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Chuang YM, Tzeng SF, Ho PC, Tsai CH. Immunosurveillance encounters cancer metabolism. EMBO Rep 2024; 25:471-488. [PMID: 38216787 PMCID: PMC10897436 DOI: 10.1038/s44319-023-00038-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 12/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Tumor cells reprogram nutrient acquisition and metabolic pathways to meet their energetic, biosynthetic, and redox demands. Similarly, metabolic processes in immune cells support host immunity against cancer and determine differentiation and fate of leukocytes. Thus, metabolic deregulation and imbalance in immune cells within the tumor microenvironment have been reported to drive immune evasion and to compromise therapeutic outcomes. Interestingly, emerging evidence indicates that anti-tumor immunity could modulate tumor heterogeneity, aggressiveness, and metabolic reprogramming, suggesting that immunosurveillance can instruct cancer progression in multiple dimensions. This review summarizes our current understanding of how metabolic crosstalk within tumors affects immunogenicity of tumor cells and promotes cancer progression. Furthermore, we explain how defects in the metabolic cascade can contribute to developing dysfunctional immune responses against cancers and discuss the contribution of immunosurveillance to these defects as a feedback mechanism. Finally, we highlight ongoing clinical trials and new therapeutic strategies targeting cellular metabolism in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Ming Chuang
- Department of Fundamental Oncology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Sheue-Fen Tzeng
- Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ping-Chih Ho
- Department of Fundamental Oncology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Chin-Hsien Tsai
- Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan.
- Department and Graduate Institute of Biochemistry, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan.
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2
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Zhou Y, Yuan J, Xu K, Li S, Liu Y. Nanotechnology Reprogramming Metabolism for Enhanced Tumor Immunotherapy. ACS NANO 2024; 18:1846-1864. [PMID: 38180952 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c11260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2024]
Abstract
Mutation burden, hypoxia, and immunoediting contribute to altered metabolic profiles in tumor cells, resulting in a tumor microenvironment (TME) characterized by accumulation of toxic metabolites and depletion of various nutrients, which significantly hinder the antitumor immunity via multiple mechanisms, hindering the efficacy of tumor immunotherapies. In-depth investigation of the mechanisms underlying these phenomena are vital for developing effective antitumor drugs and therapies, while the therapeutic effects of metabolism-targeting drugs are restricted by off-target toxicity toward effector immune cells and high dosage-mediated side effects. Nanotechnologies, which exhibit versatility and plasticity in targeted delivery and metabolism modulation, have been widely applied to boost tumor immunometabolic therapies via multiple strategies, including targeting of metabolic pathways. In this review, recent advances in understanding the roles of tumor cell metabolism in both immunoevasion and immunosuppression are reviewed, and nanotechnology-based metabolic reprogramming strategies for enhanced tumor immunotherapies are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangkai Zhou
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety & CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jing Yuan
- First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Ke Xu
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety & CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Shilin Li
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety & CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Ying Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety & CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, Beijing 100190, China
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3
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Zhao Z, Ding Y, Tran LJ, Chai G, Lin L. Innovative breakthroughs facilitated by single-cell multi-omics: manipulating natural killer cell functionality correlates with a novel subcategory of melanoma cells. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1196892. [PMID: 37435067 PMCID: PMC10332463 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1196892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Melanoma is typically regarded as the most dangerous form of skin cancer. Although surgical removal of in situ lesions can be used to effectively treat metastatic disease, this condition is still difficult to cure. Melanoma cells are removed in great part due to the action of natural killer (NK) and T cells on the immune system. Still, not much is known about how the activity of NK cell-related pathways changes in melanoma tissue. Thus, we performed a single-cell multi-omics analysis on human melanoma cells in this study to explore the modulation of NK cell activity. Materials and methods Cells in which mitochondrial genes comprised > 20% of the total number of expressed genes were removed. Gene ontology (GO), gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA), gene set variation analysis (GSVA), and AUCcell analysis of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in melanoma subtypes were performed. The CellChat package was used to predict cell-cell contact between NK cell and melanoma cell subtypes. Monocle program analyzed the pseudotime trajectories of melanoma cells. In addition, CytoTRACE was used to determine the recommended time order of melanoma cells. InferCNV was utilized to calculate the CNV level of melanoma cell subtypes. Python package pySCENIC was used to assess the enrichment of transcription factors and the activity of regulons in melanoma cell subtypes. Furthermore, the cell function experiment was used to confirm the function of TBX21 in both A375 and WM-115 melanoma cell lines. Results Following batch effect correction, 26,161 cells were separated into 28 clusters and designated as melanoma cells, neural cells, fibroblasts, endothelial cells, NK cells, CD4+ T cells, CD8+ T cells, B cells, plasma cells, monocytes and macrophages, and dendritic cells. A total of 10137 melanoma cells were further grouped into seven subtypes, i.e., C0 Melanoma BIRC7, C1 Melanoma CDH19, C2 Melanoma EDNRB, C3 Melanoma BIRC5, C4 Melanoma CORO1A, C5 Melanoma MAGEA4, and C6 Melanoma GJB2. The results of AUCell, GSEA, and GSVA suggested that C4 Melanoma CORO1A may be more sensitive to NK and T cells through positive regulation of NK and T cell-mediated immunity, while other subtypes of melanoma may be more resistant to NK cells. This suggests that the intratumor heterogeneity (ITH) of melanoma-induced activity and the difference in NK cell-mediated cytotoxicity may have caused NK cell defects. Transcription factor enrichment analysis indicated that TBX21 was the most important TF in C4 Melanoma CORO1A and was also associated with M1 modules. In vitro experiments further showed that TBX21 knockdown dramatically decreases melanoma cells' proliferation, invasion, and migration. Conclusion The differences in NK and T cell-mediated immunity and cytotoxicity between C4 Melanoma CORO1A and other melanoma cell subtypes may offer a new perspective on the ITH of melanoma-induced metastatic activity. In addition, the protective factors of skin melanoma, STAT1, IRF1, and FLI1, may modulate melanoma cell responses to NK or T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhijie Zhao
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yantao Ding
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Institute of Dermatology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
- China Key Laboratory of Dermatology, Ministry of Education, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Lisa Jia Tran
- Department of General, Visceral, and Transplant Surgery, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Gang Chai
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Li Lin
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Liu H, Peng J, Huang L, Ruan D, Li Y, Yuan F, Tu Z, Huang K, Zhu X. The role of lysosomal peptidases in glioma immune escape: underlying mechanisms and therapeutic strategies. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1154146. [PMID: 37398678 PMCID: PMC10311646 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1154146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma is the most common primary malignant tumor of the central nervous system, which has the characteristics of strong invasion, frequent recurrence, and rapid progression. These characteristics are inseparable from the evasion of glioma cells from immune killing, which makes immune escape a great obstacle to the treatment of glioma, and studies have confirmed that glioma patients with immune escape tend to have poor prognosis. The lysosomal peptidase lysosome family plays an important role in the immune escape process of glioma, which mainly includes aspartic acid cathepsin, serine cathepsin, asparagine endopeptidases, and cysteine cathepsins. Among them, the cysteine cathepsin family plays a prominent role in the immune escape of glioma. Numerous studies have confirmed that glioma immune escape mediated by lysosomal peptidases has something to do with autophagy, cell signaling pathways, immune cells, cytokines, and other mechanisms, especially lysosome organization. The relationship between protease and autophagy is more complicated, and the current research is neither complete nor in-depth. Therefore, this article reviews how lysosomal peptidases mediate the immune escape of glioma through the above mechanisms and explores the possibility of lysosomal peptidases as a target of glioma immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affifiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
- The Second Clinical Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Jie Peng
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affifiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
- The Second Clinical Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Linzhen Huang
- The Second Clinical Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Dong Ruan
- The Second Clinical Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Yuguang Li
- The Second Clinical Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Fan Yuan
- The Second Clinical Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Zewei Tu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affifiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Neurological Tumors and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Nanchang, China
- Institute of Neuroscience, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
- Jiangxi Health Commission (JXHC) Key Laboratory of Neurological Medicine, Nanchang, China
| | - Kai Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affifiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Neurological Tumors and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Nanchang, China
- Institute of Neuroscience, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
- Jiangxi Health Commission (JXHC) Key Laboratory of Neurological Medicine, Nanchang, China
| | - Xingen Zhu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affifiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Neurological Tumors and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Nanchang, China
- Institute of Neuroscience, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
- Jiangxi Health Commission (JXHC) Key Laboratory of Neurological Medicine, Nanchang, China
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Zhang C, Zhang C, Wang H. Immune-checkpoint inhibitor resistance in cancer treatment: Current progress and future directions. Cancer Lett 2023; 562:216182. [PMID: 37076040 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2023.216182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Revised: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 04/21/2023]
Abstract
Cancer treatment has been advanced with the advent of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) exemplified by anti-cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 (CTLA-4), anti-programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) and programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) drugs. Patients have reaped substantial benefit from ICIs in many cancer types. However, few patients benefit from ICIs whereas the vast majority undergoing these treatments do not obtain survival benefit. Even for patients with initial responses, they may encounter drug resistance in their subsequent treatments, which limits the efficacy of ICIs. Therefore, a deepening understanding of drug resistance is critically important for the explorations of approaches to reverse drug resistance and to boost ICI efficacy. In the present review, different mechanisms of ICI resistance have been summarized according to the tumor intrinsic, tumor microenvironment (TME) and host classifications. We further elaborated corresponding strategies to battle against such resistance accordingly, which include targeting defects in antigen presentation, dysregulated interferon-γ (IFN-γ) signaling, neoantigen depletion, upregulation of other T cell checkpoints as well as immunosuppression and exclusion mediated by TME. Moreover, regarding the host, several additional approaches that interfere with diet and gut microbiome have also been described in reversing ICI resistance. Additionally, we provide an overall glimpse into the ongoing clinical trials that utilize these mechanisms to overcome ICI resistance. Finally, we summarize the challenges and opportunities that needs to be addressed in the investigation of ICI resistance mechanisms, with the aim to benefit more patients with cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenyue Zhang
- Department of Integrated Therapy, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai Medical College, Shanghai, China
| | - Chenxing Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Haiyong Wang
- Department of Internal Medicine-Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China.
