ, Gerth KA, Haque S, Choudhary S, Kumar S. Potential neuroprotective role of astroglial exosomes against smoking-induced oxidative stress and HIV-1 replication in the central nervous system. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2018; 22:703-714. [PMID: 30015535 DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2018.1501473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION HIV-1-infected smokers are at risk of oxidative damage to neuronal cells in the central nervous system by both HIV-1 and cigarette smoke. Since neurons have a weak antioxidant defense system, they mostly depend on glial cells, particularly astrocytes, for protection against oxidative damage and neurotoxicity. Astrocytes augment the neuronal antioxidant system by supplying cysteine-containing products for glutathione synthesis, antioxidant enzymes such as SOD and catalase, glucose for antioxidant regeneration via the pentose-phosphate pathway, and by recycling of ascorbic acid. Areas covered: The transport of antioxidants and energy substrates from astrocytes to neurons could possibly occur via extracellular nanovesicles called exosomes. This review highlights the neuroprotective potential of exosomes derived from astrocytes against smoking-induced oxidative stress, HIV-1 replication, and subsequent neurotoxicity observed in HIV-1-positive smokers. Expert opinion: During stress conditions, the antioxidants released from astrocytes either via extracellular fluid or exosomes to neurons may not be sufficient to provide neuroprotection. Therefore, we put forward a novel strategy to combat oxidative stress in the central nervous system, using synthetically developed exosomes loaded with antioxidants such as glutathione and the anti-aging protein Klotho.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sabina Ranjit
- a Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences , University of Tennessee Health Science Center , Memphis , TN , United States
| | - Benjamin J Patters
- a Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences , University of Tennessee Health Science Center , Memphis , TN , United States
| | - Kelli A Gerth
- a Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences , University of Tennessee Health Science Center , Memphis , TN , United States
| | - Sanjana Haque
- a Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences , University of Tennessee Health Science Center , Memphis , TN , United States
| | - Sanjeev Choudhary
- b Department of Internal Medicine , University of Texas Medical Branch , Galveston , TX , United States
| | - Santosh Kumar
- a Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences , University of Tennessee Health Science Center , Memphis , TN , United States
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Torbus-Paluszczak M, Bartman W, Adamczyk-Sowa M. Klotho protein in neurodegenerative disorders. Neurol Sci 2018; 39:1677-1682. [PMID: 30062646 PMCID: PMC6154120 DOI: 10.1007/s10072-018-3496-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2018] [Accepted: 07/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The Klotho protein is a recently discovered protein and its overexpression is associated with life extension. Klotho deficiency or silencing of the Klotho gene in mice leads to an accelerated aging and short life, whereas overexpression of Klotho in mice extends lifespan. Klotho participates in many metabolic pathways and is highly expressed in the kidneys, the choroid plexus and neurons. It plays a key role in the calcium-phosphate metabolism, remyelination, and cognitive processes. The present paper is a short review of the literature on the role of Klotho in neurodegenerative disorders, with special attention paid to multiple sclerosis. The neuroprotective function of Klotho is also reported. It is also important to consider potential clinical applications of Klotho that might be useful in the treatment of many diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Torbus-Paluszczak
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine with the Division of Dentistry in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland, ul. 3-go Maja 13-15, 41-800, Zabrze, Poland.
| | - Wojciech Bartman
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine with the Division of Dentistry in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland, ul. 3-go Maja 13-15, 41-800, Zabrze, Poland
| | - Monika Adamczyk-Sowa
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine with the Division of Dentistry in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland, ul. 3-go Maja 13-15, 41-800, Zabrze, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Ye X, Rong Z, Li Y, Wang X, Cheng B, Cheng Y, Luo H, Ti Y, Huang X, Liu Z, Zhang YW, Zheng W, Zheng H. Protective Role of L-3- n-Butylphthalide in Cognitive Function and Dysthymic Disorders in Mouse With Chronic Epilepsy. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:734. [PMID: 30050437 PMCID: PMC6051017 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.00734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2018] [Accepted: 06/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Epilepsy is a common neurological disease with recurrent seizures and neurobehavioral comorbidities, including cognitive impairment and psychiatric disorders. Recent studies suggest that L-3-n-butylphthalide (NBP), an extract from the seeds of Apium graveolens Linn. (Chinese celery), ameliorates cognitive dysfunction in ischemia and/or Alzheimer’s disease animal models. However, little is known about the role of NBP in epilepsy and the associated comorbidities. Here, using a pilocarpine-induced chronic epileptic mouse model, we found that NBP supplement not only alleviated seizure severity and abnormal electroencephalogram, but also rescued cognitive and emotional impairments in these epileptic mice. The possible underlying mechanisms may be associated with the protective role of NBP in reducing neuronal loss and in restoring the expression of neural synaptic proteins such as postsynaptic density protein 95 (PSD95) and glutamic acid decarboxylase 65/67 (GAD65/67). In addition, NBP treatment increased the transcription of neuroprotective factors, brain-derived neurotrophic factor and Klotho. These findings suggest that NBP treatment may be a potential strategy for ameliorating epileptogenesis and the comorbidities of cognitive and psychological impairments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowen Ye
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.,Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disease and Aging Research, Institute of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Zhouyi Rong
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disease and Aging Research, Institute of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Yanfang Li
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disease and Aging Research, Institute of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Xintian Wang
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.,Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disease and Aging Research, Institute of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.,Department of Neurology, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital, School of Clinical Medicine, Fujian Medical University, Xiamen, China
| | - Baoying Cheng
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disease and Aging Research, Institute of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Yiyun Cheng
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.,Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disease and Aging Research, Institute of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.,Department of Neurology, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital, School of Clinical Medicine, Fujian Medical University, Xiamen, China
| | - Haijuan Luo
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.,Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disease and Aging Research, Institute of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Yue Ti
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital, Graduate School of Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xiamen, China
| | - Xiaohua Huang
- Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Zhaoji Liu
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.,Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disease and Aging Research, Institute of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Yun-Wu Zhang
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disease and Aging Research, Institute of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Weihong Zheng
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.,Department of Neurology, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital, School of Clinical Medicine, Fujian Medical University, Xiamen, China.,Department of Neurology, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital, Graduate School of Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xiamen, China
| | - Honghua Zheng
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disease and Aging Research, Institute of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.,Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.,Shenzhen Research Institute, Xiamen University, Shenzhen, China
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Zhou HJ, Zeng CY, Yang TT, Long FY, Kuang X, Du JR. Lentivirus-mediated klotho up-regulation improves aging-related memory deficits and oxidative stress in senescence-accelerated mouse prone-8 mice. Life Sci 2018; 200:56-62. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2018.03.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2017] [Revised: 03/02/2018] [Accepted: 03/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
|
26
|
Covic A, Vervloet M, Massy ZA, Torres PU, Goldsmith D, Brandenburg V, Mazzaferro S, Evenepoel P, Bover J, Apetrii M, Cozzolino M. Bone and mineral disorders in chronic kidney disease: implications for cardiovascular health and ageing in the general population. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol 2018; 6:319-331. [PMID: 29050900 DOI: 10.1016/s2213-8587(17)30310-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2017] [Revised: 07/17/2017] [Accepted: 08/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The patient with chronic kidney disease (CKD) represents an extreme model for arteriosclerosis, vascular calcification, and bone disorders, all of which are also associated with ageing in the general population. These pathological features are also relevant to other common chronic health disorders such as diabetes, and chronic inflammatory and cardiovascular diseases. Although management and interventions for these major risk factors are now incorporated into most public health guidelines (eg, smoking cessation and control of bodyweight and blood pressure, as well as glucose and cholesterol concentrations), some residual cardiovascular risk is not reduced by implementation of these interventions. CKD should be regarded as an atypical disease in which both traditional and novel cardiovascular risk factors have effects on outcomes. But CKD can also be viewed conceptually as an accelerator of traditional cardiovascular risk factors. Findings from research into mineral bone disorder associated with CKD (CKD-MBD) could help the medical community to better understand the vascular actions of certain molecules, such as phosphates, fibroblast growth factor 23, parathyroid hormone, sclerostin, or vitamin D and their relevance to the management of different pathologies in the general population. Importantly, these components, which are recognised in nephrology, could help to explain residual risk of cardiovascular events in the general population. Thus, achieving a better understanding of CKD-MBDs could provide substantial insight into future treatments for arteriosclerosis and osteoporosis, which are strongly associated with ageing and morbidity in the general population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Covic
- Department of Nephrology, Grigore T Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Iasi, Romania.
