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Zhu N, Ding Y, Mi M, Yang J, Yang M, Li D, Zhang Y, Fang X, Weng S, Yuan Y. Loss-of-function mutation of REV1 (p.R704Q) mediates cetuximab primary resistance by activating autophagy in RAS-wild type metastatic colorectal cancer. Cancer Lett 2024; 598:217103. [PMID: 38969162 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2024.217103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Revised: 06/26/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/07/2024]
Abstract
Cetuximab in combination with FOLFIRI/FOLFOX is the standard first-line treatment for patients with RAS wild-type metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC). However, some patients experience rapid tumor progression after treatment with cetuximab (primary resistance). Our previous research identified a gene mutation, REV1 p.R704Q, which may be a key biomarker for primary cetuximab resistance. This study aimed to study the mechanism of cetuximab resistance caused by REV1 p.R704Q mutation and reveal a novel mechanism to induce cetuximab resistance. Sanger sequencing and multivariate clinical prognostic analysis of 208 patients with mCRC showed that REV1 p.R704Q mutation is an independent risk factor for tumor progression after treatment with cetuximab in patients with RAS wild-type mCRC (Hazard ratio = 2.481, 95 % Confidence interval: 1.389-4.431, P = 0.002). The sensitivity of REV1 p.R704Q mutant cell lines to cetuximab decreased in vitro Cell Counting Kit-8 assay and in vivo subcutaneous tumor model. In vitro, we observed that decreased stability and accelerated degradation of REV1 mutant protein results in REV1 dysfunction, which activated autophagy and mediated cetuximab resistance. These findings suggested that REV1 p.R704Q mutation could predict cetuximab primary resistance in mCRC. REV1 p.R704Q mutation caused decreased stability and degradation of REV1 protein, as well as dysfunction of p.R704Q protein. REV1 p.R704Q mutation activates autophagy and mediates cetuximab resistance; further, inhibition of autophagy could reverse cetuximab resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Zhu
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China; Cancer Institute, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, Ministry of Education, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yuwei Ding
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China; Cancer Institute, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, Ministry of Education, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Mi Mi
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China; Cancer Institute, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, Ministry of Education, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiawen Yang
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Mengyuan Yang
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Dan Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xuefeng Fang
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Shanshan Weng
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Ying Yuan
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China; Cancer Institute, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, Ministry of Education, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China; Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for CANCER, Hangzhou, China; Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
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Chen Y, Feng X, Wu Z, Yang Y, Rao X, Meng R, Zhang S, Dong X, Xu S, Wu G, Jie X. USP9X-mediated REV1 deubiquitination promotes lung cancer radioresistance via the action of REV1 as a Rad18 molecular scaffold for cystathionine γ-lyase. J Biomed Sci 2024; 31:55. [PMID: 38802791 PMCID: PMC11131313 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-024-01044-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Radioresistance is a key clinical constraint on the efficacy of radiotherapy in lung cancer patients. REV1 DNA directed polymerase (REV1) plays an important role in repairing DNA damage and maintaining genomic stability. However, its role in the resistance to radiotherapy in lung cancer is not clear. This study aims to clarify the role of REV1 in lung cancer radioresistance, identify the intrinsic mechanisms involved, and provide a theoretical basis for the clinical translation of this new target for lung cancer treatment. METHODS The effect of targeting REV1 on the radiosensitivity was verified by in vivo and in vitro experiments. RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) combined with nontargeted metabolomics analysis was used to explore the downstream targets of REV1. Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) was used to quantify the content of specific amino acids. The coimmunoprecipitation (co-IP) and GST pull-down assays were used to validate the interaction between proteins. A ubiquitination library screening system was constructed to investigate the regulatory proteins upstream of REV1. RESULTS Targeting REV1 could enhance the radiosensitivity in vivo, while this effect was not obvious in vitro. RNA sequencing combined with nontargeted metabolomics revealed that the difference result was related to metabolism, and that the expression of glycine, serine, and threonine (Gly/Ser/Thr) metabolism signaling pathways was downregulated following REV1 knockdown. LC-MS/MS demonstrated that REV1 knockdown results in reduced levels of these three amino acids and that cystathionine γ-lyase (CTH) was the key to its function. REV1 enhances the interaction of CTH with the E3 ubiquitin ligase Rad18 and promotes ubiquitination degradation of CTH by Rad18. Screening of the ubiquitination compound library revealed that the ubiquitin-specific peptidase 9 X-linked (USP9X) is the upstream regulatory protein of REV1 by the ubiquitin-proteasome system, which remodels the intracellular Gly/Ser/Thr metabolism. CONCLUSION USP9X mediates the deubiquitination of REV1, and aberrantly expressed REV1 acts as a scaffolding protein to assist Rad18 in interacting with CTH, promoting the ubiquitination and degradation of CTH and inducing remodeling of the Gly/Ser/Thr metabolism, which leads to radioresistance. A novel inhibitor of REV1, JH-RE-06, was shown to enhance lung cancer cell radiosensitivity, with good prospects for clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunshang Chen
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
- Institute of Radiation Oncology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Precision Radiation Oncology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Xue Feng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Zilong Wu
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
- Institute of Radiation Oncology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Precision Radiation Oncology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Yongqiang Yang
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
- Institute of Radiation Oncology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Precision Radiation Oncology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Xinrui Rao
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
- Institute of Radiation Oncology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Precision Radiation Oncology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Rui Meng
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
- Institute of Radiation Oncology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Precision Radiation Oncology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Sheng Zhang
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
- Institute of Radiation Oncology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Precision Radiation Oncology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Xiaorong Dong
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
- Institute of Radiation Oncology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Precision Radiation Oncology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Shuangbing Xu
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
- Institute of Radiation Oncology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Precision Radiation Oncology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Gang Wu
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China.