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Marco-Brualla J, de Miguel D, Martínez-Lostao L, Anel A. DR5 Up-Regulation Induced by Dichloroacetate Sensitizes Tumor Cells to Lipid Nanoparticles Decorated with TRAIL. J Clin Med 2023; 12:jcm12020608. [PMID: 36675536 PMCID: PMC9864242 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12020608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer resistance to treatments is a challenge that researchers constantly seek to overcome. For instance, TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) is a potential good prospect as an anti-cancer therapy, as it attacks tumor cells but not normal cells. However, treatments based in soluble TRAIL provided incomplete clinical results and diverse formulations have been developed to improve its bioactivity. In previous works, we generated a new TRAIL formulation based in its attachment to the surface of unilamellar nanoliposomes (LUV-TRAIL). This formulation greatly increased apoptosis in a wide selection of tumor cell types, albeit a few of them remained resistant. On the other hand, it has been described that a metabolic shift in cancer cells can also alter its sensitivity to other treatments. In this work, we sought to increase the sensitivity of several tumor cell types resistant to LUV-TRAIL by previous exposure to the metabolic drug dichloroacetate (DCA), which forces oxidative phosphorylation. Results showed that DCA + LUV-TRAIL had a synergistic effect on both lung adenocarcinoma A549, colorectal HT29, and breast cancer MCF7 cells. Despite DCA inducing intracellular changes in a cell-type specific way, the increase in cell death by apoptosis was clearly correlated with an increase in death receptor 5 (DR5) surface expression in all cell lines. Therefore, DCA-induced metabolic shift emerges as a suitable option to overcome TRAIL resistance in cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joaquín Marco-Brualla
- Apoptosis, Immunity and Cancer Group, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular and Cell Biology, Aragon Health Research Institute (IIS-Aragón) & University of Zaragoza, 50009 Zargoza, Spain
| | - Diego de Miguel
- Apoptosis, Immunity and Cancer Group, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular and Cell Biology, Aragon Health Research Institute (IIS-Aragón) & University of Zaragoza, 50009 Zargoza, Spain
| | | | - Alberto Anel
- Apoptosis, Immunity and Cancer Group, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular and Cell Biology, Aragon Health Research Institute (IIS-Aragón) & University of Zaragoza, 50009 Zargoza, Spain
- Correspondence:
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PT-112 Induces Mitochondrial Stress and Immunogenic Cell Death, Targeting Tumor Cells with Mitochondrial Deficiencies. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14163851. [PMID: 36010843 PMCID: PMC9405950 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14163851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Revised: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary PT-112 is a novel pyrophosphate–platinum conjugate under Phase 1/2 clinical development for the treatment of several tumor types. In this study, using mouse tumor cells with well-characterized mitochondrial and metabolic status, we investigated the mechanisms underlying PT-112’s cancer cell death effects. Our results showed that cells with defective mitochondria were more sensitive to PT-112 when compared to cells with normal mitochondrial function. Moreover, PT-112 induced tumor cell death in those sensitive cells through non-conventional mechanisms, including increased mitochondrial stress, free radical generation and immunogenic cell death, a form of cell death that elicits an immune response. Taken together, the present findings suggest the potential for predictors of PT-112 sensitivity in the clinical setting on the basis of metabolic function. Abstract PT-112 is a novel pyrophosphate–platinum conjugate, with clinical activity reported in advanced pretreated solid tumors. While PT-112 has been shown to induce robust immunogenic cell death (ICD) in vivo but only minimally bind DNA, the molecular mechanism underlying PT-112 target disruption in cancer cells is still under elucidation. The murine L929 in vitro system was used to test whether differential metabolic status alters PT-112’s effects, including cell cytotoxicity. The results showed that tumor cells presenting mutations in mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) (L929dt and L929dt cybrid cells) and reliant on glycolysis for survival were more sensitive to cell death induced by PT-112 compared to the parental and cybrid cells with an intact oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) pathway (L929 and dtL929 cybrid cells). The type of cell death induced by PT-112 did not follow the classical apoptotic pathway: the general caspase inhibitor Z-VAD-fmk did not inhibit PT-112-induced cell death, alone or in combination with the necroptosis inhibitor necrostatin-1. Interestingly, PT-112 initiated autophagy in all cell lines, though this process was not complete. Autophagy is known to be associated with an integrated stress response in cancer cells and with subsequent ICD. PT-112 also induced a massive accumulation of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species, as well as changes in mitochondrial polarization—only in the sensitive cells harboring mitochondrial dysfunction—along with calreticulin cell-surface exposure consistent with ICD. PT-112 substantially reduced the amount of mitochondrial CoQ10 in L929 cells, while the basal CoQ10 levels were below our detection limits in L929dt cells, suggesting a potential relationship between a low basal level of CoQ10 and PT-112 sensitivity. Finally, the expression of HIF-1α was much higher in cells sensitive to PT-112 compared to cells with an intact OXPHOS pathway, suggesting potential clinical applications.
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Bladder cancer cells shift rapidly and spontaneously to cisplatin-resistant oxidative phosphorylation that is trackable in real time. Sci Rep 2022; 12:5518. [PMID: 35365706 PMCID: PMC8976067 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-09438-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetic mutations have long been recognized as drivers of cancer drug resistance, but recent work has defined additional non-genetic mechanisms of plasticity, wherein cancer cells assume a drug resistant phenotype marked by altered epigenetic and transcriptional states. Currently, little is known about the real-time, dynamic nature of this phenotypic shift. Using a bladder cancer model of nongenetic plasticity, we discovered that rapid transition to drug resistance entails upregulation of mitochondrial gene expression and a corresponding metabolic shift towards the tricarboxylic acid cycle and oxidative phosphorylation. Based on this distinction, we were able to track cancer cell metabolic profiles in real time using fluorescence lifetime microscopy (FLIM). We observed single cells transitioning spontaneously to an oxidative phosphorylation state over hours to days, a trend that intensified with exposure to cisplatin chemotherapy. Conversely, pharmacological inhibition of oxidative phosphorylation significantly reversed the FLIM metabolic signature and reduced cisplatin resistance. These rapid, spontaneous metabolic shifts offer a new means of tracking nongenetic cancer plasticity and forestalling the emergence of drug resistance.
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The metabolism of cells regulates their sensitivity to NK cells depending on p53 status. Sci Rep 2022; 12:3234. [PMID: 35217717 PMCID: PMC8881467 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-07281-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Leukemic cells proliferate faster than non-transformed counterparts. This requires them to change their metabolism to adapt to their high growth. This change can stress cells and facilitate recognition by immune cells such as cytotoxic lymphocytes, which express the activating receptor Natural Killer G2-D (NKG2D). The tumor suppressor gene p53 regulates cell metabolism, but its role in the expression of metabolism-induced ligands, and subsequent recognition by cytotoxic lymphocytes, is unknown. We show here that dichloroacetate (DCA), which induces oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) in tumor cells, induces the expression of such ligands, e.g. MICA/B, ULBP1 and ICAM-I, by a wtp53-dependent mechanism. Mutant or null p53 have the opposite effect. Conversely, DCA sensitizes only wtp53-expressing cells to cytotoxic lymphocytes, i.e. cytotoxic T lymphocytes and NK cells. In xenograft in vivo models, DCA slows down the growth of tumors with low proliferation. Treatment with DCA, monoclonal antibodies and NK cells also decreased tumors with high proliferation. Treatment of patients with DCA, or a biosimilar drug, could be a clinical option to increase the effectiveness of CAR T cell or allogeneic NK cell therapies.
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Allende-Vega N, Marco Brualla J, Falvo P, Alexia C, Constantinides M, Fayd'herbe de Maudave A, Coenon L, Gitenay D, Mitola G, Massa P, Orecchioni S, Bertolini F, Marzo I, Anel A, Villalba M. Metformin sensitizes leukemic cells to cytotoxic lymphocytes by increasing expression of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1). Sci Rep 2022; 12:1341. [PMID: 35079096 PMCID: PMC8789909 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-05470-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Solid tumor cells have an altered metabolism that can protect them from cytotoxic lymphocytes. The anti-diabetic drug metformin modifies tumor cell metabolism and several clinical trials are testing its effectiveness for the treatment of solid cancers. The use of metformin in hematologic cancers has received much less attention, although allogeneic cytotoxic lymphocytes are very effective against these tumors. We show here that metformin induces expression of Natural Killer G2-D (NKG2D) ligands (NKG2DL) and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), a ligand of the lymphocyte function-associated antigen 1 (LFA-1). This leads to enhance sensitivity to cytotoxic lymphocytes. Overexpression of anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 family members decrease both metformin effects. The sensitization to activated cytotoxic lymphocytes is mainly mediated by the increase on ICAM-1 levels, which favors cytotoxic lymphocytes binding to tumor cells. Finally, metformin decreases the growth of human hematological tumor cells in xenograft models, mainly in presence of monoclonal antibodies that recognize tumor antigens. Our results suggest that metformin could improve cytotoxic lymphocyte-mediated therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Joaquin Marco Brualla
- Apoptosis, Immunity and Cancer Group, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular and Cell Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Zaragoza and Aragón Health Research Institute (IIS Aragón), Campus San Francisco Sq., 50009, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Paolo Falvo
- Laboratory of Hematology-Oncology, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Lois Coenon
- IRMB, Univ Montpellier, INSERM, Montpellier, France
| | | | - Giulia Mitola
- Laboratory of Hematology-Oncology, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Paul Massa
- Laboratory of Hematology-Oncology, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Stefania Orecchioni
- Laboratory of Hematology-Oncology, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesco Bertolini
- Laboratory of Hematology-Oncology, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Isabel Marzo
- Apoptosis, Immunity and Cancer Group, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular and Cell Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Zaragoza and Aragón Health Research Institute (IIS Aragón), Campus San Francisco Sq., 50009, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Alberto Anel
- Apoptosis, Immunity and Cancer Group, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular and Cell Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Zaragoza and Aragón Health Research Institute (IIS Aragón), Campus San Francisco Sq., 50009, Zaragoza, Spain.
| | - Martin Villalba
- IRMB, Univ Montpellier, INSERM, Montpellier, France.
- CNRS, IRMB, INSERM, Univ Montpellier, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, France.
- Institut Sainte Catherine, Avignon, France.
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11
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Sheykhhasan M, Manoochehri H, Dama P. Use of CAR T-cell for acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) treatment: a review study. Cancer Gene Ther 2022; 29:1080-1096. [PMID: 34987176 PMCID: PMC9395272 DOI: 10.1038/s41417-021-00418-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is a cancer-specific lymphoid cell. Induction and consolidation chemotherapy alone or in combination with different therapeutic approaches remain the main treatment. Although complete or partial remission of the disease can be achieved, the risk of relapse or refractory leukemia is still high. More effective and safe therapy options are yet unmet needs. In recent years' new therapeutic approaches have been widely used. Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation (HSCT) presents significant limitations and the outcome of the consolidation treatment is patient dependent. Side effects such as Graft versus Host Disease (GvHD) in allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation are extremely common, therefore, using alternative methods to address these challenges for treatment seems crucial. In the last decade, T cells genetically engineered with Chimeric Antigen Receptor (CAR) treatment for the ALL are largely studied and represent the new era of strategy. According to the Phase I/II clinical trials, this technology results seem very promising and can be used in the next future as an effective and safe treatment for ALL treatment. In this review different generations, challenges, and clinical studies related to chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cells for ALL treatment are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen Sheykhhasan
- grid.411950.80000 0004 0611 9280Research Center for Molecular Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran ,Department of Mesenchymal Stem Cells, Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research, Qom, Iran
| | - Hamed Manoochehri
- grid.411950.80000 0004 0611 9280Research Center for Molecular Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Paola Dama
- Research Fellow School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Brighton, UK.