| | - Marc Vervloet
- Department of Nephrology and Institute for Cardiovascular Research, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Ziad A Massy
- Division of Nephrology, Ambroise Paré Hospital, Paris Ile de France Ouest Université, Paris, France; Inserm U1018, Université Paris-Saclay, Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines University, Villejuif, France
| | - Pablo Ureña Torres
- Department of Nephrology and Dialysis, Ramsay-Générale de Santé, Necker Hospital, University of Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | | | - Vincent Brandenburg
- Department of Cardiology and Intensive Care Medicine, RWTH University Hospital, Aachen, Germany
| | - Sandro Mazzaferro
- Department of Cardiovascular, Respiratory, Nephrologic and Geriatric Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Pieter Evenepoel
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Dialysis and Renal Transplantation, University Hospital Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jordi Bover
- Fundació Puigvert, IIB Sant Pau, REDinREN, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mugurel Apetrii
- Department of Nephrology, Grigore T Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Iasi, Romania
| | - Mario Cozzolino
- Department of Health Sciences, Renal Division, San Paolo Hospital, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Chen CD, Zeldich E, Li Y, Yuste A, Abraham CR. Activation of the Anti-Aging and Cognition-Enhancing Gene Klotho by CRISPR-dCas9 Transcriptional Effector Complex. J Mol Neurosci 2018; 64:175-184. [PMID: 29352444 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-017-1011-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2017] [Accepted: 11/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Multiple lines of evidence show that the anti-aging and cognition-enhancing protein Klotho fosters neuronal survival, increases the anti-oxidative stress defense, and promotes remyelination of demyelinated axons. Thus, upregulation of the Klotho gene can potentially alleviate the symptoms and/or prevent the progression of age-associated neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease and demyelinating diseases such as multiple sclerosis. Here we used a CRISPR-dCas9 complex to investigate single-guide RNA (sgRNA) targeting the Klotho promoter region for efficient transcriptional activation of the Klotho gene. We tested the sgRNAs within the - 1 to - 300 bp of the Klotho promoter region and identified two sgRNAs that can effectively enhance Klotho gene transcription. We examined the transcriptional activation of the Klotho gene using three different systems: a Firefly luciferase (FLuc) and NanoLuc luciferase (NLuc) coincidence reporter system, a NLuc knock-in in Klotho 3'-UTR using CRISPR genomic editing, and two human cell lines: neuronal SY5Y cells and kidney HK-2 cells that express Klotho endogenously. The two sgRNAs enhanced Klotho expression at both the gene and protein levels. Our results show the feasibility of gene therapy for targeting Klotho using CRISPR technology. Enhancing Klotho levels has a therapeutic potential for increasing cognition and treating age-associated neurodegenerative, demyelinating and other diseases, such as chronic kidney disease and cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ci-Di Chen
- Department of Biochemistry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA.,Klogene Therapeutics, Inc., Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ella Zeldich
- Department of Biochemistry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA.,Klogene Therapeutics, Inc., Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yuexuan Li
- Department of Biochemistry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Carmela R Abraham
- Department of Biochemistry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA. .,Klogene Therapeutics, Inc., Boston, MA, USA. .,Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Zhou HJ, Li H, Shi MQ, Mao XN, Liu DL, Chang YR, Gan YM, Kuang X, Du JR. Protective Effect of Klotho against Ischemic Brain Injury Is Associated with Inhibition of RIG-I/NF-κB Signaling. Front Pharmacol 2018; 8:950. [PMID: 29403373 PMCID: PMC5778393 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2017.00950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2017] [Accepted: 12/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Aging is the greatest independent risk factor for the occurrence of stroke and poor outcomes, at least partially through progressive increases in oxidative stress and inflammation with advanced age. Klotho is an antiaging gene, the expression of which declines with age. Klotho may protect against neuronal oxidative damage that is induced by glutamate. The present study investigated the effects of Klotho overexpression and knockdown by an intracerebroventricular injection of a lentiviral vector that encoded murine Klotho (LV-KL) or rat Klotho short-hairpin RNA (LV-KL shRNA) on cerebral ischemia injury and the underlying anti-neuroinflammatory mechanism. The overexpression of Klotho induced by LV-KL significantly improved neurobehavioral deficits and increased the number of live neurons in the hippocampal CA1 and caudate putamen subregions 72 h after cerebral hypoperfusion that was induced by transient bilateral common carotid artery occlusion (2VO) in mice. The overexpression of Klotho significantly decreased the immunoreactivity of glial fibrillary acidic protein and ionized calcium binding adaptor molecule-1, the expression of retinoic-acid-inducible gene-I, the nuclear translocation of nuclear factor-κB, and the production of proinflammatory cytokines (tumor necrosis factor α and interleukin-6) in 2VO mice. The knockdown of Klotho mediated by LV-KL shRNA in the brain exacerbated neurological dysfunction and cerebral infarct after 22 h of reperfusion following 2 h middle cerebral artery occlusion in rats. These findings suggest that Klotho itself or enhancers of Klotho may compensate for its aging-related decline, thus providing a promising therapeutic approach for acute ischemic stroke during advanced age.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Jing Zhou
- Department of Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery System, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hui Li
- Department of Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery System, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Meng-Qi Shi
- Department of Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery System, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiao-Na Mao
- Department of Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery System, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Dong-Ling Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery System, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yi-Ran Chang
- Department of Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery System, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yu-Miao Gan
- Department of Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery System, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xi Kuang
- Department of Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery System, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jun-Rong Du
- Department of Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery System, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Ichinose K, Ohyama K, Furukawa K, Higuchi O, Mukaino A, Satoh K, Nakane S, Shimizu T, Umeda M, Fukui S, Nishino A, Nakajima H, Koga T, Kawashiri SY, Iwamoto N, Tamai M, Nakamura H, Origuchi T, Yoshida M, Kuroda N, Kawakami A. Novel anti-suprabasin antibodies may contribute to the pathogenesis of neuropsychiatric systemic lupus erythematosus. Clin Immunol 2017; 193:123-130. [PMID: 29162406 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2017.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2017] [Revised: 10/19/2017] [Accepted: 11/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Neuropsychiatric systemic lupus erythematosus (NPSLE) is often difficult to diagnose and distinguish from other diseases, because no NPSLE-specific antibodies have been identified. We developed a novel proteomic strategy for identifying and profiling antigens in immune complexes in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), and applied this strategy to 26 NPSLE patients. As controls, we also included 25 SLE patients without neuropsychiatric manifestations (SLE), 15 with relapsing remitting multiple sclerosis (MS) and 10 with normal pressure hydrocephalus (NPH). We identified immune complexes of suprabasin (SBSN) in the CSF of the NPSLE group. The titer of anti-SBSN antibodies was significantly higher in the CSF of the NPSLE group compared to those of the SLE, MS and NPH groups. Microarray data showed that the senescence and autophagy pathways were significantly changed in astrocytes exposed to anti-SBSN antibodies. Our findings indicate that SBSN could be a novel autoantibody for the evaluation of suspected NPSLE.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kunihiro Ichinose
