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Du B, Zhang Y, Zhang P, Zhang M, Yu Z, Li L, Hou L, Wang Q, Zhang X, Zhang W. Joint metabolomics and transcriptomics analysis systematically reveal the impact of MYCN in neuroblastoma. Sci Rep 2024; 14:20155. [PMID: 39215128 PMCID: PMC11364762 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-71211-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 08/26/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
The limited understanding of the molecular mechanism underlying MYCN-amplified (MNA) neuroblastoma (NB) has hindered the identification of effective therapeutic targets for MNA NB, contributing to its higher mortality rate compared to MYCN non-amplified (non-MNA) NB. Therefore, a comprehensive analysis integrating metabolomics and transcriptomics was conducted to systematically investigate the MNA NB. Metabolomics analysis utilized plasma samples from 28 MNA NB patients and 68 non-MNA NB patients, while transcriptomics analysis employed tissue samples from 15 MNA NB patients and 37 non-MNA NB patients. Notably, joint metabolomics and transcriptomics analysis was performed. A total of 46 metabolites exhibited alterations, with 21 displaying elevated levels and 25 demonstrating reduced levels in MNA NB. In addition, 884 mRNAs in MNA NB showed significant changes, among which 766 mRNAs were higher and 118 mRNAs were lower. Joint-pathway analysis revealed three aberrant pathways involving glycerolipid metabolism, purine metabolism, and lysine degradation. This study highlights the substantial differences in metabolomics and transcriptomics between MNA NB and non-MNA NB, identifying three abnormal metabolic pathways that may serve as potential targets for understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying MNA NB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bang Du
- Health Commission of Henan Province Key Laboratory for Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Pediatric Tumor, Children's Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450018, China
| | - Yingyu Zhang
- The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Clinical Medicine of Henan University of Science and Technology, Henan Key Laboratory of Rare Diseases, Endocrinology and Metabolism Center, Luoyang, 471003, China
| | - Pin Zhang
- Health Commission of Henan Province Key Laboratory for Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Pediatric Tumor, Children's Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450018, China
| | - Mengxin Zhang
- Health Commission of Henan Province Key Laboratory for Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Pediatric Tumor, Children's Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450018, China
| | - Zhidan Yu
- Health Commission of Henan Province Key Laboratory for Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Pediatric Tumor, Children's Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450018, China
| | - Lifeng Li
- Health Commission of Henan Province Key Laboratory for Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Pediatric Tumor, Children's Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450018, China
| | - Ligong Hou
- Henan International Joint Laboratory for Prevention and Treatment of Pediatric Disease, Children's Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450018, China
| | - Qionglin Wang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Children's Genetics and Metabolic Diseases, Children's Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450018, China.
| | - Xianwei Zhang
- Health Commission of Henan Province Key Laboratory for Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Pediatric Tumor, Children's Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450018, China.
| | - Wancun Zhang
- Health Commission of Henan Province Key Laboratory for Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Pediatric Tumor, Children's Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450018, China.
- Henan International Joint Laboratory for Prevention and Treatment of Pediatric Disease, Children's Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450018, China.
- Henan Key Laboratory of Children's Genetics and Metabolic Diseases, Children's Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450018, China.
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Mattioli R, Ilari A, Colotti B, Mosca L, Fazi F, Colotti G. Doxorubicin and other anthracyclines in cancers: Activity, chemoresistance and its overcoming. Mol Aspects Med 2023; 93:101205. [PMID: 37515939 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2023.101205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 07/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/31/2023]
Abstract
Anthracyclines have been important and effective treatments against a number of cancers since their discovery. However, their use in therapy has been complicated by severe side effects and toxicity that occur during or after treatment, including cardiotoxicity. The mode of action of anthracyclines is complex, with several mechanisms proposed. It is possible that their high toxicity is due to the large set of processes involved in anthracycline action. The development of resistance is a major barrier to successful treatment when using anthracyclines. This resistance is based on a series of mechanisms that have been studied and addressed in recent years. This work provides an overview of the anthracyclines used in cancer therapy. It discusses their mechanisms of activity, toxicity, and chemoresistance, as well as the approaches used to improve their activity, decrease their toxicity, and overcome resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Mattioli
- Dept. Biochemical Sciences A. Rossi Fanelli, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Ilari
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology, Italian National Research Council IBPM-CNR, Rome, Italy
| | - Beatrice Colotti
- Dept. Biochemical Sciences A. Rossi Fanelli, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Luciana Mosca
- Dept. Biochemical Sciences A. Rossi Fanelli, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Fazi
- Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic & Orthopaedic Sciences, Section of Histology and Medical Embryology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Gianni Colotti
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology, Italian National Research Council IBPM-CNR, Rome, Italy.
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Inhibition of PI3 kinase isoform p110α suppresses neuroblastoma growth and induces the reduction of Anaplastic Lymphoma Kinase. Cell Biosci 2022; 12:210. [PMID: 36585695 PMCID: PMC9801621 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-022-00946-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In neuroblastoma, hyperactivation of the PI3K signaling pathway has been correlated with aggressive neuroblastomas, suggesting PI3Ks as promising targets for the treatment of neuroblastoma. However, the oncogenic roles of individual PI3K isoforms in neuroblastoma remain elusive. RESULTS We found that PI3K isoform p110α was expressed at higher levels in neuroblastoma tissues compared with normal tissues, and its high expression was correlated with an unfavorable prognosis of neuroblastoma. Accordingly, PI3K activation in neuroblastoma cells was predominantly mediated by p110α but not by p110β or p110δ. Suppression of p110α inhibited the growth of neuroblastoma cells both in vitro and in vivo, suggesting a crucial role of p110α in the tumorigenesis of neuroblastoma. Mechanistically, inhibition of p110α decreased anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) in neuroblastoma cells by decreasing its protein stability. CONCLUSIONS In this study, we investigated the oncogenic roles of PI3K isoforms in neuroblastoma. Our data shed light on PI3K isoform p110α in the tumorigenesis of neuroblastoma, and strongly suggest the p110α inhibitors as potential drugs in treating neuroblastoma.
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Sorteberg AL, Halipi V, Wickström M, Shirazi Fard S. The cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor p21Cip1/Waf1 is a therapeutic target in high-risk neuroblastoma. Front Oncol 2022; 12:906194. [PMID: 36147919 PMCID: PMC9486206 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.906194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Platinum-based chemotherapies such as cisplatin are used as first-line treatment for the paediatric tumour neuroblastoma. Although the majority of neuroblastoma tumours respond to therapy, there is a high fraction of high-risk neuroblastoma patients that eventually relapse with increased resistance. Here, we show that one key determinant of cisplatin sensitivity is phosphorylation of the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p21Cip1/Waf1. A panel of eight neuroblastoma cell lines and a TH-MYCN mouse model were investigated for the expression of p21Cip1/Waf1 using RT-qPCR, Western blot, and immunofluorescence. This was followed by investigation of sensitivity towards cisplatin and the p21Cip1/Waf1 inhibitor UC2288. Whereas the cell lines and the mouse model showed low levels of un-phosphorylated p21Cip1/Waf1, the phosphorylated p21Cip1/Waf1 (Thr145) was highly expressed, which in the cell lines correlated to cisplatin resistance. Furthermore, the neuroblastoma cell lines showed high sensitivity to UC2288, and combination treatment with cisplatin resulted in considerably decreased cell viability and delay in regrowth in the two most resistant cell lines, SK-N-DZ and BE(2)-C. Thus, targeting p21Cip1/Waf1 can offer new treatment strategies and subsequently lead to the design of more efficient combination treatments for high-risk neuroblastoma.
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Yousuf M, Alam M, Shamsi A, Khan P, Hasan GM, Rizwanul Haque QM, Hassan MI. Structure-guided design and development of cyclin-dependent kinase 4/6 inhibitors: A review on therapeutic implications. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 218:394-408. [PMID: 35878668 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.07.156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Revised: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Cyclin-dependent kinase 6 (EC 2.7.11.22) play significant roles in numerous biological processes and triggers cell cycle events. CDK6 controlled the transcriptional regulation. A dysregulated function of CDK6 is linked with the development of progression of multiple tumor types. Thus, it is considered as an effective drug target for cancer therapy. Based on the direct roles of CDK4/6 in tumor development, numerous inhibitors developed as promising anti-cancer agents. CDK4/6 inhibitors regulate the G1 to S transition by preventing Rb phosphorylation and E2F liberation, showing potent anti-cancer activity in several tumors, including HR+/HER2- breast cancer. CDK4/6 inhibitors such as abemaciclib, palbociclib, and ribociclib, control cell cycle, provoke cell senescence, and induces tumor cell disturbance in pre-clinical studies. Here, we discuss the roles of CDK6 in cancer along with the present status of CDK4/6 inhibitors in cancer therapy. We further discussed, how structural features of CDK4/6 could be implicated in the design and development of potential anti-cancer agents. In addition, the therapeutic potential and limitations of available CDK4/6 inhibitors are described in detail. Recent pre-clinical and clinical information for CDK4/6 inhibitors are highlighted. In addition, combination of CDK4/6 inhibitors with other drugs for the therapeutic management of cancer are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohd Yousuf
- Department of Biosciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, Jamia Nagar, New Delhi, India
| | - Manzar Alam
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi 110025, India
| | - Anas Shamsi
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi 110025, India
| | - Parvez Khan
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi 110025, India
| | - Gulam Mustafa Hasan
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Md Imtaiyaz Hassan
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi 110025, India.
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Target actionability review to evaluate CDK4/6 as a therapeutic target in paediatric solid and brain tumours. Eur J Cancer 2022; 170:196-208. [PMID: 35671543 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2022.04.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Revised: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Childhood cancer is still a leading cause of death around the world. To improve outcomes, there is an urgent need for tailored treatment. The systematic evaluation of existing preclinical data can provide an overview of what is known and identify gaps in the current knowledge. Here, we applied the target actionability review (TAR) methodology to assess the strength and weaknesses of available scientific literature on CDK4/6 as a therapeutic target in paediatric solid and brain tumours by structured critical appraisal. METHODS Using relevant search terms in PubMed, a list of original publications investigating CDK4/6 in paediatric solid tumour types was identified based on relevancy criteria. Each publication was annotated for the tumour type and categorised into separate proof-of-concept (PoC) data modules. Based on rubrics, quality and experimental outcomes were scored independently by two reviewers. A third reviewer evaluated and adjudicated score discrepancies. Scores for each PoC module were averaged for each tumour type and visualised in a heatmap matrix in the publicly available R2 data portal. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS This CDK4/6 TAR, generated by analysis of 151 data entries from 71 publications, showed frequent genomic aberrations of CDK4/6 in rhabdomyosarcoma, osteosarcoma, high-grade glioma, medulloblastoma, and neuroblastoma. However, a clear correlation between CDK4/6 aberrations and compound efficacy is not coming forth from the literature. Our analysis indicates that several paediatric indications would need (further) preclinical evaluation to allow for better recommendations, especially regarding the dependence of tumours on CDK4/6, predictive biomarkers, resistance mechanisms, and combination strategies. Nevertheless, our TAR heatmap provides support for the relevance of CDK4/6 inhibition in Ewing sarcoma, medulloblastoma, malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumour and to a lesser extent neuroblastoma, rhabdomyosarcoma, rhabdoid tumour and high-grade glioma. The interactive heatmap is accessible through R2 [r2platform.com/TAR/CDK4_6].