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12
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Singh S, Khasbage S, Kaur RJ, Sidhu JK, Bhandari B. Chimeric antigen receptor T cell: A cancer immunotherapy. Indian J Pharmacol 2022; 54:226-233. [PMID: 35848695 PMCID: PMC9396692 DOI: 10.4103/ijp.ijp_531_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
During present decade, targeted drug therapy has been the epitome for treatment of cancer. Drugs like Imatinib, a tyrosine kinase receptor inhibitor and Trastuzumab, an human epidermal growth factor receptor-2/neu inhibitor, has been developed and accepted widely for management of chronic myeloid leukaemia and breast cancer respectively. Recent development among the various immunotherapies is adoptive cell transfer (ACT). Research on development of various types of ACT immunotherapy is going on, but so far, Chimeric antigen receptors T cell therapy (CAR-T) has achieved the maximum advancement in terms of clinical development. CARs are the modified receptors that integrates specificity and responsiveness onto immune cells to enhance the recognition of cancer cells. For the CAR-T, the T cells are sequestered from a blood of a participant via apheresis. DNA of particular antigen is injected into harvested T cells to generate CARs on cell surface. Following surface manifestation of receptors, multiplication is carried out in enriched media followed by infusion into patient. After infusion, CAR-T cells targeted and exterminate the cancer cells. Initially, only two drugs targeting CD19 as genetically modified autologous immunotherapy has been approved in CAR-T therapy i.e., Tisagenlecleucel and Axicabtagene Ciloleucel, which are discussed in detail in current review. Recently two more drugs got approval i.e., brexucabtagene ciloleucel and lisocabtagene maraleucel, both are directed against CD19, similar to tisagenlecleucel. CAR-T cell therapy is approved for management of Acute Lymphoblastic Leukaemia, Chronic Lymphocytic Leukaemia and lymphoma. CAR-T cell persistence responsible for effectiveness and safety concerns are barriers for their wide application among patients. Growth factor receptors and cluster of differentiation are new drugs targets that are being explored as effective immunotherapy against cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Surjit Singh
- Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India,Address for correspondence: Dr. Surjit Singh, Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India. E-mail:
| | - Sameer Khasbage
- Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Rimple Jeet Kaur
- Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Jaspreet Kaur Sidhu
- Department of Pharmacology, Government Institute of Medical Sciences, Greater Noida, India
| | - Bharti Bhandari
- Department of Physiology, Government Institute of Medical Sciences, Greater Noida, India
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13
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Yang D, Ma J, Ma XX. CDKN2B-AS1 Promotes Malignancy as a Novel Prognosis-Related Molecular Marker in the Endometrial Cancer Immune Microenvironment. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:721676. [PMID: 34712660 PMCID: PMC8546264 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.721676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The prognosis of patients with endometrial cancer (EC) is closely associated with immune cell infiltration. Although abnormal long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) expression is also linked to poor prognosis in patients with EC, the function and action mechanism of immune infiltration-related lncRNAs underlying the occurrence and development of EC remains unclear. In this study, we analyzed lncRNA expression using The Cancer Genome Atlas and clinical data and identified six lncRNAs as prognostic markers for EC, all of which are associated with the infiltration of immune cell subtypes, as illustrated by ImmLnc database and ssGSEA analysis. Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction showed that CDKN2B-AS1 was significantly overexpressed in EC, whereas its knockdown inhibited the proliferation and invasion of EC cells and the in vivo growth of transplanted tumors in nude mice. Finally, we constructed a competing endogenous RNA regulatory network and conducted Gene Ontology enrichment analysis to elucidate the potential molecular mechanism underlying CDKN2B-AS1 function. Overall, we identified molecular targets associated with immune infiltration and prognosis and provide new insights into the development of molecular therapies and treatment strategies against EC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Yang
- Department of Gynecology, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shenyang, China
| | - Jian Ma
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xiao-Xin Ma
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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14
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De Lerma Barbaro A, Palano MT, Cucchiara M, Gallazzi M, Mortara L, Bruno A. Metabolic Rewiring in the Tumor Microenvironment to Support Immunotherapy: A Focus on Neutrophils, Polymorphonuclear Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells and Natural Killer Cells. Vaccines (Basel) 2021; 9:vaccines9101178. [PMID: 34696286 PMCID: PMC8539473 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9101178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Revised: 10/09/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Leukocytes often undergo rapid changes in cell phenotype, for example, from a resting to an activated state, which places significant metabolic demands on the cell. These rapid changes in metabolic demand need to be tightly regulated to support immune cell effector functions during the initiation and downregulation of an immune response. Prospects for implementing cancer immunotherapy also rest on the idea of optimizing the metabolic profile of immune cell effectors. Here, we examine this issue by focusing on neutrophils and NK cells as cells of increasing interest in cancer immunology and tumor immunometabolism, because they can be targeted or, in the case of NK, used as effectors in immunotherapy. In addition, neutrophils and NK cells have been shown to functionally interact. In the case of neutrophils, we also extended our interest to polymorphonuclear MDSC (PMN-MDSCs), since the granulocytic subset of MDSCs share many phenotypes and are functionally similar to pro-tumor neutrophils. Finally, we reviewed relevant strategies to target tumor metabolism, focusing on neutrophils and NK cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea De Lerma Barbaro
- Laboratory of Comparative Physiopathology, Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, 21100 Varese, Italy
- Correspondence: (A.D.L.B.); (A.B.)
| | - Maria Teresa Palano
- Laboratory of Innate Immunity, Unit of Molecular Pathology, Biochemistry and Immunology, IRCCS MultiMedica, 20100 Milan, Italy; (M.T.P.); (M.C.)
| | - Martina Cucchiara
- Laboratory of Innate Immunity, Unit of Molecular Pathology, Biochemistry and Immunology, IRCCS MultiMedica, 20100 Milan, Italy; (M.T.P.); (M.C.)
| | - Matteo Gallazzi
- Laboratory of Immunology and General Pathology, Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, 21100 Varese, Italy; (M.G.); (L.M.)
| | - Lorenzo Mortara
- Laboratory of Immunology and General Pathology, Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, 21100 Varese, Italy; (M.G.); (L.M.)
| | - Antonino Bruno
- Laboratory of Innate Immunity, Unit of Molecular Pathology, Biochemistry and Immunology, IRCCS MultiMedica, 20100 Milan, Italy; (M.T.P.); (M.C.)
- Correspondence: (A.D.L.B.); (A.B.)
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15
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Cruz-Bermúdez A, Laza-Briviesca R, Casarrubios M, Sierra-Rodero B, Provencio M. The Role of Metabolism in Tumor Immune Evasion: Novel Approaches to Improve Immunotherapy. Biomedicines 2021; 9:361. [PMID: 33807260 PMCID: PMC8067102 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9040361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Revised: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment exhibits altered metabolic properties as a consequence of the needs of tumor cells, the natural selection of the most adapted clones, and the selfish relationship with other cell types. Beyond its role in supporting uncontrolled tumor growth, through energy and building materials obtention, metabolism is a key element controlling tumor immune evasion. Immunotherapy has revolutionized the treatment of cancer, being the first line of treatment for multiple types of malignancies. However, many patients either do not benefit from immunotherapy or eventually relapse. In this review we overview the immunoediting process with a focus on the metabolism-related elements that are responsible for increased immune evasion, either through reduced immunogenicity or increased resistance of tumor cells to the apoptotic action of immune cells. Finally, we describe the main molecules to modulate these immune evasion processes through the control of the metabolic microenvironment as well as their clinical developmental status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Cruz-Bermúdez
- Medical Oncology Department, Health Research Institute Puerta de Hierro–Segovia de Arana (IDIPHISA) & Puerta de Hierro Hospital, Manuel de Falla Street #1, 28222 Madrid, Spain; (R.L.-B.); (M.C.); (B.S.-R.)
| | - Raquel Laza-Briviesca
- Medical Oncology Department, Health Research Institute Puerta de Hierro–Segovia de Arana (IDIPHISA) & Puerta de Hierro Hospital, Manuel de Falla Street #1, 28222 Madrid, Spain; (R.L.-B.); (M.C.); (B.S.-R.)
- PhD Programme in Molecular Biosciences, Faculty of Medicine Doctoral School, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28222 Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Casarrubios
- Medical Oncology Department, Health Research Institute Puerta de Hierro–Segovia de Arana (IDIPHISA) & Puerta de Hierro Hospital, Manuel de Falla Street #1, 28222 Madrid, Spain; (R.L.-B.); (M.C.); (B.S.-R.)
- PhD Programme in Molecular Biosciences, Faculty of Medicine Doctoral School, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28222 Madrid, Spain
| | - Belén Sierra-Rodero
- Medical Oncology Department, Health Research Institute Puerta de Hierro–Segovia de Arana (IDIPHISA) & Puerta de Hierro Hospital, Manuel de Falla Street #1, 28222 Madrid, Spain; (R.L.-B.); (M.C.); (B.S.-R.)
- PhD Programme in Molecular Biosciences, Faculty of Medicine Doctoral School, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28222 Madrid, Spain
| | - Mariano Provencio
- Medical Oncology Department, Health Research Institute Puerta de Hierro–Segovia de Arana (IDIPHISA) & Puerta de Hierro Hospital, Manuel de Falla Street #1, 28222 Madrid, Spain; (R.L.-B.); (M.C.); (B.S.-R.)
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16
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Jia L, Gao Y, Zhou T, Zhao XL, Hu HY, Chen DW, Qiao MX. Enhanced response to PD-L1 silencing by modulation of TME via balancing glucose metabolism and robust co-delivery of siRNA/Resveratrol with dual-responsive polyplexes. Biomaterials 2021; 271:120711. [PMID: 33592352 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2021.120711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Since cellular metabolism reprogramming is one of the crucial hallmarks of tumor, glucose metabolic pathways are emerging as an important target for modulating immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME) in favor of anti-PD-L1 therapy. Aiming at boosting immune response by modulation immunosuppressive TME via balancing the glycolysis and mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) of tumor cells, we developed a dual-responsive mPEG-PLA-PHis-ss-PEI polyplexes (DRP/Res/siP) for robust co-delivery of PD-L1 siRNA and resveratrol (Res). Isothermal titration calorimetry confirmed the non-electrostatic interactions between PD-L1 siRNA and PHis block of the copolymer, which contributed to the efficient and synchronized release of siRNA with Res in response to the acidic and reductive environment by destabilizing the siRNA polyplexes. The extracellular acidification rate (ECAR) and the oxygen consumption rate (OCR) as well as some key enzymes involved in glycolysis and mitochondrial OXPHOS pathways were determined to quantify the glucose metabolism balance. Effective downregulation of glycolysis and upregulation of mitochondrial OXPHOS were observed in the tumor cells treated with DRP/Res/siP, leading to remarkably reduced lactate production and glucose consumption. In vivo anti-tumor results showed that upregulation of mitochondrial OXPHOS pathways not only significantly promoted CD8+ and CD4+ T cells infiltration, IFN-γ secretion but also significantly suppressed the Treg cells and MDSCs at the same glycolysis level, resulting in superior anti-tumor effect in combination with PD-L1 silencing. Our findings indicate that balancing glucose metabolic pathways of glycolysis and mitochondrial OXPHOS provides a more reliable immune boosting strategy to PD-L1 silencing than exclusive glycolysis inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Jia
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, PR China; Department of Pharmacy, Heze Medical College, Heze, 274000, PR China
| | - Yan Gao
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, PR China
| | - Tong Zhou
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, PR China
| | - Xiu-Li Zhao
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, PR China
| | - Hai-Yang Hu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, PR China
| | - Da-Wei Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, PR China.
| | - Ming-Xi Qiao
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, PR China.
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17
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Expanded and activated allogeneic NK cells are cytotoxic against B-chronic lymphocytic leukemia (B-CLL) cells with sporadic cases of resistance. Sci Rep 2020; 10:19398. [PMID: 33173077 PMCID: PMC7655821 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-76051-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Adoptive transfer of allogeneic natural killer (NK) cells is becoming a credible immunotherapy for hematological malignancies. In the present work, using an optimized expansion/activation protocol of human NK cells, we generate expanded NK cells (eNK) with increased expression of CD56 and NKp44, while maintaining that of CD16. These eNK cells exerted significant cytotoxicity against cells from 34 B-CLL patients, with only 1 sample exhibiting resistance. This sporadic resistance did not correlate with match between KIR ligands expressed by the eNK cells and the leukemic cells, while cells with match resulted sensitive to eNK cells. This suggests that KIR mismatch is not relevant when expanded NK cells are used as effectors. In addition, we found two examples of de novo resistance to eNK cell cytotoxicity during the clinical course of the disease. Resistance correlated with KIR-ligand match in one of the patients, but not in the other, and was associated with a significant increase in PD-L1 expression in the cells from both patients. Treatment of one of these patients with idelalisib correlated with the loss of PD-L1 expression and with re-sensitization to eNK cytotoxicity. We confirmed the idelalisib-induced decrease in PD-L1 expression in the B-CLL cell line Mec1 and in cultured cells from B-CLL patients. As a main conclusion, our results reinforce the feasibility of using expanded and activated allogeneic NK cells in the treatment of B-CLL.
