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Li Z, Hu T, Li R, Li J, Wang Y, Li Y, Lin Y, Wang Y, Jiani X. Effect of DHCR7 on adipocyte differentiation in goats. Anim Biotechnol 2024; 35:2298399. [PMID: 38157229 DOI: 10.1080/10495398.2023.2298399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Cholesterol is regarded as a signaling molecule in regulating the metabolism and function of fat cells, in which 7-Dehydrocholesterol reductase (DHCR7) is a key enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of 7-dehydrocholesterol to cholesterol, however, the exact function of DHCR7 in goat adipocytes remains unknown. Here, the effect of DHCR7 on the formation of subcutaneous and intramuscular fat in goats was investigated in vitro, and the result indicated that the mRNA level of DHCR7 showed a gradual downward trend in subcutaneous adipogenesis, but an opposite trend in intramuscular adipogenesis. In the process of subcutaneous preadipocytes differentiation, overexpression of DHCR7 inhibited the expression of adipocytes differentiation marker genes (CEBP/α, CEBP/β, SREBP1 and AP2), lipid metabolism-related genes (AGPAT6, FASN, SCD1 and LPL), and the lipid accumulation. However, in intramuscular preadipocyte differentiation, DHCR7 overexpression showed a promoting effect on adipocyte differentiation marker genes (CEBP/α, CEBP/β, PPARγ and SREBP1) and lipid metabolism-related genes (GPAM, AGPAT6, DGAT1 and SCD1) expression, and on lipid accumulation. In summary, our work demonstrated that DHCR7 played an important role in regulating adipogenic differentiation and lipid metabolism in preadipocytes in goats, which is of great significance for uncovering the underlying molecular mechanism of adipocyte differentiation and improving goat meat quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhibin Li
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau Animal Genetic Resource Protection and Utilization of Ministry of Education/Sichuan Province, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, China
- Chengdu Women's and Children's Central Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Tingting Hu
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau Animal Genetic Resource Protection and Utilization of Ministry of Education/Sichuan Province, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, China
- Chengdu Women's and Children's Central Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Ruiwen Li
- Chengdu Women's and Children's Central Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Jinlan Li
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau Animal Genetic Resource Protection and Utilization of Ministry of Education/Sichuan Province, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Youli Wang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau Animal Genetic Resource Protection and Utilization of Ministry of Education/Sichuan Province, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, China
- Chengdu Women's and Children's Central Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Yanyan Li
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau Animal Genetic Resource Protection and Utilization of Ministry of Education/Sichuan Province, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, China
- Chengdu Women's and Children's Central Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Yaqiu Lin
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau Animal Genetic Resource Protection and Utilization of Ministry of Education/Sichuan Province, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, China
- Chengdu Women's and Children's Central Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Yong Wang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau Animal Genetic Resource Protection and Utilization of Ministry of Education/Sichuan Province, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, China
- Chengdu Women's and Children's Central Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Xing Jiani
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau Animal Genetic Resource Protection and Utilization of Ministry of Education/Sichuan Province, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, China
- Chengdu Women's and Children's Central Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
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Giacobbi AS, Meyer L, Ribot M, Yvinec R, Soula H, Audebert C. Mathematical modeling of adipocyte size distributions: Identifiability and parameter estimation from rat data. J Theor Biol 2024; 581:111747. [PMID: 38278344 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtbi.2024.111747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2024] [Indexed: 01/28/2024]
Abstract
Fat cells, called adipocytes, are designed to regulate energy homeostasis by storing energy in the form of lipids. Adipocyte size distribution is assumed to play a role in the development of obesity-related diseases. These cells that do not have a characteristic size, indeed a bimodal size distribution is observed in adipose tissue. We propose a model based on a partial differential equation to describe adipocyte size distribution. The model includes a description of the lipid fluxes and the cell size fluctuations and using a formulation of a stationary solution fast computation of bimodal distribution is achieved. We investigate the parameter identifiability and estimate parameter values with CMA-ES algorithm. We first validate the procedure on synthetic data, then we estimate parameter values with experimental data of 32 rats. We discuss the estimated parameter values and their variability within the population, as well as the relation between estimated values and their biological significance. Finally, a sensitivity analysis is performed to specify the influence of parameters on cell size distribution and explain the differences between the model and the measurements. The proposed framework enables the characterization of adipocyte size distribution with four parameters and can be easily adapted to measurements of cell size distribution in different health conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Sophie Giacobbi
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Institut de Biologie Paris-Seine (IBPS), Laboratory of Computational and Quantitative Biology UMR 7238, 75005 Paris, France.
| | - Leo Meyer
- Institut Denis Poisson, Université d'Orléans, CNRS, Université de Tours, 45067 Orléans, France
| | - Magali Ribot
- Institut Denis Poisson, Université d'Orléans, CNRS, Université de Tours, 45067 Orléans, France
| | - Romain Yvinec
- PRC, INRAE, CNRS, Université de Tours, 37380 Nouzilly, France; Université Paris-Saclay, Inria, Centre Inria de Saclay, 91120 Palaiseau, France
| | - Hedi Soula
- Nutriomics, La Pitié-Salpétrière, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Chloe Audebert
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Institut de Biologie Paris-Seine (IBPS), Laboratory of Computational and Quantitative Biology UMR 7238, 75005 Paris, France; Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Université de Paris, Laboratoire Jacques-Louis Lions UMR 7598, 75005 Paris, France.
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3
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Meyer L, Ribot M, Yvinec R. A Lifshitz-Slyozov type model for adipocyte size dynamics: limit from Becker-Döring system and numerical simulation. J Math Biol 2024; 88:16. [PMID: 38231273 DOI: 10.1007/s00285-023-02036-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
Biological data show that the size distribution of adipose cells follows a bimodal distribution. In this work, we introduce a Lifshitz-Slyozov type model, based on a transport partial differential equation, for the dynamics of the size distribution of adipose cells. We prove a new convergence result from the related Becker-Döring model, a system composed of several ordinary differential equations, toward mild solutions of the Lifshitz-Slyozov model using distribution tail techniques. Then, this result allows us to propose a new advective-diffusive model, the second-order diffusive Lifshitz-Slyozov model, which is expected to better fit the experimental data. Numerical simulations of the solutions to the diffusive Lifshitz-Slyozov model are performed using a well-balanced scheme and compared to solutions to the transport model. Those simulations show that both bimodal and unimodal profiles can be reached asymptotically depending on several parameters. We put in evidence that the asymptotic profile for the second-order system does not depend on initial conditions, unlike for the transport Lifshitz-Slyozov model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Léo Meyer
- Institut Denis Poisson, Université d'Orléans, Orléans, France.
