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Schwartz J, Capistrano KJ, Gluck J, Hezarkhani A, Naqvi AR. SARS-CoV-2, periodontal pathogens, and host factors: The trinity of oral post-acute sequelae of COVID-19. Rev Med Virol 2024; 34:e2543. [PMID: 38782605 DOI: 10.1002/rmv.2543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2023] [Revised: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
COVID-19 as a pan-epidemic is waning but there it is imperative to understand virus interaction with oral tissues and oral inflammatory diseases. We review periodontal disease (PD), a common inflammatory oral disease, as a driver of COVID-19 and oral post-acute-sequelae conditions (PASC). Oral PASC identifies with PD, loss of teeth, dysgeusia, xerostomia, sialolitis-sialolith, and mucositis. We contend that PD-associated oral microbial dysbiosis involving higher burden of periodontopathic bacteria provide an optimal microenvironment for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. These pathogens interact with oral epithelial cells activate molecular or biochemical pathways that promote viral adherence, entry, and persistence in the oral cavity. A repertoire of diverse molecules identifies this relationship including lipids, carbohydrates and enzymes. The S protein of SARS-CoV-2 binds to the ACE2 receptor and is activated by protease activity of host furin or TRMPSS2 that cleave S protein subunits to promote viral entry. However, PD pathogens provide additional enzymatic assistance mimicking furin and augment SARS-CoV-2 adherence by inducing viral entry receptors ACE2/TRMPSS, which are poorly expressed on oral epithelial cells. We discuss the mechanisms involving periodontopathogens and host factors that facilitate SARS-CoV-2 infection and immune resistance resulting in incomplete clearance and risk for 'long-haul' oral health issues characterising PASC. Finally, we suggest potential diagnostic markers and treatment avenues to mitigate oral PASC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joel Schwartz
- Department of Oral Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | | | - Joseph Gluck
- Department of Periodontics, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Armita Hezarkhani
- Department of Periodontics, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Afsar R Naqvi
- Department of Periodontics, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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2
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Shen Y, Lotenberg K, Zaworski J, Broeker KAE, Vasseur F, Louedec L, Placier S, Frère P, Verpont MC, Galichon P, Buob D, Hadchouel J, Terzi F, Chatziantoniou C, Calmont A. Neuropilin-1 regulates renin synthesis in juxtaglomerular cells. J Physiol 2024; 602:1815-1833. [PMID: 38381008 DOI: 10.1113/jp285422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Renin is the key enzyme of the systemic renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, which plays an essential role in regulating blood pressure and maintaining electrolyte and extracellular volume homeostasis. Renin is mainly produced and secreted by specialized juxtaglomerular (JG) cells in the kidney. In the present study, we report for the first time that the conserved transmembrane receptor neuropilin-1 (NRP1) participates in the development of JG cells and plays a key role in renin production. We used the myelin protein zero-Cre (P0-Cre) to abrogate Nrp1 constitutively in P0-Cre lineage-labelled cells of the kidney. We found that the P0-Cre precursor cells differentiate into renin-producing JG cells. We employed a lineage-tracing strategy combined with RNAscope quantification and metabolic studies to reveal a cell-autonomous role for NRP1 in JG cell function. Nrp1-deficient animals displayed abnormal levels of tissue renin expression and failed to adapt properly to a homeostatic challenge to sodium balance. These findings provide new insights into cell fate decisions and cellular plasticity operating in P0-Cre-expressing precursors and identify NRP1 as a novel key regulator of JG cell maturation. KEY POINTS: Renin is a centrepiece of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system and is produced by specialized juxtaglomerular cells (JG) of the kidney. Neuropilin-1 (NRP1) is a conserved membrane-bound receptor that regulates vascular and neuronal development, cancer aggressiveness and fibrosis progression. We used conditional mutagenesis and lineage tracing to show that NRP1 is expressed in JG cells where it regulates their function. Cell-specific Nrp1 knockout mice present with renin paucity in JG cells and struggle to adapt to a homeostatic challenge to sodium balance. The results support the versatility of renin-producing cells in the kidney and may open new avenues for therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunzhu Shen
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Unité mixte de Recherche 1155, Kidney Research Centre, Hôpital Tenon, Paris, France
| | - Kenza Lotenberg
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Unité mixte de Recherche 1155, Kidney Research Centre, Hôpital Tenon, Paris, France
| | - Jeremy Zaworski
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Unité mixte de Recherche 1155, Kidney Research Centre, Hôpital Tenon, Paris, France
| | | | - Florence Vasseur
- Institut Necker Enfants Malades, Growth and Signalling departement, Université Paris Cité, INSERM U1151, CNRS UMR 8253, Paris, France
| | - Liliane Louedec
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Unité mixte de Recherche 1155, Kidney Research Centre, Hôpital Tenon, Paris, France
| | - Sandrine Placier
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Unité mixte de Recherche 1155, Kidney Research Centre, Hôpital Tenon, Paris, France
| | - Perrine Frère
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Unité mixte de Recherche 1155, Kidney Research Centre, Hôpital Tenon, Paris, France
| | - Marie-Christine Verpont
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Unité mixte de Recherche 1155, Kidney Research Centre, Hôpital Tenon, Paris, France
| | - Pierre Galichon
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Unité mixte de Recherche 1155, Kidney Research Centre, Hôpital Tenon, Paris, France
| | - David Buob
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Unité mixte de Recherche 1155, Kidney Research Centre, Hôpital Tenon, Paris, France
| | - Juliette Hadchouel
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Unité mixte de Recherche 1155, Kidney Research Centre, Hôpital Tenon, Paris, France
| | - Fabiola Terzi
- Institut Necker Enfants Malades, Growth and Signalling departement, Université Paris Cité, INSERM U1151, CNRS UMR 8253, Paris, France
| | - Christos Chatziantoniou
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Unité mixte de Recherche 1155, Kidney Research Centre, Hôpital Tenon, Paris, France
| | - Amélie Calmont
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Unité mixte de Recherche 1155, Kidney Research Centre, Hôpital Tenon, Paris, France
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Hani T, Fujita K, Kudo T, Taya Y, Sato K, Soeno Y. Tissue-Targeted Transcriptomics Reveals SEMA3D Control of Hypoglossal Nerve Projection to Mouse Tongue Primordia. Acta Histochem Cytochem 2024; 57:35-46. [PMID: 38463205 PMCID: PMC10918430 DOI: 10.1267/ahc.23-00073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The mouse hypoglossal nerve originates in the occipital motor nuclei at embryonic day (E)10.5 and projects a long distance, reaching the vicinity of the tongue primordia, the lateral lingual swellings, at E11.5. However, the details of how the hypoglossal nerve correctly projects to the primordia are poorly understood. To investigate the molecular basis of hypoglossal nerve elongation, we used a novel transcriptomic approach using the ROKU method. The ROKU algorithm identified 3825 genes specific for lateral lingual swellings at E11.5, of which 34 genes were predicted to be involved in axon guidance. Ingenuity Pathway Analysis-assisted enrichment revealed activation of the semaphorin signaling pathway during tongue development, and quantitative PCR showed that the expressions of Sema3d and Nrp1 in this pathway peaked at E11.5. Immunohistochemistry detected NRP1 in the hypoglossal nerve and SEMA3D as tiny granules in the extracellular space beneath the epithelium of the tongue primordia and in lateral and anterior regions of the mandibular arch. Fewer SEMA3D granules were localized around hypoglossal nerve axons and in the space where they elongated. In developing tongue primordia, tissue-specific regulation of SEMA3D might control the route of hypoglossal nerve projection via its repulsive effect on NRP1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taisuke Hani
- Department of Pathology, The Nippon Dental University, School of Life Dentistry at Tokyo, 1-9-20, Fujimi, Chiyoda-ku, 102-8159 Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuya Fujita
- Department of Pathology, The Nippon Dental University, School of Life Dentistry at Tokyo, 1-9-20, Fujimi, Chiyoda-ku, 102-8159 Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomoo Kudo
- Department of Pathology, The Nippon Dental University, School of Life Dentistry at Tokyo, 1-9-20, Fujimi, Chiyoda-ku, 102-8159 Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuji Taya
- Department of Pathology, The Nippon Dental University, School of Life Dentistry at Tokyo, 1-9-20, Fujimi, Chiyoda-ku, 102-8159 Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kaori Sato
- Department of Pathology, The Nippon Dental University, School of Life Dentistry at Tokyo, 1-9-20, Fujimi, Chiyoda-ku, 102-8159 Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuuichi Soeno
- Department of Pathology, The Nippon Dental University, School of Life Dentistry at Tokyo, 1-9-20, Fujimi, Chiyoda-ku, 102-8159 Tokyo, Japan
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4
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Sandoval S, Malany K, Thongphanh K, Martinez CA, Goodson ML, Souza FDC, Lin LW, Sweeney N, Pennington J, Lein PJ, Kerkvliet NI, Ehrlich AK. Activation of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor inhibits neuropilin-1 upregulation on IL-2-responding CD4 + T cells. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1193535. [PMID: 38035105 PMCID: PMC10682649 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1193535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuropilin-1 (Nrp1), a transmembrane protein expressed on CD4+ T cells, is mostly studied in the context of regulatory T cell (Treg) function. More recently, there is increasing evidence that Nrp1 is also highly expressed on activated effector T cells and that increases in these Nrp1-expressing CD4+ T cells correspond with immunopathology across several T cell-dependent disease models. Thus, Nrp1 may be implicated in the identification and function of immunopathologic T cells. Nrp1 downregulation in CD4+ T cells is one of the strongest transcriptional changes in response to immunoregulatory compounds that act though the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR), a ligand-activated transcription factor. To better understand the link between AhR and Nrp1 expression on CD4+ T cells, Nrp1 expression was assessed in vivo and in vitro following AhR ligand treatment. In the current study, we identified that the percentage of Nrp1 expressing CD4+ T cells increases over the course of activation and proliferation in vivo. The actively dividing Nrp1+Foxp3- cells express the classic effector phenotype of CD44hiCD45RBlo, and the increase in Nrp1+Foxp3- cells is prevented by AhR activation. In contrast, Nrp1 expression is not modulated by AhR activation in non-proliferating CD4+ T cells. The downregulation of Nrp1 on CD4+ T cells was recapitulated in vitro in cells isolated from C57BL/6 and NOD (non-obese diabetic) mice. CD4+Foxp3- cells expressing CD25, stimulated with IL-2, or differentiated into Th1 cells, were particularly sensitive to AhR-mediated inhibition of Nrp1 upregulation. IL-2 was necessary for AhR-dependent downregulation of Nrp1 expression both in vitro and in vivo. Collectively, the data demonstrate that Nrp1 is a CD4+ T cell activation marker and that regulation of Nrp1 could be a previously undescribed mechanism by which AhR ligands modulate effector CD4+ T cell responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Sandoval
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, College of Agriculture and Environmental Science, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Keegan Malany
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, College of Agriculture and Environmental Science, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Krista Thongphanh
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Cell Biology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Clarisa A. Martinez
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, College of Agriculture and Environmental Science, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Michael L. Goodson
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, College of Agriculture and Environmental Science, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Felipe Da Costa Souza
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Lo-Wei Lin
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, College of Agriculture and Environmental Science, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Nicolle Sweeney
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Jamie Pennington
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States
| | - Pamela J. Lein
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Nancy I. Kerkvliet
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States
| | - Allison K. Ehrlich
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, College of Agriculture and Environmental Science, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
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5
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Massri AJ, Fitzpatrick M, Cunny H, Li JL, Harry GJ. Differential gene expression profiling implicates altered network development in rat postnatal day 4 cortex following 4-Methylimidazole (4-MeI) induced maternal seizures. Neurotoxicol Teratol 2023; 100:107301. [PMID: 37783441 PMCID: PMC10843020 DOI: 10.1016/j.ntt.2023.107301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
Compromised maternal health leading to maternal seizures can have adverse effects on the healthy development of offspring. This may be the result of inflammation, hypoxia-ischemia, and altered GABA signaling. The current study examined cortical tissue from F2b (2nd litter of the 2nd generation) postnatal day 4 (PND4) offspring of female Harlan SD rats chronically exposed to the seizuregenic compound, 4-Methylimidazole (0, 750, or 2500 ppm 4-MeI). Maternal seizures were evident only at 2500 ppm 4-MeI. GABA related gene expression as examined by qRT-PCR and whole genome microarray showed no indication of disrupted GABA or glutamatergic signaling. Canonical pathway hierarchical clustering and multi-omics combinatory genomic (CNet) plots of differentially expressed genes (DEG) showed alterations in genes associated with regulatory processes of cell development including neuronal differentiation and synaptogenesis. Functional enrichment analysis showed a similarity of cellular processes across the two exposure groups however, the genes comprising each cluster were primarily unique rather than shared and often showed different directionality. A dose-related induction of cytokine signaling was indicated however, pathways associated with individual cytokine signaling were not elevated, suggesting an alternative involvement of cytokine signaling. Pathways related to growth process and cell signaling showed a negative activation supporting an interpretation of disruption or delay in developmental processes at the 2500 ppm 4-MeI exposure level with maternal seizures. Thus, while GABA signaling was not altered as has been observed with maternal seizures, the pattern of DEG suggested a potential for alteration in neuronal network formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdull J Massri
- Integrative Bioinformatics, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, 111 T. W. Alexander Drive, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - Mackenzie Fitzpatrick
- Mechanistic Toxicology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, 111 T. W. Alexander Drive, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - Helen Cunny
- Office of the Scientific Director, Division of Translational Toxicology, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, 111 T. W. Alexander Drive, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - Jian-Liang Li
- Integrative Bioinformatics, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, 111 T. W. Alexander Drive, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - G Jean Harry
- Mechanistic Toxicology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, 111 T. W. Alexander Drive, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA.