- Department of Immunology and Rheumatology, Unit of Advanced Preventive Medical Sciences, Division of Advanced Preventive Medical Sciences, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan.
| | - Kaname Ohyama
- Course of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Kaori Furukawa
- Department of Immunology and Rheumatology, Unit of Advanced Preventive Medical Sciences, Division of Advanced Preventive Medical Sciences, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Osamu Higuchi
- Department of Clinical Research, Nagasaki Kawatana Medical Center, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Akihiro Mukaino
- Department of Neurology and Strokology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Katsuya Satoh
- Department of Health Sciences, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Shunya Nakane
- Department of Clinical Research, Nagasaki Kawatana Medical Center, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Toshimasa Shimizu
- Department of Immunology and Rheumatology, Unit of Advanced Preventive Medical Sciences, Division of Advanced Preventive Medical Sciences, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Masataka Umeda
- Department of Immunology and Rheumatology, Unit of Advanced Preventive Medical Sciences, Division of Advanced Preventive Medical Sciences, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Shoichi Fukui
- Department of Immunology and Rheumatology, Unit of Advanced Preventive Medical Sciences, Division of Advanced Preventive Medical Sciences, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Ayako Nishino
- Department of Immunology and Rheumatology, Unit of Advanced Preventive Medical Sciences, Division of Advanced Preventive Medical Sciences, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Hideki Nakajima
- Department of Neurology and Strokology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Koga
- Department of Immunology and Rheumatology, Unit of Advanced Preventive Medical Sciences, Division of Advanced Preventive Medical Sciences, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Shin-Ya Kawashiri
- Department of Immunology and Rheumatology, Unit of Advanced Preventive Medical Sciences, Division of Advanced Preventive Medical Sciences, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Naoki Iwamoto
- Department of Immunology and Rheumatology, Unit of Advanced Preventive Medical Sciences, Division of Advanced Preventive Medical Sciences, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Mami Tamai
- Department of Immunology and Rheumatology, Unit of Advanced Preventive Medical Sciences, Division of Advanced Preventive Medical Sciences, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Hideki Nakamura
- Department of Immunology and Rheumatology, Unit of Advanced Preventive Medical Sciences, Division of Advanced Preventive Medical Sciences, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Tomoki Origuchi
- Department of Health Sciences, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Mari Yoshida
- Institute for Medical Science of Aging, Aichi Medical University, Nagakute, Japan
| | - Naotaka Kuroda
- Course of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Atsushi Kawakami
- Department of Immunology and Rheumatology, Unit of Advanced Preventive Medical Sciences, Division of Advanced Preventive Medical Sciences, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Abulizi P, Zhou XH, Keyimu K, Luo M, Jin FQ. Correlation between KLOTHO gene and mild cognitive impairment in the Uygur and Han populations of Xinjiang. Oncotarget 2017; 8:75174-75185. [PMID: 29088855 PMCID: PMC5650410 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.20655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2016] [Accepted: 07/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The secretive Klotho protein is an anti-aging regulatory hormone that plays a physiological role in many target organs. The present study aims to investigate the correlation between Klotho gene and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) in Uygur and Han populations in Xinjiang. From July 2008 to April 2014, stratified random multistage cluster sampling was used in combination with the methods of on-site questionnaire and household survey to conduct a cross-sectional MCI investigation on selected Uygur and Han subjects aged over 60 years old in Xinjiang region. 323 Uygur and Han MCI patients were randomly selected and matched with 343 subjects in the normal control group. SNaPshot technique was used to detect the polymorphisms of Klotho gene. A case-control associated analysis was conducted to analyze the genotype and allele frequencies of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the MCI group and the normal control group. The polymorphisms of rs1207568 and rs9536314/rs9527025 loci in Klotho gene were different among MCI populations in Xinjiang, and after group assignments based on ethnic background, the polymorphisms of rs1207568 and rs9536314/rs9527025 loci were associated with the Uygur MCI population and were not relevant to the Han MIC population. The frequencies of mutational alleles of rs9536314/rs9527025 locus in the Uygur population were significantly higher than those in the Han population. The genotype and allele frequencies of rs1207568 locus in the Uygur and Han populations were similar. The polymorphisms of rs1207568 and rs9536314/rs9527025 loci in Klotho gene may be associated with the Uygur MCI population in Xinjiang.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Palida Abulizi
- No1 Cadre Wards Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, 830054, China
| | - Xiao-Hui Zhou
- No1 Cadre Wards Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, 830054, China
| | - Kabinuer Keyimu
- No1 Cadre Wards Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, 830054, China
| | - Mei Luo
- No1 Cadre Wards Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, 830054, China
| | - Feng-Qing Jin
- No1 Cadre Wards Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, 830054, China
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Klotho enhances FoxO3-mediated manganese superoxide dismutase expression by negatively regulating PI3K/AKT pathway during tacrolimus-induced oxidative stress. Cell Death Dis 2017; 8:e2972. [PMID: 28771227 PMCID: PMC5596554 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2017.365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2017] [Revised: 07/04/2017] [Accepted: 07/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Mammalian members of the forkhead box protein O (FoxO) class of transcription factors are implicated in the regulation of oxidative stress, and FoxO proteins are negatively regulated by the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)–AKT signaling pathway. We examined the effect of Klotho on the PI3K/AKT pathway and manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) during tacrolimus (Tac)-induced oxidative stress. Klotho-treated mice showed decreased Tac-induced oxidative stress accompanied by functional and histological improvements. Klotho inhibited the PI3K/AKT-mediated phosphorylation of FoxO3a and enhanced FoxO3a binding to the MnSOD promoter. Klotho increased MnSOD mRNA and protein expression in mitochondria. In addition, Klotho reduced Tac-induced mitochondrial dysfunction and decreased mitochondrial reactive oxygen species production, and these effects were enhanced by blocking PI3K activity with LY294002. Collectively, our data showed that Klotho protects Tac-induced oxidative stress by negatively regulating the PI3K/AKT pathway and subsequently enhancing FoxO3a-mediated MnSOD expression.