| | - Magali Ribot
- Institut Denis Poisson, Université d'Orléans, Orléans, France
| | - Romain Yvinec
- Inria, Centre Inria de Saclay, Université Paris-Saclay, Palaiseau, France
- PRC, INRAE, CNRS, Université de Tours, Nouzilly, France
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4
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Félix-Soriano E, Sáinz N, Gil-Iturbe E, Castilla-Madrigal R, Celay J, Fernández-Galilea M, Pejenaute Á, Lostao MP, Martínez-Climent JA, Moreno-Aliaga MJ. Differential remodeling of subcutaneous white and interscapular brown adipose tissue by long-term exercise training in aged obese female mice. J Physiol Biochem 2023:10.1007/s13105-023-00964-2. [PMID: 37204588 DOI: 10.1007/s13105-023-00964-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Obesity exacerbates aging-induced adipose tissue dysfunction. This study aimed to investigate the effects of long-term exercise on inguinal white adipose tissue (iWAT) and interscapular brown adipose tissue (iBAT) of aged obese mice. Two-month-old female mice received a high-fat diet for 4 months. Then, six-month-old diet-induced obese animals were allocated to sedentarism (DIO) or to a long-term treadmill training (DIOEX) up to 18 months of age. In exercised mice, iWAT depot revealed more adaptability, with an increase in the expression of fatty acid oxidation genes (Cpt1a, Acox1), and an amelioration of the inflammatory status, with a favorable modulation of pro/antiinflammatory genes and lower macrophage infiltration. Additionally, iWAT of trained animals showed an increment in the expression of mitochondrial biogenesis (Pgc1a, Tfam, Nrf1), thermogenesis (Ucp1), and beige adipocytes genes (Cd137, Tbx1). In contrast, iBAT of aged obese mice was less responsive to exercise. Indeed, although an increase in functional brown adipocytes genes and proteins (Pgc1a, Prdm16 and UCP1) was observed, few changes were found on inflammation-related and fatty acid metabolism genes. The remodeling of iWAT and iBAT depots occurred along with an improvement in the HOMA index for insulin resistance and in glucose tolerance. In conclusion, long-term exercise effectively prevented the loss of iWAT and iBAT thermogenic properties during aging and obesity. In iWAT, the long-term exercise program also reduced the inflammatory status and stimulated a fat-oxidative gene profile. These exercise-induced adipose tissue adaptations could contribute to the beneficial effects on glucose homeostasis in aged obese mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Félix-Soriano
- University of Navarra; Center for Nutrition Research and Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Physiology; School of Pharmacy and Nutrition, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Neira Sáinz
- University of Navarra; Center for Nutrition Research and Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Physiology; School of Pharmacy and Nutrition, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Eva Gil-Iturbe
- University of Navarra; Center for Nutrition Research and Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Physiology; School of Pharmacy and Nutrition, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Rosa Castilla-Madrigal
- University of Navarra; Center for Nutrition Research and Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Physiology; School of Pharmacy and Nutrition, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Jon Celay
- Division of Hemato-Oncology, Center for Applied Medical Research CIMA, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- CIBERONC, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Fernández-Galilea
- University of Navarra; Center for Nutrition Research and Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Physiology; School of Pharmacy and Nutrition, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Álvaro Pejenaute
- University of Navarra; Center for Nutrition Research and Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Physiology; School of Pharmacy and Nutrition, Pamplona, Spain
- CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN). Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - M Pilar Lostao
- University of Navarra; Center for Nutrition Research and Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Physiology; School of Pharmacy and Nutrition, Pamplona, Spain
- CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN). Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
- IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, Pamplona, Spain
| | - José A Martínez-Climent
- Division of Hemato-Oncology, Center for Applied Medical Research CIMA, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- CIBERONC, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
- IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, Pamplona, Spain
| | - María J Moreno-Aliaga
- University of Navarra; Center for Nutrition Research and Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Physiology; School of Pharmacy and Nutrition, Pamplona, Spain.
- CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN). Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain.
- IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, Pamplona, Spain.
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Ibáñez CA, Lira-León G, Reyes-Castro LA, Rodríguez-González GL, Lomas-Soria C, Hernández-Rojas A, Bravo-Flores E, Solis-Paredes JM, Estrada-Gutierrez G, Zambrano E. Programming Mechanism of Adipose Tissue Expansion in the Rat Offspring of Obese Mothers Occurs in a Sex-Specific Manner. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15102245. [PMID: 37242132 DOI: 10.3390/nu15102245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2023] [Revised: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
We investigated whether excessive retroperitoneal adipose tissue (AT) expansion programmed by maternal obesity (MO) affects adipocyte size distribution and gene expression in relation to adipocyte proliferation and differentiation in male and female offspring (F1) from control (F1C) and obese (F1MO) mothers. Female Wistar rats (F0) ate a control or high-fat diet from weaning through pregnancy and lactation. F1 were weaned onto a control diet and euthanized at 110 postnatal days. Fat depots were weighed to estimate the total AT. Serum glucose, triglyceride, leptin, insulin, and the insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR) were determined. Adipocyte size and adipogenic gene expression were examined in retroperitoneal fat. Body weight, retroperitoneal AT and adipogenesis differed between male and female F1Cs. Retroperitoneal AT, glucose, triglyceride, insulin, HOMA-IR and leptin were higher in male and female F1MO vs. F1C. Small adipocytes were reduced in F1MO females and absent in F1MO males; large adipocytes were increased in F1MO males and females vs. F1C. Wnt, PI3K-Akt, and insulin signaling pathways in F1MO males and Egr2 in F1MO females were downregulated vs. F1C. MO induced metabolic dysfunction in F1 through different sex dimorphism mechanisms, including the decreased expression of pro-adipogenic genes and reduced insulin signaling in males and lipid mobilization-related genes in females.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos A Ibáñez
- Departamento de Biología de la Reproducción, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City 14080, Mexico
| | - Gabriela Lira-León
- Departamento de Biología de la Reproducción, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City 14080, Mexico
| | - Luis A Reyes-Castro
- Departamento de Biología de la Reproducción, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City 14080, Mexico
| | - Guadalupe L Rodríguez-González
- Departamento de Biología de la Reproducción, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City 14080, Mexico
| | - Consuelo Lomas-Soria
- Departamento de Biología de la Reproducción, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City 14080, Mexico
- CONACyT-Cátedras, Investigador por México, Departamento de Biología de la Reproducción, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición SZ, Mexico City 14080, Mexico
| | - Alejandra Hernández-Rojas
- Departamento de Biología de la Reproducción, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City 14080, Mexico
| | - Eyerahí Bravo-Flores
- Departamento de Inmunobioquímica, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología Isidro Espinosa de los Reyes, Mexico City 11000, Mexico
| | - Juan Mario Solis-Paredes
- Departamento de Investigación en Salud Reproductiva y Perinatal, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología Isidro Espinosa de los Reyes, Mexico City 11000, Mexico
| | - Guadalupe Estrada-Gutierrez
- Dirección de Investigación, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología Isidro Espinosa de los Reyes, Mexico City 11000, Mexico
| | - Elena Zambrano
- Departamento de Biología de la Reproducción, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City 14080, Mexico
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6
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Dickson E, Fryklund C, Soylu-Kucharz R, Sjögren M, Stenkula KG, Björkqvist M. Altered Adipocyte Cell Size Distribution Prior to Weight Loss in the R6/2 Model of Huntington's Disease. J Huntingtons Dis 2023; 12:253-266. [PMID: 37718850 DOI: 10.3233/jhd-230587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metabolic alterations contribute to disease onset and prognosis of Huntington's disease (HD). Weight loss in the R6/2 mouse model of HD is a consistent feature, with onset in mid-to-late stage of disease. OBJECTIVE In the present study, we aimed to investigate molecular and functional changes in white adipose tissue (WAT) that occur at weight loss in R6/2 mice. We further elaborated on the effect of leptin-deficiency and early obesity in R6/2 mice. METHODS We performed analyses at 12 weeks of age; a time point that coincides with the start of weight loss in our R6/2 mouse colony. Gonadal (visceral) and inguinal (subcutaneous) WAT depot weights were monitored, as well as adipocyte size distribution. Response to isoprenaline-stimulated glycerol release and insulin-stimulated glucose uptake in adipocytes from gonadal WAT was assessed. RESULTS In R6/2 mice, WAT depot weights were comparable to wildtype (WT) mice, and the response to insulin and isoprenaline in gonadal adipocytes was unaltered. Leptin-deficient R6/2 mice exhibited distinct changes compared to leptin-deficient WT mice. At 12 weeks, female leptin-deficient R6/2 mice had reduced body weight accompanied by an increased proportion of smaller adipocytes, while in contrast; male mice displayed a shift towards larger adipocyte sizes without a significant body weight reduction at this timepoint. CONCLUSIONS We here show that there are early sex-specific changes in adipocyte cell size distribution in WAT of R6/2 mice and leptin-deficient R6/2 mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elna Dickson
- Brain Disease Biomarker Unit, Wallenberg Neuroscience Center, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Claes Fryklund
- Glucose Transport and Protein Trafficking, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Rana Soylu-Kucharz
- Brain Disease Biomarker Unit, Wallenberg Neuroscience Center, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Marie Sjögren
- Brain Disease Biomarker Unit, Wallenberg Neuroscience Center, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Karin G Stenkula
- Glucose Transport and Protein Trafficking, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Maria Björkqvist
- Brain Disease Biomarker Unit, Wallenberg Neuroscience Center, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
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7
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High-fat diet consumption by male rat offspring of obese mothers exacerbates adipose tissue hypertrophy and metabolic alterations in adult life. Br J Nutr 2022:1-10. [PMID: 36412162 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114522003737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Obese mothers' offspring develop obesity and metabolic alterations in adulthood. Poor postnatal dietary patterns also contribute to obesity and its comorbidities. We aimed to determine whether in obese mothers' offspring an adverse postnatal environment, such as high-fat diet (HFD) consumption (second hit) exacerbates body fat accumulation, metabolic alterations and adipocyte size distribution. Female Wistar rats ate chow (C-5 %-fat) or HFD (maternal obesity (MO)-25 %-fat) from weaning until the end of lactation. Male offspring were weaned on either control (C/C and MO/C, maternal diet/offspring diet) or HFD (C/HF and MO/HF) diet. At 110 postnatal days, offspring were killed. Fat depots were excised to estimate adiposity index (AI). Serum glucose, triglyceride, leptin, insulin, insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR), corticosterone and dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) were determined. Adipocyte size distribution was evaluated in retroperitoneal fat. Body weight was similar in C/C and MO/C but higher in C/HF and MO/HF. AI, leptin, insulin and HOMA-IR were higher in MO/C and C/HF v. C/C but lower than MO/HF. Glucose increased in MO/HF v. MO/C. C/HF and MO/C had higher triglyceride and corticosterone than C/C, but lower corticosterone than MO/HF. DHEA and the DHEA/corticosterone ratio were lower in C/HF and MO/C v. C/C, but higher than MO/HF. Small adipocyte proportion decreased while large adipocyte proportions increased in MO/C and C/HF v. C/C and exacerbated in MO/HF v. C/HF. Postnatal consumption of a HFD by the offspring of obese mothers exacerbates body fat accumulation as well as the decrease of small and the increase of large adipocytes, which leads to larger metabolic abnormalities.