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6
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Sandoval S, Malany K, Thongphanh K, Martinez CA, Goodson ML, Souza FDC, Lin LW, Pennington J, Lein PJ, Kerkvliet NI, Ehrlich AK. Activation of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor inhibits neuropilin-1 upregulation on IL-2 responding CD4 + T cells. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.09.25.559429. [PMID: 37808764 PMCID: PMC10557576 DOI: 10.1101/2023.09.25.559429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
Neuropilin-1 (Nrp1), a transmembrane protein expressed on CD4 + T cells, is mostly studied in the context of regulatory T cell (Treg) function. More recently, there is increasing evidence that Nrp1 is also highly expressed on activated effector T cells and that increases in these Nrp1-expressing CD4 + T cells correspond with immunopathology across several T cell-dependent disease models. Thus, Nrp1 may be implicated in the identification and function of immunopathologic T cells. Nrp1 downregulation in CD4 + T cells is one of the strongest transcriptional changes in response to immunoregulatory compounds that act though the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR), a ligand-activated transcription factor. To better understand the link between AhR and Nrp1 expression on CD4 + T cells, Nrp1 expression was assessed in vivo and in vitro following AhR ligand treatment. In the current study, we identified that the percentage of Nrp1 expressing CD4 + T cells increases over the course of activation and proliferation in vivo . The actively dividing Nrp1 + Foxp3 - cells express the classic effector phenotype of CD44 hi CD45RB lo , and the increase in Nrp1 + Foxp3 - cells is prevented by AhR activation. In contrast, Nrp1 expression is not modulated by AhR activation in non-proliferating CD4 + T cells. The downregulation of Nrp1 on CD4 + T cells was recapitulated in vitro in cells isolated from C57BL/6 and NOD (non-obese diabetic) mice. CD4 + Foxp3 - cells expressing CD25, stimulated with IL-2, or differentiated into Th1 cells, were particularly sensitive to AhR-mediated inhibition of Nrp1 upregulation. IL-2 was necessary for AhR-dependent downregulation of Nrp1 expression both in vitro and in vivo . Collectively, the data demonstrate that Nrp1 is a CD4 + T cell activation marker and that regulation of Nrp1 could be a previously undescribed mechanism by which AhR ligands modulate effector CD4 + T cell responses.
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7
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Hettige NC, Fleming P, Semenak A, Zhang X, Peng H, Hagel MD, Théroux JF, Zhang Y, Ni A, Jefri M, Antonyan L, Alsuwaidi S, Schuppert A, Stumpf PS, Ernst C. FOXG1 targets BMP repressors and cell cycle inhibitors in human neural progenitor cells. Hum Mol Genet 2023; 32:2511-2522. [PMID: 37216650 PMCID: PMC10360395 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddad089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
FOXG1 is a critical transcription factor in human brain where loss-of-function mutations cause a severe neurodevelopmental disorder, while increased FOXG1 expression is frequently observed in glioblastoma. FOXG1 is an inhibitor of cell patterning and an activator of cell proliferation in chordate model organisms but different mechanisms have been proposed as to how this occurs. To identify genomic targets of FOXG1 in human neural progenitor cells (NPCs), we engineered a cleavable reporter construct in endogenous FOXG1 and performed chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) sequencing. We also performed deep RNA sequencing of NPCs from two females with loss-of-function mutations in FOXG1 and their healthy biological mothers. Integrative analyses of RNA and ChIP sequencing data showed that cell cycle regulation and Bone Morphogenic Protein (BMP) repression gene ontology categories were over-represented as FOXG1 targets. Using engineered brain cell lines, we show that FOXG1 specifically activates SMAD7 and represses CDKN1B. Activation of SMAD7 which inhibits BMP signaling may be one way that FOXG1 patterns the forebrain, while repression of cell cycle regulators such as CDKN1B may be one way that FOXG1 expands the NPC pool to ensure proper brain size. Our data reveal novel mechanisms on how FOXG1 may control forebrain patterning and cell proliferation in human brain development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuwan C Hettige
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 0C7, Canada
- Psychiatric Genetics Group, Montreal, QC H4H 1R3, Canada
| | - Peter Fleming
- Psychiatric Genetics Group, Montreal, QC H4H 1R3, Canada
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Amelia Semenak
- Psychiatric Genetics Group, Montreal, QC H4H 1R3, Canada
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Xin Zhang
- Psychiatric Genetics Group, Montreal, QC H4H 1R3, Canada
| | - Huashan Peng
- Psychiatric Genetics Group, Montreal, QC H4H 1R3, Canada
| | - Marc-Daniel Hagel
- Joint Research Center for Computational Biomedicine, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen 52074, Germany
| | | | - Ying Zhang
- Psychiatric Genetics Group, Montreal, QC H4H 1R3, Canada
| | - Anjie Ni
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 0C7, Canada
- Psychiatric Genetics Group, Montreal, QC H4H 1R3, Canada
| | - Malvin Jefri
- Psychiatric Genetics Group, Montreal, QC H4H 1R3, Canada
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Lilit Antonyan
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 0C7, Canada
- Psychiatric Genetics Group, Montreal, QC H4H 1R3, Canada
| | - Shaima Alsuwaidi
- Psychiatric Genetics Group, Montreal, QC H4H 1R3, Canada
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Andreas Schuppert
- Joint Research Center for Computational Biomedicine, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen 52074, Germany
| | - Patrick S Stumpf
- Joint Research Center for Computational Biomedicine, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen 52074, Germany
| | - Carl Ernst
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 0C7, Canada
- Psychiatric Genetics Group, Montreal, QC H4H 1R3, Canada
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada
- Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montréal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada
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8
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Bosseboeuf E, Chikh A, Chaker AB, Mitchell TP, Vignaraja D, Rajendrakumar R, Khambata RS, Nightingale TD, Mason JC, Randi AM, Ahluwalia A, Raimondi C. Neuropilin-1 interacts with VE-cadherin and TGFBR2 to stabilize adherens junctions and prevent activation of endothelium under flow. Sci Signal 2023; 16:eabo4863. [PMID: 37220183 PMCID: PMC7614756 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.abo4863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Linear and disturbed flow differentially regulate gene expression, with disturbed flow priming endothelial cells (ECs) for a proinflammatory, atheroprone expression profile and phenotype. Here, we investigated the role of the transmembrane protein neuropilin-1 (NRP1) in ECs exposed to flow using cultured ECs, mice with an endothelium-specific knockout of NRP1, and a mouse model of atherosclerosis. We demonstrated that NRP1 was a constituent of adherens junctions that interacted with VE-cadherin and promoted its association with p120 catenin, stabilizing adherens junctions and inducing cytoskeletal remodeling in alignment with the direction of flow. We also showed that NRP1 interacted with transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) receptor II (TGFBR2) and reduced the plasma membrane localization of TGFBR2 and TGF-β signaling. NRP1 knockdown increased the abundance of proinflammatory cytokines and adhesion molecules, resulting in increased leukocyte rolling and atherosclerotic plaque size. These findings describe a role for NRP1 in promoting endothelial function and reveal a mechanism by which NRP1 reduction in ECs may contribute to vascular disease by modulating adherens junction signaling and promoting TGF-β signaling and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emy Bosseboeuf
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Centre of Cardiovascular Medicine and Devices, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Anissa Chikh
- Molecular and Clinical Sciences Research Institute, St. George’s, University of London, London SW17 0RE, UK
| | - Ahmed Bey Chaker
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Centre of Cardiovascular Medicine and Devices, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Tom P. Mitchell
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Centre for Microvascular Research, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Dhilakshani Vignaraja
- Imperial Centre for Translational and Experimental Medicine, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - Ridhi Rajendrakumar
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Centre of Cardiovascular Medicine and Devices, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Rayomand S. Khambata
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Centre of Cardiovascular Medicine and Devices, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Thomas D. Nightingale
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Centre for Microvascular Research, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Justin C. Mason
- Vascular Sciences, National Heart & Lung Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Campus, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0HS, UK
| | - Anna M. Randi
- Vascular Sciences, National Heart & Lung Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Campus, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0HS, UK
| | - Amrita Ahluwalia
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Centre of Cardiovascular Medicine and Devices, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Claudio Raimondi
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Centre of Cardiovascular Medicine and Devices, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
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9
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Dlamini Z, Khanyile R, Molefi T, Damane BP, Bates DO, Hull R. Genomic Interplay between Neoneurogenesis and Neoangiogenesis in Carcinogenesis: Therapeutic Interventions. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15061805. [PMID: 36980690 PMCID: PMC10046518 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15061805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Angiogenesis, the generation of new blood vessels, is one of the hallmarks of cancer. The growing tumor requires nutrients and oxygen. Recent evidence has shown that tumors release signals to attract new nerve fibers and stimulate the growth of new nerve fibers. Neurogenesis, neural extension, and axonogenesis assist in the migration of cancer cells. Cancer cells can use both blood vessels and nerve fibers as routes for cells to move along. In this way, neurogenesis and angiogenesis both contribute to cancer metastasis. As a result, tumor-induced neurogenesis joins angiogenesis and immunosuppression as aberrant processes that are exacerbated within the tumor microenvironment. The relationship between these processes contributes to cancer development and progression. The interplay between these systems is brought about by cytokines, neurotransmitters, and neuromodulators, which activate signaling pathways that are common to angiogenesis and the nervous tissue. These include the AKT signaling pathways, the MAPK pathway, and the Ras signaling pathway. These processes also both require the remodeling of tissues. The interplay of these processes in cancer provides the opportunity to develop novel therapies that can be used to target these processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zodwa Dlamini
- SAMRC Precision Oncology Research Unit (PORU), DSI/NRF SARChI Chair in Precision Oncology and Cancer Prevention (POCP), Pan African Cancer Research Institute (PACRI), University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0028, South Africa
- Correspondence: (Z.D.); (R.H.)
| | - Richard Khanyile
- SAMRC Precision Oncology Research Unit (PORU), DSI/NRF SARChI Chair in Precision Oncology and Cancer Prevention (POCP), Pan African Cancer Research Institute (PACRI), University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0028, South Africa
- Department of Medical Oncology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Steve Biko Academic Hospital, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0028, South Africa
| | - Thulo Molefi
- SAMRC Precision Oncology Research Unit (PORU), DSI/NRF SARChI Chair in Precision Oncology and Cancer Prevention (POCP), Pan African Cancer Research Institute (PACRI), University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0028, South Africa
- Department of Medical Oncology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Steve Biko Academic Hospital, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0028, South Africa
| | - Botle Precious Damane
- Department of Surgery, Steve Biko Academic Hospital, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0028, South Africa
| | - David Owen Bates
- Centre for Cancer Sciences, Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, Biodiscovery Institute, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Rodney Hull
- SAMRC Precision Oncology Research Unit (PORU), DSI/NRF SARChI Chair in Precision Oncology and Cancer Prevention (POCP), Pan African Cancer Research Institute (PACRI), University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0028, South Africa
- Correspondence: (Z.D.); (R.H.)
