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Kersey AL, Singh I, Gaharwar AK. Inorganic ions activate lineage-specific gene regulatory networks. Acta Biomater 2024; 183:371-386. [PMID: 38552761 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2024.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
Inorganic biomaterials have been shown to direct cellular responses, including cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions. Notably, ions released from these inorganic biomaterials play a vital role in defining cell identity, and promoting tissue-specific functions. However, the effect of inorganic ions on cellular functions have yet to be investigated at the transcriptomic level, representing a critical knowledge gap in the development of next-generation bioactive materials. To address this gap, we investigated the impact of various inorganic ions including silver, copper, titanium, and platinum on human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs). Our finding showed that silver and copper induce osteogenic and chondrogenic differentiation respectively, through enrichment of lineage-specific gene expression program. In particular, silver effectively induced Wingless/Integrated (Wnt) and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling, which are vital for osteogenesis. On the other hand, copper specifically stimulated Transforming growth factor beta (TGFβ) signaling, while suppressing Janus kinase/signal transducers and activators of transcription (JAK-STAT) signaling, thereby promoting chondrogenesis. In contrast, platinum, and tantalum, ions didn't stimulate regenerative responses. Together, our findings highlight the potential of inorganic biomaterials in tissue regeneration strategies, which currently rely largely on growth factors and small molecule therapeutics. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: This research emphasizes the critical role of bioactive inorganic ions in controlling lineage-specific gene expression patterns in mesenchymal stem cells, effectively modulating the transcriptome landscape and directing cell fate. The study lays the foundation for a systematic database of biomaterial candidates and their effects on cellular functions, which will ultimately streamline the translation of new biomaterials into clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna L Kersey
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, United States
| | - Irtisha Singh
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, United States; Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77807, United States; Interdisciplinary Program in Genetics, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, United States.
| | - Akhilesh K Gaharwar
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, United States; Interdisciplinary Program in Genetics, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, United States; Center for Remote Health Technologies and Systems, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, United States; Department of Material Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, United States.
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2
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Wang M, Lan S, Zhang W, Jin Q, Du H, Sun X, He L, Meng X, Su L, Liu G. Anti-Cancer Potency of Copper-Doped Carbon Quantum Dots Against Breast Cancer Progression. Int J Nanomedicine 2024; 19:1985-2004. [PMID: 38435754 PMCID: PMC10908338 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s449887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction The anti-cancer potency of copper-doped carbon quantum dots (Cu-CDs) against breast cancer progression needs more detailed investigations. Methods With urea and ethylene glycol applied as carbon sources and copper sulfate used as a reactive dopant, Cu-CDs were synthesized in the current study by a one-step hydrothermal synthesis method, followed by the characterization and biocompatibility evaluations of Cu-CDs. Subsequently, the anti-cancer potency of Cu-CDs against breast cancer progression was confirmed by these biochemical, molecular, and transcriptomic assessments, including viability, proliferation, migration, invasion, adhesion, clonogenicity, cell cycle distribution, apoptosis, redox homeostasis, and transcriptomic assays of MDA-MB-231 cells. Results The biocompatibility of Cu-CDs was confirmed based on the non-significant changes in the pathological and physiological parameters in the Cu-CDs treated mice, as well as the noncytotoxic effect of Cu-CDs on normal cells. Moreover, the Cu-CDs treatments not only decreased the viability, proliferation, migration, invasion, adhesion, and clonogenicity of MDA-MB-231 cells but also induced the redox imbalance, cell cycle arrest, and apoptosis of MDA-MB-231 cells via ameliorating the mitochondrial dysfunctions and regulating the MAPK signaling pathway. Conclusion Our findings confirmed the biosafety and excellent anti-cancer potency of Cu-CDs against breast cancer progression by tapping into mechanisms that disrupt malignant behaviors and oxidative homeostasis of breast cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengqi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Department of Achievement Transformation, Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shuting Lan
- Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Department of Achievement Transformation, Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wenqi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Department of Achievement Transformation, Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qin Jin
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hua Du
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaomei Sun
- Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Department of Achievement Transformation, Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lijun He
- Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Department of Achievement Transformation, Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiangyun Meng
- Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Department of Achievement Transformation, Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, People’s Republic of China
| | - Liya Su
- Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Department of Achievement Transformation, Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, People’s Republic of China
| | - Gang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Department of Achievement Transformation, Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, People’s Republic of China
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3
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Fan B, Zheng C, Wang N, Chang Z, Liu Y, Wang C, Xiang J, Tao Y, Wang G, Zhang Q. CircSTK3 drives the metastasis of colorectal cancer by regulating epithelial-mesenchymal transition. iScience 2023; 26:106170. [PMID: 36922993 PMCID: PMC10009203 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.106170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Circular RNAs (circRNAs) play crucial roles in malignancies. We aimed to delineate the functions and clinical importance of dysregulated circRNAs in colorectal cancer (CRC). We determined the circRNA expression profile from five CRC and paired adjacent normal tissues using circRNA microarray. We found that a novel circRNA, hsa_circ_0004592 (named circSTK3), was significantly upregulated in CRC tissues and correlated with decreased survival. Loss- and gain-of-function assays revealed that circSTK3 promoted the migration and invasion but not proliferation of cells. Whole genome expression microarray identified potential downstream targets and the regulatory networks of circSTK3; Gene Ontology analysis confirmed circSTK3 involvement in the CRC metastasis phenotype. Abnormal circSTK3 expression affected a subset of genes associated with CRC metastasis and triggered epithelial-mesenchymal transition programming, maintaining a tumor-promoting signature. Moreover, circSTK3 was transcriptionally regulated by CTCF. These findings reveal the functional and prognostic roles of circSTK3 and expose circRNAs as key players in metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boyang Fan
- Department of Colorectal Cancer Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150086, China
| | - Chaojing Zheng
- Department of Colorectal Cancer Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150086, China
| | - Ning Wang
- Department of Pharmacology (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China
| | - Zewen Chang
- Department of Colorectal Cancer Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150086, China
| | - Yunxiao Liu
- Department of Colorectal Cancer Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150086, China
| | - Chunlin Wang
- Department of Colorectal Cancer Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150086, China
| | - Jun Xiang
- Department of Colorectal Cancer Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150086, China
| | - Yangbao Tao
- Department of Colorectal Cancer Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150086, China
| | - Guiyu Wang
- Department of Colorectal Cancer Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150086, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Hangzhou 310000, China
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4
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Low V, Li Z, Blenis J. Metabolite activation of tumorigenic signaling pathways in the tumor microenvironment. Sci Signal 2022; 15:eabj4220. [DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.abj4220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The role of metabolites exchanged in the tumor microenvironment is largely thought of as fuels to drive the increased biosynthetic and bioenergetic demands of growing tumors. However, this view is shifting as metabolites are increasingly shown to function as signaling molecules that directly regulate oncogenic pathways. Combined with our growing understanding of the essential role of stromal cells, this shift has led to increased interest in how the collective and interconnected metabolome of the tumor microenvironment can drive malignant transformation, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, drug resistance, immune evasion, and metastasis. In this review, we discuss how metabolite exchange between tumors and various cell types in the tumor microenvironment—such as fibroblasts, adipocytes, and immune cells—can activate signaling pathways that drive cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivien Low
- Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Zhongchi Li
- Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - John Blenis
- Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021, USA
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5
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Tsai PJ, Lai YH, Manne RK, Tsai YS, Sarbassov D, Lin HK. Akt: a key transducer in cancer. J Biomed Sci 2022; 29:76. [PMID: 36180910 PMCID: PMC9526305 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-022-00860-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Growth factor signaling plays a pivotal role in diverse biological functions, such as cell growth, apoptosis, senescence, and migration and its deregulation has been linked to various human diseases. Akt kinase is a central player transmitting extracellular clues to various cellular compartments, in turn executing these biological processes. Since the discovery of Akt three decades ago, the tremendous progress towards identifying its upstream regulators and downstream effectors and its roles in cancer has been made, offering novel paradigms and therapeutic strategies for targeting human diseases and cancers with deregulated Akt activation. Unraveling the molecular mechanisms for Akt signaling networks paves the way for developing selective inhibitors targeting Akt and its signaling regulation for the management of human diseases including cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Jane Tsai
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Hsin Lai
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Rajesh Kumar Manne
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA
| | - Yau-Sheng Tsai
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
- Clinical Medicine Research Center, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Dos Sarbassov
- Biology Department, School of Sciences and Humanities, and National Laboratory Astana, Nazarbayev University, Nur-Sultan City, 010000, Kazakhstan.
| | - Hui-Kuan Lin
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA.
