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Li C, Chen S, Wang Y. Physiological and proteomic changes of Castanopsis fissa in response to drought stress. Sci Rep 2023; 13:12567. [PMID: 37532761 PMCID: PMC10397200 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-39235-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Castanopsis fissa is a native, broadleaf tree species in Guangdong with characteristics of barrenness and fast growth and is often used as a pioneer species for vegetation restoration with excellent ecological benefits. To explore the response of C.fissa to drought, this study investigated the drought tolerance mechanism of C.fissa using physiological and proteomic assessments. Using a potted continuous drought experimental method with normal water supply as a control, we measured photosynthetic parameters, antioxidant enzyme activities, and osmoregulatory substances of C. fissa in response to drought stress for 1 to 4 weeks, respectively. In addition, we used TMT quantitative proteomics to identify differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) between the drought-stress-treated C. fissa leaves and the control leaves. With the extension of drought stress time, the photosynthetic indexes and peroxidase (POD) activity of C. fissa leaves showed a decreasing trend. The malondialdehyde (MDA) content; superoxide Dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activities; and proline (Pro), soluble sugar (SS) and soluble protein (SP) contents showed an overall increasing trend, all of which reached significant differences at 4 w of stress. We identified 177 and 529 DEPs in the 2 and 4 weeks drought-stress leaves, respectively, in reference to the control leaves. These DEPs were closely related to physiological metabolic processes such as photosynthesis, energy and carbohydrate metabolism, stress response and defense, transcriptional regulation, and signal ion transduction. Drought stress mainly affects photosynthesis, carbohydrate metabolism, and protein synthesis and degradation in C. fissa leaves. At 2 weeks of stress, the expression of carbon metabolism, pyruvate metabolism and ribosome-related proteins was significantly changed, however, and at 4 weeks of stress, protein processing in the endoplasmic reticulum and spliceosome-related proteins were significantly increased in plant leaves. To alleviate the effect of water unavailability, the drought-stressed C.fissa leaves increased its oxidative protective enzyme system to eliminate excess reactive oxygen species (ROS) and also increased its Pro and SP contents to maintain the intracellular osmotic potential balance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaonan Li
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, 510225, China
| | - Sanxiong Chen
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, 510225, China
| | - Yi Wang
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, 510225, China.
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2
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Le XH, Millar AH. The diversity of substrates for plant respiration and how to optimize their use. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 191:2133-2149. [PMID: 36573332 PMCID: PMC10069909 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiac599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Plant respiration is a foundational biological process with the potential to be optimized to improve crop yield. To understand and manipulate the outputs of respiration, the inputs of respiration-respiratory substrates-need to be probed in detail. Mitochondria house substrate catabolic pathways and respiratory machinery, so transport into and out of these organelles plays an important role in committing substrates to respiration. The large number of mitochondrial carriers and catabolic pathways that remain unidentified hinder this process and lead to confusion about the identity of direct and indirect respiratory substrates in plants. The sources and usage of respiratory substrates vary and are increasing found to be highly regulated based on cellular processes and environmental factors. This review covers the use of direct respiratory substrates following transport through mitochondrial carriers and catabolism under normal and stressed conditions. We suggest the introduction of enzymes not currently found in plant mitochondria to enable serine and acetate to be direct respiratory substrates in plants. We also compare respiratory substrates by assessing energetic yields, availability in cells, and their full or partial oxidation during cell catabolism. This information can assist in decisions to use synthetic biology approaches to alter the range of respiratory substrates in plants. As a result, respiration could be optimized by introducing, improving, or controlling specific mitochondrial transporters and mitochondrial catabolic pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuyen H Le