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10
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Osude C, Lin L, Patel M, Eckburg A, Berei J, Kuckovic A, Dube N, Rastogi A, Gautam S, Smith TJ, Sreenivassappa SB, Puri N. Mediating EGFR-TKI Resistance by VEGF/VEGFR Autocrine Pathway in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer. Cells 2022; 11:cells11101694. [PMID: 35626731 PMCID: PMC9139342 DOI: 10.3390/cells11101694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2021] [Revised: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients acquire resistance to tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) via EGFR mutations or overexpression of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2 (VEGFR-2). In this study, we elucidated the mechanism of EGFR-TKI resistance mediated by VEGF/VEGFR in EGFR-mutated NSCLC cell lines and Erlotinib-resistant cell lines as compared to parental cell lines. Increased expression of VEGF, VEGFR-2, and NP1 was observed in Erlotinib-resistant cell lines. Furthermore, we observed an increased efficacy of Erlotinib in combination with a VEGFR-2 inhibitor in Erlotinib-resistant cell lines. Late-stage NSCLC patients with high expression of VEGFR-2 had shorter survival times compared to patients with low VEGFR-2 expression. These results indicate that VEGFR-2 may play a key role in EGFR-TKI resistance that can be overcome with a combination treatment of Erlotinib and a VEGFR-2 inhibitor, which may serve as an effective treatment option for NSCLC patients with EGFR mutations. Abstract NSCLC treatment includes targeting of EGFR with tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) such as Erlotinib; however, resistance to TKIs is commonly acquired through T790M EGFR mutations or overexpression of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2 (VEGFR-2). We investigated the mechanisms of EGFR-TKI resistance in NSCLC cell lines with EGFR mutations or acquired resistance to Erlotinib. These studies showed upregulated gene and protein expression of VEGF, VEGFR-2, and a VEGF co-receptor neuropilin-1 (NP-1) in Erlotinib-resistant (1.4–5.3-fold) and EGFR double-mutant (L858R and T790M; 4.1–8.3-fold) NSCLC cells compared to parental and EGFR single-mutant (L858R) NSCLC cell lines, respectively. Immunofluorescence and FACS analysis revealed increased expression of VEGFR-2 and NP-1 in EGFR-TKI-resistant cell lines compared to TKI-sensitive cell lines. Cell proliferation assays showed that treatment with a VEGFR-2 inhibitor combined with Erlotinib lowered cell survival in EGFR double-mutant NSCLC cells to 9% compared to 72% after treatment with Erlotinib alone. Furthermore, Kaplan–Meier analysis revealed shorter median survival in late-stage NSCLC patients with high vs. low VEGFR-2 expression (14 mos vs. 21 mos). The results indicate that VEGFR-2 may play a key role in EGFR-TKI resistance and that combined treatment of Erlotinib with a VEGFR-2 inhibitor may serve as an effective therapy in NSCLC patients with EGFR mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chike Osude
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Illinois College of Medicine at Rockford, Rockford, IL 61107, USA; (C.O.); (L.L.); (M.P.); (A.E.); (J.B.); (A.K.); (N.D.); (A.R.); (S.G.)
| | - Leo Lin
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Illinois College of Medicine at Rockford, Rockford, IL 61107, USA; (C.O.); (L.L.); (M.P.); (A.E.); (J.B.); (A.K.); (N.D.); (A.R.); (S.G.)
| | - Meet Patel
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Illinois College of Medicine at Rockford, Rockford, IL 61107, USA; (C.O.); (L.L.); (M.P.); (A.E.); (J.B.); (A.K.); (N.D.); (A.R.); (S.G.)
| | - Adam Eckburg
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Illinois College of Medicine at Rockford, Rockford, IL 61107, USA; (C.O.); (L.L.); (M.P.); (A.E.); (J.B.); (A.K.); (N.D.); (A.R.); (S.G.)
| | - Joseph Berei
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Illinois College of Medicine at Rockford, Rockford, IL 61107, USA; (C.O.); (L.L.); (M.P.); (A.E.); (J.B.); (A.K.); (N.D.); (A.R.); (S.G.)
| | - Adijan Kuckovic
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Illinois College of Medicine at Rockford, Rockford, IL 61107, USA; (C.O.); (L.L.); (M.P.); (A.E.); (J.B.); (A.K.); (N.D.); (A.R.); (S.G.)
| | - Namrata Dube
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Illinois College of Medicine at Rockford, Rockford, IL 61107, USA; (C.O.); (L.L.); (M.P.); (A.E.); (J.B.); (A.K.); (N.D.); (A.R.); (S.G.)
| | - Aayush Rastogi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Illinois College of Medicine at Rockford, Rockford, IL 61107, USA; (C.O.); (L.L.); (M.P.); (A.E.); (J.B.); (A.K.); (N.D.); (A.R.); (S.G.)
| | - Shruti Gautam
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Illinois College of Medicine at Rockford, Rockford, IL 61107, USA; (C.O.); (L.L.); (M.P.); (A.E.); (J.B.); (A.K.); (N.D.); (A.R.); (S.G.)
| | - Thomas J. Smith
- College of Education, Northern Illinois University, Dekalb, IL 60115, USA;
| | | | - Neelu Puri
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Illinois College of Medicine at Rockford, Rockford, IL 61107, USA; (C.O.); (L.L.); (M.P.); (A.E.); (J.B.); (A.K.); (N.D.); (A.R.); (S.G.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-815-395-5678
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11
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Genetic inactivation of Semaphorin 3C protects mice from Acute Kidney Injury. Kidney Int 2022; 101:720-732. [DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2021.12.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Revised: 12/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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12
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Guo X, Wang M, Wang X, Guo M, Xue T, Wang Z, Li H, Xu T, He B, Cui D, Tong S. Progressive Increase of High-Frequency EEG Oscillations during Meditation is Associated with its Trait Effects on Heart Rate and Proteomics: A Study on the Tibetan Buddhist. Cereb Cortex 2021; 32:3865-3877. [PMID: 34974617 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhab453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Revised: 11/07/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Meditation has been a spiritual and healing practice in the East for thousands of years. However, the neurophysiologic mechanisms underlying its traditional form remain unclear. In this study, we recruited a large sample of monks (n = 73) who practice Tibetan Buddhist meditation and compared with meditation-naive local controls (n = 30). Their electroencephalography (EEG) and electrocardiogram signals were simultaneously recorded and blood samples were collected to investigate the integrative effects of Tibetan Buddhist on brain, heart, and proteomics. We found that the EEG activities in monks shifted to a higher frequency from resting to meditation. Meditation starts with decrease of the (pre)frontal delta activity and increase of the (pre)frontal high beta and gamma activity; while at the deep meditative state, the posterior high-frequency activity was also increased, and could be specified as a biomarker for the deep meditation. The state increase of posterior high-frequency EEG activity was significantly correlated with the trait effects on heart rate and nueropilin-1 in monks, with the source of brain-heart correlation mainly locating in the attention and emotion networks. Our study revealed that the effects of Tibetan Buddhist meditation on brain, heart, and proteomics were highly correlated, demonstrating meditation as an integrative body-mind training.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoli Guo
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Med-X Research Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Meiyun Wang
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Med-X Research Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xu Wang
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Med-X Research Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Menglin Guo
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Med-X Research Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ting Xue
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhuo Wang
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Med-X Research Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Han Li
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai, China
| | - Tianjiao Xu
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Bin He
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, USA.,Center for Neuroscience Institute, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, USA
| | - Donghong Cui
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai, China
| | - Shanbao Tong
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Med-X Research Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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13
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Benedicto A, García-Kamiruaga I, Arteta B. Neuropilin-1: A feasible link between liver pathologies and COVID-19. World J Gastroenterol 2021; 27:3516-3529. [PMID: 34239266 PMCID: PMC8240058 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v27.i24.3516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Revised: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic has a tremendous impact on the health of millions of people worldwide. Unfortunately, those suffering from previous pathological conditions are more vulnerable and tend to develop more severe disease upon infection with the new SARS-CoV-2. This coronavirus interacts with the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 receptor to invade the cells. Recently, another receptor, neuropilin-1 (NRP-1), has been reported to amplify the viral infection. Interestingly, NRP-1 is expressed in nonparenchymal liver cells and is related to and upregulated in a wide variety of liver-related pathologies. It has been observed that SARS-CoV-2 infection promotes liver injury through several pathways that may be influenced by the previous pathological status of the patient and liver expression of NRP-1. Moreover, coronavirus disease 2019 causes an inflammatory cascade called cytokine storm in patients with severe disease. This cytokine storm may influence liver sinusoidal-cell phenotype, facilitating viral invasion. In this review, the shreds of evidence linking NRP-1 with liver pathologies such as hepatocellular carcinoma, liver fibrosis, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and inflammatory disorders are discussed in the context of SARS-CoV-2 infection. In addition, the involvement of the infection-related cytokine storm in NRP-1 overexpression and the subsequent increased risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection are also analyzed. This review aims to shed some light on the involvement of liver NRP-1 during SARS-CoV-2 infection and emphasizes the possible involvement this receptor with the observed liver damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aitor Benedicto
- Department of Cellular Biology and Histology, School of Medicine and Nursing, University of the Basque Country, Leioa 48940, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Iñigo García-Kamiruaga
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, San Eloy Hospital, Barakaldo 48902, Spain
| | - Beatriz Arteta
- Department of Cellular Biology and Histology, School of Medicine and Nursing, University of the Basque Country, Leioa 48940, Bizkaia, Spain
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14
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Grudlewska-Buda K, Wiktorczyk-Kapischke N, Wałecka-Zacharska E, Kwiecińska-Piróg J, Buszko K, Leis K, Juszczuk K, Gospodarek-Komkowska E, Skowron K. SARS-CoV-2-Morphology, Transmission and Diagnosis during Pandemic, Review with Element of Meta-Analysis. J Clin Med 2021; 10:1962. [PMID: 34063654 PMCID: PMC8125301 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10091962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The outbreak of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Thus far, the virus has killed over 2,782,112 people and infected over 126,842,694 in the world (state 27 March 2021), resulting in a pandemic for humans. Based on the present data, SARS-CoV-2 transmission from animals to humans cannot be excluded. If mutations allowing breaking of the species barrier and enhancing transmissibility occurred, next changes in the SARS-CoV-2 genome, leading to easier spreading and greater pathogenicity, could happen. The environment and saliva might play an important role in virus transmission. Therefore, there is a need for strict regimes in terms of personal hygiene, including hand washing and surface disinfection. The presence of viral RNA is not an equivalent of active viral infection. The positive result of the RT-PCR method may represent either viral residues or infectious virus particles. RNA-based tests should not be used in patients after the decline of disease symptoms to confirm convalescence. It has been proposed to use the test based on viral, sub-genomic mRNA, or serological methods to find the immune response to infection. Vertical transmission of SARS-CoV-2 is still a little-known issue. In our review, we have prepared a meta-analysis of the transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from mother to child depending on the type of delivery. Our study indicated that the transmission of the virus from mother to child is rare, and the infection rate is not higher in the case of natural childbirth, breastfeeding, or contact with the mother. We hope that this review and meta-analysis will help to systemize knowledge about SARS-CoV-2 with an emphasis on diagnostic implications and transmission routes, in particular, mother-to-child transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Grudlewska-Buda
- Department of Microbiology, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, 87-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland; (K.G.-B.); (N.W.-K.); (J.K.-P.); (E.G.-K.)
| | - Natalia Wiktorczyk-Kapischke
- Department of Microbiology, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, 87-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland; (K.G.-B.); (N.W.-K.); (J.K.-P.); (E.G.-K.)
| | - Ewa Wałecka-Zacharska
- Department of Food Hygiene and Consumer Health, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 50-375 Wrocław, Poland;
| | - Joanna Kwiecińska-Piróg
- Department of Microbiology, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, 87-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland; (K.G.-B.); (N.W.-K.); (J.K.-P.); (E.G.-K.)
| | - Katarzyna Buszko
- Department of Theoretical Foundations of Biomedical Science and Medical Informatics, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, 87-067 Bydgoszcz, Poland;
| | - Kamil Leis
- Faculty of Medicile, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, 87-067 Bydgoszcz, Poland;
| | - Klaudia Juszczuk
- Clinic of General, Colorectal and Oncological Surgery, Dr. Jana Biziel University Hospital, No. 2 in Bydgoszcz, 75 Ujejskiego St., 85-168 Bydgoszcz, Poland;
| | - Eugenia Gospodarek-Komkowska
- Department of Microbiology, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, 87-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland; (K.G.-B.); (N.W.-K.); (J.K.-P.); (E.G.-K.)
| | - Krzysztof Skowron
- Department of Microbiology, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, 87-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland; (K.G.-B.); (N.W.-K.); (J.K.-P.); (E.G.-K.)