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8
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Insights into the toxicity and biodegradation of fipronil in contaminated environment. Microbiol Res 2022; 266:127247. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2022.127247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2022] [Revised: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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9
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Huang P, Hansen JS, Saba KH, Bergman A, Negoita F, Gourdon P, Hagström-Andersson A, Lindkvist-Petersson K. Aquaglyceroporins and orthodox aquaporins in human adipocytes. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2022; 1864:183795. [PMID: 34627746 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2021.183795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Aquaporins play a crucial role in water homeostasis in the human body, and recently the physiological importance of aquaporins as glycerol channels have been demonstrated. The aquaglyceroporins (AQP3, AQP7, AQP9 and AQP10) represent key glycerol channels, enabling glycerol flux across the membranes of cells. Adipocytes are the major source of glycerol and during lipolysis, glycerol is released to be metabolized by other tissues through a well-orchestrated process. Here we show that both AQP3 and AQP7 bind to the lipid droplet protein perilipin 1 (PLIN1), suggesting that PLIN1 is involved in the coordination of the subcellular translocation of aquaglyceroporins in human adipocytes. Moreover, in addition to aquaglyceroporins, we discovered by transcriptome sequencing that AQP1 is expressed in human primary adipocytes. AQP1 is mainly a water channel and thus is thought to be involved in the response to hyper-osmotic stress by efflux of water during hyperglycemia. Thus, this data suggests a contribution of both orthodox aquaporin and aquaglyceroporin in human adipocytes to maintain the homeostasis of glycerol and water during fasting and feeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Huang
- Experimental Medical Science, Medical Structural Biology, BMC C13, Lund University, SE-221 84 Lund, Sweden
| | - Jesper S Hansen
- Experimental Medical Science, Medical Structural Biology, BMC C13, Lund University, SE-221 84 Lund, Sweden
| | - Karim H Saba
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Clinical Genetics, BMC C13, Lund University, 22184 SE Lund, Sweden
| | - Anna Bergman
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Clinical Genetics, BMC C13, Lund University, 22184 SE Lund, Sweden
| | - Florentina Negoita
- Experimental Medical Science, BMC C11, Lund University, SE-221 84 Lund, Sweden
| | - Pontus Gourdon
- Experimental Medical Science, Medical Structural Biology, BMC C13, Lund University, SE-221 84 Lund, Sweden
| | - Anna Hagström-Andersson
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Clinical Genetics, BMC C13, Lund University, 22184 SE Lund, Sweden
| | - Karin Lindkvist-Petersson
- Experimental Medical Science, Medical Structural Biology, BMC C13, Lund University, SE-221 84 Lund, Sweden; LINXS-Lund Institute of Advanced Neutron and X-ray Science, Scheelevägen 19, SE-223 70 Lund, Sweden.
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10
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Weiss RA, Bernardy J, Tichy F. Simultaneous Application of High-Intensity Focused Electromagnetic and Synchronized Radiofrequency for Fat Disruption: Histological and Electron Microscopy Porcine Model Study. Dermatol Surg 2021; 47:1059-1064. [PMID: 34115683 DOI: 10.1097/dss.0000000000003091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Radiofrequency (RF) and high-intensity focused electromagnetic (HIFEM) technologies are used for noninvasive body shaping as standalone modalities. OBJECTIVE To examine the effects of novel synchronized RF and HIFEM on subcutaneous adipose tissue in a porcine animal model. MATERIALS AND METHODS Seven large white pigs aged 6 months received 3 abdominal treatments of simultaneous application of synchronized RF and HIFEM (30 minutes, once per week). Punch biopsies of treated and control subcutaneous tissue were collected at the baseline, 4 days, 2 weeks, 1 month, and 2 months. Specimens were examined by light and scanning electron microscopy. Adipocyte volume was analyzed. Fat tissue temperature was measured in situ (fiber optic probes) and superficially (thermal imager). RESULTS Fat layer was heated to temperatures of 42 to 45°C. Signs of fat apoptosis (shape alternations and pyknotic nuclei) appeared at day 4 and peaked between 2 weeks and 1 month. Adipocyte volume decreased significantly (p < .001) by 31.1% at 2 weeks, 1 month (-23.6%), and 2 months (-22.0%). Control samples showed healthy adipocytes. Scanning electron microscopy micrographs corroborated histology findings, showing flattened, volume-depleted and disrupted adipocytes. CONCLUSION Synchronized RF with HIFEM procedure resulted in a significant and sustained fat reduction with no adverse events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert A Weiss
- Maryland Laser Skin, & Vein Institute, Hunt Valley, Maryland
| | | | - Frantisek Tichy
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, CZ
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Karunakaran RS, Lokanatha O, Muni Swamy G, Venkataramaiah C, Muni Kesavulu M, Appa Rao C, Badri KR, Balaji M. Anti-Obesity and Lipid Lowering Activity of Bauhiniastatin-1 is Mediated Through PPAR-γ/AMPK Expressions in Diet-Induced Obese Rat Model. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:704074. [PMID: 34366856 PMCID: PMC8341109 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.704074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: To evaluate the therapeutic efficacy and underlying molecular mechanisms of Bauhiniastatin-1 (BSTN1) to alleviate adiposity in diet-induced obese rodent model and in 3T3-L1 cells. Methods: BSTN1 was purified and confirmed through HPLC. In-vitro experiments such as MTT assay, Oil Red-O (ORO) stain, cellular lipid content, glycerol release and RT-PCR analysis were performed in 3T3-L1 cells in the presence and absence of BSTN1. In animal experiments, rats were divided into Group-I: normal pellet diet-fed, Group-II: HFD-fed, Groups-III, IV and V: HFD-fed BSTN1 (1.25, 2.5, and 5 mg/kg.b.wt./day/rat)-treated and Group-VI: HFD-fed Orlistat-treated. The rats were fed either normal diet or high fat diet (HFD) for 18 weeks and water ad-libitum. BSTN1 was orally administered from 13th week onwards to the selected HFD-fed groups. Body composition parameters, biochemical assays, histopathology examination and western blot analysis were performed to identify the predicted targets related to obesity. Molecular docking studies threw light on the binding interactions of BSTN1 against PPAR-γ, FAS and AMPK. Results: BSTN1 at 20 μM significantly (p < 0.001) inhibited adipocyte differentiation and lipid accumulation in 3T3-L1 cells. A conspicuous down-regulation in the mRNA expression levels of PPAR-γ, FAS and SREBP1 was observed but AMPK expression remained unchanged in BSTN1 treated 3T3-L1 cells. A substantial decrease in body weight gain, fat percent, total body fat, serum and liver lipid profile (except high-density lipoprotein), glucose, insulin and insulin resistance in BSTN1 treated rats was noticed in a dose dependent manner. In BSTN1 (5 mg/kg.b.wt.)-treated groups significantly (p < 0.01) elevated plasma adiponectin level but reduced leptin level as well as fall in serum AST and ALT were noticed. Further, the disturbed structural integrity and architecture of adipose and hepatic tissues due to high fat diet feeding were considerably recovered with BSTN1 treatment. Down-regulation in the protein expression level of PPAR-γ and activation of AMPK through phosphorylation was observed in BSTN1 treated rats than the untreated. Molecular docking studies revealed strong binding interactions of BSTN1 against PPAR-γ and AMPK and thus supported the experimental results. Conclusion: Taken together, the results suggest that BSTN1 could be a promising pharmacological molecule in the treatment of obesity and dyslipidemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reddy Sankaran Karunakaran
- Division of Cell Culture and Molecular Biology, Department of Biochemistry, Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupati, India
| | - Oruganti Lokanatha
- Division of Cell Culture and Molecular Biology, Department of Biochemistry, Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupati, India
| | - Ganjayi Muni Swamy
- Division of Cell Culture and Molecular Biology, Department of Biochemistry, Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupati, India
| | - Chintha Venkataramaiah
- Division of Molecular Biology, Department of Zoology, Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupati, India