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6
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Meakin C, Barrett ES, Aleksunes LM. Extravillous trophoblast migration and invasion: Impact of environmental chemicals and pharmaceuticals. Reprod Toxicol 2022; 107:60-68. [PMID: 34838982 PMCID: PMC8760155 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2021.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Revised: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
During pregnancy, the migration and invasion of extravillous trophoblasts (EVTs) into the maternal uterus is essential for proper development of the placenta and fetus. During the first trimester, EVTs engraft and remodel maternal spiral arteries allowing for efficient blood flow and the transfer of essential nutrients and oxygen to the fetus. Aberrant migration of EVTs leading to either shallow or deep invasion into the uterus has been implicated in a number of gestational pathologies including preeclampsia, fetal growth restriction, and placenta accreta spectrum. The migration and invasion of EVTs is well-coordinated to ensure proper placentation. However, recent data point to the ability of xenobiotics to disrupt EVT migration. These xenobiotics include heavy metals, endocrine disrupting chemicals, and organic contaminants and have often been associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes. In most instances, xenobiotics appear to reduce EVT migration; however, there are select examples of enhanced motility after chemical exposure. In this review, we provide an overview of the 1) current experimental approaches used to evaluate EVT migration and invasion in vitro, 2) ability of environmental chemicals and pharmaceuticals to enhance or retard EVT motility, and 3) signaling pathways responsible for altered EVT migration that are sensitive to disruption by xenobiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cassandra Meakin
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ
| | - Emily S. Barrett
- Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences Institute, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ,Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Rutgers School of Public Health, Piscataway, NJ
| | - Lauren M. Aleksunes
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ,Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences Institute, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ,Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Rutgers School of Public Health, Piscataway, NJ,Center for Lipid Research, New Jersey Institute for Food, Nutrition, and Health, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ
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7
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Tejera-Muñoz A, Marquez-Exposito L, Tejedor-Santamaría L, Rayego-Mateos S, Orejudo M, Suarez-Álvarez B, López-Larrea C, Ruíz-Ortega M, Rodrigues-Díez RR. CCN2 Increases TGF-β Receptor Type II Expression in Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells: Essential Role of CCN2 in the TGF-β Pathway Regulation. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 23:375. [PMID: 35008801 PMCID: PMC8745763 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23010375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Revised: 12/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The cellular communication network factor 2 (CCN2/CTGF) has been traditionally described as a mediator of the fibrotic responses induced by other factors including the transforming growth factor β (TGF-β). However, several studies have defined a direct role of CCN2 acting as a growth factor inducing oxidative and proinflammatory responses. The presence of CCN2 and TGF-β together in the cellular context has been described as a requisite to induce a persistent fibrotic response, but the precise mechanisms implicated in this relation are not described yet. Considering the main role of TGF-β receptors (TβR) in the TGF-β pathway activation, our aim was to investigate the effects of CCN2 in the regulation of TβRI and TβRII levels in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). While no differences were observed in TβRI levels, an increase in TβRII expression at both gene and protein level were found 48 h after stimulation with the C-terminal fragment of CCN2 (CCN2(IV)). Cell pretreatment with a TβRI inhibitor did not modify TβRII increment induced by CCN2(VI), demonstrating a TGF-β-independent response. Secondly, CCN2(IV) rapidly activated the SMAD pathway in VSMCs, this being crucial in the upregulation of TβRII since the preincubation with an SMAD3 inhibitor prevented it. Similarly, pretreatment with the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) inhibitor erlotinib abolished TβRII upregulation, indicating the participation of this receptor in the observed responses. Our findings suggest a direct role of CCN2 maintaining the TGF-β pathway activation by increasing TβRII expression in an EGFR-SMAD dependent manner activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Tejera-Muñoz
- Molecular and Cellular Biology in Renal and Vascular Pathology, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz-Universidad Autónoma Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (A.T.-M.); (L.M.-E.); (L.T.-S.); (S.R.-M.); (M.O.)
- Red de Investigación Renal (REDINREN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (B.S.-Á.); (C.L.-L.)
| | - Laura Marquez-Exposito
- Molecular and Cellular Biology in Renal and Vascular Pathology, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz-Universidad Autónoma Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (A.T.-M.); (L.M.-E.); (L.T.-S.); (S.R.-M.); (M.O.)
- Red de Investigación Renal (REDINREN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (B.S.-Á.); (C.L.-L.)
| | - Lucía Tejedor-Santamaría
- Molecular and Cellular Biology in Renal and Vascular Pathology, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz-Universidad Autónoma Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (A.T.-M.); (L.M.-E.); (L.T.-S.); (S.R.-M.); (M.O.)
- Red de Investigación Renal (REDINREN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (B.S.-Á.); (C.L.-L.)
| | - Sandra Rayego-Mateos
- Molecular and Cellular Biology in Renal and Vascular Pathology, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz-Universidad Autónoma Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (A.T.-M.); (L.M.-E.); (L.T.-S.); (S.R.-M.); (M.O.)
- Red de Investigación Renal (REDINREN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (B.S.-Á.); (C.L.-L.)
| | - Macarena Orejudo
- Molecular and Cellular Biology in Renal and Vascular Pathology, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz-Universidad Autónoma Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (A.T.-M.); (L.M.-E.); (L.T.-S.); (S.R.-M.); (M.O.)
| | - Beatriz Suarez-Álvarez
- Red de Investigación Renal (REDINREN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (B.S.-Á.); (C.L.-L.)
- Translational Immunology Laboratory, Health Research Institute of Asturias (ISPA), 33011 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Carlos López-Larrea
- Red de Investigación Renal (REDINREN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (B.S.-Á.); (C.L.-L.)
- Translational Immunology Laboratory, Health Research Institute of Asturias (ISPA), 33011 Oviedo, Spain
- Department of Immunology, Hospital Universitario Central De Asturias, 33011 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Marta Ruíz-Ortega
- Molecular and Cellular Biology in Renal and Vascular Pathology, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz-Universidad Autónoma Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (A.T.-M.); (L.M.-E.); (L.T.-S.); (S.R.-M.); (M.O.)
- Red de Investigación Renal (REDINREN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (B.S.-Á.); (C.L.-L.)
| | - Raúl R. Rodrigues-Díez
- Red de Investigación Renal (REDINREN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (B.S.-Á.); (C.L.-L.)
- Translational Immunology Laboratory, Health Research Institute of Asturias (ISPA), 33011 Oviedo, Spain
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Li H, Chen L, Zeng H, Liao Q, Ji J, Ma X. Integrative Analysis of Histopathological Images and Genomic Data in Colon Adenocarcinoma. Front Oncol 2021; 11:636451. [PMID: 34646756 PMCID: PMC8504715 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.636451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Colon adenocarcinoma (COAD) is one of the most common malignant tumors in the world. The histopathological features are crucial for the diagnosis, prognosis, and therapy of COAD. Methods We downloaded 719 whole-slide histopathological images from TCIA, and 459 corresponding HTSeq-counts mRNA expression and clinical data were obtained from TCGA. Histopathological image features were extracted by CellProfiler. Prognostic image features were selected by the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) and support vector machine (SVM) algorithms. The co-expression gene module correlated with prognostic image features was identified by weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA). Random forest was employed to construct an integrative prognostic model and calculate the histopathological-genomic prognosis factor (HGPF). Results There were five prognostic image features and one co-expression gene module involved in the model construction. The time-dependent receiver operating curve showed that the prognostic model had a significant prognostic value. Patients were divided into high-risk group and low-risk group based on the HGPF. Kaplan-Meier analysis indicated that the overall survival of the low-risk group was significantly better than the high-risk group. Conclusions These results suggested that the histopathological image features had a certain ability to predict the survival of COAD patients. The integrative prognostic model based on the histopathological images and genomic features could further improve the prognosis prediction in COAD, which may assist the clinical decision in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Li
- Department of Biotherapy, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,West China Hospital, West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Linyan Chen
- Department of Biotherapy, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,West China Hospital, West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hao Zeng
- Department of Biotherapy, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qimeng Liao
- Department of Biotherapy, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,West China Hospital, West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jianrui Ji
- Department of Biotherapy, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,West China Hospital, West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xuelei Ma
- Department of Biotherapy, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,West China Hospital, West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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9
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Chen Y, Qin Y, Dai M, Liu L, Ni Y, Sun Q, Li L, Zhou Y, Qiu C, Jiang Y. IBSP, a potential recurrence biomarker, promotes the progression of colorectal cancer via Fyn/β-catenin signaling pathway. Cancer Med 2021; 10:4030-4045. [PMID: 33987980 PMCID: PMC8209559 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.3959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Revised: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a frequently occurring digestive system cancer and postoperative tumor metastasis and recurrence are the main reasons for the failure of CRC treatment. The aim of this study was to identifying and validating key genes associated with metastatic recurrence of CRC. RNA expression of three datasets (GSE17538, GSE32323, and GSE29623) was used for biomarker discovery. We identified integrin-binding sialoprotein (IBSP) as a candidate biomarker which was validated in three clinical cohorts (GSE41258, GSE21510, and GSE39582) and our clinical specimens. The results suggested that IBSP expression significantly increased at mRNA and protein levels among CRC cases, which was associated with metastatic recurrence, metastasis, high risk of recurrence, and poor survival in CRC. Consistent results were obtained in CRC cells. The relative level of serum IBSP evidently increased among CRC patients relative to normal controls, and downregulated after operation. As suggested by gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA), the IBSP level was associated with cell-matrix adhesion in CRC. Functional experiments in vitro showed that IBSP promoted the growth and aggressiveness of CRC, and the potential mechanism by which IBSP promoted carcinogenesis of CRC was the abnormal activation of Fyn/β-catenin signaling pathway. To sum up, findings in the present work indicate that IBSP can serve as the candidate biomarker for the diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China.,National & Local United Engineering Lab for Personalized Anti-tumor Drugs, Shenzhen Kivita Innovative Drug Discovery Institute, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Ying Qin
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Mengmeng Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Liping Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancrease Surgery, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Yong Ni
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Qinsheng Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China.,National & Local United Engineering Lab for Personalized Anti-tumor Drugs, Shenzhen Kivita Innovative Drug Discovery Institute, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Lulu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Yaoyao Zhou
- National & Local United Engineering Lab for Personalized Anti-tumor Drugs, Shenzhen Kivita Innovative Drug Discovery Institute, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Cheng Qiu
- National & Local United Engineering Lab for Personalized Anti-tumor Drugs, Shenzhen Kivita Innovative Drug Discovery Institute, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Yuyang Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
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10
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Fabrication of Adhesive Substrate for Incorporating Hydrogels to Investigate the Influence of Stiffness on Cancer Cell Behavior. Methods Mol Biol 2021; 2174:277-297. [PMID: 32813257 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-0759-6_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Stiffness control of cell culture platforms provides researchers in cell biology with the ability to study different experimental models in conditions of mimicking physiological or pathological microenvironments. Nevertheless, the signal transduction pathways and drug sensibility of cancer cells have been poorly characterized widely using biomimetic platforms because the limited experience of cancer cell biology groups about handling substrates with specific mechanical properties. The protein cross-linking and stiffening control are crucial checkpoints that could strongly affect cell adhesion and spreading, misrepresenting the data acquired, and also generating inaccurate cellular models. Here, we introduce a simple method to adhere to polyacrylamide (PAA) hydrogels on glass coverslips without any special treatment for mechanics studies in cancer cell biology. By using a commercial photosensitive glue, Loctite 3525, it is possible to polymerize PAA hydrogels directly on glass surfaces. Furthermore, we describe a cross-linking reaction method to attach proteins to PAA as an alternative method to Sulfo-SANPAH cross-linking, which is sometimes difficult to implement and reproduce. In this chapter, we describe a reliable procedure to fabricate ECM protein-cross-linked PAA hydrogels for mechanotransduction studies on cancer cells.