- School of Molecular Sciences, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, Perth 6009, Australia
- The ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, Perth 6009, Australia
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3
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Silva FA, Dias MS, Fernandes PD, Marcelino ADAL, Lima AM, Pereira RF, Barbosa DD, Silva MFC, Silva AAR, Santos RC. Pyruvic acid as attenuator of water deficit in cotton plants varying the phenological stage. BRAZ J BIOL 2023; 83:e272003. [PMID: 37162072 DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.272003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The lack of water during crop growth causes damage to any production system, especially when it occurs during the initial establishment or beginning of the reproductive stage. Although cotton can be properly managed in regions with water limitation, its yield is affected at different levels according to the genetics of the cultivar adopted. Exogenous application of some organic components has shown a stress-mitigating effect and can be a valuable procedure to enhance the yield of water stress-sensitive cultivars. The objective of this work was to evaluate the benefits of exogenous application of pyruvic acid (100 µM) in cotton plants under water deficit varying the phenological stage of the crop. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse, where the plants were grown in pots and subjected to seven days of water suspension, initiated individually in stages V2 and B1. Each pot contained two plants. The treatments adopted were: T1 - control, T2 - water suppression; and T3 - water suppression + pyruvate application. The design was randomized blocks in a factorial scheme (3 × 3) with three replicates. The reductions in gas exchange and growth of the cultivars BRS Seridó, CNPA 7MH and FM 966 were more significant in the reproductive stage, especially for FM 966, which was more sensitive. Pyruvate application reduced the effects of water suppression on boll production by 31% in BRS Seridó and 34% in CNPA 7MH and FM 966.
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Affiliation(s)
- F A Silva
- Universidade Federal de Campina Grande - UFCG, Unidade Acadêmica de Engenharia Agrícola - UAEA, Centro de Tecnologia e Recursos Naturais - CTRN, Campina Grande, PB, Brasil
| | - M S Dias
- Universidade Federal de Campina Grande - UFCG, Unidade Acadêmica de Engenharia Agrícola - UAEA, Centro de Tecnologia e Recursos Naturais - CTRN, Campina Grande, PB, Brasil
| | - P D Fernandes
- Universidade Federal de Campina Grande - UFCG, Unidade Acadêmica de Engenharia Agrícola - UAEA, Centro de Tecnologia e Recursos Naturais - CTRN, Campina Grande, PB, Brasil
| | - A D A L Marcelino
- Universidade Federal da Paraíba, Centro de Ciências Agrárias - CCA, Departamento de Fitotecnia e Ciências Ambientais - DFCA, Areia, PB, Brasil
| | - A M Lima
- Universidade Federal de Campina Grande - UFCG, Unidade Acadêmica de Engenharia Agrícola - UAEA, Centro de Tecnologia e Recursos Naturais - CTRN, Campina Grande, PB, Brasil
| | - R F Pereira
- Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária - EMBRAPA Algodão, Campina Grande, PB, Brasil
| | - D D Barbosa
- Universidade Federal da Paraíba, Centro de Ciências Agrárias - CCA, Departamento de Fitotecnia e Ciências Ambientais - DFCA, Areia, PB, Brasil
| | - M F C Silva
- Universidade Federal de Campina Grande - UFCG, Unidade Acadêmica de Engenharia Agrícola - UAEA, Centro de Tecnologia e Recursos Naturais - CTRN, Campina Grande, PB, Brasil
| | - A A R Silva
- Universidade Federal de Campina Grande - UFCG, Unidade Acadêmica de Engenharia Agrícola - UAEA, Centro de Tecnologia e Recursos Naturais - CTRN, Campina Grande, PB, Brasil
| | - R C Santos
- Universidade Federal da Paraíba, Centro de Ciências Agrárias - CCA, Departamento de Fitotecnia e Ciências Ambientais - DFCA, Areia, PB, Brasil
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Fernie AR, Cavalcanti JHF, Nunes-Nesi A. Metabolic Roles of Plant Mitochondrial Carriers. Biomolecules 2020; 10:E1013. [PMID: 32650612 PMCID: PMC7408384 DOI: 10.3390/biom10071013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2020] [Revised: 06/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial carriers (MC) are a large family (MCF) of inner membrane transporters displaying diverse, yet often redundant, substrate specificities, as well as differing spatio-temporal patterns of expression; there are even increasing examples of non-mitochondrial subcellular localization. The number of these six trans-membrane domain proteins in sequenced plant genomes ranges from 39 to 141, rendering the size of plant families larger than that found in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and comparable with Homo sapiens. Indeed, comparison of plant MCs with those from these better characterized species has been highly informative. Here, we review the most recent comprehensive studies of plant MCFs, incorporating the torrent of genomic data emanating from next-generation sequencing techniques. As such we present a more current prediction of the substrate specificities of these carriers as well as review the continuing quest to biochemically characterize this feature of the carriers. Taken together, these data provide an important resource to guide direct genetic studies aimed at addressing the relevance of these vital carrier proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alisdair R. Fernie