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Li YR, Fu M, Song YQ, Li SL, Ge XY. Long noncoding RNA MRPL23-AS1 suppresses anoikis in salivary adenoid cystic carcinoma in vitro. Oral Dis 2022; 29:1588-1601. [PMID: 35175670 DOI: 10.1111/odi.14156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Revised: 09/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Distant lung metastasis is the main factor that affects the survival rate of patients with salivary adenoid cystic carcinoma (SACC). Anoikis resistance is a feature of tumor cells that easily metastasize. The long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) MRPL23 antisense RNA 1 (MPRL23-AS1) is related to lung metastasis in SACC, but its role in anoikis resistance is unknown.After altering MPRL23-AS1 expression in SACC cells, anoikis resistance was detected by calcein AM/PI staining and annexin V/PI flow cytometry. The apoptosis marker activated caspase-3 and the bcl-2/bax ratio were detected by Western blotting. The relationship between MPRL23-AS1 and the promoter of the potential downstream target gene p19INK4D was identified by chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP)-PCR assay. p19INK4D expression in patient tissues was determined using qRT-PCR and immunohistochemistry.The functional experiments showed that MPRL23-AS1 could promote anoikis resistance in vitro. MRPL23-AS1 recruited the EZH2 to the promoter region of p19INK4D, inhibited p19INK4D expression, and promoted tumor cell anoikis resistance. p19INK4D overexpression did not affect anoikis in attached cells; however, it attenuated the anoikis resistance effect of MPRL23-AS1 in suspension cells. p19INK4D expression was significantly lower in SACC tissues than in normal tissues.The novel MRPL23-AS1/p19INK4D axis may be a potential SACC biomarker or therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin-Ran Li
- Central Laboratory, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Center of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Digital Medical Devices & Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology & Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Computerized Dentistry of Health & NMPA Key Laboratory for Dental Material.,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, 100081, P.R. China
| | - Min Fu
- Central Laboratory, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Center of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Digital Medical Devices & Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology & Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Computerized Dentistry of Health & NMPA Key Laboratory for Dental Material.,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, 100081, P.R. China
| | - Ye-Qing Song
- Central Laboratory, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Center of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Digital Medical Devices & Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology & Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Computerized Dentistry of Health & NMPA Key Laboratory for Dental Material
| | - Sheng-Lin Li
- Central Laboratory, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Center of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Digital Medical Devices & Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology & Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Computerized Dentistry of Health & NMPA Key Laboratory for Dental Material.,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, 100081, P.R. China
| | - Xi-Yuan Ge
- Central Laboratory, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Center of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Digital Medical Devices & Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology & Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Computerized Dentistry of Health & NMPA Key Laboratory for Dental Material.,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, 100081, P.R. China
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Decaesteker B, Durinck K, Van Roy N, De Wilde B, Van Neste C, Van Haver S, Roberts S, De Preter K, Vermeirssen V, Speleman F. From DNA Copy Number Gains and Tumor Dependencies to Novel Therapeutic Targets for High-Risk Neuroblastoma. J Pers Med 2021; 11:1286. [PMID: 34945759 PMCID: PMC8707517 DOI: 10.3390/jpm11121286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Revised: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroblastoma is a pediatric tumor arising from the sympatho-adrenal lineage and a worldwide leading cause of childhood cancer-related deaths. About half of high-risk patients die from the disease while survivors suffer from multiple therapy-related side-effects. While neuroblastomas present with a low mutational burden, focal and large segmental DNA copy number aberrations are highly recurrent and associated with poor survival. It can be assumed that the affected chromosomal regions contain critical genes implicated in neuroblastoma biology and behavior. More specifically, evidence has emerged that several of these genes are implicated in tumor dependencies thus potentially providing novel therapeutic entry points. In this review, we briefly review the current status of recurrent DNA copy number aberrations in neuroblastoma and provide an overview of the genes affected by these genomic variants for which a direct role in neuroblastoma has been established. Several of these genes are implicated in networks that positively regulate MYCN expression or stability as well as cell cycle control and apoptosis. Finally, we summarize alternative approaches to identify and prioritize candidate copy-number driven dependency genes for neuroblastoma offering novel therapeutic opportunities.
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Grants
- P30 CA008748 NCI NIH HHS
- G087221N, G.0507.12, G049720N,12U4718N, 11C3921N, 11J8313N, 12B5313N, 1514215N, 1197617N,1238420N, 12Q8322N, 3F018519, 12N6917N Fund for Scientific Research Flanders
- 2018-087, 2018-125, 2020-112 Belgian Foundation against Cancer
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Affiliation(s)
- Bieke Decaesteker
- Department for Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, Medical Research Building (MRB1), Corneel Heymanslaan 10, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium; (B.D.); (K.D.); (N.V.R.); (B.D.W.); (C.V.N.); (S.V.H.); (K.D.P.); (V.V.)
| | - Kaat Durinck
- Department for Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, Medical Research Building (MRB1), Corneel Heymanslaan 10, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium; (B.D.); (K.D.); (N.V.R.); (B.D.W.); (C.V.N.); (S.V.H.); (K.D.P.); (V.V.)
| | - Nadine Van Roy
- Department for Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, Medical Research Building (MRB1), Corneel Heymanslaan 10, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium; (B.D.); (K.D.); (N.V.R.); (B.D.W.); (C.V.N.); (S.V.H.); (K.D.P.); (V.V.)
| | - Bram De Wilde
- Department for Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, Medical Research Building (MRB1), Corneel Heymanslaan 10, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium; (B.D.); (K.D.); (N.V.R.); (B.D.W.); (C.V.N.); (S.V.H.); (K.D.P.); (V.V.)
- Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Ghent University Hospital, Corneel Heymanslaan 10, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Christophe Van Neste
- Department for Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, Medical Research Building (MRB1), Corneel Heymanslaan 10, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium; (B.D.); (K.D.); (N.V.R.); (B.D.W.); (C.V.N.); (S.V.H.); (K.D.P.); (V.V.)
| | - Stéphane Van Haver
- Department for Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, Medical Research Building (MRB1), Corneel Heymanslaan 10, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium; (B.D.); (K.D.); (N.V.R.); (B.D.W.); (C.V.N.); (S.V.H.); (K.D.P.); (V.V.)
| | - Stephen Roberts
- Department of Pediatrics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA;
| | - Katleen De Preter
- Department for Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, Medical Research Building (MRB1), Corneel Heymanslaan 10, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium; (B.D.); (K.D.); (N.V.R.); (B.D.W.); (C.V.N.); (S.V.H.); (K.D.P.); (V.V.)
| | - Vanessa Vermeirssen
- Department for Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, Medical Research Building (MRB1), Corneel Heymanslaan 10, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium; (B.D.); (K.D.); (N.V.R.); (B.D.W.); (C.V.N.); (S.V.H.); (K.D.P.); (V.V.)
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Technologiepark 71, B-9052 Zwijnaarde, Belgium
| | - Frank Speleman
- Department for Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, Medical Research Building (MRB1), Corneel Heymanslaan 10, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium; (B.D.); (K.D.); (N.V.R.); (B.D.W.); (C.V.N.); (S.V.H.); (K.D.P.); (V.V.)
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Hung KL, Yost KE, Xie L, Shi Q, Helmsauer K, Luebeck J, Schöpflin R, Lange JT, Chamorro González R, Weiser NE, Chen C, Valieva ME, Wong ITL, Wu S, Dehkordi SR, Duffy CV, Kraft K, Tang J, Belk JA, Rose JC, Corces MR, Granja JM, Li R, Rajkumar U, Friedlein J, Bagchi A, Satpathy AT, Tjian R, Mundlos S, Bafna V, Henssen AG, Mischel PS, Liu Z, Chang HY. ecDNA hubs drive cooperative intermolecular oncogene expression. Nature 2021; 600:731-736. [PMID: 34819668 PMCID: PMC9126690 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-021-04116-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Extrachromosomal DNA (ecDNA) is prevalent in human cancers and mediates high expression of oncogenes through gene amplification and altered gene regulation1. Gene induction typically involves cis-regulatory elements that contact and activate genes on the same chromosome2,3. Here we show that ecDNA hubs-clusters of around 10-100 ecDNAs within the nucleus-enable intermolecular enhancer-gene interactions to promote oncogene overexpression. ecDNAs that encode multiple distinct oncogenes form hubs in diverse cancer cell types and primary tumours. Each ecDNA is more likely to transcribe the oncogene when spatially clustered with additional ecDNAs. ecDNA hubs are tethered by the bromodomain and extraterminal domain (BET) protein BRD4 in a MYC-amplified colorectal cancer cell line. The BET inhibitor JQ1 disperses ecDNA hubs and preferentially inhibits ecDNA-derived-oncogene transcription. The BRD4-bound PVT1 promoter is ectopically fused to MYC and duplicated in ecDNA, receiving promiscuous enhancer input to drive potent expression of MYC. Furthermore, the PVT1 promoter on an exogenous episome suffices to mediate gene activation in trans by ecDNA hubs in a JQ1-sensitive manner. Systematic silencing of ecDNA enhancers by CRISPR interference reveals intermolecular enhancer-gene activation among multiple oncogene loci that are amplified on distinct ecDNAs. Thus, protein-tethered ecDNA hubs enable intermolecular transcriptional regulation and may serve as units of oncogene function and cooperative evolution and as potential targets for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- King L Hung
- Center for Personal Dynamic Regulomes, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Kathryn E Yost
- Center for Personal Dynamic Regulomes, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Liangqi Xie
- Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, VA, USA
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Li Ka Shing Center for Biomedical and Health Sciences, CIRM Center of Excellence, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Quanming Shi
- Center for Personal Dynamic Regulomes, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Konstantin Helmsauer
- Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jens Luebeck
- Bioinformatics and Systems Biology Graduate Program, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Robert Schöpflin
- Development and Disease Research Group, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Berlin, Germany
- Institute for Medical and Human Genetics, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Computational Molecular Biology, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Berlin, Germany
| | - Joshua T Lange
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- ChEM-H, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Rocío Chamorro González
- Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Natasha E Weiser
- Center for Personal Dynamic Regulomes, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Celine Chen
- Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Maria E Valieva
- Development and Disease Research Group, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Berlin, Germany
- Institute for Medical and Human Genetics, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ivy Tsz-Lo Wong
- ChEM-H, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Sihan Wu
- Children's Medical Center Research Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Siavash R Dehkordi
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Connor V Duffy
- Center for Personal Dynamic Regulomes, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Katerina Kraft
- Center for Personal Dynamic Regulomes, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Jun Tang
- ChEM-H, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Julia A Belk
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Computer Science, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - John C Rose
- Center for Personal Dynamic Regulomes, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - M Ryan Corces
- Center for Personal Dynamic Regulomes, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Jeffrey M Granja
- Center for Personal Dynamic Regulomes, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Rui Li
- Center for Personal Dynamic Regulomes, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Utkrisht Rajkumar
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Jordan Friedlein
- Tumor Initiation and Maintenance Program, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Anindya Bagchi
- Tumor Initiation and Maintenance Program, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | | | - Robert Tjian
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Li Ka Shing Center for Biomedical and Health Sciences, CIRM Center of Excellence, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Stefan Mundlos
- Development and Disease Research Group, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Berlin, Germany
- Institute for Medical and Human Genetics, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Vineet Bafna
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Anton G Henssen
- Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center (ECRC), Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine and Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), partner site Berlin, and German Cancer Research Center DKFZ, Heidelberg, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Paul S Mischel
- ChEM-H, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Zhe Liu
- Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, VA, USA
| | - Howard Y Chang
- Center for Personal Dynamic Regulomes, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
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10
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Lisowski C, Dias J, Costa S, Silva RJ, Mano M, Eulalio A. Dysregulated endolysosomal trafficking in cells arrested in the G 1 phase of the host cell cycle impairs Salmonella vacuolar replication. Autophagy 2021; 18:1785-1800. [PMID: 34781820 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2021.1999561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Modulation of the host cell cycle has emerged as a common theme among the pathways regulated by bacterial pathogens, arguably to promote host cell colonization. However, in most cases the exact benefit ensuing from such interference to the infection process remains unclear. Previously, we have shown that Salmonella actively induces G2/M arrest of host cells, and that infection is severely inhibited in cells arrested in G1. In this study, we demonstrate that Salmonella vacuolar replication is inhibited in host cells blocked in G1, whereas the cytosolic replication of the closely related pathogen Shigella is not affected. Mechanistically, we show that cells arrested in G1, but not cells arrested in G2, present dysregulated endolysosomal trafficking, displaying an abnormal accumulation of vesicles positive for late endosomal and lysosomal markers. In addition, the macroautophagic/autophagic flux and degradative lysosomal function are strongly impaired. This endolysosomal trafficking dysregulation results in sustained activation of the SPI-1 type III secretion system and lack of vacuole repair by the autophagy pathway, ultimately compromising the maturation and integrity of the Salmonella-containing vacuole. As such, Salmonella is released in the host cytosol. Collectively, our findings demonstrate that the modulation of the host cell cycle occurring during Salmonella infection is related to a disparity in the permissivity of cells arrested in G1 and G2/M, due to their intrinsic characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clivia Lisowski
- Host RNA Metabolism Group, Institute for Molecular Infection Biology (IMIB), University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Jane Dias
- RNA & Infection Laboratory, Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology (CNC), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,Functional Genomics and RNA-based Therapeutics Laboratory, Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology (CNC), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,PhD Programme in Experimental Biology and Biomedicine (PDBEB), Institute for Interdisciplinary Research (IIIUC), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Susana Costa
- RNA & Infection Laboratory, Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology (CNC), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,Functional Genomics and RNA-based Therapeutics Laboratory, Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology (CNC), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,PhD Programme in Experimental Biology and Biomedicine (PDBEB), Institute for Interdisciplinary Research (IIIUC), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ricardo Jorge Silva