- Institute of Radiation Oncology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China.
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Precision Radiation Oncology, Wuhan, 430022, China.
| | - Xiaohua Jie
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China.
- Institute of Radiation Oncology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China.
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Precision Radiation Oncology, Wuhan, 430022, China.
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Kim JH, Patel R. Mad2B forms a complex with Cdc20, Cdc27, Rev3 and Rev1 in response to cisplatin-induced DNA damage. THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY & PHARMACOLOGY : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSIOLOGICAL SOCIETY AND THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF PHARMACOLOGY 2023; 27:427-436. [PMID: 37641805 PMCID: PMC10466067 DOI: 10.4196/kjpp.2023.27.5.427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Mitotic arrest deficient 2 like 2 (Mad2L2, also known as Mad2B), the human homologue of the yeast Rev7 protein, is a regulatory subunit of DNA polymerase ζ that shares high sequence homology with Mad2, the mitotic checkpoint protein. Previously, we demonstrated the involvement of Mad2B in the cisplatin-induced DNA damage response. In this study, we extend our findings to show that Mad2B is recruited to sites of DNA damage in human cancer cells in response to cisplatin treatment. We found that in undamaged cells, Mad2B exists in a complex with Polζ-Rev1 and the APC/C subunit Cdc27. Following cisplatin-induced DNA damage, we observed an increase in the recruitment of Mad2B and Cdc20 (the activators of the APC/C), to the complex. The involvement of Mad2B-Cdc20-APC/C during DNA damage has not been reported before and suggests that the APC/C is activated following cisplatin-induced DNA damage. Using an in vitro ubiquitination assay, our data confirmed Mad2B-dependent activation of APC/C in cisplatin-treated cells. Mad2B may act as an accelerator for APC/C activation during DNA damage response. Our data strongly suggest a role for Mad2B-APC/C-Cdc20 in the ubiquitination of proteins involved in the DNA damage response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ju Hwan Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Korea
| | - Rajnikant Patel
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK
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Alebady ZAH, Azizyan M, Nakjang S, Lishman-Walker E, Al-Kharaif D, Walker S, Choo HX, Garnham R, Scott E, Johnson KL, Robson CN, Coffey K. CDC20 Is Regulated by the Histone Methyltransferase, KMT5A, in Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:3597. [PMID: 37509260 PMCID: PMC10377584 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15143597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The methyltransferase KMT5A has been proposed as an oncogene in prostate cancer and therefore represents a putative therapeutic target. To confirm this hypothesis, we have performed a microarray study on a prostate cancer cell line model of androgen independence following KMT5A knockdown in the presence of the transcriptionally active androgen receptor (AR) to understand which genes and cellular processes are regulated by KMT5A in the presence of an active AR. We observed that 301 genes were down-regulated whilst 408 were up-regulated when KMT5A expression was reduced. KEGG pathway and gene ontology analysis revealed that apoptosis and DNA damage signalling were up-regulated in response to KMT5A knockdown whilst protein folding and RNA splicing were down-regulated. Under these conditions, the top non-AR regulated gene was found to be CDC20, a key regulator of the spindle assembly checkpoint with an oncogenic role in several cancer types. Further investigation revealed that KMT5A regulates CDC20 in a methyltransferase-dependent manner to modulate histone H4K20 methylation within its promoter region and indirectly via the p53 signalling pathway. A positive correlation between KMT5A and CDC20 expression was also observed in clinical prostate cancer samples, further supporting this association. Therefore, we conclude that KMT5A is a valid therapeutic target for the treatment of prostate cancer and CDC20 could potentially be utilised as a biomarker for effective therapeutic targeting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zainab A H Alebady
- Biosciences Institute, Newcastle Cancer Centre, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK
- Department of Laboratory and Clinical Science, College of Pharmacy, University of AL-Qadisiyah, Al-Diwaniya 58002, Iraq
| | - Mahsa Azizyan
- Biosciences Institute, Newcastle Cancer Centre, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Sirintra Nakjang
- Bioinformatics Support Unit, Newcastle University, Newcastle NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Emma Lishman-Walker
- Biosciences Institute, Newcastle Cancer Centre, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Dhuha Al-Kharaif
- Medical Laboratory Technology Department, College of Health Sciences, Public Authority of Applied Education and Training, Safat 13092, Kuwait
| | - Scott Walker
- School of Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Hui Xian Choo
- Biosciences Institute, Newcastle Cancer Centre, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Rebecca Garnham
- Biosciences Institute, Newcastle Cancer Centre, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Emma Scott
- Biosciences Institute, Newcastle Cancer Centre, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Katya L Johnson
- Biosciences Institute, Newcastle Cancer Centre, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Craig N Robson
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle Cancer Centre, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Kelly Coffey
- Biosciences Institute, Newcastle Cancer Centre, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK
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5
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Wang X, Li F, Zhu J, Feng D, Shi Y, Qu L, Li Y, Guo K, Zhang Y, Wang Q, Wang N, Wang X, Ge S. Upregulation of Cell Division Cycle 20 Expression Alters the Morphology of Neuronal Dendritic Spines in the Nucleus Accumbens by Promoting FMRP Ubiquitination. J Neurochem 2022; 162:166-189. [PMID: 35621027 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.15649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The nucleus accumbens (NAc) is the key area of the reward circuit, but its heterogeneity has been poorly studied. Using single-cell RNA sequencing, we revealed a subcluster of GABAergic neurons characterized by cell division cycle 20 (Cdc20) mRNA expression in the NAc of adult rats. We studied the coexpression of Cdc20 and Gad1 mRNA in the NAc neurons of adult rats and assessed Cdc20 protein expression in the NAc during rat development. Moreover, we microinjected AAV2/9-hSyn-Cdc20 with or without the dual-AAV system into the bilateral NAc for sparse labelling to observe changes in the synaptic morphology of mature neurons and assessed rat behaviours in open field and elevated plus maze tests. Furthermore, we performed the experiments with a Cdc20 inhibitor, Cdc20 overexpression AAV vector, and Cdc20 conditional knockout primary striatal neurons to understand the ubiquitination-dependent degradation of fragile X mental retardation protein (FMRP) in vitro and in vivo. We confirmed the mRNA expression of Cdc20 in the NAc GABAergic neurons of adult rats, and its protein level was decreased significantly 3 weeks post-birth. Upregulated Cdc20 expression in the bilateral NAc decreased the dendritic spine density in mature neurons and induced anxiety-like behaviour in rats. Cdc20-APC triggered FMRP degradation through K48-linked polyubiquitination in Neuro-2a cells and primary striatal neurons and downregulated FMRP expression in the NAc of adult rats. These data revealed that upregulation of Cdc20 in the bilateral NAc reduced dendritic spine density and led to anxiety-like behaviours, possibly by enhancing FMRP degradation via K48-linked polyubiquitination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Fei Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jun Zhu