Collapse
|
32
|
Klotho, APOEε4, cognitive ability, brain size, atrophy, and survival: a study in the Aberdeen Birth Cohort of 1936. Neurobiol Aging 2017; 55:91-98. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2017.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2016] [Revised: 02/24/2017] [Accepted: 02/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
|
33
|
The relevance of α-KLOTHO to the central nervous system: Some key questions. Ageing Res Rev 2017; 36:137-148. [PMID: 28323064 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2017.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2017] [Revised: 03/10/2017] [Accepted: 03/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
α-Klotho is well described as an anti-aging protein, with critical roles in kidney function as a transmembrane co-receptor for FGF23, and as a soluble factor in serum. α-Klotho is also expressed in the choroid plexus, where it is released into the cerebrospinal fluid. Nonetheless, α-Klotho is also expressed in the brain parenchyma. Accumulating evidence indicates that this pool of α-Klotho, which we define as brain α-Klotho, may play important roles as a neuroprotective factor and in promoting myelination, thereby supporting healthy brain aging. Here we summarize what is known about brain α-Klotho before focusing on the outstanding scientific questions related to its function. We believe there is a need for in vitro studies designed to distinguish between brain α-Klotho and other pools of α-Klotho, and for a greater understanding of the basic function of soluble α-Klotho. The mechanism by which the human KL-VS variant affects cognition also requires further elucidation. To help address these questions we suggest some experimental approaches that other laboratories might consider. In short, we hope to stimulate fresh ideas and encourage new research approaches that will allow the importance of α-Klotho for the aging brain to become clear.
Collapse
|
34
|
Simvastatin enhances the hippocampal klotho in a rat model of streptozotocin-induced cognitive decline. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2017; 72:87-94. [PMID: 27687042 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2016.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2016] [Revised: 09/13/2016] [Accepted: 09/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Brain oxidative status is a crucial factor in the development of sporadic Alzheimer's disease (AD). Klotho, an anti-aging protein, diminishes oxidative stress by the induction of manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD). Thus, the substances that increase klotho expression could be considered as a potential treatment for Alzheimer's disease when the oxidative imbalance is present. Statins are suggested to up-regulate klotho expression. We examined the effect of simvastatin (5mg/kg, daily for 3weeks) on hippocampal klotho and MnSOD expression in the cognitive declined animal model induced by intracerebroventricular (ICV)-streptozotocin (STZ) administration. Cognitive assessment was performed by the Morris Water Maze (MWM) test. The results indicated that mean escape latency and distance were prolonged in the ICV-STZ group compared with the control group. The expression of klotho and MnSOD were also down regulated in the hippocampus. Furthermore, improved spatial performance was observed in simvastatin-treated animals. This effect could be related to increase in oxidative stress tolerance as evidenced by klotho and MnSOD up-regulation. Our current study indicates that klotho upregulation may be a neuroprotective mechanism of simvastatin against cognitive decline in AD.
Collapse
|
35
|
Ellidag HY, Yilmaz N, Kurtulus F, Aydin O, Eren E, Inci A, Dolu S, Ince FDA, Giray Ö, Yaman A. The Three Sisters of Fate in Multiple Sclerosis: Klotho (Clotho), Fibroblast Growth Factor-23 (Lachesis), and Vitamin D (Atropos). Ann Neurosci 2016; 23:155-161. [PMID: 27721584 DOI: 10.1159/000449181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2015] [Accepted: 05/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The klotho (Klt)-fibroblast growth factor-23 (FGF-23)-vitamin D axis is the main component of calcium (Ca) and phosphorus (P) metabolisms; on the contrary, it is also secreted from the choroid plexus (CP). PURPOSE This study is aimed at evaluating serum soluble Klt (sKlt), FGF-23, and 25-(OH)-vitamin D levels in multiple sclerosis (MS) patients. METHODS Thirty-two relapsing-remitting MS patients (11 males and 21 females; mean age 38.3 years) and 31 age-sex matched healthy controls (12 males and 19 females; median age 38.5 years) were included in this study. All patients were diagnosed with MS according to the criteria of McDonald. RESULTS Serum sKlt, FGF-23, and P levels were significantly higher in MS patients compared to the control group (p < 0.01, p < 0.01, and p = 0.02, respectively). Serum 25-(OH)-vitamin D and Ca levels were significantly lower in MS patients (p < 0.01 and p = 0.04, respectively). CONCLUSION Klt, which is secreted from CP, could be a response to the inflammatory condition in MS. Elevated FGF-23 levels suppress 1α-hydroxylase and upregulates 24α-hydroxylase, which results in a decrease in 1,25-(OH)2D3 levels. Thus, the neuroprotective and immunomodulatory effects of vitamin D might not be seen in MS patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hamit Yasar Ellidag
- Central Laboratories, Antalya Education and Research Hospital of Ministry of Health, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Necat Yilmaz
- Central Laboratories, Antalya Education and Research Hospital of Ministry of Health, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Fatma Kurtulus
- Neurology Clinic, Antalya Education and Research Hospital of Ministry of Health, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Ozgur Aydin
- Biochemistry Laboratory, Maternity and Children's Hospital, Batman, Turkey
| | - Esin Eren
- Central Laboratories, Antalya Education and Research Hospital of Ministry of Health, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Ayca Inci