- Functional Genomics and RNA-based Therapeutics Laboratory, Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology (CNC), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,PhD Programme in Experimental Biology and Biomedicine (PDBEB), Institute for Interdisciplinary Research (IIIUC), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Miguel Mano
- Functional Genomics and RNA-based Therapeutics Laboratory, Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology (CNC), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ana Eulalio
- Host RNA Metabolism Group, Institute for Molecular Infection Biology (IMIB), University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany.,RNA & Infection Laboratory, Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology (CNC), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
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11
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Ma ML, Zhang HY, Zhang SY, Yi XL. LncRNA CDKN2B‑AS1 sponges miR‑28‑5p to regulate proliferation and inhibit apoptosis in colorectal cancer. Oncol Rep 2021; 46:213. [PMID: 34368874 DOI: 10.3892/or.2021.8164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) CDKN2B‑antisense RNA 1 (AS1) functions as a tumor oncogene in numerous cancers. However, the roles and mechanism of CDKN2B‑AS1 in colorectal cancer (CRC) have not been explored. The present study aimed to investigate whether and how CDKN2B‑AS1 contributes to CRC progression. The data revealed that CDKN2B‑AS1 expression was upregulated in CRC tissues. Loss‑of‑function assays demonstrated that CDKN2B‑AS1 in CRC modulated cell proliferation and apoptosis, which was mediated by cyclin D1, cyclin‑dependent kinase (CDK) 4, p‑Rb, caspase‑9 and caspase‑3. Bioinformatics analysis and luciferase reporter assays indicated direct binding of microRNA (miR)‑28‑5p to CDKN2B‑AS1. Moreover, the results herein revealed that the expression of miR‑28‑5p was negatively correlated with that of CDKN2B‑AS1 in CRC tissue. Moreover, CDKN2B‑AS1 acted as a miR‑28‑5p competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) to target and regulate the expression of URGCP. These findings indicated that CDKN2B‑AS1 plays roles in CRC progression, providing a potential therapeutic target or novel diagnostic biomarker for CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei-Li Ma
- Department of Oncology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital (Group), Qingdao, Shandong 266011, P.R. China
| | - Hong-Yan Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Qingdao ChengYang People's Hospital, Qingdao, Shandong 266000, P.R. China
| | - Shu-Yi Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Qingdao Haici Medical Group, Qingdao, Shandong 266034, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Li Yi
- Department of Oncology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital (Group), Qingdao, Shandong 266011, P.R. China
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12
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Gao L, Wu ZX, Assaraf YG, Chen ZS, Wang L. Overcoming anti-cancer drug resistance via restoration of tumor suppressor gene function. Drug Resist Updat 2021; 57:100770. [PMID: 34175687 DOI: 10.1016/j.drup.2021.100770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Revised: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The cytotoxic anti-cancer drugs cisplatin, paclitaxel, doxorubicin, 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), as well as targeted drugs including imatinib, erlotinib, and nivolumab, play key roles in clinical cancer treatment. However, the frequent emergence of drug resistance severely comprosises their anti-cancer efficacy. A number of studies indicated that loss of function of tumor suppressor genes (TSGs) is involved in the development of cancer drug resistance, apart from decreased drug influx, increased drug efflux, induction of anti-apoptosis mechanisms, alterations in tumor microenvironment, drug compartmentalization, enhanced DNA repair and drug inactivation. TSGs are involved in the pathogenesis of tumor formation through regulation of DNA damage repair, cell apoptosis, autophagy, proliferation, cell cycle progression, and signal transduction. Our increased understanding of TSGs in the past decades demonstrates that gene mutation is not the only reason that leads to the inactivation of TSGs. Loss of function of TSGs may be based on the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway, epigenetic and transcriptional regualtion, post-translation modifications like phosphorylation as well as cellular translocation of TSGs. As the above processes can constitute"druggable targets", these mechanisms provide novel therapeutic approaches in targeting TSGs. Some small molecule compounds targeting these approaches re-activated TSGs and reversed cancer drug resistance. Along this vein, functional restoration of TSGs is a novel and promising approach to surmount cancer drug resistance. In the current review, we draw a scenario based on the role of loss of function of TSGs in drug resistance, on mechanisms leading to inactivation of TSGs and on pharmacological agents acting on these mechanisms to overcome cancer drug resistance. This review discusses novel therapeutic strategies targeting TSGs and offers possible modalities to conquer cancer drug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingyue Gao
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, PR China; Benxi Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, PR China
| | - Zhuo-Xun Wu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, NY, 11439, USA
| | - Yehuda G Assaraf
- The Fred Wyszkowski Cancer Research Laboratory, Department of Biology, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 3200003, Israel
| | - Zhe-Sheng Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, NY, 11439, USA.
| | - Lihui Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, PR China; Benxi Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, PR China.
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13
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Körholz K, Ridinger J, Krunic D, Najafi S, Gerloff XF, Frese K, Meder B, Peterziel H, Vega-Rubin-de-Celis S, Witt O, Oehme I. Broad-Spectrum HDAC Inhibitors Promote Autophagy through FOXO Transcription Factors in Neuroblastoma. Cells 2021; 10:cells10051001. [PMID: 33923163 PMCID: PMC8144997 DOI: 10.3390/cells10051001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Revised: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Depending on context and tumor stage, deregulation of autophagy can either suppress tumorigenesis or promote chemoresistance and tumor survival. Histone deacetylases (HDACs) can modulate autophagy; however, the exact mechanisms are not fully understood. Here, we analyze the effects of the broad-spectrum HDAC inhibitors (HDACi) panobinostat and vorinostat on the transcriptional regulation of autophagy with respect to autophagy transcription factor activity (Transcription factor EB-TFEB, forkhead boxO-FOXO) and autophagic flux in neuroblastoma cells. In combination with the late-stage autophagic flux inhibitor bafilomycin A1, HDACis increase the number of autophagic vesicles, indicating an increase in autophagic flux. Both HDACi induce nuclear translocation of the transcription factors FOXO1 and FOXO3a, but not TFEB and promote the expression of pro-autophagic FOXO1/3a target genes. Moreover, FOXO1/3a knockdown experiments impaired HDACi treatment mediated expression of autophagy related genes. Combination of panobinostat with the lysosomal inhibitor chloroquine, which blocks autophagic flux, enhances neuroblastoma cell death in culture and hampers tumor growth in vivo in a neuroblastoma zebrafish xenograft model. In conclusion, our results indicate that pan-HDACi treatment induces autophagy in neuroblastoma at a transcriptional level. Combining HDACis with autophagy modulating drugs suppresses tumor growth of high-risk neuroblastoma cells. These experimental data provide novel insights for optimization of treatment strategies in neuroblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Körholz
- Hopp Children’s Cancer Center Heidelberg (KiTZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (K.K.); (J.R.); (S.N.); (X.F.G.); (H.P.); (O.W.)
- Clinical Cooperation Unit Pediatric Oncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), German Cancer Research Consortium (DKTK), INF 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Johannes Ridinger
- Hopp Children’s Cancer Center Heidelberg (KiTZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (K.K.); (J.R.); (S.N.); (X.F.G.); (H.P.); (O.W.)
- Clinical Cooperation Unit Pediatric Oncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), German Cancer Research Consortium (DKTK), INF 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Damir Krunic
- Light Microscopy Facility (LMF), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany;
| | - Sara Najafi
- Hopp Children’s Cancer Center Heidelberg (KiTZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (K.K.); (J.R.); (S.N.); (X.F.G.); (H.P.); (O.W.)
- Clinical Cooperation Unit Pediatric Oncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), German Cancer Research Consortium (DKTK), INF 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Immunology, University Hospital Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Xenia F. Gerloff
- Hopp Children’s Cancer Center Heidelberg (KiTZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (K.K.); (J.R.); (S.N.); (X.F.G.); (H.P.); (O.W.)
- Clinical Cooperation Unit Pediatric Oncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), German Cancer Research Consortium (DKTK), INF 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Immunology, University Hospital Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Karen Frese
- Institute for Cardiomyopathies Heidelberg, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (K.F.); (B.M.)
| | - Benjamin Meder
- Institute for Cardiomyopathies Heidelberg, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (K.F.); (B.M.)
- Genome Technology Center, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94304, USA
| | - Heike Peterziel
- Hopp Children’s Cancer Center Heidelberg (KiTZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (K.K.); (J.R.); (S.N.); (X.F.G.); (H.P.); (O.W.)
- Clinical Cooperation Unit Pediatric Oncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), German Cancer Research Consortium (DKTK), INF 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Olaf Witt
- Hopp Children’s Cancer Center Heidelberg (KiTZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (K.K.); (J.R.); (S.N.); (X.F.G.); (H.P.); (O.W.)
- Clinical Cooperation Unit Pediatric Oncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), German Cancer Research Consortium (DKTK), INF 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Immunology, University Hospital Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ina Oehme
- Hopp Children’s Cancer Center Heidelberg (KiTZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (K.K.); (J.R.); (S.N.); (X.F.G.); (H.P.); (O.W.)
- Clinical Cooperation Unit Pediatric Oncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), German Cancer Research Consortium (DKTK), INF 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Correspondence:
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14
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Wu CL, Shan TD, Han Y, Kong Y, Li YB, Peng XG, Shang L, Wang PG, Li LP. Long intergenic noncoding RNA 00665 promotes proliferation and inhibits apoptosis in colorectal cancer by regulating miR-126-5p. Aging (Albany NY) 2021; 13:13571-13584. [PMID: 33878735 PMCID: PMC8202867 DOI: 10.18632/aging.202874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Long intergenic noncoding RNAs (lincRNAs) regulate a series of biological processes, and their anomalous expression plays critical roles in the progression of multiple malignancies, including colorectal cancer (CRC). Although many studies have reported the oncogenic function of LINC00665 in multiple cancers, few studies have explored its role in CRC. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of LINC00665 on the malignant behaviors of CRC and explore the underlying regulatory mechanism of LINC00665. LINC00665 was significantly upregulated in CRC. A loss-of-function assay revealed that LINC00665 downregulation inhibited the proliferation and promoted the apoptosis of CRC cells, which was mediated by cyclin D1, CDK4, caspase-9 and caspase-3. Through mechanistic exploration, we found that miR-126-5p directly bound to LINC00665. Moreover, LINC00665 and miR-126-5p both regulated PAK2 and FZD3 expression. Mechanistically, miR-126-5p was predicted and further verified as a target of both PAK2 and FZD3. These findings demonstrate that LINC00665 might play an important pro-proliferative and antiapoptotic role in CRC and might be a potential biomarker and a new therapeutic target for CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Liang Wu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250021, Shandong, People's Republic of China.,Department of Emergency Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao 262000, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Ti-Dong Shan
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao 262000, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Yue Han
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao 262000, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Kong
- Department of PET-CT, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao 262000, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuan-Bo Li
- Department of Emergency Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao 262000, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin-Gang Peng
- Department of Emergency Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao 262000, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Liang Shang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250021, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Pei-Ge Wang
- Department of Emergency Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao 262000, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Le-Ping Li
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250021, Shandong, People's Republic of China
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15
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Campos Cogo S, Gradowski Farias da Costa do Nascimento T, de Almeida Brehm Pinhatti F, de França Junior N, Santos Rodrigues B, Regina Cavalli L, Elifio-Esposito S. An overview of neuroblastoma cell lineage phenotypes and in vitro models. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2020; 245:1637-1647. [PMID: 32787463 PMCID: PMC7802384 DOI: 10.1177/1535370220949237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
This review was conducted to present the main neuroblastoma (NB) clinical characteristics and the most common genetic alterations present in these pediatric tumors, highlighting their impact in tumor cell aggressiveness behavior, including metastatic development and treatment resistance, and patients' prognosis. The distinct three NB cell lineage phenotypes, S-type, N-type, and I-type, which are characterized by unique cell surface markers and gene expression patterns, are also reviewed. Finally, an overview of the most used NB cell lines currently available for in vitro studies and their unique cellular and molecular characteristics, which should be taken into account for the selection of the most appropriate model for NB pre-clinical studies, is presented. These valuable models can be complemented by the generation of NB reprogrammed tumor cells or organoids, derived directly from patients' tumor specimens, in the direction toward personalized medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheron Campos Cogo
- Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, Curitiba 80215-901, Brazil
| | | | | | - Nilton de França Junior
- Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, Curitiba 80215-901, Brazil
| | - Bruna Santos Rodrigues
- Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, Curitiba 80215-901, Brazil
| | - Luciane Regina Cavalli
- Instituto de Pesquisa Pelé Pequeno Príncipe, Faculdades Pequeno Príncipe, Curitiba 80250-060, Brazil
- Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20007, USA
| | - Selene Elifio-Esposito
- Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, Curitiba 80215-901, Brazil
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16
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CDK4/6 inhibitors in P16/HPV16-negative squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 2020; 277:1273-1280. [PMID: 32162057 DOI: 10.1007/s00405-020-05891-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Addition of CDK4/6 inhibitors to a variety of established treatments in squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (SCCHN) has the potential to improve responses to other therapies and may help overcome treatment resistance. The SCCHN is a heterogeneous group of cancers of the oral cavity, the pharynx and the larynx with poor prognosis despite the aggressive multimodal therapies. In the past decade, significant advances were made in understanding of the molecular and genetic abnormalities leading to oncogenesis in SCCHN. RECENT FINDINGS Besides EGFR targeting agents, antiangiogenic agents have been shown to produce antitumor activity in these tumors. The cyclin D-cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) 4/6-inhibitor of CDK4 (INK4)-retinoblastoma (Rb) pathway regulates cellular proliferation by controlling the G1 to S cell cycle checkpoint. In SCCHN, the Rb pathway is frequently altered through amplification of CCND1 (cyclin D1) or deletion of CDKN2A (cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 2A) coding for p16INK4A, and thus promoting proliferation. This article summarizes what we actually know of the place of CDK4/6 inhibitors in the therapeutic arsenal of SCCHN. CDK4/6 inhibitors could serve as a method to target these tumors, and both p16 loss and CCND1 amplification could be investigated as biomarkers.
