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Lu ZH, Liu C, Chen YJ, Chen YJ, Lei XN, Cai LJ, Zhou HX, Chang H, Zhu M, Wang YX, Zhang J. Gestational Exposure to PM 2.5 and Specific Constituents, Meconium Metabolites, and Neonatal Neurobehavioral Development: A Cohort Study. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2024; 58:9980-9990. [PMID: 38819024 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.4c00074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
Exposure to fine particulate matter (PM2.5) during pregnancy has been inversely associated with neonatal neurological development. However, the associations of exposure to specific PM2.5 constituents with neonatal neurological development remain unclear. We investigated these associations and examined the mediating role of meconium metabolites in a Chinese birth cohort consisting of 294 mother-infant pairs. Our results revealed that exposure to PM2.5 and its specific constituents (i.e., organic matter, black carbon, sulfate, nitrate, and ammonium) in the second trimester, but not in the first or third trimester, was inversely associated with the total neonatal behavioral neurological assessment (NBNA) scores. The PM2.5 constituent mixture in the second trimester was also inversely associated with NBNA scores, and sulfate was identified as the largest contributor. Furthermore, meconium metabolome analysis identified four metabolites, namely, threonine, lysine, leucine, and saccharopine, that were associated with both PM2.5 constituents and NBNA scores. Threonine was identified as an important mediator, accounting for a considerable proportion (14.53-15.33%) of the observed inverse associations. Our findings suggest that maternal exposure to PM2.5 and specific constituents may adversely affect neonatal behavioral development, in which meconium metabolites may play a mediating role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhong-Hua Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Vaccines for Infectious Diseases, Xiang An Biomedicine Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, National Innovation Platform for Industry-Education Integration in Vaccine Research, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Chong Liu
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Yu-Jie Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Vaccines for Infectious Diseases, Xiang An Biomedicine Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, National Innovation Platform for Industry-Education Integration in Vaccine Research, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Ying-Jun Chen
- School of Public Health, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 523808, China
| | - Xiao-Ning Lei
- Department of Nutrition and Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Li-Jing Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Vaccines for Infectious Diseases, Xiang An Biomedicine Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, National Innovation Platform for Industry-Education Integration in Vaccine Research, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Hai-Xia Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Vaccines for Infectious Diseases, Xiang An Biomedicine Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, National Innovation Platform for Industry-Education Integration in Vaccine Research, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Hao Chang
- State Key Laboratory of Vaccines for Infectious Diseases, Xiang An Biomedicine Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, National Innovation Platform for Industry-Education Integration in Vaccine Research, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Miao Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Vaccines for Infectious Diseases, Xiang An Biomedicine Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, National Innovation Platform for Industry-Education Integration in Vaccine Research, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Yi-Xin Wang
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
- Department of Nutrition and Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Jie Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Vaccines for Infectious Diseases, Xiang An Biomedicine Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, National Innovation Platform for Industry-Education Integration in Vaccine Research, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
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2
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Mao S, Xie C, Liu Y, Zhao Y, Li M, Gao H, Xiao Y, Zou Y, Zheng Z, Gao Y, Xie J, Tian B, Wang L, Hua Y, Xu H. Apurinic/apyrimidinic endodeoxyribonuclease 1 (APE1) promotes stress granule formation via YBX1 phosphorylation in ovarian cancer. Cell Mol Life Sci 2024; 81:113. [PMID: 38436697 PMCID: PMC10912283 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-023-05086-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
APE1 is an essential gene involved in DNA damage repair, the redox regulation of transcriptional factors (TFs) and RNA processing. APE1 overexpression is common in cancers and correlates with poor patient survival. Stress granules (SGs) are phase-separated cytoplasmic assemblies that cells form in response to environmental stresses. Precise regulation of SGs is pivotal to cell survival, whereas their dysregulation is increasingly linked to diseases. Whether APE1 engages in modulating SG dynamics is worthy of investigation. In this study, we demonstrate that APE1 colocalizes with SGs and promotes their formation. Through phosphoproteome profiling, we discover that APE1 significantly alters the phosphorylation landscape of ovarian cancer cells, particularly the phosphoprofile of SG proteins. Notably, APE1 promotes the phosphorylation of Y-Box binding protein 1 (YBX1) at S174 and S176, leading to enhanced SG formation and cell survival. Moreover, expression of the phosphomutant YBX1 S174/176E mimicking hyperphosphorylation in APE1-knockdown cells recovered the impaired SG formation. These findings shed light on the functional importance of APE1 in SG regulation and highlight the importance of YBX1 phosphorylation in SG dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuyu Mao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis and Protection, Institute of Biophysics, College of Life Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chong Xie
- Institute for Cancer Research, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, 518107, China
- Department of Cancer Center, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yufeng Liu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis and Protection, Institute of Biophysics, College of Life Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ye Zhao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis and Protection, Institute of Biophysics, College of Life Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Mengxia Li
- The Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Institute of Basic Medicine and Cancer (IBMC), Chinses Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Han Gao
- The Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Institute of Basic Medicine and Cancer (IBMC), Chinses Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yue Xiao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis and Protection, Institute of Biophysics, College of Life Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yongkang Zou
- Department of Cancer Center, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhiguo Zheng
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Ya Gao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis and Protection, Institute of Biophysics, College of Life Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Juan Xie
- Department of Cancer Center, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Bing Tian
- MOE Key Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis and Protection, Institute of Biophysics, College of Life Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Liangyan Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis and Protection, Institute of Biophysics, College of Life Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yuejin Hua
- MOE Key Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis and Protection, Institute of Biophysics, College of Life Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Hong Xu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis and Protection, Institute of Biophysics, College of Life Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
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3
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Lin N, Sun L, Chai J, Qi H, Zhao Y, Ma J, Xia M, Hu X. Stress granules affect the dual PI3K/mTOR inhibitor response by regulating the mitochondrial unfolded protein response. Cancer Cell Int 2024; 24:38. [PMID: 38238825 PMCID: PMC10795350 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-024-03210-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Drug resistance remains a challenge in ovarian cancer. In addition to aberrant activation of relevant signaling pathways, the adaptive stress response is emerging as a new spotlight of drug resistance in cancer cells. Stress granules (SGs) are one of the most important features of the adaptive stress response, and there is increasing evidence that SGs promote drug resistance in cancer cells. In the present study, we compared two types of ovarian cancer cells, A2780 and SKOV3, using the dual PI3K/mTOR inhibitor, PKI-402. We found that SGs were formed and SGs could intercept the signaling factor ATF5 and regulate the mitochondrial unfolded protein response (UPRmt) in A2780 cells. Therefore, exploring the network formed between SGs and membrane-bound organelles, such as mitochondria, which may provide a new insight into the mechanisms of antitumor drug functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Lin
- First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
- Department of Pathophysiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Liankun Sun
- Department of Pathophysiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Jiannan Chai
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Hang Qi
- Department of Pathophysiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Yuanxin Zhao
- Department of Pathophysiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Jiaoyan Ma
- Department of Pathophysiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Meihui Xia
- Department of Obstetrics, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Xiaoqing Hu
- Department of Ophthalmology, First Hospital of Jilin University, 130021, Changchun, China.
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Podszywalow-Bartnicka P, Neugebauer KM. Multiple roles for AU-rich RNA binding proteins in the development of haematologic malignancies and their resistance to chemotherapy. RNA Biol 2024; 21:1-17. [PMID: 38798162 PMCID: PMC11135835 DOI: 10.1080/15476286.2024.2346688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Post-transcriptional regulation by RNA binding proteins can determine gene expression levels and drive changes in cancer cell proteomes. Identifying mechanisms of protein-RNA binding, including preferred sequence motifs bound in vivo, provides insights into protein-RNA networks and how they impact mRNA structure, function, and stability. In this review, we will focus on proteins that bind to AU-rich elements (AREs) in nascent or mature mRNA where they play roles in response to stresses encountered by cancer cells. ARE-binding proteins (ARE-BPs) specifically impact alternative splicing, stability, decay and translation, and formation of RNA-rich biomolecular condensates like cytoplasmic stress granules (SGs). For example, recent findings highlight the role of ARE-BPs - like TIAR and HUR - in chemotherapy resistance and in translational regulation of mRNAs encoding pro-inflammatory cytokines. We will discuss emerging evidence that different modes of ARE-BP activity impact leukaemia and lymphoma development, progression, adaptation to microenvironment and chemotherapy resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulina Podszywalow-Bartnicka
- Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Karla M. Neugebauer
- Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
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Kim G, Lee J, Ha J, Kang I, Choe W. Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress and Its Impact on Adipogenesis: Molecular Mechanisms Implicated. Nutrients 2023; 15:5082. [PMID: 38140341 PMCID: PMC10745682 DOI: 10.3390/nu15245082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress plays a pivotal role in adipogenesis, which encompasses the differentiation of adipocytes and lipid accumulation. Sustained ER stress has the potential to disrupt the signaling of the unfolded protein response (UPR), thereby influencing adipogenesis. This comprehensive review illuminates the molecular mechanisms that underpin the interplay between ER stress and adipogenesis. We delve into the dysregulation of UPR pathways, namely, IRE1-XBP1, PERK and ATF6 in relation to adipocyte differentiation, lipid metabolism, and tissue inflammation. Moreover, we scrutinize how ER stress impacts key adipogenic transcription factors such as proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) and CCAAT-enhancer-binding proteins (C/EBPs) along with their interaction with other signaling pathways. The cellular ramifications include alterations in lipid metabolism, dysregulation of adipokines, and aged adipose tissue inflammation. We also discuss the potential roles the molecular chaperones cyclophilin A and cyclophilin B play in adipogenesis. By shedding light on the intricate relationship between ER stress and adipogenesis, this review paves the way for devising innovative therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gyuhui Kim
- Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea; (G.K.); (J.H.); (I.K.)
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiyoon Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, Franklin College of Arts and Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30609, USA;
| | - Joohun Ha
- Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea; (G.K.); (J.H.); (I.K.)
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Insug Kang
- Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea; (G.K.); (J.H.); (I.K.)
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Wonchae Choe
- Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea; (G.K.); (J.H.); (I.K.)
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
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Tan JX, Finkel T. Lysosomes in senescence and aging. EMBO Rep 2023; 24:e57265. [PMID: 37811693 PMCID: PMC10626421 DOI: 10.15252/embr.202357265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Dysfunction of lysosomes, the primary hydrolytic organelles in animal cells, is frequently associated with aging and age-related diseases. At the cellular level, lysosomal dysfunction is strongly linked to cellular senescence or the induction of cell death pathways. However, the precise mechanisms by which lysosomal dysfunction participates in these various cellular or organismal phenotypes have remained elusive. The ability of lysosomes to degrade diverse macromolecules including damaged proteins and organelles puts lysosomes at the center of multiple cellular stress responses. Lysosomal activity is tightly regulated by many coordinated cellular processes including pathways that function inside and outside of the organelle. Here, we collectively classify these coordinated pathways as the lysosomal processing and adaptation system (LYPAS). We review evidence that the LYPAS is upregulated by diverse cellular stresses, its adaptability regulates senescence and cell death decisions, and it can form the basis for therapeutic manipulation for a wide range of age-related diseases and potentially for aging itself.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jay Xiaojun Tan
- Aging InstituteUniversity of Pittsburgh School of Medicine/University of Pittsburgh Medical CenterPittsburghPAUSA
- Department of Cell BiologyUniversity of Pittsburgh School of MedicinePittsburghPAUSA
| | - Toren Finkel
- Aging InstituteUniversity of Pittsburgh School of Medicine/University of Pittsburgh Medical CenterPittsburghPAUSA
- Department of MedicineUniversity of Pittsburgh School of MedicinePittsburghPAUSA
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Fallone L, Walzer T, Marçais A. Signaling Pathways Leading to mTOR Activation Downstream Cytokine Receptors in Lymphocytes in Health and Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12736. [PMID: 37628917 PMCID: PMC10454121 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241612736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
CD8+ T cells and Natural Killer (NK) cells are cytotoxic lymphocytes important in the response to intracellular pathogens and cancer. Their activity depends on the integration of a large set of intracellular and environmental cues, including antigenic signals, cytokine stimulation and nutrient availability. This integration is achieved by signaling hubs, such as the mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR). mTOR is a conserved protein kinase that controls cellular growth and metabolism in eukaryotic cells and, therefore, is essential for lymphocyte development and maturation. However, our current understanding of mTOR signaling comes mostly from studies performed in transformed cell lines, which constitute a poor model for comprehending metabolic pathway regulation. Therefore, it is only quite recently that the regulation of mTOR in primary cells has been assessed. Here, we review the signaling pathways leading to mTOR activation in CD8+ T and NK cells, focusing on activation by cytokines. We also discuss how this knowledge can contribute to immunotherapy development, particularly for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Antoine Marçais
- CIRI—Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie (Team Lyacts), Inserm, U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, ENS de Lyon, F-69007 Lyon, France; (L.F.); (T.W.)
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Warrier S, Srinivasan S, Chedere A, Rangarajan A. Inhibition of protein translation under matrix-deprivation stress in breast cancer cells. Front Med (Lausanne) 2023; 10:1124514. [PMID: 37425300 PMCID: PMC10324034 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1124514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Matrix-deprivation stress leads to cell-death by anoikis, whereas overcoming anoikis is critical for cancer metastasis. Work from our lab and others has identified a crucial role for the cellular energy sensor AMPK in anoikis-resistance, highlighting a key role for metabolic reprogramming in stress survival. Protein synthesis is a major energy-consuming process that is tightly regulated under stress. Although an increase in protein synthesis in AMPK-depleted experimentally-transformed MEFs has been associated with anoikis, the status and regulation of protein translation in epithelial-origin cancer cells facing matrix-detachment remains largely unknown. Our study shows that protein translation is mechanistically abrogated at both initiation and elongation stages by the activation of the unfolded protein response (UPR) pathway and inactivation of elongation factor eEF2, respectively. Additionally, we show inhibition of the mTORC1 pathway known for regulation of canonical protein synthesis. We further functionally assay this inhibition using SUnSET assay, which demonstrates repression of global protein synthesis in MDA-MB-231 and MCF7 breast cancer cells when subjected to matrix-deprivation. In order to gauge the translational status of matrix-deprived cancer cells, we undertook polysome profiling. Our data revealed reduced but continuous mRNA translation under matrix-deprivation stress. An integrated analysis of transcriptomic and proteomic data further identifies novel targets that may aid cellular adaptations to matrix-deprivation stress and can be explored for therapeutic intervention.