| | - Muppuru Muni Kesavulu
- Department of Basic Sciences and Humanities, Sree Vidyanikethan Engineering College, Tirupati, India
| | - Chippada Appa Rao
- Division of Cell Culture and Molecular Biology, Department of Biochemistry, Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupati, India
| | - Kameswara Rao Badri
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Meriga Balaji
- Division of Cell Culture and Molecular Biology, Department of Biochemistry, Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupati, India
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12
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Laolob T, Bunyapraphatsara N, Waranuch N, Pongcharoen S, Punyain W, Chancharunee S, Sakchaisri K, Pratuangdejkul J, Chongruchiroj S, Kielar F, Wichai U. Enhancement of Lipolysis in 3T3-L1 Adipocytes by Nitroarene Capsaicinoid Analogs. Nat Prod Commun 2021. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x20987949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) activation by capsaicin binding increased intracellular calcium influx and stimulated adipocyte-to-adipocyte communication, leading to lipolysis. Generally, enhancement of π-stacking capabilities improves certain binding interactions. Notably, nitroarenes exhibit strong binding interactions with aromatic amino acid side chains in proteins. New capsaicinoid analogs were designed by substitution of the OCH3 group with a nitrogen dioxide (NO2) group on the vanillyl ring to investigate how π-stacking interactions in capsaicinoid analogs contribute to lipolysis. Capsaicinoid analogs, nitro capsaicin (5), and nitro dihydrocapsaicin (6) were prepared in moderate yields via coupling of a nitroaromatic amine salt and fatty acids. Oil Red O staining and triglyceride assays with 10 µM loading of capsaicin (CAP), dihydrocapsaicin (DHC), 5, and 6 were performed to investigate their effect on lipolysis in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Both assay results indicated that 5 and 6 decreased lipid accumulation by 13.6% and 14.7%, respectively, and significantly reduced triglyceride content by 26.9% and 28.4%, respectively, in comparison with the control experiment. Furthermore, the decrease in triglyceride content observed in response to nitroarene capsaicinoid analogs was approximately 2-folds higher than that of CAP and DHC. These results arose from the NO2 group augmented π-π stacking with Tyr511 and the attractive charge interaction with Glu570 affecting binding interactions with TRPV1 receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thanet Laolob
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, Thailand
| | | | - Neti Waranuch
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, Thailand
| | - Sutatip Pongcharoen
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, Thailand
| | - Wikorn Punyain
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, Thailand
| | - Sirirat Chancharunee
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Krisada Sakchaisri
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | | | - Sumet Chongruchiroj
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Filip Kielar
- Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence in Biomaterials, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, Thailand
| | - Uthai Wichai
- Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence in Biomaterials, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, Thailand
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13
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Schopow N, Kallendrusch S, Gong S, Rapp F, Körfer J, Gericke M, Spindler N, Josten C, Langer S, Bechmann I. Examination of ex-vivo viability of human adipose tissue slice culture. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0233152. [PMID: 32453755 PMCID: PMC7250419 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0233152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is associated with significantly higher mortality rates, and excess adipose tissue is involved in respective pathologies. Here we established a human adipose tissue slice cultures (HATSC) model ex vivo. HATSC match the in vivo cell composition of human adipose tissue with, among others, mature adipocytes, mesenchymal stem cells as well as stroma tissue and immune cells. This is a new method, optimized for live imaging, to study adipose tissue and cell-based mechanisms of obesity in particular. HATSC survival was tested by means of conventional and immunofluorescence histological techniques, functional analyses and live imaging. Surgery-derived tissue was cut with a tissue chopper in 500 μm sections and transferred onto membranes building an air-liquid interface. HATSC were cultured in six-well plates filled with Dulbecco’s Modified Eagle’s Medium (DMEM), insulin, transferrin, and selenium, both with and without serum. After 0, 1, 7 and 14 days in vitro, slices were fixated and analyzed by morphology and Perilipin A for tissue viability. Immunofluorescent staining against IBA1, CD68 and Ki67 was performed to determine macrophage survival and proliferation. These experiments showed preservation of adipose tissue as well as survival and proliferation of monocytes and stroma tissue for at least 14 days in vitro even in the absence of serum. The physiological capabilities of adipocytes were functionally tested by insulin stimulation and measurement of Phospho-Akt on day 7 and 14 in vitro. Viability was further confirmed by live imaging using Calcein-AM (viable cells) and propidium iodide (apoptosis/necrosis). In conclusion, HATSC have been successfully established by preserving the monovacuolar form of adipocytes and surrounding macrophages and connective tissue. This model allows further analysis of mature human adipose tissue biology ex vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolas Schopow
- Institute of Anatomy, University Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Department for Orthopedics, Trauma Surgery, and Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- * E-mail:
| | | | - Siming Gong
- Institute of Anatomy, University Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Department for Orthopedics, Trauma Surgery, and Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Felicitas Rapp
- Institute of Anatomy, University Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Justus Körfer
- Institute of Anatomy, University Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- University Cancer Center Leipzig (UCCL), University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Martin Gericke
- Institute of Anatomy, University Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Nick Spindler
- Department for Orthopedics, Trauma Surgery, and Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Christoph Josten
- Department for Orthopedics, Trauma Surgery, and Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Stefan Langer
- Department for Orthopedics, Trauma Surgery, and Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Ingo Bechmann
- Institute of Anatomy, University Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
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14
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Zhang X, Yuan L, Jiang J, Hu J, du Rietz A, Cao H, Zhang R, Tian X, Zhang F, Ma Y, Zhang Z, Uvdal K, Hu Z. Light-Up Lipid Droplets Dynamic Behaviors Using a Red-Emitting Fluorogenic Probe. Anal Chem 2020; 92:3613-3619. [PMID: 32037803 PMCID: PMC7307831 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b04410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
![]()
Intracellular lipid
metabolism occurs in lipid droplets (LDs),
which is critical to the survival of cells. Imaging LDs is an intuitive
way to understand their physiology in live cells. However, this is
limited by the availability of specific probes that can properly visualize
LDs in vivo. Here, an LDs-specific red-emitting probe is proposed
to address this need, which is not merely with an ultrahigh signal-to-noise
(S/N) ratio and a large Stokes shift (up to 214 nm) but also with
superior resistance to photobleaching. The probe has been successfully
applied to real-time tracking of intracellular LDs behaviors, including
fusion, migration, and lipophagy processes. We deem that the proposed
probe here offers a new possibility for deeper understanding of LDs-associated
behaviors, elucidation of their roles and mechanisms in cellular metabolism,
and determination of the transition between adaptive lipid storage
and lipotoxicity as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zhang
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Linköping University, Linköping 58183, Sweden
| | - Lin Yuan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Jianxia Jiang