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17
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Meng J, Tagalakis AD, Hart SL. Silencing E3 Ubiqutin ligase ITCH as a potential therapy to enhance chemotherapy efficacy in p53 mutant neuroblastoma cells. Sci Rep 2020; 10:1046. [PMID: 31974512 PMCID: PMC6978385 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-57854-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
P53 mutations are responsible for drug-resistance of tumour cells which impacts on the efficacy of treatment. Alternative tumour suppressor pathways need to be explored to treat p53- deficient tumours. The E3 ubiquitin ligase, ITCH, negatively regulates the tumour suppressor protein TP73, providing a therapeutic target to enhance the sensitivity of the tumour cells to the treatment. In the present study, two p53-mutant neuroblastoma cell lines were used as in vitro models. Using immunostaining, western blot and qPCR methods, we firstly identified that ITCH was expressed on p53-mutant neuroblastoma cell lines. Transfection of these cell lines with ITCH siRNA could effectively silence the ITCH expression, and result in the stabilization of TP73 protein, which mediated the apoptosis of the neuroblastoma cells upon irradiation treatment. Finally, in vivo delivery of the ITCH siRNA using nanoparticles to the neuroblastoma xenograft mouse model showed around 15-20% ITCH silencing 48 hours after transfection. Our data suggest that ITCH could be silenced both in vitro and in vivo using nanoparticles, and silencing of ITCH sensitizes the tumour cells to irradiation treatment. This strategy could be further explored to combine the chemotherapy/radiotherapy treatment to enhance the therapeutic effects on p53-deficient neuroblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinhong Meng
- Ryboquin Ltd, Ettrick Riverside, Dunsdale Road, Selkirk, TD7 5EB, UK
- Genetics and Genomic Medicine Programme, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, 30 Guilford Street, London, WC1N 1EH, UK
| | - Aristides D Tagalakis
- Genetics and Genomic Medicine Programme, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, 30 Guilford Street, London, WC1N 1EH, UK
- Department of Biology, Edge Hill University, Ormskirk, L39 4QP, UK
| | - Stephen L Hart
- Genetics and Genomic Medicine Programme, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, 30 Guilford Street, London, WC1N 1EH, UK.
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18
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Yanishevski D, McCarville MB, Doubrovin M, Spiegl HR, Zhao X, Lu Z, Federico SM, Furman WL, Murphy AJ, Davidoff AM. Impact of MYCN status on response of high-risk neuroblastoma to neoadjuvant chemotherapy. J Pediatr Surg 2020; 55:130-134. [PMID: 31685267 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2019.09.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2019] [Accepted: 09/29/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/PURPOSE MYCN-amplification in neuroblastoma is associated with an aggressive clinical phenotype. We evaluated the association of MYCN amplification with tumor response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy. METHODS Primary tumor response, assessed by percentage volume change on CT scan and degree of tumor resection, assessed by the operating surgeon, were retrospectively compared in 84 high-risk neuroblastoma patients. There were thirty-four (40%) with MYCN-amplified tumors and fifty (60%) with non-amplified tumors treated at our institution from 1999 to 2016. Metastatic disease response was assessed on MIBG scan by change in Curie score. RESULTS MYCN-amplification was associated with a greater mean percentage reduction in primary tumor volume after neoadjuvant chemotherapy (72.27% versus 46.83% [non-amplified tumors], p = 0.001). The percentage of patients with a Curie score > 2 at diagnosis who then had a score ≤ 2 after neoadjuvant chemotherapy was not significantly different (8 [61.5%] and 8 [34.8%], respectively, p = 0.37). Twenty-eight (85.7%) patients with MYCN-amplification had ≥90% surgical resection compared to 45 (91.84%) patients with non-amplified tumors (p = 0.303). CONCLUSIONS MYCN-amplification in high-risk neuroblastoma was associated with a better response of the primary tumor to neoadjuvant chemotherapy, but not metastatic sites, than in patients with non-amplified tumors. This did not significantly impact the ability to resect ≥90% of the primary tumor/locoregional disease. TYPE OF STUDY Treatment Study LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level III.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Yanishevski
- Department of Surgery, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN; College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN
| | - M Beth McCarville
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis,TN
| | - Mikhail Doubrovin
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis,TN
| | - Hannah R Spiegl
- Department of Surgery, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN; College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN
| | - Xiwen Zhao
- Department of Biostatistics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN
| | - Zhaohua Lu
- Department of Biostatistics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN
| | - Sara M Federico
- Department of Oncology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN
| | - Wayne L Furman
- Department of Oncology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN
| | - Andrew J Murphy
- Department of Surgery, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN; Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN
| | - Andrew M Davidoff
- Department of Surgery, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN; Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN.
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19
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Fan TJ, Wu SX, Jiang GJ. Apoptotic effects of norfloxacin on corneal endothelial cells. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2019; 393:77-88. [PMID: 31420720 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-019-01711-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 08/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Norfloxacin, a frequently used ocular antibiotic, might have cytotoxic effect on human corneal endothelial cells (HCECs), subsequently damage the cornea and finally impair human vision. However, the possible mechanisms of cytotoxicity of norfloxacin to HCEC line are unclear. Herein, we investigated the cytotoxicity of norfloxacin and its underlying cellular and molecular mechanisms using in vitro cultured non-transfected HCECs and verified the cytotoxicity with cat corneal endothelium in vivo. In the present study, the cytotoxicity of norfloxacin in the in vitro cultured HCECs was recognized by causing abnormal morphology such as cell shrinkage and detachment from plate bottom, and decline of viability of in vitro cultured HCECs. Then, its cytotoxicity was verified by inducing reduction of cell density and morphological abnormality of in vivo cat corneal endothelial cells. Furthermore, the cytotoxicity of norfloxacin in HCECs was corroborated as apoptosis by elevation of plasma membrane permeability, S phase arrest, phosphatidylserine externalization, DNA fragmentation, and apoptotic body formation in in vitro cultured HCECs and apoptosis-like swollen cells in the in vivo model. Moreover, norfloxacin induced extrinsic death receptor-mediated apoptosis pathway by activating caspase-2/-8/-3 and intrinsic mitochondrion-dependent apoptosis pathway by downregulating anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 and upregulating of pro-apoptotic Bad, which disrupted mitochondrial transmembrane potential, subsequently upregulated cytoplasmic cytochrome c and apoptosis-inducing factor and finally activated caspase-9/-3. Generally, norfloxacin induces HCE cell apoptosis via a death receptor-mediated and mitochondrion-dependent signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting-Jun Fan
- Key Laboratory for Corneal Tissue Engineering, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Yushan Road No. 5, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Shu-Xian Wu
- Key Laboratory for Corneal Tissue Engineering, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Yushan Road No. 5, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Guo-Jian Jiang
- Key Laboratory for Corneal Tissue Engineering, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Yushan Road No. 5, Qingdao, 266003, China.
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20
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Li J, Liu W, Hao H, Wang Q, Xue L. Rapamycin enhanced the antitumor effects of doxorubicin in myelogenous leukemia K562 cells by downregulating the mTOR/p70S6K pathway. Oncol Lett 2019; 18:2694-2703. [PMID: 31404320 PMCID: PMC6676723 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2019.10589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2018] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) is a common hematological malignancy. Some patients progressing to the blast phase develop chemotherapeutic drug resistance. In the authors' previous study, it was found that the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway was activated in CML and that rapamycin inhibited the proliferation of K562 cells. Targeting the mTOR pathway may be used in combination with chemotherapeutic drugs to enhance their efficacy and overcome multidrug resistance. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of rapamycin and doxorubicin on K562 cell proliferation following the combination treatment, and further focus on confirming whether rapamycin enhanced the antitumor effects of doxorubicin by downregulating the mTOR/ribosomal protein S6 kinase (p70S6K) pathway. It was found that rapamycin and doxorubicin significantly decreased the viability of K562 cells. The apoptotic cells were more frequently detected in rapamycin and doxorubicin treatment groups (25.50±1.25%). Both drugs decreased Bcl-2 and increased Bax expression in K562 cells. Rapamycin and doxorubicin also reduced the phosphorylation levels of mTOR and p70S6K. Meanwhile, p70S6K-targeting small interfering (si)RNA and doxorubicin inhibited cell proliferation and regulated key factors of the cell cycle. In addition, the exposure of cells to p70S6K siRNA and doxorubicin significantly increased cell apoptosis, as compared with single treatment. These results suggested that rapamycin could enhance the antitumor effects of doxorubicin on K562 cells by downregulating mTOR/p70S6K signaling. Targeting the mTOR/p70S6K pathway may be a new therapeutic approach for leukemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Li
- Department of Hematology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050000, P.R. China
| | - Wenjing Liu
- Department of Pathology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050000, P.R. China
| | - Hongling Hao
- Department of Hematology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050000, P.R. China
| | - Qiuyi Wang
- Department of Pathology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050000, P.R. China
| | - Liying Xue
- Department of Pathology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050000, P.R. China
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21
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Utnes P, Løkke C, Flægstad T, Einvik C. Clinically Relevant Biomarker Discovery in High-Risk Recurrent Neuroblastoma. Cancer Inform 2019; 18:1176935119832910. [PMID: 30886518 PMCID: PMC6413431 DOI: 10.1177/1176935119832910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2018] [Accepted: 12/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroblastoma is a pediatric cancer of the developing sympathetic nervous system.
High-risk neuroblastoma patients typically undergo an initial remission in
response to treatment, followed by recurrence of aggressive tumors that have
become refractory to further treatment. The need for biomarkers that can select
patients not responding well to therapy in an early phase is therefore needed.
In this study, we used next generation sequencing technology to determine the
expression profiles in high-risk neuroblastoma cell lines established before and
after therapy. Using partial least squares-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) with
least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) and leave-one-out
cross-validation, we identified a panel of 55 messenger RNAs and 17 long
non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) which were significantly altered in the expression
between cell lines isolated from primary and recurrent tumors. From a
neuroblastoma patient cohort, we found 20 of the 55 protein-coding genes to be
differentially expressed in patients with unfavorable compared with favorable
outcome. We further found a twofold increase or decrease in hazard ratios in
these genes when comparing patients with unfavorable and favorable outcome. Gene
set enrichment analysis (GSEA) revealed that these genes were involved in
proliferation, differentiation and regulated by Polycomb group (PcG) proteins.
Of the 17 lncRNAs, 3 upregulated (NEAT1, SH3BP5-AS1, NORAD) and
3 downregulated lncRNAs (DUBR, MEG3, DHRS4-AS1) were also found
to be differentially expressed in favorable compared with unfavorable outcome.