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18
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Biological Selenium Nano-particles Modify Immune Responses of Macrophages Exposed to Bladder Tumor Antigens. J CLUST SCI 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s10876-020-01920-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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19
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Wu F, Cheng Y, Wu L, Zhang W, Zheng W, Wang Q, Cao H, Pan X, Tang W. Emerging Landscapes of Tumor Immunity and Metabolism. Front Oncol 2020; 10:575037. [PMID: 33117713 PMCID: PMC7575711 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.575037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The metabolic reprogramming of cancer tissue has higher metabolic activity than surrounding tissues. At the same time, the local infiltration of immunosuppressive cells is also significantly increased, resulting in a significant decrease in tumor immunity. During the progression of cancer cells, immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment is formed around the tumor due to their metabolic reprogramming. In addition, it is the changes in metabolic patterns that make tumor cells resistant to certain drugs, impeding cancer treatment. This article reviews the mechanisms of immune escape caused by metabolic reprogramming, and aims to provide new ideas for clinical tumor immunotherapy combined with metabolic intervention for tumor treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Wu
- Department of General Surgery, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ye Cheng
- Department of General Surgery, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Liangliang Wu
- Department of General Surgery, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wenling Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wubing Zheng
- Department of General Surgery, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qian Wang
- Research Unit Analytical Pathology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Hongyong Cao
- Department of General Surgery, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiongxiong Pan
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Weiwei Tang
- Department of General Surgery, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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20
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Austin M, Kluger H. Targeting Innate Immunity to Treat Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12102723. [PMID: 32977403 PMCID: PMC7597964 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12102723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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21
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Wan Z, Dong Y, Wei M, Gao X, Yang G, Zhang J, Liu L. Exosomes in Tumor Immunotherapy: Mediator, Drug Carrier, and Prognostic Biomarker. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 4:e2000061. [PMID: 32700829 DOI: 10.1002/adbi.202000061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Revised: 05/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhuo Wan
- Department of Hematology Tangdu Hospital Fourth Military Medical University Xi'an 710038 P. R. China
| | - Yan Dong
- Department of Hematology Tangdu Hospital Fourth Military Medical University Xi'an 710038 P. R. China
| | - Mengying Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Fourth Military Medical University Xi'an 710032 P. R. China
| | - Xiaotong Gao
- Department of Hematology Tangdu Hospital Fourth Military Medical University Xi'an 710038 P. R. China
| | - Guodong Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Fourth Military Medical University Xi'an 710032 P. R. China
| | - Jian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Fourth Military Medical University Xi'an 710032 P. R. China
| | - Li Liu
- Department of Hematology Tangdu Hospital Fourth Military Medical University Xi'an 710038 P. R. China
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22
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Tumor Cell-Intrinsic Immunometabolism and Precision Nutrition in Cancer Immunotherapy. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12071757. [PMID: 32630618 PMCID: PMC7409312 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12071757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2020] [Revised: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the greatest challenges in the cancer immunotherapy field is the need to biologically rationalize and broaden the clinical utility of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). The balance between metabolism and immune response has critical implications for overcoming the major weaknesses of ICIs, including their lack of universality and durability. The last decade has seen tremendous advances in understanding how the immune system's ability to kill tumor cells requires the conspicuous metabolic specialization of T-cells. We have learned that cancer cell-associated metabolic activities trigger shifts in the abundance of some metabolites with immunosuppressory roles in the tumor microenvironment. Yet very little is known about the tumor cell-intrinsic metabolic traits that control the immune checkpoint contexture in cancer cells. Likewise, we lack a comprehensive understanding of how systemic metabolic perturbations in response to dietary interventions can reprogram the immune checkpoint landscape of tumor cells. We here review state-of-the-art molecular- and functional-level interrogation approaches to uncover how cell-autonomous metabolic traits and diet-mediated changes in nutrient availability and utilization might delineate new cancer cell-intrinsic metabolic dependencies of tumor immunogenicity. We propose that clinical monitoring and in-depth molecular evaluation of the cancer cell-intrinsic metabolic traits involved in primary, adaptive, and acquired resistance to cancer immunotherapy can provide the basis for improvements in therapeutic responses to ICIs. Overall, these approaches might guide the use of metabolic therapeutics and dietary approaches as novel strategies to broaden the spectrum of cancer patients and indications that can be effectively treated with ICI-based cancer immunotherapy.
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23
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Tao L, Wang S, Yang L, Jiang L, Li J, Wang X. Reduced Siglec-7 expression on NK cells predicts NK cell dysfunction in primary hepatocellular carcinoma. Clin Exp Immunol 2020; 201:161-170. [PMID: 32319079 DOI: 10.1111/cei.13444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Revised: 03/22/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Major histocompatibility complex class I (MHC-I)-dependent inhibitory receptors on natural killer (NK) cells have been found to contribute to NK cell dysfunction in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, the roles of MHC-I-independent inhibitory receptors on NK cells in HCC remain poorly defined. In this study, we analyzed the expression of the MHC-I-independent inhibitory receptors sialic acid-binding immunoglobulin-like lectin (Siglec)-7 and Siglec-9 on NK cells by analyzing the peripheral blood of 35 HCC patients and 63 healthy donors. We observed that HCC patients had lower frequencies and total numbers of NK cells in the peripheral blood. Importantly, both the expression levels of Siglec-7 on NK cells and the frequencies of Siglec-7+ NK cells were significantly reduced in HCC patients, which was accompanied by a decrease in activating receptor and an increase in inhibitory receptor expression on NK cells. Moreover, Siglec-7+ NK cells expressed higher levels of activating receptors and displayed stronger effector functions, compared with Siglec-7- NK cells. Our findings demonstrate for the first time that reduced Siglec-7 expression predicts NK cell dysfunction in HCC patients, suggesting that Siglec-7 may be a potential marker of functional NK cell subset in HCC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Tao
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - S Wang
- The First Clinical Medical College of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - L Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - L Jiang
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - J Li
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - X Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
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24
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Coleman MF, Cozzo AJ, Pfeil AJ, Etigunta SK, Hursting SD. Cell Intrinsic and Systemic Metabolism in Tumor Immunity and Immunotherapy. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12040852. [PMID: 32244756 PMCID: PMC7225951 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12040852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Revised: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapy has shown extraordinary promise at treating cancers otherwise resistant to treatment. However, for ICI therapy to be effective, it must overcome the metabolic limitations of the tumor microenvironment. Tumor metabolism has long been understood to be highly dysregulated, with potent immunosuppressive effects. Moreover, T cell activation and longevity within the tumor microenvironment are intimately tied to T cell metabolism and are required for the long-term efficacy of ICI therapy. We discuss in this review the intersection of metabolic competition in the tumor microenvironment, T cell activation and metabolism, the roles of tumor cell metabolism in immune evasion, and the impact of host metabolism in determining immune surveillance and ICI therapy outcomes. We also discussed the effects of obesity and calorie restriction—two important systemic metabolic perturbations that impact intrinsic metabolic pathways in T cells as well as cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael F. Coleman
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27516, USA; (M.F.C.); (A.J.C.); (A.J.P.); (S.K.E.)
| | - Alyssa J. Cozzo
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27516, USA; (M.F.C.); (A.J.C.); (A.J.P.); (S.K.E.)
- Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC 27705, USA
| | - Alexander J. Pfeil
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27516, USA; (M.F.C.); (A.J.C.); (A.J.P.); (S.K.E.)
| | - Suhas K. Etigunta
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27516, USA; (M.F.C.); (A.J.C.); (A.J.P.); (S.K.E.)
| | - Stephen D. Hursting
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27516, USA; (M.F.C.); (A.J.C.); (A.J.P.); (S.K.E.)
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27516, USA
- Correspondence:
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25
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Läsche M, Emons G, Gründker C. Shedding New Light on Cancer Metabolism: A Metabolic Tightrope Between Life and Death. Front Oncol 2020; 10:409. [PMID: 32300553 PMCID: PMC7145406 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.00409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Since the earliest findings of Otto Warburg, who discovered the first metabolic differences between lactate production of cancer cells and non-malignant tissues in the 1920s, much time has passed. He explained the increased lactate levels with dysfunctional mitochondria and aerobic glycolysis despite adequate oxygenation. Meanwhile, we came to know that mitochondria remain instead functional in cancer cells; hence, metabolic drift, rather than being linked to dysfunctional mitochondria, was found to be an active act of direct response of cancer cells to cell proliferation and survival signals. This metabolic drift begins with the use of sugars and the full oxidative phosphorylation via the mitochondrial respiratory chain to form CO2, and it then leads to the formation of lactic acid via partial oxidation. In addition to oncogene-driven metabolic reprogramming, the oncometabolites themselves alter cell signaling and are responsible for differentiation and metastasis of cancer cells. The aberrant metabolism is now considered a major characteristic of cancer within the past 15 years. However, the proliferating anabolic growth of a tumor and its spread to distal sites of the body is not explainable by altered glucose metabolism alone. Since a tumor consists of malignant cells and its tumor microenvironment, it was important for us to understand the bilateral interactions between the primary tumor and its microenvironment and the processes underlying its successful metastasis. We here describe the main metabolic pathways and their implications in tumor progression and metastasis. We also portray that metabolic flexibility determines the fate of the cancer cell and ultimately the patient. This flexibility must be taken into account when deciding on a therapy, since singular cancer therapies only shift the metabolism to a different alternative path and create resistance to the medication used. As with Otto Warburg in his days, we primarily focused on the metabolism of mitochondria when dealing with this scientific question.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Läsche
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Medicine Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Günter Emons
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Medicine Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Carsten Gründker
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Medicine Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
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26
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Ge Z, Wu S, Zhang Z, Ding S. Mechanism of tumor cells escaping from immune surveillance of NK cells. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol 2020; 42:187-198. [PMID: 32223464 DOI: 10.1080/08923973.2020.1742733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells play an important role in anti-tumor and anti-infection, and perform their immune surveillance function in various ways. However, no matter what kind of cancer, the functional activity of NK cells in the tumor microenvironment (TME) is suppressed. Understanding the relationship between tumor cells and NK cells is very critical for tumor immunotherapy. This review discusses the mechanism of tumor cells escaping the immune surveillance of NK cells. These include a variety of factors that inhibit the activity of NK cells, an imbalance of activating receptors and inhibiting receptors on NK cells, abnormal binding of receptors and ligands, cross-talk of surrounding cell groups and NK cells in the TME, and other factors that affect NK cell activity. An understanding of these factors is necessary to provide new treatment strategies for tumor immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Ge
- School of Physical Education & Health Care, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Adolescent Health Assessment and Exercise Intervention of Ministry of Education, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shan Wu
- School of Physical Education & Health Care, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Adolescent Health Assessment and Exercise Intervention of Ministry of Education, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhe Zhang
- School of Physical Education & Health Care, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Adolescent Health Assessment and Exercise Intervention of Ministry of Education, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuzhe Ding
- School of Physical Education & Health Care, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Adolescent Health Assessment and Exercise Intervention of Ministry of Education, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
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27
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Villalba M, Alexia C, Bellin-Robert A, Fayd'herbe de Maudave A, Gitenay D. Non-Genetically Improving the Natural Cytotoxicity of Natural Killer (NK) Cells. Front Immunol 2020; 10:3026. [PMID: 31998309 PMCID: PMC6970430 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.03026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The innate lymphocyte lineage natural killer (NK) is now the target of multiple clinical applications, although none has received an agreement from any regulatory agency yet. Transplant of naïve NK cells has not proven efficient enough in the vast majority of clinical trials. Hence, new protocols wish to improve their medical use by producing them from stem cells and/or modifying them by genetic engineering. These techniques have given interesting results but these improvements often hide that natural killers are mainly that: natural. We discuss here different ways to take advantage of NK physiology to improve their clinical activity without the need of additional modifications except for in vitro activation and expansion and allograft in patients. Some of these tactics include combination with monoclonal antibodies (mAb), drugs that change metabolism and engraftment of specific NK subsets with particular activity. Finally, we propose to use specific NK cell subsets found in certain patients that show increase activity against a specific disease, including the use of NK cells derived from patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Villalba
- IRMB, Univ Montpellier, INSERM, CHU Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier, France.,IRMB, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Catherine Alexia
- IRMB, Univ Montpellier, INSERM, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | | | | | - Delphine Gitenay
- IRMB, Univ Montpellier, INSERM, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, France
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28
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Nunes JB, Everts B. Metabolic Stress Triggers Immune Escape by Tumors. Trends Cancer 2019; 5:656-658. [PMID: 31735282 DOI: 10.1016/j.trecan.2019.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Revised: 08/30/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
There is major interest in understanding the role of the tumor microenvironment in immune escape. In a recent report, Marijt et al. shed light on the signaling cascade that leads to decreased surface expression of MHC class I by tumor cells triggered by low oxygen and glucose availability, revealing new opportunities for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana B Nunes
- Department of Pathology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Bart Everts
- Department of Parasitology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.