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15
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Chico TJA, Kugler EC. Cerebrovascular development: mechanisms and experimental approaches. Cell Mol Life Sci 2021; 78:4377-4398. [PMID: 33688979 PMCID: PMC8164590 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-021-03790-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Revised: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The cerebral vasculature plays a central role in human health and disease and possesses several unique anatomic, functional and molecular characteristics. Despite their importance, the mechanisms that determine cerebrovascular development are less well studied than other vascular territories. This is in part due to limitations of existing models and techniques for visualisation and manipulation of the cerebral vasculature. In this review we summarise the experimental approaches used to study the cerebral vessels and the mechanisms that contribute to their development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy J A Chico
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, Medical School, University of Sheffield, Beech Hill Road, Sheffield, S10 2RX, UK.
- The Bateson Centre, Firth Court, University of Sheffield, Western Bank, Sheffield, S10 2TN, UK.
- Insigneo Institute for in Silico Medicine, The Pam Liversidge Building, Sheffield, S1 3JD, UK.
| | - Elisabeth C Kugler
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, Medical School, University of Sheffield, Beech Hill Road, Sheffield, S10 2RX, UK.
- The Bateson Centre, Firth Court, University of Sheffield, Western Bank, Sheffield, S10 2TN, UK.
- Insigneo Institute for in Silico Medicine, The Pam Liversidge Building, Sheffield, S1 3JD, UK.
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16
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Neuropilin 1 Regulation of Vascular Permeability Signaling. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11050666. [PMID: 33947161 PMCID: PMC8146136 DOI: 10.3390/biom11050666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2021] [Revised: 04/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The vascular endothelium acts as a selective barrier to regulate macromolecule exchange between the blood and tissues. However, the integrity of the endothelium barrier is compromised in an array of pathological settings, including ischemic disease and cancer, which are the leading causes of death worldwide. The resulting vascular hyperpermeability to plasma molecules as well as leukocytes then leads to tissue damaging edema formation and inflammation. The vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA) is a potent permeability factor, and therefore a desirable target for impeding vascular hyperpermeability. However, VEGFA also promotes angiogenesis, the growth of new blood vessels, which is required for reperfusion of ischemic tissues. Moreover, edema increases interstitial pressure in poorly perfused tumors, thereby affecting the delivery of therapeutics, which could be counteracted by stimulating the growth of new functional blood vessels. Thus, targets must be identified to accurately modulate the barrier function of blood vessels without affecting angiogenesis, as well as to develop more effective pro- or anti-angiogenic therapies. Recent studies have shown that the VEGFA co-receptor neuropilin 1 (NRP1) could be playing a fundamental role in steering VEGFA-induced responses of vascular endothelial cells towards angiogenesis or vascular permeability. Moreover, NRP1 is involved in mediating permeability signals induced by ligands other than VEGFA. This review therefore focuses on current knowledge on the role of NRP1 in the regulation of vascular permeability signaling in the endothelium to provide an up-to-date landscape of the current knowledge in this field.
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17
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Vincentz JW, Firulli BA, Toolan KP, Osterwalder M, Pennacchio LA, Firulli AB. HAND transcription factors cooperatively specify the aorta and pulmonary trunk. Dev Biol 2021; 476:1-10. [PMID: 33757801 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2021.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Revised: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Congenital heart defects (CHDs) affecting the cardiac outflow tract (OFT) constitute a significant cause of morbidity and mortality. The OFT develops from migratory cell populations which include the cardiac neural crest cells (cNCCs) and secondary heart field (SHF) derived myocardium and endocardium. The related transcription factors HAND1 and HAND2 have been implicated in human CHDs involving the OFT. Although Hand1 is expressed within the OFT, Hand1 NCC-specific conditional knockout mice (H1CKOs) are viable. Here we show that these H1CKOs present a low penetrance of OFT phenotypes, whereas SHF-specific Hand1 ablation does not reveal any cardiac phenotypes. Further, HAND1 and HAND2 appear functionally redundant within the cNCCs, as a reduction/ablation of Hand2 on an NCC-specific H1CKO background causes pronounced OFT defects. Double conditional Hand1 and Hand2 NCC knockouts exhibit persistent truncus arteriosus (PTA) with 100% penetrance. NCC lineage-tracing and Sema3c in situ mRNA expression reveal that Sema3c-expressing cells are mis-localized, resulting in a malformed septal bridge within the OFTs of H1CKO;H2CKO embryos. Interestingly, Hand1 and Hand2 also genetically interact within the SHF, as SHF H1CKOs on a heterozygous Hand2 background exhibit Ventricular Septal Defects (VSDs) with incomplete penetrance. Previously, we identified a BMP, HAND2, and GATA-dependent Hand1 OFT enhancer sufficient to drive reporter gene expression within the nascent OFT and aorta. Using these transcription inputs as a probe, we identify a novel Hand2 OFT enhancer, suggesting that a conserved BMP-GATA dependent mechanism transcriptionally regulates both HAND factors. These findings support the hypothesis that HAND factors interpret BMP signaling within the cNCCs to cooperatively coordinate OFT morphogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua W Vincentz
- Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research Department of Pediatrics, Anatomy, Biochemistry, and Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, 1044 W. Walnut St., Indianapolis, IN, 46202-5225, USA.
| | - Beth A Firulli
- Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research Department of Pediatrics, Anatomy, Biochemistry, and Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, 1044 W. Walnut St., Indianapolis, IN, 46202-5225, USA
| | - Kevin P Toolan
- Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research Department of Pediatrics, Anatomy, Biochemistry, and Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, 1044 W. Walnut St., Indianapolis, IN, 46202-5225, USA
| | - Marco Osterwalder
- Environmental Genomics and Systems Biology Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA; Department for BioMedical Research (DBMR), University of Bern, Murtenstrasse 35, 3008, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Len A Pennacchio
- Environmental Genomics and Systems Biology Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA; U.S. Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA; Comparative Biochemistry Program, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Anthony B Firulli
- Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research Department of Pediatrics, Anatomy, Biochemistry, and Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, 1044 W. Walnut St., Indianapolis, IN, 46202-5225, USA.
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18
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Wiszniak S, Schwarz Q. Exploring the Intracrine Functions of VEGF-A. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11010128. [PMID: 33478167 PMCID: PMC7835749 DOI: 10.3390/biom11010128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A or VEGF) is a highly conserved secreted signalling protein best known for its roles in vascular development and angiogenesis. Many non-endothelial roles for VEGF are now established, with the discovery that VEGF and its receptors VEGFR1 and VEGFR2 are expressed in many non-vascular cell-types, as well as various cancers. In addition to secreted VEGF binding to its receptors in the extracellular space at the cell membrane (i.e., in a paracrine or autocrine mode), intracellularly localised VEGF is emerging as an important signalling molecule regulating cell growth, survival, and metabolism. This intracellular mode of signalling has been termed “intracrine”, and refers to the direct action of a signalling molecule within the cell without being secreted. In this review, we describe examples of intracrine VEGF signalling in regulating cell growth, differentiation and survival, both in normal cell homeostasis and development, as well as in cancer. We further discuss emerging evidence for the molecular mechanisms underpinning VEGF intracrine function, as well as the implications this intracellular mode of VEGF signalling may have for use and design of anti-VEGF cancer therapeutics.
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Michelini S, Amato B, Ricci M, Kenanoglu S, Veselenyiova D, Kurti D, Baglivo M, Manara E, Dundar M, Krajcovic J, Basha SH, Priya S, Serrani R, Miggiano GAD, Aquilanti B, Matera G, Velluti V, Gagliardi L, Dautaj A, Bertelli M. Segregation Analysis of Rare NRP1 and NRP2 Variants in Families with Lymphedema. Genes (Basel) 2020; 11:genes11111361. [PMID: 33212964 PMCID: PMC7698471 DOI: 10.3390/genes11111361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Revised: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuropilins are transmembrane coreceptors expressed by endothelial cells and neurons. NRP1 and NRP2 bind a variety of ligands, by which they trigger cell signaling, and are important in the development of lymphatic valves and lymphatic capillaries, respectively. This study focuses on identifying rare variants in the NRP1 and NRP2 genes that could be linked to the development of lymphatic malformations in patients diagnosed with lymphedema. Two hundred and thirty-five Italian lymphedema patients, who tested negative for variants in known lymphedema genes, were screened for variants in NRP1 and NRP2. Two probands carried variants in NRP1 and four in NRP2. The variants of both genes segregated with lymphedema in familial cases. Although further functional and biochemical studies are needed to clarify their involvement with lymphedema and to associate NRP1 and NRP2 with lymphedema, we suggest that it is worthwhile also screening lymphedema patients for these two new candidate genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandro Michelini
- Department of Vascular Rehabilitation, San Giovanni Battista Hospital, 00148 Rome, Italy;
| | - Bruno Amato
- Department of General and Geriatric Surgery, University of Naples “Federico II”, 80138 Naples, Italy;
| | - Maurizio Ricci
- Division of Rehabilitation Medicine, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria, 60126 Ospedali Riuniti di Ancona, Italy; (M.R.); (R.S.)
| | - Sercan Kenanoglu
- MAGI Euregio, 39100 Bolzano, Italy; (S.K.); (D.V.); (D.K.); (M.B.); (E.M.); (M.B.)
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri 38039, Turkey;
| | - Dominika Veselenyiova
- MAGI Euregio, 39100 Bolzano, Italy; (S.K.); (D.V.); (D.K.); (M.B.); (E.M.); (M.B.)
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Ss. Cyril and Methodius in Trnava, 91701 Trnava, Slovakia;
| | - Danjela Kurti
- MAGI Euregio, 39100 Bolzano, Italy; (S.K.); (D.V.); (D.K.); (M.B.); (E.M.); (M.B.)
- MAGI-Balkan, Tirana 1019, Albania
| | - Mirko Baglivo
- MAGI Euregio, 39100 Bolzano, Italy; (S.K.); (D.V.); (D.K.); (M.B.); (E.M.); (M.B.)
| | - Elena Manara
- MAGI Euregio, 39100 Bolzano, Italy; (S.K.); (D.V.); (D.K.); (M.B.); (E.M.); (M.B.)
| | - Munis Dundar
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri 38039, Turkey;
| | - Juraj Krajcovic
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Ss. Cyril and Methodius in Trnava, 91701 Trnava, Slovakia;
| | - Syed Hussain Basha
- Innovative Informatica Technologies, Hyderabad 500 049, India; (S.H.B.); (S.P.)
| | - Sasi Priya
- Innovative Informatica Technologies, Hyderabad 500 049, India; (S.H.B.); (S.P.)
| | - Roberta Serrani
- Division of Rehabilitation Medicine, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria, 60126 Ospedali Riuniti di Ancona, Italy; (M.R.); (R.S.)
| | - Giacinto A. D. Miggiano
- UOC Nutrizione Clinica, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (G.A.D.M.); (B.A.); (G.M.); (V.V.); (L.G.)
- Centro di Ricerche in Nutrizione Umana, Università Cattolica Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Barbara Aquilanti
- UOC Nutrizione Clinica, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (G.A.D.M.); (B.A.); (G.M.); (V.V.); (L.G.)
| | - Giuseppina Matera
- UOC Nutrizione Clinica, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (G.A.D.M.); (B.A.); (G.M.); (V.V.); (L.G.)
| | - Valeria Velluti
- UOC Nutrizione Clinica, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (G.A.D.M.); (B.A.); (G.M.); (V.V.); (L.G.)
| | - Lucilla Gagliardi
- UOC Nutrizione Clinica, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (G.A.D.M.); (B.A.); (G.M.); (V.V.); (L.G.)
| | - Astrit Dautaj
- MAGI-Balkan, Tirana 1019, Albania
- EBTNA-Lab, 38068 Rovereto, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-046-420795
| | - Matteo Bertelli
- MAGI Euregio, 39100 Bolzano, Italy; (S.K.); (D.V.); (D.K.); (M.B.); (E.M.); (M.B.)
- EBTNA-Lab, 38068 Rovereto, Italy
- MAGI’s Lab, 38068 Rovereto, Italy
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Progress in Stem Cell Therapy for Spinal Cord Injury. Stem Cells Int 2020; 2020:2853650. [PMID: 33204276 PMCID: PMC7661146 DOI: 10.1155/2020/2853650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2019] [Revised: 10/04/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Spinal cord injury (SCI) is one of the serious neurological diseases that occur in young people with high morbidity and disability. However, there is still a lack of effective treatments for it. Stem cell (SC) treatment of SCI has gradually become a new research hotspot over the past decades. This article is aimed at reviewing the research progress of SC therapy for SCI. Methods Review the literature and summarize the effects, strategies, related mechanisms, safety, and clinical application of different SC types and new approaches in combination with SC in SCI treatment. Results A large number of studies have focused on SC therapy for SCI, most of which showed good effects. The common SC types for SCI treatment include mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), neural stem cells (NSCs), induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), and embryonic stem cells (ESCs). The modes of treatment include in vivo and in vitro induction. The pathways of transplantation consist of intravenous, transarterial, nasal, intraperitoneal, intrathecal, and intramedullary injections. Most of the SC treatments for SCI use a number of cells ranging from tens of thousands to millions. Early or late SC administration, application of immunosuppressant or not are still controversies. Potential mechanisms of SC therapy include tissue repair and replacement, neurotrophy, and regeneration and promotion of angiogenesis, antiapoptosis, and anti-inflammatory. Common safety issues include thrombosis and embolism, tumorigenicity and instability, infection, high fever, and even death. Recently, some new approaches, such as the pharmacological activation of endogenous SCs, biomaterials, 3D print, and optogenetics, have been also developed, which greatly improved the application of SC therapy for SCI. Conclusion Most studies support the effects of SC therapy on SCI, while a few studies do not. The cell types, mechanisms, and strategies of SC therapy for SCI are very different among studies. In addition, the safety cannot be ignored, and more clinical trials are required. The application of new technology will promote SC therapy of SCI.