Moreover, using expression profiles on both miRNAs and mRNAs in the same cohort
of cell lines, we found 13 downregulated and 18 upregulated experimentally
observed miRNA target genes targeted by miR-21, -424 and
-30e, -29b, -138, -494, -181a, -34a, -29b,
respectively. The advantage of analyzing biomarkers in a clinically relevant
neuroblastoma model system enables further studies on the effect of individual
genes upon gene perturbation. In summary, this study identified several genes,
which may aid in the prediction of response to therapy and tumor recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Utnes
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Child and Adolescent Health, UNN - University Hospital of North-Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Cecilie Løkke
- Pediatric Research Group, Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Science, The Arctic University of Norway - UiT, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Trond Flægstad
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Child and Adolescent Health, UNN - University Hospital of North-Norway, Tromsø, Norway.,Pediatric Research Group, Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Science, The Arctic University of Norway - UiT, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Christer Einvik
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Child and Adolescent Health, UNN - University Hospital of North-Norway, Tromsø, Norway.,Pediatric Research Group, Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Science, The Arctic University of Norway - UiT, Tromsø, Norway
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22
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Knockdown of long non-coding RNA linc00511 suppresses proliferation and promotes apoptosis of bladder cancer cells via suppressing Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. Biosci Rep 2018; 38:BSR20171701. [PMID: 30042171 PMCID: PMC6131201 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20171701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2017] [Revised: 06/29/2018] [Accepted: 07/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
More and more studies have shown that long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) play critical roles in various biological processes of bladder cancer, including proliferation, apoptosis, migration and cell cycle arrest. LncRNA long intergenic noncoding RNA 00511 (linc00511) is one of the lncRNAs highly expressed in bladder cancer tissues and cells. However, little is known about the roles and mechanisms of linc00511 in bladder cancer. Here, we demonstrated that linc00511 was highly expressed in bladder cancer tissues and cells. Linc00511 knockdown could cause the cell proliferation suppression and cell cycle arrest, which were mediated by p18, p21, CDK4, cyclin D1 and phosphorylation Rb. Suppressed linc00511 could induce the apoptosis in T24 and BIU87 cells via activating the caspase pathway. Down-regulation of linc00511 could also suppress the migration and invasion of T24 and BIU87 cells. In addition, we found that the expression of linc00511 was negatively correlated with that of miR-15a-3p in the clinical bladder cancer samples. Further mechanistic studies showed that linc00511 knockdown induced proliferation inhibition, and apoptosis increase might be regulated through suppressing the activities of Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. Thus, we revealed that knockdown of linc00511 suppressed the proliferation and promoted apoptosis of bladder cancer cells through suppressing the activities of Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. Moreover, we suggested that linc00511 could be a potential therapeutic target and novel biomarker in bladder cancer.
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23
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Liczbiński P, Bukowska B. Molecular mechanism of amygdalin action in vitro: review of the latest research. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol 2018; 40:212-218. [PMID: 29486614 DOI: 10.1080/08923973.2018.1441301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Amygdalin, named as 'laetrile' and 'vitamin B-17' was initially supposed to be a safe drug for cancer treatment and was recognized by followers of natural medicine since it has been considered to be hydrolyzed only in cancer cells releasing toxic hydrogen cyanide (HCN), and thus destroying them. Unfortunately, current studies have shown that HCN is also released in normal cells, therefore it may not be safe for human organism. However, there have still been research works conducted on anti-cancer properties of this compound. In vitro experiments have shown induction of apoptosis by amygdalin as a result of increased expression of Bax protein and caspase-3 and reduced expression of antiapoptotic BcL-2protein. Amygdalin has also been shown to inhibit the adhesion of breast cancer cells, lung cancer cells and bladder cancer cells by decreased expression of integrin's, reduction of catenin levels and inhibition of the Akt-mTOR pathway, which may consequently lead to inhibition of metastases of cancer cells. It has also been revealed that amygdalin in renal cancer cells increased expression of p19 protein resulting in inhibition of cell transfer from G1-phase to S-phase, and thus inhibited cell proliferation. Other studies have indicated that amygdalin inhibits NF-kβ and NLRP3 signaling pathways, and consequently has anti-inflammatory effect due to reducing the expression of proinflammatory cytokines such as pro-IL-1β. Moreover, the effect of amygdalin on TGFβ/CTGF pathway, anti-fibrous activity and expression of follistatin resulting in activation of muscle cells growth has been reported. This compound might be applicable in the treatment of various cancer cell types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Przemysław Liczbiński
- a Department of Biophysics of Environmental Pollution, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection , University of Lodz , Lodz , Poland
| | - Bożena Bukowska
- a Department of Biophysics of Environmental Pollution, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection , University of Lodz , Lodz , Poland
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24
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Shao Y, Shen YQ, Li YL, Liang C, Zhang BJ, Lu SD, He YY, Wang P, Sun QL, Jin YX, Ma ZL. Direct repression of the oncogene CDK4 by the tumor suppressor miR-486-5p in non-small cell lung cancer. Oncotarget 2017; 7:34011-21. [PMID: 27049724 PMCID: PMC5085134 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.8514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2015] [Accepted: 03/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs are a class of non-coding single-stranded RNA, 20-23 nucleotide in length, which can be involved in the regulation of gene expression. Through binding with 3′-untranslated regions (3′-UTR), microRNAs can cause degradation of target mRNAs or inhibition of translation, and thus regulating the expression of genes at the post-transcriptional level. In this study, we found that miR-486-5p was significantly downregulated in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) tissues and cell lines, suggesting that miR-486-5p might function as a tumor suppressor in lung cancer. Additionally, we showed that CDK4, an oncogene that plays an important role in cell cycle G1/S phase progression, was directly targeted by miR-486-5p. Furthermore, our data reveals that knockdown of CDK4 by siRNA can inhibit cell proliferation, promote apoptosis, and impede cell-cycle progression. In epigenetics, the upstream promoter of miR-486-5p was strongly regulated by methylation in NSCLC. Collectively, our results suggest that miR-486-5p could not only inhibit NSCLC by downregulating the expression of CDK4, but also be as a promising and potent therapy in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Shao
- School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu-Qing Shen
- School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan-Li Li
- School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chen Liang
- School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Bing-Jie Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Sheng-Di Lu
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan-Yun He
- School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China.,Experimental Center for Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ping Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiang-Ling Sun
- Central Laboratory, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - You-Xin Jin
- School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhong-Liang Ma
- School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
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25
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HnRNP-L promotes prostate cancer progression by enhancing cell cycling and inhibiting apoptosis. Oncotarget 2017; 8:19342-19353. [PMID: 28038443 PMCID: PMC5386688 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.14258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2016] [Accepted: 12/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Expression of the RNA-binding protein HnRNP-L was previously shown to associate with tumorigenesis in liver and lung cancer. In this study, we examined the role of HnRNP-L in prostate cancer (Pca). We found that HnRNP-L is overexpressed in prostate tissue samples from 160 PC patients compared with tissue samples from 32 donors with cancers other than Pca. Moreover, HnRNP-L positively correlated with aggressive tumor characteristics. HnRNP-L knockdown inhibited cell proliferation and promoted cell apoptosis of Pca cell lines in vitro, and suppressed tumor growth when the cells were subcutaneously implanted in an athymic mouse model. Conversely, overexpression of HnRNP-L promoted cell proliferation and tumor growth while prohibiting cell apoptosis. HnRNP-L promoted cell proliferation and tumor growth in Pca in part by interacting with endogenous p53 mRNA, which was closely associated with cyclin p21. In addition, HnRNP-L affected cell apoptosis by directly binding the classical apoptosis protein BCL-2. These observations suggest HnRNP-L is an important regulatory factor that exerts pro-proliferation and anti-apoptosis effects in Pca through actions affecting the cell cycle and intrinsic apoptotic signaling. Thus HnRNP-L could potentially serve as a valuable molecular biomarker or therapeutic target in the treatment of Pca.
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26
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Tran TH, Shah AT, Loh ML. Precision Medicine in Pediatric Oncology: Translating Genomic Discoveries into Optimized Therapies. Clin Cancer Res 2017; 23:5329-5338. [PMID: 28600472 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-16-0115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2017] [Revised: 04/15/2017] [Accepted: 06/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Survival of children with cancers has dramatically improved over the past several decades. This success has been achieved through improvement of combined modalities in treatment approaches, intensification of cytotoxic chemotherapy for those with high-risk disease, and refinement of risk stratification incorporating novel biologic markers in addition to traditional clinical and histologic features. Advances in cancer genomics have shed important mechanistic insights on disease biology and have identified "driver" genomic alterations, aberrant activation of signaling pathways, and epigenetic modifiers that can be targeted by novel agents. Thus, the recently described genomic and epigenetic landscapes of many childhood cancers have expanded the paradigm of precision medicine in the hopes of improving outcomes while minimizing toxicities. In this review, we will discuss the biologic rationale for molecularly targeted therapies in genomically defined subsets of pediatric leukemias, solid tumors, and brain tumors. Clin Cancer Res; 23(18); 5329-38. ©2017 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thai Hoa Tran
- Department of Pediatrics, Centre Mère-Enfant, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université Laval, Québec, Canada.,Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
| | - Avanthi Tayi Shah
- Department of Pediatrics, Benioff Children's Hospital, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California.,Helen Diller Family Cancer Research Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Mignon L Loh
- Department of Pediatrics, Benioff Children's Hospital, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California. .,Helen Diller Family Cancer Research Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
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27
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Wang J, Li Q, Yuan J, Wang J, Chen Z, Liu Z, Li Z, Lai Y, Gao J, Shen L. CDK4/6 inhibitor-SHR6390 exerts potent antitumor activity in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma by inhibiting phosphorylated Rb and inducing G1 cell cycle arrest. J Transl Med 2017; 15:127. [PMID: 28578693 PMCID: PMC5457542 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-017-1231-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2017] [Accepted: 05/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Cell cycle dysregulation is common in human malignancies, and CDK4/6 inhibitors targeting cell cycle have potential antitumor activity. SHR6390 is a novel small molecule inhibitor specifically targeting the CDK4/6 pathway. However, the role of SHR6390 in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) remains unknown, which will be investigated in our study. Methods Eca 109, Eca 9706, and KYSE-510 ESCC cell lines were chosen for further analysis. The effect of SHR6390 on cell viability, cell cycle and cell apoptosis, the status of kinases in Cyclin D1-CDK4/6-Rb pathway were determined by MTS assay, flow cytometry, and western blotting, respectively. Cell-derived and patient-derived xenografts were established to investigate the effects of drugs in vivo. Results SHR6390 could suppress cell proliferation in vitro cell lines and inhibit tumor growth in vivo PDX models with different drug susceptibility. The effective treatment of SHR6390 induced the inhibition of phosphorylated Rb and cell cycle arrest at G1 phase both in cell lines and in xenografts. SHR6390 combined with paclitaxel or cisplatin offered synergistic inhibitory effects in cell-derived xenografts especially in Eca 9706 xenografts which showed relative lower sensitivity of SHR6390 single. Moreover, low expression of CDK6 and/or high expression of Cyclin D1 might be associated with high sensitivity of SHR6390, which would be validated in the future. Conclusions CDK4/6 inhibitor-SHR6390 exerted potential antitumor activity against ESCC cell lines and xenografts, and evaluation of CDK6 and Cyclin D1 expressions might be helpful to select patients beneficial from SHR6390, which provided evidences for future clinical trials. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12967-017-1231-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayuan Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Fu-Cheng Road 52, Hai-Dian District, Beijing, 100142, China
| | - Qingqing Li
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Fu-Cheng Road 52, Hai-Dian District, Beijing, 100142, China
| | - Jiajia Yuan
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Fu-Cheng Road 52, Hai-Dian District, Beijing, 100142, China
| | - Jingyuan Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Fu-Cheng Road 52, Hai-Dian District, Beijing, 100142, China
| | - Zuhua Chen
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Fu-Cheng Road 52, Hai-Dian District, Beijing, 100142, China
| | - Zhentao Liu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Fu-Cheng Road 52, Hai-Dian District, Beijing, 100142, China
| | - Zhongwu Li
- Department of Pathology, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Fu-Cheng Road 52, Hai-Dian District, Beijing, 100142, China
| | - Yumei Lai
- Department of Pathology, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Fu-Cheng Road 52, Hai-Dian District, Beijing, 100142, China
| | - Jing Gao
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Fu-Cheng Road 52, Hai-Dian District, Beijing, 100142, China.
| | - Lin Shen
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Fu-Cheng Road 52, Hai-Dian District, Beijing, 100142, China.