- Nephrology Clinic, Antalya Education and Research Hospital of Ministry of Health, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Suleyman Dolu
- Nephrology Clinic, Antalya Education and Research Hospital of Ministry of Health, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Fatma Demet Arslan Ince
- Department of Biochemistry, Tepecik Education and Research Hospital of Ministry of Health, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Özlem Giray
- Central Laboratories, Antalya Education and Research Hospital of Ministry of Health, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Aylin Yaman
- Neurology Clinic, Antalya Education and Research Hospital of Ministry of Health, Antalya, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Leibrock CB, Voelkl J, Kuro-O M, Lang F, Lang UE. 1,25(OH)2D3 dependent overt hyperactivity phenotype in klotho-hypomorphic mice. Sci Rep 2016; 6:24879. [PMID: 27109615 PMCID: PMC4843009 DOI: 10.1038/srep24879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2015] [Accepted: 04/05/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Klotho, a protein mainly expressed in kidney and cerebral choroid plexus, is a powerful regulator of 1,25(OH)2D3 formation. Klotho-deficient mice (kl/kl) suffer from excessive plasma 1,25(OH)2D3-, Ca2+- and phosphate-concentrations, leading to severe soft tissue calcification and accelerated aging. NH4Cl treatment prevents tissue calcification and premature ageing without affecting 1,25(OH)2D3-formation. The present study explored the impact of excessive 1,25(OH)2D3 formation in NH4Cl-treated kl/kl-mice on behavior. To this end kl/kl-mice and wild-type mice were treated with NH4Cl and either control diet or vitamin D deficient diet (LVD). As a result, plasma 1,25(OH)2D3-, Ca2+- and phosphate-concentrations were significantly higher in untreated and in NH4Cl-treated kl/kl-mice than in wild-type mice, a difference abrogated by LVD. In each, open field, dark-light box, and O-maze NH4Cl-treated kl/kl-mice showed significantly higher exploratory behavior than untreated wild-type mice, a difference abrogated by LVD. The time of floating in the forced swimming test was significantly shorter in NH4Cl treated kl/kl-mice compared to untreated wild-type mice and to kl/kl-mice on LVD. In wild-type animals, NH4Cl treatment did not significantly alter 1,25(OH)2D3, calcium and phosphate concentrations or exploratory behavior. In conclusion, the excessive 1,25(OH)2D3 formation in klotho-hypomorphic mice has a profound effect on murine behavior.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christina B Leibrock
- Department of Physiology, Cardiology &Vascular Medicine, University of Tübingen, Gmelinstr. 5, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Jakob Voelkl
- Department of Physiology, Cardiology &Vascular Medicine, University of Tübingen, Gmelinstr. 5, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Makoto Kuro-O
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Jichi Medical University, 3311-1 Yakushiji, Shimotsuke, Tochigi 329-0498, Japan
| | - Florian Lang
- Department of Physiology, Cardiology &Vascular Medicine, University of Tübingen, Gmelinstr. 5, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Undine E Lang
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Basel, Wilhelm Klein-Strasse 27, CH-4012 Basel, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Ushigusa T, Ichinose K, Sato S, Michitsuji T, Shimizu T, Umeda M, Fukui S, Nishino A, Nakashima Y, Koga T, Kawashiri SY, Iwamoto N, Hirai Y, Tamai M, Nakamura H, Origuchi T, Kawakami A. Soluble α-klotho is a potential biomarker associated with neuropsychiatric systemic lupus erythematosus. Clin Immunol 2016; 165:29-34. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2016.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2016] [Revised: 02/29/2016] [Accepted: 03/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
|
38
|
Abraham CR, Mullen PC, Tucker-Zhou T, Chen CD, Zeldich E. Klotho Is a Neuroprotective and Cognition-Enhancing Protein. VITAMINS AND HORMONES 2016; 101:215-38. [PMID: 27125744 DOI: 10.1016/bs.vh.2016.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
In this chapter, we will describe what has been learned about Klotho and its potential functions in the brain. Klotho is localized in the choroid plexus and, to a lesser extent, in hippocampal neurons. Cognitive decline is a common issue in human aging affecting over 50% of the population. This cognitive decline can also be seen in animal models such as the Rhesus monkey. A long-term study undertaken by our lab demonstrated that normal brain aging in rhesus monkeys and other animal models is associated with a significant downregulation of Klotho expression. This observation substantiates data from other laboratories that have reported that loss of Klotho accelerates the development of aging-like phenotypes, including cognitive deficits, whereas Klotho overexpression extends life span and enhances cognition in mice and humans. Klotho is a type 1 transmembrane pleiotropic protein predominantly expressed in kidney and brain and shed by ADAM 10 and 17 into the blood and cerebral spinal fluid, respectively. While the renal functions of Klotho are well known, its roles in the brain remain to be fully elucidated. We recently demonstrated that Klotho protects hippocampal neurons from amyloid and glutamate toxicity via the activation of an antioxidant enzymatic system suggesting Klotho is a neuroprotective protein. Furthermore, Klotho is necessary for oligodendrocyte maturation and myelin integrity. Through its diverse roles in the brain, Klotho has become a new therapeutic target for neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease and demyelinating diseases like multiple sclerosis. Discovery of small molecule Klotho enhancers may lead to novel treatments for these incurable disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C R Abraham
- Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States.
