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Aisenbrey EA, Murphy WL. Synthetic alternatives to Matrigel. NATURE REVIEWS. MATERIALS 2020; 5:539-551. [PMID: 32953138 PMCID: PMC7500703 DOI: 10.1038/s41578-020-0199-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 447] [Impact Index Per Article: 111.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Matrigel, a basement-membrane matrix extracted from Engelbreth-Holm-Swarm mouse sarcomas, has been used for more than four decades for a myriad of cell culture applications. However, Matrigel is limited in its applicability to cellular biology, therapeutic cell manufacturing and drug discovery owing to its complex, ill-defined and variable composition. Variations in the mechanical and biochemical properties within a single batch of Matrigel - and between batches - have led to uncertainty in cell culture experiments and a lack of reproducibility. Moreover, Matrigel is not conducive to physical or biochemical manipulation, making it difficult to fine-tune the matrix to promote intended cell behaviours and achieve specific biological outcomes. Recent advances in synthetic scaffolds have led to the development of xenogenic-free, chemically defined, highly tunable and reproducible alternatives. In this Review, we assess the applications of Matrigel in cell culture, regenerative medicine and organoid assembly, detailing the limitations of Matrigel and highlighting synthetic scaffold alternatives that have shown equivalent or superior results. Additionally, we discuss the hurdles that are limiting a full transition from Matrigel to synthetic scaffolds and provide a brief perspective on the future directions of synthetic scaffolds for cell culture applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - William L. Murphy
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin–Madison, WI, USA
- Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin–Madison, WI, USA
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Sun G, Teng Y, Zhao Z, Cheow LF, Yu H, Chen CH. Functional Stem Cell Sorting via Integrative Droplet Synchronization. Anal Chem 2020; 92:7915-7923. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c01312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Guoyun Sun
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 3, 04-08, Singapore
| | - Yao Teng
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 2 Medical Drive, MD9, Singapore
| | - Zixuan Zhao
- Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, 5A Engineering Drive 1, 04-08 Singapore
| | - Lih Feng Cheow
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 3, 04-08, Singapore
| | - Hanry Yu
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 2 Medical Drive, MD9, Singapore
- Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, 5A Engineering Drive 1, 04-08 Singapore
- Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, A*STAR, 31 Biopolis Way, The Nanos 07-01, Singapore
- CAMP, Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology, 1 CREATE Way, 04-01, Singapore
| | - Chia-Hung Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong SAR China
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Dynamics of Telomere Length and Telomerase Activity in the Human Fetal Liver at 5-12 Weeks of Gestation. Stem Cells Int 2018; 2018:1385903. [PMID: 30057621 PMCID: PMC6051073 DOI: 10.1155/2018/1385903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2018] [Accepted: 06/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Fetal stem cell- (FSC-) based therapy is a promising treatment option for many diseases. The differentiation potential of FSCs is greater than that in adult stem cells, and they are more tissue-specific and have lower immunogenicity and better intrinsic homing than embryonic ones. Embryonic stem cells have higher proliferative potential than FSCs but can cause teratomas. Therefore, an evaluation of this potential represents an important biomedical challenge. Since regulation of telomere length (TL) is one mechanism governing cellular proliferation, TL is a useful surrogate marker for cell replicative potential. The prenatal dynamics of TL, however, has never been comprehensively studied. In the present study, dynamics of TL and telomerase activity in the human fetal liver during 5–12 weeks of gestation is examined. Both TL and telomerase activity were positively correlated with week of gestation. For both parameters studied, the trend to increase was evident up to 10th week of gestation. After that, they reached a plateau and remained stable. These findings indicate that telomerase activity remains high during the fetal stage, suggesting high replicative capacity of FSCs and their considerable potential for transplantation therapies. These findings, however, are preliminary only due to small sample size and require further evaluation.
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Eltoukhy HS, Sinha G, Moore CA, Gergues M, Rameshwar P. Secretome within the bone marrow microenvironment: A basis for mesenchymal stem cell treatment and role in cancer dormancy. Biochimie 2018; 155:92-103. [PMID: 29859990 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2018.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The secretome produced by cells within the bone marrow is significant to homeostasis. The bone marrow, a well-studied organ, has multiple niches with distinct roles for supporting stem cell functions. Thus, an understanding of mediators involved in the regulation of stem cells could serve as a model for clinical problems and solutions such as tissue repair and regeneration. The exosome secretome of bone marrow stem cells is a developing area of research with respect to the regenerative potential by bone marrow cell, particularly the mesenchymal stem cells. The bone marrow niche regulates endogenous processes such as hematopoiesis but could also support the survival of tumors such as facilitating the cancer stem cells to exist in dormancy for decades. The bone marrow-derived secretome will be critical to future development of therapeutic strategies for oncologic diseases, in addition to regenerative medicine. This article discusses the importance for parallel studies to determine how the same secretome may compromise safety during the use of stem cells in regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hussam S Eltoukhy
- Department of Medicine - Division of Hematology/Oncology, Rutgers, New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ 07103, USA
| | - Garima Sinha
- Department of Medicine - Division of Hematology/Oncology, Rutgers, New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ 07103, USA
| | - Caitlyn A Moore
- Department of Medicine - Division of Hematology/Oncology, Rutgers, New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ 07103, USA
| | - Marina Gergues
- Department of Medicine - Division of Hematology/Oncology, Rutgers, New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ 07103, USA
| | - Pranela Rameshwar
- Department of Medicine - Division of Hematology/Oncology, Rutgers, New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ 07103, USA.