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Knowles AA, Campbell SG, Cross NA, Stafford P. Dysregulation of Stress-Induced Translational Control by Porphyromonas gingivalis in Host Cells. Microorganisms 2023; 11:microorganisms11030606. [PMID: 36985180 PMCID: PMC10057856 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11030606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Revised: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Porphyromonas gingivalis contributes to the chronic oral disease periodontitis, triggering the activation of host inflammatory responses, inducing cellular stresses such as oxidation. During stress, host cells can activate the Integrated Stress Response (ISR), a pathway which determines cellular fate, by either downregulating protein synthesis and initiating a stress–response gene expression program, or by initiating programmed cell death. Recent studies have implicated the ISR within both host antimicrobial defenses and the pathomechanism of certain microbes. In this study, using a combination of immunofluorescence confocal microscopy and immunoblotting, the molecular mechanisms by which P. gingivalis infection alters translation attenuation during oxidative stress-induced activation of the ISR in oral epithelial cells were investigated. P. gingivalis infection alone did not result in ISR activation. In contrast, infection coupled with stress caused differential stress granule formation and composition. Infection heightened stress-induced translational repression independently of core ISR mediators. Heightened translational repression during stress was observed with both P. gingivalis–conditioned media and outer membrane vesicles, implicating a secretory factor in this exacerbated translational repression. The effects of gingipain inhibitors and gingipain-deficient P. gingivalis mutants confirmed these pathogen-specific proteases as the effector of exacerbated translational repression. Gingipains are known to degrade the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) and the findings of this study implicate the gingipain-mTOR axis as the effector of host translational dysregulation during stress.
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Gilthead Seabream Liver Integrative Proteomics and Metabolomics Analysis Reveals Regulation by Different Prosurvival Pathways in the Metabolic Adaptation to Stress. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232315395. [PMID: 36499720 PMCID: PMC9741202 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232315395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 12/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The study of the molecular mechanisms of stress appraisal on farmed fish is paramount to ensuring a sustainable aquaculture. Stress exposure can either culminate in the organism's adaptation or aggravate into a metabolic shutdown, characterized by irreversible cellular damage and deleterious effects on fish performance, welfare, and survival. Multiomics can improve our understanding of the complex stressed phenotype in fish and the molecular mediators that regulate the underlying processes of the molecular stress response. We profiled the stress proteome and metabolome of Sparus aurata responding to different challenges common to aquaculture production, characterizing the disturbed pathways in the fish liver, i.e., the central organ in mounting the stress response. Label-free shotgun proteomics and untargeted metabolomics analyses identified 1738 proteins and 120 metabolites, separately. Mass spectrometry data have been made fully accessible via ProteomeXchange, with the identifier PXD036392, and via MetaboLights, with the identifier MTBLS5940. Integrative multivariate statistical analysis, performed with data integration analysis for biomarker discovery using latent components (DIABLO), depicted the 10 most-relevant features. Functional analysis of these selected features revealed an intricate network of regulatory components, modulating different signaling pathways related to cellular stress, e.g., the mTORC1 pathway, the unfolded protein response, endocytosis, and autophagy to different extents according to the stress nature. These results shed light on the dynamics and extent of this species' metabolic reprogramming under chronic stress, supporting future studies on stress markers' discovery and fish welfare research.
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Chen W, Yasen M, Wang H, Zhuang C, Wang Z, Lu S, Jiang L, Lin H. Celecoxib activates autophagy by inhibiting the mTOR signaling pathway and prevents apoptosis in nucleus pulposus cells. BMC Pharmacol Toxicol 2022; 23:90. [PMID: 36457130 PMCID: PMC9714067 DOI: 10.1186/s40360-022-00633-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intervertebral disc degeneration results from a variety of etiologies, including inflammation and aging. Degenerated intervertebral discs feature down-regulated extracellular matrix synthesis, resulting in losing their ability to retain water and absorb compression. Celecoxib is a well-known selective cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor for treating arthritis and relieving pain. Nevertheless, the mechanism of Celecoxib for treating inflammation-related intervertebral disc degeneration has not yet been clarified. METHOD Protein synthesis was analyzed by western blot. Fluorescent probes DCFH-DA and MitoSox Red detected reactive oxygen species and were measured by flow cytometry. The activity of the kinase pathway was evaluated by protein phosphorylation. Autophagy was monitored by mRFP-GFP-LC3 transfection and LC3 analysis. Mitochondrial apoptotic proteins were analyzed by western blot and cell membrane integrity was measured by flow cytometry. The autophagic gene was silenced by siRNA. RESULTS In this study, interleukin-1β stimulation reduced the synthesis of aggrecan, type I and II collagen and caused excessive production of reactive oxygen species. We looked for a therapeutic window of Celecoxib for nucleus pulposus cells to regain extracellular matrix synthesis and reduce oxidative stress. To look into nucleus pulposus cells in response to stimuli, enhancement of autophagy was achieved by Celecoxib, confirmed by mRFP-GFP-LC3 transfection and LC3 analysis. The mammalian target of rapamycin and a panel of downstream proteins responded to Celecoxib and propelled autophagy machinery to stabilize homeostasis. Ultimately, inhibition of autophagy by silencing autophagy protein 5 disrupted the protective effects of Celecoxib, culminating in apoptosis. CONCLUSION In summary, we have demonstrated a new use for the old drug Celecoxib that treats intervertebral disc degeneration by enhancing autophagy in nucleus pulposus cells and opening a door for treating other degenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weisin Chen
- grid.413087.90000 0004 1755 3939Department of Orthopaedics, Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road/1609 Xietu Road, 200032 Shanghai, China
| | - Miersalijiang Yasen
- grid.413087.90000 0004 1755 3939Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital Xiamen Branch, Fudan University, 668 Jinhu Rd, District of Huli, Fujian 361015 Xiamen, China
| | - Hanquan Wang
- grid.413087.90000 0004 1755 3939Department of Orthopaedics, Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road/1609 Xietu Road, 200032 Shanghai, China
| | - Chenyang Zhuang
- grid.413087.90000 0004 1755 3939Department of Orthopaedics, Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road/1609 Xietu Road, 200032 Shanghai, China ,grid.8547.e0000 0001 0125 2443Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Geriatric Medical Centre, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zixiang Wang
- grid.413087.90000 0004 1755 3939Department of Orthopaedics, Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road/1609 Xietu Road, 200032 Shanghai, China
| | - Shunyi Lu
- grid.413087.90000 0004 1755 3939Department of Orthopaedics, Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road/1609 Xietu Road, 200032 Shanghai, China
| | - Libo Jiang
- grid.413087.90000 0004 1755 3939Department of Orthopaedics, Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road/1609 Xietu Road, 200032 Shanghai, China
| | - Hong Lin
- grid.413087.90000 0004 1755 3939Department of Orthopaedics, Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road/1609 Xietu Road, 200032 Shanghai, China ,grid.8547.e0000 0001 0125 2443Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Geriatric Medical Centre, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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12
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Chen W, Yasen M, Wang H, Zhuang C, Wang Z, Lu S, Jiang L, Lin H. Celecoxib activates autophagy by inhibiting the mTOR signaling pathway and prevents apoptosis in nucleus pulposus cells. BMC Pharmacol Toxicol 2022. [PMID: 36457130 DOI: 10.1186/s40360-022-00633-y/figures/6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intervertebral disc degeneration results from a variety of etiologies, including inflammation and aging. Degenerated intervertebral discs feature down-regulated extracellular matrix synthesis, resulting in losing their ability to retain water and absorb compression. Celecoxib is a well-known selective cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor for treating arthritis and relieving pain. Nevertheless, the mechanism of Celecoxib for treating inflammation-related intervertebral disc degeneration has not yet been clarified. METHOD Protein synthesis was analyzed by western blot. Fluorescent probes DCFH-DA and MitoSox Red detected reactive oxygen species and were measured by flow cytometry. The activity of the kinase pathway was evaluated by protein phosphorylation. Autophagy was monitored by mRFP-GFP-LC3 transfection and LC3 analysis. Mitochondrial apoptotic proteins were analyzed by western blot and cell membrane integrity was measured by flow cytometry. The autophagic gene was silenced by siRNA. RESULTS In this study, interleukin-1β stimulation reduced the synthesis of aggrecan, type I and II collagen and caused excessive production of reactive oxygen species. We looked for a therapeutic window of Celecoxib for nucleus pulposus cells to regain extracellular matrix synthesis and reduce oxidative stress. To look into nucleus pulposus cells in response to stimuli, enhancement of autophagy was achieved by Celecoxib, confirmed by mRFP-GFP-LC3 transfection and LC3 analysis. The mammalian target of rapamycin and a panel of downstream proteins responded to Celecoxib and propelled autophagy machinery to stabilize homeostasis. Ultimately, inhibition of autophagy by silencing autophagy protein 5 disrupted the protective effects of Celecoxib, culminating in apoptosis. CONCLUSION In summary, we have demonstrated a new use for the old drug Celecoxib that treats intervertebral disc degeneration by enhancing autophagy in nucleus pulposus cells and opening a door for treating other degenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weisin Chen
- Department of Orthopaedics, Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road/1609 Xietu Road, 200032, Shanghai, China
| | - Miersalijiang Yasen
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital Xiamen Branch, Fudan University, 668 Jinhu Rd, District of Huli, Fujian, 361015, Xiamen, China
| | - Hanquan Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road/1609 Xietu Road, 200032, Shanghai, China
| | - Chenyang Zhuang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road/1609 Xietu Road, 200032, Shanghai, China
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Geriatric Medical Centre, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zixiang Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road/1609 Xietu Road, 200032, Shanghai, China
| | - Shunyi Lu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road/1609 Xietu Road, 200032, Shanghai, China
| | - Libo Jiang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road/1609 Xietu Road, 200032, Shanghai, China.
| | - Hong Lin
- Department of Orthopaedics, Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road/1609 Xietu Road, 200032, Shanghai, China.
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Geriatric Medical Centre, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
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13
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Wassie T, Duan X, Xie C, Wang R, Wu X. Dietary Enteromorpha polysaccharide-Zn supplementation regulates amino acid and fatty acid metabolism by improving the antioxidant activity in chicken. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2022; 13:18. [PMID: 35074004 PMCID: PMC8785591 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-021-00648-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Enteromorpha prolifera (E. prolifera) polysaccharide has become a promising feed additive with a variety of physiological activities, such as anti-oxidant, anti-cancer, anti-diabetic, immunomodulatory, hypolipidemic, and cation chelating ability. However, whether Enteromorpha polysaccharide-trace element complex supplementation regulates amino acid and fatty acid metabolism in chicken is largely unknown. This study was conducted to investigate the effects of E. prolifera polysaccharide (EP)-Zn supplementation on growth performance, amino acid, and fatty acid metabolism in chicken. Methods A total of 184 one-day-old Ross-308 broiler chickens were randomly divided into two treatment groups with 8 replicates, 12 chickens per replicate, and fed either the basal diet (control group) or basal diet plus E. prolifera polysaccharide-Zinc (400 mg EP-Zn/kg diet). Results Dietary EP-Zn supplementation significantly increased (P < 0.05) the body weight, average daily gain, muscle antioxidant activity, serum HDL level, and reduced serum TG and LDL concentration. In addition, dietary EP-Zn supplementation could modulate ileal amino acid digestibility and upregulate the mRNA expression of amino acid transporter genes in the jejunum, ileum, breast muscle, and liver tissues (P < 0.05). Compared with the control group, breast meat from chickens fed EP-Zn had higher (P < 0.05) Pro and Asp content, and lower (P < 0.05) Val, Phe, Gly, and Cys free amino acid content. Furthermore, EP-Zn supplementation upregulated (P < 0.05) the mRNA expressions of mTOR and anti-oxidant related genes, while down-regulated protein degradation related genes in the breast muscle. Breast meat from EP-Zn supplemented group had significantly lower (P < 0.05) proportions of Σn-3 PUFA, and a higher percentage of Σn-6 PUFA and the ratio of n-6/n-3 PUFA. Besides, EP-Zn supplementation regulated lipid metabolism by inhibiting the gene expression of key enzymes involved in the fatty acid synthesis and activating genes that participated in fatty acid oxidation in the liver tissue. Conclusions It is concluded that EP-Zn complex supplementation regulates apparent ileal amino acid digestibility, enhances amino acid metabolism, and decreases oxidative stress-associated protein breakdown, thereby improving the growth performance. Furthermore, it promotes fatty acid oxidation and restrains fat synthesis through modulating lipid metabolism-related gene expression. Graphical abstract ![]()
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14
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Mehri M, Gheitasi R, Pourbagher R, Ranaee M, Nayeri K, Rahimi SM, Khorasani HR, Hossein-Nattaj H, Sabour D, Akhavan-Niaki H, Fattahi S, Kalali B, Mostafazadeh A. Ninety-six-hour starved peripheral blood mononuclear cell supernatant inhibited LA7 breast cancer stem cells induced tumor via reduction in angiogenesis and alternations in Gch1 and Spr expressions. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1025933. [PMID: 36908807 PMCID: PMC9996193 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1025933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The microenvironment of solid tumors such as breast cancer is heterogeneous and complex, containing different types of cell, namely, cancer stem cells and immune cells. We previously reported the immunoregulatory behavior of the human immune cell in a solid tumor microenvironment-like culture under serum starvation stress for 96 h. Here, we examined the effect of this culture-derived solution on breast cancer development in rats. Method Ninety-six-hour starved PBMCs supernatant (96 h-SPS) was collected after culturing human PBMCs for 96 h under serum starvation condition. Breast cancer stem cells, LA7 cell line, was used for in vitro study by analyzing gene expression status and performing cytotoxicity, proliferation, scratch wound healing assays, followed by in vivo tumor induction in three groups of mature female Sprague Dawley rats. Animals were treated with 96 h-SPS or RPMI and normal saline as control, n = 6 for each group. After biochemical analysis of iron, lactate, and pH levels in the dissected tumors, Ki67 antigen expression, angiogenesis, and necrosis evaluation were carried out. Metabolic-related gene expression was assessed using RT-qPCR. Moreover, 96 h-SPS composition was discovered by Nano-LC-ESI-MS/MS. Results 96 h-SPS solution reduced the LA7 cell viability, proliferation, and migration and Gch1 and Spr genes expression in vitro (p< 0.05), whereas stemness gene Oct4 was upregulated (p< 0.01). The intracellular lactate was significantly decreased in the 96 h-SPS treated group (p = 0.007). In this group, Gch1 and Spr were significantly downregulated (p< 0.05), whereas the Sox2 and Oct4 expression was not changed significantly. The number of vessels and mitosis (Ki67+ cells) in the 96 h-SPS-treated group was significantly reduced (p = 0.024). The increased rate of necrosis in this group was statistically significant (p = 0.04). Last, proteomics analysis revealed candidate effectors' components of 96 h-SPS solution. Conclusion 96 h-SPS solution may help to prevent cancer stem cell mediated tumor development. This phenomenon could be mediated through direct cytotoxic effects, inhibition of cell proliferation and migration in association with reduction in Gch1 and Spr genes expression, angiogenesis and mitosis rate, and necrosis augmentation. The preliminary data obtained from the present study need to be investigated on a larger scale and can be used as a pilot for further studies on the biology of cancer development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Mehri