| | - P C Mullen
- Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States
| | - T Tucker-Zhou
- Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States
| | - C D Chen
- Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States
| | - E Zeldich
- Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Schafer MJ, Dolgalev I, Alldred MJ, Heguy A, Ginsberg SD. Calorie Restriction Suppresses Age-Dependent Hippocampal Transcriptional Signatures. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0133923. [PMID: 26221964 PMCID: PMC4519125 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0133923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2015] [Accepted: 07/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Calorie restriction (CR) enhances longevity and mitigates aging phenotypes in numerous species. Physiological responses to CR are cell-type specific and variable throughout the lifespan. However, the mosaic of molecular changes responsible for CR benefits remains unclear, particularly in brain regions susceptible to deterioration during aging. We examined the influence of long-term CR on the CA1 hippocampal region, a key learning and memory brain area that is vulnerable to age-related pathologies, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD). Through mRNA sequencing and NanoString nCounter analysis, we demonstrate that one year of CR feeding suppresses age-dependent signatures of 882 genes functionally associated with synaptic transmission-related pathways, including calcium signaling, long-term potentiation (LTP), and Creb signaling in wild-type mice. By comparing the influence of CR on hippocampal CA1 region transcriptional profiles at younger-adult (5 months, 2.5 months of feeding) and older-adult (15 months, 12.5 months of feeding) timepoints, we identify conserved upregulation of proteome quality control and calcium buffering genes, including heat shock 70 kDa protein 1b (Hspa1b) and heat shock 70 kDa protein 5 (Hspa5), protein disulfide isomerase family A member 4 (Pdia4) and protein disulfide isomerase family A member 6 (Pdia6), and calreticulin (Calr). Expression levels of putative neuroprotective factors, klotho (Kl) and transthyretin (Ttr), are also elevated by CR in adulthood, although the global CR-specific expression profiles at younger and older timepoints are highly divergent. At a previously unachieved resolution, our results demonstrate conserved activation of neuroprotective gene signatures and broad CR-suppression of age-dependent hippocampal CA1 region expression changes, indicating that CR functionally maintains a more youthful transcriptional state within the hippocampal CA1 sector.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marissa J. Schafer
- Cell and Molecular Biology Program, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, New York, United States of America
- Center for Dementa Research, Nathan Kline Institute, Orangeburg, New York, United States of America
| | - Igor Dolgalev
- Genome Technology Center, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Melissa J. Alldred
- Center for Dementa Research, Nathan Kline Institute, Orangeburg, New York, United States of America
- Department of Psychiatry, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Adriana Heguy
- Genome Technology Center, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, New York, United States of America
- Department of Pathology, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Stephen D. Ginsberg
- Cell and Molecular Biology Program, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, New York, United States of America
- Center for Dementa Research, Nathan Kline Institute, Orangeburg, New York, United States of America
- Department of Psychiatry, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, New York, United States of America
- Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, New York, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Berridge MJ. Vitamin D cell signalling in health and disease. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2015; 460:53-71. [PMID: 25998734 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2015.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2014] [Accepted: 01/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Vitamin D deficiency has been linked to many human diseases such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), multiple sclerosis (MS), hypertension and cardiovascular disease. A Vitamin D phenotypic stability hypothesis, which is developed in this review, attempts to describe how this vital hormone acts to maintain healthy cellular functions. This role of Vitamin D as a guardian of phenotypic stability seems to depend on its ability to maintain the redox and Ca(2+) signalling systems. It is argued that its primary action is to maintain the expression of those signalling components responsible for stabilizing the low resting state of these two signalling pathways. This phenotypic stability role is facilitated through the ability of vitamin D to increase the expression of both Nrf2 and the anti-ageing protein Klotho, which are also major regulators of Ca(2+) and redox signalling. A decline in Vitamin D levels will lead to a decline in the stability of this regulatory signalling network and may account for why so many of the major diseases in man, which have been linked to vitamin D deficiency, are associated with a dysregulation in both ROS and Ca(2+) signalling.
Collapse
|
41
|
The Anti-Aging Protein Klotho Enhances Remyelination Following Cuprizone-Induced Demyelination. J Mol Neurosci 2015; 57:185-96. [DOI: 10.1007/s12031-015-0598-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2015] [Accepted: 06/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
|
42
|
Life extension factor klotho prevents mortality and enhances cognition in hAPP transgenic mice. J Neurosci 2015; 35:2358-71. [PMID: 25673831 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.5791-12.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging is the principal demographic risk factor for Alzheimer disease (AD), the most common neurodegenerative disorder. Klotho is a key modulator of the aging process and, when overexpressed, extends mammalian lifespan, increases synaptic plasticity, and enhances cognition. Whether klotho can counteract deficits related to neurodegenerative diseases, such as AD, is unknown. Here we show that elevating klotho expression decreases premature mortality and network dysfunction in human amyloid precursor protein (hAPP) transgenic mice, which simulate key aspects of AD. Increasing klotho levels prevented depletion of NMDA receptor (NMDAR) subunits in the hippocampus and enhanced spatial learning and memory in hAPP mice. Klotho elevation in hAPP mice increased the abundance of the GluN2B subunit of NMDAR in postsynaptic densities and NMDAR-dependent long-term potentiation, which is critical for learning and memory. Thus, increasing wild-type klotho levels or activities improves synaptic and cognitive functions, and may be of therapeutic benefit in AD and other cognitive disorders.
Collapse
|
43
|
McAdams RM, McPherson RJ, Beyer RP, Bammler TK, Farin FM, Juul SE. Dose-dependent effects of morphine exposure on mRNA and microRNA (miR) expression in hippocampus of stressed neonatal mice. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0123047. [PMID: 25844808 PMCID: PMC4386824 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0123047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2014] [Accepted: 02/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Morphine is used to sedate critically ill infants to treat painful or stressful conditions associated with intensive care. Whether neonatal morphine exposure affects microRNA (miR) expression and thereby alters mRNA regulation is unknown. We tested the hypothesis that repeated morphine treatment in stress-exposed neonatal mice alters hippocampal mRNA and miR expression. C57BL/6 male mice were treated from postnatal day (P) 5 to P9 with morphine sulfate at 2 or 5 mg/kg ip twice daily and then exposed to stress consisting of hypoxia (100% N2 1 min and 100% O2 5 min) followed by 2h maternal separation. Control mice were untreated and dam-reared. mRNA and miR expression profiling was performed on hippocampal tissues at P9. Overall, 2 and 5 mg/kg morphine treatment altered expression of a total of 150 transcripts (>1.5 fold change, P<0.05) from which 100 unique mRNAs were recognized (21 genes were up- and 79 genes were down-regulated), and 5 mg/kg morphine affected 63 mRNAs exclusively. The most upregulated mRNAs were fidgetin, arginine vasopressin, and resistin-like alpha, and the most down-regulated were defensin beta 11, aquaporin 1, calmodulin-like 4, chloride intracellular channel 6, and claudin 2. Gene Set Enrichment Analysis revealed that morphine treatment affected pathways related to cell cycle, membrane function, signaling, metabolism, cell death, transcriptional regulation, and immune response. Morphine decreased expression of miR-204-5p, miR-455-3p, miR-448-5p, and miR-574-3p. Nine morphine-responsive mRNAs that are involved in neurodevelopment, neurotransmission, and inflammation are predicted targets of the aforementioned differentially expressed miRs. These data establish that morphine produces dose-dependent changes in both hippocampal mRNA and miR expression in stressed neonatal mice. If permanent, morphine–mediated neuroepigenetic effects may affect long-term hippocampal function, and this provides a mechanism for the neonatal morphine-related impairment of adult learning.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ryan M. McAdams