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Lotfipanah M, Azadeh F, Totonchi M, Omani-Samani R. Attitude of A Sample of Iranian Researchers toward The Future of Stem Cell Research. CELL JOURNAL 2018; 20:443-448. [PMID: 29845800 PMCID: PMC6005005 DOI: 10.22074/cellj.2018.5388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2017] [Accepted: 09/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Objective Stem cells that have unlimited proliferation potential as well as differentiation potency are considered to be a
promising future treatment method for incurable diseases. The aim of the present study is to evaluate the future trend of stem
cell researches from researchers’ viewpoints.
Materials and Methods This was a cross-sectional descriptive study on researchers involved in stem cell research at
Royan Institute. We designed a questionnaire using a qualitative study based on expert opinion and a literature review.
Content validity was performed using three rounds of the Delphi method with experts. Face validity was undertaken by
a Persian literature expert and a graphics designer. The questionnaire was distributed among 150 researchers involved
in stem cell studies in Royan Institute biology laboratories.
Results We collected 138 completed questionnaires. The mean age of participants was 31.13 ± 5.8 years; most
(60.9%) were females. Participants (76.1%) considered the budget to be the most important issue in stem cell research,
79.7% needed financial support from the government, and 77.5% felt that charities could contribute substantially to
stem cell research. A total of 90.6% of participants stated that stem cells should lead to commercial usage which
could support future researches (86.2%). The aim of stem cell research was stipulated as increasing health status
of the society according to 92.8% of the participants. At present, among cell types, importance was attached to cord
blood and adult stem cells. Researchers emphasized the importance of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) rather than
hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs, 57.73%). The prime priorities were given to cancer so that stem cell research could
be directed to sphere stem cell research whereas the least preference was given to skin research.
Conclusion Regenerative medicine is considered the future of stem cell research with emphasis on application of
these cells, especially in cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahdi Lotfipanah
- Department of Medical Library and Information Science, Virtual School, Center for Excellence in E-Learning in Medical Education, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Epidemiology and Reproductive Health, Reproductive Epidemiology Research Center, Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine, ACECR, Tehran, Iran. Electronic Address:
| | - Fereydoon Azadeh
- Faculty of Allied Medical Sciences, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Totonchi
- Department of Genetics, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Omani-Samani
- Department of Epidemiology and Reproductive Health, Reproductive Epidemiology Research Center, Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
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Raik S, Kumar A, Bhattacharyya S. Insights into cell-free therapeutic approach: Role of stem cell "soup-ernatant". Biotechnol Appl Biochem 2017; 65:104-118. [PMID: 28321921 DOI: 10.1002/bab.1561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2016] [Accepted: 03/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Current advances in medicine have revolutionized the field of regenerative medicine dramatically with newly evolved therapies for repair or replacement of degenerating or injured tissues. Stem cells (SCs) can be harvested from different sources for clinical therapeutics, which include fetal tissues, umbilical cord blood, embryos, and adult tissues. SCs can be isolated and differentiated into desired lineages for tissue regeneration and cell replacement therapy. However, several loopholes need to be addressed properly before this can be extended for large-scale therapeutic application. These include a careful approach for patient safety during SC treatments and tolerance of recipients. SC treatments are associated with a number of risk factors and require successful integration and survival of transplanted cells in the desired microenvironment with concurrent tissue regeneration. Recent studies have focused on developing alternatives that can replace the cell-based therapy using paracrine factors. The development of stem "cell free" therapies can be devoted mainly to the use of soluble factors (secretome), extracellular vesicles, and mitochondrial transfer. The present review emphasizes on the paradigms related to the use of SC-based therapeutics and the potential applications of a cell-free approach as an alternative to cell-based therapy in the area of regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shalini Raik
- Department of Biophysics, PGIMER, Chandigarh, India
| | - Ajay Kumar
- Department of Biophysics, PGIMER, Chandigarh, India
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Shen L, Zhang P, Zhang S, Xie L, Yao L, Lang W, Lian J, Qin W, Zhang M, Ji L. C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 8 promotes endothelial cell homing via the Akt-signal transducer and activator of transcription pathway to accelerate healing of ischemic and hypoxic skin ulcers. Exp Ther Med 2017; 13:3021-3031. [PMID: 28587375 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2017.4305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2015] [Accepted: 02/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 8 (CXCL-8) promotes cell homing and angiogenesis. However, under hypoxic conditions, the role of CXCL-8 in the homing of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs), and its effect on the healing of skin ulcers caused by ischemia and hypoxia remain unknown. In the current study, assays measuring cell proliferation, in vitro angiogenesis and cell migration were performed to evaluate alterations in the proliferation, angiogenic capacity and chemotaxis of HUVECs treated with CXCL-8 protein and/or an Akt inhibitor (AZD5363 group) under hypoxic conditions. Changes in the levels of Akt, signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), malondialdehyde (MDA) and total-superoxide dismutase (total-SOD) were also detected by western blotting and ELISA. In addition, in vivo experiments were performed using a skin ulcer model in mice. Ischemic and hypoxic skin ulcers were created on the thighs of C57BL/6J mice, and the effects of CXCL-8 and HUVEC transplantation on the healing capacity of skin ulcers was determined by injecting mice with HUVECs and/or CXCL-8 recombinant protein (CXCL-8, HUVEC and HUVEC + CXCL-8 groups). Vascular endothelial cell homing, changes in vascular density and the expression of VEGF, SOD, EGF and MDA within the ulcer tissue were subsequently measured. In vitro experiments demonstrated that HUVEC proliferation, migration and tube forming capacity were significantly increased by CXCL-8 under hypoxic conditions. Additionally, levels of VEGF, MDA and SOD were significantly higher in the CXCL-8 group, though were significantly decreased by the Akt and STAT3 inhibitors. In vivo experiments demonstrated that the expression of VEGF, total-SOD and EGF proteins were higher in the skin ulcer tissue of mice treated with CXCL-8 + HUVEC, relative to mice treated with HUVECs alone. Furthermore, vascular endothelial cell homing and vascular density were significantly increased in the CXCL-8 + HUVEC group, indicating that combined use of HUVECs and CXCL-8 may promote the healing of ischemic skin ulcers. The present results demonstrate that CXCL-8 may stimulate vascular endothelial cells to secrete VEGF, SOD and other cytokines via the Akt-STAT3 pathway, which in turn serves a key regulatory role in the recruitment of vascular endothelial cells, reduction of hypoxia-related injury and promotion of tissue repair following hypoxic/ischemic injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Shen