- Max-Planck-Instiute of Molecular Plant Physiology, 14476 Postdam-Golm, Germany
| | - João Henrique F. Cavalcanti
- Instituto de Educação, Agricultura e Ambiente, Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Humaitá 69800-000, Amazonas, Brazil;
| | - Adriano Nunes-Nesi
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa 36570-900, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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Tunsagool P, Jutidamrongphan W, Phaonakrop N, Jaresitthikunchai J, Roytrakul S, Leelasuphakul W. Insights into stress responses in mandarins triggered by Bacillus subtilis cyclic lipopeptides and exogenous plant hormones upon Penicillium digitatum infection. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2019; 38:559-575. [PMID: 30715581 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-019-02386-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2018] [Accepted: 01/25/2019] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Bacillus subtilis CLP extract activates defense gene expression and increases the unique protein production involving in pathways of ISR, SAR, ubiquitin-proteasome system, and glycolysis for stress responses in flavedo tissues. Cyclic lipopeptides (CLPs) of Bacillus subtilis ABS-S14 had ability to activate plant defensive pathways, increase resistance and control green mold rot caused by Penicillium digitatum in mandarin fruit. The current study investigated transcriptional and proteomic data to highlight the unique induction effect of CLPs produced by B. subtilis ABS-S14 on the defense mechanism of mandarins in response to P. digitatum attack, and their differences from those following the exogenous plant hormone application. The proteomic patterns of the flavedo tissues as affected by Bacillus CLP extract, salicylic acid (SA), methyl jasmonate (MeJA), and ethephon (Et) were explored. qPCR analysis revealed the great effects of CLP extract in enhancing the transcription of PAL, ACS1, GLU, POD, and PR1. Tryptic peptides by LC-MS analysis between treatments with and without fungal infection were compared. B. subtilis CLP extract empowered the plant's immune response to wound stress by the significant production of calmodulin-binding receptor-like cytoplasmic kinase 2, molybdenum cofactor sulfurase, and NAD+-dependent glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase. Ubiquitin carrier protein abundance was developed only in the treated flavedo with CLP extract coupled with P. digitatum infection. The gene expression and overall proteome findings involving pathways of ubiquitin proteasome system, ISR, SAR, and energy production provide a new insight into the molecular mechanisms of the antagonist B. subtilis ABS-S14 inducing resistance against green mold in mandarins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paiboon Tunsagool
- Department of Biochemistry, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, 90112, Thailand
| | | | - Narumon Phaonakrop
- Proteomics Research Laboratory, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, National Science and Technology Development Agency, Thailand Science Park (TSP), Pathum Thani, 12120, Thailand
| | - Janthima Jaresitthikunchai
- Proteomics Research Laboratory, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, National Science and Technology Development Agency, Thailand Science Park (TSP), Pathum Thani, 12120, Thailand
| | - Sittiruk Roytrakul
- Proteomics Research Laboratory, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, National Science and Technology Development Agency, Thailand Science Park (TSP), Pathum Thani, 12120, Thailand
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Jing Y, Shi L, Li X, Zheng H, He L. AGP30: Cd tolerance related gene associate with mitochondrial pyruvate carrier 1. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2019; 14:1629269. [PMID: 31198086 PMCID: PMC6768192 DOI: 10.1080/15592324.2019.1629269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2019] [Revised: 06/01/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Heavy metal ions which are not essential elements for basic metabolism severely threaten human health through food chain. As the most water-soluble and absorbed heavy metal ion, Cadmium (Cd) is easily accumulated and contaminates plants. Previously, mitochondrial pyruvate carrier 1 (MPC1) was proved to be required for Cd tolerance and Cd2+ exclusion. In this study, we carried out following mRNA expression profile analysis on Cd-treated mpc1-1 and wild-type plants. After further selection of differential expressed genes and Cd tolerance tests in yeast, we have discovered a novel Cd tolerance related gene: AGP30, which specifically expresses in root and is significantly regulated by MPC under Cd stress. This protein mainly localize in the cell wall of cells in root meristem region, which was consistent with our former Cd2+ flux measurement. In conclusion, our work discovered a new Cd resistant gene for utilizing in transgenic crops for preventing Cd2+ influx.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Jing