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Bosseboeuf E, Raimondi C. Signalling, Metabolic Pathways and Iron Homeostasis in Endothelial Cells in Health, Atherosclerosis and Alzheimer's Disease. Cells 2020; 9:cells9092055. [PMID: 32911833 PMCID: PMC7564205 DOI: 10.3390/cells9092055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Endothelial cells drive the formation of new blood vessels in physiological and pathological contexts such as embryonic development, wound healing, cancer and ocular diseases. Once formed, all vessels of the vasculature system present an endothelial monolayer (the endothelium), lining the luminal wall of the vessels, that regulates gas and nutrient exchange between the circulating blood and tissues, contributing to maintaining tissue and vascular homeostasis. To perform their functions, endothelial cells integrate signalling pathways promoted by growth factors, cytokines, extracellular matrix components and signals from mechanosensory complexes sensing the blood flow. New evidence shows that endothelial cells rely on specific metabolic pathways for distinct cellular functions and that the integration of signalling and metabolic pathways regulates endothelial-dependent processes such as angiogenesis and vascular homeostasis. In this review, we provide an overview of endothelial functions and the recent advances in understanding the role of endothelial signalling and metabolism in physiological processes such as angiogenesis and vascular homeostasis and vascular diseases. Also, we focus on the signalling pathways promoted by the transmembrane protein Neuropilin-1 (NRP1) in endothelial cells, its recently discovered role in regulating mitochondrial function and iron homeostasis and the role of mitochondrial dysfunction and iron in atherosclerosis and neurodegenerative diseases.
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Harman JL, Sayers J, Chapman C, Pellet-Many C. Emerging Roles for Neuropilin-2 in Cardiovascular Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E5154. [PMID: 32708258 PMCID: PMC7404143 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21145154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease, the leading cause of death worldwide, is predominantly associated with atherosclerosis. Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease characterised by the narrowing of large to medium-sized arteries due to a build-up of plaque. Atherosclerotic plaque is comprised of lipids, extracellular matrix, and several cell types, including endothelial, immune, and vascular smooth muscle cells. Such narrowing of the blood vessels can itself restrict blood flow to vital organs but most severe clinical complications, including heart attacks and strokes, occur when lesions rupture, triggering the blood to clot and obstructing blood flow further down the vascular tree. To circumvent such obstructions, percutaneous coronary intervention or bypass grafts are often required; however, re-occlusion of the treated artery frequently occurs. Neuropilins (NRPs), a multifunctional family of cell surface co-receptors, are expressed by endothelial, immune, and vascular smooth muscle cells and are regulators of numerous signalling pathways within the vasculature. Here, we review recent studies implicating NRP2 in the development of occlusive vascular diseases and discuss how NRP2 could be targeted for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer L Harman
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, Royal College Street, London NW1 0TU, UK
| | - Jacob Sayers
- University College London, Division of Medicine, Rayne Building, University Street, London WC1E 6JF, UK
| | - Chey Chapman
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, Royal College Street, London NW1 0TU, UK
| | - Caroline Pellet-Many
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, Royal College Street, London NW1 0TU, UK
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23
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Tan G. Inhibitory effects of Semaphorin 3F as an alternative candidate to anti-VEGF monoclonal antibody on angiogenesis. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim 2019; 55:756-765. [DOI: 10.1007/s11626-019-00392-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Ryu S, Broussard L, Youn C, Song B, Norris D, Armstrong CA, Kim B, Song PI. Therapeutic Effects of Synthetic Antimicrobial Peptides, TRAIL and NRP1 Blocking Peptides in Psoriatic Keratinocytes. Chonnam Med J 2019; 55:75-85. [PMID: 31161119 PMCID: PMC6536438 DOI: 10.4068/cmj.2019.55.2.75] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2019] [Revised: 05/01/2019] [Accepted: 05/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Psoriasis is a chronic, recurrent, heterogeneous, cutaneous inflammatory skin disease for which there is no cure. It affects approximately 7.5 million people in the United States. Currently, several biologic agents that target different molecules implicated in the pathogenic processes of psoriasis are being assessed in diverse clinical studies. However, relapse usually occurs within weeks or months, meaning there is currently no cure for psoriasis. Therefore, recent studies have discovered diverse new potential treatments for psoriasis: inhibitors of bacteria such as Staphylococcus aureus, tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) and neuropilin 1 (NRP1). A promising approach that has recently been described involves modifying antimicrobial peptides to develop new cutaneous anti-bacterial agents that target inflammatory skin disease induced by Staphylococcus. Increased expression of TRAIL and its death receptors DR4 and DR5 has been implicated in the pathogenesis of plaque psoriasis. In addition, TRAIL has the ability to inhibit angiogenesis by inducing endothelial cell death and by negative regulation of VEGF-induced angiogenesis via caspase-8-mediated enzymatic and non-enzymatic functions. Since NRP1 regulates angiogenesis induced by multiple signals, including VEGF, ECM and semaphorins, and also initiates proliferation of keratinocytes through NF-κB signaling pathway in involved psoriatic skin, targeting NRP1 pathways may offer numerous windows for intervention in psoriasis. In this review, we will focus on the current knowledge about the emerging role of synthetic antimicrobial peptides, TRAIL and NRP1 blocking peptides in the pathogenesis and treatment of psoriasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunhyo Ryu
- Department of Dermatology, University of Colorado Denver School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Lindsey Broussard
- Department of Dermatology, University of Colorado Denver School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Chakyung Youn
- Department of Biomedical Science and Research Center for Proteinaceous Materials, Chosun University School of Medicine, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Brendon Song
- Department of Biology, University of Denver, Denver, CO, USA
| | - David Norris
- Department of Dermatology, University of Colorado Denver School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Cheryl A Armstrong
- Department of Dermatology, University of Colorado Denver School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Beomjoon Kim
- Department of Dermatology, Chung-Ang University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Peter I Song
- Department of Dermatology, University of Colorado Denver School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
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Jha SK, Rauniyar K, Jeltsch M. Key molecules in lymphatic development, function, and identification. Ann Anat 2018; 219:25-34. [PMID: 29842991 DOI: 10.1016/j.aanat.2018.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2018] [Revised: 05/02/2018] [Accepted: 05/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
While both blood and lymphatic vessels transport fluids and thus share many similarities, they also show functional and structural differences, which can be used to differentiate them. Specific visualization of lymphatic vessels has historically been and still is a pivot point in lymphatic research. Many of the proteins that are investigated by molecular biologists in lymphatic research have been defined as marker molecules, i.e. to visualize and distinguish lymphatic endothelial cells (LECs) from other cell types, most notably from blood vascular endothelial cells (BECs) and cells of the hematopoietic lineage. Among the factors that drive the developmental differentiation of lymphatic structures from venous endothelium, Prospero homeobox protein 1 (PROX1) is the master transcriptional regulator. PROX1 maintains lymphatic identity also in the adult organism and thus is a universal LEC marker. Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-3 (VEGFR-3) is the major tyrosine kinase receptor that drives LEC proliferation and migration. The major activator for VEGFR-3 is vascular endothelial growth factor-C (VEGF-C). However, before VEGF-C can signal, it needs to be proteolytically activated by an extracellular protein complex comprised of Collagen and calcium binding EGF domains 1 (CCBE1) protein and the protease A disintegrin and metallopeptidase with thrombospondin type 1 motif 3 (ADAMTS3). This minireview attempts to give an overview of these and a few other central proteins that scientific inquiry has linked specifically to the lymphatic vasculature. It is limited in scope to a brief description of their main functions, properties and developmental roles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sawan Kumar Jha
- Translational Cancer Biology Research Program, University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Khushbu Rauniyar
- Translational Cancer Biology Research Program, University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Michael Jeltsch
- Translational Cancer Biology Research Program, University of Helsinki, Finland; Wihuri Research Institute, Biomedicum Helsinki, Finland.
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Wang J, Huang Y, Zhang J, Xing B, Xuan W, Wang H, Huang H, Yang J, Tang J. NRP-2 in tumor lymphangiogenesis and lymphatic metastasis. Cancer Lett 2018; 418:176-184. [PMID: 29339213 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2018.01.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2017] [Revised: 01/09/2018] [Accepted: 01/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Neuropilin-2 (NRP-2) not only functions as a receptor for semaphorins, a family of neural axon guidance factors, but also interacts with VEGFs, a family of vascular endothelial growth factors. As an independent receptor or a co-receptor, NRP-2 binds to ligands VEGF-C/D, activates the VEGF-C/D-NRP-2 signaling axis, and further regulates lymphangiogenesis-associated factors in both lymphatic endothelial cells (LECs) and some tumor cells during tumor progression. Via VEGF-C/D-NRP-2 axis, NRP-2 induces LEC proliferation, reconstruction and lymphangiogenesis and subsequently promotes tumor cell migration, invasion and lymphatic metastasis. There are similarities and differences among NRP-1, NRP-2 and VEGFR-3 in chemical structure, ligand specificity, chromosomal location, soluble protein forms, cellular functions and expression profiles. High expression of NRP-2 in LECs and tumor cells has been observed in different anatomic sites, histological patterns and progression stages of various tumors, especially during tumor lymphangiogenesis and lymphatic metastasis, and therefore the NRP-2 and VEGF-C/D-NRP-2 axis are closely related to tumor development, progression, invasion, and metastasis. In addition, it is important for prognosis of tumor. The studies on NRP-2 targeted therapy have recently achieved some successes, utilizing NRP-2 blocking antibodies, NRP-2 inhibitory peptides, soluble NRP-2 antagonists, small molecule inhibitors and various NRP-2 gene therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingwen Wang
- Department of Pathology, Dalian Medical University, Key Laboratory for Tumor Metastasis and Intervention of Liaoning Province, 9 West, Lvshun Southern Road, Dalian Liaoning 116044, China; Institute of Medical Technology, Ningbo College of Health Science, No.51, XueFu Road, Ningbo Zhejiang 315100, China
| | - Yuhong Huang
- Department of Pathology, Dalian Medical University, Key Laboratory for Tumor Metastasis and Intervention of Liaoning Province, 9 West, Lvshun Southern Road, Dalian Liaoning 116044, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Dalian Medical University, Key Laboratory for Tumor Metastasis and Intervention of Liaoning Province, 9 West, Lvshun Southern Road, Dalian Liaoning 116044, China
| | - Boyi Xing
- Department of Pathology, Dalian Medical University, Key Laboratory for Tumor Metastasis and Intervention of Liaoning Province, 9 West, Lvshun Southern Road, Dalian Liaoning 116044, China
| | - Wei Xuan
- Department of Pathology, Dalian Medical University, Key Laboratory for Tumor Metastasis and Intervention of Liaoning Province, 9 West, Lvshun Southern Road, Dalian Liaoning 116044, China
| | - Honghai Wang
- Department of Pathology, Dalian Medical University, Key Laboratory for Tumor Metastasis and Intervention of Liaoning Province, 9 West, Lvshun Southern Road, Dalian Liaoning 116044, China
| | - He Huang
- Department of Pathology, Dalian Medical University, Key Laboratory for Tumor Metastasis and Intervention of Liaoning Province, 9 West, Lvshun Southern Road, Dalian Liaoning 116044, China
| | - Jiayu Yang
- Department of Pathology, Dalian Medical University, Key Laboratory for Tumor Metastasis and Intervention of Liaoning Province, 9 West, Lvshun Southern Road, Dalian Liaoning 116044, China
| | - Jianwu Tang
- Department of Pathology, Dalian Medical University, Key Laboratory for Tumor Metastasis and Intervention of Liaoning Province, 9 West, Lvshun Southern Road, Dalian Liaoning 116044, China.