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28
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Gao L, Zhu H, Fan H, Liu Z. Chloroquine exacerbates serum withdrawal-induced G 1 phase arrest via an autophagy-independent mechanism. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ra06737b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Chloroquine exacerbates serum withdrawal-induced G1 phase arrest via an autophagy-independent, but an oxidative stress-dependent mechanism in endothelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Gao
- Research Institute of Heart Failure
- Shanghai East Hospital
- Tongji University School of Medicine
- Shanghai
- China
| | - Hongming Zhu
- Research Institute of Heart Failure
- Shanghai East Hospital
- Tongji University School of Medicine
- Shanghai
- China
| | - Huimin Fan
- Research Institute of Heart Failure
- Shanghai East Hospital
- Tongji University School of Medicine
- Shanghai
- China
| | - Zhongmin Liu
- Research Institute of Heart Failure
- Shanghai East Hospital
- Tongji University School of Medicine
- Shanghai
- China
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29
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He XY, Tan ZL, Mou Q, Liu FJ, Liu S, Yu CW, Zhu J, Lv LY, Zhang J, Wang S, Bao LM, Peng B, Zhao H, Zou L. microRNA-221 Enhances MYCN via Targeting Nemo-like Kinase and Functions as an Oncogene Related to Poor Prognosis in Neuroblastoma. Clin Cancer Res 2016; 23:2905-2918. [PMID: 28003306 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-16-1591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2016] [Revised: 11/04/2016] [Accepted: 12/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Purpose:MYCN is one of the most well-characterized genetic markers of neuroblastoma. However, the mechanisms as to how MYCN mediate neuroblastoma tumorigenesis are not fully clear. Increasing evidence has confirmed that the dysregulation of miRNAs is involved in MYCN-mediated neuroblastoma tumorigenesis, supporting their potential as therapeutic targets for neuroblastoma. Although miR-221 has been reported as one of the upregulated miRNAs, the interplay between miR-221 and MYCN-mediated neuroblastoma progression remains largely elusive.Experimental Design: The expression of miR-221 in the formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues from 31 confirmed patients with neuroblastoma was detected by locked nucleic acid-in situ hybridization and qRT-PCR. The correlation between miR-221 expression and clinical features in patients with neuroblastoma was assessed. The mechanisms as to how miR-221 regulate MYCN in neuroblastoma were addressed. The effect of miR-221 on cellular proliferation in neuroblastoma was determined both in vitro and in vivoResults: miR-221 was significantly upregulated in neuroblastoma tumor cells and tissues that overexpress MYCN, and high expression of miR-221 was positively associated with poor survival in patients with neuroblastoma. Nemo-like kinase (NLK) as a direct target of miR-221 in neuroblastoma was verified. In addition, overexpression of miR-221 decreased LEF1 phosphorylation but increased the expression of MYCN via targeting of NLK and further regulated cell cycle, particularly in S-phase, promoting the growth of neuroblastoma cells.Conclusions: This study provides a novel insight for miR-221 in the control of neuroblastoma cell proliferation and tumorigenesis, suggesting potentials of miR-221 as a prognosis marker and therapeutic target for patients with MYCN overexpressing neuroblastoma. Clin Cancer Res; 23(11); 2905-18. ©2016 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Yan He
- Center for Clinical Molecular Medicine, Children's Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Key Laboratory of Pediatrics in Chongqing, Chongqing International Science and Technology Cooperation Center for Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing, China
| | - Zheng-Lan Tan
- Center for Clinical Molecular Medicine, Children's Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Key Laboratory of Pediatrics in Chongqing, Chongqing International Science and Technology Cooperation Center for Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing, China
| | - Qin Mou
- Center for Clinical Molecular Medicine, Children's Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Key Laboratory of Pediatrics in Chongqing, Chongqing International Science and Technology Cooperation Center for Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing, China
| | - Fang-Jie Liu
- Center for Clinical Molecular Medicine, Children's Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Key Laboratory of Pediatrics in Chongqing, Chongqing International Science and Technology Cooperation Center for Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing, China
| | - Shan Liu
- Center for Clinical Molecular Medicine, Children's Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Key Laboratory of Pediatrics in Chongqing, Chongqing International Science and Technology Cooperation Center for Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing, China
| | - Chao-Wen Yu
- Center for Clinical Molecular Medicine, Children's Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Key Laboratory of Pediatrics in Chongqing, Chongqing International Science and Technology Cooperation Center for Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing, China
| | - Jin Zhu
- Department of Pathology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Lin-Ya Lv
- Department of Oncological Surgery, Children's Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Department of Oncological Surgery, Children's Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Shan Wang
- Department of Oncological Surgery, Children's Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Li-Ming Bao
- Center for Clinical Molecular Medicine, Children's Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Key Laboratory of Pediatrics in Chongqing, Chongqing International Science and Technology Cooperation Center for Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing, China.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Geisel School of Medicine Dartmouth College, Lebanon, New Hampshire
| | - Bin Peng
- Department of Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hui Zhao
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Lin Zou
- Center for Clinical Molecular Medicine, Children's Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Key Laboratory of Pediatrics in Chongqing, Chongqing International Science and Technology Cooperation Center for Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing, China.
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The role of the ATM/Chk/P53 pathway in mediating DNA damage in hand-foot syndrome induced by PLD. Toxicol Lett 2016; 265:131-139. [PMID: 27923599 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2016.11.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2016] [Revised: 11/28/2016] [Accepted: 11/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Pegylated liposomal doxorubicin (PLD) has been approved to treat patients with various types of cancers because it rarely caused side effects, such as cardiotoxicity, in comparison to doxorubicin, but it frequently results in hand-foot syndrome (HFS). This may affect the quality of life and require a reduction in the PLD dose. The pathophysiology of HFS was not well understood. This study was aimed at exploring the mechanism of HFS induced by PLD. We compared the effects of different doses of PLD on the proliferation inhibition and apoptosis in vitro in HaCaT cells and analyzed the skin changes and skin cell DNA damage in vivo using a zebrafish model. The results suggested that very low doses of PLD show a proliferation inhibition (cell cycle arrest at G2/M phase) and an apoptosis phenotype characterized by the ATM/Chk/P53 pathway that mediates DNA damage in vitro in HaCaT cells. In addition, PLD enhanced zebrafish skin pigmentation from the head to the trunk and induced DNA damage (phospho-H2AX staining) and cell death in the skin of zebrafish. The results of the present study suggested potential applications to provide a better understanding of the apoptosis of PLD-treated skin cells and described a simple methodology for detecting a PLD-induced DNA damage response in zebrafish, which may be helpful in preventing and treating HFS.
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31
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Pikman Y, Alexe G, Roti G, Conway AS, Furman A, Lee ES, Place AE, Kim S, Saran C, Modiste R, Weinstock DM, Harris M, Kung AL, Silverman LB, Stegmaier K. Synergistic Drug Combinations with a CDK4/6 Inhibitor in T-cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia. Clin Cancer Res 2016; 23:1012-1024. [PMID: 28151717 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-15-2869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2015] [Revised: 09/20/2016] [Accepted: 10/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Purpose: Although significant progress has been made in the treatment of T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL), many patients will require additional therapy for relapsed/refractory disease. Cyclin D3 (CCND3) and CDK6 are highly expressed in T-ALL and have been effectively targeted in mutant NOTCH1-driven mouse models of this disease with a CDK4/6 small-molecule inhibitor. Combination therapy, however, will be needed for the successful treatment of human disease.Experimental Design: We performed preclinical drug testing using a panel of T-ALL cell lines first with LEE011, a CDK4/6 inhibitor, and next with the combination of LEE011 with a panel of drugs relevant to T-ALL treatment. We then tested the combination of LEE011 with dexamethasone or everolimus in three orthotopic mouse models and measured on-target drug activity.Results: We first determined that both NOTCH1-mutant and wild-type T-ALL are highly sensitive to pharmacologic inhibition of CDK4/6 when wild-type RB is expressed. Next, we determined that CDK4/6 inhibitors are antagonistic when used either concurrently or in sequence with many of the drugs used to treat relapsed T-ALL (methotrexate, mercaptopurine, asparaginase, and doxorubicin) but are synergistic with glucocorticoids, an mTOR inhibitor, and gamma secretase inhibitor. The combinations of LEE011 with the glucocorticoid dexamethasone or the mTOR inhibitor everolimus were tested in vivo and prolonged survival in three orthotopic mouse models of T-ALL. On-target activity was measured in peripheral blood and tissue of treated mice.Conclusions: We conclude that LEE011 is active in T-ALL and that combination therapy with corticosteroids and/or mTOR inhibitors warrants further investigation. Clin Cancer Res; 23(4); 1012-24. ©2016 AACRSee related commentary by Carroll et al., p. 873.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yana Pikman
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts.,Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Gabriela Alexe
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts.,Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.,Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts.,Bioinformatics Graduate Program, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Giovanni Roti
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts.,Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Amy Saur Conway
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts.,Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Andrew Furman
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts.,Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Emily S Lee
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts.,Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Andrew E Place
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts.,Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Sunkyu Kim
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Chitra Saran
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Rebecca Modiste
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts.,Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - David M Weinstock
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Marian Harris
- Department of Pathology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Andrew L Kung
- Department of Pediatrics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Lewis B Silverman
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts.,Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Kimberly Stegmaier
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts. .,Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.,Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts
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32
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Shan TD, Xu JH, Yu T, Li JY, Zhao LN, Ouyang H, Luo S, Lu XJ, Huang CZ, Lan QS, Zhong W, Chen QK. Knockdown of linc-POU3F3 suppresses the proliferation, apoptosis, and migration resistance of colorectal cancer. Oncotarget 2016; 7:961-75. [PMID: 26510906 PMCID: PMC4808045 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.5830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2015] [Accepted: 09/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Long intergenic noncoding RNAs (lincRNAs) play important roles in regulating the biological functions and underlying molecular mechanisms of colorectal cancer (CRC). Here, we investigated the association of linc-POU3F3 and prognosis in CRC. We demonstrated that linc-POU3F3 was overexpressed in CRC tissues and positively correlated with tumor grade and N stage. Inhibition of linc-POU3F3 resulted in inhibition of cell proliferation and G1 cell cycle arrest, which was mediated by cyclin D1, CDK4, p18, Rb, and phosphorylated Rb. Inhibition of linc-POU3F3 induced apoptosis, and suppressed migration and invasion in LOVO and SW480 cell lines. This inhibition also increased the expressions of epithelial markers and decreased the expressions of mesenchymal markers, thus inhibiting the cancer epithelial-mesenchymal transition. The decreased migration and invasion following linc-POU3F3 knockdown were mediated by an increased BMP signal. Furthermore, autophagy was enhanced by linc-POU3F3 knockdown, suggesting the involvement of autophagy in the induced apoptosis. Collectively, linc-POU3F3 might be crucial in pro-proliferation, anti-apoptosis, and metastasis in LOVO and SW480 cells by regulating the cell cycle, intrinsic apoptosis, BMP signaling and autophagy. Thus, linc-POU3F3 is a potential therapeutic target and novel molecular biomarker for CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ti-Dong Shan
- Department of Gastroenterology and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, People's Republic of China
| | - Ji-Hao Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Yu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie-Yao Li
- Department of Gastroenterology and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin-Na Zhao
- Department of Gastroenterology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510504, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Ouyang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, People's Republic of China
| | - Su Luo
- Department of Gastroenterology and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, People's Republic of China
| | - Xi-Ji Lu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, People's Republic of China
| | - Can-Ze Huang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiu-Shen Lan
- Department of General Surgery, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, People's Republic of China
| | - Wa Zhong
- Department of Gastroenterology and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, People's Republic of China
| | - Qi-Kui Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, People's Republic of China
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33
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Kim PH, Na SS, Lee B, Kim JH, Cho JY. Stanniocalcin 2 enhances mesenchymal stem cell survival by suppressing oxidative stress. BMB Rep 2016; 48:702-7. [PMID: 26424558 PMCID: PMC4791327 DOI: 10.5483/bmbrep.2015.48.12.158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
To overcome the disadvantages of stem cell-based cell therapy like low cell survival at the disease site, we used stanniocalcin 2 (STC2), a family of secreted glycoprotein hormones that function to inhibit apoptosis and oxidative damage and to induce proliferation. STC2 gene was transfected into two kinds of stem cells to prolong cell survival and protect the cells from the damage by oxidative stress. The stem cells expressing STC2 exhibited increased cell viability and improved cell survival as well as elevated expression of the pluripotency and self-renewal markers (Oct4 and Nanog) under sub-lethal oxidative conditions. Up-regulation of CDK2 and CDK4 and down-regulation of cell cycle inhibitors p16 and p21 were observed after the delivery of STC2. Furthermore, STC2 transduction activated pAKT and pERK 1/2 signal pathways. Taken together, the STC2 can be used to enhance cell survival and maintain long-term stemness in therapeutic use of stem cells. [BMB Reports 2015; 48(12): 702-707]
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Affiliation(s)
- Pyung-Hwan Kim
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, College of Medical Science, Konyang University, Daejeon 35365, Korea; Department of Biochemistry, BK21 PLUS Program for Creative Veterinary Science Research, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Sang-Su Na
- Department of Biochemistry, BK21 PLUS Program for Creative Veterinary Science Research, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Bomnaerin Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, BK21 PLUS Program for Creative Veterinary Science Research, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Joo-Hyun Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, BK21 PLUS Program for Creative Veterinary Science Research, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Je-Yoel Cho
- Department of Biochemistry, BK21 PLUS Program for Creative Veterinary Science Research, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
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34