- College of Acupuncture and Massage, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, Shaanxi, China
| | - Dayun Feng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yingwu Shi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Liang Qu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yang Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Kang Guo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Qiang Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Naigeng Wang
- Second Clinical Medical College, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xuelian Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Shunnan Ge
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
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Bruno S, Ghelli Luserna di Rorà A, Napolitano R, Soverini S, Martinelli G, Simonetti G. CDC20 in and out of mitosis: a prognostic factor and therapeutic target in hematological malignancies. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2022; 41:159. [PMID: 35490245 PMCID: PMC9055704 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-022-02363-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell division cycle 20 homologue (CDC20) is a well-known regulator of cell cycle, as it controls the correct segregation of chromosomes during mitosis. Many studies have focused on the biological role of CDC20 in cancer development, as alterations of its functionality have been linked to genomic instability and evidence demonstrated that high CDC20 expression levels are associated with poor overall survival in solid cancers. More recently, novel CDC20 functions have been demonstrated or suggested, including the regulation of apoptosis and stemness properties and a correlation with immune cell infiltration. Here, we here summarize and discuss the role of CDC20 inside and outside mitosis, starting from its network of interacting proteins. In the last years, CDC20 has also attracted more interest in the blood cancer field, being overexpressed and showing an association with prognosis both in myeloid and lymphoid malignancies. Preclinical findings showed that selective CDC20 and APC/CCDC20/APC/CCDH1 inhibitors, namely Apcin and proTAME, are effective against lymphoma and multiple myeloma cells, resulting in mitotic arrest and apoptosis and synergizing with clinically-relevant drugs. The evidence and hypothesis presented in this review provide the input for further biological and chemical studies aiming to dissect novel potential CDC20 roles and targeting strategies in hematological malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha Bruno
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna and Institute of Hematology "L. e A. Seràgnoli", Bologna, Italy
| | - Andrea Ghelli Luserna di Rorà
- Biosciences Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) "Dino Amadori", via Piero Maroncelli 40, 47014, Meldola, FC, Italy.
| | - Roberta Napolitano
- Biosciences Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) "Dino Amadori", via Piero Maroncelli 40, 47014, Meldola, FC, Italy
| | - Simona Soverini
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna and Institute of Hematology "L. e A. Seràgnoli", Bologna, Italy
| | - Giovanni Martinelli
- Scientific Directorate, IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) "Dino Amadori", via Piero Maroncelli 40, 47014, Meldola, FC, Italy
| | - Giorgia Simonetti
- Biosciences Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) "Dino Amadori", via Piero Maroncelli 40, 47014, Meldola, FC, Italy
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7
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Arbel M, Liefshitz B, Kupiec M. DNA damage bypass pathways and their effect on mutagenesis in yeast. FEMS Microbiol Rev 2021; 45:5896953. [PMID: 32840566 DOI: 10.1093/femsre/fuaa038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 08/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
What is the origin of mutations? In contrast to the naïve notion that mutations are unfortunate accidents, genetic research in microorganisms has demonstrated that most mutations are created by genetically encoded error-prone repair mechanisms. However, error-free repair pathways also exist, and it is still unclear how cells decide when to use one repair method or the other. Here, we summarize what is known about the DNA damage tolerance mechanisms (also known as post-replication repair) for perhaps the best-studied organism, the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. We describe the latest research, which has established the existence of at least two error-free and two error-prone inter-related mechanisms of damage tolerance that compete for the handling of spontaneous DNA damage. We explore what is known about the induction of mutations by DNA damage. We point to potential paradoxes and to open questions that still remain unanswered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matan Arbel
- The Shmunis School of Biomedicine and Cancer Research, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Batia Liefshitz
- The Shmunis School of Biomedicine and Cancer Research, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Martin Kupiec
- The Shmunis School of Biomedicine and Cancer Research, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv 69978, Israel
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8
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de Krijger I, Boersma V, Jacobs JJL. REV7: Jack of many trades. Trends Cell Biol 2021; 31:686-701. [PMID: 33962851 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2021.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Revised: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The HORMA domain protein REV7, also known as MAD2L2, interacts with a variety of proteins and thereby contributes to the establishment of different complexes. With doing so, REV7 impacts a diverse range of cellular processes and gained increasing interest as more of its activities became uncovered. REV7 has important roles in translesion synthesis and mitotic progression, and acts as a central component in the recently discovered shieldin complex that operates in DNA double-strand break repair. Here we discuss the roles of REV7 in its various complexes, focusing on its activity in genome integrity maintenance. Moreover, we will describe current insights on REV7 structural features that allow it to be such a versatile protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inge de Krijger