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29
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Marco-Brualla J, Al-Wasaby S, Soler R, Romanos E, Conde B, Justo-Méndez R, Enríquez JA, Fernández-Silva P, Martínez-Lostao L, Villalba M, Moreno-Loshuertos R, Anel A. Mutations in the ND2 Subunit of Mitochondrial Complex I Are Sufficient to Confer Increased Tumorigenic and Metastatic Potential to Cancer Cells. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:E1027. [PMID: 31330915 PMCID: PMC6678765 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11071027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2019] [Revised: 07/16/2019] [Accepted: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiprotein complexes of the mitochondrial electron transport chain form associations to generate supercomplexes. The relationship between tumor cell ability to assemble mitochondrial supercomplexes, tumorigenesis and metastasis has not been studied thoroughly. The mitochondrial and metabolic differences between L929dt cells, which lost matrix attachment and MHC-I expression, and their parental cell line L929, were analyzed. L929dt cells have lower capacity to generate energy through OXPHOS and lower respiratory capacity than parental L929 cells. Most importantly, L929dt cells show defects in mitochondrial supercomplex assembly, especially in those that contain complex I. These defects correlate with mtDNA mutations in L929dt cells at the ND2 subunit of complex I and are accompanied by a glycolytic shift. In addition, L929dt cells show higher in vivo tumorigenic and metastatic potential than the parental cell line. Cybrids with L929dt mitochondria in L929 nuclear background reproduce all L929dt properties, demonstrating that mitochondrial mutations are responsible for the aggressive tumor phenotype. In spite of their higher tumorigenic potential, L929dt or mitochondrial L929dt cybrid cells are sensitive both in vitro and in vivo to the PDK1 inhibitor dichloroacetate, which favors OXPHOS, suggesting benefits for the use of metabolic inhibitors in the treatment of especially aggressive tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joaquín Marco-Brualla
- Immunity, Cancer & Stem Cells Group, Department Biochemistry and Molecular and Cell Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Campus San Francisco Square, Aragón Health Research Institute (IIS Aragón), University of Zaragoza, E-50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Sameer Al-Wasaby
- Immunity, Cancer & Stem Cells Group, Department Biochemistry and Molecular and Cell Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Campus San Francisco Square, Aragón Health Research Institute (IIS Aragón), University of Zaragoza, E-50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Ruth Soler
- Immunity, Cancer & Stem Cells Group, Department Biochemistry and Molecular and Cell Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Campus San Francisco Square, Aragón Health Research Institute (IIS Aragón), University of Zaragoza, E-50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Eduardo Romanos
- Aragón Health Research Institute (IIS Aragón), Center for Research in Biomedicine, E-50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Blanca Conde
- Department of Human Anatomy and Histology, Faculty of Medicine, Campus San Francisco Square, University of Zaragoza, E-50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | | | - José A Enríquez
- Carlos III National Center for Cardiovascular Research, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Patricio Fernández-Silva
- GENOXPHOS Group, Department Biochemistry and Molecular and Cell Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Campus San Francisco Square, Biocomputation and Complex Systems Physics Institute (BIFI), University of Zaragoza, E-50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | | | - Martín Villalba
- The National Institute of Biomedical Research (INSERM), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Montpellier, The University of Montpellier, The Institute for Regenerative Medicine and Biotherapy, 34090 Montpellier, France
- IRMB, CHU Montpellier, 34090 Montpellier, France
| | - Raquel Moreno-Loshuertos
- GENOXPHOS Group, Department Biochemistry and Molecular and Cell Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Campus San Francisco Square, Biocomputation and Complex Systems Physics Institute (BIFI), University of Zaragoza, E-50009 Zaragoza, Spain.
| | - Alberto Anel
- Immunity, Cancer & Stem Cells Group, Department Biochemistry and Molecular and Cell Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Campus San Francisco Square, Aragón Health Research Institute (IIS Aragón), University of Zaragoza, E-50009 Zaragoza, Spain.
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30
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Rossi JF, Céballos P, Lu ZY. Immune precision medicine for cancer: a novel insight based on the efficiency of immune effector cells. Cancer Commun (Lond) 2019; 39:34. [PMID: 31200766 PMCID: PMC6567551 DOI: 10.1186/s40880-019-0379-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer cell growth is associated with immune surveillance failure. Nowadays, restoring the desired immune response against cancer cells remains a major therapeutic strategy. Due to the recent advances in biological knowledge, efficient therapeutic tools have been developed to support the best bio-clinical approaches for immune precision therapy. One of the most important successes in immune therapy is represented by the applicational use of monoclonal antibodies, particularly the use of rituximab for B-cell lymphoproliferative disorders. More recently, other monoclonal antibodies have been developed, to inhibit immune checkpoints within the tumor microenvironment that limit immune suppression, or to enhance some immune functions with immune adjuvants through different targets such as Toll-receptor agonists. The aim is to inhibit cancer proliferation by the diminishing/elimination of cancer residual cells and clinically improving the response duration with no or few adverse effects. This effect is supported by enhancing the number, functions, and activity of the immune effector cells, including the natural killer (NK) lymphocytes, NKT-lymphocytes, γδ T-lymphocytes, cytotoxic T-lymphocytes, directly or indirectly through vaccines particularly with neoantigens, and by lowering the functions of the immune suppressive cells. Beyond these new therapeutics and their personalized usage, new considerations have to be taken into account, such as epigenetic regulation particularly from microbiota, evaluation of transversal functions, particularly cellular metabolism, and consideration to the clinical consequences at the body level. The aim of this review is to discuss some practical aspects of immune therapy, giving to clinicians the concept of immune effector cells balancing between control and tolerance. Immunological precision medicine is a combination of modern biological knowledge and clinical therapeutic decisions in a global vision of the patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-François Rossi
- Institut Sainte Catherine, 84918, Avignon, France. .,Université Montpellier 1, UFR Médecine, 34396, Montpellier, France. .,Département d'Hématologie, CHU de Montpellier, 34295, Montpellier, France.
| | - Patrice Céballos
- Département d'Hématologie, CHU de Montpellier, 34295, Montpellier, France
| | - Zhao-Yang Lu
- Unité de Thérapie Cellulaire, CHU Saint-Eloi, 34295, Montpellier, France
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31
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Marijt KA, Sluijter M, Blijleven L, Tolmeijer SH, Scheeren FA, van der Burg SH, van Hall T. Metabolic stress in cancer cells induces immune escape through a PI3K-dependent blockade of IFNγ receptor signaling. J Immunother Cancer 2019; 7:152. [PMID: 31196219 PMCID: PMC6567539 DOI: 10.1186/s40425-019-0627-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Accepted: 05/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND T-cell mediated immunotherapy brought clinical success for many cancer patients. Nonetheless, downregulation of MHC class I antigen presentation, frequently occurring in solid cancers, limits the efficacy of these therapies. Unraveling the mechanisms underlying this type of immune escape is therefore of great importance. We here investigated the immunological effects of metabolic stress in cancer cells as a result of nutrient deprivation. METHODS TC1 and B16F10 tumor cell lines were cultured under oxygen- and glucose-deprivation conditions that mimicked the tumor microenvironment of solid tumors. Presentation of peptide antigens by MHC class I molecules was measured by flow cytometry and via activation of tumor-specific CD8 T cell clones. The proficiency of the IFNy-STAT1 pathway was investigated by Western blots on phosphorylated proteins, transfection of constitutive active STAT1 constructs and qPCR of downstream targets. Kinase inhibitors for PI3K were used to examine its role in IFNy receptor signal transduction. RESULTS Combination of oxygen- and glucose-deprivation resulted in decreased presentation of MHC class I antigens on cancer cells, even in the presence of the stimulatory cytokine IFNy. This unresponsiveness to IFNy was the result of failure to phosphorylate the signal transducer STAT1. Forced expression of constitutive active STAT1 fully rescued the MHC class I presentation. Furthermore, oxygen- and glucose-deprivation increased PI3K activity in tumor cells. Pharmacological inhibition of this pathway not only restored signal transduction through IFNy-STAT1 but also improved MHC class I presentation. Importantly, PI3K inhibitors also rendered tumor cells sensitive for recognition by CD8 T cells in culture conditions of metabolic stress. CONCLUSIONS These data revealed a strong impact of metabolic stress on the presentation of tumor antigens by MHC class I and suggest that this type of tumor escape takes place at hypoxic areas even during times of active T cell immunity and IFNy release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koen A Marijt
- Department of Medical Oncology, Oncode Institute, C7-P, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, Leiden, 2333 ZA, the Netherlands.
| | - Marjolein Sluijter
- Department of Medical Oncology, Oncode Institute, C7-P, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, Leiden, 2333 ZA, the Netherlands
| | - Laura Blijleven
- Department of Medical Oncology, Oncode Institute, C7-P, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, Leiden, 2333 ZA, the Netherlands
| | - Sofie H Tolmeijer
- Department of Medical Oncology, Oncode Institute, C7-P, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, Leiden, 2333 ZA, the Netherlands
| | - Ferenc A Scheeren
- Department of Medical Oncology, Oncode Institute, C7-P, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, Leiden, 2333 ZA, the Netherlands
| | - Sjoerd H van der Burg
- Department of Medical Oncology, Oncode Institute, C7-P, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, Leiden, 2333 ZA, the Netherlands
| | - Thorbald van Hall
- Department of Medical Oncology, Oncode Institute, C7-P, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, Leiden, 2333 ZA, the Netherlands
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32
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Comas L, Polo E, Domingo MP, Hernández Y, Arias M, Esteban P, Martínez-Lostao L, Pardo J, Martínez de la Fuente J, Gálvez EM. Intracellular Delivery of Biologically-Active Fungal Metabolite Gliotoxin Using Magnetic Nanoparticles. MATERIALS 2019; 12:ma12071092. [PMID: 30987007 PMCID: PMC6480141 DOI: 10.3390/ma12071092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2019] [Revised: 03/25/2019] [Accepted: 03/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Gliotoxin (GT), a secondary metabolite produced by Aspergillus molds, has been proposed as a potential anti-tumor agent. Here we have developed a nanoparticle approach to enhance delivery of GT in tumor cells and establish a basis for its potential use as therapeutical drug. GT bound to magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) retained a high anti-tumor activity, correlating with efficient intracellular delivery, which was increased in the presence of glucose. Our results show that the attachment of GT to MNPs by covalent bonding enhances intracellular GT delivery without affecting its biological activity. This finding represents the first step to use this potent anti-tumor agent in the treatment of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Comas
- Instituto de Carboquímica (ICB-CSIC), 50018 Zaragoza, Spain.
| | - Esther Polo
- Centro Singular de Investigación en Química Biolóxica e Materiais Moleculares (CiQUS), Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
| | - M Pilar Domingo
- Instituto de Carboquímica (ICB-CSIC), 50018 Zaragoza, Spain.
| | - Yulán Hernández
- Pontificia Universidad Católica del Peru, Departamento de Ciencias - Sección Química, Lima 1761, Peru.
| | - Maykel Arias
- Instituto de Carboquímica (ICB-CSIC), 50018 Zaragoza, Spain.
| | | | - Luis Martínez-Lostao
- Instituto de Investigaciones Sanitarias de Aragón (IIS), 50009 Zaragoza, Spain.
- Departamento de Microbiología, Medicina Preventiva y Salud Pública, Universidad de Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain.
- Servicio de Inmunologia, Hospital Clinico Lozano Blesa, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain.
- Instituto de Nanociencia de Aragón, Universidad de Zaragoza, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain.
| | - Julián Pardo
- Departamento de Microbiología, Medicina Preventiva y Salud Pública, Universidad de Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain.
- Instituto de Nanociencia de Aragón, Universidad de Zaragoza, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain.
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Aragón, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Aragón, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain.
- Fundacion Agencia Aragonesa para la Investigación y el Desarrollo (ARAID), 50018 Zaragoza, Spain.
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Aragón, ICMA-CSIC, Universidad de Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain.
| | - Jesús Martínez de la Fuente
- Instituto de Nanociencia de Aragón, Universidad de Zaragoza, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain.
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Aragón, ICMA-CSIC, Universidad de Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain.
| | - Eva M Gálvez
- Instituto de Carboquímica (ICB-CSIC), 50018 Zaragoza, Spain.