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Yu T, Shan TD, Li JY, Huang CZ, Wang SY, Ouyang H, Lu XJ, Xu JH, Zhong W, Chen QK. Knockdown of linc-UFC1 suppresses proliferation and induces apoptosis of colorectal cancer. Cell Death Dis 2016; 7:e2228. [PMID: 27195675 PMCID: PMC4917661 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2016.124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2015] [Revised: 03/21/2016] [Accepted: 04/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Long intergenic noncoding RNAs (lincRNAs) have important roles in biological functions, molecular mechanisms and prognostic values in colorectal cancer (CRC). In this context, the roles of linc-UFC1 remain to be elucidated. In this study, linc-UFC1 was overexpressed in CRC patient tissues and positively correlated with tumor grade, N stage and M stage. Inhibition of linc-UFC1 resulted in cell proliferation inhibition and G1 cell cycle arrest, which was mediated by cyclin D1, CDK4, Rb and phosphorylated Rb. In addition, inhibition of linc-UFC1 induced cell apoptosis through the intrinsic apoptosis signaling pathway, as evidenced by the activation of caspase-9 and caspase-3. An investigation of the signaling pathway revealed that the effects on proliferation and apoptosis following linc-UFC1 knockdown were mediated by suppression of β-catenin and activation of phosphorylated P38. Furthermore, the P38 inhibitor SB203580 could attenuate the apoptotic effect achieved by linc-UFC1 knockdown, confirming the involvement of P38 signaling in the induced apoptosis. Taken together, linc-UFC1 might have a critical role in pro-proliferation and anti-apoptosis in CRC by regulating the cell cycle, intrinsic apoptosis, and β-catenin and P38 signaling. Thus, linc-UFC1 could be a potential therapeutic target and novel molecular biomarker for CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Yu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - T-D Shan
- Department of Gastroenterology and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - J-Y Li
- Department of Gastroenterology and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - C-Z Huang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - S-Y Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - H Ouyang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - X-J Lu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - J-H Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - W Zhong
- Department of Gastroenterology and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Q-K Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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35
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Wen Q, Fan TJ, Tian CL. Cytotoxicity of atropine to human corneal endothelial cells by inducing mitochondrion-dependent apoptosis. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2016; 241:1457-65. [PMID: 27022135 DOI: 10.1177/1535370216640931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2015] [Accepted: 02/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Atropine, a widely used topical anticholinergic drug, might have adverse effects on human corneas in vivo. However, its cytotoxic effect on human corneal endothelium (HCE) and its possible mechanisms are unclear. Here, we investigated the cytotoxicity of atropine and its underlying cellular and molecular mechanisms using an in vitro model of HCE cells and verified the cytotoxicity using cat corneal endothelium (CCE) in vivo. Our results showed that atropine at concentrations above 0.3125 g/L could induce abnormal morphology and viability decline in a dose- and time-dependent manner in vitro. The cytotoxicity of atropine was proven by the induced density decrease and abnormality of morphology and ultrastructure of CCE cells in vivo. Meanwhile, atropine could also induce dose- and time-dependent elevation of plasma membrane permeability, G1 phase arrest, phosphatidylserine externalization, DNA fragmentation, and apoptotic body formation of HCE cells. Moreover, 2.5 g/L atropine could also induce caspase-2/-3/-9 activation, mitochondrial transmembrane potential disruption, downregulation of anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL, upregulation of pro-apoptotic Bax and Bad, and upregulation of cytoplasmic cytochrome c and apoptosis-inducing factor. In conclusion, atropine above 1/128 of its clinical therapeutic dosage has a dose- and time-dependent cytotoxicity to HCE cells in vitro which is confirmed by CCE cells in vivo, and its cytotoxicity is achieved by inducing HCE cell apoptosis via a death receptor-mediated mitochondrion-dependent signaling pathway. Our findings provide new insights into the cytotoxicity and apoptosis-inducing effect of atropine which should be used with great caution in eye clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Wen
- Laboratory for Corneal Tissue Engineering, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, Shandong Province, China
| | - Ting-Jun Fan
- Laboratory for Corneal Tissue Engineering, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, Shandong Province, China
| | - Cheng-Lei Tian
- Laboratory for Corneal Tissue Engineering, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, Shandong Province, China
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36
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Hamilton E, Infante JR. Targeting CDK4/6 in patients with cancer. Cancer Treat Rev 2016; 45:129-38. [PMID: 27017286 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctrv.2016.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 293] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2015] [Revised: 03/01/2016] [Accepted: 03/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The cyclin D-cyclin dependent kinase (CDK) 4/6-inhibitor of CDK4 (INK4)-retinoblastoma (Rb) pathway controls cell cycle progression by regulating the G1-S checkpoint. Dysregulation of the cyclin D-CDK4/6-INK4-Rb pathway results in increased proliferation, and is frequently observed in many types of cancer. Pathway activation can occur through a variety of mechanisms, including gene amplification or rearrangement, loss of negative regulators, epigenetic alterations, and point mutations in key pathway components. Due to the importance of CDK4/6 activity in cancer cells, CDK4/6 inhibitors have emerged as promising candidates for cancer treatment. Moreover, combination of a CDK4/6 inhibitor with other targeted therapies may help overcome acquired or de novo treatment resistance. Ongoing studies include combinations of CDK4/6 inhibitors with endocrine therapy and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) pathway inhibitors for hormone receptor-positive (HR+) breast cancers, and with selective RAF and MEK inhibitors for tumors with alterations in the mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway such as melanoma. In particular, the combination of CDK4/6 inhibitors with endocrine therapy, such as palbociclib's recent first-line approval in combination with letrozole, is expected to transform the treatment of HR+ breast cancer. Currently, three selective CDK4/6 inhibitors have been approved or are in late-stage development: palbociclib (PD-0332991), ribociclib (LEE011), and abemaciclib (LY2835219). Here we describe the current preclinical and clinical data for these novel agents and discuss combination strategies with other agents for the treatment of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika Hamilton
- Sarah Cannon Research Institute/Tennessee Oncology PLLC, 250 25th Avenue North, Nashville, TN 37203, United States.
| | - Jeffrey R Infante
- Sarah Cannon Research Institute/Tennessee Oncology PLLC, 250 25th Avenue North, Nashville, TN 37203, United States.
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37
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Zhao F, Lin T, He W, Han J, Zhu D, Hu K, Li W, Zheng Z, Huang J, Xie W. Knockdown of a novel lincRNA AATBC suppresses proliferation and induces apoptosis in bladder cancer. Oncotarget 2015; 6:1064-78. [PMID: 25473900 PMCID: PMC4359217 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.2833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2014] [Accepted: 11/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Long intergenic noncoding RNAs (lincRNAs) play important roles in regulating various biological processes in cancer, including proliferation and apoptosis. However, the roles of lincRNAs in bladder cancer remain elusive. In this study, we identified a novel lincRNA, which we termed AATBC. We found that AATBC was overexpressed in bladder cancer patient tissues and positively correlated with tumor grade and pT stage. We also found that inhibition of AATBC resulted in cell proliferation arrest through G1 cell cycle mediated by cyclin D1, CDK4, p18 and phosphorylated Rb. In addition, inhibition of AATBC induced cell apoptosis through the intrinsic apoptosis signaling pathway, as evidenced by the activation of caspase-9 and caspase-3. The investigation for the signaling pathway revealed that the apoptosis following AATBC knockdown was mediated by activation of phosphorylated JNK and suppression of NRF2. Furthermore, JNK inhibitor SP600125 could attenuate the apoptotic effect achieved by AATBC knockdown, confirming the involvement of JNK signaling in the induced apoptosis. Moreover, mouse xenograft model revealed that knockdown of AATBC led to suppress tumorigenesis in vivo. Taken together, our study indicated that AATBC might play a critical role in pro-proliferation and anti-apoptosis in bladder cancer by regulating cell cycle, intrinsic apoptosis signaling, JNK signaling and NRF2. AATBC could be a potential therapeutic target and molecular biomarker for bladder cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengjin Zhao
- Department of Urology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tianxin Lin
- Department of Urology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Lin Bai-xin Research Center, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wang He
- Department of Urology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jinli Han
- Department of Urology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dingjun Zhu
- Department of Urology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kaishun Hu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weicong Li
- Department of Urology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zaosong Zheng
- Department of Urology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jian Huang
- Department of Urology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenlian Xie
- Department of Urology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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Bosse KR, Maris JM. Advances in the translational genomics of neuroblastoma: From improving risk stratification and revealing novel biology to identifying actionable genomic alterations. Cancer 2015; 122:20-33. [PMID: 26539795 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.29706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2015] [Revised: 08/13/2015] [Accepted: 08/31/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Neuroblastoma is an embryonal malignancy that commonly affects young children and is remarkably heterogenous in its malignant potential. Recently, the genetic basis of neuroblastoma has come into focus and not only has catalyzed a more comprehensive understanding of neuroblastoma tumorigenesis but also has revealed novel oncogenic vulnerabilities that are being therapeutically leveraged. Neuroblastoma is a model pediatric solid tumor in its use of recurrent genomic alterations, such as high-level MYCN (v-myc avian myelocytomatosis viral oncogene neuroblastoma-derived homolog) amplification, for risk stratification. Given the relative paucity of recurrent, activating, somatic point mutations or gene fusions in primary neuroblastoma tumors studied at initial diagnosis, innovative treatment approaches beyond small molecules targeting mutated or dysregulated kinases will be required moving forward to achieve noticeable improvements in overall patient survival. However, the clonally acquired, oncogenic aberrations in relapsed neuroblastomas are currently being defined and may offer an opportunity to improve patient outcomes with molecularly targeted therapy directed toward aberrantly regulated pathways in relapsed disease. This review summarizes the current state of knowledge about neuroblastoma genetics and genomics, highlighting the improved prognostication and potential therapeutic opportunities that have arisen from recent advances in understanding germline predisposition, recurrent segmental chromosomal alterations, somatic point mutations and translocations, and clonal evolution in relapsed neuroblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristopher R Bosse
- Division of Oncology and Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - John M Maris
- Division of Oncology and Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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39
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Geng X, Xie L, Xing H. PI3K Inhibitor Combined With Chemotherapy Can Enhance the Apoptosis of Neuroblastoma Cells In Vitro and In Vivo. Technol Cancer Res Treat 2015. [PMID: 26224681 DOI: 10.1177/1533034615597366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Activation of the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt signaling pathway is a novel poor prognostic indicator of neuroblastoma (NB), and the positive effects of chemotherapy on NB have been confirmed. In this study, we investigated the effect of small molecule PI3K inhibitor PI103 on chemosensitivity. The PI3K inhibitor cooperates with doxorubicin to synergistically induce apoptosis and to reduce tumor growth of NB in in vitro and in vivo models. Human NB cells, SH-SY5Y and SK-N-BE(2), were treated with PI103 combined doxorubicin-enhanced Bid cleavage, activated Bax, and caspase 3. Activation of caspase 3 was also observed in xenografts of NB in nude mice upon combination of doxorubicin with the specific PI3K inhibitor PI103. Cell viability was assessed with 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assays. Both PI103 and doxorubicin inhibited growth of NB in vitro and PI103 induced a G1 arrest of NB cells. PI103 combined doxorubicin significantly inhibits the growth of established NB tumors, induced apoptosis of tumor cells, and improved the survival of mice in vivo Taken together, our findings suggest that PI3K inhibition seems to be a promising option to sensitize tumor cells for chemotherapy in NB, which may be effective in the treatment of NBs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianjie Geng
- Department of General Surgery, Children's Hospital of Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Lingling Xie
- Division of Surgery, Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Zhangqiu, Shandong, China
| | - Hongshun Xing
- Department of Neurosurgery, People's Hospital of Weifang, Shandong, China
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40
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Yao CX, Shi JC, Ma CX, Xiong CJ, Song YL, Zhang SF, Zhang SF, Zang MX, Xue LX. EGF Protects Cells Against Dox-Induced Growth Arrest Through Activating Cyclin D1 Expression. J Cell Biochem 2015; 116:1755-65. [DOI: 10.1002/jcb.25134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2014] [Accepted: 02/06/2015] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Xia Yao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences; Zhengzhou University; Zhengzhou City Henan 450001 China
| | - Jia-Chen Shi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences; Zhengzhou University; Zhengzhou City Henan 450001 China
| | - Cai-Xia Ma
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences; Zhengzhou University; Zhengzhou City Henan 450001 China
| | - Cheng-Juan Xiong
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences; Zhengzhou University; Zhengzhou City Henan 450001 China
| | - Yang-Liu Song
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences; Zhengzhou University; Zhengzhou City Henan 450001 China
| | - Shu-Feng Zhang
- The People's Hospital of Henan Province; Zhengzhou University; Zhengzhou Henan 450001 China
| | - Shan-Feng Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences; Zhengzhou University; Zhengzhou City Henan 450001 China
| | - Ming-Xi Zang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences; Zhengzhou University; Zhengzhou City Henan 450001 China
| | - Li-Xiang Xue
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences; Peking University; Beijing 100191 China
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41
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Yaswen P, MacKenzie KL, Keith WN, Hentosh P, Rodier F, Zhu J, Firestone GL, Matheu A, Carnero A, Bilsland A, Sundin T, Honoki K, Fujii H, Georgakilas AG, Amedei A, Amin A, Helferich B, Boosani CS, Guha G, Ciriolo MR, Chen S, Mohammed SI, Azmi AS, Bhakta D, Halicka D, Niccolai E, Aquilano K, Ashraf SS, Nowsheen S, Yang X. Therapeutic targeting of replicative immortality. Semin Cancer Biol 2015; 35 Suppl:S104-S128. [PMID: 25869441 PMCID: PMC4600408 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2015.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2014] [Revised: 03/06/2015] [Accepted: 03/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
One of the hallmarks of malignant cell populations is the ability to undergo continuous proliferation. This property allows clonal lineages to acquire sequential aberrations that can fuel increasingly autonomous growth, invasiveness, and therapeutic resistance. Innate cellular mechanisms have evolved to regulate replicative potential as a hedge against malignant progression. When activated in the absence of normal terminal differentiation cues, these mechanisms can result in a state of persistent cytostasis. This state, termed “senescence,” can be triggered by intrinsic cellular processes such as telomere dysfunction and oncogene expression, and by exogenous factors such as DNA damaging agents or oxidative environments. Despite differences in upstream signaling, senescence often involves convergent interdependent activation of tumor suppressors p53 and p16/pRB, but can be induced, albeit with reduced sensitivity, when these suppressors are compromised. Doses of conventional genotoxic drugs required to achieve cancer cell senescence are often much lower than doses required to achieve outright cell death. Additional therapies, such as those targeting cyclin dependent kinases or components of the PI3K signaling pathway, may induce senescence specifically in cancer cells by circumventing defects in tumor suppressor pathways or exploiting cancer cells’ heightened requirements for telomerase. Such treatments sufficient to induce cancer cell senescence could provide increased patient survival with fewer and less severe side effects than conventional cytotoxic regimens. This positive aspect is countered by important caveats regarding senescence reversibility, genomic instability, and paracrine effects that may increase heterogeneity and adaptive resistance of surviving cancer cells. Nevertheless, agents that effectively disrupt replicative immortality will likely be valuable components of new combinatorial approaches to cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Yaswen
- Life Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Berkeley, CA, United States.