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11
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Pubertal mammary gland development is a key determinant of adult mammographic density. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2020; 114:143-158. [PMID: 33309487 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2020.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Revised: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Mammographic density refers to the radiological appearance of fibroglandular and adipose tissue on a mammogram of the breast. Women with relatively high mammographic density for their age and body mass index are at significantly higher risk for breast cancer. The association between mammographic density and breast cancer risk is well-established, however the molecular and cellular events that lead to the development of high mammographic density are yet to be elucidated. Puberty is a critical time for breast development, where endocrine and paracrine signalling drive development of the mammary gland epithelium, stroma, and adipose tissue. As the relative abundance of these cell types determines the radiological appearance of the adult breast, puberty should be considered as a key developmental stage in the establishment of mammographic density. Epidemiological studies have pointed to the significance of pubertal adipose tissue deposition, as well as timing of menarche and thelarche, on adult mammographic density and breast cancer risk. Activation of hypothalamic-pituitary axes during puberty combined with genetic and epigenetic molecular determinants, together with stromal fibroblasts, extracellular matrix, and immune signalling factors in the mammary gland, act in concert to drive breast development and the relative abundance of different cell types in the adult breast. Here, we discuss the key cellular and molecular mechanisms through which pubertal mammary gland development may affect adult mammographic density and cancer risk.
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Kaszak I, Witkowska-Piłaszewicz O, Niewiadomska Z, Dworecka-Kaszak B, Ngosa Toka F, Jurka P. Role of Cadherins in Cancer-A Review. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E7624. [PMID: 33076339 PMCID: PMC7589192 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21207624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 164] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Revised: 10/10/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cadherins play an important role in tissue homeostasis, as they are responsible for cell-cell adhesion during embryogenesis, tissue morphogenesis, differentiation and carcinogenesis. Cadherins are inseparably connected with catenins, forming cadherin-catenin complexes, which are crucial for cell-to-cell adherence. Any dysfunction or destabilization of cadherin-catenin complex may result in tumor progression. Epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a mechanism in which epithelial cadherin (E-cadherin) expression is lost during tumor progression. However, during tumorigenesis, many processes take place, and downregulation of E-cadherin, nuclear β-catenin and p120 catenin (p120) signaling are among the most critical. Additional signaling pathways, such as Receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK), Rho GTPases, phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) and Hippo affect cadherin cell-cell adhesion and also contribute to tumor progression and metastasis. Many signaling pathways may be activated during tumorigenesis; thus, cadherin-targeting drugs seem to limit the progression of malignant tumor. This review discusses the role of cadherins in selected signaling mechanisms involved in tumor growth. The clinical importance of cadherin will be discussed in cases of human and animal cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilona Kaszak
- Department of Small Animal Diseases, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 02-787 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Olga Witkowska-Piłaszewicz
- Department of Pathology and Veterinary Diagnostics, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 02-787 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Zuzanna Niewiadomska
- Carnivore Reproduction Study Center, Ecole Nationale Veterinaire d’Alfort, 94700 Maison Alfort, France;
| | - Bożena Dworecka-Kaszak
- Department of Preclinical Sciences, Institute of Veterinary Medicine; Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 02-787 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Felix Ngosa Toka
- Center for Integrative Mammalian Research, Ross University School of Veterinary Medicine, BOX 334 Basseterre, Saint Kitts and Nevis, West Indies;
| | - Piotr Jurka
- Department of Small Animal Diseases, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 02-787 Warsaw, Poland;
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Machado Brandão-Costa R, Helal-Neto E, Maia Vieira A, Barcellos-de-Souza P, Morgado-Diaz J, Barja-Fidalgo C. Extracellular Matrix Derived from High Metastatic Human Breast Cancer Triggers Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition in Epithelial Breast Cancer Cells through αvβ3 Integrin. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21082995. [PMID: 32340328 PMCID: PMC7216035 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21082995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 04/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Alterations in the composition and architecture of the extracellular matrix (ECM) can influence cancer growth and dissemination. During epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), epithelial cells assume a mesenchymal cell phenotype, changing their adhesion profiles from cell-cell contacts to cell-matrix interactions, contributing to metastasis. Breast cancer cells present at different stages of differentiation, producing distinct ECMs in the same tumor mass. However, the contribution of ECM derived from metastatic tumor cells to EMT is unclear. Here, we showed the mechanisms involved in the interaction of MCF-7, a low-metastatic, epithelial breast cancer cell line, with the ECM produced by a high metastatic breast tumor cell, MDA-MB-231 (MDA-ECM). MDA-ECM induced morphological changes in MCF-7 cells, decreased the levels of E-cadherin, up-regulated mesenchymal markers, and augmented cell migration. These changes were accompanied by the activation of integrin-associated signaling, with increased phosphorylation of FAK, ERK, and AKT and activation canonical TGF-β receptor signaling, enhancing phosphorylation of SMAD2 and SMAD4 nuclear translocation in MCF-7 cells. Treatment with Kistrin (Kr), a specific ligand of integrin αvβ3 EMT induced by MDA-ECM, inhibited TGF-β receptor signaling in treated MCF-7 cells. Our results revealed that after interaction with the ECM produced by a high metastatic breast cancer cell, MCF-7 cells lost their characteristic epithelial phenotype undergoing EMT, an effect modulated by integrin signaling in crosstalk with TGF-β receptor signaling pathway. The data evidenced novel potential targets for antimetastatic breast cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renata Machado Brandão-Costa
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Cell Biology, IBRAG, Rio de Janeiro State University, 20551-030 Rio de Janeiro (RJ), Brazil; (R.M.B.-C.); (E.H.-N.)
| | - Edward Helal-Neto
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Cell Biology, IBRAG, Rio de Janeiro State University, 20551-030 Rio de Janeiro (RJ), Brazil; (R.M.B.-C.); (E.H.-N.)
| | - Andreza Maia Vieira
- Laboratory of Endothelial Cell and Angiogenesis, IBRAG, Rio de Janeiro State University, 20550-900 Rio de Janeiro (RJ), Brazil;
| | - Pedro Barcellos-de-Souza
- Cellular and Molecular Oncobiology Program, Instituto Nacional de Câncer, 20231-050 Rio de Janeiro (RJ), Brazil; (P.B.-d.-S.); (J.M.-D.)
| | - Jose Morgado-Diaz
- Cellular and Molecular Oncobiology Program, Instituto Nacional de Câncer, 20231-050 Rio de Janeiro (RJ), Brazil; (P.B.-d.-S.); (J.M.-D.)