- Student Research Committee, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Reza Gheitasi
- Institute of Infectious Diseases and Infection Control, Jena University Hospital/Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, Germany
| | - Roghayeh Pourbagher
- Student Research Committee, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran.,Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Mohammad Ranaee
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Kosar Nayeri
- Student Research Committee, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Seyed Mostafa Rahimi
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Hamid Reza Khorasani
- Department of Cancer Medicine, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research (ACECR), Babol, Iran.,Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research (ACECR), Tehran, Iran
| | - Hadi Hossein-Nattaj
- Immunology Department, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Davood Sabour
- Department of Cancer Medicine, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research (ACECR), Babol, Iran.,Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research (ACECR), Tehran, Iran.,Department of Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Haleh Akhavan-Niaki
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Sadegh Fattahi
- North Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Amol, Iran
| | - Behnam Kalali
- Department of Medicine II, Klinikum Grosshadern, Ludwig Maximilian University (LMU) University, Munich, Germany
| | - Amrollah Mostafazadeh
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
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15
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Rehbein U, Prentzell MT, Cadena Sandoval M, Heberle AM, Henske EP, Opitz CA, Thedieck K. The TSC Complex-mTORC1 Axis: From Lysosomes to Stress Granules and Back. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:751892. [PMID: 34778262 PMCID: PMC8586448 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.751892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The tuberous sclerosis protein complex (TSC complex) is a key integrator of metabolic signals and cellular stress. In response to nutrient shortage and stresses, the TSC complex inhibits the mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) at the lysosomes. mTORC1 is also inhibited by stress granules (SGs), RNA-protein assemblies that dissociate mTORC1. The mechanisms of lysosome and SG recruitment of mTORC1 are well studied. In contrast, molecular details on lysosomal recruitment of the TSC complex have emerged only recently. The TSC complex subunit 1 (TSC1) binds lysosomes via phosphatidylinositol-3,5-bisphosphate [PI(3,5)P2]. The SG assembly factors 1 and 2 (G3BP1/2) have an unexpected lysosomal function in recruiting TSC2 when SGs are absent. In addition, high density lipoprotein binding protein (HDLBP, also named Vigilin) recruits TSC2 to SGs under stress. In this mini-review, we integrate the molecular mechanisms of lysosome and SG recruitment of the TSC complex. We discuss their interplay in the context of cell proliferation and migration in cancer and in the clinical manifestations of tuberous sclerosis complex disease (TSC) and lymphangioleiomyomatosis (LAM).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulrike Rehbein
- Laboratory for Metabolic Signaling, Institute of Biochemistry, Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Mirja Tamara Prentzell
- Brain Cancer Metabolism Group, German Consortium of Translational Cancer Research (DKTK) & German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Faculty of Bioscience, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Marti Cadena Sandoval
- Laboratory for Metabolic Signaling, Institute of Biochemistry, Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
- Section Systems Medicine of Metabolism and Signaling, Department of Pediatrics, University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Alexander Martin Heberle
- Laboratory for Metabolic Signaling, Institute of Biochemistry, Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
- Section Systems Medicine of Metabolism and Signaling, Department of Pediatrics, University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Elizabeth P. Henske
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Christiane A. Opitz
- Brain Cancer Metabolism Group, German Consortium of Translational Cancer Research (DKTK) & German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Neurology, National Center for Tumor Diseases, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Kathrin Thedieck
- Laboratory for Metabolic Signaling, Institute of Biochemistry, Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
- Section Systems Medicine of Metabolism and Signaling, Department of Pediatrics, University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
- Department for Neuroscience, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Carl von Ossietzky University Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany
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16
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Cadena Sandoval M, Heberle AM, Rehbein U, Barile C, Ramos Pittol JM, Thedieck K. mTORC1 Crosstalk With Stress Granules in Aging and Age-Related Diseases. FRONTIERS IN AGING 2021; 2:761333. [PMID: 35822040 PMCID: PMC9261333 DOI: 10.3389/fragi.2021.761333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) kinase is a master regulator of metabolism and aging. A complex signaling network converges on mTORC1 and integrates growth factor, nutrient and stress signals. Aging is a dynamic process characterized by declining cellular survival, renewal, and fertility. Stressors elicited by aging hallmarks such as mitochondrial malfunction, loss of proteostasis, genomic instability and telomere shortening impinge on mTORC1 thereby contributing to age-related processes. Stress granules (SGs) constitute a cytoplasmic non-membranous compartment formed by RNA-protein aggregates, which control RNA metabolism, signaling, and survival under stress. Increasing evidence reveals complex crosstalk between the mTORC1 network and SGs. In this review, we cover stressors elicited by aging hallmarks that impinge on mTORC1 and SGs. We discuss their interplay, and we highlight possible links in the context of aging and age-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marti Cadena Sandoval
- Institute of Biochemistry and Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
- Laboratory of Pediatrics, Section Systems Medicine of Metabolism and Signaling, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Alexander Martin Heberle
- Institute of Biochemistry and Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
- Laboratory of Pediatrics, Section Systems Medicine of Metabolism and Signaling, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Ulrike Rehbein
- Institute of Biochemistry and Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Cecilia Barile
- Institute of Biochemistry and Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - José Miguel Ramos Pittol
- Institute of Biochemistry and Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Kathrin Thedieck
- Institute of Biochemistry and Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
- Laboratory of Pediatrics, Section Systems Medicine of Metabolism and Signaling, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
- Department for Neuroscience, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Carl von Ossietzky University Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany
- *Correspondence: Kathrin Thedieck, , ,
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17
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Gutierrez‐Beltran E, Elander PH, Dalman K, Dayhoff GW, Moschou PN, Uversky VN, Crespo JL, Bozhkov PV. Tudor staphylococcal nuclease is a docking platform for stress granule components and is essential for SnRK1 activation in Arabidopsis. EMBO J 2021; 40:e105043. [PMID: 34287990 PMCID: PMC8447601 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2020105043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Revised: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Tudor staphylococcal nuclease (TSN; also known as Tudor-SN, p100, or SND1) is a multifunctional, evolutionarily conserved regulator of gene expression, exhibiting cytoprotective activity in animals and plants and oncogenic activity in mammals. During stress, TSN stably associates with stress granules (SGs), in a poorly understood process. Here, we show that in the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana, TSN is an intrinsically disordered protein (IDP) acting as a scaffold for a large pool of other IDPs, enriched for conserved stress granule components as well as novel or plant-specific SG-localized proteins. While approximately 30% of TSN interactors are recruited to stress granules de novo upon stress perception, 70% form a protein-protein interaction network present before the onset of stress. Finally, we demonstrate that TSN and stress granule formation promote heat-induced activation of the evolutionarily conserved energy-sensing SNF1-related protein kinase 1 (SnRK1), the plant orthologue of mammalian AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK). Our results establish TSN as a docking platform for stress granule proteins, with an important role in stress signalling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilio Gutierrez‐Beltran
- Instituto de Bioquímica Vegetal y FotosíntesisConsejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)‐Universidad de SevillaSevillaSpain
- Departamento de Bioquímica Vegetal y Biología MolecularFacultad de BiologíaUniversidad de SevillaSevillaSpain
| | - Pernilla H Elander
- Department of Molecular SciencesUppsala BioCenterSwedish University of Agricultural Sciences and Linnean Center for Plant BiologyUppsalaSweden
| | - Kerstin Dalman
- Department of Molecular SciencesUppsala BioCenterSwedish University of Agricultural Sciences and Linnean Center for Plant BiologyUppsalaSweden
| | - Guy W Dayhoff
- Department of ChemistryCollege of Art and SciencesUniversity of South FloridaTampaFLUSA
| | - Panagiotis N Moschou
- Institute of Molecular Biology and BiotechnologyFoundation for Research and Technology ‐ HellasHeraklionGreece
- Department of Plant BiologyUppsala BioCenterSwedish University of Agricultural Sciences and Linnean Center for Plant BiologyUppsalaSweden
- Department of BiologyUniversity of CreteHeraklionGreece
| | - Vladimir N Uversky
- Department of Molecular Medicine and USF Health Byrd Alzheimer's Research Institute, Morsani College of MedicineUniversity of South FloridaTampaFLUSA
- Institute for Biological Instrumentation of the Russian Academy of SciencesFederal Research Center “Pushchino Scientific Center for Biological Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences”PushchinoRussia
| | - Jose L Crespo
- Instituto de Bioquímica Vegetal y FotosíntesisConsejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)‐Universidad de SevillaSevillaSpain
| | - Peter V Bozhkov
- Department of Molecular SciencesUppsala BioCenterSwedish University of Agricultural Sciences and Linnean Center for Plant BiologyUppsalaSweden
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18
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Ristic B, Harhaji-Trajkovic L, Bosnjak M, Dakic I, Mijatovic S, Trajkovic V. Modulation of Cancer Cell Autophagic Responses by Graphene-Based Nanomaterials: Molecular Mechanisms and Therapeutic Implications. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13164145. [PMID: 34439299 PMCID: PMC8392723 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13164145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2021] [Revised: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Graphene-based nanomaterials (GNM) are one-to-several carbon atom-thick flakes of graphite with at least one lateral dimension <100 nm. The unique electronic structure, high surface-to-volume ratio, and relatively low toxicity make GNM potentially useful in cancer treatment. GNM such as graphene, graphene oxide, graphene quantum dots, and graphene nanofibers are able to induce autophagy in cancer cells. During autophagy the cell digests its own components in organelles called lysosomes, which can either kill cancer cells or promote their survival, as well as influence the immune response against the tumor. However, a deeper understanding of GNM-autophagy interaction at the mechanistic and functional level is needed before these findings could be exploited to increase GNM effectiveness as cancer therapeutics and drug delivery systems. In this review, we analyze molecular mechanisms of GNM-mediated autophagy modulation and its possible implications for the use of GNM in cancer therapy. Abstract Graphene-based nanomaterials (GNM) are plausible candidates for cancer therapeutics and drug delivery systems. Pure graphene and graphene oxide nanoparticles, as well as graphene quantum dots and graphene nanofibers, were all able to trigger autophagy in cancer cells through both transcriptional and post-transcriptional mechanisms involving oxidative/endoplasmic reticulum stress, AMP-activated protein kinase, mechanistic target of rapamycin, mitogen-activated protein kinase, and Toll-like receptor signaling. This was often coupled with lysosomal dysfunction and subsequent blockade of autophagic flux, which additionally increased the accumulation of autophagy mediators that participated in apoptotic, necrotic, or necroptotic death of cancer cells and influenced the immune response against the tumor. In this review, we analyze molecular mechanisms and structure–activity relationships of GNM-mediated autophagy modulation, its consequences for cancer cell survival/death and anti-tumor immune response, and the possible implications for the use of GNM in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biljana Ristic
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (B.R.); (I.D.)
| | - Ljubica Harhaji-Trajkovic
- Department of Neurophysiology, Institute for Biological Research “Sinisa Stankovic”, National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, 11060 Belgrade, Serbia;
| | - Mihajlo Bosnjak
- Institute of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia;
| | - Ivana Dakic
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (B.R.); (I.D.)
| | - Srdjan Mijatovic
- Clinic for Emergency Surgery, Clinical Centre of Serbia, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia;
| | - Vladimir Trajkovic
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (B.R.); (I.D.)
- Correspondence:
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19
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Inhibition of Fibrotic Contraction by Sirolimus (Rapamycin) in an Ex Vivo Model of Thyroid Eye Disease. Ophthalmic Plast Reconstr Surg 2021; 37:366-371. [PMID: 33237667 DOI: 10.1097/iop.0000000000001876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Thyroid eye disease (TED) is characterized by orbital inflammation and complicated by extraocular muscle fibrosis. Treatment with rapamycin/sirolimus has been reported to improve ocular motility and disease manifestations in TED. Whether this resulted from a primary antifibrotic effect on fibroblasts or was secondary to immune-suppression is unclear. METHODS In vitro contractility studies of primary orbital fibroblasts. Cells from patients with TED and controls were treated with rapamycin [mechanistic target of rapamycin an (mTOR) inhibitor] and MHY1485 (an mTOR stimulator) as well as inhibitors upstream in the same signaling cascade (saracatinib and befatinib). RESULTS At concentrations consistent with the therapeutic dosing range in humans, rapamycin/sirolimus significantly reduces fibrosis in orbital fibroblasts from TED patients and controls in vitro. This effect is separate from, and in addition to, its immune suppressive effect. mTOR-driven fibrotic activity is greater in TED-derived fibroblasts and can be blocked also upstream of mTOR by inhibition of src. There was no adverse effect on cell survival. CONCLUSION The authors present evidence for a direct antifibrotic effect of rapamycin/sirolimus in primary orbital fibroblasts. Targeting mTOR signaling presents a further and adjunctive treatment of TED alongside other immune-suppressive agents. By acting downstream of IGF1-R, sirolimus may offer a cost-effective alternative to teprotumumab therapy. Clinical case reports, now supplemented by this in vitro evidence, support the initiation of a clinical trial to treat the fibrotic sequelae of TED with this already-approved agent. Such an "off-the-shelf" therapy is a welcome prospect for TED treatment, particularly one available at a low price.