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Greenhouse Vegetable Biology, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China
- Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environmental Adaption Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Science, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Lin Shi
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Greenhouse Vegetable Biology, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Xin Li
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Greenhouse Vegetable Biology, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Han Zheng
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Greenhouse Vegetable Biology, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Lilong He
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Greenhouse Vegetable Biology, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China
- Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environmental Adaption Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Science, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
- CONTACT Lilong He Shandong Key Laboratory of Greenhouse Vegetable Biology, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, China
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Rurek M, Czołpińska M, Pawłowski TA, Staszak AM, Nowak W, Krzesiński W, Spiżewski T. Mitochondrial Biogenesis in Diverse Cauliflower Cultivars under Mild and Severe Drought. Impaired Coordination of Selected Transcript and Proteomic Responses, and Regulation of Various Multifunctional Proteins. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19041130. [PMID: 29642585 PMCID: PMC5979313 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19041130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2018] [Revised: 03/09/2018] [Accepted: 04/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial responses under drought within Brassica genus are poorly understood. The main goal of this study was to investigate mitochondrial biogenesis of three cauliflower (Brassica oleracea var. botrytis) cultivars with varying drought tolerance. Diverse quantitative changes (decreases in abundance mostly) in the mitochondrial proteome were assessed by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2D PAGE) coupled with liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Respiratory (e.g., complex II, IV (CII, CIV) and ATP synthase subunits), transporter (including diverse porin isoforms) and matrix multifunctional proteins (e.g., components of RNA editing machinery) were diversely affected in their abundance under two drought levels. Western immunoassays showed additional cultivar-specific responses of selected mitochondrial proteins. Dehydrin-related tryptic peptides (found in several 2D spots) immunopositive with dehydrin-specific antisera highlighted the relevance of mitochondrial dehydrin-like proteins for the drought response. The abundance of selected mRNAs participating in drought response was also determined. We conclude that mitochondrial biogenesis was strongly, but diversely affected in various cauliflower cultivars, and associated with drought tolerance at the proteomic and functional levels. However, discussed alternative oxidase (AOX) regulation at the RNA and protein level were largely uncoordinated due to the altered availability of transcripts for translation, mRNA/ribosome interactions, and/or miRNA impact on transcript abundance and translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michał Rurek
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, Umultowska 89, 61-614 Poznań, Poland.
| | - Magdalena Czołpińska
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, Umultowska 89, 61-614 Poznań, Poland.
| | | | - Aleksandra Maria Staszak
- Institute of Dendrology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Parkowa 5, 62-035 Kórnik, Poland.
- Present address: Department of Plant Physiology, Institute of Biology, Faculty of Biology and Chemistry, University of Białystok, Ciołkowskiego 1J, 15-245 Białystok, Poland.
| | - Witold Nowak
- Molecular Biology Techniques Laboratory, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, Umultowska 89, 61-614 Poznań, Poland.
| | - Włodzimierz Krzesiński
- Department of Vegetable Crops, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Dąbrowskiego 159, 60-594 Poznań, Poland.
| | - Tomasz Spiżewski
- Department of Vegetable Crops, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Dąbrowskiego 159, 60-594 Poznań, Poland.