- Department of Anatomy, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang 161006, P.R. China
| | - Peng Zhang
- Department of Anatomy, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang 161006, P.R. China
| | - Shanqiang Zhang
- Department of Anatomy, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang 161006, P.R. China
| | - Liping Xie
- Department of Anatomy, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang 161006, P.R. China
| | - Lijie Yao
- Department of Anatomy, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang 161006, P.R. China
| | - Weiya Lang
- Department of Anatomy, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang 161006, P.R. China
| | - Jie Lian
- Department of Anatomy, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang 161006, P.R. China
| | - Wei Qin
- Department of Anatomy, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang 161006, P.R. China
| | - Meng Zhang
- Department of Anatomy, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang 161006, P.R. China
| | - Liang Ji
- Department of Anatomy, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang 161006, P.R. China
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Supremacy of modern morphometry in typing renal oncocytoma and malignant look-alikes. Histochem Cell Biol 2015; 144:147-56. [PMID: 25929744 DOI: 10.1007/s00418-015-1324-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
In the era of tumour type-specific therapies, the correct typing of renal tumours is of prime importance. As immunotyping and genotyping approaches are laborious and fall short of standardization, we used whole-scale computer-assisted morphometry instead. Three different types of renal tumours with different prognoses and therapies, notoriously prone to mistyping, were analysed . The sample of 335 tumours included clear cell renal cell carcinoma, chromophobe renal cell carcinoma and renal oncocytoma. The sample was analysed using H&E stains of tissue microarrrays in combination with an image-scanning software. Nuclear and cytoplasmic features were registered with the aid of computer-assisted morphometry. Features included shape, texture, colour and colour intensity for different cell compartments, e.g. nuclei and cytoplasm. The software passed several training steps for final validation. Using morphometry, we were able to classify the three renal tumour types correctly, with a 100 % specificity compared to the WHO typing. Nuclear features dominated the typing of chromophobe renal cell carcinoma, whereas cytoplasmic features were the leading classificators for renal oncocytoma. The grading of clear cell renal cell carcinoma attained a specificity of 80 %. In conclusion, modern morphometry may serve as a tool for typing renal epithelial tumours and additionally draws the attention to future nuclear research in chromophobe renal cell carcinoma.
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Maleki M, Ghanbarvand F, Reza Behvarz M, Ejtemaei M, Ghadirkhomi E. Comparison of mesenchymal stem cell markers in multiple human adult stem cells. Int J Stem Cells 2014; 7:118-26. [PMID: 25473449 PMCID: PMC4249894 DOI: 10.15283/ijsc.2014.7.2.118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 176] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/25/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are adult stem cells which identified by adherence to plastic, expression of cell surface markers including CD44, CD90, CD105, CD106, CD166, and Stro-1, lack of the expression of hematopoietic markers, no immunogenic effect and replacement of damaged tissues. These properties led to development of progressive methods to isolation and characterization of MSCs from various sources for therapeutic applications in regenerative medicine. METHODS We isolated MSC-like cells from testis biopsies, ovary, hair follicle and umbilical cord Wharton's jelly and investigated the expression of specific cell surface antigens using flow cytometry in order to verify stemness properties of these cells. RESULTS All four cell types adhered to plastic culture flask a few days after primary culture. All our cells positively expressed common MSC- specific cell surface markers. Moreover, our results revealed the expression of CD19and CD45 antigens in these cells. CONCLUSION According to our results, high expression of CD44 in spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs), hair follicle stem cells (HFSCs),granulosa cells (GCs)and Wharton's jelly- MSCs (WJ-MSCs)may help them to maintain stemness properties. Furthermore, we suggest that CD105+SSCs, HFSCs and WJ-MSCs revealed the osteogenic potential of these cells. Moreover, high expression of CD90 in SSCs and HFSCs may associate to higher growth and differentiation potential of these cells. Further, the presence of CD19 on SSCs and GCs may help them to efficiency in response to trans-membrane signals. Thus, these four types of MSCs may be useful in clinical applications and cell therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masoud Maleki
- Department of Biology, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran ; Stem Cell Research Lab, Azarbaijan ART Centre, ACECR East Azarbaijan Branch, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Farideh Ghanbarvand
- Stem Cell Research Lab, Azarbaijan ART Centre, ACECR East Azarbaijan Branch, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | - Mehri Ejtemaei
- Department of Biology, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Elham Ghadirkhomi
- Department of Biology, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran
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Long NP, Huy NT, Trang NTH, Luan NT, Anh NH, Nghi TD, Hieu MV, Hirayama K, Karbwang J. Scientific Productivity on Research in Ethical Issues over the Past Half Century: A JoinPoint Regression Analysis. Trop Med Health 2014; 42:121-6. [PMID: 25324690 PMCID: PMC4165617 DOI: 10.2149/tmh.2014-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2014] [Accepted: 06/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ethics is one of the main pillars in the development of science. We performed a JoinPoint regression analysis to analyze the trends of ethical issue research over the past half century. The question is whether ethical issues are neglected despite their importance in modern research. METHOD PubMed electronic library was used to retrieve publications of all fields and ethical issues. JoinPoint regression analysis was used to identify the significant time trends of publications of all fields and ethical issues, as well as the proportion of publications on ethical issues to all fields over the past half century. Annual percent changes (APC) were computed with their 95% confidence intervals, and a p-value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS We found that publications of ethical issues increased during the period of 1965-1996 but slightly fell in recent years (from 1996 to 2013). When comparing the absolute number of ethics related articles (APEI) to all publications of all fields (APAF) on PubMed, the results showed that the proportion of APEI to APAF statistically increased during the periods of 1965-1974, 1974-1986, and 1986-1993, with APCs of 11.0, 2.1, and 8.8, respectively. However, the trend has gradually dropped since 1993 and shown a marked decrease from 2002 to 2013 with an annual percent change of -7.4%. CONCLUSIONS Scientific productivity in ethical issues research on over the past half century rapidly increased during the first 30-year period but has recently been in decline. Since ethics is an important aspect of scientific research, we suggest that greater attention is needed in order to emphasize the role of ethics in modern research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nguyen Phuoc Long
- University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City , 217 Hong Bang, District 5, Ho Chi Minh 70000, Vietnam ; Online Research Club ( http://onlineresearchclub.org )
| | - Nguyen Tien Huy
- Online Research Club ( http://onlineresearchclub.org ) ; Department of Clinical Product Development, Institute of Tropical Medicine (NEKKEN), Nagasaki University , 1-12-4 Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan
| | - Nguyen Thi Huyen Trang
- Online Research Club ( http://onlineresearchclub.org ) ; University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Hue City , Hue City, Vietnam
| | - Nguyen Thien Luan
- University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City , 217 Hong Bang, District 5, Ho Chi Minh 70000, Vietnam ; Online Research Club ( http://onlineresearchclub.org )
| | - Nguyen Hoang Anh
- Online Research Club ( http://onlineresearchclub.org ) ; School of Medicine, Vietnam National University , Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh 70000, Vietnam
| | - Tran Diem Nghi
- Online Research Club ( http://onlineresearchclub.org ) ; School of Medicine, Vietnam National University , Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh 70000, Vietnam
| | - Mai Van Hieu
- Online Research Club ( http://onlineresearchclub.org ) ; School of Medicine, Vietnam National University , Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh 70000, Vietnam
| | - Kenji Hirayama
- Department of Immunogenetics, Institute of Tropical Medicine (NEKKEN), Nagasaki University , 1-12-4 Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan
| | - Juntra Karbwang
- Department of Clinical Product Development, Institute of Tropical Medicine (NEKKEN), Nagasaki University , 1-12-4 Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan
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Patel SA, Dave MA, Bliss SA, Giec-Ujda AB, Bryan M, Pliner LF, Rameshwar P. T reg/Th17 polarization by distinct subsets of breast cancer cells is dictated by the interaction with mesenchymal stem cells. JOURNAL OF CANCER STEM CELL RESEARCH 2014; 2014:e1003. [PMID: 25705705 PMCID: PMC4334154 DOI: 10.14343/jcscr.2014.2e1003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) cells (BCCs) exist within a hierarchy beginning with cancer stem cells (CSCs). Unsorted BCCs interact with mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) to induce regulatory T cells (Tregs). This study investigated how distinct BCC subsets interacted with MSCs to polarize T-cell response, Tregs versus T helper 17 (Th17). This study tested BC initiating cells (CSCs) and the relatively more mature early and late BC progenitors. CSCs interacted with the highest avidity to MSCs. This interaction required CXCR4 and connexin 43 (Cx43)-dependant gap junctional intercellular communication (GJIC). This interaction induced Treg whereas interactions between MSCs and the progenitors induced Th17 response. The increases in Treg and Th17 depended on MSCs but not CTLA-4, which was increased in the presence of MSCs. Studies with BM stroma (fibroblasts) and MSCs from the same donors, indicated specific effects of MSCs. In total, MSC-CSC interaction required CXCR4 for GJIC. This led to increased Tregs and TGFβ, and decreased Th17. In contrast, late and early BCCs showed reduced formation of GJIC, decreased Treg and increased Th17 and IL-17. These findings have significance to the methods by which CSCs evade the immune response. The findings could provide methods of intervention to reverse immune-mediated protection and support of BC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shyam A. Patel
- Dept of Medicine, Hematology/Oncology, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers School of Biomedical Health Sciences, Newark, NJ, USA
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Rutgers School of Biomedical Health Sciences, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Meneka A. Dave
- Dept of Medicine, Hematology/Oncology, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers School of Biomedical Health Sciences, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Sarah A. Bliss
- Dept of Medicine, Hematology/Oncology, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers School of Biomedical Health Sciences, Newark, NJ, USA
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Rutgers School of Biomedical Health Sciences, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Agata B. Giec-Ujda
- Dept of Medicine, Hematology/Oncology, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers School of Biomedical Health Sciences, Newark, NJ, USA
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Rutgers School of Biomedical Health Sciences, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Margarette Bryan
- Dept of Medicine, Hematology/Oncology, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers School of Biomedical Health Sciences, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Lillian F. Pliner
- Dept of Medicine, Hematology/Oncology, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers School of Biomedical Health Sciences, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Pranela Rameshwar
- Dept of Medicine, Hematology/Oncology, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers School of Biomedical Health Sciences, Newark, NJ, USA
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Legacz M, Roepke K, Giersig M, Pison U. Contrast Agents and Cell Labeling Strategies for <i>in Vivo</i> Imaging. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.4236/anp.2014.32007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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13