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20
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Saito Y, Kimura W. Roles of Phase Separation for Cellular Redox Maintenance. Front Genet 2021; 12:691946. [PMID: 34306032 PMCID: PMC8299301 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.691946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The oxidation reaction greatly alters characteristics of various cellular components. In exchange for efficient energy production, mitochondrial aerobic respiration substantially increases the risk of excess oxidation of cellular biomolecules such as lipids, proteins, nucleic acids, and numerous small molecules. To maintain a physiologically balanced cellular reduction-oxidation (redox) state, cells utilize a variety of molecular machineries including cellular antioxidants and protein degradation complexes such as the ubiquitin-proteasome system or autophagy. In the past decade, biomolecular liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) has emerged as a subject of great interest in the biomedical field, as it plays versatile roles in the maintenance of cellular homeostasis. With regard to redox homeostasis, LLPS arose as a major player in both well-characterized and newly emerging redox pathways. LLPS is involved in direct redox imbalance sensing, signal transduction, and transcriptional regulation. Also, LLPS is at play when cells resist redox imbalance through metabolic switching, translational remodeling, activating the DNA damage response, and segregation of vulnerable lipids and proteins. On the other hand, chronic accumulation of phase-separated molecular condensates such as lipid droplets and amyloid causes neurotoxic outcomes. In this review we enumerate recent progress on understanding how cells utilize LLPS to deal with oxidative stress, especially related to cell survival or pathogenesis, and we discuss future research directions for understanding biological phase separation in cellular redox regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuichi Saito
- Laboratory for Heart Regeneration, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Kobe, Japan
| | - Wataru Kimura
- Laboratory for Heart Regeneration, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Kobe, Japan
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21
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Sadek J, Hall DT, Colalillo B, Omer A, Tremblay AK, Sanguin‐Gendreau V, Muller W, Di Marco S, Bianchi ME, Gallouzi I. Pharmacological or genetic inhibition of iNOS prevents cachexia-mediated muscle wasting and its associated metabolism defects. EMBO Mol Med 2021; 13:e13591. [PMID: 34096686 PMCID: PMC8261493 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.202013591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Revised: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Cachexia syndrome develops in patients with diseases such as cancer and sepsis and is characterized by progressive muscle wasting. While iNOS is one of the main effectors of cachexia, its mechanism of action and whether it could be targeted for therapy remains unexplored. Here, we show that iNOS knockout mice and mice treated with the clinically tested iNOS inhibitor GW274150 are protected against muscle wasting in models of both septic and cancer cachexia. We demonstrate that iNOS triggers muscle wasting by disrupting mitochondrial content, morphology, and energy production processes such as the TCA cycle and acylcarnitine transport. Notably, iNOS inhibits oxidative phosphorylation through impairment of complexes II and IV of the electron transport chain and reduces ATP production, leading to energetic stress, activation of AMPK, suppression of mTOR, and, ultimately, muscle atrophy. Importantly, all these effects were reversed by GW274150. Therefore, our data establish how iNOS induces muscle wasting under cachectic conditions and provide a proof of principle for the repurposing of iNOS inhibitors, such as GW274150 for the treatment of cachexia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason Sadek
- Department of BiochemistryMcGill UniversityMontrealQCCanada
- Rosalind & Morris Goodman Cancer Research CenterMcGill UniversityMontrealQCCanada
| | - Derek T Hall
- Department of BiochemistryMcGill UniversityMontrealQCCanada
- Rosalind & Morris Goodman Cancer Research CenterMcGill UniversityMontrealQCCanada
- Sprott Centre for Stem Cell ResearchRegenerative Medicine ProgramOttawa Hospital Research InstituteOttawaONCanada
- Department of Cellular and Molecular MedicineFaculty of MedicineUniversity of OttawaOttawaONCanada
| | - Bianca Colalillo
- Department of BiochemistryMcGill UniversityMontrealQCCanada
- Rosalind & Morris Goodman Cancer Research CenterMcGill UniversityMontrealQCCanada
| | - Amr Omer
- Department of BiochemistryMcGill UniversityMontrealQCCanada
- Rosalind & Morris Goodman Cancer Research CenterMcGill UniversityMontrealQCCanada
| | - Anne‐Marie K Tremblay
- Department of BiochemistryMcGill UniversityMontrealQCCanada
- Rosalind & Morris Goodman Cancer Research CenterMcGill UniversityMontrealQCCanada
| | - Virginie Sanguin‐Gendreau
- Department of BiochemistryMcGill UniversityMontrealQCCanada
- Rosalind & Morris Goodman Cancer Research CenterMcGill UniversityMontrealQCCanada
| | - William Muller
- Department of BiochemistryMcGill UniversityMontrealQCCanada
- Rosalind & Morris Goodman Cancer Research CenterMcGill UniversityMontrealQCCanada
| | - Sergio Di Marco
- Department of BiochemistryMcGill UniversityMontrealQCCanada
- Rosalind & Morris Goodman Cancer Research CenterMcGill UniversityMontrealQCCanada
| | - Marco Emilio Bianchi
- Division of Genetics and Cell BiologyChromatin Dynamics UnitIRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute and Vita‐Salute San Raffaele UniversityMilanItaly
| | - Imed‐Eddine Gallouzi
- Department of BiochemistryMcGill UniversityMontrealQCCanada
- Rosalind & Morris Goodman Cancer Research CenterMcGill UniversityMontrealQCCanada
- KAUST Smart‐Health Initiative and Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering (BESE) DivisionKing Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST)JeddahSaudi Arabia
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22
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Amen T, Kaganovich D. Stress granules inhibit fatty acid oxidation by modulating mitochondrial permeability. Cell Rep 2021; 35:109237. [PMID: 34133922 PMCID: PMC8220302 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Revised: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The formation of stress granules (SGs) is an essential aspect of the cellular response to many kinds of stress, but its adaptive role is far from clear. SG dysfunction is implicated in aging-onset neurodegenerative diseases, prompting interest in their physiological function. Here, we report that during starvation stress, SGs interact with mitochondria and regulate metabolic remodeling. We show that SG formation leads to a downregulation of fatty acid β-oxidation (FAO) through the modulation of mitochondrial voltage-dependent anion channels (VDACs), which import fatty acids (FAs) into mitochondria. The subsequent decrease in FAO during long-term starvation reduces oxidative damage and rations FAs for longer use. Failure to form SGs, whether caused by the genetic deletion of SG components or an amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)-associated mutation, translates into an inability to downregulate FAO. Because metabolic dysfunction is a common pathological element of neurodegenerative diseases, including ALS, our findings provide a direction for studying the clinical relevance of SGs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Triana Amen
- Department of Experimental Neurodegeneration, University Medical Center Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Daniel Kaganovich
- 1Base Pharmaceuticals, Boston, MA 02129, USA; Department of Experimental Neurodegeneration, University Medical Center Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany.
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23
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Zhou Y, Guo J, Wang X, Cheng Y, Guan J, Barman P, Sun MA, Fu Y, Wei W, Feng C, Lilly MA, Wei Y. FKBP39 controls nutrient dependent Nprl3 expression and TORC1 activity in Drosophila. Cell Death Dis 2021; 12:571. [PMID: 34078879 PMCID: PMC8172852 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-021-03860-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Revised: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Target of Rapamycin Complex 1 (TORC1) is a master regulator that coordinates nutrient status with cell metabolism. The GTPase-activating protein towards Rags complex 1 (GATOR1) inhibits TORC1 activity and protects cells from damage during periods of stress. Here we characterize multiple pathways that regulate the expression of the GATOR1 component Nprl3 in Drosophila. We determine that the stability of Nprl3 is impacted by the Unassembled Soluble Complex Proteins Degradation (USPD) pathway. In addition, we find that FK506 binding protein 39 (FKBP39)-dependent proteolytic destruction maintains Nprl3 at low levels in nutrient replete conditions. Nutrient starvation abrogates the degradation of the Nprl3 protein and rapidly promotes Nprl3 accumulation. Consistent with a role in promoting the stability of a TORC1 inhibitor, mutations in fkbp39 decrease TORC1 activity and increase autophagy. Finally, we show that the 5′UTR of nprl3 transcripts contain a functional upstream open reading frame (uORF) that inhibits main ORF translation. In summary, our work has uncovered novel mechanisms of Nprl3 regulation and identifies an important role for FKBP39 in the control of cellular metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhou
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China.,Animal Physiology Group, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Jian Guo
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China.,Animal Physiology Group, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Xinyu Wang
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China.,Animal Physiology Group, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Yang Cheng
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China.,Animal Physiology Group, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Jianwen Guan
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China.,Animal Physiology Group, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Priyam Barman
- Animal Physiology Group, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Ming-An Sun
- Institute of Comparative Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Yuanyuan Fu
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China.,Animal Physiology Group, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Wanhong Wei
- Animal Physiology Group, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Congjing Feng
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Mary A Lilly
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
| | - Youheng Wei
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China. .,Animal Physiology Group, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China.
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24
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Weiss B, Allen GE, Kloehn J, Abid K, Jaquier-Gubler P, Curran JA. eIF4E3 forms an active eIF4F complex during stresses (eIF4FS) targeting mTOR and re-programs the translatome. Nucleic Acids Res 2021; 49:5159-5176. [PMID: 33893802 PMCID: PMC8136781 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkab267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Revised: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The eIF4E are a family of initiation factors that bind the mRNA 5' cap, regulating the proteome and the cellular phenotype. eIF4E1 mediates global translation and its activity is controlled via the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway. mTOR down-regulation results in eIF4E1 sequestration into an inactive complex with the 4E binding proteins (4EBPs). The second member, eIF4E2, regulates the translatome during hypoxia. However, the exact function of the third member, eIF4E3, has remained elusive. We have dissected its function using a range of techniques. Starting from the observation that it does not interact with 4EBP1, we demonstrate that eIF4E3 recruitment into an eIF4F complex occurs when Torin1 inhibits the mTOR pathway. Ribo-seq studies demonstrate that this complex (eIF4FS) is translationally active during stress and that it selects specific mRNA populations based on 5' TL (UTR) length. The interactome reveals that it associates with cellular proteins beyond the cognate initiation factors, suggesting that it may have 'moon-lighting' functions. Finally, we provide evidence that cellular metabolism is altered in an eIF4E3 KO background but only upon Torin1 treatment. We propose that eIF4E3 acts as a second branch of the integrated stress response, re-programming the translatome to promote 'stress resistance' and adaptation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Weiss
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Switzerland
| | - George Edward Allen
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Joachim Kloehn
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Karim Abid
- Catecholamine and Peptides Laboratory, Service of Clinical Pharmacology, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Pascale Jaquier-Gubler
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Joseph Alphonsus Curran
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Switzerland
- Institute of Genetics and Genomics of Geneva (iGE3), University of Geneva, Switzerland
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25
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Finding new edges: systems approaches to MTOR signaling. Biochem Soc Trans 2021; 49:41-54. [PMID: 33544134 PMCID: PMC7924996 DOI: 10.1042/bst20190730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Revised: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Cells have evolved highly intertwined kinase networks to finely tune cellular homeostasis to the environment. The network converging on the mechanistic target of rapamycin (MTOR) kinase constitutes a central hub that integrates metabolic signals and adapts cellular metabolism and functions to nutritional changes and stress. Feedforward and feedback loops, crosstalks and a plethora of modulators finely balance MTOR-driven anabolic and catabolic processes. This complexity renders it difficult — if not impossible — to intuitively decipher signaling dynamics and network topology. Over the last two decades, systems approaches have emerged as powerful tools to simulate signaling network dynamics and responses. In this review, we discuss the contribution of systems studies to the discovery of novel edges and modulators in the MTOR network in healthy cells and in disease.
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26
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Robles-Flores M, Moreno-Londoño AP, Castañeda-Patlán MC. Signaling Pathways Involved in Nutrient Sensing Control in Cancer Stem Cells: An Overview. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:627745. [PMID: 33828530 PMCID: PMC8020906 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.627745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer cells characteristically have a high proliferation rate. Because tumor growth depends on energy-consuming anabolic processes, including biosynthesis of protein, lipid, and nucleotides, many tumor-associated conditions, including intermittent oxygen deficiency due to insufficient vascularization, oxidative stress, and nutrient deprivation, results from fast growth. To cope with these environmental stressors, cancer cells, including cancer stem cells, must adapt their metabolism to maintain cellular homeostasis. It is well- known that cancer stem cells (CSC) reprogram their metabolism to adapt to live in hypoxic niches. They usually change from oxidative phosphorylation to increased aerobic glycolysis even in the presence of oxygen. However, as opposed to most differentiated cancer cells relying on glycolysis, CSCs can be highly glycolytic or oxidative phosphorylation-dependent, displaying high metabolic plasticity. Although the influence of the metabolic and nutrient-sensing pathways on the maintenance of stemness has been recognized, the molecular mechanisms that link these pathways to stemness are not well known. Here in this review, we describe the most relevant signaling pathways involved in nutrient sensing and cancer cell survival. Among them, Adenosine monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase (AMPK) pathway, mTOR pathway, and Hexosamine Biosynthetic Pathway (HBP) are critical sensors of cellular energy and nutrient status in cancer cells and interact in complex and dynamic ways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martha Robles-Flores
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Angela P Moreno-Londoño
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - M Cristina Castañeda-Patlán
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Mexico City, Mexico
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27
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Legrand N, Dixon DA, Sobolewski C. Stress granules in colorectal cancer: Current knowledge and potential therapeutic applications. World J Gastroenterol 2020; 26:5223-5247. [PMID: 32994684 PMCID: PMC7504244 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v26.i35.5223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Revised: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Stress granules (SGs) represent important non-membrane cytoplasmic compartments, involved in cellular adaptation to various stressful conditions (e.g., hypoxia, nutrient deprivation, oxidative stress). These granules contain several scaffold proteins and RNA-binding proteins, which bind to mRNAs and keep them translationally silent while protecting them from harmful conditions. Although the role of SGs in cancer development is still poorly known and vary between cancer types, increasing evidence indicate that the expression and/or the activity of several key SGs components are deregulated in colorectal tumors but also in pre-neoplastic conditions (e.g., inflammatory bowel disease), thus suggesting a potential role in the onset of colorectal cancer (CRC). It is therefore believed that SGs formation importantly contributes to various steps of colorectal tumorigenesis but also in chemoresistance. As CRC is the third most frequent cancer and one of the leading causes of cancer mortality worldwide, development of new therapeutic targets is needed to offset the development of chemoresistance and formation of metastasis. Abolishing SGs assembly may therefore represent an appealing therapeutic strategy to re-sensitize colon cancer cells to anti-cancer chemotherapies. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge on SGs in colorectal cancer and the potential therapeutic strategies that could be employed to target them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noémie Legrand
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva CH-1211, Switzerland
| | - Dan A Dixon
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas, and University of Kansas Cancer Center, Lawrence, KS 66045, United States
| | - Cyril Sobolewski
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva CH-1211, Switzerland
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28
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Shin J, Bae J, Park S, Kang HG, Shin SM, Won G, Kim JS, Cho SG, Choi Y, Oh SM, Shin J, Kim JS, Park HW. mTOR-Dependent Role of Sestrin2 in Regulating Tumor Progression of Human Endometrial Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12092515. [PMID: 32899752 PMCID: PMC7565818 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12092515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Revised: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1), a key controller of growth and environmental stress signaling, is frequently activated in human cancers. Sestrin2 (SESN2), a highly conserved stress-inducible protein, is one of the negative feedback mechanisms for inhibiting chronic activation of mTORC1. This study aimed to investigate the expression and clinical implications of SESN2 in endometrial cancer using an in vitro and in vivo approach. The analysis indicated increased levels of SESN2 and mTORC1 pathway activity in cancer tissues than in normal tissues. High SESN2 expression correlated with shorter patient survival duration. However, lentiviral overexpression of SESN2 and mTOR inhibitors suppressed cancer cell proliferation, migration, and epithelial–mesenchymal transition. Our study provides strong evidence for prognostic significance of SESN2, and its association with mTORC1 pathway and endometrial cancer growth. Thus, the results identified SESN2 as a potential therapeutic target in endometrial cancer. Abstract Oncogenic activation of the mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) leads to endometrial cancer cell growth and proliferation. Sestrin2 (SESN2), a highly conserved stress-inducible protein, is involved in homeostatic regulation via inhibition of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and mTORC1. However, the role of SESN2 in human endometrial cancer remains to be investigated. Here, we investigated expression, clinical significance, and underlying mechanisms of SESN2 in endometrial cancer. SESN2 was upregulated more in endometrial cancer tissues than in normal endometrial tissues. Furthermore, upregulation of SESN2 statistically correlated with shorter overall survival and disease-free survival in patients with endometrial cancer. SESN2 expression strongly correlated with mTORC1 activity, suggesting its impact on prognosis in endometrial cancer. Additionally, knockdown of SESN2 promoted cell proliferation, migration, and ROS production in endometrial cancer cell lines HEC-1A and Ishikawa. Treatment of these cells with mTOR inhibitors reversed endometrial cancer cell proliferation, migration, and epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) marker expression. Moreover, in a xenograft nude mice model, endometrial cancer growth increased by SESN2 knockdown. Thus, our study provides evidence for the prognostic significance of SESN2, and a relationship between SESN2, the mTORC1 pathway, and endometrial cancer growth, suggesting SESN2 as a potential therapeutic target in endometrial cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiha Shin
- Department of Cell Biology, Konyang University College of Medicine, Daejeon 35365, Korea; (J.S.); (J.B.); (S.P.); (H.-G.K.); (S.M.S.); (J.S.)