| | - Christina Barja-Fidalgo
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Cell Biology, IBRAG, Rio de Janeiro State University, 20551-030 Rio de Janeiro (RJ), Brazil; (R.M.B.-C.); (E.H.-N.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +55-21-2868-8298; Fax: +55-21-2868-8629
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Bellomo D, Arias-Mejias SM, Ramana C, Heim JB, Quattrocchi E, Sominidi-Damodaran S, Bridges AG, Lehman JS, Hieken TJ, Jakub JW, Pittelkow MR, DiCaudo DJ, Pockaj BA, Sluzevich JC, Cappel MA, Bagaria SP, Perniciaro C, Tjien-Fooh FJ, van Vliet MH, Dwarkasing J, Meves A. Model Combining Tumor Molecular and Clinicopathologic Risk Factors Predicts Sentinel Lymph Node Metastasis in Primary Cutaneous Melanoma. JCO Precis Oncol 2020; 4:319-334. [PMID: 32405608 PMCID: PMC7220172 DOI: 10.1200/po.19.00206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE More than 80% of patients who undergo sentinel lymph node (SLN) biopsy have no nodal metastasis. Here we describe a model that combines clinicopathologic and molecular variables to identify patients with thin and intermediate thickness melanomas who may forgo the SLN biopsy procedure due to their low risk of nodal metastasis. PATIENTS AND METHODS Genes with functional roles in melanoma metastasis were discovered by analysis of next generation sequencing data and case control studies. We then used PCR to quantify gene expression in diagnostic biopsy tissue across a prospectively designed archival cohort of 754 consecutive thin and intermediate thickness primary cutaneous melanomas. Outcome of interest was SLN biopsy metastasis within 90 days of melanoma diagnosis. A penalized maximum likelihood estimation algorithm was used to train logistic regression models in a repeated cross validation scheme to predict the presence of SLN metastasis from molecular, clinical and histologic variables. RESULTS Expression of genes with roles in epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (glia derived nexin, growth differentiation factor 15, integrin β3, interleukin 8, lysyl oxidase homolog 4, TGFβ receptor type 1 and tissue-type plasminogen activator) and melanosome function (melanoma antigen recognized by T cells 1) were associated with SLN metastasis. The predictive ability of a model that only considered clinicopathologic or gene expression variables was outperformed by a model which included molecular variables in combination with the clinicopathologic predictors Breslow thickness and patient age; AUC, 0.82; 95% CI, 0.78-0.86; SLN biopsy reduction rate of 42% at a negative predictive value of 96%. CONCLUSION A combined model including clinicopathologic and gene expression variables improved the identification of melanoma patients who may forgo the SLN biopsy procedure due to their low risk of nodal metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Mark A. Cappel
- Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL
- Gulf Coast Dermatopathology Laboratory, Tampa, FL
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Wang M, Liu B, Li D, Wu Y, Wu X, Jiao S, Xu C, Yu S, Wang S, Yang J, Li Y, Wang Q, Luo S, Tang H. Upregulation of IBSP Expression Predicts Poor Prognosis in Patients With Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Front Oncol 2019; 9:1117. [PMID: 31709184 PMCID: PMC6823256 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.01117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2019] [Accepted: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC), which is characterized by invasiveness and poor prognosis, is the sixth most common leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. Despite advances in multimodality therapy, ESCC mortality remains high, and an understanding of the molecular changes that lead to ESCC development and progression remains limited. In the present study, Integrin Binding Sialoprotein (IBSP) upregulation was found in 182 of 269 (67.7%) primary ESCC cells at the mRNA level by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Additionally, IHC staining further demonstrated that IBSP was upregulated in ESCC patients and IBSP protein upregulation was significantly related to the lymph node metastasis (P = 0.017), clinicopathologic stage (P = 0.001) and poor disease survival (P = 0.002). Moreover, functional studies illustrated that the IBSP gene can promote the proliferation and metastasis of ESCC cells. Furthermore, IBSP was found to regulate epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), which promotes tumor cell metastasis. In conclusion, our study suggests that IBSP may be a valuable prognostic marker for ESCC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingyue Wang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Baoxing Liu
- Department of Surgery, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Dan Li
- Department of Surgery, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yufeng Wu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xuan Wu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Shuyue Jiao
- Department of Internal Medicine, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Cong Xu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Sheng Yu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Shuai Wang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jianwei Yang
- Department of Radiology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yanmei Li
- Department of Radiology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Qiming Wang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Suxia Luo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Hong Tang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
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Eble JA, Niland S. The extracellular matrix in tumor progression and metastasis. Clin Exp Metastasis 2019; 36:171-198. [PMID: 30972526 DOI: 10.1007/s10585-019-09966-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 317] [Impact Index Per Article: 63.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2019] [Accepted: 04/05/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The extracellular matrix (ECM) constitutes the scaffold of tissues and organs. It is a complex network of extracellular proteins, proteoglycans and glycoproteins, which form supramolecular aggregates, such as fibrils and sheet-like networks. In addition to its biochemical composition, including the covalent intermolecular cross-linkages, the ECM is also characterized by its biophysical parameters, such as topography, molecular density, stiffness/rigidity and tension. Taking these biochemical and biophysical parameters into consideration, the ECM is very versatile and undergoes constant remodeling. This review focusses on this remodeling of the ECM under the influence of a primary solid tumor mass. Within this tumor stroma, not only the cancer cells but also the resident fibroblasts, which differentiate into cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), modify the ECM. Growth factors and chemokines, which are tethered to and released from the ECM, as well as metabolic changes of the cells within the tumor bulk, add to the tumor-supporting tumor microenvironment. Metastasizing cancer cells from a primary tumor mass infiltrate into the ECM, which variably may facilitate cancer cell migration or act as barrier, which has to be proteolytically breached by the infiltrating tumor cell. The biochemical and biophysical properties therefore determine the rates and routes of metastatic dissemination. Moreover, primed by soluble factors of the primary tumor, the ECM of distant organs may be remodeled in a way to facilitate the engraftment of metastasizing cancer cells. Such premetastatic niches are responsible for the organotropic preference of certain cancer entities to colonize at certain sites in distant organs and to establish a metastasis. Translational application of our knowledge about the cancer-primed ECM is sparse with respect to therapeutic approaches, whereas tumor-induced ECM alterations such as increased tissue stiffness and desmoplasia, as well as breaching the basement membrane are hallmark of malignancy and diagnostically and histologically harnessed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes A Eble
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, University of Münster, Waldeyerstr. 15, 48149, Münster, Germany.
| | - Stephan Niland
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, University of Münster, Waldeyerstr. 15, 48149, Münster, Germany
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Pan-Cancer analysis of the expression and regulation of matrisome genes across 32 tumor types. Matrix Biol Plus 2019; 1:100004. [PMID: 33543003 PMCID: PMC7852311 DOI: 10.1016/j.mbplus.2019.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2018] [Revised: 04/02/2019] [Accepted: 04/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The microenvironment plays a central role in cancer, and neoplastic cells actively shape it to their needs by complex arrays of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins, enzymes, cytokines and growth factors collectively referred to as the matrisome. Studies on the cancer matrisome have been performed for single or few neoplasms, but a more systematic analysis is still missing. Here we present a Pan-Cancer study of matrisome gene expression in 10,487 patients across 32 tumor types, supplemented with transcription factors (TFs) and driver genes/pathways regulating each tumor's matrisome. We report on 919 TF-target pairs, either used specifically or shared across tumor types, and their prognostic significance, 40 master regulators, 31 overarching regulatory pathways and the potential for druggability with FDA-approved cancer drugs. These results provide a comprehensive transcriptional architecture of the cancer matrisome and suggest the need for development of specific matrisome-targeting approaches for future therapies. In-depth characterization of matrisome gene expression and regulation in 10,487 patients across 32 human tumor types. Identification of transcription factor (TF) and “master regulators” governing each cancer’s matrisome. Analysis unveils therapeutic possibilities and suggests new treatments by repurposing of FDA-approved cancer drugs.