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Ronald J. McPherson
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Richard P. Beyer
- Dept of Environmental & Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Theo K. Bammler
- Dept of Environmental & Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Frederico M. Farin
- Dept of Environmental & Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Sandra E. Juul
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Almilaji A, Sopjani M, Elvira B, Borras J, Dërmaku-Sopjani M, Munoz C, Warsi J, Lang UE, Lang F. Upregulation of the creatine transporter Slc6A8 by Klotho. Kidney Blood Press Res 2014; 39:516-25. [PMID: 25531216 DOI: 10.1159/000368462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS The transmembrane Klotho protein contributes to inhibition of 1,25(OH)2D3 formation. The extracellular domain of Klotho protein could function as an enzyme with e.g. β-glucuronidase activity, be cleaved off and be released into blood and cerebrospinal fluid. Klotho regulates several cellular transporters. Klotho protein deficiency accelerates the appearance of age related disorders including neurodegeneration and muscle wasting and eventually leads to premature death. The main site of Klotho protein expression is the kidney. Klotho protein is also appreciably expressed in other tissues including chorioid plexus. The present study explored the effect of Klotho protein on the creatine transporter CreaT (Slc6A8), which participates in the maintenance of neuronal function and survival. METHODS To this end cRNA encoding Slc6A8 was injected into Xenopus oocytes with and without additional injection of cRNA encoding Klotho protein. Creatine transporter CreaT (Slc6A8) activity was estimated from creatine induced current determined by two-electrode voltage-clamp. RESULTS Coexpression of Klotho protein significantly increased creatine-induced current in Slc6A8 expressing Xenopus oocytes. Coexpression of Klotho protein delayed the decline of creatine induced current following inhibition of carrier insertion into the cell membrane by brefeldin A (5 µM). The increase of creatine induced current by coexpression of Klotho protein in Slc6A8 expressing Xenopus oocytes was reversed by β-glucuronidase inhibitor (DSAL). Similarly, treatment of Slc6A8 expressing Xenopus oocytes with recombinant human alpha Klotho protein significantly increased creatine induced current. CONCLUSION Klotho protein up-regulates the activity of creatine transporter CreaT (Slc6A8) by stabilizing the carrier protein in the cell membrane, an effect requiring β-glucuronidase activity of Klotho protein.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Almilaji
- Department of Physiology, Gmelinstr. 5, University of Tübingen, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Zhou X, Wang X. Klotho: a novel biomarker for cancer. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2014; 141:961-9. [PMID: 25086986 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-014-1788-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2014] [Accepted: 07/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Klotho gene was originally identified as an anti-aging gene in 1997. Recent studies have demonstrated aberrant expression of Klotho in a number of cancers, including breast cancer, lung cancer, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), and so on. METHODS A literature search focusing on dysregulation of Klotho and its possible mechanisms in cancer was performed. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS Downregulation of Klotho was found in several cancers, such as pancreatic cancer, HCC, and other tumors. Epigenetic modulation, such as promoter methylation and histone deacetylation, also contributed to the dysregulation of Klotho in cancers. Downregulation of Klotho resulted in promoted proliferation and reduced apoptosis of cancer cells. The relevant mechanisms include the fibroblast growth factor signaling, the insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor pathway, and the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. Furthermore, the Klotho protein hopefully provides new insights into cancer target treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiangxiang Zhou
- Department of Hematology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, No. 324, Jingwu Road, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Zeldich E, Chen CD, Colvin TA, Bove-Fenderson EA, Liang J, Tucker Zhou TB, Harris DA, Abraham CR. The neuroprotective effect of Klotho is mediated via regulation of members of the redox system. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:24700-15. [PMID: 25037225 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.567321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), leading to oxidative damage and neuronal cell death, plays an important role in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative disorders, including Alzheimer disease. The present study aimed to examine the mechanism by which the anti-aging protein Klotho exerts neuroprotective effects against neuronal damage associated with neurodegeneration and oxidative stress. Pretreatment of rat primary hippocampal neurons and mouse hippocampal neuronal cell line HT22 with recombinant Klotho protected these cells from glutamate and oligomeric amyloid β (oAβ)-induced cytotoxicity. In addition, primary hippocampal neurons obtained from Klotho-overexpressing mouse embryos were more resistant to both cytotoxic insults, glutamate and oAβ, compared with neurons from wild-type littermates. An antioxidative stress array analysis of neurons treated with Klotho revealed that Klotho significantly enhances the expression of the thioredoxin/peroxiredoxin (Trx/Prx) system with the greatest effect on the induction of Prx-2, an antioxidant enzyme, whose increase was confirmed at the mRNA and protein levels. Klotho-induced phosphorylation of the PI3K/Akt pathway, a pathway important in apoptosis and longevity, was associated with sustained inhibitory phosphorylation of the transcription factor forkhead box O3a (FoxO3a) and was essential for the induction of Prx-2. Down-regulation of Prx-2 expression using a lentivirus harboring shRNA almost completely abolished the ability of Klotho to rescue neurons from glutamate-induced death and significantly, but not completely, inhibited cell death mediated by oAβ, suggesting that Prx-2 is a key modulator of neuroprotection. Thus, our results demonstrate, for the first time, the neuroprotective role of Klotho and reveal a novel mechanism underlying this effect.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Tracey B Tucker Zhou
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts 02118
| | | | - Carmela R Abraham
- From the Department of Biochemistry, Program in Molecular Medicine, and Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts 02118
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
The anti-aging and tumor suppressor protein Klotho enhances differentiation of a human oligodendrocytic hybrid cell line. J Mol Neurosci 2014; 55:76-90. [PMID: 24907942 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-014-0336-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2014] [Accepted: 05/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Klotho functions as an aging suppressor, which, in mice, extends lifespan when overexpressed and accelerates development of aging-like phenotypes when disrupted. Klotho is mainly expressed in brain and kidney and is secreted into the serum and CSF. We have previously shown that Klotho is reduced in brains of old monkeys, rats, and mice. We further reported the ability of Klotho to enhance oligodendrocyte differentiation and myelination. Here, we examined the signaling pathways induced by Klotho in MO3.13, a human oligodendrocytic hybrid cell line. We show that exogenous Klotho affects the ERK and Akt signaling pathways, decreases the proliferative abilities and enhances differentiation of MO3.13 cells. Furthermore, microarray analysis of Klotho-treated MO3.13 cells reveals a massive change in gene expression with 80 % of the differentially expressed genes being downregulated. Using gene set enrichment analysis, we predicted potential transcription factors involved in regulating Klotho-treated MO3.13 cells and found that these cells are highly enriched in the gene sets, that are similarly observed in cancer, cardiovascular disease, stress, aging, and hormone-related chemical and genetic perturbations. Since Klotho is downregulated in all brain tumors tested to date, enhancing Klotho has therapeutic potential for treating brain and other malignancies.