| | - Jeongyun Bae
- Department of Cell Biology, Konyang University College of Medicine, Daejeon 35365, Korea; (J.S.); (J.B.); (S.P.); (H.-G.K.); (S.M.S.); (J.S.)
| | - Sumi Park
- Department of Cell Biology, Konyang University College of Medicine, Daejeon 35365, Korea; (J.S.); (J.B.); (S.P.); (H.-G.K.); (S.M.S.); (J.S.)
- Myunggok Medical Research Institute, Konyang University College of Medicine, Daejeon 35365, Korea; (G.W.); (J.-S.K.); (S.-M.O.)
| | - Hyun-Goo Kang
- Department of Cell Biology, Konyang University College of Medicine, Daejeon 35365, Korea; (J.S.); (J.B.); (S.P.); (H.-G.K.); (S.M.S.); (J.S.)
| | - Seong Min Shin
- Department of Cell Biology, Konyang University College of Medicine, Daejeon 35365, Korea; (J.S.); (J.B.); (S.P.); (H.-G.K.); (S.M.S.); (J.S.)
| | - Gunho Won
- Myunggok Medical Research Institute, Konyang University College of Medicine, Daejeon 35365, Korea; (G.W.); (J.-S.K.); (S.-M.O.)
- Department Centers for Disease Control & Prevention, National Institute of Health, Cheongju 28159, Korea
| | - Jong-Seok Kim
- Myunggok Medical Research Institute, Konyang University College of Medicine, Daejeon 35365, Korea; (G.W.); (J.-S.K.); (S.-M.O.)
| | - Ssang-Goo Cho
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea; (S.-G.C.); (Y.C.)
| | - Youngsok Choi
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea; (S.-G.C.); (Y.C.)
| | - Sang-Muk Oh
- Myunggok Medical Research Institute, Konyang University College of Medicine, Daejeon 35365, Korea; (G.W.); (J.-S.K.); (S.-M.O.)
- Department of Biochemistry, Konyang University College of Medicine, Daejeon 35365, Korea
| | - Jongdae Shin
- Department of Cell Biology, Konyang University College of Medicine, Daejeon 35365, Korea; (J.S.); (J.B.); (S.P.); (H.-G.K.); (S.M.S.); (J.S.)
- Myunggok Medical Research Institute, Konyang University College of Medicine, Daejeon 35365, Korea; (G.W.); (J.-S.K.); (S.-M.O.)
| | - Jeong Sig Kim
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Soonchunhyang University Seoul Hospital, Seoul 04401, Korea
- Correspondence: (J.S.K.); (H.-W.P.); Tel.: +82-42-600-8677 (H.-W.P.)
| | - Hwan-Woo Park
- Department of Cell Biology, Konyang University College of Medicine, Daejeon 35365, Korea; (J.S.); (J.B.); (S.P.); (H.-G.K.); (S.M.S.); (J.S.)
- Myunggok Medical Research Institute, Konyang University College of Medicine, Daejeon 35365, Korea; (G.W.); (J.-S.K.); (S.-M.O.)
- Correspondence: (J.S.K.); (H.-W.P.); Tel.: +82-42-600-8677 (H.-W.P.)
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29
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Cenni V, Capanni C, Mattioli E, Schena E, Squarzoni S, Bacalini MG, Garagnani P, Salvioli S, Franceschi C, Lattanzi G. Lamin A involvement in ageing processes. Ageing Res Rev 2020; 62:101073. [PMID: 32446955 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2020.101073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Revised: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 04/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Lamin A, a main constituent of the nuclear lamina, is the major splicing product of the LMNA gene, which also encodes lamin C, lamin A delta 10 and lamin C2. Involvement of lamin A in the ageing process became clear after the discovery that a group of progeroid syndromes, currently referred to as progeroid laminopathies, are caused by mutations in LMNA gene. Progeroid laminopathies include Hutchinson-Gilford Progeria, Mandibuloacral Dysplasia, Atypical Progeria and atypical-Werner syndrome, disabling and life-threatening diseases with accelerated ageing, bone resorption, lipodystrophy, skin abnormalities and cardiovascular disorders. Defects in lamin A post-translational maturation occur in progeroid syndromes and accumulated prelamin A affects ageing-related processes, such as mTOR signaling, epigenetic modifications, stress response, inflammation, microRNA activation and mechanosignaling. In this review, we briefly describe the role of these pathways in physiological ageing and go in deep into lamin A-dependent mechanisms that accelerate the ageing process. Finally, we propose that lamin A acts as a sensor of cell intrinsic and environmental stress through transient prelamin A accumulation, which triggers stress response mechanisms. Exacerbation of lamin A sensor activity due to stably elevated prelamin A levels contributes to the onset of a permanent stress response condition, which triggers accelerated ageing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vittoria Cenni
- CNR Institute of Molecular Genetics "Luigi Luca Cavalli-Sforza", Unit of Bologna, Bologna, Italy; IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
| | - Cristina Capanni
- CNR Institute of Molecular Genetics "Luigi Luca Cavalli-Sforza", Unit of Bologna, Bologna, Italy; IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Mattioli
- CNR Institute of Molecular Genetics "Luigi Luca Cavalli-Sforza", Unit of Bologna, Bologna, Italy; IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
| | - Elisa Schena
- CNR Institute of Molecular Genetics "Luigi Luca Cavalli-Sforza", Unit of Bologna, Bologna, Italy; IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
| | - Stefano Squarzoni
- CNR Institute of Molecular Genetics "Luigi Luca Cavalli-Sforza", Unit of Bologna, Bologna, Italy; IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
| | | | - Paolo Garagnani
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy; Clinical Chemistry, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet at Huddinge, University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Stefano Salvioli
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy; Interdepartmental Center Alma Mater Research Institute on Global Challenges and Climate Changes, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Claudio Franceschi
- Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - Giovanna Lattanzi
- CNR Institute of Molecular Genetics "Luigi Luca Cavalli-Sforza", Unit of Bologna, Bologna, Italy; IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy.
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30
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Pathological Consequences of Hepatic mTORC1 Dysregulation. Genes (Basel) 2020; 11:genes11080896. [PMID: 32764389 PMCID: PMC7465966 DOI: 10.3390/genes11080896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Revised: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 08/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) is a central regulator of metabolism that integrates environmental inputs, including nutrients, growth factors, and stress signals. mTORC1 activation upregulates anabolism of diverse macromolecules, such as proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids, while downregulating autolysosomal catabolism. mTORC1 dysregulation is often found in various diseases, including cancer, cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases, as well as metabolic syndromes involving obesity and type II diabetes. As an essential metabolic organ, the liver requires proper regulation of mTORC1 for maintaining homeostasis and preventing pathologies. For instance, aberrant hyper- or hypoactivation of mTORC1 disrupts hepatocellular homeostasis and damages the structural and functional integrity of the tissue, leading to prominent liver injury and the development of hepatocellular carcinogenesis. Proper regulation of mTORC1 during liver diseases may be beneficial for restoring liver function and ameliorating the detrimental consequences of liver failure.
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Zhan Y, Wang H, Ning Y, Zheng H, Liu S, Yang Y, Zhou M, Fan S. Understanding the roles of stress granule during chemotherapy for patients with malignant tumors. Am J Cancer Res 2020; 10:2226-2241. [PMID: 32905441 PMCID: PMC7471355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2020] [Accepted: 07/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The assembly of stress granules (SGs) is a conserved mechanism to regulate protein synthesis under cell stress, where the translation of global protein is silenced and selective protein synthesis for survival maintains. SG formation confers survival advantages and chemotherapeutic resistance to malignant cells. Targeting SG assembly may represent a potential treatment strategy to overcome the primary and acquired chemotherapeutic resistance and enhance curative effect. We conduct a comprehensive review of the published literatures focusing on the drugs that potentially induce SGs and the related mechanism, retrospect the relationship between SGs and drug resistance related proteins, illuminate the regulated pathways and potential targets for SG assembly, and discuss future directions of overcoming the resistance to chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuting Zhan
- Department of Pathology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South UniversityChangsha 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Haihua Wang
- Department of Pathology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South UniversityChangsha 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Yue Ning
- Department of Pathology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South UniversityChangsha 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Hongmei Zheng
- Department of Pathology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South UniversityChangsha 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Sile Liu
- Department of Pathology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South UniversityChangsha 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Pathology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South UniversityChangsha 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Ming Zhou
- Cancer Research Institute Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South UniversityChangsha 410078, Hunan, China
| | - Songqing Fan
- Department of Pathology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South UniversityChangsha 410011, Hunan, China
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Oeing CU, Nakamura T, Pan S, Mishra S, Dunkerly-Eyring BL, Kokkonen-Simon KM, Lin BL, Chen A, Zhu G, Bedja D, Lee DI, Kass DA, Ranek MJ. PKG1α Cysteine-42 Redox State Controls mTORC1 Activation in Pathological Cardiac Hypertrophy. Circ Res 2020; 127:522-533. [PMID: 32393148 PMCID: PMC7416445 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.119.315714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Stimulated PKG1α (protein kinase G-1α) phosphorylates TSC2 (tuberous sclerosis complex 2) at serine 1365, potently suppressing mTORC1 (mechanistic [mammalian] target of rapamycin complex 1) activation by neurohormonal and hemodynamic stress. This reduces pathological hypertrophy and dysfunction and increases autophagy. PKG1α oxidation at cysteine-42 is also induced by these stressors, which blunts its cardioprotective effects. OBJECTIVE We tested the dependence of mTORC1 activation on PKG1α C42 oxidation and its capacity to suppress such activation by soluble GC-1 (guanylyl cyclase 1) activation. METHODS AND RESULTS Cardiomyocytes expressing wild-type (WT) PKG1α (PKG1αWT) or cysteine-42 to serine mutation redox-dead (PKG1αCS/CS) were exposed to ET-1 (endothelin 1). Cells expressing PKG1αWT exhibited substantial mTORC1 activation (p70 S6K [p70 S6 kinase], 4EBP1 [elF4E binding protein-1], and Ulk1 [Unc-51-like kinase 1] phosphorylation), reduced autophagy/autophagic flux, and abnormal protein aggregation; all were markedly reversed by PKG1αCS/CS expression. Mice with global knock-in of PKG1αCS/CS subjected to pressure overload (PO) also displayed markedly reduced mTORC1 activation, protein aggregation, hypertrophy, and ventricular dysfunction versus PO in PKG1αWT mice. Cardioprotection against PO was equalized between groups by co-treatment with the mTORC1 inhibitor everolimus. TSC2-S1365 phosphorylation increased in PKG1αCS/CS more than PKG1αWT myocardium following PO. TSC2S1365A/S1365A (TSC2 S1365 phospho-null, created by a serine to alanine mutation) knock-in mice lack TSC2 phosphorylation by PKG1α, and when genetically crossed with PKG1αCS/CS mice, protection against PO-induced mTORC1 activation, cardiodepression, and mortality in PKG1αCS/CS mice was lost. Direct stimulation of GC-1 (BAY-602770) offset disparate mTORC1 activation between PKG1αWT and PKG1αCS/CS after PO and blocked ET-1 stimulated mTORC1 in TSC2S1365A-expressing myocytes. CONCLUSIONS Oxidation of PKG1α at C42 reduces its phosphorylation of TSC2, resulting in amplified PO-stimulated mTORC1 activity and associated hypertrophy, dysfunction, and depressed autophagy. This is ameliorated by direct GC-1 stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian U. Oeing
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD 21205
| | - Taishi Nakamura
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD 21205
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Shi Pan
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD 21205
| | - Sumita Mishra
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD 21205
| | | | - Kristen M. Kokkonen-Simon
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD 21205
| | - Brian L. Lin
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD 21205
| | - Anna Chen
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD 21205
| | - Guangshuo Zhu
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD 21205
| | - Djahida Bedja
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD 21205
| | - Dong Ik. Lee
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD 21205
| | - David A. Kass
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD 21205
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205
| | - Mark J. Ranek
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD 21205
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Cipponi A, Goode DL, Bedo J, McCabe MJ, Pajic M, Croucher DR, Rajal AG, Junankar SR, Saunders DN, Lobachevsky P, Papenfuss AT, Nessem D, Nobis M, Warren SC, Timpson P, Cowley M, Vargas AC, Qiu MR, Generali DG, Keerthikumar S, Nguyen U, Corcoran NM, Long GV, Blay JY, Thomas DM. MTOR signaling orchestrates stress-induced mutagenesis, facilitating adaptive evolution in cancer. Science 2020; 368:1127-1131. [PMID: 32499442 DOI: 10.1126/science.aau8768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2018] [Revised: 11/09/2019] [Accepted: 04/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
In microorganisms, evolutionarily conserved mechanisms facilitate adaptation to harsh conditions through stress-induced mutagenesis (SIM). Analogous processes may underpin progression and therapeutic failure in human cancer. We describe SIM in multiple in vitro and in vivo models of human cancers under nongenotoxic drug selection, paradoxically enhancing adaptation at a competing intrinsic fitness cost. A genome-wide approach identified the mechanistic target of rapamycin (MTOR) as a stress-sensing rheostat mediating SIM across multiple cancer types and conditions. These observations are consistent with a two-phase model for drug resistance, in which an initially rapid expansion of genetic diversity is counterbalanced by an intrinsic fitness penalty, subsequently normalizing to complete adaptation under the new conditions. This model suggests synthetic lethal strategies to minimize resistance to anticancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arcadi Cipponi
- The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia. .,St. Vincent's Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - David L Goode
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Justin Bedo
- Bioinformatics Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Department of Computing and Information Systems, the University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Mark J McCabe
- St. Vincent's Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Kinghorn Centre for Clinical Genomics, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia
| | - Marina Pajic
- The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia.,St. Vincent's Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - David R Croucher
- The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia.,St. Vincent's Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Alvaro Gonzalez Rajal
- The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia
| | - Simon R Junankar
- The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia.,St. Vincent's Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Darren N Saunders
- School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, NSW, Australia
| | | | - Anthony T Papenfuss