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Chan WH, Anderson CR, Gonsalvez DG. From proliferation to target innervation: signaling molecules that direct sympathetic nervous system development. Cell Tissue Res 2017; 372:171-193. [PMID: 28971249 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-017-2693-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2017] [Accepted: 08/30/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system includes a variety of cells including neurons, endocrine cells and glial cells. A recent study (Furlan et al. 2017) has revised thinking about the developmental origin of these cells. It now appears that sympathetic neurons and chromaffin cells of the adrenal medulla do not have an immediate common ancestor in the form a "sympathoadrenal cell", as has been long believed. Instead, chromaffin cells arise from Schwann cell precursors. This review integrates the new findings with the expanding body of knowledge on the signalling pathways and transcription factors that regulate the origin of cells of the sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- W H Chan
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, 3010, Australia
| | - C R Anderson
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, 3010, Australia
| | - David G Gonsalvez
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, 3010, Australia.
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A thirty-year quest for a role of R-Ras in cancer: from an oncogene to a multitasking GTPase. Cancer Lett 2017; 403:59-65. [DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2017.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2017] [Revised: 05/28/2017] [Accepted: 06/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Increasing Human Neural Stem Cell Transplantation Dose Alters Oligodendroglial and Neuronal Differentiation after Spinal Cord Injury. Stem Cell Reports 2017; 8:1534-1548. [PMID: 28479305 PMCID: PMC5469937 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2017.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2014] [Revised: 04/07/2017] [Accepted: 04/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Multipotent human central nervous system-derived neural stem cells transplanted at doses ranging from 10,000 (low) to 500,000 (very high) cells differentiated predominantly into the oligodendroglial lineage. However, while the number of engrafted cells increased linearly in relationship to increasing dose, the proportion of oligodendrocytic cells declined. Increasing dose resulted in a plateau of engraftment, enhanced neuronal differentiation, and increased distal migration caudal to the transplantation sites. Dose had no effect on terminal sensory recovery or open-field locomotor scores. However, total human cell number and decreased oligodendroglial proportion were correlated with hindlimb girdle coupling errors. Conversely, greater oligodendroglial proportion was correlated with increased Ab step pattern, decreased swing speed, and increased paw intensity, consistent with improved recovery. These data suggest that transplant dose, and/or target niche parameters can regulate donor cell engraftment, differentiation/maturation, and lineage-specific migration profiles. SCI niche may have a limited capacity for donor cell engraftment Dose alters the donor cell lineage-specific fate and migration profile Increasing hindlimb girdle couplings errors may be due to increased total cell numbers Greater proportion of oligodendroglial cells improves locomotor recovery
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30
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Lumb R, Buckberry S, Secker G, Lawrence D, Schwarz Q. Transcriptome profiling reveals expression signatures of cranial neural crest cells arising from different axial levels. BMC DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY 2017; 17:5. [PMID: 28407732 PMCID: PMC5390458 DOI: 10.1186/s12861-017-0147-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2016] [Accepted: 04/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Background Cranial neural crest cells (NCCs) are a unique embryonic cell type which give rise to a diverse array of derivatives extending from neurons and glia through to bone and cartilage. Depending on their point of origin along the antero-posterior axis cranial NCCs are rapidly sorted into distinct migratory streams that give rise to axial specific structures. These migratory streams mirror the underlying segmentation of the brain with NCCs exiting the diencephalon and midbrain following distinct paths compared to those exiting the hindbrain rhombomeres (r). The genetic landscape of cranial NCCs arising at different axial levels remains unknown. Results Here we have used RNA sequencing to uncover the transcriptional profiles of mouse cranial NCCs arising at different axial levels. Whole transcriptome analysis identified over 120 transcripts differentially expressed between NCCs arising anterior to r3 (referred to as r1-r2 migratory stream for simplicity) and the r4 migratory stream. Eight of the genes differentially expressed between these populations were validated by RT-PCR with 2 being further validated by in situ hybridisation. We also explored the expression of the Neuropilins (Nrp1 and Nrp2) and their co-receptors and show that the A-type Plexins are differentially expressed in different cranial NCC streams. Conclusions Our analyses identify a large number of genes differentially regulated between cranial NCCs arising at different axial levels. This data provides a comprehensive description of the genetic landscape driving diversity of distinct cranial NCC streams and provides novel insight into the regulatory networks controlling the formation of specific skeletal elements and the mechanisms promoting migration along different paths. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12861-017-0147-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachael Lumb
- Centre for Cancer Biology, University of South Australia and SA Pathology, Frome Road, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia.,University of Adelaide, Frome Road, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia
| | - Sam Buckberry
- Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, Perth, WA, 6008, Australia.,Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, University of Western Australia, Perth, 6009, WA, Australia
| | - Genevieve Secker
- Centre for Cancer Biology, University of South Australia and SA Pathology, Frome Road, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia
| | - David Lawrence
- ACRF Cancer Genomics Facility, Centre for Cancer Biology, SA Pathology, Adelaide, Australia.,School of Molecular and Biomedical Science, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Quenten Schwarz
- Centre for Cancer Biology, University of South Australia and SA Pathology, Frome Road, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia.
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Endesfelder S, Makki H, von Haefen C, Spies CD, Bührer C, Sifringer M. Neuroprotective effects of dexmedetomidine against hyperoxia-induced injury in the developing rat brain. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0171498. [PMID: 28158247 PMCID: PMC5291450 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0171498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2016] [Accepted: 01/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Dexmedetomidine (DEX) is a highly selective agonist of α2-receptors with sedative, anxiolytic, and analgesic properties. Neuroprotective effects of dexmedetomidine have been reported in various brain injury models. In the present study, we investigated the effects of dexmedetomidine on hippocampal neurogenesis, specifically the proliferation capacity and maturation of neurons and neuronal plasticity following the induction of hyperoxia in neonatal rats. Six-day old sex-matched Wistar rats were exposed to 80% oxygen or room air for 24 h and treated with 1, 5 or 10 μg/kg of dexmedetomidine or normal saline. A single pretreatment with DEX attenuated the hyperoxia-induced injury in terms of neurogenesis and plasticity. In detail, both the proliferation capacity (PCNA+ cells) as well as the expression of neuronal markers (Nestin+, PSA-NCAM+, NeuN+ cells) and transcription factors (SOX2, Tbr1/2, Prox1) were significantly reduced under hyperoxia compared to control. Furthermore, regulators of neuronal plasticity (Nrp1, Nrg1, Syp, and Sema3a/f) were also drastically decreased. A single administration of dexmedetomidine prior to oxygen exposure resulted in a significant up-regulation of expression-profiles compared to hyperoxia. Our results suggest that dexmedetomidine may have neuroprotective effects in an acute hyperoxic model of the neonatal rat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie Endesfelder
- Department of Neonatology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Hanan Makki
- Department of Neonatology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Clarissa von Haefen
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Claudia D Spies
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Christoph Bührer
- Department of Neonatology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Marco Sifringer
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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Komura D, Isagawa T, Kishi K, Suzuki R, Sato R, Tanaka M, Katoh H, Yamamoto S, Tatsuno K, Fukayama M, Aburatani H, Ishikawa S. CASTIN: a system for comprehensive analysis of cancer-stromal interactome. BMC Genomics 2016; 17:899. [PMID: 27829362 PMCID: PMC5103609 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-016-3207-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2016] [Accepted: 10/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cancer microenvironment plays a vital role in cancer development and progression, and cancer-stromal interactions have been recognized as important targets for cancer therapy. However, identifying relevant and druggable cancer-stromal interactions is challenging due to the lack of quantitative methods to analyze whole cancer-stromal interactome. RESULTS We present CASTIN (CAncer-STromal INteractome analysis), a novel framework for the evaluation of cancer-stromal interactome from RNA-Seq data using cancer xenograft models. For each ligand-receptor interaction which is derived from curated protein-protein interaction database, CASTIN summarizes gene expression profiles of cancer and stroma into three evaluation indices. These indices provide quantitative evaluation and comprehensive visualization of interactome, and thus enable to identify critical cancer-microenvironment interactions, which would be potential drug targets. We applied CASTIN to the dataset of pancreas ductal adenocarcinoma, and successfully characterized the individual cancer in terms of cancer-stromal relationships, and identified both well-known and less-characterized druggable interactions. CONCLUSIONS CASTIN provides comprehensive view of cancer-stromal interactome and is useful to identify critical interactions which may serve as potential drug targets in cancer-microenvironment. CASTIN is available at: http://github.com/tmd-gpat/CASTIN .
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Komura
- Department of Genomic Pathology, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takayuki Isagawa
- Department of Genomic Pathology, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuki Kishi
- Department of Genomic Pathology, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan.,Graduate School of Interdisciplinary Information Studies, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryohei Suzuki
- Department of Genomic Pathology, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan.,Graduate School of Information and Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Reiko Sato
- Department of Genomic Pathology, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mariko Tanaka
- Department of Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroto Katoh
- Department of Genomic Pathology, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shogo Yamamoto
- Genome Science Division, Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kenji Tatsuno
- Genome Science Division, Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masashi Fukayama
- Department of Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Aburatani
- Genome Science Division, Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shumpei Ishikawa
- Department of Genomic Pathology, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan.
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33
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Assens A, Dal Col JA, Njoku A, Dietschi Q, Kan C, Feinstein P, Carleton A, Rodriguez I. Alteration of Nrp1 signaling at different stages of olfactory neuron maturation promotes glomerular shifts along distinct axes in the olfactory bulb. Development 2016; 143:3817-3825. [PMID: 27578798 DOI: 10.1242/dev.138941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2016] [Accepted: 08/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Building the topographic map in the mammalian olfactory bulb is explained by a model based on two axes along which sensory neurons are guided: one dorsoventral and one anteroposterior. This latter axis relies on specific expression levels of Nrp1. To evaluate the role of this receptor in this process, we used an in vivo genetic approach to decrease or suppress Nrp1 in specific neuronal populations and at different time points during axonal targeting. We observed, in neurons that express the M71 or M72 odorant receptors, that Nrp1 inactivation leads to two distinct wiring alterations, depending on the time at which Nrp1 expression is altered: first, a surprising dorsal shift of the M71 and M72 glomeruli, which often fuse with their contralateral counterparts, and second the formation of anteriorized glomeruli. The two phenotypes are partly recapitulated in mice lacking the Nrp1 ligand Sema3A and in mice whose sensory neurons express an Nrp1 mutant unable to bind Sema3A. Using a mosaic conditional approach, we show that M71 axonal fibers can bypass the Nrp1 signals that define their target area, since they are hijacked and coalesce with Nrp1-deficient M71-expressing axons that target elsewhere. Together, these findings show drastically different axonal targeting outcomes dependent on the timing at which Nrp1/Sema3A signaling is altered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexis Assens
- Department of Genetics and Evolution, University of Geneva, Geneva 1205, Switzerland.,Geneva Neuroscience Center, University of Geneva, Geneva 1205, Switzerland
| | - Julien A Dal Col
- Department of Genetics and Evolution, University of Geneva, Geneva 1205, Switzerland.,Geneva Neuroscience Center, University of Geneva, Geneva 1205, Switzerland
| | - Anthony Njoku
- Department of Genetics and Evolution, University of Geneva, Geneva 1205, Switzerland.,Geneva Neuroscience Center, University of Geneva, Geneva 1205, Switzerland
| | - Quentin Dietschi
- Department of Genetics and Evolution, University of Geneva, Geneva 1205, Switzerland.,Geneva Neuroscience Center, University of Geneva, Geneva 1205, Switzerland
| | - Chenda Kan
- Department of Genetics and Evolution, University of Geneva, Geneva 1205, Switzerland.,Geneva Neuroscience Center, University of Geneva, Geneva 1205, Switzerland
| | - Paul Feinstein
- Department of Biological Sciences, Hunter College and The Graduate Center Biochemistry, Biology and Biopsychology and Behavioral Neuroscience Programs, CUNY, New York, NY10065, USA
| | - Alan Carleton
- Geneva Neuroscience Center, University of Geneva, Geneva 1205, Switzerland .,Department of Basic Neurosciences, School of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva 1205, Switzerland
| | - Ivan Rodriguez
- Department of Genetics and Evolution, University of Geneva, Geneva 1205, Switzerland .,Geneva Neuroscience Center, University of Geneva, Geneva 1205, Switzerland
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34
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Barton R, Driscoll A, Flores S, Mudbhari D, Collins T, Iovine MK, Berger BW. Cysteines in the neuropilin-2 MAM domain modulate receptor homooligomerization and signal transduction. Biopolymers 2016; 104:371-8. [PMID: 25656526 DOI: 10.1002/bip.22619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2014] [Revised: 01/14/2015] [Accepted: 01/24/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Neuropilins (NRPs) are transmembrane receptors involved in angiogenesis, lymphangiogenesis, and neuronal development as well as in cancer metastasis. Previous studies suggest that NRPs exist in heteromeric complexes with vascular endothelial growth factors (VEGFs) and VEGF receptors as well as plexins and semaphorins. We determined via site-directed mutagenesis and bioluminescent resonance energy transfer assays that a conserved cysteine (C711) in the Danio rerio NRP2a MAM (meprin, A-5 protein, and protein tyrosine phosphatase μ) domain modulates NRP2a homomeric interactions. Mutation of this residue also disrupts semaphorin-3F binding in NRP2a-transfected COS-7 cells and prevents the NRP2a overexpression effects in a zebrafish vascular model. Collectively, our results indicate the MAM domain plays an important role in defining the NRP2 homodimer structure, which is important for semaphorin-dependent signal transduction via NRP2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachael Barton
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania
| | - Alyssa Driscoll
- Program in Bioengineering, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania
| | - Samuel Flores
- Department of Biological Sciences, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania
| | - Durlav Mudbhari
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania
| | - Theresa Collins
- Department of Biological Sciences, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania
| | - M Kathryn Iovine
- Department of Biological Sciences, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania
| | - Bryan W Berger
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania.,Program in Bioengineering, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania
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35
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Raimondi C, Brash JT, Fantin A, Ruhrberg C. NRP1 function and targeting in neurovascular development and eye disease. Prog Retin Eye Res 2016; 52:64-83. [PMID: 26923176 PMCID: PMC4854174 DOI: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2016.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2015] [Revised: 02/08/2016] [Accepted: 02/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Neuropilin 1 (NRP1) is expressed by neurons, blood vessels, immune cells and many other cell types in the mammalian body and binds a range of structurally and functionally diverse extracellular ligands to modulate organ development and function. In recent years, several types of mouse knockout models have been developed that have provided useful tools for experimental investigation of NRP1 function, and a multitude of therapeutics targeting NRP1 have been designed, mostly with the view to explore them for cancer treatment. This review provides a general overview of current knowledge of the signalling pathways that are modulated by NRP1, with particular focus on neuronal and vascular roles in the brain and retina. This review will also discuss the potential of NRP1 inhibitors for the treatment for neovascular eye diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudio Raimondi
- UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, 11-43 Bath Street, London EC1V 9EL, UK
| | - James T Brash
- UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, 11-43 Bath Street, London EC1V 9EL, UK
| | - Alessandro Fantin
- UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, 11-43 Bath Street, London EC1V 9EL, UK
| | - Christiana Ruhrberg
- UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, 11-43 Bath Street, London EC1V 9EL, UK.