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Linköping University, Linköping 58183, Sweden.,Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices State, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Jiwen Hu
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Linköping University, Linköping 58183, Sweden
| | - Anna du Rietz
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Linköping University, Linköping 58183, Sweden
| | - Hongzhi Cao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Ruilong Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Xiaohe Tian
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Fengling Zhang
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Linköping University, Linköping 58183, Sweden
| | - Yuguang Ma
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices State, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Zhongping Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Kajsa Uvdal
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Linköping University, Linköping 58183, Sweden
| | - Zhangjun Hu
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Linköping University, Linköping 58183, Sweden
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15
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Carlin G, Chaumontet C, Blachier F, Barbillon P, Darcel N, Delteil C, van der Beek EM, Kodde A, van de Heijning BJM, Tomé D, Davila AM. Perinatal exposure of rats to a maternal diet with varying protein quantity and quality affects the risk of overweight in female adult offspring. J Nutr Biochem 2020; 79:108333. [PMID: 32045724 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2019.108333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Revised: 11/30/2019] [Accepted: 12/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The maternal protein diet during the perinatal period can program the health of adult offspring. This study in rats evaluated the effects of protein quantity and quality in the maternal diet during gestation and lactation on weight and adiposity in female offspring. Six groups of dams were fed a high-protein (HP; 47% protein) or normal-protein (NP; 19% protein) isocaloric diet during gestation (G) using either cow's milk (M), pea (P) or turkey (T) proteins. During lactation, all dams received the NP diet (protein source unchanged). From postnatal day (PND) 28 until PND70, female pups (n=8) from the dam milk groups were exposed to either an NP milk diet (NPMW) or to dietary self-selection (DSS). All other pups were only exposed to DSS. The DSS design was a choice between five food cups containing HPM, HPP, HPT, carbohydrates or lipids. The weights and food intakes of the animals were recorded throughout the study, and samples from offspring were collected on PND70. During the lactation and postweaning periods, body weight was lower in the pea and turkey groups (NPG and HPG) versus the milk group (P<.0001). DSS groups increased their total energy and fat intakes compared to the NPMW group (P<.0001). In all HPG groups, total adipose tissue was increased (P=.03) associated with higher fasting plasma leptin (P<.05). These results suggest that the maternal protein source impacted offspring body weight and that protein excess during gestation, irrespective of its source, increased the risk of adiposity development in female adult offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabrielle Carlin
- Université Paris-Saclay, AgroParisTech, INRAE, UMR PNCA, 75005, Paris, France
| | | | - François Blachier
- Université Paris-Saclay, AgroParisTech, INRAE, UMR PNCA, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Pierre Barbillon
- Université Paris-Saclay, AgroParisTech, INRAE, UMR MIA-Paris, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Nicolas Darcel
- Université Paris-Saclay, AgroParisTech, INRAE, UMR PNCA, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Corine Delteil
- Université Paris-Saclay, AgroParisTech, INRAE, UMR PNCA, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Eline M van der Beek
- Danone Nutricia Research, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Pediatrics, University Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Andrea Kodde
- Danone Nutricia Research, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | | | - Daniel Tomé
- Université Paris-Saclay, AgroParisTech, INRAE, UMR PNCA, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Anne-Marie Davila
- Université Paris-Saclay, AgroParisTech, INRAE, UMR PNCA, 75005, Paris, France.
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16
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Kinney BM, Kanakov D, Yonkova P. Histological examination of skin tissue in the porcine animal model after simultaneous and consecutive application of monopolar radiofrequency and targeted pressure energy. J Cosmet Dermatol 2020; 19:93-101. [PMID: 31794139 PMCID: PMC7004092 DOI: 10.1111/jocd.13235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The cosmetic appearance of skin is substantially influenced by the organization of connective fibers and underlying subcutaneous tissue. It has been previously documented that radiofrequency and pressure energies alone are able to improve skin appearance; however, detailed histological evaluation should be done to determine their synergistic effect. AIMS This histological study investigates the difference between simultaneous and consecutive application of monopolar radiofrequency with targeted pressure energy on porcine skin. METHODS In a total of four weekly abdominal treatments, simultaneous emission of the energies was applied to two pigs (12 minutes per session); additionally, two pigs were treated consecutively (12 + 12 minutes per session). The 5th pig served as a control subject. Biopsies were obtained at baseline, after the 4th treatment, and at 1-month follow-up. Primary outcomes were to document changes of dermal and hypodermal tissues. RESULTS In the treated subjects, the amount of collagen and elastin fibers increased significantly (P < .001). At follow-up, simultaneous application showed a significantly higher increase in collagen and elastin fibers (by 59% and 64%, respectively), when compared to consecutive. Thickness of the dermis increased more in the pigs treated simultaneously (+848.8 µm/50.17%; P < .001). Treated tissue also showed the upper part of dermis to be rich in blood vessels and better organized interlobular septa in hypodermis. No significant change was observed in the control subject. CONCLUSION Simultaneous application produces significantly more profound changes, when compared to consecutive treatment. Further research is needed but our findings represent a new potential treatment of various skin conditions like cellulite or laxity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian M. Kinney
- Division of Plastic SurgeryThe University of Southern California Keck School of MedicineBeverly HillsCAUSA
| | - Dian Kanakov
- Department of Internal Noninfectious DiseasesFaculty of Veterinary MedicineTrakia UniversityStara ZagoraBulgaria
| | - Penka Yonkova
- Department of Veterinary Anatomy, Histology and EmbryologyFaculty of Veterinary MedicineTrakia UniversityStara ZagoraBulgaria
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17
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Prana V, Tieri P, Palumbo MC, Mancini E, Castiglione F. Modeling the Effect of High Calorie Diet on the Interplay between Adipose Tissue, Inflammation, and Diabetes. COMPUTATIONAL AND MATHEMATICAL METHODS IN MEDICINE 2019; 2019:7525834. [PMID: 30863457 PMCID: PMC6378014 DOI: 10.1155/2019/7525834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2018] [Accepted: 01/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a chronic metabolic disease potentially leading to serious widespread tissue damage. Human organism develops T2D when the glucose-insulin control is broken for reasons that are not fully understood but have been demonstrated to be linked to the emergence of a chronic inflammation. Indeed such low-level chronic inflammation affects the pancreatic production of insulin and triggers the development of insulin resistance, eventually leading to an impaired control of the blood glucose concentration. On the contrary, it is well-known that obesity and inflammation are strongly correlated. AIM In this study, we investigate in silico the effect of overfeeding on the adipose tissue and the consequent set up of an inflammatory state. We model the emergence of the inflammation as the result of adipose mass increase which, in turn, is a direct consequence of a prolonged excess of high calorie intake. RESULTS The model reproduces the fat accumulation due to excessive caloric intake observed in two clinical studies. Moreover, while showing consistent weight gains over long periods of time, it reveals a drift of the macrophage population toward the proinflammatory phenotype, thus confirming its association with fatness.