- Bioinformatics Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Department of Computing and Information Systems, the University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Danielle Nessem
- The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia
| | - Max Nobis
- The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia.,St. Vincent's Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Sean C Warren
- The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia.,St. Vincent's Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Paul Timpson
- The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia.,St. Vincent's Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Mark Cowley
- St. Vincent's Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Kinghorn Centre for Clinical Genomics, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia
| | - Ana C Vargas
- Douglass Hanly Moir Pathology, Turramurra, NSW, Australia
| | - Min R Qiu
- St. Vincent's Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Anatomical and Molecular Oncology Pathology, SYDPATH, St. Vincent's Hospital, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia
| | - Daniele G Generali
- Department of Medical, Surgery and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy.,Breast Cancer Unit and Translational Research Unit, ASST Cremona, Cremona, Italy
| | - Shivakumar Keerthikumar
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Uyen Nguyen
- The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia
| | - Niall M Corcoran
- Division of Urology, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Department of Urology, Peninsula Health, Frankston, VIC, Australia.,Department of Surgery, University of Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Georgina V Long
- Melanoma Institute Australia, Wollstonecraft, NSW, Australia.,The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Royal North Shore Hospital and Mater Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Crown Princess Mary Cancer Centre Westmead Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Jean-Yves Blay
- Centre Leon Berard and Université Claude Bernard Lyon, Lyon, France.,UNICANCER, Paris, France
| | - David M Thomas
- The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia. .,St. Vincent's Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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Shang C, Zhou H, Liu W, Shen T, Luo Y, Huang S. Iron chelation inhibits mTORC1 signaling involving activation of AMPK and REDD1/Bnip3 pathways. Oncogene 2020; 39:5201-5213. [PMID: 32541839 PMCID: PMC7366895 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-020-1366-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Revised: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) functions as two complexes (mTORC1 and mTORC2), regulating cell growth and metabolism. Aberrant mTOR signaling occurs frequently in cancers, so mTOR has become an attractive target for cancer therapy. Iron chelators have emerged as promising anticancer agents. However, the mechanisms underlying the anticancer action of iron chelation are not fully understood. Particularly, reports on the effects of iron chelation on mTOR complexes are inconsistent or controversial. Here, we found that iron chelators consistently inhibited mTORC1 signaling, which was blocked by pretreatment with ferrous sulfate. Mechanistically, iron chelation-induced mTORC1 inhibition was not related to ROS induction, copper chelation, or PP2A activation. Instead, activation of AMPK pathway mainly and activation of both HIF-1/REDD1 and Bnip3 pathways partially contribute to iron chelation-induced mTORC1 inhibition. Our findings indicate that iron chelation inhibits mTORC1 via multiple pathways and iron is essential for mTORC1 activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaowei Shang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, 71130-3932, USA.,Feist-Weiller Cancer Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, 71130-3932, USA
| | - Hongyu Zhou
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, 71130-3932, USA
| | - Wang Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, 71130-3932, USA
| | - Tao Shen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, 71130-3932, USA.,Feist-Weiller Cancer Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, 71130-3932, USA
| | - Yan Luo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, 71130-3932, USA
| | - Shile Huang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, 71130-3932, USA. .,Feist-Weiller Cancer Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, 71130-3932, USA.
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Palušová V, Renzová T, Verlande A, Vaclová T, Medková M, Cetlová L, Sedláčková M, Hříbková H, Slaninová I, Krutá M, Rotrekl V, Uhlířová H, Křížová A, Chmelík R, Veselý P, Krafčíková M, Trantírek L, Schink KO, Uldrijan S. Dual Targeting of BRAF and mTOR Signaling in Melanoma Cells with Pyridinyl Imidazole Compounds. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12061516. [PMID: 32531927 PMCID: PMC7352453 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12061516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2020] [Revised: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BRAF inhibitors can delay the progression of metastatic melanoma, but resistance usually emerges, leading to relapse. Drugs simultaneously targeting two or more pathways essential for cancer growth could slow or prevent the development of resistant clones. Here, we identified pyridinyl imidazole compounds SB202190, SB203580, and SB590885 as dual inhibitors of critical proliferative pathways in human melanoma cells bearing the V600E activating mutation of BRAF kinase. We found that the drugs simultaneously disrupt the BRAF V600E-driven extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) activity and the mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) signaling in melanoma cells. Pyridinyl imidazole compounds directly inhibit BRAF V600E kinase. Moreover, they interfere with the endolysosomal compartment, promoting the accumulation of large acidic vacuole-like vesicles and dynamic changes in mTOR signaling. A transient increase in mTORC1 activity is followed by the enrichment of the Ragulator complex protein p18/LAMTOR1 at contact sites of large vesicles and delocalization of mTOR from the lysosomes. The induced disruption of the endolysosomal pathway not only disrupts mTORC1 signaling, but also renders melanoma cells sensitive to endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. Our findings identify new activities of pharmacologically relevant small molecule compounds and provide a biological rationale for the development of anti-melanoma therapeutics based on the pyridinyl imidazole core.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronika Palušová
- Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Kamenice 753/5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (V.P.); (T.R.); (A.V.); (T.V.); (M.M.); (L.C.); (M.S.); (H.H.); (I.S.); (M.K.); (V.R.)
- International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne’s University Hospital Brno, Pekařská 664/53, 656 91 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Tereza Renzová
- Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Kamenice 753/5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (V.P.); (T.R.); (A.V.); (T.V.); (M.M.); (L.C.); (M.S.); (H.H.); (I.S.); (M.K.); (V.R.)
| | - Amandine Verlande
- Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Kamenice 753/5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (V.P.); (T.R.); (A.V.); (T.V.); (M.M.); (L.C.); (M.S.); (H.H.); (I.S.); (M.K.); (V.R.)
| | - Tereza Vaclová
- Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Kamenice 753/5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (V.P.); (T.R.); (A.V.); (T.V.); (M.M.); (L.C.); (M.S.); (H.H.); (I.S.); (M.K.); (V.R.)
| | - Michaela Medková
- Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Kamenice 753/5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (V.P.); (T.R.); (A.V.); (T.V.); (M.M.); (L.C.); (M.S.); (H.H.); (I.S.); (M.K.); (V.R.)
| | - Linda Cetlová
- Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Kamenice 753/5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (V.P.); (T.R.); (A.V.); (T.V.); (M.M.); (L.C.); (M.S.); (H.H.); (I.S.); (M.K.); (V.R.)
| | - Miroslava Sedláčková
- Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Kamenice 753/5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (V.P.); (T.R.); (A.V.); (T.V.); (M.M.); (L.C.); (M.S.); (H.H.); (I.S.); (M.K.); (V.R.)
| | - Hana Hříbková
- Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Kamenice 753/5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (V.P.); (T.R.); (A.V.); (T.V.); (M.M.); (L.C.); (M.S.); (H.H.); (I.S.); (M.K.); (V.R.)
| | - Iva Slaninová
- Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Kamenice 753/5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (V.P.); (T.R.); (A.V.); (T.V.); (M.M.); (L.C.); (M.S.); (H.H.); (I.S.); (M.K.); (V.R.)
| | - Miriama Krutá
- Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Kamenice 753/5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (V.P.); (T.R.); (A.V.); (T.V.); (M.M.); (L.C.); (M.S.); (H.H.); (I.S.); (M.K.); (V.R.)
| | - Vladimír Rotrekl
- Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Kamenice 753/5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (V.P.); (T.R.); (A.V.); (T.V.); (M.M.); (L.C.); (M.S.); (H.H.); (I.S.); (M.K.); (V.R.)
- International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne’s University Hospital Brno, Pekařská 664/53, 656 91 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Hana Uhlířová
- Institute of Physical Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Brno University of Technology, Technická 2896/2, 616 69 Brno, Czech Republic; (H.U.); (R.C.)
- CEITEC—Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Purkyňova 656/123, 612 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (A.K.); (P.V.)
| | - Aneta Křížová
- CEITEC—Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Purkyňova 656/123, 612 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (A.K.); (P.V.)
| | - Radim Chmelík
- Institute of Physical Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Brno University of Technology, Technická 2896/2, 616 69 Brno, Czech Republic; (H.U.); (R.C.)
- CEITEC—Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Purkyňova 656/123, 612 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (A.K.); (P.V.)
| | - Pavel Veselý
- CEITEC—Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Purkyňova 656/123, 612 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (A.K.); (P.V.)
| | - Michaela Krafčíková
- National Centre for Biomolecular Research, Masaryk University, Kamenice 753/5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic;
| | - Lukáš Trantírek
- CEITEC—Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Kamenice 753/5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic;
| | - Kay Oliver Schink
- Centre for Cancer Cell Reprogramming, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Montebello, N-0379 Oslo, Norway;
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Montebello, N-0379 Oslo, Norway
| | - Stjepan Uldrijan
- Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Kamenice 753/5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (V.P.); (T.R.); (A.V.); (T.V.); (M.M.); (L.C.); (M.S.); (H.H.); (I.S.); (M.K.); (V.R.)
- International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne’s University Hospital Brno, Pekařská 664/53, 656 91 Brno, Czech Republic
- Correspondence:
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Karakas D, Ozpolat B. Eukaryotic elongation factor-2 kinase (eEF2K) signaling in tumor and microenvironment as a novel molecular target. J Mol Med (Berl) 2020; 98:775-787. [PMID: 32377852 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-020-01917-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2019] [Revised: 04/26/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Eukaryotic elongation factor-2 kinase (eEF2K), an atypical member of alpha-kinase family, is highly overexpressed in breast, pancreatic, brain, and lung cancers, and associated with poor survival in patients. eEF2K promotes cell proliferation, survival, and aggressive tumor characteristics, leading to tumor growth and progression. While initial studies indicated that eEF2K acts as a negative regulator of protein synthesis by suppressing peptide elongation phase, later studies demonstrated that it has multiple functions and promotes cell cycle, angiogenesis, migration, and invasion as well as induction of epithelial-mesenchymal transition through induction of integrin β1, SRC/FAK, PI3K/AKT, cyclin D1, VEGF, ZEB1, Snail, and MMP-2. Under stress conditions such as hypoxia and metabolic distress, eEF2K is activated by several signaling pathways and slows down protein synthesis and helping cells to save energy and survive. In vivo therapeutic targeting of eEF2K by genetic methods inhibits tumor growth in various tumor models, validating it as a potential molecular target. Recent studies suggest that eEF2K plays a role in tumor microenvironment cells by monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) and accumulation of tumor-associated macrophages. Due to its clinical significance and the pivotal role in tumorigenesis and progression, eEF2K is considered as an important therapeutic target in solid tumors. However, currently, there is no specific and potent inhibitor for translation into clinical studies. Here, we aim to systematically review current knowledge regarding eEF2K in tumor biology, microenvironment, and development of eEF2K targeted inhibitors and therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Didem Karakas
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Istinye University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Bulent Ozpolat
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
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37
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Systems Biology Analysis of the Antagonizing Effects of HIV-1 Tat Expression in the Brain over Transcriptional Changes Caused by Methamphetamine Sensitization. Viruses 2020; 12:v12040426. [PMID: 32283831 PMCID: PMC7232389 DOI: 10.3390/v12040426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Revised: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Methamphetamine (Meth) abuse is common among humans with immunodeficiency virus (HIV). The HIV-1 regulatory protein, trans-activator of transcription (Tat), has been described to induce changes in brain gene transcription that can result in impaired reward circuitry, as well as in inflammatory processes. In transgenic mice with doxycycline-induced Tat protein expression in the brain, i.e., a mouse model of neuroHIV, we tested global gene expression patterns induced by Meth sensitization. Meth-induced locomotor sensitization included repeated daily Meth or saline injections for seven days and Meth challenge after a seven-day abstinence period. Brain samples were collected 30 min after the Meth challenge. We investigated global gene expression changes in the caudate putamen, an area with relevance in behavior and HIV pathogenesis, and performed pathway and transcriptional factor usage predictions using systems biology strategies. We found that Tat expression alone had a very limited impact in gene transcription after the Meth challenge. In contrast, Meth-induced sensitization in the absence of Tat induced a global suppression of gene transcription. Interestingly, the interaction between Tat and Meth broadly prevented the Meth-induced global transcriptional suppression, by maintaining regulation pathways, and resulting in gene expression profiles that were more similar to the controls. Pathways associated with mitochondrial health, initiation of transcription and translation, as well as with epigenetic control, were heavily affected by Meth, and by its interaction with Tat in anti-directional ways. A series of systems strategies have predicted several components impacted by these interactions, including mitochondrial pathways, mTOR/RICTOR, AP-1 transcription factor, and eukaryotic initiation factors involved in transcription and translation. In spite of the antagonizing effects of Tat, a few genes identified in relevant gene networks remained downregulated, such as sirtuin 1, and the amyloid precursor protein (APP). In conclusion, Tat expression in the brain had a low acute transcriptional impact but strongly interacted with Meth sensitization, to modify effects in the global transcriptome.