- Division of Oncogenomics, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Vera Boersma
- Division of Oncogenomics, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jacqueline J L Jacobs
- Division of Oncogenomics, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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9
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Wang L, Yang C, Chu M, Wang ZW, Xue B. Cdc20 induces the radioresistance of bladder cancer cells by targeting FoxO1 degradation. Cancer Lett 2020; 500:172-181. [PMID: 33290869 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2020.11.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Revised: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Ionizing radiation is a conventional therapy for cancer patients, but patients often experience distant metastasis and recurrence, which lead to a poor prognosis after the implementation of this treatment. Moreover, the underlying mechanisms by which radioresistance contributes to metastatic potential is still elusive. Here, we explored the molecular mechanisms that contribute to radioresistance in bladder cancer. To achieve this, we established two irradiation-resistant (IR) cell lines, T24R and 5637R, which were derived from parental bladder cancer cell lines. Cell viability was detected by CCK-8 assay, while migration and invasion abilities were examined by wound healing and Transwell chamber assays, respectively. Furthermore, the role of Cdc20 in the regulation of epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) in IR cells was explored by Western blotting, immunoprecipitation and immunofluorescence staining. The IR cells exhibited EMT properties, and our data showed that Cdc20 expression was significantly elevated in IR cells. Remarkably, Cdc20 silencing reversed the EMT phenotype in IR cells. Mechanistically, Cdc20 governed IR-mediated EMT in part by governing forkhead box O1 (FoxO1) degradation. Taken together, our findings showed that the inactivation of Cdc20 or the activation of FoxO1 might be a potential strategy to overcome radioresistance in bladder cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lixia Wang
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215006, China
| | - Chuanlai Yang
- Scientific Research Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, China
| | - Man Chu
- Center of Scientific Research, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, Zhejiang, China; Department of Obstetrics and gynecology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Zhi-Wei Wang
- Center of Scientific Research, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, Zhejiang, China; Bengbu Medical College Key Laboratory of Cancer Research and Clinical Laboratory Diagnosis, School of Laboratory Medicine, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui, 233030, China.
| | - Boxin Xue
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215006, China.
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Ye C, Xiong W, Lei CT, Tang H, Su H, Yi F, Zhang C. MAD2B contributes to parietal epithelial cell activation and crescentic glomerulonephritis via Skp2. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2020; 319:F636-F646. [PMID: 32830536 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00216.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitotic spindle assembly checkpoint protein 2 (MAD2B), a well-known anaphase-promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C) inhibitor and a small subunit of DNA polymerase-ζ, is critical for mitotic control and DNA repair. Previously, we detected a strong increase of MAD2B in the glomeruli from patients with crescentic glomerulonephritis and anti-glomerular basement membrane (anti-GBM) rats, which predominantly originated from activated parietal epithelial cells (PECs). Consistently, in vitro MAD2B was increased in TNF-α-treated PECs, along with cell activation and proliferation, as well as extracellular matrix accumulation, which could be reversed by MAD2B genetic depletion. Furthermore, we found that expression of S phase kinase-associated protein 2 (Skp2), an APC/CCDH1 substrate, was increased in the glomeruli of anti-GBM rats, and TNF-α-stimulated PECs and could be suppressed by MAD2B depletion. Additionally, genetic deletion of Skp2 inhibited TNF-α-induced PEC activation and dysfunction. Finally, TNF-α blockade or glucocorticoid therapy administered to anti-GBM rats could ameliorate MAD2B and Skp2 accumulation as well as weaken PEC activation. Collectively, our data suggest that MAD2B has a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of glomerular PEC activation and crescent formation through induction of Skp2 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Ye
- Department of Nephrology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Wei Xiong
- Department of Nephrology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Chun-Tao Lei
- Department of Nephrology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Hui Tang
- Department of Nephrology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Hua Su
- Department of Nephrology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Fan Yi
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Science, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Chun Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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11
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Yeap LS, Meng FL. Cis- and trans-factors affecting AID targeting and mutagenic outcomes in antibody diversification. Adv Immunol 2019; 141:51-103. [PMID: 30904133 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ai.2019.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Antigen receptor diversification is a hallmark of adaptive immunity which allows specificity of the receptor to particular antigen. B cell receptor (BCR) or its secreted form, antibody, is diversified through antigen-independent and antigen-dependent mechanisms. During B cell development in bone marrow, BCR is diversified via V(D)J recombination mediated by RAG endonuclease. Upon stimulation by antigen, B cell undergo somatic hypermutation (SHM) to allow affinity maturation and class switch recombination (CSR) to change the effector function of the antibody. Both SHM and CSR are initiated by activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID). Repair of AID-initiated lesions through different DNA repair pathways results in diverse mutagenic outcomes. Here, we focus on discussing cis- and trans-factors that target AID to its substrates and factors that affect different outcomes of AID-initiated lesions. The knowledge of mechanisms that govern AID targeting and outcomes could be harnessed to elicit rare functional antibodies and develop ex vivo antibody diversification approaches with diversifying base editors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leng-Siew Yeap
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Fei-Long Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.