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Affiliation(s)
- V. Prana
- Institute for Applied Computing (IAC) “M. Picone”, National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Via dei Taurini, 19-00185 Rome, Italy
| | - P. Tieri
- Institute for Applied Computing (IAC) “M. Picone”, National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Via dei Taurini, 19-00185 Rome, Italy
| | - M. C. Palumbo
- Institute for Applied Computing (IAC) “M. Picone”, National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Via dei Taurini, 19-00185 Rome, Italy
| | - E. Mancini
- Institute for Advanced Study (IAS), University of Amsterdam (UvA), Oude Turfmarkt, 147-1012 GC Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - F. Castiglione
- Institute for Applied Computing (IAC) “M. Picone”, National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Via dei Taurini, 19-00185 Rome, Italy
- Institute for Advanced Study (IAS), University of Amsterdam (UvA), Oude Turfmarkt, 147-1012 GC Amsterdam, Netherlands
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18
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Abstract
Adipose morphology is defined as the number and size distribution of adipocytes (fat cells) within adipose tissue. Adipose tissue with fewer but larger adipocytes is said to have a 'hypertrophic' morphology, whereas adipose with many adipocytes of a smaller size is said to have a 'hyperplastic' morphology. Hypertrophic adipose morphology is positively associated with insulin resistance, diabetes and cardiovascular disease. By contrast, hyperplastic morphology is associated with improved metabolic parameters. These phenotypic associations suggest that adipose morphology influences risk of cardiometabolic disease. Intriguingly, monozygotic twin studies have determined that adipose morphology is in part determined genetically. Therefore, identifying the genetic regulation of adipose morphology may help us to predict, prevent and ameliorate insulin resistance and associated metabolic diseases. Here, we review the current literature regarding adipose morphology in relation to: (1) metabolic and medical implications; (2) the methods used to assess adipose morphology; and (3) transcriptional differences between morphologies. We further highlight three mechanisms that have been hypothesized to promote adipocyte hypertrophy and thus to regulate adipose morphology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panna Tandon
- British Heart Foundation Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, Scotland, UK
| | - Rebecca Wafer
- British Heart Foundation Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, Scotland, UK
| | - James E N Minchin
- British Heart Foundation Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, Scotland, UK
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19
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Saito Y, Takahashi O, Arioka H, Kobayashi D. Associations between body fat variability and later onset of cardiovascular disease risk factors. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0175057. [PMID: 28369119 PMCID: PMC5378370 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0175057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2016] [Accepted: 03/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE There is current debate regarding whether body weight variability is associated with cardiovascular events. Recently, high body fat percentage (BF%) has been shown to be a cardiovascular risk factor. We therefore hypothesized that BF% variability would present a stronger cardiovascular risk than body weight variability. METHODS A single-center retrospective cohort study of medical check-up examinees aged 20 years or older at baseline (2005) was performed. Examinees were followed in 2007, 2009, and 2013-2014. BF% variability in 2005, 2007 and 2009 was calculated as the root-mean square error (RMSE) using a simple linear regression model. Multiple logistic regression models estimated the association between BF%-RMSE and new diagnoses of cardiovascular risk factors occurring between the 2009 and 2013-2014 visits. RESULTS In total, 11,281 participants (mean age: 51.3 years old, 48.8% were male) were included in this study. The average BF%-RMSE of our subjects was 0.63, and the average BMI-RMSE was 0.24. The high BF%-RMSE group (76-100th percentile) had a higher incidence of hypertension and a lower incidence of diabetes mellitus than the low BF%-RMSE group (1-25th percentile). This tendency was particularly evident in male participants. BMI-RMSE was not associated with any cardiovascular risks in our study. CONCLUSIONS This study indicates that body fat variability has contrasting effects on cardiovascular risk factors, while body weight variability has no significant effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Saito
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, St. Luke’s International Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Osamu Takahashi
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, St. Luke’s International Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
- Center for Clinical Epidemiology, St. Luke's Life Science Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroko Arioka
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, St. Luke’s International Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Daiki Kobayashi
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, St. Luke’s International Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
- Center for Clinical Epidemiology, St. Luke's Life Science Institute, Tokyo, Japan
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20
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Aroca GGP, Viana LG, Costa RFDA, Schmildt D, Sousa LD. Thermographic and anthropometric assessment of electrical stimulation on localized body fat. FISIOTERAPIA EM MOVIMENTO 2017. [DOI: 10.1590/1980-5918.030.001.ao03] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract Introduction: Adiposity is defined as the accumulation of energy reserves within the adipose tissue at specific body sites. Low-frequency electrical stimulation elicits lipolysis. When applied by insertion of needles into the dermis-hypodermis junction, it leads to a modification of the interstitial space, favoring metabolic changes and lipolysis. Objective: To investigate the effects of electrical stimulation on body fat localized to the abdomen and flanks. Methods: Randomized, controlled clinical trial consisted of two groups of women with body fat localized to the abdomen and flanks. The intervention group (IG) was made up of 9 women (± 24,77 years) who received ten sessions of electrical stimulation, whereas the control group (CG) was made up of 7 women (± 21,8 years) who did not receive electrical stimulation. Perimetric, adipometric and thermographic data were collected before and after the intervention. Data were analyzed using the Shapiro-Wilk test, t test, one-way ANOVA. The significance level was set at p < 0,05. Results: There were statistically significant differences between the intervention and control groups in the assessment immediately following intervention (IG: 33.08 ± 1.00; CG: 30.83 ± 1.5; p = 0.002), 15 minutes following intervention (IG: 33.05 ± 0.48; CG: 30.40± 1.24; p < 0.0001) and at the endpoint (IG: 32.22 ± 14.20; CG: 30.53 ± 1.34; p=0.005) for the thermographic data. For the anthropometric variables, there were no statistically significant differences before and after treatment. Conclusion: Electrical stimulation evokes a significant increase in the temperature of the subcutaneous tissue.
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21
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Diffuse optical spectroscopic imaging of subcutaneous adipose tissue metabolic changes during weight loss. Int J Obes (Lond) 2016; 40:1292-300. [PMID: 27089996 PMCID: PMC4970874 DOI: 10.1038/ijo.2016.43] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2015] [Revised: 01/26/2016] [Accepted: 03/04/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Background Changes in subcutaneous adipose tissue (AT) structure and metabolism have been shown to correlate with the development of obesity and related metabolic disorders. Measurements of AT physiology could provide new insight into metabolic disease progression and response to therapy. An emerging functional imaging technology, Diffuse Optical Spectroscopic Imaging (DOSI), was used to obtain quantitative measures of near infrared (NIR) AT optical and physiological properties. Methods 10 overweight or obese adults were assessed during three-months on calorie-restricted diets. DOSI-derived tissue concentrations of hemoglobin, water, and lipid and the wavelength-dependent scattering amplitude (A) and slope (b) obtained from 30 abdominal locations and three time points (T0, T6, T12) were calculated and analyzed using linear mixed effects models, and were also used to form 3D surface images. Results Subjects lost a mean of 11.7 ± 3.4% of starting weight, while significant changes in A (+0.23 ± 0.04 mm−1, adj. p < 0.001), b (−0.17 ± 0.04, adj. p < 0.001), tissue water fraction (+7.2 ± 1.1%, adj. p < 0.001) and deoxyhemoglobin [HbR] (1.1 ± 0.3 µM, adj. p < 0.001) were observed using mixed effect model analysis. Discussion Optical scattering signals reveal alterations in tissue structure which possibly correlate with reductions in adipose cell volume, while water and hemoglobin dynamics suggest improved AT perfusion and oxygen extraction. These results suggest that DOSI measurements of NIR optical and physiological properties could be used to enhance understanding of the role of AT in metabolic disorders and provide new strategies for diagnostic monitoring of obesity and weight loss.