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36
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Wiszniak S, Scherer M, Ramshaw H, Schwarz Q. Neuropilin-2 genomic elements drive cre recombinase expression in primitive blood, vascular and neuronal lineages. Genesis 2015; 53:709-17. [PMID: 26454009 DOI: 10.1002/dvg.22905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2015] [Revised: 09/28/2015] [Accepted: 10/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
We have established a novel Cre mouse line, using genomic elements encompassing the Nrp2 locus, present within a bacterial artificial chromosome clone. By crossing this Cre driver line to R26R LacZ reporter mice, we have documented the temporal expression and lineage traced tissues in which Cre is expressed. Nrp2-Cre drives expression in primitive blood cells arising from the yolk sac, venous and lymphatic endothelial cells, peripheral sensory ganglia, and the lung bud. This mouse line will provide a new tool to researchers wishing to study the development of various tissues and organs in which this Cre driver is expressed, as well as allow tissue-specific knockout of genes of interest to study protein function. This work also presents the first evidence for expression of Nrp2 protein in a mesodermal progenitor with restricted hematopoietic potential, which will significantly advance the study of primitive erythropoiesis. genesis 53:709-717, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Wiszniak
- Centre for Cancer Biology and University of South Australia, Frome Road, Adelaide, South Australia, 5000, Australia
| | - Michaela Scherer
- Centre for Cancer Biology and University of South Australia, Frome Road, Adelaide, South Australia, 5000, Australia
| | - Hayley Ramshaw
- Centre for Cancer Biology and University of South Australia, Frome Road, Adelaide, South Australia, 5000, Australia
| | - Quenten Schwarz
- Centre for Cancer Biology and University of South Australia, Frome Road, Adelaide, South Australia, 5000, Australia
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37
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Li X, Parker MW, Vander Kooi CW. Control of cellular motility by neuropilin-mediated physical interactions. Biomol Concepts 2015; 5:157-66. [PMID: 25018786 DOI: 10.1515/bmc-2013-0035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The neuropilin (Nrp) family consists of multifunctional cell surface receptors with critical roles in a number of different cell and tissue types. A core aspect of Nrp function is in ligand-dependent cellular migration, where it controls the multistep process of cellular motility through integration of ligand binding and receptor signaling. At a molecular level, the role of Nrp in migration is intimately connected to the control of adhesive interactions and cytoskeletal reorganization. Here, we review the physiological role of Nrp in cellular adhesion and motility in the cardiovascular and nervous systems. We also discuss the emerging pathological role of Nrp in tumor cell migration and metastasis, providing motivation for continued efforts toward developing Nrp inhibitors.
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38
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Heterozygous expression of the oncogenic Pik3caH1047R mutation during murine development results in fatal embryonic and extraembryonic defects. Dev Biol 2015; 404:14-26. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2015.04.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2015] [Revised: 04/25/2015] [Accepted: 04/27/2015] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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39
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Abstract
The developing central nervous system (CNS) is vascularised through the angiogenic invasion of blood vessels from a perineural vascular plexus, followed by continued sprouting and remodelling until a hierarchical vascular network is formed. Remarkably, vascularisation occurs without perturbing the intricate architecture of the neurogenic niches or the emerging neural networks. We discuss the mouse hindbrain, forebrain and retina as widely used models to study developmental angiogenesis in the mammalian CNS and provide an overview of key cellular and molecular mechanisms regulating the vascularisation of these organs. CNS vascularisation is initiated during embryonic development. CNS vascularisation is studied in the mouse forebrain, hindbrain and retina models. Neuroglial cells interact with endothelial cells to promote angiogenesis. Neuroglial cells produce growth factors and matrix cues to pattern vessels.
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40
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Abstract
Blood vessel formation during vertebrate development relies on a process called angiogenesis and is essential for organ growth and tissue viability. In addition, angiogenesis leads to pathological blood vessel growth in diseases with tissue ischaemia, such as neovascular eye disease and cancer. Neuropilin 1 (NRP1) is a transmembrane protein that serves as a receptor for the VEGF₁₆₅ isoform of the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) to enhance cell migration during angiogenesis via VEGF receptor 2 (VEGFR2), and it is also essential for VEGF-induced vascular permeability and arteriogenesis. In addition, NRP1 activation affects angiogenesis independently of VEGF signalling by activating the intracellular kinase ABL1. NRP1 also acts as a receptor for the class 3 semaphorin (SEMA3A) to regulate vessel maturation during tumour angiogenesis and vascular permeability in eye disease. In the present paper, we review current knowledge of NRP1 regulation during angiogenesis and vascular pathology.
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41
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Bondeva T, Wolf G. Role of Neuropilin-1 in Diabetic Nephropathy. J Clin Med 2015; 4:1293-311. [PMID: 26239560 PMCID: PMC4485001 DOI: 10.3390/jcm4061293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2015] [Revised: 05/28/2015] [Accepted: 06/09/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) often develops in patients suffering from type 1 or type 2 diabetes mellitus. DN is characterized by renal injury resulting in proteinuria. Neuropilin-1 (NRP-1) is a single-pass transmembrane receptor protein devoid of enzymatic activity. Its large extracellular tail is structured in several domains, thereby allowing the molecule to interact with multiple ligands linking NRP-1 to different pathways through its signaling co-receptors. NRP-1’s role in nervous system development, immunity, and more recently in cancer, has been extensively investigated. Although its relation to regulation of apoptosis and cytoskeleton organization of glomerular vascular endothelial cells was reported, its function in diabetes mellitus and the development of DN is less clear. Several lines of evidence demonstrate a reduced NRP-1 expression in glycated-BSA cultured differentiated podocytes as well as in glomeruli from db/db mice (a model of type 2 Diabetes) and in diabetic patients diagnosed with DN. In vitro studies of podocytes implicated NRP-1 in the regulation of podocytes’ adhesion to extracellular matrix proteins, cytoskeleton reorganization, and apoptosis via not completely understood mechanisms. However, the exact role of NRP-1 during the onset of DN is not yet understood. This review intends to shed more light on NRP-1 and to present a link between NRP-1 and its signaling complexes in the development of DN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tzvetanka Bondeva
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Jena, Jena, 07747, Germany.
| | - Gunter Wolf
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Jena, Jena, 07747, Germany.
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42
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Sobotič B, Vizovišek M, Vidmar R, Van Damme P, Gocheva V, Joyce JA, Gevaert K, Turk V, Turk B, Fonović M. Proteomic Identification of Cysteine Cathepsin Substrates Shed from the Surface of Cancer Cells. Mol Cell Proteomics 2015; 14:2213-28. [PMID: 26081835 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.m114.044628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular cysteine cathepsins are known to drive cancer progression, but besides degradation of extracellular matrix proteins little is known about their physiological substrates and thus the molecular mechanisms they deploy. One of the major mechanisms used by other extracellular proteases to facilitate cancer progression is proteolytic release of the extracellular domains of transmembrane proteins or ectodomain shedding. Here we show using a mass spectrometry-based approach that cathepsins L and S act as sheddases and cleave extracellular domains of CAM adhesion proteins and transmembrane receptors from the surface of cancer cells. In cathepsin S-deficient mouse pancreatic cancers, processing of these cathepsin substrates is highly reduced, pointing to an essential role of cathepsins in extracellular shedding. In addition to influencing cell migration and invasion, shedding of surface proteins by extracellular cathepsins impacts intracellular signaling as demonstrated for regulation of Ras GTPase activity, thereby providing a putative mechanistic link between extracellular cathepsin activity and cancer progression. The MS data is available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD002192.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Sobotič
- From the ‡Department of Biochemistry, Molecular and Structural Biology, Jozef Stefan Institute, Jamova cesta 39, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; §International Postgraduate School Jozef Stefan, Jamova 39, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Matej Vizovišek
- From the ‡Department of Biochemistry, Molecular and Structural Biology, Jozef Stefan Institute, Jamova cesta 39, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; §International Postgraduate School Jozef Stefan, Jamova 39, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Robert Vidmar
- From the ‡Department of Biochemistry, Molecular and Structural Biology, Jozef Stefan Institute, Jamova cesta 39, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; §International Postgraduate School Jozef Stefan, Jamova 39, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Petra Van Damme
- ¶Department of Biochemistry, Ghent University, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium; ‖Department of Medical Protein Research, VIB, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Vasilena Gocheva
- **Cancer Biology and Genetics Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10065
| | - Johanna A Joyce
- **Cancer Biology and Genetics Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10065
| | - Kris Gevaert
- ¶Department of Biochemistry, Ghent University, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium; ‖Department of Medical Protein Research, VIB, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Vito Turk
- From the ‡Department of Biochemistry, Molecular and Structural Biology, Jozef Stefan Institute, Jamova cesta 39, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; §International Postgraduate School Jozef Stefan, Jamova 39, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; ‡‡Centre of Excellence for Integrated Approaches in Chemistry and Biology of Proteins, Jamova cesta 39, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Boris Turk
- From the ‡Department of Biochemistry, Molecular and Structural Biology, Jozef Stefan Institute, Jamova cesta 39, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; ‡‡Centre of Excellence for Integrated Approaches in Chemistry and Biology of Proteins, Jamova cesta 39, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; §§Center of Excellence NIN, Ljubljana, Slovenia; ¶¶Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, University of Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Marko Fonović
- From the ‡Department of Biochemistry, Molecular and Structural Biology, Jozef Stefan Institute, Jamova cesta 39, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; ‡‡Centre of Excellence for Integrated Approaches in Chemistry and Biology of Proteins, Jamova cesta 39, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia;
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Plein A, Calmont A, Fantin A, Denti L, Anderson NA, Scambler PJ, Ruhrberg C. Neural crest-derived SEMA3C activates endothelial NRP1 for cardiac outflow tract septation. J Clin Invest 2015; 125:2661-76. [PMID: 26053665 DOI: 10.1172/jci79668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2014] [Accepted: 04/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In mammals, the outflow tract (OFT) of the developing heart septates into the base of the pulmonary artery and aorta to guide deoxygenated right ventricular blood into the lungs and oxygenated left ventricular blood into the systemic circulation. Accordingly, defective OFT septation is a life-threatening condition that can occur in both syndromic and nonsyndromic congenital heart disease. Even though studies of genetic mouse models have previously revealed a requirement for VEGF-A, the class 3 semaphorin SEMA3C, and their shared receptor neuropilin 1 (NRP1) in OFT development, the precise mechanism by which these proteins orchestrate OFT septation is not yet understood. Here, we have analyzed a complementary set of ligand-specific and tissue-specific mouse mutants to show that neural crest-derived SEMA3C activates NRP1 in the OFT endothelium. Explant assays combined with gene-expression studies and lineage tracing further demonstrated that this signaling pathway promotes an endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition that supplies cells to the endocardial cushions and repositions cardiac neural crest cells (NCCs) within the OFT, 2 processes that are essential for septal bridge formation. These findings elucidate a mechanism by which NCCs cooperate with endothelial cells in the developing OFT to enable the postnatal separation of the pulmonary and systemic circulation.