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33
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Zhao Z, Chen Y, Francisco NM, Zhang Y, Wu M. The application of CAR-T cell therapy in hematological malignancies: advantages and challenges. Acta Pharm Sin B 2018; 8:539-551. [PMID: 30109179 PMCID: PMC6090008 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2018.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2017] [Revised: 01/26/2018] [Accepted: 02/18/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Chimeric antigen receptor T cell (CAR-T cell) therapy is a novel adoptive immunotherapy where T lymphocytes are engineered with synthetic receptors known as chimeric antigen receptors (CAR). The CAR-T cell is an effector T cell that recognizes and eliminates specific cancer cells, independent of major histocompatibility complex molecules. The whole procedure of CAR-T cell production is not well understood. The CAR-T cell has been used predominantly in the treatment of hematological malignancies, including acute lymphoblastic leukemia, chronic lymphocytic leukemia, lymphoma, and multiple myeloma. Solid tumors including melanoma, breast cancer and sarcoma offer great promise in CAR-T cell research and development. CD19 CAR-T cell is most commonly used, and other targets, including CD20, CD30, CD38 and CD138 are being studied. Although this novel therapy is promising, there are several disadvantages. In this review we discuss the applications of CAR-T cells in different hematological malignancies, and pave a way for future improvement on the effectiveness and persistence of these adoptive cell therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zijun Zhao
- Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Yu Chen
- Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | | | - Yuanqing Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Minhao Wu
- Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
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34
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Mitochondrial Complex I activity signals antioxidant response through ERK5. Sci Rep 2018; 8:7420. [PMID: 29743487 PMCID: PMC5943249 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-23884-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2017] [Accepted: 03/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) generates ROS as a byproduct of mitochondrial complex I activity. ROS-detoxifying enzymes are made available through the activation of their antioxidant response elements (ARE) in their gene promoters. NRF2 binds to AREs and induces this anti-oxidant response. We show that cells from multiple origins performing OXPHOS induced NRF2 expression and its transcriptional activity. The NRF2 promoter contains MEF2 binding sites and the MAPK ERK5 induced MEF2-dependent NRF2 expression. Blocking OXPHOS in a mouse model decreased Erk5 and Nrf2 expression. Furthermore, fibroblasts derived from patients with mitochondrial disorders also showed low expression of ERK5 and NRF2 mRNAs. Notably, in cells lacking functional mitochondrial complex I activity OXPHOS did not induce ERK5 expression and failed to generate this anti-oxidant response. Complex I activity induces ERK5 expression through fumarate accumulation. Eukaryotic cells have evolved a genetic program to prevent oxidative stress directly linked to OXPHOS and not requiring ROS.
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35
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Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio as prognostic indicator in gastrointestinal cancers: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Oncotarget 2018; 8:32171-32189. [PMID: 28418870 PMCID: PMC5458276 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.16291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2016] [Accepted: 02/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
An accurate, time efficient, and inexpensive prognostic indicator is needed to reduce cost and assist with clinical decision making for cancer management. The neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), which is derived from common serum testing, has been explored in a variety of cancers. We sought to determine its prognostic value in gastrointestinal cancers and performed a meta-analysis of published studies using the Meta-analysis Of Observational Studies in Epidemiology guidelines. Included were randomized control trials and observational studies that analyzed humans with gastrointestinal cancers that included NLR and hazard ratios (HR) with overall survival (OS), disease-free survival (DFS), progression-free survival (PFS), and/or cancer-specific survival (CSS). We analyzed 144 studies comprising 45,905 patients, two-thirds of which were published after 2014. The mean, median, and mode cutoffs for NLR reporting OS from multivariate models were 3.4, 3.0, 5.0 (±IQR 2.5-5.0), respectively. Overall, NLR greater than the cutoff was associated with a HR for OS of 1.63 (95% CI, 1.53-1.73; P < 0.001). This association was observed in all subgroups based on tumor site, stage, and geographic region. HR for elevated NLR for DFS, PFS, and CSS were 1.70 (95% CI, 1.52-1.91, P < 0.001), 1.64 (95% CI, 1.36-1.97, P < 0.001), and 1.83 (95% CI, 1.50-2.23, P < 0.001), respectively. Available evidence suggests that NLR greater than the cutoff reduces OS, independent of geographic location, gastrointestinal cancer type, or stage of cancer. Furthermore, DFS, PFS, and CSS also have worse outcomes with elevated NLR.
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36
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Abstract
Glycolysis has long been considered as the major metabolic process for energy production and anabolic growth in cancer cells. Although such a view has been instrumental for the development of powerful imaging tools that are still used in the clinics, it is now clear that mitochondria play a key role in oncogenesis. Besides exerting central bioenergetic functions, mitochondria provide indeed building blocks for tumor anabolism, control redox and calcium homeostasis, participate in transcriptional regulation, and govern cell death. Thus, mitochondria constitute promising targets for the development of novel anticancer agents. However, tumors arise, progress, and respond to therapy in the context of an intimate crosstalk with the host immune system, and many immunological functions rely on intact mitochondrial metabolism. Here, we review the cancer cell-intrinsic and cell-extrinsic mechanisms through which mitochondria influence all steps of oncogenesis, with a focus on the therapeutic potential of targeting mitochondrial metabolism for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Ettore Porporato
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Molecular Biotechnology Center, 10124 Torino, Italy
| | - Nicoletta Filigheddu
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - José Manuel Bravo-San Pedro
- Université Paris Descartes/Paris V, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 75006 Paris, France
- Université Pierre et Marie Curie/Paris VI, 75006 Paris, France
- Equipe 11 labellisée par la Ligue contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, 75006 Paris, France
- INSERM, U1138, 75006 Paris, France
- Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy Comprehensive Cancer Institute, 94805 Villejuif, France
| | - Guido Kroemer
- Université Paris Descartes/Paris V, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 75006 Paris, France
- Université Pierre et Marie Curie/Paris VI, 75006 Paris, France
- Equipe 11 labellisée par la Ligue contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, 75006 Paris, France
- INSERM, U1138, 75006 Paris, France
- Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy Comprehensive Cancer Institute, 94805 Villejuif, France
- Pôle de Biologie, Hopitâl Européen George Pompidou, AP-HP, 75015 Paris, France
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska University Hospital, 17176 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lorenzo Galluzzi
- Université Paris Descartes/Paris V, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 75006 Paris, France
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA
- Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
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37
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Belkahla S, Haq Khan AU, Gitenay D, Alexia C, Gondeau C, Vo DN, Orecchioni S, Talarico G, Bertolini F, Cartron G, Hernandez J, Daujat-Chavanieu M, Allende-Vega N, Gonzalez MV. Changes in metabolism affect expression of ABC transporters through ERK5 and depending on p53 status. Oncotarget 2017; 9:1114-1129. [PMID: 29416681 PMCID: PMC5787424 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.23305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2017] [Accepted: 12/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Changes in metabolism require the efflux and influx of a diverse variety of metabolites. The ABC superfamily of transporters regulates the exchange of hundreds of substrates through the impermeable cell membrane. We show here that a metabolic switch to oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS), either by treating cells with dichloroacetate (DCA) or by changing the available substrates, reduced expression of ABCB1, ABCC1, ABCC5 and ABCG2 in wild-type p53-expressing cells. This metabolic change reduced histone changes associated to active promoters. Notably, DCA also inhibited expression of these genes in two animal models in vivo. In contrast, OXPHOS increased the expression of the same transporters in mutated (mut) or null p53-expressing cells. ABC transporters control the export of drugs from cancer cells and render tumors resistant to chemotherapy, playing an important role in multiple drug resistance (MDR). Wtp53 cells forced to perform OXPHOS showed impaired drug clearance. In contrast mutp53 cells increased drug clearance when performing OXPHOS. ABC transporter promoters contain binding sites for the transcription factors MEF2, NRF1 and NRF2 that are targets of the MAPK ERK5. OXPHOS induced expression of the MAPK ERK5. Decreasing ERK5 levels in wtp53 cells increased ABC expression whereas it inhibited expression in mutp53 cells. Our results showed that the ERK5/MEF2 pathway controlled ABC expression depending on p53 status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sana Belkahla
- Department of Lymphocyte Differentiation, Tolerance and Metabolism: Basis for Immunotherapy, Institut De Médecine Régénératrice Et Biothérapie (IRMB), INSERM, Univ De Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Abrar Ul Haq Khan
- Department of Lymphocyte Differentiation, Tolerance and Metabolism: Basis for Immunotherapy, Institut De Médecine Régénératrice Et Biothérapie (IRMB), INSERM, Univ De Montpellier, Montpellier, France.,Department of Lymphocyte Differentiation, Tolerance and Metabolism: Basis for Immunotherapy, Institut De Médecine Régénératrice Et Biothérapie (IRMB), CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Delphine Gitenay
- Department of Lymphocyte Differentiation, Tolerance and Metabolism: Basis for Immunotherapy, Institut De Médecine Régénératrice Et Biothérapie (IRMB), INSERM, Univ De Montpellier, Montpellier, France.,Department of Lymphocyte Differentiation, Tolerance and Metabolism: Basis for Immunotherapy, Institut De Médecine Régénératrice Et Biothérapie (IRMB), CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Catherine Alexia
- Department of Lymphocyte Differentiation, Tolerance and Metabolism: Basis for Immunotherapy, Institut De Médecine Régénératrice Et Biothérapie (IRMB), INSERM, Univ De Montpellier, Montpellier, France.,Department of Lymphocyte Differentiation, Tolerance and Metabolism: Basis for Immunotherapy, Institut De Médecine Régénératrice Et Biothérapie (IRMB), CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Claire Gondeau
- Department of Lymphocyte Differentiation, Tolerance and Metabolism: Basis for Immunotherapy, Institut De Médecine Régénératrice Et Biothérapie (IRMB), INSERM, Univ De Montpellier, Montpellier, France.,Department of Lymphocyte Differentiation, Tolerance and Metabolism: Basis for Immunotherapy, Institut De Médecine Régénératrice Et Biothérapie (IRMB), CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, France.,Département d'Hépato-gastroentérologie A, Hôpital Saint Eloi, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Dang-Nghiem Vo
- Department of Lymphocyte Differentiation, Tolerance and Metabolism: Basis for Immunotherapy, Institut De Médecine Régénératrice Et Biothérapie (IRMB), INSERM, Univ De Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Stefania Orecchioni
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy
| | - Giovanna Talarico
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesco Bertolini
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy
| | - Guillaume Cartron
- Département d'Hématologie Clinique, CHU Montpellier, Université Montpellier I, Montpellier, France
| | - Javier Hernandez
- Department of Lymphocyte Differentiation, Tolerance and Metabolism: Basis for Immunotherapy, Institut De Médecine Régénératrice Et Biothérapie (IRMB), INSERM, Univ De Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Martine Daujat-Chavanieu
- Department of Lymphocyte Differentiation, Tolerance and Metabolism: Basis for Immunotherapy, Institut De Médecine Régénératrice Et Biothérapie (IRMB), INSERM, Univ De Montpellier, Montpellier, France.,Department of Lymphocyte Differentiation, Tolerance and Metabolism: Basis for Immunotherapy, Institut De Médecine Régénératrice Et Biothérapie (IRMB), CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Nerea Allende-Vega
- Department of Lymphocyte Differentiation, Tolerance and Metabolism: Basis for Immunotherapy, Institut De Médecine Régénératrice Et Biothérapie (IRMB), INSERM, Univ De Montpellier, Montpellier, France.,Department of Lymphocyte Differentiation, Tolerance and Metabolism: Basis for Immunotherapy, Institut De Médecine Régénératrice Et Biothérapie (IRMB), CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, France.,These two authors share senior authorship
| | - Martin Villalba Gonzalez
- Department of Lymphocyte Differentiation, Tolerance and Metabolism: Basis for Immunotherapy, Institut De Médecine Régénératrice Et Biothérapie (IRMB), INSERM, Univ De Montpellier, Montpellier, France.,Department of Lymphocyte Differentiation, Tolerance and Metabolism: Basis for Immunotherapy, Institut De Médecine Régénératrice Et Biothérapie (IRMB), CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, France.,These two authors share senior authorship
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Amaral T, Meraz-Torres F, Garbe C. Immunotherapy in managing metastatic melanoma: which treatment when? Expert Opin Biol Ther 2017; 17:1523-1538. [PMID: 28891339 DOI: 10.1080/14712598.2017.1378640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Ten to fifteen percent of melanoma patients develop distant or unresectable metastasis requiring systemic treatment. Around 45% of the patients diagnosed with metastatic cutaneous melanoma harbor a BRAFV600 mutation and derive benefit from combined targeted therapy with MAPK pathway inhibitors. These offer a rapid response that translates into improvement of symptoms and increased quality of life. However, resistance often develops with subsequent progressive disease. Immunotherapy with checkpoint inhibitors may be offered to BRAF-mutated and wild-type patients and is associated with longer and durable responses that can continue over years. Areas covered: In this review, the authors discuss the late evidence for targeted and immunotherapy in melanoma patients, as well as therapy sequencing. Immunotherapy in special populations is also addressed. Expert opinion: Effective treatments are currently available. However, there are still unanswered questions of the best therapy sequence, the clear superiority of combined immunotherapy versus monotherapy in all patients, and therapy duration. Since different promising treatments will become available, clinical trials comparing the diverse options in terms of safety, efficacy and cost- effectiveness are required to make the right decisions. Consequently, patients should be encouraged to participate in clinical trials, whenever possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Amaral
- a Center for Dermatooncology, Department of Dermatology , University Hospital Tuebingen , Tuebingen , Germany
- b Portuguese Air Force Health Direction , Lisbon , Portugal
| | - Francisco Meraz-Torres
- a Center for Dermatooncology, Department of Dermatology , University Hospital Tuebingen , Tuebingen , Germany
| | - Claus Garbe
- a Center for Dermatooncology, Department of Dermatology , University Hospital Tuebingen , Tuebingen , Germany