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18
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Gao L, Xu J, Li X, Wang T, Wu W, Cao J. 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin and TGFβ3-Mediated Mouse Embryonic Palatal Mesenchymal Cells. Dose Response 2019; 17:1559325818786822. [PMID: 30853873 PMCID: PMC6399763 DOI: 10.1177/1559325818786822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2018] [Accepted: 05/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) is a well-known environmental teratogenic effector for cleft palate. Transforming growth factor 3 (TGF-β3) is an essential growth factor for palatogenesis. The objective of this study is to clarify the effects of TCDD and TGF-β3 in mouse embryonic palatal mesenchymal (MEPM) cells. The effects of 10 nM TCDD, 10 ng/mL TGF-β3, or a combination of 10 nM TCDD and 10 ng/mL TGF-β3 on MEPM cells were revealed by cell and biological methods. With the increase in TCDD (0.5-10 nM), the expression of TGF-β3 increased, but at TCDD concentrations greater than 10 nM, the expression of TGF-β3 reduced. The viabilities of MEPM cells decreased in the 10 nM TCDD-treated group. But the viabilities increased in the 10 ng/mL TGF-β3-treated group, and the viabilities were intermediate in the group treated with a combination of 10 nM TCDD and 10 ng/mL TGF-β3. This phenomenon was the same as that of the motilities. In addition, we found that the expression of p-Smad2, p-Smad3,and Smad7 were increased by TCDD, TGF-β3, combination of TCDD and TGF-β3, but the expression of Smad4 were decreased by TCDD, TGF-β3, combination of TCDD and TGF-β3. These data revealed that TCDD and TGF-β3 interacted and affected MEPM cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyun Gao
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Xu
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao Li
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Wang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Weidong Wu
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Jia Cao
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, People's Republic of China
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Sivakumar P, Kitson C, Jarai G. Modeling and measuring extracellular matrix alterations in fibrosis: challenges and perspectives for antifibrotic drug discovery. Connect Tissue Res 2019; 60:62-70. [PMID: 30071759 DOI: 10.1080/03008207.2018.1500557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
An imbalance of extracellular matrix (ECM) deposition and turnover is a hallmark of fibrotic pathologies as opposed to normal repair response to injury across several organs. Antifibrotic approaches to date have targeted multiple mechanisms and pathways involved in inflammation, angiogenesis, injury, wound repair, ECM biosynthesis, assembly, crosslinking and degradation. Many of these approaches have been unsuccessful which may in part be due to suboptimal models and the lack of validated functional ECM end points relevant to fibrosis. In addition, drug discovery and development for fibrotic diseases has been challenging due to the lack of translatability from in vivo models to the clinic. Targeting growth factor signaling pathways such as transforming growth factor beta (TGFβ), platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), and fibroblast growth factor (FGF) are possible in simple recombinant cell models and the approval of the tyrosine kinase inhibitor, nintedanib (Ofev) is testament to the approach. However, drug targets directly impacting ECM synthesis, assembly or degradation have proven clinically intractable to date. The reasons for a lack of progress are many and include; non-traditional drug targets, lack of suitable high throughput screening assays and translational models, incomplete understanding of the role of the target. Here, we review the role of ECM in fibrosis, the challenges of ECM-targeted antifibrotic approaches, progress in the development of functional and biomarker-related ECM assays and where new translational models of fibrotic ECM remodeling could support drug discovery for fibrotic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pitchumani Sivakumar
- a Fibrosis Translational Research and Development , Bristol-Myers Squibb , Pennington , NJ , USA
| | - Christopher Kitson
- b Fibrosis Discovery Biology , Bristol-Myers Squibb , Pennington , NJ , USA
| | - Gabor Jarai
- a Fibrosis Translational Research and Development , Bristol-Myers Squibb , Pennington , NJ , USA
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20
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Liyun G, Xu J, Li X, Wang T, Wu W, Cao J. 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-Dioxin and TGF-β3 Mediated-Mouse Embryonic Palatal Mesenchymal Cells. Dose Response 2018; 16:1559325818810637. [PMID: 30479586 PMCID: PMC6247497 DOI: 10.1177/1559325818810637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2018] [Revised: 09/26/2018] [Accepted: 10/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) is a well-known environmental teratogenic agent for cleft palate. But transforming growth factor β3 (TGF-β3) is an essential growth factor for palatogenesis. This study is to clarify effects of TCDD and TGF-β3 in mouse embryonic palatal mesenchymal (MEPM) cells. The result showed that with increase of TCDD (0.5 nM-10 nM), the expression of TGF-β3 increased, but after 10 nM TCDD, the expression of TGF-β3 reduced. The viabilities of MEPM cells decreased in 10 nM TCDD-treated group. But the viabilities increased in 10 ng/mL TGF-β3-treated group, or the viabilities were between that of them in combination of 10 nM TCDD and 10 ng/mL TGF-β3-treated group. This phenomenon was the same as the motilities. In addition, we found that the expression of phosphorylated Smad2/3 and Smad7 was increased by 10 nM TCDD, 10 ng/mL TGF-β3, or combination of 10 nM TCDD and 10 ng/mL TGF-β3 induced, but the expression of Smad4 was decreased. These data revealed that the TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway affected TCDD and TGF-β3 in MEPM cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gao Liyun
- School of Public Health, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China.,Cooperative Innovation Center of Molecular Diagnosis and Medical Inspection Technology, Xinxiang, China
| | - Jie Xu
- School of Public Health, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Xiao Li
- Department of Stomatology, Zhengzhou People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Tao Wang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Jiujiang University, Jiujiang, China
| | - Weidong Wu
- School of Public Health, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Jia Cao
- School of Public Health, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
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21
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Yuan J, Tan L, Yin Z, Tao K, Wang G, Shi W, Gao J. GLIS2 redundancy causes chemoresistance and poor prognosis of gastric cancer based on co‑expression network analysis. Oncol Rep 2018; 41:191-201. [PMID: 30320360 PMCID: PMC6278374 DOI: 10.3892/or.2018.6794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2018] [Accepted: 09/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer is currently the fourth most common cancer and the third leading cause of cancer-associated mortality worldwide. Studies have identified that certain biomarkers contribute to the prognosis, diagnosis and treatment of gastric cancer. However, the biomarkers of gastric cancer are rarely used clinically. Therefore, it is imperative to define novel molecular networks and key genes to guide the further study and clinical treatment of gastric cancer. In the present study, raw RNA sequencing data and clinicopathological information on patients with gastric cancer were downloaded from The Cancer Genome Atlas, and a weighted gene co-expression network analysis was conducted. Additionally, functional enrichment and protein-protein interaction analyses were implemented to further examine the significant modules. As a result, 16 modules of highly correlated genes were acquired and colour coded, and the yellow module containing 174 genes associated with chemotherapy resistance and prognosis in gastric cancer was further analysed. The biological processes of the yellow module were primarily associated with cell adhesion, vasculature development and the regulation of cell proliferation. In addition, the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathways primarily involved the transforming growth factor-β signalling pathway, the cellular tumour antigen p53 signalling pathway, extracellular matrix-receptor interactions and focal adhesions. Notably, survival analysis and cell verification confirmed that high expression of GLIS family zinc finger 2 is significantly associated with chemoresistance and a worse prognosis in gastric cancer, and that this high expression is likely to be an important biomarker for the guidance of clinical treatment and prognostic evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingsheng Yuan
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, P.R. China
| | - Lulu Tan
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, P.R. China
| | - Zhijie Yin
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, P.R. China
| | - Kaixiong Tao
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, P.R. China
| | - Guobing Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, P.R. China
| | - Wenjia Shi
- Department of Paediatric Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, P.R. China
| | - Jinbo Gao
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, P.R. China
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Shadboorestan A, Tarfiei GA, Montazeri H, Sepand MR, Zangooei M, Khedri A, Ostad SN, Ghahremani MH. Invasion and migration of MDA-MB-231 cells are inhibited by block of AhR and NFAT: role of AhR/NFAT1/β4 integrin signaling. J Appl Toxicol 2018; 39:375-384. [DOI: 10.1002/jat.3728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2018] [Revised: 08/04/2018] [Accepted: 08/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Amir Shadboorestan
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy; Tehran University of Medical Sciences; Tehran Iran
| | - Ghorban Ali Tarfiei
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine; Tehran University of Medical Sciences; Tehran Iran
| | - Hamed Montazeri
- School of Pharmacy-International Campus; Iran University of Medical Sciences; Tehran Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Sepand
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy; Tehran University of Medical Sciences; Tehran Iran
| | - Mohammad Zangooei
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine; Tehran University of Medical Sciences; Tehran Iran
| | - Azam Khedri
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine; Tehran University of Medical Sciences; Tehran Iran
| | - Seyed Nasser Ostad
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy; Tehran University of Medical Sciences; Tehran Iran
- Toxicology and Poisoning Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy; Tehran University of Medical Sciences; Tehran Iran
| | - Mohammad Hossein Ghahremani
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy; Tehran University of Medical Sciences; Tehran Iran
- Toxicology and Poisoning Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy; Tehran University of Medical Sciences; Tehran Iran
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Furler RL, Nixon DF, Brantner CA, Popratiloff A, Uittenbogaart CH. TGF-β Sustains Tumor Progression through Biochemical and Mechanical Signal Transduction. Cancers (Basel) 2018; 10:E199. [PMID: 29903994 PMCID: PMC6025279 DOI: 10.3390/cancers10060199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2018] [Revised: 06/12/2018] [Accepted: 06/12/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) signaling transduces immunosuppressive biochemical and mechanical signals in the tumor microenvironment. In addition to canonical SMAD transcription factor signaling, TGF-β can promote tumor growth and survival by inhibiting proinflammatory signaling and extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling. In this article, we review how TGF-β activated kinase 1 (TAK1) activation lies at the intersection of proinflammatory signaling by immune receptors and anti-inflammatory signaling by TGF-β receptors. Additionally, we discuss the role of TGF-β in the mechanobiology of cancer. Understanding how TGF-β dampens proinflammatory responses and induces pro-survival mechanical signals throughout cancer development is critical for designing therapeutics that inhibit tumor progression while bolstering the immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert L Furler
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Weill Cornell Medicine, 413 E 69th St., Belfer Research Building, New York, NY 10021, USA.