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Wipperman MF, Montrose DC, Gotto AM, Hajjar DP. Mammalian Target of Rapamycin: A Metabolic Rheostat for Regulating Adipose Tissue Function and Cardiovascular Health. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2019; 189:492-501. [PMID: 30803496 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2018.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2018] [Revised: 11/03/2018] [Accepted: 11/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The complex relationship between diet and metabolism is an important contributor to cellular metabolism and health. Over the past few decades, a central role for mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) in the regulation of multiple cellular processes, including the response to food intake, maintaining homeostasis, and the pathogenesis of disease, has been shown. Herein, we first review our current understanding of the biochemical functions of mTOR and its response to fluctuations in hormone levels, like insulin. Second, we highlight the role of mTOR in lipogenesis, adipogenesis, β-oxidation of lipids, and ketosis of carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins. Special attention is paid to recent advances in mTOR signaling in white versus brown adipose tissues. Finally, we review how mTOR regulates cardiovascular health and disease. Together, these insights define a clearer picture of the connection between mTOR signaling, metabolic health, and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew F Wipperman
- Immunology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York; Clinical and Translational Science Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York
| | - David C Montrose
- Department of Pathology, Stony Brook Medicine, Stony Brook, New York
| | - Antonio M Gotto
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York
| | - David P Hajjar
- Department of Pathology and Biochemistry, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York.
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Functional Interaction of Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 2-Alpha and Autophagy Mediates Drug Resistance in Colon Cancer Cells. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11060755. [PMID: 31151160 PMCID: PMC6627604 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11060755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2019] [Revised: 05/17/2019] [Accepted: 05/20/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia and the accumulation of hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs) in tumors have been associated with therapeutic resistance and with autophagy establishment. We examined the effects of stable knockdown of HIF-1α or HIF-2α expression on autophagy and drug resistance in colon cancer cells. We found that under normoxic conditions, malignant cells exhibit increased basal levels of autophagy, compared with non-malignant cells, in addition to the previously reported coexpression of HIF-1α and HIF-2α. Knockdown of HIF-1α or HIF-2α expression resulted in increased autophagic and apoptotic cell death, indicating that the survival of cells is HIF-dependent. Cytotoxic-induced cell death was significantly increased by knockdown of HIFs but not by autophagy inhibition. Strikingly, although malignancy-resistant cells were sensitized to death by nutrient stress, the combination with HIF-2α depletion, but not with HIF-1α depletion, induced severe cell death. Oxidative stress levels were significantly increased as a result of HIF-2α specific inhibition or silencing suggesting that this may contribute to sensitize cells to death. The in vitro results were confirmed in vivo using a xenograft mouse model. We found that coordinated autophagy and mTOR inhibition enhanced cell death and induced tumor remission only in HIF-2α-silenced cells. Finally, using a specific HIF-2α inhibitor alone or in combination with drugs in patient-derived primary colon cancer cells, overcame their resistance to 5-FU or CCI-779, thus emphasizing the crucial role played by HIF-2α in promoting resistance and cell survival.
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Heberle AM, Razquin Navas P, Langelaar-Makkinje M, Kasack K, Sadik A, Faessler E, Hahn U, Marx-Stoelting P, Opitz CA, Sers C, Heiland I, Schäuble S, Thedieck K. The PI3K and MAPK/p38 pathways control stress granule assembly in a hierarchical manner. Life Sci Alliance 2019; 2:2/2/e201800257. [PMID: 30923191 PMCID: PMC6441495 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.201800257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2018] [Revised: 03/06/2019] [Accepted: 03/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
PI3K and p38 act in a hierarchical manner to enhance mTORC1 activity and stress granule formation; although PI3K is the main driver, the impact of p38 gets apparent as PI3K activity declines. All cells and organisms exhibit stress-coping mechanisms to ensure survival. Cytoplasmic protein-RNA assemblies termed stress granules are increasingly recognized to promote cellular survival under stress. Thus, they might represent tumor vulnerabilities that are currently poorly explored. The translation-inhibitory eIF2α kinases are established as main drivers of stress granule assembly. Using a systems approach, we identify the translation enhancers PI3K and MAPK/p38 as pro-stress-granule-kinases. They act through the metabolic master regulator mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) to promote stress granule assembly. When highly active, PI3K is the main driver of stress granules; however, the impact of p38 becomes apparent as PI3K activity declines. PI3K and p38 thus act in a hierarchical manner to drive mTORC1 activity and stress granule assembly. Of note, this signaling hierarchy is also present in human breast cancer tissue. Importantly, only the recognition of the PI3K-p38 hierarchy under stress enabled the discovery of p38’s role in stress granule formation. In summary, we assign a new pro-survival function to the key oncogenic kinases PI3K and p38, as they hierarchically promote stress granule formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Martin Heberle
- Laboratory of Pediatrics, Section Systems Medicine of Metabolism and Signaling, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Patricia Razquin Navas
- Laboratory of Pediatrics, Section Systems Medicine of Metabolism and Signaling, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.,Department for Neuroscience, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Carl von Ossietzky University Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Miriam Langelaar-Makkinje
- Laboratory of Pediatrics, Section Systems Medicine of Metabolism and Signaling, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Katharina Kasack
- Laboratory of Molecular Tumor Pathology, Institute of Pathology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Berlin, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ahmed Sadik
- Brain Cancer Metabolism Group, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany.,Faculty of Bioscience, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Erik Faessler
- Jena University Language and Information Engineering Lab, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Udo Hahn
- Jena University Language and Information Engineering Lab, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Philip Marx-Stoelting
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Strategies for Toxicological Assessment, Experimental Toxicology and ZEBET, German Centre for the Protection of Laboratory Animals (Bf3R), Berlin, Germany
| | - Christiane A Opitz
- Brain Cancer Metabolism Group, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany.,Neurology Clinic and National Center for Tumor Diseases, University Hospital of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Christine Sers
- Laboratory of Molecular Tumor Pathology, Institute of Pathology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Berlin, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ines Heiland
- Faculty of Bioscience, Fisheries and Economics, Department of Arctic and Marine Biology, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Sascha Schäuble
- Jena University Language and Information Engineering Lab, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Jena, Germany .,Systems Biology and Bioinformatics, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology, Hans Knöll Institute, Jena, Germany
| | - Kathrin Thedieck
- Laboratory of Pediatrics, Section Systems Medicine of Metabolism and Signaling, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands .,Department for Neuroscience, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Carl von Ossietzky University Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany.,Institute of Biochemistry and Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
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Hart B, Morgan E, Alejandro EU. Nutrient sensor signaling pathways and cellular stress in fetal growth restriction. J Mol Endocrinol 2019; 62:R155-R165. [PMID: 30400060 PMCID: PMC6443503 DOI: 10.1530/jme-18-0059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2018] [Accepted: 10/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Fetal growth restriction is one of the most common obstetrical complications resulting in significant perinatal morbidity and mortality. The most frequent etiology of human singleton fetal growth restriction is placental insufficiency, which occurs secondary to reduced utero-placental perfusion, abnormal placentation, impaired trophoblast invasion and spiral artery remodeling, resulting in altered nutrient and oxygen transport. Two nutrient-sensing proteins involved in placental development and glucose and amino acid transport are mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) and O-linked N-acetylglucosamine transferase (OGT), which are both regulated by availability of oxygen. Impairment in either of these pathways is associated with fetal growth restriction and accompanied by cellular stress in the forms of hypoxia, oxidative and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, metabolic dysfunction and nutrient starvation in the placenta. Recent evidence has emerged regarding the potential impact of nutrient sensors on fetal stress response, which occurs in a sexual dysmorphic manner, indicating a potential element of genetic gender susceptibility to fetal growth restriction. In this mini review, we focus on the known role of mTOR and OGT in placental development, nutrient regulation and response to cellular stress in human fetal growth restriction with supporting evidence from rodent models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bethany Hart
- Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Women's Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Elizabeth Morgan
- Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Women's Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Emilyn U Alejandro
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
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Gào X, Zhang Y, Burwinkel B, Xuan Y, Holleczek B, Brenner H, Schöttker B. The associations of DNA methylation alterations in oxidative stress-related genes with cancer incidence and mortality outcomes: a population-based cohort study. Clin Epigenetics 2019; 11:14. [PMID: 30678711 PMCID: PMC6346508 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-018-0604-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2018] [Accepted: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Reactive oxygen species may be involved in epigenetic gene activation or silencing. We aimed to identify CpG sites, at which DNA methylation is related to urinary 8-isoprostane levels (biomarker of lipid peroxidation) and cancer or mortality outcomes. This investigation was based on a German, population-based cohort with linkage to cancer and mortality registry data (2000–2016). Results Blood DNA methylation in promoter regions of 519 genes, known to be involved in pathways from oxidative stress (OS) to cancer, was obtained at the cohort's baseline examination. Inverse associations of DNA methylation at cg25365794 (ALOXE3) and cg08862778 (MTOR) with 8-isoprostane levels were observed in a derivation set (n = 1000) and validated in two independent subsets of the cohort (n = 548 and n = 741). Multivariate regression models were used to evaluate the associations of DNA methylation at the two CpG sites with lung, colorectal, prostate, breast, and overall cancer incidence as well as CVD, cancer, and all-cause mortality. DNA methylation at cg25365794 (ALOXE3) was inversely associated with lung and prostate cancer incidence. DNA methylation at cg08862778 (MTOR) was associated with a 43% lower breast cancer incidence in the top vs. bottom tertile. Conclusion The finding for ALOXE3 may not be causal. As ALOXE3 is mainly expressed in skin tissue, the observed association might reflect the fact that both DNA methylation at the ALOXE3 gene and urinary 8-isoprostane concentrations depend on the level of OS in tissues. Contrarily, the finding for the MTOR gene and breast cancer is biologically plausible because the MTOR protein plays an important role in PI3K/Akt signaling, which is a pathway related to cancer development and cell senescence. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13148-018-0604-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xīn Gào
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Ageing Research, German Cancer Research Center, Im Neuenheimer Feld 581, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.,Network Aging Research, University of Heidelberg, Bergheimer Straße 20, 69115, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Yan Zhang
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Ageing Research, German Cancer Research Center, Im Neuenheimer Feld 581, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 410, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Barbara Burwinkel
- Division of Molecular Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center, Im Neuenheimer Feld 581, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.,Division Molecular Biology of Breast Cancer, University Women's Clinic, Heidelberg University, Voßstraße 9, 69115, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Yang Xuan
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Ageing Research, German Cancer Research Center, Im Neuenheimer Feld 581, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.,Network Aging Research, University of Heidelberg, Bergheimer Straße 20, 69115, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Bernd Holleczek
- Saarland Cancer Registry, Krebsregister Saarland, Präsident-Baltz-Straße 5, 66119, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Hermann Brenner
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Ageing Research, German Cancer Research Center, Im Neuenheimer Feld 581, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.,Network Aging Research, University of Heidelberg, Bergheimer Straße 20, 69115, Heidelberg, Germany.,Division of Preventive Oncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Im Neuenheimer Feld 410, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 410, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ben Schöttker
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Ageing Research, German Cancer Research Center, Im Neuenheimer Feld 581, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany. .,Network Aging Research, University of Heidelberg, Bergheimer Straße 20, 69115, Heidelberg, Germany.