| | - Karen L MacKenzie
- Children's Cancer Institute Australia, Kensington, New South Wales, Australia.
| | | | | | | | - Jiyue Zhu
- Washington State University College of Pharmacy, Pullman, WA, United States.
| | | | | | - Amancio Carnero
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, HUVR, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas, Universdad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Amr Amin
- United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates; Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Bill Helferich
- University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign, Champaign, IL, United States
| | | | - Gunjan Guha
- SASTRA University, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, India
| | | | - Sophie Chen
- Ovarian and Prostate Cancer Research Trust, Guildford, Surrey, United Kingdom
| | | | - Asfar S Azmi
- Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, United States
| | | | | | | | | | - S Salman Ashraf
- United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates; Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | | | - Xujuan Yang
- University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign, Champaign, IL, United States
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42
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Meyerowitz JG, Weiss WA, Gustafson WC. A new "angle" on kinase inhibitor design: Prioritizing amphosteric activity above kinase inhibition. Mol Cell Oncol 2015; 2:e975641. [PMID: 27308435 PMCID: PMC4904880 DOI: 10.4161/23723556.2014.975641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2014] [Revised: 10/02/2014] [Accepted: 10/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The MYCN oncoprotein has remained an elusive target for decades. We recently reported a new class of kinase inhibitors designed to disrupt the conformation of Aurora kinase A enough to block its kinase-independent interaction with MYCN, resulting in potent degradation of MYCN. These studies provide proof-of-principle for a new method of targeting enzyme activity-independent functions of kinases and other enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin G Meyerowitz
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology; School of Medicine; Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center
| | - William A Weiss
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center; Departments of Neurology and Neurosurgery; University of California San Francisco; San Francisco, CA USA
| | - W Clay Gustafson
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center; Department of Pediatrics; UCSF Benioff Children's Hospital
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43
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Wen Q, Fan T, Bai S, Sui Y. Cytotoxicity of proparacaine to human corneal endothelial cells in vitro . J Toxicol Sci 2015; 40:427-36. [DOI: 10.2131/jts.40.427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qian Wen
- Laboratory for Corneal Tissue Engineering, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, China
| | - Tingjun Fan
- Laboratory for Corneal Tissue Engineering, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, China
| | - Suran Bai
- Laboratory for Corneal Tissue Engineering, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, China
| | - Yunlong Sui
- Laboratory for Corneal Tissue Engineering, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, China
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44
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Gustafson WC, Meyerowitz JG, Nekritz EA, Chen J, Benes C, Charron E, Simonds EF, Seeger R, Matthay KK, Hertz NT, Eilers M, Shokat KM, Weiss WA. Drugging MYCN through an allosteric transition in Aurora kinase A. Cancer Cell 2014; 26:414-427. [PMID: 25175806 PMCID: PMC4160413 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2014.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 210] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2013] [Revised: 05/31/2014] [Accepted: 07/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
MYC proteins are major drivers of cancer yet are considered undruggable because their DNA binding domains are composed of two extended alpha helices with no apparent surfaces for small-molecule binding. Proteolytic degradation of MYCN protein is regulated in part by a kinase-independent function of Aurora A. We describe a class of inhibitors that disrupts the native conformation of Aurora A and drives the degradation of MYCN protein across MYCN-driven cancers. Comparison of cocrystal structures with structure-activity relationships across multiple inhibitors and chemotypes, coupled with mechanistic studies and biochemical assays, delineates an Aurora A conformation-specific effect on proteolytic degradation of MYCN, rather than simple nanomolar-level inhibition of Aurora A kinase activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Clay Gustafson
- Department of Pediatrics, UCSF Benioff Children's Hospital, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Justin Gabriel Meyerowitz
- Departments of Neurology and Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Erin A Nekritz
- Department of Pediatrics, UCSF Benioff Children's Hospital, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Justin Chen
- Departments of Neurology and Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Cyril Benes
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02114, USA
| | - Elise Charron
- Department of Pediatrics, UCSF Benioff Children's Hospital, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Departments of Neurology and Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Erin F Simonds
- Departments of Neurology and Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Robert Seeger
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, 4650 Sunset Boulevard, Mailstop #57, Los Angeles, CA 90027, USA
| | - Katherine K Matthay
- Department of Pediatrics, UCSF Benioff Children's Hospital, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Nicholas T Hertz
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Martin Eilers
- Theodor Boveri Institute, Biocenter, University of Wurzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Kevan M Shokat
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - William A Weiss
- Department of Pediatrics, UCSF Benioff Children's Hospital, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Departments of Neurology and Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.
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45
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Makarević J, Rutz J, Juengel E, Kaulfuss S, Reiter M, Tsaur I, Bartsch G, Haferkamp A, Blaheta RA. Amygdalin blocks bladder cancer cell growth in vitro by diminishing cyclin A and cdk2. PLoS One 2014; 9:e105590. [PMID: 25136960 PMCID: PMC4138189 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0105590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2014] [Accepted: 07/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Amygdalin, a natural compound, has been used by many cancer patients as an alternative approach to treat their illness. However, whether or not this substance truly exerts an anti-tumor effect has never been settled. An in vitro study was initiated to investigate the influence of amygdalin (1.25–10 mg/ml) on the growth of a panel of bladder cancer cell lines (UMUC-3, RT112 and TCCSUP). Tumor growth, proliferation, clonal growth and cell cycle progression were investigated. The cell cycle regulating proteins cdk1, cdk2, cdk4, cyclin A, cyclin B, cyclin D1, p19, p27 as well as the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) related signals phosphoAkt, phosphoRaptor and phosphoRictor were examined. Amygdalin dose-dependently reduced growth and proliferation in all three bladder cancer cell lines, reflected in a significant delay in cell cycle progression and G0/G1 arrest. Molecular evaluation revealed diminished phosphoAkt, phosphoRictor and loss of Cdk and cyclin components. Since the most outstanding effects of amygdalin were observed on the cdk2-cyclin A axis, siRNA knock down studies were carried out, revealing a positive correlation between cdk2/cyclin A expression level and tumor growth. Amygdalin, therefore, may block tumor growth by down-modulating cdk2 and cyclin A. In vivo investigation must follow to assess amygdalin's practical value as an anti-tumor drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmina Makarević
- Department of Urology, Goethe University Hospital, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Jochen Rutz
- Department of Urology, Goethe University Hospital, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Eva Juengel
- Department of Urology, Goethe University Hospital, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Silke Kaulfuss
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Michael Reiter
- Department of Urology, Goethe University Hospital, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Igor Tsaur
- Department of Urology, Goethe University Hospital, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Georg Bartsch
- Department of Urology, Goethe University Hospital, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Axel Haferkamp
- Department of Urology, Goethe University Hospital, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Roman A. Blaheta
- Department of Urology, Goethe University Hospital, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- * E-mail:
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46
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Barone G, Anderson J, Pearson ADJ, Petrie K, Chesler L. New strategies in neuroblastoma: Therapeutic targeting of MYCN and ALK. Clin Cancer Res 2013; 19:5814-21. [PMID: 23965898 PMCID: PMC3818140 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-13-0680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Clinical outcome remains poor in patients with high-risk neuroblastoma, in which chemoresistant relapse is common following high-intensity conventional multimodal therapy. Novel treatment approaches are required. Although recent genomic profiling initiatives have not revealed a high frequency of mutations in any significant number of therapeutically targeted genes, two exceptions, amplification of the MYCN oncogene and somatically acquired tyrosine kinase domain point mutations in anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK), present exciting possibilities for targeted therapy. In contrast with the situation with ALK, in which a robust pipeline of pharmacologic agents is available from early clinical use in adult malignancy, therapeutic targeting of MYCN (and MYC oncoproteins in general) represents a significant medicinal chemistry challenge that has remained unsolved for two decades. We review the latest approaches envisioned for blockade of ALK activity in neuroblastoma, present a classification of potential approaches for therapeutic targeting of MYCN, and discuss how recent developments in targeting of MYC proteins seem to make therapeutic inhibition of MYCN a reality in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Barone
- Paediatric Solid Tumour Biology and Therapeutics Team, Division of Clinical Studies, The Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, United Kingdom
- Children’s and Young People’s Unit Royal Marsden NHS Trust, Sutton, United Kingdom
| | - John Anderson
- Unit of Molecular Haematology and Cancer Biology, Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew D. J. Pearson
- Paediatric Solid Tumour Biology and Therapeutics Team, Division of Clinical Studies, The Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, United Kingdom
- Children’s and Young People’s Unit Royal Marsden NHS Trust, Sutton, United Kingdom
| | - Kevin Petrie
- Paediatric Solid Tumour Biology and Therapeutics Team, Division of Clinical Studies, The Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, United Kingdom
| | - Louis Chesler
- Paediatric Solid Tumour Biology and Therapeutics Team, Division of Clinical Studies, The Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, United Kingdom
- Children’s and Young People’s Unit Royal Marsden NHS Trust, Sutton, United Kingdom
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Abstract
Neuroblastoma, the most common extracranial solid tumor of childhood, is thought to originate from undifferentiated neural crest cells. Amplification of the MYC family member, MYCN, is found in ∼25% of cases and correlates with high-risk disease and poor prognosis. Currently, amplification of MYCN remains the best-characterized genetic marker of risk in neuroblastoma. This article reviews roles for MYCN in neuroblastoma and highlights recent identification of other driver mutations. Strategies to target MYCN at the level of protein stability and transcription are also reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miller Huang
- Departments of Neurology, Pediatrics, and Neurosurgery, University of California, San Francisco, California 94158-9001
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