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Sousa BR, Parreira RC, Fonseca EA, Amaya MJ, Tonelli FMP, Lacerda SMSN, Lalwani P, Santos AK, Gomes KN, Ulrich H, Kihara AH, Resende RR. Human adult stem cells from diverse origins: An overview from multiparametric immunophenotyping to clinical applications. Cytometry A 2013; 85:43-77. [DOI: 10.1002/cyto.a.22402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2013] [Revised: 09/27/2013] [Accepted: 10/01/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Bruna R. Sousa
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Cell Signaling and Nanobiotechnology Laboratory; Federal University of Minas Gerais; Belo Horizonte MG Brazil
| | - Ricardo C. Parreira
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Cell Signaling and Nanobiotechnology Laboratory; Federal University of Minas Gerais; Belo Horizonte MG Brazil
| | - Emerson A Fonseca
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Cell Signaling and Nanobiotechnology Laboratory; Federal University of Minas Gerais; Belo Horizonte MG Brazil
| | - Maria J. Amaya
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Digestive Diseases; Yale University School of Medicine; New Haven Connecticut
| | - Fernanda M. P. Tonelli
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Cell Signaling and Nanobiotechnology Laboratory; Federal University of Minas Gerais; Belo Horizonte MG Brazil
| | - Samyra M. S. N. Lacerda
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Cell Signaling and Nanobiotechnology Laboratory; Federal University of Minas Gerais; Belo Horizonte MG Brazil
| | - Pritesh Lalwani
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas; Universidade Federal do Amazonas; Manaus AM Brazil
| | - Anderson K. Santos
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Cell Signaling and Nanobiotechnology Laboratory; Federal University of Minas Gerais; Belo Horizonte MG Brazil
| | - Katia N. Gomes
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Cell Signaling and Nanobiotechnology Laboratory; Federal University of Minas Gerais; Belo Horizonte MG Brazil
| | - Henning Ulrich
- Departamento de Bioquímica; Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo; São Paulo SP Brazil
| | - Alexandre H. Kihara
- Núcleo de Cognição e Sistemas Complexos, Centro de Matemática, Computação e Cognição; Universidade Federal do ABC; Santo André SP Brazil
| | - Rodrigo R. Resende
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Cell Signaling and Nanobiotechnology Laboratory; Federal University of Minas Gerais; Belo Horizonte MG Brazil
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Pollen-induced antigen presentation by mesenchymal stem cells and T cells from allergic rhinitis. Clin Transl Immunology 2013; 2:e7. [PMID: 25505949 PMCID: PMC4232057 DOI: 10.1038/cti.2013.9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2013] [Revised: 09/02/2013] [Accepted: 09/03/2013] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are promising cellular suppressor of inflammation. This function of MSCs is partly due to their licensing by inflammatory mediators. In cases with reduced inflammation, MSCs could become immune-enhancer cells. MSCs can suppress the inflammatory response of antigen-challenged lymphocytes from allergic asthma. Although allergic rhinitis (AR) is also an inflammatory response, it is unclear if MSCs can exert similar suppression. This study investigated the immune effects (suppressor vs enhancer) of MSCs on allergen-stimulated lymphocytes from AR subjects (grass or weed allergy). In contrast to subjects with allergic asthma, MSCs caused a significant (P<0.05) increase in the proliferation of antigen-challenged lymphocytes from AR subjects. The increase in lymphocyte proliferation was caused by the MSCs presenting the allergens to CD4+ T cells (antigen-presenting cells (APCs)). This correlated with increased production of inflammatory cytokines from T cells, and increased expressions of major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-II and CD86 on MSCs. The specificity of APC function was demonstrated in APC assay using MSCs that were knocked down for the master regulator of MHC-II transcription, CIITA. The difference in the effects of MSCs on allergic asthma and AR could not be explained by the sensitivity to the allergen, based on skin tests. Thus, we deduced that the contrasting immune effects of MSCs for antigen-challenged lymphocytes on AR and allergic asthma could be disease specific. It is possible that the enhanced inflammation from asthma might be required to license the MSCs to become suppressor cells. This study underscores the need for robust preclinical studies to effectively translate MSCs for any inflammatory disorder.
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15
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Mesenchymal stem cell differentiation on electrochemically modified titanium: an optimized approach for biomedical
applications. J Appl Biomater Funct Mater 2013; 11:e9-e17. [PMID: 23797563 DOI: 10.5301/jabfm.5000174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/29/2012] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To speed up the osteointegration process, surface-treated titanium has been widely used in dental and orthopedic applications. The present work describes a new silicon-based anodic spark deposition (ASD) treatment and investigates the properties of the surfaces obtained, focusing on their capability to modulate the osteogenic differentiation potential of adult mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). METHODS The surfaces examined were obtained from commercially pure grade 2 titanium by a single-step ASD (SUM) eventually followed by a thermal treatment in alkali solution (SUMNa), while acid-etched titanium (AE; NextMaterials s.r.l.) was selected as a control. Their morphology, elemental composition, crystallographic structure of the Ti2O layer, wettability and topography were evaluated by scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, thin-film X-ray diffraction, contact angle measurements and laser profilometry, respectively. MSCs' response to surface properties was assessed by examining cell morphology and viability by scanning electron microscopy and Alamar Blue assay®, while their osteogenic differentiation potential was investigated by evaluating the levels of the enzyme alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and the degree of calcium accumulation by Alizarin Red-S (AR-S) staining. RESULTS The proposed ASD treatment has allowed the obtaining of surfaces with round-shaped micrometric pores, enriched in calcium, phosphorus and silicon and significantly more wettable than controls; furthermore, the treatment has been shown to promote MSC proliferation and the degree of in vitro mineralization. CONCLUSIONS The described ASD treatment may be an effective technique to modify the surface cues of titanium implants, aiming at enhancing the conveying of osteoprogenitor cells and their functional differentiation in bone cells.