Collapse
|
48
|
Dubal DB, Yokoyama JS, Zhu L, Broestl L, Worden K, Wang D, Sturm VE, Kim D, Klein E, Yu GQ, Ho K, Eilertson KE, Yu L, Kuro-o M, De Jager PL, Coppola G, Small GW, Bennett DA, Kramer JH, Abraham CR, Miller BL, Mucke L. Life extension factor klotho enhances cognition. Cell Rep 2014; 7:1065-76. [PMID: 24813892 PMCID: PMC4176932 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2014.03.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 196] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2013] [Revised: 01/10/2014] [Accepted: 03/31/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging is the primary risk factor for cognitive decline, an emerging health threat to aging societies worldwide. Whether anti-aging factors such as klotho can counteract cognitive decline is unknown. We show that a lifespan-extending variant of the human KLOTHO gene, KL-VS, is associated with enhanced cognition in heterozygous carriers. Because this allele increased klotho levels in serum, we analyzed transgenic mice with systemic overexpression of klotho. They performed better than controls in multiple tests of learning and memory. Elevating klotho in mice also enhanced long-term potentiation, a form of synaptic plasticity, and enriched synaptic GluN2B, an N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) subunit with key functions in learning and memory. Blockade of GluN2B abolished klotho-mediated effects. Surprisingly, klotho effects were evident also in young mice and did not correlate with age in humans, suggesting independence from the aging process. Augmenting klotho or its effects may enhance cognition and counteract cognitive deficits at different life stages.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dena B Dubal
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.
| | - Jennifer S Yokoyama
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Lei Zhu
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Lauren Broestl
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Kurtresha Worden
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Dan Wang
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Virginia E Sturm
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Daniel Kim
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Eric Klein
- Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90024, USA
| | - Gui-Qiu Yu
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Kaitlyn Ho
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | | | - Lei Yu
- Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Makoto Kuro-o
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; Center for Molecular Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi 329-0498, Japan
| | - Philip L De Jager
- Program in Translational NeuroPsychiatric Genomics, Institute for Neurosciences, Departments of Neurology & Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Giovanni Coppola
- Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90024, USA
| | - Gary W Small
- Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90024, USA
| | - David A Bennett
- Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Joel H Kramer
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Carmela R Abraham
- Department of Biochemistry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Bruce L Miller
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Lennart Mucke
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Almilaji A, Munoz C, Pakladok T, Alesutan I, Feger M, Föller M, Lang UE, Shumilina E, Lang F. Klotho sensitivity of the neuronal excitatory amino acid transporters EAAT3 and EAAT4. PLoS One 2013; 8:e70988. [PMID: 23923038 PMCID: PMC3726597 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0070988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2013] [Accepted: 07/01/2013] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Klotho, a transmembrane protein, which can be cleaved off as β-glucuronidase and hormone, is released in both, kidney and choroid plexus and encountered in blood and cerebrospinal fluid. Klotho deficiency leads to early appearance of age-related disorders and premature death. Klotho may modify transport by inhibiting 1,25(OH)2D3 formation or by directly affecting channel and carrier proteins. The present study explored whether Klotho influences the activity of the Na+-coupled excitatory amino acid transporters EAAT3 and EAAT4, which are expressed in kidney (EAAT3), intestine (EAAT3) and brain (EAAT3 and EAAT4). To this end, cRNA encoding EAAT3 or EAAT4 was injected into Xenopus oocytes with and without additional injection of cRNA encoding Klotho. EAAT expressing Xenopus oocytes were further treated with recombinant human β-Klotho protein with or without β-glucuronidase inhibitor D-saccharic acid 1,4-lactone monohydrate (DSAL). Electrogenic excitatory amino acid transport was determined as L-glutamate-induced current (Iglu) in two electrode voltage clamp experiments. EAAT3 and EAAT4 protein abundance in the Xenopus oocyte cell membrane was visualized by confocal microscopy and quantified utilizing chemiluminescence. As a result, coexpression of Klotho cRNA significantly increased Iglu in both, EAAT3 or EAAT4-expressing Xenopus oocytes. Klotho cRNA coexpression significantly increased the maximal current and cell membrane protein abundance of both EAAT3 and EAAT4. The effect of Klotho coexpression on EAAT3 and EAAT4 activity was mimicked by treating EAAT3 or EAAT4-expressing Xenopus oocytes with recombinant human β-Klotho protein. The effects of Klotho coexpression and of treatment with recombinant human β-Klotho protein were both abrogated in the presence of DSAL (10 µM). In conclusion, Klotho is a novel, powerful regulator of the excitatory amino acid transporters EAAT3 and EAAT4.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Almilaji
- Department of Physiology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Carlos Munoz
- Department of Physiology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | | | - Ioana Alesutan
- Department of Physiology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Martina Feger
- Department of Physiology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Michael Föller
- Department of Physiology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Undine E. Lang
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Psychiatric Clinics (UPK) Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Florian Lang
- Department of Physiology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Teocchi MA, Ferreira AÉD, da Luz de Oliveira EP, Tedeschi H, D'Souza-Li L. Hippocampal gene expression dysregulation of Klotho, nuclear factor kappa B and tumor necrosis factor in temporal lobe epilepsy patients. J Neuroinflammation 2013; 10:53. [PMID: 23634661 PMCID: PMC3651326 DOI: 10.1186/1742-2094-10-53] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2012] [Accepted: 03/19/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Previous research in animal seizure models indicates that the pleiotropic cytokine TNF is an important effector/mediator of neuroinflammation and cell death. Recently, it has been demonstrated that TNF downregulates Klotho (KL) through the nuclear factor kappa B (NFkB) system in animal models of chronic kidney disease and colitis. KL function in the brain is unclear, although Klotho knockout (Kl−/−) mice exhibit neural degeneration and a reduction of hippocampal synapses. Our aim was to verify if the triad KL-NFKB1-TNF is also dysregulated in temporal lobe epilepsy associated with hippocampal sclerosis (TLE(HS)) patients. Findings We evaluated TNF, NFKB1 and KL relative mRNA expression levels by reverse transcription quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) in resected hippocampal tissue samples from 14 TLE(HS) patients and compared them to five post mortem controls. Four reference genes were used: GAPDH, HPRT1, ENO2 and TBP. We found that TNF expression was dramatically upregulated in TLE(HS) patients (P <0.005). NFKB1 expression was also increased (P <0.03) while KL was significantly downregulated (P <0.03) in TLE(HS) patients. Hippocampal KL expression had an inverse correlation with NFKB1 and TNF. Conclusions Our data suggest that, similar to other inflammatory diseases, TNF downregulates KL through NFkB in TLE(HS) patients. The remarkable TNF upregulation in patients is a strong indication of hippocampal chronic inflammation. Our finding of hippocampal KL downregulation has wide implications not only for TLE(HS) but also for other neuronal disorders related to neurodegeneration associated with inflammation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marcelo Ananias Teocchi
- Laboratory of Pediatric Endocrinology, Center for Investigation in Pediatrics, University of Campinas, PO Box 6111, Campinas, SP 13083-970, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|