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12
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Curtis NL, Bolanos-Garcia VM. The Anaphase Promoting Complex/Cyclosome (APC/C): A Versatile E3 Ubiquitin Ligase. Subcell Biochem 2019; 93:539-623. [PMID: 31939164 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-28151-9_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/25/2023]
Abstract
In the present chapter we discuss the essential roles of the human E3 ubiquitin ligase Anaphase Promoting Complex/Cyclosome (APC/C) in mitosis as well as the emerging evidence of important APC/C roles in cellular processes beyond cell division control such as regulation of genomic integrity and cell differentiation of the nervous system. We consider the potential incipient role of APC/C dysregulation in the pathophysiology of the neurological disorder Alzheimer's disease (AD). We also discuss how certain Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA) and Ribonucleic Acid (RNA) viruses take control of the host's cell division regulatory system through harnessing APC/C ubiquitin ligase activity and hypothesise the plausible molecular mechanisms underpinning virus manipulation of the APC/C. We also examine how defects in the function of this multisubunit protein assembly drive abnormal cell proliferation and lastly argue the potential of APC/C as a promising therapeutic target for the development of innovative therapies for the treatment of chronic malignancies such as cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie L Curtis
- Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, OX3 0BP, England, UK
| | - Victor M Bolanos-Garcia
- Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, OX3 0BP, England, UK.
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13
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Zhang H, He X, Yu W, Yue B, Yu Z, Qin Y. Mitotic Arrest-Deficient Protein 2B Overexpressed in Lung Cancer Promotes Proliferation, EMT, and Metastasis. Oncol Res 2017; 27:859-869. [PMID: 28899455 PMCID: PMC7848425 DOI: 10.3727/096504017x15049209129277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
As the noncatalytic subunit of mammalian DNA polymerase, mitotic arrest-deficient protein 2B (MAD2B) has been reported to play a role in cell cycle regulation, DNA damage tolerance, gene expression, and carcinogenesis. Although its expression is known to be associated with poor prognosis in several types of human cancers, the significance of MAD2B expression in lung malignancies is still unclear. Our study showed that MAD2B expression significantly increased in lung cancer, especially in the metastatic tissues. We also found that knockdown of MAD2B inhibited the migration, invasion, and epithelial–mesenchymal transition of lung cancer cells in vitro and the metastasis in vivo, while overexpression of MAD2B had the opposite effect. Microarray and Western blotting data indicated that slug might be its downstream target since knockdown of MAD2B inhibited, while overexpression increased, the expression of slug. Moreover, the expression of MAD2B was found to be positively correlated with slug in lung cancer tissues as well. Collectively, these findings indicate an oncogenic role of MAD2B in lung cancer, and slug might be involved in the process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Zhang
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, Shandong Medical College, Jinan, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - Xiuquan He
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - Wenfei Yu
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - Bingqing Yue
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - Ziting Yu
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - Ying Qin
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, Shandong Medical College, Jinan, Shandong, P.R. China
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15
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Abstract
Life as we know it, simply would not exist without DNA replication. All living organisms utilize a complex machinery to duplicate their genomes and the central role in this machinery belongs to replicative DNA polymerases, enzymes that are specifically designed to copy DNA. "Hassle-free" DNA duplication exists only in an ideal world, while in real life, it is constantly threatened by a myriad of diverse challenges. Among the most pressing obstacles that replicative polymerases often cannot overcome by themselves are lesions that distort the structure of DNA. Despite elaborate systems that cells utilize to cleanse their genomes of damaged DNA, repair is often incomplete. The persistence of DNA lesions obstructing the cellular replicases can have deleterious consequences. One of the mechanisms allowing cells to complete replication is "Translesion DNA Synthesis (TLS)". TLS is intrinsically error-prone, but apparently, the potential downside of increased mutagenesis is a healthier outcome for the cell than incomplete replication. Although most of the currently identified eukaryotic DNA polymerases have been implicated in TLS, the best characterized are those belonging to the "Y-family" of DNA polymerases (pols η, ι, κ and Rev1), which are thought to play major roles in the TLS of persisting DNA lesions in coordination with the B-family polymerase, pol ζ. In this review, we summarize the unique features of these DNA polymerases by mainly focusing on their biochemical and structural characteristics, as well as potential protein-protein interactions with other critical factors affecting TLS regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Vaisman
- a Laboratory of Genomic Integrity , National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda , MD , USA
| | - Roger Woodgate
- a Laboratory of Genomic Integrity , National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda , MD , USA
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16
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Feng L, Wei W, Heng Z, Yantao H, Chunbo W. Knockdown of REV7 Inhibits Breast Cancer Cell Migration and Invasion. Oncol Res 2017; 24:315-325. [PMID: 27712588 PMCID: PMC7838619 DOI: 10.3727/096504016x14666990347590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
REV7 (also known as MAD2L2) is a multifunctional protein involved in DNA damage tolerance, cell cycle regulation, gene expression, and carcinogenesis. Although its expression is reportedly associated with poor prognosis in several kinds of human cancers, the significance of REV7 expression in breast malignancies is unclear. In this study, REV7 was found to be increased in breast cancer. We found that knockdown of REV7 inhibited the migration, invasion, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of breast cancer cells. Meanwhile, overexpression of REV7 promoted the migration, invasion, and EMT of breast cancer cells. As shown by Western blot, knockdown of REV7 can promote TGF-β1 expression. Western blot analysis indicated that TGF-β1 may play a role as a downstream factor of REV7. Moreover, interference of TGF-β1 can also inhibit the cell's ability for migration, invasion, and EMT, as well as in a cell line whose REV7 is overexpressed. Taken together, these results contributed to a recognition of the oncogene functions of REV7 in breast cancer cells and provided a novel direction to treat breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liu Feng
- Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
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17
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Tang H, Su H, Fan D, Ye C, Lei CT, Jiang HJ, Gao P, He FF, Zhang C. MAD2B-mediated SnoN downregulation is implicated in fibroblast activation and tubulointerstitial fibrosis. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2016; 311:F207-16. [PMID: 27122545 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00600.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2015] [Accepted: 04/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
MAD2B, an anaphase-promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C) inhibitor and a small subunit of DNA polymerase ζ, is indispensible for mitotic checkpoint control and DNA repair. Previously, we established that MAD2B is expressed in glomerular and tubulointerstitial compartments and participates in high glucose-induced podocyte injury. However, its role in other renal diseases remains elusive. In the present study, we aim to illustrate the potential role of MAD2B in the pathogenesis of renal fibrosis. By immunofluorescence and Western blotting, we found MAD2B expression is obviously increased in tubulointerstitial fibrosis (TIF) patients and unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) mice. It is widely accepted that resident fibroblasts are the major source of collagen-producing myofibroblasts during TIF. Therefore, we evaluated the level of MAD2B in fibroblasts (NRK-49F) exposed to transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 by immunoblotting and revealed that MAD2B is upregulated in a time-dependent manner. Intriguingly, SnoN, a transcriptional repressor of the TGF-β1/Smad signaling pathway, is decreased in TGF-β1-treated fibroblasts as well as the kidney cortex from TIF patients and UUO mice. Either in vitro or in vivo, local genetic depletion of MAD2B by lentiviral transfection could preserve SnoN abundance and suppress Smad3 phosphorylation, which finally dampens fibroblast activation, ECM accumulation, and alleviates the severity of TIF. However, the ubiquitin ligase APC/C is not involved in the MAD2B-mediated SnoN decline, although this process is ubiquitination dependent. In conclusion, our observation proposes that besides cell cycle management, MAD2B has a profibrotic role during fibroblast activation and TIF by suppressing SnoN expression. Targeting the MAD2B-SnoN pathway is a promising intervention for TIF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Tang
- Department of Nephrology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Hua Su
- Department of Nephrology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Di Fan
- Department of Nephrology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Chen Ye
- Department of Nephrology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Chun-Tao Lei
- Department of Nephrology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Hua-Jun Jiang
- Department of Nephrology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Pan Gao
- Department of Nephrology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Fang-Fang He
- Department of Nephrology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Chun Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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18
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Abstract
The HORMA domain is a multifunctional protein–protein interaction module found in diverse eukaryotic signaling pathways including the spindle assembly checkpoint, numerous DNA recombination/repair pathways, and the initiation of autophagy. In all of these pathways, HORMA domain proteins occupy key signaling junctures and function through the controlled assembly and disassembly of signaling complexes using a stereotypical “safety belt” peptide interaction mechanism. A recent explosion of structural and functional work has shed new light on these proteins, illustrating how strikingly similar structural mechanisms give rise to radically different functional outcomes in each family of HORMA domain proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott C Rosenberg
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, San Diego Branch, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | - Kevin D Corbett
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, San Diego Branch, La Jolla, CA 92093 Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
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19
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Chaudhary V, Zhang S, Yuen KS, Li C, Lui PY, Fung SY, Wang PH, Chan CP, Li D, Kok KH, Liang M, Jin DY. Suppression of type I and type III IFN signalling by NSs protein of severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus through inhibition of STAT1 phosphorylation and activation. J Gen Virol 2015; 96:3204-3211. [PMID: 26353965 DOI: 10.1099/jgv.0.000280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus (SFTSV) is an emerging tick-borne pathogen causing significant morbidity and mortality in Asia. NSs protein of SFTSV is known to perturb type I IFN induction and signalling, but the mechanism remains to be fully understood. Here, we showed the suppression of both type I and type III IFN signalling by SFTSV NSs protein is mediated through inhibition of STAT1 phosphorylation and activation. Infection with live SFTSV or expression of NSs potently suppressed IFN-stimulated genes but not NFkB activation. NSs was capable of counteracting the activity of IFN-α1, IFN-β, IFN-λ1 and IFN-λ2. Mechanistically, NSs associated with STAT1 and STAT2, mitigated IFN-β-induced phosphorylation of STAT1 at S727, and reduced the expression and activity of STAT1 protein in IFN-β-treated cells, resulting in the inhibition of STAT1 and STAT2 recruitment to IFNstimulated promoters. Taken together, SFTSV NSs protein is an IFN antagonist that suppresses phosphorylation and activation of STAT1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vidyanath Chaudhary
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Shuo Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Medical Virology and National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, PR China
| | - Kit-San Yuen
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Chuan Li
- Key Laboratory for Medical Virology and National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, PR China
| | - Pak-Yin Lui
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Sin-Yee Fung
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Pei-Hui Wang
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Chi-Ping Chan
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Dexin Li
- Key Laboratory for Medical Virology and National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, PR China
| | - Kin-Hang Kok