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Shen JL, Li CL, Wang M, He LL, Lin MY, Chen DH, Zhang W. Mitochondrial pyruvate carrier 1 mediates abscisic acid-regulated stomatal closure and the drought response by affecting cellular pyruvate content in Arabidopsis thaliana. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2017; 17:217. [PMID: 29166881 PMCID: PMC5700692 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-017-1175-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2017] [Accepted: 11/13/2017] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Stomata are micropores surrounded by pairs of guard cells, and their opening is finely controlled to balance water vapor loss as transpiration and CO2 absorption for photosynthesis. The regulatory signaling network for stomatal movement is complicated, and increasing numbers of new genes have been shown to be involved in this process. Our previous study indicated that a member of the plant putative mitochondrial pyruvate carrier (MPC) family, NRGA1, is a negative regulator of guard cell abscisic acid (ABA) signaling. In this study, we identified novel physiological roles of pyruvate and MPC1, another member of the MPC family, in the regulation of stomatal closure in Arabidopsis. RESULTS Loss-of-function mutants of MPC1 (mpc1) were hypersensitive to ABA-induced stomatal closure and ABA-activated guard cell slow-type anion currents, and showed a reduced rate of water loss upon drought treatment compared with wild-type plants. In contrast, plants overexpressing MPC1 showed a hyposensitive ABA response and increased sensitivity to drought stress. In addition, mpc1 mutants accumulated more pyruvate after drought or ABA treatment. The increased pyruvate content also induced stomatal closure and activated the slow-type anion channels of guard cells, and this process was dependent on the function of RbohD/F NADPH oxidases and reactive oxygen species concentrations in guard cells. CONCLUSIONS Our findings revealed the essential roles of MPC1 and pyruvate in stomatal movement and plant drought resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Lin Shen
- Key Laboratory of Plant Cell Engineering and Germplasm Innovation, Ministry of Education, School of Life Science, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100 China
| | - Chun-Long Li
- College of Life Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, 221116 China
| | - Mei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Cell Engineering and Germplasm Innovation, Ministry of Education, School of Life Science, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100 China
| | - Li-Long He
- Key Laboratory of Plant Cell Engineering and Germplasm Innovation, Ministry of Education, School of Life Science, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100 China
| | - Min-Yan Lin
- Key Laboratory of Plant Cell Engineering and Germplasm Innovation, Ministry of Education, School of Life Science, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100 China
| | - Dong-Hua Chen
- Key Laboratory of Plant Cell Engineering and Germplasm Innovation, Ministry of Education, School of Life Science, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100 China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Cell Engineering and Germplasm Innovation, Ministry of Education, School of Life Science, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100 China
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Identification of Physiological Substrates and Binding Partners of the Plant Mitochondrial Protease FTSH4 by the Trapping Approach. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18112455. [PMID: 29156584 PMCID: PMC5713422 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18112455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2017] [Revised: 11/14/2017] [Accepted: 11/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Maintenance of functional mitochondria is vital for optimal cell performance and survival. This is accomplished by distinct mechanisms, of which preservation of mitochondrial protein homeostasis fulfills a pivotal role. In plants, inner membrane-embedded i-AAA protease, FTSH4, contributes to the mitochondrial proteome surveillance. Owing to the limited knowledge of FTSH4’s in vivo substrates, very little is known about the pathways and mechanisms directly controlled by this protease. Here, we applied substrate trapping coupled with mass spectrometry-based peptide identification in order to extend the list of FTSH4’s physiological substrates and interaction partners. Our analyses revealed, among several putative targets of FTSH4, novel (mitochondrial pyruvate carrier 4 (MPC4) and Pam18-2) and known (Tim17-2) substrates of this protease. Furthermore, we demonstrate that FTSH4 degrades oxidatively damaged proteins in mitochondria. Our report provides new insights into the function of FTSH4 in the maintenance of plant mitochondrial proteome.
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