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44
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Neuropilin-1 enforces extracellular matrix signalling via ABL1 to promote angiogenesis. Biochem Soc Trans 2015; 42:1429-34. [PMID: 25233427 DOI: 10.1042/bst20140141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Neuropilin-1 (NRP1), together with neuropilin-2, belongs to the neuropilin family. Neuropilins are transmembrane proteins essential for vascular and neural development and act as co-receptors for secreted signalling molecules of the class 3 semaphorin and vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A) families. NRP1 promotes VEGF-A signal in blood vascular endothelium and semaphorin signal in lymphatic endothelium, by forming complexes with its co-receptors. Mouse mutant studies established that NRP1 expression is essential during development because mice lacking NRP1 expression die embryonically and show severe neuronal and cardiovascular defects. Even though the contribution of NRP1 to vascular development has been mainly ascribed to its function as a VEGF-A receptor, recent evidence suggests that NRP1 contributes to angiogenesis through VEGF-independent mechanisms. In the present paper, we provide an overview of NRP1 functions in the vasculature and discuss current knowledge of NRP1-dependent signalling in the endothelium.
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45
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Plein A, Fantin A, Ruhrberg C. Neuropilin regulation of angiogenesis, arteriogenesis, and vascular permeability. Microcirculation 2015; 21:315-23. [PMID: 24521511 PMCID: PMC4230468 DOI: 10.1111/micc.12124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2013] [Accepted: 02/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The formation of the cardiovasculature, consisting of both the heart and blood vessels, is a critical step in embryonic development and relies on three processes termed vasculogenesis, angiogenesis, and vascular remodeling. The transmembrane protein NRP1 is an essential modulator of embryonic angiogenesis with additional roles in vessel remodeling and arteriogenesis. NRP1 also enhances arteriogenesis in adults to alleviate pathological tissue ischemia. However, in certain circumstances, vascular NRP1 signaling can be detrimental, as it may promote cancer by enhancing tumor angiogenesis or contribute to tissue edema by increasing vascular permeability. Understanding the mechanisms of NRP1 signaling is, therefore, of profound importance for the design of therapies aiming to control vascular functions. Previous work has shown that vascular NRP1 can variably serve as a receptor for two secreted glycoproteins, the VEGF-A and SEMA3A, but it also has a poorly understood role as an adhesion receptor. Here, we review current knowledge of NRP1 function during blood vessel growth and homeostasis, with special emphasis on the vascular roles of its multiple ligands and signaling partners.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Plein
- UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London, UK
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46
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Lumb R, Wiszniak S, Kabbara S, Scherer M, Harvey N, Schwarz Q. Neuropilins define distinct populations of neural crest cells. Neural Dev 2014; 9:24. [PMID: 25363691 PMCID: PMC4233049 DOI: 10.1186/1749-8104-9-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2014] [Accepted: 10/14/2014] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Neural crest cells (NCCs) are a transient embryonic cell type that give rise to a wide spectrum of derivatives, including neurons and glia of the sensory and autonomic nervous system, melanocytes and connective tissues in the head. Lineage-tracing and functional studies have shown that trunk NCCs migrate along two distinct paths that correlate with different developmental fates. Thus, NCCs migrating ventrally through the anterior somite form sympathetic and sensory ganglia, whereas NCCs migrating dorsolaterally form melanocytes. Although the mechanisms promoting migration along the dorsolateral path are well defined, the molecules providing positional identity to sympathetic and sensory-fated NCCs that migrate along the same ventral path are ill defined. Neuropilins (Nrp1 and Nrp2) are transmembrane glycoproteins that are essential for NCC migration. Nrp1 and Nrp2 knockout mice have disparate phenotypes, suggesting that these receptors may play a role in sorting NCCs biased towards sensory and sympathetic fates to appropriate locations. Results Here we have combined in situ hybridisation, immunohistochemistry and lineage-tracing analyses to demonstrate that neuropilins are expressed in a non-overlapping pattern within NCCs. Whereas Nrp1 is expressed in NCCs emigrating from hindbrain rhombomere 4 (r4) and within trunk NCCs giving rise to sympathetic and sensory ganglia, Nrp2 is preferentially expressed in NCCs emigrating from r2 and in trunk NCCs giving rise to sensory ganglia. By generating a tamoxifen-inducible lineage-tracing system, we further demonstrate that Nrp2-expressing NCCs specifically populate sensory ganglia including the trigeminal ganglia (V) in the head and the dorsal root ganglia in the trunk. Conclusions Taken together, our results demonstrate that Nrp1 and Nrp2 are expressed in different populations of NCCs, and that Nrp2-expressing NCCs are strongly biased towards a sensory fate. In the trunk, Nrp2-expressing NCCs specifically give rise to sensory ganglia, whereas Nrp1-expressing NCCs likely give rise to both sensory and sympathetic ganglia. Our findings therefore suggest that neuropilins play an essential role in coordinating NCC migration with fate specification.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Quenten Schwarz
- Centre for Cancer Biology, University of South Australia and SA Pathology, Frome Road, Adelaide 5000, Australia.
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Casazza A, Laoui D, Wenes M, Rizzolio S, Bassani N, Mambretti M, Deschoemaeker S, Van Ginderachter JA, Tamagnone L, Mazzone M. Impeding macrophage entry into hypoxic tumor areas by Sema3A/Nrp1 signaling blockade inhibits angiogenesis and restores antitumor immunity. Cancer Cell 2013; 24:695-709. [PMID: 24332039 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2013.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 442] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2013] [Revised: 10/04/2013] [Accepted: 11/10/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Recruitment of tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) into avascular areas sustains tumor progression; however, the underlying guidance mechanisms are unknown. Here, we report that hypoxia-induced Semaphorin 3A (Sema3A) acts as an attractant for TAMs by triggering vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 1 phosphorylation through the associated holoreceptor, composed of Neuropilin-1 (Nrp1) and PlexinA1/PlexinA4. Importantly, whereas Nrp1 levels are downregulated in the hypoxic environment, Sema3A continues to regulate TAMs in an Nrp1-independent manner by eliciting PlexinA1/PlexinA4-mediated stop signals, which retain them inside the hypoxic niche. Consistently, gene deletion of Nrp1 in macrophages favors TAMs' entrapment in normoxic tumor regions, which abates their pro-angiogenic and immunosuppressive functions, hence inhibiting tumor growth and metastasis. This study shows that TAMs' heterogeneity depends on their localization, which is tightly controlled by Sema3A/Nrp1 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Casazza
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology and Angiogenesis, Vesalius Research Center, VIB, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; Laboratory of Molecular Oncology and Angiogenesis, Department of Oncology, Vesalius Research Center, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Damya Laoui
- Laboratory of Myeloid Cell Immunology, VIB, 1050 Brussels, Belgium; Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Department of Molecular and Cellular Interactions, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Mathias Wenes
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology and Angiogenesis, Vesalius Research Center, VIB, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; Laboratory of Molecular Oncology and Angiogenesis, Department of Oncology, Vesalius Research Center, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Sabrina Rizzolio
- Institute for Cancer Research at Candiolo, Department of Oncology, University of Torino, 10060 Candiolo, Torino, Italy
| | - Nicklas Bassani
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology and Angiogenesis, Vesalius Research Center, VIB, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; Laboratory of Molecular Oncology and Angiogenesis, Department of Oncology, Vesalius Research Center, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Marco Mambretti
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology and Angiogenesis, Vesalius Research Center, VIB, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; Laboratory of Molecular Oncology and Angiogenesis, Department of Oncology, Vesalius Research Center, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Sofie Deschoemaeker
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology and Angiogenesis, Vesalius Research Center, VIB, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; Laboratory of Molecular Oncology and Angiogenesis, Department of Oncology, Vesalius Research Center, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jo A Van Ginderachter
- Laboratory of Myeloid Cell Immunology, VIB, 1050 Brussels, Belgium; Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Department of Molecular and Cellular Interactions, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Luca Tamagnone
- Institute for Cancer Research at Candiolo, Department of Oncology, University of Torino, 10060 Candiolo, Torino, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Mazzone
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology and Angiogenesis, Vesalius Research Center, VIB, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; Laboratory of Molecular Oncology and Angiogenesis, Department of Oncology, Vesalius Research Center, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.
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Seerapu HR, Borthakur S, Kong N, Agrawal S, Drazba J, Vasanji A, Fantin A, Ruhrberg C, Buck M, Horowitz A. The cytoplasmic domain of neuropilin-1 regulates focal adhesion turnover. FEBS Lett 2013; 587:3392-9. [PMID: 24021649 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2013.08.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2013] [Accepted: 08/26/2013] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Though the vascular endothelial growth factor coreceptor neuropilin-1 (Nrp1) plays a critical role in vascular development, its precise function is not fully understood. We identified a group of novel binding partners of the cytoplasmic domain of Nrp1 that includes the focal adhesion regulator, Filamin A (FlnA). Endothelial cells (ECs) expressing a Nrp1 mutant devoid of the cytoplasmic domain (nrp1(cyto)(Δ/Δ)) migrated significantly slower in response to VEGF relative to the cells expressing wild-type Nrp1 (nrp1(+/+) cells). The rate of FA turnover in VEGF-treated nrp1(cyto)(Δ/Δ) ECs was an order of magnitude lower in comparison to nrp1(+/+) ECs, thus accounting for the slower migration rate of the nrp1(cyto)(Δ/Δ) ECs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Himabindu Reddy Seerapu
- Department of Molecular Cardiology, Lerner Research Institute, the Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, United States
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Corson SL, Kim M, Mistretta CM, Bradley RM. Gustatory solitary tract development: a role for neuropilins. Neuroscience 2013; 252:35-44. [PMID: 23933306 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2013.07.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2013] [Revised: 07/27/2013] [Accepted: 07/29/2013] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The rostral nucleus of the solitary tract (rNST) receives orosensory information from taste bud cells in the tongue and palate via cranial nerves VII and IX. These nerves enter the brainstem, form the solitary tract (ST) and synapse with neurons in the rNST, which then relay incoming sensory information to other brain areas to process external gustatory stimuli. Factors that direct or regulate the trajectory of the developing ST are largely unknown. We used 1,1'-dioctadecyl-3,3,3',3'-tetramethylindocarbocyanine perchlorate (DiI) to identify ST projections originating from cells in the geniculate ganglia of embryonic rats from embryonic day 14 through 18 (E14-E18). After identifying the ST fibers, immunolabeling for and protein expression analysis of the axon guidance molecules neuropilin-1 (Npn-1) and neuropilin-2 (Npn-2) and their binding partners, semaphorin-3A (Sema-3A) and semaphorin-3F (Sema-3F) were performed. The results detail the formation of ST projections into the gustatory brainstem and their relationship to developing rNST neurons. DiI-labeled ST fibers were present in the brainstem as early as E14. Npn-1 was expressed in the ST and in the trigeminal tract at E14, but levels of the protein declined through E18. The expression levels of the binding partner of Npn-1, Sema-3A, increased from E14 to E18. Npn-2 was expressed in the ST and, additionally, in radially oriented, tuft-like structures within the brainstem at E14. Expression levels of Npn-2 also declined through E18, in contrast to the expression levels of its binding partner, Sema-3F, which increased during this time period. For the first time, the time course and particular molecular components involved in development of the ST have been identified. These results indicate that the neuropilin and semaphorin families of axon guidance molecules are potential molecular participants in ST formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara L Corson
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, 1011 N. University Avenue, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
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The role of immune semaphorins in cancer progression. Exp Cell Res 2013; 319:1635-43. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2013.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2013] [Revised: 04/24/2013] [Accepted: 04/25/2013] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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