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Khan AUH, Allende-Vega N, Gitenay D, Gerbal-Chaloin S, Gondeau C, Vo DN, Belkahla S, Orecchioni S, Talarico G, Bertolini F, Bozic M, Valdivielso JM, Bejjani F, Jariel I, Lopez-Mejia IC, Fajas L, Lecellier CH, Hernandez J, Daujat M, Villalba M. The PDK1 Inhibitor Dichloroacetate Controls Cholesterol Homeostasis Through the ERK5/MEF2 Pathway. Sci Rep 2017; 7:10654. [PMID: 28878225 PMCID: PMC5587676 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-10339-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2017] [Accepted: 08/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Controlling cholesterol levels is a major challenge in human health, since hypercholesterolemia can lead to serious cardiovascular disease. Drugs that target carbohydrate metabolism can also modify lipid metabolism and hence cholesterol plasma levels. In this sense, dichloroacetate (DCA), a pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase (PDK) inhibitor, augments usage of the glycolysis-produced pyruvate in the mitochondria increasing oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS). In several animal models, DCA decreases plasma cholesterol and triglycerides. Thus, DCA was used in the 70 s to treat diabetes mellitus, hyperlipoproteinemia and hypercholesterolemia with satisfactory results. However, the mechanism of action remained unknown and we describe it here. DCA increases LDLR mRNA and protein levels as well as LDL intake in several cell lines, primary human hepatocytes and two different mouse models. This effect is mediated by transcriptional activation as evidenced by H3 acetylation on lysine 27 on the LDLR promoter. DCA induces expression of the MAPK ERK5 that turns on the transcription factor MEF2. Inhibition of this ERK5/MEF2 pathway by genetic or pharmacological means decreases LDLR expression and LDL intake. In summary, our results indicate that DCA, by inducing OXPHOS, promotes ERK5/MEF2 activation leading to LDLR expression. The ERK5/MEF2 pathway offers an interesting pharmacological target for drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abrar Ul Haq Khan
- INSERM, U1183; Université de Montpellier, UFR Medecine, 80, av. Augustin Fliche, 34295, Montpellier Cedex 5, France.,Institut de Médecine Régénératrice et Biothérapie (IRMB), CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, 34295, France
| | - Nerea Allende-Vega
- INSERM, U1183; Université de Montpellier, UFR Medecine, 80, av. Augustin Fliche, 34295, Montpellier Cedex 5, France.,Institut de Médecine Régénératrice et Biothérapie (IRMB), CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, 34295, France
| | - Delphine Gitenay
- INSERM, U1183; Université de Montpellier, UFR Medecine, 80, av. Augustin Fliche, 34295, Montpellier Cedex 5, France.,Institut de Médecine Régénératrice et Biothérapie (IRMB), CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, 34295, France
| | - Sabine Gerbal-Chaloin
- INSERM, U1183; Université de Montpellier, UFR Medecine, 80, av. Augustin Fliche, 34295, Montpellier Cedex 5, France.,Institut de Médecine Régénératrice et Biothérapie (IRMB), CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, 34295, France
| | - Claire Gondeau
- INSERM, U1183; Université de Montpellier, UFR Medecine, 80, av. Augustin Fliche, 34295, Montpellier Cedex 5, France.,Institut de Médecine Régénératrice et Biothérapie (IRMB), CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, 34295, France.,Département d'Hépato-gastroentérologie A, Hôpital Saint Eloi, CHU, Montpellier, France
| | - Dang-Nghiem Vo
- INSERM, U1183; Université de Montpellier, UFR Medecine, 80, av. Augustin Fliche, 34295, Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - Sana Belkahla
- INSERM, U1183; Université de Montpellier, UFR Medecine, 80, av. Augustin Fliche, 34295, Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - Stefania Orecchioni
- Laboratory of Hematology-Oncology, European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy
| | - Giovanna Talarico
- Laboratory of Hematology-Oncology, European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesco Bertolini
- Laboratory of Hematology-Oncology, European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy
| | - Milica Bozic
- Vascular and Renal Translational Research Group. Institut de Recerca Biomedica de Lleida (IRBLLIDA), Lleida, Spain
| | - Jose M Valdivielso
- Vascular and Renal Translational Research Group. Institut de Recerca Biomedica de Lleida (IRBLLIDA), Lleida, Spain
| | | | | | | | - Lluis Fajas
- Center for Integrative Genomics, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | - Javier Hernandez
- INSERM, U1183; Université de Montpellier, UFR Medecine, 80, av. Augustin Fliche, 34295, Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - Martine Daujat
- INSERM, U1183; Université de Montpellier, UFR Medecine, 80, av. Augustin Fliche, 34295, Montpellier Cedex 5, France.,Institut de Médecine Régénératrice et Biothérapie (IRMB), CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, 34295, France
| | - Martin Villalba
- INSERM, U1183; Université de Montpellier, UFR Medecine, 80, av. Augustin Fliche, 34295, Montpellier Cedex 5, France. .,Institut de Médecine Régénératrice et Biothérapie (IRMB), CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, 34295, France.
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40
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Kroemer G, Galluzzi L. Autophagy-dependent danger signaling and adaptive immunity to poorly immunogenic tumors. Oncotarget 2017; 8:5686-5691. [PMID: 27974686 PMCID: PMC5351581 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.13892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2016] [Accepted: 11/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent data suggest that autophagy does not influence spontaneous and therapy-elicited tumor infiltration by immune cells in murine models of melanoma and breast carcinoma. These findings, which have been obtained in the absence of a therapeutically relevant anticancer immune response, indicate that the intrinsically low immunogenicity of some tumors cannot be compensated for by increased danger signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guido Kroemer
- Equipe 11 Labellisée par la Ligue Contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France
- INSERM, U1138, Paris, France
- Université Paris Descartes/Paris V, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
- Université Pierre et Marie Curie/Paris VI, Paris, France
- Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Villejuif, France
- Pôle de Biologie, Hopitâl Européen George Pompidou, AP-HP, Paris, France
- Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lorenzo Galluzzi
- Equipe 11 Labellisée par la Ligue Contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France
- INSERM, U1138, Paris, France
- Université Paris Descartes/Paris V, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
- Université Pierre et Marie Curie/Paris VI, Paris, France
- Gustave Roussy Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Villejuif, France
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
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41
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El-Osta H, Shahid K, Mills GM, Peddi P. Immune checkpoint inhibitors: the new frontier in non-small-cell lung cancer treatment. Onco Targets Ther 2016; 9:5101-16. [PMID: 27574451 PMCID: PMC4993420 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s111209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is the major cause for cancer-related death in the US. Although advances in chemotherapy and targeted therapy have improved the outcome of metastatic non-small-cell lung cancer, its prognosis remains dismal. A deeper understanding of the complex interaction between the immune system and tumor microenvironment has identified immune checkpoint inhibitors as new avenue of immunotherapy. Rather than acting directly on the tumor, these therapies work by removing the inhibition exerted by tumor cell or other immune cells on the immune system, promoting antitumoral immune response. To date, two programmed death-1 inhibitors, namely nivolumab and pembrolizumab, have received the US Food and Drug Administration approval for the treatment of advanced non-small-cell lung cancer that failed platinum-based chemotherapy. This manuscript provides a brief overview of the pathophysiology of cancer immune evasion, summarizes pertinent data on completed and ongoing clinical trials involving checkpoint inhibitors, discusses the different strategies to optimize their function, and outlines various challenges that are faced in this promising yet evolving field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hazem El-Osta
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology-Oncology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, USA
| | - Kamran Shahid
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology-Oncology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, USA
| | - Glenn M Mills
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology-Oncology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, USA
| | - Prakash Peddi
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology-Oncology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, USA
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42
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Zhang H, Ye ZL, Yuan ZG, Luo ZQ, Jin HJ, Qian QJ. New Strategies for the Treatment of Solid Tumors with CAR-T Cells. Int J Biol Sci 2016; 12:718-29. [PMID: 27194949 PMCID: PMC4870715 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.14405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2015] [Accepted: 01/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent years, we have witnessed significant progresses in both basic and clinical studies regarding novel therapeutic strategies with genetically engineered T cells. Modification with chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) endows T cells with tumor specific cytotoxicity and thus induce anti-tumor immunity against malignancies. However, targeting solid tumors is more challenging than targeting B-cell malignancies with CAR-T cells because of the histopathological structure features, specific antigens shortage and strong immunosuppressive environment of solid tumors. Meanwhile, the on-target/off-tumor toxicity caused by relative expression of target on normal tissues is another issue that should be reckoned. Optimization of the design of CAR vectors, exploration of new targets, addition of safe switches and combination with other treatments bring new vitality to the CAR-T cell based immunotherapy against solid tumors. In this review, we focus on the major obstacles limiting the application of CAR-T cell therapy toward solid tumors and summarize the measures to refine this new cancer therapeutic modality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Zhang
- 1. Laboratory of Viral and Gene Therapy, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Zhen-Long Ye
- 1. Laboratory of Viral and Gene Therapy, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Zhen-Gang Yuan
- 1. Laboratory of Viral and Gene Therapy, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Zheng-Qiang Luo
- 2. Xinyuan Institute of Medicine and Biotechnology College of Life Science, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Hua-Jun Jin
- 1. Laboratory of Viral and Gene Therapy, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Qi-Jun Qian
- 1. Laboratory of Viral and Gene Therapy, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200438, China;; 2. Xinyuan Institute of Medicine and Biotechnology College of Life Science, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China;; 3. Ningbo NO.5 Hospital (Ningbo Cancer Hospital), Ningbo 315201, China
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43
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Krzywinska E, Cornillon A, Allende-Vega N, Vo DN, Rene C, Lu ZY, Pasero C, Olive D, Fegueux N, Ceballos P, Hicheri Y, Sobecki M, Rossi JF, Cartron G, Villalba M. CD45 Isoform Profile Identifies Natural Killer (NK) Subsets with Differential Activity. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0150434. [PMID: 27100180 PMCID: PMC4839597 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0150434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2015] [Accepted: 02/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The leucocyte-specific phosphatase CD45 is present in two main isoforms: the large CD45RA and the short CD45RO. We have recently shown that distinctive expression of these isoforms distinguishes natural killer (NK) populations. For example, co-expression of both isoforms identifies in vivo the anti tumor NK cells in hematological cancer patients. Here we show that low CD45 expression associates with less mature, CD56bright, NK cells. Most NK cells in healthy human donors are CD45RA+CD45RO-. The CD45RA-RO+ phenotype, CD45RO cells, is extremely uncommon in B or NK cells, in contrast to T cells. However, healthy donors possess CD45RAdimRO- (CD45RAdim cells), which show immature markers and are largely expanded in hematopoietic stem cell transplant patients. Blood borne cancer patients also have more CD45RAdim cells that carry several features of immature NK cells. However, and in opposition to their association to NK cell progenitors, they do not proliferate and show low expression of the transferrin receptor protein 1/CD71, suggesting low metabolic activity. Moreover, CD45RAdim cells properly respond to in vitro encounter with target cells by degranulating or gaining CD69 expression. In summary, they are quiescent NK cells, with low metabolic status that can, however, respond after encounter with target cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewelina Krzywinska
- INSERM U1183, Université de Montpellier 1, UFR Médecine, Montpellier, France
| | - Amelie Cornillon
- INSERM U1183, Université de Montpellier 1, UFR Médecine, Montpellier, France
| | - Nerea Allende-Vega
- INSERM U1183, Université de Montpellier 1, UFR Médecine, Montpellier, France
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine and Biotherapy (IRMB), CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, 34295, France
| | - Dang-Nghiem Vo
- INSERM U1183, Université de Montpellier 1, UFR Médecine, Montpellier, France
| | - Celine Rene
- INSERM U1183, Université de Montpellier 1, UFR Médecine, Montpellier, France
| | - Zhao-Yang Lu
- INSERM U1183, Université de Montpellier 1, UFR Médecine, Montpellier, France
| | - Christine Pasero
- Centre de Cancérologie de Marseille, Plateforme d'Immunomonitoring en Cancérologie, INSERM, U1068, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Aix-Marseille Université, UM 105, CNRS, UMR7258, Marseille, France
| | - Daniel Olive
- Centre de Cancérologie de Marseille, Plateforme d'Immunomonitoring en Cancérologie, INSERM, U1068, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Aix-Marseille Université, UM 105, CNRS, UMR7258, Marseille, France
| | - Nathalie Fegueux
- Département d'Hématologie Clinique, CHU Montpellier, Université Montpellier I, 80 avenue Augustin Fliche, 34295, Montpellier, France
| | - Patrick Ceballos
- Département d'Hématologie Clinique, CHU Montpellier, Université Montpellier I, 80 avenue Augustin Fliche, 34295, Montpellier, France
| | - Yosr Hicheri
- Département d'Hématologie Clinique, CHU Montpellier, Université Montpellier I, 80 avenue Augustin Fliche, 34295, Montpellier, France
| | - Michal Sobecki
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), Genome Biology Department CNRS - UMR9198, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Jean-François Rossi
- Département d'Hématologie Clinique, CHU Montpellier, Université Montpellier I, 80 avenue Augustin Fliche, 34295, Montpellier, France
| | - Guillaume Cartron
- Département d'Hématologie Clinique, CHU Montpellier, Université Montpellier I, 80 avenue Augustin Fliche, 34295, Montpellier, France
- CNRS UMR5235, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Martin Villalba
- INSERM U1183, Université de Montpellier 1, UFR Médecine, Montpellier, France
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine and Biotherapy (IRMB), CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, 34295, France
- * E-mail:
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44
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René C, Lozano C, Eliaou JF. Expression of classical HLA class I molecules: regulation and clinical impacts: Julia Bodmer Award Review 2015. HLA 2016; 87:338-49. [PMID: 27060357 DOI: 10.1111/tan.12787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2016] [Accepted: 03/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class I genes are ubiquitously expressed, but in a tissue specific-manner. Their expression is primarily regulated at the transcriptional level and can be modulated both positively and negatively by different stimuli. Advances in sequencing technologies led to the identification of new regulatory variants located in the untranslated regions (UTRs), which could influence the expression. After a brief description of the mechanisms underlying the transcriptional regulation of HLA class I genes expression, we will review how the expression levels of HLA class I genes could affect biological and pathological processes. Then, we will discuss on the differential expression of HLA class I genes according to the locus, allele and UTR polymorphisms and its clinical impact. This interesting field of study led to a new dimension of HLA typing, going beyond a qualitative aspect.