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Expression of genes involved in adipogenesis and lipid metabolism in subcutaneous adipose tissue and longissimus muscle in low-marbled Pirenaica beef cattle. Animal 2016; 10:2018-2026. [DOI: 10.1017/s175173111600118x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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23
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Li Y, Gaillard JR, McLaughlin T, Sørensen TIA, Periwal V. Macro fat and micro fat: insulin sensitivity and gender dependent response of adipose tissue to isocaloric diet change. Adipocyte 2015; 4:256-63. [PMID: 26451281 DOI: 10.1080/21623945.2015.1017153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2015] [Revised: 01/30/2015] [Accepted: 02/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The adipose cell-size distribution is a quantitative characterization of adipose tissue morphology. At a population level, the adipose cell-size distribution is insulin-sensitivity dependent, and the observed correlation between obesity and insulin resistance is believed to play a key role in the metabolic syndrome. Changes in fat mass can be induced by altered energy intake or even diet composition. These macroscopic changes must manifest themselves as dynamic adipose cell-size distribution alterations at the microscopic level. The dynamic relationship between these 2 independent measurements of body fat is unknown. In this study, we investigate adipose tissue dynamics in response to various isocaloric diet compositions, comparing gender- and insulin sensitivity-dependent differences. A body composition model is used to predict fat mass changes in response to changes in diet composition for 28 individuals, separated into 4 subgroups according to gender and insulin sensitivity/resistance. Adipose cell-size distribution changes in each individual are simulated with a dynamic model and parameters corresponding to lipid turnover and cell growth rates are determined for each subgroup to match the relative change of fat mass for each diet composition, respectively. We find that adipose cell-size dynamics are associated with different modulations dependent on gender and insulin resistance. Larger turnover and growth/shrinkage rates in insulin resistant individuals suggest they may be more sensitive to changes in energy intake and diet composition than insulin sensitive subjects. The different cell-size distribution changes of adipose cells of various sizes in different subject groups further suggest distinct modulations of adipose cell dynamics.
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Ciciliot S, Albiero M, Menegazzo L, Poncina N, Scattolini V, Danesi A, Pagnin E, Marabita M, Blaauw B, Giorgio M, Trinei M, Foletto M, Prevedello L, Nitti D, Avogaro A, Fadini GP. p66Shc deletion or deficiency protects from obesity but not metabolic dysfunction in mice and humans. Diabetologia 2015; 58:2352-60. [PMID: 26122877 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-015-3667-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2015] [Accepted: 05/26/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Oxygen radicals generated by p66Shc drive adipogenesis, but contradictory data exist on the role of p66Shc in the development of obesity and the metabolic syndrome. We herein explored the relationships among p66Shc, adipose tissue remodelling and glucose metabolism using mouse models and human adipose tissue samples. METHODS In wild-type (WT), leptin-deficient (ob/ob), p66Shc(-/-) and p66Shc(-/-) ob/ob mice up to 30 weeks of age, we analysed body weight, subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissue histopathology, glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity, and liver and muscle fat accumulation. A group of mice on a high fat diet (HFD) was also analysed. A parallel study was conducted on adipose tissue collected from patients undergoing elective surgery. RESULTS We found that p66Shc(-/-) mice were slightly leaner than WT mice, and p66Shc(-/-) ob/ob mice became less obese than ob/ob mice. Despite their lower body weight, p66Shc(-/-) mice accumulated ectopic fat in the liver and muscles, and were glucose intolerant and insulin resistant. Features of adverse adipose tissue remodelling induced by obesity, including adipocyte enlargement, apoptosis, inflammation and perfusion were modestly and transiently improved by p66Shc (also known as Shc1) deletion. After 12 weeks of the HFD, p66Shc(-/-) mice were leaner than but equally glucose intolerant and insulin resistant compared with WT mice. In 77 patients, we found a direct correlation between BMI and p66Shc protein levels. Patients with low p66Shc levels were less obese, but were not protected from other metabolic syndrome features (diabetes, dyslipidaemia and hypertension). CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION In mice and humans, reduced p66Shc levels protect from obesity, but not from ectopic fat accumulation, glucose intolerance and insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Ciciliot
- Department of Medicine, University of Padua, Via Giustiniani, 2, 35128, Padua, Italy
- Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine, Padua, Italy
| | - Mattia Albiero
- Department of Medicine, University of Padua, Via Giustiniani, 2, 35128, Padua, Italy
- Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine, Padua, Italy
| | - Lisa Menegazzo
- Department of Medicine, University of Padua, Via Giustiniani, 2, 35128, Padua, Italy
- Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine, Padua, Italy
| | - Nicol Poncina
- Department of Medicine, University of Padua, Via Giustiniani, 2, 35128, Padua, Italy
- Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine, Padua, Italy
| | - Valentina Scattolini
- Department of Medicine, University of Padua, Via Giustiniani, 2, 35128, Padua, Italy
- Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine, Padua, Italy
| | - Andrea Danesi
- Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine, Padua, Italy
| | - Elisa Pagnin
- Department of Medicine, University of Padua, Via Giustiniani, 2, 35128, Padua, Italy
| | | | - Bert Blaauw
- Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine, Padua, Italy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Marco Giorgio
- European Institute of Oncology, IFOM-IEO Campus, Milan, Italy
| | - Mirella Trinei
- European Institute of Oncology, IFOM-IEO Campus, Milan, Italy
| | - Mirto Foletto
- Department of Surgical, Oncologic Gastroenterologic Sciences, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Luca Prevedello
- Department of Surgical, Oncologic Gastroenterologic Sciences, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Donato Nitti
- Department of Surgical, Oncologic Gastroenterologic Sciences, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Angelo Avogaro
- Department of Medicine, University of Padua, Via Giustiniani, 2, 35128, Padua, Italy
- Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine, Padua, Italy
| | - Gian Paolo Fadini
- Department of Medicine, University of Padua, Via Giustiniani, 2, 35128, Padua, Italy.
- Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine, Padua, Italy.
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25
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Perino A, Beretta M, Kilić A, Ghigo A, Carnevale D, Repetto IE, Braccini L, Longo D, Liebig-Gonglach M, Zaglia T, Iacobucci R, Mongillo M, Wetzker R, Bauer M, Aime S, Vercelli A, Lembo G, Pfeifer A, Hirsch E. Combined inhibition of PI3Kβ and PI3Kγ reduces fat mass by enhancing α-MSH-dependent sympathetic drive. Sci Signal 2014; 7:ra110. [PMID: 25406378 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.2005485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is defined as an abnormal increase in white adipose tissue and has become a major medical burden worldwide. Signals from the brain control not only appetite but also energy expenditure, both of which contribute to body weight. We showed that genetic or pharmacological inhibition of two phosphatidylinositol 3-kinases (PI3Kβ and PI3Kγ) in mice reduced fat mass by promoting increased energy expenditure. This effect was accompanied by stimulation of lipolysis and the acquisition of the energy-burning characteristics of brown adipocytes by white adipocytes, a process referred to as "browning." The browning of the white adipocytes involved increased norepinephrine release from the sympathetic nervous system. We found that PI3Kβ and PI3Kγ together promoted a negative feedback loop downstream of the melanocortin 4 receptor in the central nervous system, which controls appetite and energy expenditure in the periphery. Analysis of mice with drug-induced sympathetic denervation suggested that these kinases controlled the sympathetic drive in the brain. Administration of inhibitors of both PI3Kβ and PI3Kγ to mice by intracerebroventricular delivery induced a 10% reduction in fat mass as quickly as 10 days. These results suggest that combined inhibition of PI3Kβ and PI3Kγ might represent a promising treatment for obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessia Perino
- Molecular Biotechnology Center, Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy.
| | - Martina Beretta
- Molecular Biotechnology Center, Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy. Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Jena University Hospital, D-07747 Jena, Germany
| | - Ana Kilić
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Alessandra Ghigo
- Molecular Biotechnology Center, Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | - Daniela Carnevale
- Department of Molecular Medicine, "Sapienza" University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy. Department of Angiocardioneurology and Translational Medicine, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Neuromed, 86077 Pozzilli (IS), Italy
| | - Ivan Enrico Repetto
- Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri Ottolenghi, Department of Neuroscience, University of Turin, 10043 Turin, Italy
| | - Laura Braccini
- Molecular Biotechnology Center, Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | - Dario Longo
- Molecular Biotechnology Center, Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | | | - Tania Zaglia
- Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, 35129 Padova, Italy
| | - Roberta Iacobucci
- Department of Angiocardioneurology and Translational Medicine, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Neuromed, 86077 Pozzilli (IS), Italy
| | - Marco Mongillo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, 35121 Padova, Italy
| | - Reinhard Wetzker
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich Schiller University, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Michael Bauer
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Jena University Hospital, D-07747 Jena, Germany
| | - Silvio Aime
- Molecular Biotechnology Center, Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | - Alessandro Vercelli
- Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri Ottolenghi, Department of Neuroscience, University of Turin, 10043 Turin, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Lembo
- Department of Molecular Medicine, "Sapienza" University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy. Department of Angiocardioneurology and Translational Medicine, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Neuromed, 86077 Pozzilli (IS), Italy
| | - Alexander Pfeifer
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany.
| | - Emilio Hirsch
- Molecular Biotechnology Center, Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy.