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Fernández Vallone VB, Romaniuk MA, Choi H, Labovsky V, Otaegui J, Chasseing NA. Mesenchymal stem cells and their use in therapy: what has been achieved? Differentiation 2013; 85:1-10. [PMID: 23314286 DOI: 10.1016/j.diff.2012.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2012] [Revised: 07/10/2012] [Accepted: 08/16/2012] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The considerable therapeutic potential of human multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells or mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) has generated increasing interest in a wide variety of biomedical disciplines. Nevertheless, researchers report studies on MSCs using different methods of isolation and expansion, as well as different approaches to characterize them; therefore, it is increasingly difficult to compare and contrast study outcomes. To begin to address this issue, the Mesenchymal and Tissue Stem Cell Committee of the International Society for Cellular Therapy proposed minimal criteria to define human MSCs. First, MSCs must be plastic-adherent when maintained in standard culture conditions (α minimal essential medium plus 20% fetal bovine serum). Second, MSCs must express CD105, CD73 and CD90, and MSCs must lack expression of CD45, CD34, CD14 or CD11b, CD79α or CD19 and HLA-DR surface molecules. Third, MSCs must differentiate into osteoblasts, adipocytes and chondroblasts in vitro. MSCs are isolated from many adult tissues, in particular from bone marrow and adipose tissue. Along with their capacity to differentiate and transdifferentiate into cells of different lineages, these cells have also generated great interest for their ability to display immunomodulatory capacities. Indeed, a major breakthrough was the finding that MSCs are able to induce peripheral tolerance, suggesting that they may be used as therapeutic tools in immune-mediated disorders. Although no significant adverse events have been reported in clinical trials to date, all interventional therapies have some inherent risks. Potential risks for undesirable events, such as tumor development, that might occur while using these stem cells for therapy must be taken into account and contrasted against the potential benefits to patients.
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Alphonse RS, Rajabali S, Thébaud B. Lung injury in preterm neonates: the role and therapeutic potential of stem cells. Antioxid Redox Signal 2012; 17:1013-40. [PMID: 22400813 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2011.4267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Continuous improvements in perinatal care have allowed the survival of ever more premature infants, making the task of protecting the extremely immature lung from injury increasingly challenging. Premature infants at risk of developing chronic lung disease or bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) are now born at the late canalicular stage of lung development, just when the airways become juxtaposed to the lung vasculature and when gas-exchange becomes possible. Readily available strategies, including improved antenatal management (education, regionalization, steroids, and antibiotics), together with exogenous surfactant and exclusive/early noninvasive ventilatory support, will likely decrease the incidence/severity of BPD over the next few years. Nonetheless, because of the extreme immaturity of the developing lung, the extent to which disruption of lung growth after prematurity and neonatal management lead to an earlier or more aggravated decline in respiratory function in later life is a matter of concern. Consequently, much more needs to be learned about the mechanisms of lung development, injury, and repair. Recent insight into stem cell biology has sparked interest for stem cells to repair damaged organs. This review summarizes the exciting potential of stem cell-based therapies for lung diseases in general and BPD in particular.