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Affiliation(s)
- C René
- Department of Immunology, CHRU de Montpellier, University Hospital Saint-Eloi, Montpellier, France.,Faculté de Médecine, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France.,INSERM U1183, Institute for Regenerative Medicine and Biotherapy (IRMB), CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - C Lozano
- Department of Immunology, CHRU de Montpellier, University Hospital Saint-Eloi, Montpellier, France
| | - J-F Eliaou
- Department of Immunology, CHRU de Montpellier, University Hospital Saint-Eloi, Montpellier, France.,Faculté de Médecine, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France.,INSERM U1194, IRCM, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
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45
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Khan AUH, Rathore MG, Allende-Vega N, Vo DN, Belkhala S, Orecchioni S, Talarico G, Bertolini F, Cartron G, Lecellier CH, Villalba M. Human Leukemic Cells performing Oxidative Phosphorylation (OXPHOS) Generate an Antioxidant Response Independently of Reactive Oxygen species (ROS) Production. EBioMedicine 2015; 3:43-53. [PMID: 26870816 PMCID: PMC4739420 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2015.11.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2015] [Revised: 11/20/2015] [Accepted: 11/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor cell metabolism is altered during leukemogenesis. Cells performing oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) generate reactive oxygen species (ROS) through mitochondrial activity. To limit the deleterious effects of excess ROS, certain gene promoters contain antioxidant response elements (ARE), e.g. the genes NQO-1 and HO-1. ROS induces conformational changes in KEAP1 and releases NRF2, which activates AREs. We show in vitro and in vivo that OXPHOS induces, both in primary leukemic cells and cell lines, de novo expression of NQO-1 and HO-1 and also the MAPK ERK5 and decreases KEAP1 mRNA. ERK5 activates the transcription factor MEF2, which binds to the promoter of the miR-23a–27a–24-2 cluster. Newly generated miR-23a destabilizes KEAP1 mRNA by binding to its 3′UTR. Lower KEAP1 levels increase the basal expression of the NRF2-dependent genes NQO-1 and HO-1. Hence, leukemic cells performing OXPHOS, independently of de novo ROS production, generate an antioxidant response to protect themselves from ROS. Leukemic cells performing OXPHOS increase ROS and antioxidant gene expression. OXPHOS-mediated ERK5 activation induces miR-23 expression through MEF2. miR-23 blocks KEAP1 expression and increases antioxidant genes.
Cells performing oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) generate reactive oxygen species (ROS) through mitochondrial activity. Excess ROS is deleterious to cells; hence they should be kept at bay. We show here that leukemic cells have a genetic program that allow them to generate an antioxidant response when performing OXPHOS and this is independent of ROS generation. Because leukemic cells need protection from ROS, this pathway is a potential target for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abrar Ul Haq Khan
- INSERM, U1183; Université de Montpellier 1, UFR Medecine, 80, Av. Augustin Fliche, 34295 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - Moeez G Rathore
- INSERM, U1183; Université de Montpellier 1, UFR Medecine, 80, Av. Augustin Fliche, 34295 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - Nerea Allende-Vega
- INSERM, U1183; Université de Montpellier 1, UFR Medecine, 80, Av. Augustin Fliche, 34295 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - Dang-Nghiem Vo
- INSERM, U1183; Université de Montpellier 1, UFR Medecine, 80, Av. Augustin Fliche, 34295 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - Sana Belkhala
- INSERM, U1183; Université de Montpellier 1, UFR Medecine, 80, Av. Augustin Fliche, 34295 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - Stefania Orecchioni
- Laboratory of Hematology-Oncology, European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy
| | - Giovanna Talarico
- Laboratory of Hematology-Oncology, European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesco Bertolini
- Laboratory of Hematology-Oncology, European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy
| | - Guillaume Cartron
- Département d'Hématologie Clinique, CHU Montpellier, Université Montpellier I, 80 Av. Augustin Fliche, 34295 Montpellier, France
| | - Charles-Henri Lecellier
- Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier, University of Montpellier, France; Institut de Biologie Computationnelle, University of Montpellier, France
| | - Martin Villalba
- INSERM, U1183; Université de Montpellier 1, UFR Medecine, 80, Av. Augustin Fliche, 34295 Montpellier Cedex 5, France; Institute of Regenerative Medicine and Biotherapy (IRMB), CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, 34295, France.
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Krzywinska E, Allende-Vega N, Cornillon A, Vo DN, Cayrefourcq L, Panabieres C, Vilches C, Déchanet-Merville J, Hicheri Y, Rossi JF, Cartron G, Villalba M. Identification of Anti-tumor Cells Carrying Natural Killer (NK) Cell Antigens in Patients With Hematological Cancers. EBioMedicine 2015; 2:1364-76. [PMID: 26629531 PMCID: PMC4634619 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2015.08.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2015] [Revised: 08/11/2015] [Accepted: 08/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells, a cytotoxic lymphocyte lineage, are able to kill tumor cells in vitro and in mouse models. However, whether these cells display an anti-tumor activity in cancer patients has not been demonstrated. Here we have addressed this issue in patients with several hematological cancers. We found a population of highly activated CD56dimCD16+ NK cells that have recently degranulated, evidence of killing activity, and it is absent in healthy donors. A high percentage of these cells expressed natural killer cell p46-related protein (NKp46), natural-killer group 2, member D (NKG2D) and killer inhibitory receptors (KIRs) and a low percentage expressed NKG2A and CD94. They are also characterized by a high metabolic activity and active proliferation. Notably, we found that activated NK cells from hematological cancer patients have non-NK tumor cell antigens on their surface, evidence of trogocytosis during tumor cell killing. Finally, we found that these activated NK cells are distinguished by their CD45RA+RO+ phenotype, as opposed to non-activated cells in patients or in healthy donors displaying a CD45RA+RO− phenotype similar to naïve T cells. In summary, we show that CD45RA+RO+ cells, which resemble a unique NK population, have recognized tumor cells and degranulate in patients with hematological neoplasias. Expression of both CD45 isoforms RA and RO identifies anti-leukemia NK cells. Anti-leukemia NK cells proliferate, degranulate and perform trogocytosis in vivo. The presence of CD45RARO population identifies hematological cancer patients.
NK cells are thought to have an intrinsic anti-tumor activity. However, the presence of anti-leukemia NK cells in patients is unknown. We present a relatively simple protocol to identify and characterize them. This is based on differential protein expression and on the fact that they gain tumor cell proteins by the process of trogocytosis. These phenotypic differences should be taken into account in analysis to identify different NK cell subpopulations. Hence, NK cells are actively recognizing tumor cells in leukemia patients; but this seems to be insufficient to eradicate disease. Future efforts should enhance the antitumor activity of this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewelina Krzywinska
- INSERM U1183, Université de Montpellier, UFR Médecine, Montpellier, France
| | - Nerea Allende-Vega
- INSERM U1183, Université de Montpellier, UFR Médecine, Montpellier, France
| | - Amelie Cornillon
- INSERM U1183, Université de Montpellier, UFR Médecine, Montpellier, France
| | - Dang-Nghiem Vo
- INSERM U1183, Université de Montpellier, UFR Médecine, Montpellier, France
| | - Laure Cayrefourcq
- Laboratory of Rare Human Circulating Cells (LCCRH), Department of Cellular and Tissular Biopathology of Tumors, University Medical Centre, Montpellier, France ; EA2415 - Help for Personalized Decision: Methodological Aspects, University Institute of Clinical Research, Montpellier University, Montpellier, France
| | - Catherine Panabieres
- Laboratory of Rare Human Circulating Cells (LCCRH), Department of Cellular and Tissular Biopathology of Tumors, University Medical Centre, Montpellier, France ; EA2415 - Help for Personalized Decision: Methodological Aspects, University Institute of Clinical Research, Montpellier University, Montpellier, France
| | - Carlos Vilches
- Inmunogenética-HLA, Hospital Univ. Puerta de Hierro, Manuel de Falla 1, 28220 Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Yosr Hicheri
- Département d'Hématologie Clinique, CHU Montpellier, Université Montpellier, 80 Avenue Augustin Fliche, 34295 Montpellier, France
| | - Jean-François Rossi
- Département d'Hématologie Clinique, CHU Montpellier, Université Montpellier, 80 Avenue Augustin Fliche, 34295 Montpellier, France
| | - Guillaume Cartron
- Département d'Hématologie Clinique, CHU Montpellier, Université Montpellier, 80 Avenue Augustin Fliche, 34295 Montpellier, France
| | - Martin Villalba
- INSERM U1183, Université de Montpellier, UFR Médecine, Montpellier, France ; Institut for Regenerative Medicine and Biotherapy (IRMB), CHU Montpellier, Montpellier 34295, France
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