| | - Douglas F Nixon
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Weill Cornell Medicine, 413 E 69th St., Belfer Research Building, New York, NY 10021, USA.
| | - Christine A Brantner
- GW Nanofabrication and Imaging Center, Office of the Vice President for Research, George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052, USA.
| | - Anastas Popratiloff
- GW Nanofabrication and Imaging Center, Office of the Vice President for Research, George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052, USA.
| | - Christel H Uittenbogaart
- Departments of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, Medicine, Pediatrics, UCLA AIDS Institute and the Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, 615 Charles E. Young Drive South, BSRB2, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
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24
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Moshe A, Izraely S, Sagi-Assif O, Prakash R, Telerman A, Meshel T, Carmichael T, Witz IP. Cystatin C takes part in melanoma-microglia cross-talk: possible implications for brain metastasis. Clin Exp Metastasis 2018; 35:369-378. [PMID: 29722001 PMCID: PMC6208992 DOI: 10.1007/s10585-018-9891-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2018] [Accepted: 04/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The development of melanoma brain metastasis is largely dependent on mutual interactions between the melanoma cells and cells in the brain microenvironment. Here, we report that the extracellular cysteine protease inhibitor cystatin C (CysC) is involved in these interactions. Microglia-derived factors upregulated CysC secretion by melanoma. Similarly, melanoma-derived factors upregulated CysC secretion by microglia. Whereas CysC enhanced melanoma cell migration through a layer of brain endothelial cells, it inhibited the migration of microglia cells toward melanoma cells. CysC was also found to promote the formation of melanoma three-dimensional structures in matrigel. IHC analysis revealed increased expression levels of CysC in the brain of immune-deficient mice bearing xenografted human melanoma brain metastasis compared to the brain of control mice. Based on these in vitro and in vivo experiments we hypothesize that CysC promotes melanoma brain metastasis. Increased expression levels of CysC were detected in the regenerating brain of mice after stroke. Post-stroke brain with melanoma brain metastasis showed an even stronger expression of CysC. The in vitro induction of stroke-like conditions in brain microenvironmental cells increased the levels of CysC in the secretome of microglia cells, but not in the secretome of brain endothelial cells. The similarities between melanoma brain metastasis and stroke with respect to CysC expression by and secretion from microglia cells suggest that CysC may be involved in shared pathways between brain metastasis and post-stroke regeneration. This manifests the tendency of tumor cells to highjack physiological molecular pathways in their progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adi Moshe
- Department of Cell Research and Immunology, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, 69978, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Sivan Izraely
- Department of Cell Research and Immunology, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, 69978, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Orit Sagi-Assif
- Department of Cell Research and Immunology, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, 69978, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Roshini Prakash
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Alona Telerman
- Department of Cell Research and Immunology, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, 69978, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Tsipi Meshel
- Department of Cell Research and Immunology, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, 69978, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Thomas Carmichael
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Isaac P Witz
- Department of Cell Research and Immunology, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, 69978, Tel Aviv, Israel.
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25
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Obesity reversibly depletes the basal cell population and enhances mammary epithelial cell estrogen receptor alpha expression and progenitor activity. Breast Cancer Res 2017; 19:128. [PMID: 29187227 PMCID: PMC5707907 DOI: 10.1186/s13058-017-0921-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2017] [Accepted: 11/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Obesity is correlated with an increased risk for developing postmenopausal breast cancer. Since obesity rates continue to rise worldwide, it is important to understand how the obese microenvironment influences normal mammary tissue to increase breast cancer risk. We hypothesized that obesity increases the proportion of luminal progenitor cells, which are thought to be the cells of origin for the most common types of breast cancer, potentially leading to an increased risk for breast cancer. Methods To study the obese microenvironment within the mammary gland, we used a high-fat diet mouse model of obesity and human breast tissue from reduction mammoplasty surgery. We identified changes in breast epithelial cell populations using flow cytometry for cell surface markers, in vitro functional assays and expression of markers on breast tissue sections. Results In both obese female mice and women, mammary epithelial cell populations demonstrated significant decreases in basal/myoepithelial cells, using either flow cytometry or cell-type-specific markers (SMA and p63). Estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) expression was significantly increased in luminal cells in obese mammary tissue, compared with control mice or breast tissue from lean women. Functional assays demonstrated significantly enhanced mammary epithelial progenitor activity in obese mammary epithelial cells and elevated numbers of ERα-positive epithelial cells that were co-labeled with markers of proliferation. Weight loss in a group of obese mice reversed increases in progenitor activity and ERα expression observed in obese mammary tissue. Conclusions Obesity enhances ERα-positive epithelial cells, reduces the number of basal/myoepithelial cells, and increases stem/progenitor activity within normal mammary tissue in both women and female mice. These changes in epithelial cell populations induced by obesity are reversible with weight loss. Our findings support further studies to examine how obesity-induced changes in stem/progenitor cells impact breast tumor incidence and histologic tumor types. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13058-017-0921-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Kourtidis A, Lu R, Pence LJ, Anastasiadis PZ. A central role for cadherin signaling in cancer. Exp Cell Res 2017; 358:78-85. [PMID: 28412244 PMCID: PMC5544584 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2017.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 163] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2017] [Revised: 04/03/2017] [Accepted: 04/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Cadherins are homophilic adhesion molecules with important functions in cell-cell adhesion, tissue morphogenesis, and cancer. In epithelial cells, E-cadherin accumulates at areas of cell-cell contact, coalesces into macromolecular complexes to form the adherens junctions (AJs), and associates via accessory partners with a subcortical ring of actin to form the apical zonula adherens (ZA). As a master regulator of the epithelial phenotype, E-cadherin is essential for the overall maintenance and homeostasis of polarized epithelial monolayers. Its expression is regulated by a host of genetic and epigenetic mechanisms related to cancer, and its function is modulated by mechanical forces at the junctions, by direct binding and phosphorylation of accessory proteins collectively termed catenins, by endocytosis, recycling and degradation, as well as, by multiple signaling pathways and developmental processes, like the epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT). Nuclear signaling mediated by the cadherin associated proteins β-catenin and p120 promotes growth, migration and pluripotency. Receptor tyrosine kinase, PI3K/AKT, Rho GTPase, and HIPPO signaling, are all regulated by E-cadherin mediated cell-cell adhesion. Finally, the recruitment of the microprocessor complex to the ZA by PLEKHA7, and the subsequent regulation of a small subset of miRNAs provide an additional mechanism by which the state of epithelial cell-cell adhesion affects translation of target genes to maintain the homeostasis of polarized epithelial monolayers. Collectively, the data indicate that loss of E-cadherin function, especially at the ZA, is a common and crucial step in cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonis Kourtidis
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, 173 Ashley Avenue, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Ruifeng Lu
- Department of Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic, 4500 San Pablo Road, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
| | - Lindy J Pence
- Department of Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic, 4500 San Pablo Road, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
| | - Panos Z Anastasiadis
- Department of Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic, 4500 San Pablo Road, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA.