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18
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O'Reilly M, Thébaud B. Cell-based strategies to reconstitute lung function in infants with severe bronchopulmonary dysplasia. Clin Perinatol 2012; 39:703-25. [PMID: 22954277 PMCID: PMC7112346 DOI: 10.1016/j.clp.2012.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Recent advances in our understanding of stem/progenitor cells and their potential to repair damaged organs offer the possibility of cell-based treatments for neonatal lung injury. This review summarizes basic concepts of stem/progenitor cell biology and discusses the recent advances and challenges of cell-based therapies for lung diseases, with a particular focus on bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), a form of chronic lung disease that primarily affects very preterm infants. Despite advances in perinatal care, BPD still remains the most common complication of extreme prematurity, and there is no specific treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan O'Reilly
- Department of Pediatrics, Women and Children Health Research Institute, University of Alberta, 87 Avenue, T6G 1C9, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Bernard Thébaud
- Department of Pediatrics, Women and Children Health Research Institute, University of Alberta, 87 Avenue, T6G 1C9, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada,Department of Pediatrics, Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Alberta, 87 Avenue, T6G 2S2, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada,Department of Physiology, University of Alberta, 87 Avenue, T6G 2H7, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada,Corresponding author. University of Alberta, 3020 Katz Centre, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2S2, Canada
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19
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Ho PJ, Yen ML, Yet SF, Yen BL. Current Applications of Human Pluripotent Stem Cells: Possibilities and Challenges. Cell Transplant 2012; 21:801-14. [DOI: 10.3727/096368911x627507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Stem cells are self-renewable cells with the differentiation capacity to develop into somatic cells with biological functions. This ability to sustain a renewable source of multi- and/or pluripotential differentiation has brought new hope to the field of regenerative medicine in terms of cell therapy and tissue engineering. Moreover, stem cells are invaluable tools as in vitro models for studying diverse fields, from basic scientific questions such as developmental processes and lineage commitment, to practical application including drug screening and testing. The stem cells with widest differentiation potential are pluripotent stem cells (PSCs), which are rare cells with the ability to generate somatic cells from all three germ layers. PSCs are considered the most optimal choice for therapeutic potential of stem cells, bringing new impetus to the field of regenerative medicine. In this article, we discuss the therapeutic potential of human PSCs (hPSCs) including human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) and human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs), reviewing the current preclinical and clinical data using these stem cells. We describe the classification of different sources of hPSCs, ongoing research, and currently encountered clinical obstacles of these novel and versatile human stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pai-Jiun Ho
- Regenerative Medicine Research Group, Institute of Cellular and System Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan
| | - Men-Luh Yen
- Departmant of Primary Medicine and Department of Obstetrics/Gynecology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shaw-Fang Yet
- Cardiovascular Research Group, Institute of Cellular and System Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan
| | - B. Linju Yen
- Regenerative Medicine Research Group, Institute of Cellular and System Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan
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20
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Park HW, Cho JS, Park CK, Jung SJ, Park CH, Lee SJ, Oh SB, Park YS, Chang MS. Directed induction of functional motor neuron-like cells from genetically engineered human mesenchymal stem cells. PLoS One 2012; 7:e35244. [PMID: 22496912 PMCID: PMC3320649 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0035244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2011] [Accepted: 03/11/2012] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell replacement using stem cells is a promising therapeutic approach to treat degenerative motor neuron (MN) disorders, such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and spinal cord injury. Human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) are a desirable cell source for autologous cell replacement therapy to treat nervous system injury due to their plasticity, low immunogenicity, and a lower risk of tumor formation than embryonic stem cells. However, hMSCs are inefficient with regards to differentiating into MN-like cells. To solve this limitation, we genetically engineered hMSCs to express MN-associated transcription factors, Olig2 and Hb9, and then treat the hMSCs expressing Olig2 and Hb9 with optimal MN induction medium (MNIM). This method of induction led to higher expression (>30% of total cells) of MN markers. Electrophysiological data revealed that the induced hMSCs had the excitable properties of neurons and were able to form functional connections with muscle fibers in vitro. Furthermore, when the induced hMSCs were transplanted into an injured organotypic rat spinal cord slice culture, an ex vivo model of spinal cord injury, they exhibited characteristics of MNs. The data strongly suggest that induced Olig2/Hb9-expressing hMSCs were clearly reprogrammed and directed toward a MN-like lineage. We propose that methods to induce Olig2 and Hb9, followed by further induction with MNIM have therapeutic potential for autologous cell replacement therapy to treat degenerative MN disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hwan-Woo Park
- Department of Oral Anatomy, Dental Research Institute and School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Sun Cho
- Department of Oral Anatomy, Dental Research Institute and School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Chul-Kyu Park
- Department of Physiology, Dental Research Institute and School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Jun Jung
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang-Hwan Park
- Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Shin-Jae Lee
- Department of Orthodontics, Dental Research Institute and School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seog Bae Oh
- Department of Physiology, Dental Research Institute and School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Seok Park
- Department of Oral Anatomy, Dental Research Institute and School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi-Sook Chang
- Department of Oral Anatomy, Dental Research Institute and School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Neuroscience Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- * E-mail:
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21