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Mifang Liang
- Key Laboratory for Medical Virology and National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, PR China
| | - Dong-Yan Jin
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
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20
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Xu G, Chapman JR, Brandsma I, Yuan J, Mistrik M, Bouwman P, Bartkova J, Gogola E, Warmerdam D, Barazas M, Jaspers JE, Watanabe K, Pieterse M, Kersbergen A, Sol W, Celie PHN, Schouten PC, van den Broek B, Salman A, Nieuwland M, de Rink I, de Ronde J, Jalink K, Boulton SJ, Chen J, van Gent DC, Bartek J, Jonkers J, Borst P, Rottenberg S. REV7 counteracts DNA double-strand break resection and affects PARP inhibition. Nature 2015; 521:541-544. [PMID: 25799992 PMCID: PMC4671316 DOI: 10.1038/nature14328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 435] [Impact Index Per Article: 48.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2014] [Accepted: 02/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Error-free repair of DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) is achieved by homologous recombination (HR), and BRCA1 is an important factor for this repair pathway. In the absence of BRCA1-mediated HR, the administration of PARP inhibitors induces synthetic lethality of tumour cells of patients with breast or ovarian cancers. Despite the benefit of this tailored therapy, drug resistance can occur by HR restoration. Genetic reversion of BRCA1-inactivating mutations can be the underlying mechanism of drug resistance, but this does not explain resistance in all cases. In particular, little is known about BRCA1-independent restoration of HR. Here we show that loss of REV7 (also known as MAD2L2) in mouse and human cell lines re-establishes CTIP-dependent end resection of DSBs in BRCA1-deficient cells, leading to HR restoration and PARP inhibitor resistance, which is reversed by ATM kinase inhibition. REV7 is recruited to DSBs in a manner dependent on the H2AX-MDC1-RNF8-RNF168-53BP1 chromatin pathway, and seems to block HR and promote end joining in addition to its regulatory role in DNA damage tolerance. Finally, we establish that REV7 blocks DSB resection to promote non-homologous end-joining during immunoglobulin class switch recombination. Our results reveal an unexpected crucial function of REV7 downstream of 53BP1 in coordinating pathological DSB repair pathway choices in BRCA1-deficient cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guotai Xu
- Division of Molecular Oncology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - J Ross Chapman
- The Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, OX3 7BN, United Kingdom
| | - Inger Brandsma
- Department of Genetics, Erasmus, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jingsong Yuan
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Martin Mistrik
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Peter Bouwman
- Division of Molecular Pathology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Ewa Gogola
- Division of Molecular Oncology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Daniël Warmerdam
- Division of Cell Biology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marco Barazas
- Division of Molecular Oncology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Janneke E Jaspers
- Division of Molecular Oncology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Kenji Watanabe
- Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mark Pieterse
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Ariena Kersbergen
- Division of Molecular Oncology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Wendy Sol
- Division of Molecular Oncology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Patrick H N Celie
- Protein Facility, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Philip C Schouten
- Division of Molecular Pathology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Bram van den Broek
- Division of Cell Biology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ahmed Salman
- The Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, OX3 7BN, United Kingdom
| | - Marja Nieuwland
- Deep Sequencing Core Facility, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Iris de Rink
- Deep Sequencing Core Facility, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jorma de Ronde
- Division of Molecular Carcinogenesis, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Kees Jalink
- Division of Cell Biology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Simon J Boulton
- DNA Damage Response Laboratory, London Research Institute, Cancer Research UK, Clare Hall, South Mimms EN6 3LD, UK
| | - Junjie Chen
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Dik C van Gent
- Department of Genetics, Erasmus, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jiri Bartek
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
- Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jos Jonkers
- Division of Molecular Pathology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Piet Borst
- Division of Molecular Oncology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sven Rottenberg
- Division of Molecular Oncology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Institute of Animal Pathology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Laengassstrasse 122, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
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21
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Targeting Cdc20 as a novel cancer therapeutic strategy. Pharmacol Ther 2015; 151:141-51. [PMID: 25850036 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2015.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 172] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2015] [Accepted: 03/31/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The Anaphase Promoting Complex (APC, also called APC/C) regulates cell cycle progression by forming two closely related, but functionally distinct E3 ubiquitin ligase sub-complexes, APC(Cdc20) and APC(Cdh1), respectively. Emerging evidence has begun to reveal that Cdc20 and Cdh1 have opposing functions in tumorigenesis. Specifically, Cdh1 functions largely as a tumor suppressor, whereas Cdc20 exhibits an oncogenic function, suggesting that Cdc20 could be a promising therapeutic target for combating human cancer. However, the exact underlying molecular mechanisms accounting for their differences in tumorigenesis remain largely unknown. Therefore, in this review, we summarize the downstream substrates of Cdc20 and the critical functions of Cdc20 in cell cycle progression, apoptosis, ciliary disassembly and brain development. Moreover, we briefly describe the upstream regulators of Cdc20 and the oncogenic role of Cdc20 in a variety of human malignancies. Furthermore, we summarize multiple pharmacological Cdc20 inhibitors including TAME and Apcin, and their potential clinical benefits. Taken together, development of specific Cdc20 inhibitors could be a novel strategy for the treatment of human cancers with elevated Cdc20 expression.