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27
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Brooks SA, Fry RC. Cadmium inhibits placental trophoblast cell migration via miRNA regulation of the transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) pathway. Food Chem Toxicol 2017; 109:721-726. [PMID: 28774740 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2017.07.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2017] [Revised: 07/27/2017] [Accepted: 07/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Preeclampsia (PE), a condition during pregnancy that involves high blood pressure and proteinuria, is potentially fatal to both mother and child. PE currently has no known etiology or cure but has been tied to poor placental trophoblast cell migration. Increased levels of the toxic metal cadmium (Cd) have been associated with increased risk of developing PE, as well as miRNA-associated regulation of the transforming growth factorbeta (TGF-β) pathway. Signal reprogramming of the TGF-β pathway via epigenetic mechanisms is hypothesized to modify placental trophoblast function. In the present study we investigated the role of increased and decreased signaling of the TGF-β pathway in relation to Cd-induced reduction in cellular migration in JEG3 trophoblast cells. Furthermore, the role of a miR-26a as a molecular mediator of placental trophoblast migration was confirmed. The results demonstrate that increased expression of miR-26a and decreased signaling of the TGF-β pathway increase placental cell migration. These findings have relevance for mechanistic understanding of the underpinnings of poor placentation associated with PE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samira A Brooks
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, 135 Dauer Drive, CB 7431, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Rebecca C Fry
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, 135 Dauer Drive, CB 7431, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; Curriculum in Toxicology, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
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Zhang S, Wang D, Dong S, Yang Z, Yan Z. iTRAQ-based quantitative proteomic analysis reveals Bai-Hu-Tang enhances phagocytosis and cross-presentation against LPS fever in rabbit. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2017; 207:1-7. [PMID: 28552634 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2017.05.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2016] [Revised: 05/11/2017] [Accepted: 05/14/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Bai-Hu-Tang (BHT), a classical anti-febrile Chinese formula comprising of liquorice, anemarrhena rhizome, gypsum and rice, has been traditionally used to anti-febrile treatment and promote the production of body fluid to relieve thirst. In this paper, we aim to explore anti-febrile mechanism of BHT at protein level through analyzing alteration of differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) both lipopolysaccharide (LPS) fever syndrome and that was treated with BHT in rabbits. MATERIALS AND METHODS Febrile model was induced by LPS injection (i.v.) in rabbits, and BHT (750mg dry extract/kg body weight) was gavaged to another group of LPS fever rabbits. After sacrifice of animals, total protein of liver tissue was isolated, and two-dimensional liquid chromatography (LC) - tandem mass spectrometry (MS) coupled with isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantification (iTRAQ) labeling analysis was employed to quantitatively identify differentially expressed proteins in two group animals, which were compared with control group. Then bioinformatic analysis of DEPs was conducted through hierarchical Clustering, Venn analysis, gene ontology (GO) annotation enrichment, and kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes (KEGG) pathways enrichment. RESULT The results demonstrated there were 63 and 109 DEPs in LPS fever group and BHT-treated group, respectively. Enrichment analysis of GO annotations indicated that BHT mainly regulated expression of some extracellular structural proteins for response to stimulus and stress. KEGG analysis showed that ribosome and phagosome were the most significant pathways. Thereinto, several proteins in phagosome pathway were significantly up-regulated by BHT, including F-actin, coronin, Rac, and major histocompatibility complex class I (MHC I), which work in phagocytosis and cross-presentation CONCLUSION: BHT may contribute to pyrogen clearance by boosting antigenic phagocytosis, degradation, and cross presentation in the liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shidong Zhang
- Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Science of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730050, China; Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Discovery, Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou 730050, China.
| | - Dongsheng Wang
- Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Science of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730050, China; Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Discovery, Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou 730050, China.
| | - Shuwei Dong
- Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Science of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730050, China; Key Laboratory of New Animal Drug Project of Gansu Province, Lanzhou 730050, China.
| | - Zhiqiang Yang
- Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Science of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730050, China; Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Discovery, Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou 730050, China; Key Laboratory of New Animal Drug Project of Gansu Province, Lanzhou 730050, China.
| | - Zuoting Yan
- Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Science of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730050, China; Key Laboratory of New Animal Drug Project of Gansu Province, Lanzhou 730050, China.
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Radisky ES, Raeeszadeh-Sarmazdeh M, Radisky DC. Therapeutic Potential of Matrix Metalloproteinase Inhibition in Breast Cancer. J Cell Biochem 2017; 118:3531-3548. [PMID: 28585723 PMCID: PMC5621753 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.26185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2017] [Accepted: 06/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are a family of zinc endopeptidases that cleave nearly all components of the extracellular matrix as well as many other soluble and cell-associated proteins. MMPs have been implicated in normal physiological processes, including development, and in the acquisition and progression of the malignant phenotype. Disappointing results from a series of clinical trials testing small molecule, broad spectrum MMP inhibitors as cancer therapeutics led to a re-evaluation of how MMPs function in the tumor microenvironment, and ongoing research continues to reveal that these proteins play complex roles in cancer development and progression. It is now clear that effective targeting of MMPs for therapeutic benefit will require selective inhibition of specific MMPs. Here, we provide an overview of the MMP family and its biological regulators, the tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs). We then summarize recent research from model systems that elucidate how specific MMPs drive the malignant phenotype of breast cancer cells, including acquisition of cancer stem cell features and induction of the epithelial-mesenchymal transition, and we also outline clinical studies that implicate specific MMPs in breast cancer outcomes. We conclude by discussing ongoing strategies for development of inhibitors with therapeutic potential that are capable of selectively targeting the MMPs most responsible for tumor promotion, with special consideration of the potential of biologics including antibodies and engineered proteins based on the TIMP scaffold. J. Cell. Biochem. 118: 3531-3548, 2017. © 2017 The Authors. Journal of Cellular Biochemistry Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evette S Radisky
- Department of Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic Comprehensive Cancer Center, Jacksonville 32224, Florida
| | | | - Derek C Radisky
- Department of Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic Comprehensive Cancer Center, Jacksonville 32224, Florida
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Marelli G, Sica A, Vannucci L, Allavena P. Inflammation as target in cancer therapy. Curr Opin Pharmacol 2017; 35:57-65. [PMID: 28618326 DOI: 10.1016/j.coph.2017.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2017] [Revised: 05/22/2017] [Accepted: 05/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Cells of the innate immunity infiltrating tumour tissues promote, rather than halt, cancer cell proliferation and distant spreading. Tumour-Associated Macrophages (TAMs) are abundantly present in the tumour milieu and here trigger and perpetrate a state of chronic inflammation which ultimately supports disease development and contributes to an immune-suppressive environment. Therapeutic strategies to limit inflammatory cells and their products have been successful in pre-clinical tumour models. Early clinical trials with specific cytokine and chemokine inhibitors, or with strategies designed to target TAMs, are on their way in different solid malignancies. Partial clinical responses and stabilization of diseases were observed in some patients, in the absence of significant toxicity. These encouraging results open new perspectives of combination treatments aimed at reducing cancer-promoting inflammation to maximize the anti-tumour efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Antonio Sica
- IRCCS Istituto Clinico Humanitas, Rozzano, Milan, Italy; Università Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Luca Vannucci
- Institute of Microbiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Paola Allavena
- IRCCS Istituto Clinico Humanitas, Rozzano, Milan, Italy.
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31
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Candia J. TGF-ß alterations in oral squamous cell carcinoma. Narrative review. JOURNAL OF ORAL RESEARCH 2016. [DOI: 10.17126/joralres.2016.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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Anti-TGF-β Antibody, 1D11, Ameliorates Glomerular Fibrosis in Mouse Models after the Onset of Proteinuria. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0155534. [PMID: 27187580 PMCID: PMC4871338 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0155534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2015] [Accepted: 04/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Fibrosis is a final common pathway leading to loss of kidney function, in which the fibrogenic cytokine, transforming growth factor β (TGF-β), plays a central role. While previous studies showed that TGF-β antagonism by various means prevents fibrosis in mouse models, clinical approaches based on these findings remain elusive. 1D11 is a neutralizing antibody to all three isoforms of TGF-β. In both adriamycin (ADR)-induced nephropathy and NEP25 podocyte ablation nephropathy, thrice-weekly intraperitoneal administration of 1D11 from the day of disease induction until the mice were sacrificed (day 14 for ADR and day 28 for NEP25), significantly reduced glomerular COL1A2 mRNA accumulation and histological changes. Consistent with our previous findings, proteinuria remained overt in the mice treated with 1D11, suggesting distinct mechanisms for proteinuria and fibrogenesis. Podocyte numbers determined by WT1 staining were significantly reduced in NEP25-model glomeruli as expected, while WT1-positive cells were preserved in mice receiving 1D11. Even when 1D11 was administered after the onset of proteinuria on day 3, 1D11 preserved WT1-positive cell numbers in glomeruli and significantly reduced glomerular scar score (2.5 ± 0.2 [control IgG] vs. 1.8 ± 0.2 [1D11], P < 0.05) and glomerular COL1A2 mRNA expression (19.3 ± 4.4 [control IgG] vs. 8.4 ± 2.4 [1D11] fold increase over the healthy control, P < 0.05). Transmission electron microscopy revealed loss of podocytes and denuded glomerular basement membrane in NEP25 mice with disease, whereas podocytes remained attached to the basement membrane, though effaced and swollen, in those receiving 1D11 from day 3. Together, these data suggest that TGF-β neutralization by 1D11 prevents glomerular fibrosis even when started after the onset of proteinuria. While overt proteinuria and podocyte effacement persist, 1D11 prevents total podocytes detachment, which might be a key event activating fibrogenic events in glomeruli.