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Kapoor S, Patel SA, Kartan S, Axelrod D, Capitle E, Rameshwar P. Tolerance-like mediated suppression by mesenchymal stem cells in patients with dust mite allergy–induced asthma. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2012; 129:1094-101. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2011.10.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2011] [Revised: 10/16/2011] [Accepted: 10/21/2011] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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Patel N, Klassert TE, Greco SJ, Patel SA, Munoz JL, Reddy BY, Bryan M, Campbell N, Kokorina N, Sabaawy HE, Rameshwar P. Developmental regulation of TAC1 in peptidergic-induced human mesenchymal stem cells: implication for spinal cord injury in zebrafish. Stem Cells Dev 2012; 21:308-20. [PMID: 21671725 PMCID: PMC3258436 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2011.0179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2011] [Accepted: 06/10/2011] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are easy to expand, are relatively safe, and can be transplanted in allogeneic recipients as off-the-shelf cells. MSCs can be induced to form functional peptidergic neurons and express the neurotransmitter gene, TAC1. Expression of TAC1 requires that the repressor gene, RE-1 silencing transcription factor (REST), is decreased. This study investigated the molecular pathway in TAC1 induction as MSCs differentiated into neurons and then applied the findings in a model of spinal cord injury (SCI) in zebrafish. We studied the developmental roles of the 2 cAMP response element (CRE) sites: CRE1 and CRE2. Activator protein-1 (AP-1) binding site overlaps with CRE2 (CRE2/AP-1). Reporter gene studies with the 5' regulatory region of TAC1 containing wild-type or mutant CRE sites and, parallel studies with ectopically expressed inhibitor of cAMP proteins (inducible cAMP early repressor) indicated that CRE1 and CRE2/AP-1 are activated at days 6 and 12, respectively. Studies with protein kinase-A (PKA) and Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) inhibitors in the reporter gene studies, chromatin immunoprecipation assay, and ectopic expression of REST indicated the following pathways: Decrease of REST activated upstream c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK). In turn, JNK activated ATF-2 and AP-1 for interaction with CRE1 and CRE2/AP-1, respectively. To apply the finding to SCI, we transplanted 6-day-induced MSCs in transgenic HB9-GFP zebrafish larvae with SCI, in the presence or absence of JNK inhibitors. Imaging and functional studies showed significant improvement in the fish. The repair mechanism involved the activation of JNK. The findings have long-term implications for SCI repair with MSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nitixa Patel
- UMDNJ–New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey
| | - Tilman E. Klassert
- Instituto de Enfermedades Tropicales y Salud Pública, Universito of La Laguna, Canary Islands, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Neil Campbell
- UMDNJ–Robert Wood Johnson Medical School and Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey
| | - Natalia Kokorina
- UMDNJ–Robert Wood Johnson Medical School and Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey
| | - Hatem E. Sabaawy
- UMDNJ–Robert Wood Johnson Medical School and Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey
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23
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Patricio VJ. Science and ethics: bridge to the future for regenerative medicine. Int J Stem Cells 2011; 4:79-84. [PMID: 24298338 PMCID: PMC3840959 DOI: 10.15283/ijsc.2011.4.2.79] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/10/2011] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this article is to reflect on the relationship between regenerative medicine and ethics, using as references the Aristotelian concept of what is ethical and that of Raessler Van Potter about bioethics. To do this, I will briefly describe the advances in regenerative medicine with stem cells, the strategies for producing pluripotential cells without destroying human embryos, and the great potential of stem cells to improve life for Humanity, noting that for this to be possible, it is necessary to locate the role of regenerative medicine in the context of human values and well being. In this way, this article has a real perspective of the role that regenerative medicine can play in benefitting human beings and engendering respect for human and natural environments.
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Greco SJ, Patel SA, Bryan M, Pliner LF, Banerjee D, Rameshwar P. AMD3100-mediated production of interleukin-1 from mesenchymal stem cells is key to chemosensitivity of breast cancer cells. Am J Cancer Res 2011; 1:701-15. [PMID: 22016821 PMCID: PMC3195931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2011] [Accepted: 06/22/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer cells (BCCs) can remain quiescent for a long period, before detection and during remission. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) exert both protective and growth support of BCCs. Intercellular interactions between MSCs and BCCs partly occur through membrane-bound CXCL12 (SDF-1α) and its receptor, CXCR4. MSCs can protect BCCs by suppressing immune cytotoxicity and concomitant induction of regulatory T-cells. This study investigated how the cellular interactions between MSCs and BCCs can be targeted to sensitize the BCCs to chemotherapy. Knockdown of CXCR4 and CXCL12 indicated that these molecules are involved in reduced proliferation of MDA-MB-231 and T47D BCCs. We therefore treated co-cultures of MSCs and BCCs with the CXCR4 antagonist, AMD3100, and showed that this treatment led to cycling of BCCs with increased sensitivity to carboplatin, although the effectiveness of carboplatin required the presence of AMD3100. Cytokine array analyses and transwell cultures indicated that AMD3100 caused an increase in BCC proliferation by inducing the production of IL-1α and IL-1β in MSCs after uncoupling from BCCs. The findings with cell lines were validated with primary BCCs from the blood of patients, and in nude BALB/ c mice. MDA-MB-231 was injected in the dorsal flank of mice. The tumors were treated with IL-1 receptor antagonist, AMD3100 and/ or carboplatin. The results verified a critical role for IL-1 in transitioning MSCs from protective to supportive with respect to BCC growth. The clinical significance of these studies was further highlighted in preliminary studies that detected circulating MSCs in obese, but not non-obese patients. Since obese breast cancer patients show poor outcome, these findings underscore that importance of MSCs in consideration for future development of efficient therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven J Greco
- Department of
Medicine-Hematology/Oncology, UMDNJ-New Jersey Medical SchoolNewark, NJ, USA
| | - Shyam A Patel
- Department of
Medicine-Hematology/Oncology, UMDNJ-New Jersey Medical SchoolNewark, NJ, USA
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences,
UMDNJ-Newark CampusNJ, USA
| | - Margarette Bryan
- Department of
Medicine-Hematology/Oncology, UMDNJ-New Jersey Medical SchoolNewark, NJ, USA
| | - Lillian F Pliner
- Department of
Medicine-Hematology/Oncology, UMDNJ-New Jersey Medical SchoolNewark, NJ, USA
| | - Debabrata Banerjee
- Department of Medicine &;
Pharmacology, UMDNJ-RWJMS-CINJNew Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
| | - Pranela Rameshwar
- Department of
Medicine-Hematology/Oncology, UMDNJ-New Jersey Medical SchoolNewark, NJ, USA
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25
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Abstract
Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is the chronic lung disease of prematurity mainly affecting preterm infants that are born at 24-28 weeks of gestation. Surfactant therapy, antenatal steroids and incremental improvements in perinatal care have modified the pattern of injury and allowed survival of ever more immature infants, but there is still no specific treatment for BPD. As a consequence, this disorder remains the most common complication of extreme prematurity. Arrested alveolar growth and disrupted vasculogenesis, the histological hallmarks of BPD, may persist beyond childhood and lead to chronic lung diseases in adults. Recent advances in our understanding of stem cells and their potential to repair damaged organs offer the possibility for cell-based treatment for intractable diseases. This review summarizes basic concepts of stem cell biology and discusses the recent advances and challenges of stem cell-based therapies for lung diseases, with a particular focus on BPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajesh S Alphonse
- Department of Pediatrics and Women and Children Health Research Institute, Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alta., Canada
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