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Tabe Y, Saitoh K, Yang H, Sekihara K, Yamatani K, Ruvolo V, Taka H, Kaga N, Kikkawa M, Arai H, Miida T, Andreeff M, Spagnuolo PA, Konopleva M. Inhibition of FAO in AML co-cultured with BM adipocytes: mechanisms of survival and chemosensitization to cytarabine. Sci Rep 2018; 8:16837. [PMID: 30442990 PMCID: PMC6237992 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-35198-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2018] [Accepted: 10/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Adipocytes are the prevalent stromal cell type in adult bone marrow (BM), and leukemia cells continuously adapt to deficiency of nutrients acquiring chemoresistant profiles in the BM microenvironment. We have previously shown that fatty acid metabolism is a key energy pathway for survival of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cells in the adipocyte-abundant BM microenvironment. The novel fatty acid β-oxidation (FAO) inhibitor avocatin B, an odd-numbered carbon lipid derived from the avocado fruit, induced apoptosis and growth inhibition in mono-cultured AML cells. In AML cells co-cultured with BM adipocytes, FAO inhibition with avocatin B caused adaptive stimulation of free fatty acid (FFA) uptake through upregulation of FABP4 mRNA, enhanced glucose uptake and switch to glycolysis. These changes reflect the compensatory response to a shortage of FFA supply to the mitochondria, and facilitate the protection of AML cells from avocatin B-induced apoptosis in the presence of BM adipocytes. However, the combination treatment of avocatin B and conventional anti-AML therapeutic agent cytarabine (AraC) increased reactive oxygen species and demonstrated highly synergistic effects on AML cells under BM adipocyte co-culture condition. These findings highlight the potential for combination regimens of AraC and FAO inhibitors that target bone marrow-resident chemoresistant AML cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoko Tabe
- Departments of Next Generation Hematology Laboratory, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Section of Molecular Hematology and Therapy, Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- Departments of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kaori Saitoh
- Departments of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Haeun Yang
- Departments of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Departments of Leading Center for the Development Research of Cancer Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazumasa Sekihara
- Departments of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Departments of Leading Center for the Development Research of Cancer Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kotoko Yamatani
- Departments of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Vivian Ruvolo
- Section of Molecular Hematology and Therapy, Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Hikari Taka
- Division of Proteomics and BioMolecular Science, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naoko Kaga
- Division of Proteomics and BioMolecular Science, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mika Kikkawa
- Division of Proteomics and BioMolecular Science, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hajime Arai
- Division of Proteomics and BioMolecular Science, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takashi Miida
- Departments of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Michael Andreeff
- Section of Molecular Hematology and Therapy, Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Paul A Spagnuolo
- Departtment of Food Science, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Marina Konopleva
- Section of Molecular Hematology and Therapy, Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
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Tang S, Qin F, Wang X, Liang Z, Cai H, Mo L, Huang Y, Liang B, Wei X, Ao Q, Xu Y, Liu Y, Xiao D, Guo S, Lu C, Li X. H 2 O 2 induces PP2A demethylation to downregulate mTORC1 signaling in HEK293 cells. Cell Biol Int 2018; 42:1182-1191. [PMID: 29752834 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.10987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2017] [Accepted: 05/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) is a Ser/Thr protein kinase that functions as an ATP and amino acid sensor to govern cell growth and proliferation by mediating mitogen- and nutrient-dependent signal transduction. Protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A), a ubiquitously expressed serine/threonine phosphatase, negatively regulates mTOR signaling. Methylation of PP2A is catalyzed by leucine carboxyl methyltransferase-1 (LCMT1) and reversed by protein phosphatase methylesterase 1 (PME-1), which regulates PP2A activity and substrate specificity. However, whether PP2A methylation is related to mTOR signaling is still unknown. In this study, we examined the effect of PP2A methylation on mTOR signaling in HEK293 cells under oxidative stress. Our results show that oxidative stress induces PP2A demethylation and inhibits the mTORC1 signaling pathway. Next, we examined two strategies to block PP2A demethylation under oxidative stress. One strategy was to prevent PP2A demethylation using a PME-1 inhibitor; the other strategy was to activate PP2A methylation via overexpression of LCMT1. The results show that both the PME-1 inhibitor and LCMT1 overexpression prevent the mTORC1 signaling suppression induced by oxidative stress. Additionally, LCMT1 overexpression rescued cell viability and the mitochondrial membrane potential decrease in response to oxidative stress. These results demonstrate that H2 O2 induces PP2A demethylation to downregulate mTORC1 signaling. These findings provide a novel mechanism for the regulation of PP2A demethylation and mTORC1 signaling under oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shen Tang
- School of Preclinical Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, China
| | - Fu Qin
- Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Highly Prevalent Diseases, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, China.,School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, China
| | - Xinhang Wang
- Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Highly Prevalent Diseases, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, China.,School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, China
| | - Ziwei Liang
- Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Highly Prevalent Diseases, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, China.,School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, China
| | - Haiqing Cai
- Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Highly Prevalent Diseases, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, China.,School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, China
| | - Laiming Mo
- School of Preclinical Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, China
| | - Yue Huang
- School of Medicine, University of Queensland, Herston, Brisbane, QLD, 4006, Australia
| | - Boyin Liang
- Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Highly Prevalent Diseases, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, China.,School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, China
| | - Xuejing Wei
- Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Highly Prevalent Diseases, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, China.,School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, China
| | - Qingqing Ao
- Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Highly Prevalent Diseases, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, China.,School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, China
| | - Yilu Xu
- Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Highly Prevalent Diseases, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, China.,School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, China
| | - Yuyang Liu
- Hunan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Changsha, Hunan, 410005, China
| | - Deqiang Xiao
- School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, China
| | - Songchao Guo
- School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, China
| | - Cailing Lu
- Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Highly Prevalent Diseases, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, China.,School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, China
| | - Xiyi Li
- Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Highly Prevalent Diseases, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, China.,School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, China
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45
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Abstract
Hypoxia is a common feature in solid tumors and is associated with cancer progression. The main regulators of the hypoxic response are hypoxia-inducible transcription factors (HIFs) that guide the cellular adaptation to hypoxia by gene activation. The actual oxygen sensing is performed by HIF prolyl hydroxylases (PHDs) that under normoxic conditions mark the HIF-α subunit for degradation. Cancer progression is not regulated only by the cancer cells themselves but also by the whole tumor microenvironment, which consists of cellular and extracellular components. Hypoxic conditions also affect the stromal compartment, where stromal cells are in close contact with the cancer cells. The important function of HIF in cancer cells has been shown by many animal models and described in hundreds of reviews, but less in known about PHDs and even less PHDs in stromal cells. Here, we review hypoxic signaling in tumors, mainly in the tumor stroma, with a focus on HIFs and PHDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anu Laitala
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre (BRIC), University of Copenhagen (UCPH), Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Janine T Erler
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre (BRIC), University of Copenhagen (UCPH), Copenhagen, Denmark
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46
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Gao M, Li C, Xu M, Liu Y, Liu S. LncRNA UCA1 attenuates autophagy-dependent cell death through blocking autophagic flux under arsenic stress. Toxicol Lett 2017; 284:195-204. [PMID: 29248574 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2017.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2017] [Revised: 11/22/2017] [Accepted: 12/11/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Arsenic (As) is a naturally toxin which exists ubiquitously in foods and various environment media, incurring diverse toxicities and health problems. Previous studies have shown that oxidative stress, genotoxic damage and pro-apoptotic pathways are ascribed to As-associated detrimental effects. Meanwhile, epigenetic regulations (such as miRNAs and histone modifications) were also reported to contribute to As-induced adverse effects. Nonetheless, whether long non-coding RNAs (LncRNAs) are indispensable for the regulation of As-induced biological outcomes are nearly unknown. In this study, we identified that a lncRNA UCA1 was markedly induced by As treatment in human hepatocytes. Functional assessments revealed that UCA1 played a critical role in protecting hepatocytes from As-induced autophagy inhibition. Furthermore, through RNA-seq assay, oxidative stress induced growth inhibitor 1 (OSGIN1) was uncovered to be the most responsive target downstream of UCA1, and miR-184 acted as an intermediate for the regulation of UCA1 on the level of OSGIN1 through a competing endogenous RNAs (ceRNAs) mechanism. Further mechanistic investigations demonstrated that UCA1/OSGIN1 signaling contributed to As-induced autophagic flux blockage through activating mTOR/p70S6 K cascade, resulting in compromised cell death. Collectively, our study deciphered a lncRNA-dictated molecular mechanism responsible for As toxicity: UCA1 leads a protective role against As-induced cell death through blocking autophagic flux.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Changying Li
- Liver Research Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Ming Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; Key Laboratory of Ion Beam Bioengineering, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Anhui Province, Hefei, Anhui 230031, China
| | - Sijin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
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Morris G, Walder K, Carvalho AF, Tye SJ, Lucas K, Berk M, Maes M. The role of hypernitrosylation in the pathogenesis and pathophysiology of neuroprogressive diseases. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2017; 84:453-469. [PMID: 28789902 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2017.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2017] [Revised: 07/02/2017] [Accepted: 07/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
There is a wealth of data indicating that de novo protein S-nitrosylation in general and protein transnitrosylation in particular mediates the bulk of nitric oxide signalling. These processes enable redox sensing and facilitate homeostatic regulation of redox dependent protein signalling, function, stability and trafficking. Increased S-nitrosylation in an environment of increasing oxidative and nitrosative stress (O&NS) is initially a protective mechanism aimed at maintaining protein structure and function. When O&NS becomes severe, mechanisms governing denitrosylation and transnitrosylation break down leading to the pathological state referred to as hypernitrosylation (HN). Such a state has been implicated in the pathogenesis and pathophysiology of several neuropsychiatric and neurodegenerative diseases and we investigate its potential role in the development and maintenance of neuroprogressive disorders. In this paper, we propose a model whereby the hypernitrosylation of a range of functional proteins and enzymes lead to changes in activity which conspire to produce at least some of the core abnormalities contributing to the development and maintenance of pathology in these illnesses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerwyn Morris
- Tir Na Nog, Bryn Road seaside 87, Llanelli, SA152LW, Wales, United Kingdom
| | - Ken Walder
- Deakin University, The Centre for Molecular and Medical Research, School of Medicine, P.O. Box 291, Geelong, 3220, Australia
| | - André F Carvalho
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Translational Psychiatry Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, 60430-040, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Susannah J Tye
- Deakin University, The Centre for Molecular and Medical Research, School of Medicine, P.O. Box 291, Geelong, 3220, Australia; Department of Clinical Medicine and Translational Psychiatry Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, 60430-040, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil; Deakin University, IMPACT Strategic Research Centre, School of Medicine, P.O. Box 281, Geelong, 3220, Australia; Orygen Youth Health Research Centre and the Centre of Youth Mental Health, The Florey Institute for Neuroscience and Mental Health and the Department of Psychiatry, University of Melbourne, Parkville, 3052, Australia
| | - Kurt Lucas
- Multiphase Chemistry Department, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Michael Berk
- Deakin University, IMPACT Strategic Research Centre, School of Medicine, P.O. Box 281, Geelong, 3220, Australia; Orygen Youth Health Research Centre and the Centre of Youth Mental Health, The Florey Institute for Neuroscience and Mental Health and the Department of Psychiatry, University of Melbourne, Parkville, 3052, Australia.
| | - Michael Maes
- Deakin University, IMPACT Strategic Research Centre, School of Medicine, P.O. Box 281, Geelong, 3220, Australia; Department of Psychiatry, Chulalongkorn University, Faculty of Medicine, Bangkok, Thailand; Department of Psychiatry, Medical University of Plovdiv, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
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Stryeck S, Birner-Gruenberger R, Madl T. Integrative metabolomics as emerging tool to study autophagy regulation. MICROBIAL CELL (GRAZ, AUSTRIA) 2017; 4:240-258. [PMID: 28845422 PMCID: PMC5568430 DOI: 10.15698/mic2017.08.584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2017] [Accepted: 07/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Recent technological developments in metabolomics research have enabled in-depth characterization of complex metabolite mixtures in a wide range of biological, biomedical, environmental, agricultural, and nutritional research fields. Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and mass spectrometry are the two main platforms for performing metabolomics studies. Given their broad applicability and the systemic insight into metabolism that can be obtained it is not surprising that metabolomics becomes increasingly popular in basic biological research. In this review, we provide an overview on key metabolites, recent studies, and future opportunities for metabolomics in studying autophagy regulation. Metabolites play a pivotal role in autophagy regulation and are therefore key targets for autophagy research. Given the recent success of metabolomics, it can be expected that metabolomics approaches will contribute significantly to deciphering the complex regulatory mechanisms involved in autophagy in the near future and promote understanding of autophagy and autophagy-related diseases in living cells and organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Stryeck
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Center of Molecular Medicine, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Ruth Birner-Gruenberger
- Research Unit for Functional Proteomics and Metabolic Pathways, Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Tobias Madl
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Center of Molecular Medicine, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
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Carmo-Silva S, Nobrega C, Pereira de Almeida L, Cavadas C. Unraveling the Role of Ataxin-2 in Metabolism. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2017; 28:309-318. [PMID: 28117213 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2016.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2016] [Revised: 12/14/2016] [Accepted: 12/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Ataxin-2 is a polyglutamine protein implicated in several biological processes such as RNA metabolism and cytoskeleton reorganization. Ataxin-2 is highly expressed in various tissues including the hypothalamus, a brain region that controls food intake and energy balance. Ataxin-2 expression is influenced by nutritional status. Emerging studies discussed here now show that ataxin-2 deficiency correlates with insulin resistance and dyslipidemia, an action mediated via the mTOR pathway, suggesting that ataxin-2 might play key roles in metabolic homeostasis including body weight regulation, insulin sensitivity, and cellular stress responses. In this review we also discuss the relevance of ataxin-2 in the hypothalamic regulation of energy balance, and its potential as a therapeutic target in metabolic disorders such as obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Carmo-Silva
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology (CNC), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal; Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Clevio Nobrega
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Medicine, Center for Biomedical Research (CBMR), University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal
| | - Luís Pereira de Almeida
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology (CNC), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal; Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Claudia Cavadas
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology (CNC), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal; Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.
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50
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Ruf S, Heberle AM, Langelaar-Makkinje M, Gelino S, Wilkinson D, Gerbeth C, Schwarz JJ, Holzwarth B, Warscheid B, Meisinger C, van Vugt MATM, Baumeister R, Hansen M, Thedieck K. PLK1 (polo like kinase 1) inhibits MTOR complex 1 and promotes autophagy. Autophagy 2017; 13:486-505. [PMID: 28102733 PMCID: PMC5361591 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2016.1263781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2015] [Revised: 11/09/2016] [Accepted: 11/16/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (MTORC1) and polo like kinase 1 (PLK1) are major drivers of cancer cell growth and proliferation, and inhibitors of both protein kinases are currently being investigated in clinical studies. To date, MTORC1's and PLK1's functions are mostly studied separately, and reports on their mutual crosstalk are scarce. Here, we identify PLK1 as a physical MTORC1 interactor in human cancer cells. PLK1 inhibition enhances MTORC1 activity under nutrient sufficiency and in starved cells, and PLK1 directly phosphorylates the MTORC1 component RPTOR/RAPTOR in vitro. PLK1 and MTORC1 reside together at lysosomes, the subcellular site where MTORC1 is active. Consistent with an inhibitory role of PLK1 toward MTORC1, PLK1 overexpression inhibits lysosomal association of the PLK1-MTORC1 complex, whereas PLK1 inhibition promotes lysosomal localization of MTOR. PLK1-MTORC1 binding is enhanced by amino acid starvation, a condition known to increase autophagy. MTORC1 inhibition is an important step in autophagy activation. Consistently, PLK1 inhibition mitigates autophagy in cancer cells both under nutrient starvation and sufficiency, and a role of PLK1 in autophagy is also observed in the invertebrate model organism Caenorhabditis elegans. In summary, PLK1 inhibits MTORC1 and thereby positively contributes to autophagy. Since autophagy is increasingly recognized to contribute to tumor cell survival and growth, we propose that cautious monitoring of MTORC1 and autophagy readouts in clinical trials with PLK1 inhibitors is needed to develop strategies for optimized (combinatorial) cancer therapies targeting MTORC1, PLK1, and autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie Ruf
- Department of Bioinformatics and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Department of Pediatrics, Center for Liver, Digestive and Metabolic Diseases, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, AV Groningen, The Netherlands
- BIOSS Centre for Biological Signalling Studies, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Research Training Group (RTG) 1104, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Alexander Martin Heberle
- Department of Pediatrics, Center for Liver, Digestive and Metabolic Diseases, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, AV Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Miriam Langelaar-Makkinje
- Department of Pediatrics, Center for Liver, Digestive and Metabolic Diseases, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, AV Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Sara Gelino
- Program of Development, Aging and Regeneration, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Deepti Wilkinson
- Program of Development, Aging and Regeneration, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Carolin Gerbeth
- BIOSS Centre for Biological Signalling Studies, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- ZBMZ Centre for Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Research (Faculty of Medicine), University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (Faculty of Medicine), University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Jennifer Jasmin Schwarz
- Department of Biochemistry and Functional Proteomics, Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Spemann Graduate School of Biology and Medicine (SGBM), University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Birgit Holzwarth
- Department of Bioinformatics and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Bettina Warscheid
- BIOSS Centre for Biological Signalling Studies, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Department of Biochemistry and Functional Proteomics, Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Spemann Graduate School of Biology and Medicine (SGBM), University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Chris Meisinger
- BIOSS Centre for Biological Signalling Studies, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- ZBMZ Centre for Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Research (Faculty of Medicine), University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (Faculty of Medicine), University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Marcel A. T. M. van Vugt
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Research Center Groningen, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, GZ Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Ralf Baumeister
- Department of Bioinformatics and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- BIOSS Centre for Biological Signalling Studies, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Research Training Group (RTG) 1104, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- ZBMZ Centre for Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Research (Faculty of Medicine), University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Spemann Graduate School of Biology and Medicine (SGBM), University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Malene Hansen
- Program of Development, Aging and Regeneration, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Kathrin Thedieck
- Department of Pediatrics, Center for Liver, Digestive and Metabolic Diseases, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, AV Groningen, The Netherlands
- Department for Neuroscience, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Carl von Ossietzky University Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany
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