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Liu Y, Zhou YD, Xiao YL, Li MH, Wang Y, Kan X, Li QY, Lu JG, Jin DJ. Cyr61/CCN1 overexpression induces epithelial-mesenchymal transition leading to laryngeal tumor invasion and metastasis and poor prognosis. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2016; 16:2659-64. [PMID: 25854342 DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2015.16.7.2659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To examine the expression of cysteine-rich 61 (Cyr61/CCN1) protein in laryngeal squamous- cell carcinoma (LSCC) tissues, and its relationship with the tumor epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), invasion, metastasis, and prognosis. MATERIALS AND METHODS Immunohistochemistry was used to detect the expressions of Cyr61, Vimentin (Vim), and E-cadherin (E-cad) in 88 cases of LSCC tissues and 30 cases of tumor-adjacent normal tissues. Vim and E-cad were used as mesenchymal and epithelial markers, respectively, to determine the relationship between Cyr61 expression and the EMT of LSCC cells. In addition, clinical and histopathological data were combined to analyze the relationship between the positive-expression rates of Cyr61, Vim and E-cad and LSCC invasion, metastasis and prognosis. RESULTS In LSCC tissues, Vim expression rate was significantly higher than that of the tumor-adjacent tissues, whereas E-cad expression rate was significantly lower than that of the tumor-adjacent tissues. The Vim expression rate was significantly higher in stages T3 and T4 than in stages T1 and T2 LSCC tissues, whereas E-cad expression rate was significantly lower in stages T3 and T4 than in stages T1 and T2 LSCC tissues. Compared to the group without lymph node metastasis, the Vim expression rate was significantly higher and the E-cad expression rate was significantly lower in the group with lymph node metastasis. The expression rate of Cyr61 was significantly higher in LSCC tissues than in the tumor-adjacent normal tissues. In addition, the Cyr61 expression rate was higher in stages T3 and T4 than in stages T1 and T2 LSCC, and higher in the group with lymph node metastasis than in the group without lymph node metastasis. The Vim expression rate was significantly higher in the Cyr61 positive group than in the Cyr61 negative group, whereas the E-cad expression rate was significantly higher in the Cyr61 negative group than in the Cyr61 positive group. Survival analysis indicated that survival rates of Cyr61 positive, Vim positive and E-cad negative groups were significantly lower than that of Cyr61 negative, Vim negative and E-cad positive groups, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Cyr61 expression is closely associated with LSCC invasion and lymph node metastasis. Overexpression of Cyr61 may induce EMT and therefore leads to LSCC invasion and metastasis and poor prognosis. Cyr61 may become a new maker for clinical prediction of LSCC invasion and metastasis and a new target for LSCC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Liu
- Department of Otolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China E-mail :
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High expression of connective tissue growth factor accelerates dissemination of leukaemia. Oncogene 2016; 35:4591-600. [PMID: 26804166 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2015.525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2015] [Revised: 11/22/2015] [Accepted: 12/14/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
To improve treatment of acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL), a better understanding of disease development is needed to tailor new therapies. Connective tissue growth factor (CTGF/CCN2) is highly expressed in leukaemia cells from the majority of paediatric patients with B-lineage ALL (pre-B ALL). CTGF is a matricellular protein and plays a role in aggressive cancers. Here we have genetically engineered leukaemia cells to modulate CTGF expression levels. Elevated CTGF levels accelerated disease dissemination and reduced survival in NOD/SCID mice. In vitro studies showed that CTGF protein induces stromal cell proliferation, promotes adhesion of leukaemia cells to stromal cells and leads to overexpression of genes associated with cell cycle and synthesis of extracellular matrix (ECM). Corresponding data from our leukaemia xenograft models demonstrated that CTGF leads to increased proliferation of non-leukaemia cells and deposition of ECM in the bone marrow. We document for the first time a functional role of CTGF in altering disease progression in a lymphoid malignancy. The findings provide support for targeting the bone marrow microenvironment in aggressive forms of leukaemia.
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Li CW, Wang Q, Li J, Hu M, Shi SJ, Li ZW, Wu GL, Cui HH, Li YY, Zhang Q, Yu XH, Lu LC. Silver nanoparticles/chitosan oligosaccharide/poly(vinyl alcohol) nanofiber promotes wound healing by activating TGFβ1/Smad signaling pathway. Int J Nanomedicine 2016; 11:373-86. [PMID: 26855575 PMCID: PMC4725631 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s91975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Wound healing occupies a remarkable place in everyday pathology and remains a challenging clinical problem. In our previous study, we prepared a silver nanoparticle/chitosan oligosaccharide/poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA/COS-AgNPs) nanofiber via electrospinning and revealed that it could promote wound healing; however, the healing mechanism remained unknown. Therefore, we aimed to clarify the mechanism underlying the accelerated healing effect of the PVA/COS-AgNPs nanofiber. The TGFβ1/Smad signaling pathway is actively involved in wound healing. Considering the key role of this signaling pathway in wound healing, our preliminary study showed that the TGFβ1 level was significantly increased during the early stage of wound healing. Thus, in this study, hematoxylin-eosin, Masson's trichrome, immunofluorescent staining, hydroxyproline content, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, and Western blot analyses were used to analyze the wound healing in a rat model treated with gauze, the PVA/COS-AgNPs nanofiber, and the nanofiber plus SB431542 (an inhibitor of TGFβ1 receptor kinase). The results showed that the PVA/COS-AgNPs nanofiber promoted wound healing and upregulated the expression levels of cytokines associated with the TGFβ1/Smad signaling pathway such as TGFβ1, TGFβRI, TGFβRII, collagen I, collagen III, pSmad2, and pSmad3. Inhibiting this pathway with SB431542 resulted in prevention of the PVA/COS-AgNPs nanofiber-associated salutary effects on the early stage of wound healing and relative cytokines expression. In conclusion, the wound healing effect of the PVA/COS-AgNPs nanofiber involves activation of the TGFβ1/Smad signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen-wen Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Institute of Surgery Research, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qing Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Pharmacy, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, People’s Republic of China
| | - Min Hu
- Department of Pharmacy, Institute of Surgery Research, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
| | - San-jun Shi
- Department of Pharmacy, Institute of Surgery Research, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zi-wei Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Institute of Surgery Research, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Guo-lin Wu
- Department of Pharmacy, Institute of Surgery Research, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Huan-huan Cui
- Department of Pharmacy, Institute of Surgery Research, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuan-yuan Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Institute of Surgery Research, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Institute of Surgery Research, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiu-heng Yu
- College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lai-chun Lu
- Department of Pharmacy, Institute of Surgery Research, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
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Wang Q, Wang Y, Huang X, Liang W, Xiong Z, Xiong Z. Integrin β4 in EMT: an implication of renal diseases. Int J Clin Exp Med 2015; 8:6967-76. [PMID: 26221233 PMCID: PMC4509178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2015] [Accepted: 05/06/2015] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
Renal fibrosis is a main cause of chronic renal failure. Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) markers play a role in renal fibrosis. Transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) has been shown to initiate and complete the whole EMT process. It is now well accepted that loss of E-cadherin, EMT marker α-SMA, and connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) expression are key events in the EMT process. We found that by stimulating human renal proximal tubular epithelial (HK-2) cells with TGF-β1, the expression of E-cadherin was down regulated and the expression of α-SMA and CTGF were up regulated in a dose dependent manner. In our present study we also found that integrin β4 and peroxisome proliferators-activated receptor-γ (PPAR-γ) play roles in EMT process, with TGF-β1 stimulation increasing integrin β4 expression in HK2 cells. Integrin β4 and PPARγ were detected in tubulointerstitial tissues, immunohistochemistry analysis showed enhanced expression of integrin β4 in early stage, with over-expression at later stage. In contrast, the expression of PPARγ showed little increased in early stage, but was dramatically decreased at later stage. This is consistent with TGF-β1 inducing EMT. Our immune-precipitation studies show that integrin β4 disassociation with PPARγ is present in E-cadherin signaling. It suggests that PPARγ has a role in EMT inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital Shenzhen 518036, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital Shenzhen 518036, China
| | - Xiaoyan Huang
- Department of Nephrology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital Shenzhen 518036, China
| | - Wei Liang
- Department of Nephrology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital Shenzhen 518036, China
| | - Zibo Xiong
- Department of Nephrology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital Shenzhen 518036, China
| | - Zuying Xiong
- Department of Nephrology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital Shenzhen 518036, China
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Cichon MA, Nelson CM, Radisky DC. Regulation of epithelial-mesenchymal transition in breast cancer cells by cell contact and adhesion. Cancer Inform 2015; 14:1-13. [PMID: 25698877 PMCID: PMC4325704 DOI: 10.4137/cin.s18965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2014] [Revised: 12/29/2014] [Accepted: 01/04/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a physiological program that is activated during cancer cell invasion and metastasis. We show here that EMT-related processes are linked to a broad and conserved program of transcriptional alterations that are influenced by cell contact and adhesion. Using cultured human breast cancer and mouse mammary epithelial cells, we find that reduced cell density, conditions under which cell contact is reduced, leads to reduced expression of genes associated with mammary epithelial cell differentiation and increased expression of genes associated with breast cancer. We further find that treatment of cells with matrix metalloproteinase-3 (MMP-3), an inducer of EMT, interrupts a defined subset of cell contact-regulated genes, including genes encoding a variety of RNA splicing proteins known to regulate the expression of Rac1b, an activated splice isoform of Rac1 known to be a key mediator of MMP-3-induced EMT in breast, lung, and pancreas. These results provide new insights into how MMPs act in cancer progression and how loss of cell-cell interactions is a key step in the earliest stages of cancer development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena A Cichon
- Department of Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic Cancer Center, Jacksonville, FL USA
| | - Celeste M Nelson
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Derek C Radisky
- Department of Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic Cancer Center, Jacksonville, FL USA
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