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Cotillard A, Poitou C, Torcivia A, Bouillot JL, Dietrich A, Klöting N, Grégoire C, Lolmede K, Blüher M, Clément K. Adipocyte size threshold matters: link with risk of type 2 diabetes and improved insulin resistance after gastric bypass. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2014; 99:E1466-70. [PMID: 24780048 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2014-1074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Adipocyte volume has been associated with insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. OBJECTIVE Our purpose was to identify an adipocyte volume threshold linked with increased insulin resistance risk, and to examine its association with insulin resistance improvement after bariatric surgery. SETTING AND DESIGN We investigated two cohorts of Caucasian women, candidates for bariatric surgery, from two institutional centers in France (age 42.0 ± 11.5 years; body mass index, 47.6 ± 6.9 kg/m(2)) and Germany (age 41.3 ± 11.2 years; body mass index, 49.5 ± 8.1 kg/m(2)). 38% of the subjects had gastric bypass surgery and were followed for 6 months after the intervention. We defined a group of subjects with type 2 diabetes or at risk of type 2 diabetes (DRD) and investigated the relations between adipocyte volume and this status before and after surgery. RESULTS In both cohorts, subjects with DRD presented enlarged adipocytes (France, P = 3×10(-4); Germany, P =3×10(-10)) and we were able to determine thresholds in each cohort above which diabetes risk was potentially increased (France: 1003±42 pL, Germany: 798±32 pL). Subjects above those adipocyte thresholds were less prone to disappearance of the DRD status after bypass surgery (France, risk ratio = 2.1, P = .024; Germany, risk ratio = 1.3, P = .05). CONCLUSIONS We show in two cohorts of morbidly obese subjects that a specific adipocyte volume threshold may predict an increased risk for obesity-associated type 2 diabetes. However, this threshold might be established for each specific investigation site. Having a high adipocyte size is associated with a lower improvement of insulin resistance after bypass surgery in both cohorts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurelie Cotillard
- Sorbonne Universities (A.C., C.P., K.C.), University Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris 6, UMR_S U1166, Nutriomics, F-75013 Paris, France; Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition, ICAN, AP-HP (A.C., C.P., C.G., K.C.), Pitié-Salpêtrière hospital, F-75013 Paris, France; INSERM, UMR_S U1166 (A.C., C.P., K.C.), Nutriomics, F-75013 Paris, France; Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (A.T.), Pitié-Salpêtrière hospital, Surgery Department, F-75013 Paris, France; Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (J.-L.B.), Ambroise Paré Hospital, Surgery Department, F-92012 Boulogne-Billancourt, France; Department of Surgery (A.D.), University of Leipzig, 04003-04357 Leipzig, Germany; Department of Medicine (N.K., M.B.), University of Leipzig, 04003-04357 Leipzig, Germany; and Junior Research Group Animal Models (N.K.), IFB Obesity Diseases, University of Leipzig, 04003-04357 Leipzig, Germany; AdipoPhyt (K.L.), F-75013 Paris, France
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Hahn WS, Kuzmicic J, Burrill JS, Donoghue MA, Foncea R, Jensen MD, Lavandero S, Arriaga EA, Bernlohr DA. Proinflammatory cytokines differentially regulate adipocyte mitochondrial metabolism, oxidative stress, and dynamics. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2014; 306:E1033-45. [PMID: 24595304 PMCID: PMC4010657 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00422.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Proinflammatory cytokines differentially regulate adipocyte mitochondrial metabolism, oxidative stress, and dynamics. Macrophage infiltration of adipose tissue and the chronic low-grade production of inflammatory cytokines have been mechanistically linked to the development of insulin resistance, the forerunner of type 2 diabetes mellitus. In this study, we evaluated the chronic effects of TNFα, IL-6, and IL-1β on adipocyte mitochondrial metabolism and morphology using the 3T3-L1 model cell system. TNFα treatment of cultured adipocytes led to significant changes in mitochondrial bioenergetics, including increased proton leak, decreased ΔΨm, increased basal respiration, and decreased ATP turnover. In contrast, although IL-6 and IL-1β decreased maximal respiratory capacity, they had no effect on ΔΨm and varied effects on ATP turnover, proton leak, or basal respiration. Only TNFα treatment of 3T3-L1 cells led to an increase in oxidative stress (as measured by superoxide anion production and protein carbonylation) and C16 ceramide synthesis. Treatment of 3T3-L1 adipocytes with cytokines led to decreased mRNA expression of key transcription factors and control proteins implicated in mitochondrial biogenesis, including PGC-1α and eNOS as well as deceased expression of COX IV and Cyt C. Whereas each cytokine led to effects on expression of mitochondrial markers, TNFα exclusively led to mitochondrial fragmentation and decreased the total level of OPA1 while increasing OPA1 cleavage, without expression of levels of mitofusin 2, DRP-1, or mitofilin being affected. In summary, these results indicate that inflammatory cytokines have unique and specialized effects on adipocyte metabolism, but each leads to decreased mitochondrial function and a reprogramming of fat cell biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wendy S Hahn
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
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Wei S, Du M, Jiang Z, Duarte MS, Fernyhough-Culver M, Albrecht E, Will K, Zan L, Hausman GJ, Elabd EMY, Bergen WG, Basu U, Dodson MV. Bovine dedifferentiated adipose tissue (DFAT) cells: DFAT cell isolation. Adipocyte 2013; 2:148-59. [PMID: 23991361 PMCID: PMC3756103 DOI: 10.4161/adip.24589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2013] [Revised: 04/04/2013] [Accepted: 04/05/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Dedifferentiated fat cells (DFAT cells) are derived from lipid-containing (mature) adipocytes, which possess the ability to symmetrically or asymmetrically proliferate, replicate, and redifferentiate/transdifferentiate. Robust cell isolation and downstream culture methods are needed to isolate large numbers of DFAT cells from any (one) adipose depot in order to establish population dynamics and regulation of the cells within and across laboratories. In order to establish more consistent/repeatable methodology here we report on two different methods to establish viable DFAT cell cultures: both traditional cell culture flasks and non-traditional (flat) cell culture plates were used for ceiling culture establishment. Adipocytes (maternal cells of the DFAT cells) were easier to remove from flat culture plates than flasks and the flat plates also allowed cloning rings to be utilized for cell/cell population isolation. While additional aspects of usage of flat-bottomed cell culture plates may yet need to be optimized by definition of optimum bio-coating to enhance cell attachment, utilization of flat plate approaches will allow more efficient study of the dedifferentiation process or the DFAT progeny cells. To extend our preliminary observations, dedifferentiation of Wagyu intramuscular fat (IMF)-derived mature adipocytes and redifferentiation ability of DFAT cells utilizing the aforementioned isolation protocols were examined in traditional basal media/differentiation induction media (DMI) containing adipogenic inducement reagents. In the absence of treatment approximately 10% isolated Wagyu IMF-mature adipocytes dedifferentiated spontaneously and 70% DFAT cells displayed protracted adipogenesis 12 d after confluence in vitro. Lipid-free intracellular vesicles in the cytoplasm (vesicles possessing an intact membrane but with no any observable or stainable lipid inside) were observed during redifferentiation. One to 30% DFAT cells redifferentiated into lipid-assimilating adipocytes in the DMI media, with distinct lipid-droplets in the cytoplasm and with no observable lipid-free vesicles inside. Moreover, a high confluence level promoted the redifferentiation efficiency of DFAT cells. Wagyu IMF dedifferentiated DFAT cells exhibited unique adipogenesis modes in vitro, revealing a useful cell model for studying adipogenesis and lipid metabolism.
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