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22
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Tomida J, Takata KI, Lange SS, Schibler AC, Yousefzadeh MJ, Bhetawal S, Dent SYR, Wood RD. REV7 is essential for DNA damage tolerance via two REV3L binding sites in mammalian DNA polymerase ζ. Nucleic Acids Res 2015; 43:1000-11. [PMID: 25567983 PMCID: PMC4333420 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gku1385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA polymerase zeta (pol ζ) is exceptionally important for controlling mutagenesis and genetic instability. REV3L comprises the catalytic subunit, while REV7 (MAD2L2) is considered an accessory subunit. However, it has not been established that the role of REV7 in DNA damage tolerance is necessarily connected with mammalian pol ζ, and there is accumulating evidence that REV7 and REV3L have independent functions. Analysis of pol ζ has been hampered by difficulties in expression of REV3L in mammalian cells, and lack of a functional complementation system. Here, we report that REV7 interacts with full-length REV3L in vivo and we identify a new conserved REV7 interaction site in human REV3L (residues 1993–2003), distinct from the known binding site (residues 1877–1887). Mutation of both REV7-binding sites eliminates the REV3L–REV7 interaction. Invivo complementation shows that both REV7-binding sites in REV3L are necessary for preventing spontaneous chromosome breaks and conferring resistance to UV radiation and cisplatin. This demonstrates a damage-specific function of REV7 in pol ζ, in contrast to the distinct roles of REV3L and REV7 in primary cell viability and embryogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junya Tomida
- Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center Science Park, Smithville, TX 78957, USA
| | - Kei-ichi Takata
- Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center Science Park, Smithville, TX 78957, USA
| | - Sabine S Lange
- Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center Science Park, Smithville, TX 78957, USA
| | - Andria C Schibler
- Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center Science Park, Smithville, TX 78957, USA The University of Texas Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Matthew J Yousefzadeh
- Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center Science Park, Smithville, TX 78957, USA The University of Texas Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Sarita Bhetawal
- Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center Science Park, Smithville, TX 78957, USA
| | - Sharon Y R Dent
- Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center Science Park, Smithville, TX 78957, USA The University of Texas Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Richard D Wood
- Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center Science Park, Smithville, TX 78957, USA The University of Texas Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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23
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Zhang J, Wan L, Dai X, Sun Y, Wei W. Functional characterization of Anaphase Promoting Complex/Cyclosome (APC/C) E3 ubiquitin ligases in tumorigenesis. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2014; 1845:277-93. [PMID: 24569229 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2014.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2013] [Revised: 02/09/2014] [Accepted: 02/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The Anaphase Promoting Complex/Cyclosome (APC/C) is a multi-subunit E3 ubiquitin ligase that primarily governs cell cycle progression. APC/C is composed of at least 14 core subunits and recruits its substrates for ubiquitination via one of the two adaptor proteins, Cdc20 or Cdh1, in M or M/early G1 phase, respectively. Furthermore, recent studies have shed light on crucial functions for APC/C in maintaining genomic integrity, neuronal differentiation, cellular metabolism and tumorigenesis. To gain better insight into the in vivo physiological functions of APC/C in regulating various cellular processes, particularly development and tumorigenesis, a number of mouse models of APC/C core subunits, coactivators or inhibitors have been established and characterized. However, due to their essential role in cell cycle regulation, most of the germline knockout mice targeting the APC/C pathway are embryonic lethal, indicating the need for generating conditional knockout mouse models to assess the role in tumorigenesis for each APC/C signaling component in specific tissues. In this review, we will first provide a brief introduction of the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) and the biochemical activities and cellular functions of the APC/C E3 ligase. We will then focus primarily on characterizing genetic mouse models used to understand the physiological roles of each APC/C signaling component in embryogenesis, cell proliferation, development and carcinogenesis. Finally, we discuss future research directions to further elucidate the physiological contributions of APC/C components during tumorigenesis and validate their potentials as a novel class of anti-cancer targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinfang Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Lixin Wan
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Xiangpeng Dai
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Yi Sun
- Division of Radiation and Cancer Biology, Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Wenyi Wei
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
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24
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Chan CP, Kok KH, Tang HMV, Wong CM, Jin DY. Internal ribosome entry site-mediated translational regulation of ATF4 splice variant in mammalian unfolded protein response. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2013; 1833:2165-75. [PMID: 23665047 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2013.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2013] [Revised: 04/30/2013] [Accepted: 05/02/2013] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4) is a master regulator of genes involved in unfolded protein response (UPR) and its translation is regulated through reinitiation at upstream open reading frames. Here, we demonstrate internal ribosome entry site (IRES)-mediated translation of an alternatively spliced variant of human ATF4. This variant that contains four upstream open reading frames in the 5' leader region was expressed in leukocytes and other tissues. mRNA and protein expression of this variant was activated in the UPR. Its translation was neither inhibited by steric hindrance nor affected by eIF4G1 inactivation, indicating a cap-independent and IRES-dependent mechanism not mediated by ribosome scanning-reinitiation. The IRES activity mapped to a highly structured region that partially overlaps with the third and fourth open reading frames was unlikely attributed to cryptic promoter or splicing, but was activated by PERK-induced eIF2α phosphorylation. Taken together, our findings reveal a new mechanism for translational regulation of ATF4 in mammalian UPR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ching-Ping Chan
- Department of Biochemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
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25
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Chan CP, Siu YT, Kok KH, Ching YP, Tang HMV, Jin DY. Group I p21-activated kinases facilitate Tax-mediated transcriptional activation of the human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 long terminal repeats. Retrovirology 2013; 10:47. [PMID: 23622267 PMCID: PMC3651266 DOI: 10.1186/1742-4690-10-47] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2012] [Accepted: 04/23/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1) is the causative agent of adult T-cell leukemia and tropical spastic paraparesis. HTLV-1 encodes transactivator protein Tax that interacts with various cellular factors to modulate transcription and other biological functions. Additional cellular mediators of Tax-mediated transcriptional activation of HTLV-1 long terminal repeats (LTR) remain to be identified and characterized. Results In this study, we investigated the regulatory role of group I p21-activated kinases (Paks) in Tax-induced LTR activation. Both wild-type and kinase-dead mutants of Pak3 were capable of potentiating the activity of Tax to activate LTR transcription. The effect of Paks on the LTR was attributed to the N-terminal regulatory domain and required the action of CREB, CREB-regulating transcriptional coactivators (CRTCs) and p300/CREB-binding protein. Paks physically associated with Tax and CRTCs. Paks were recruited to the LTR in the presence of Tax. siRNAs against either Pak1 or Pak3 prevented the interaction of Tax with CRTC1 and the recruitment of Tax to the LTR. These siRNAs also inhibited LTR-dependent transcription in HTLV-1-transformed MT4 cells and in cells transfected with an infectious clone of HTLV-1. Conclusion Group I Paks augment Tax-mediated transcriptional activation of HTLV-1 LTR in a kinase-independent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ching-Ping Chan
- Department of Biochemistry, The University of Hong Kong, 3/F Laboratory Block, 21 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
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