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Thompson Z, Anderson GA, Hernandez M, Alfaro Quinde C, Marchione A, Rodriguez M, Gabriel S, Binder V, Taylor AM, Kathrein KL. Ing4-deficiency promotes a quiescent yet transcriptionally poised state in hematopoietic stem cells. iScience 2024; 27:110521. [PMID: 39175773 PMCID: PMC11340613 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.110521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Revised: 05/14/2024] [Accepted: 07/12/2024] [Indexed: 08/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Defining the mechanisms that regulate stem cell maintenance, proliferation, and differentiation is critical for identifying therapies for improving stem cell function under stress. Here, we have identified the tumor suppressor, inhibitor of growth 4 (Ing4), as a critical regulator of hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) homeostasis. Cancer cell line models with Ing4 deficiency have shown that Ing4 functions as a tumor suppressor, in part, due to Ing4-mediated regulation of several major signaling pathways, including c-Myc. In HSCs, we show Ing4 deficiency promotes gene expression signatures associated with activation, yet HSCs are arrested in G0, expressing several markers of quiescence. Functionally, Ing4-deficient HSCs demonstrate robust regenerative capacity following transplantation. Our findings suggest Ing4 deficiency promotes a poised state in HSCs, where they appear transcriptionally primed for activation but remain in a resting state. Our model provides key tools for further identification and characterization of pathways that control quiescence and self-renewal in HSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zanshé Thompson
- University of South Carolina, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Georgina A. Anderson
- University of South Carolina, Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Marco Hernandez
- University of South Carolina, Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Carlos Alfaro Quinde
- University of South Carolina, Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Alissa Marchione
- University of South Carolina, Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Melanie Rodriguez
- University of South Carolina, Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Seth Gabriel
- University of South Carolina, Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Vera Binder
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Dr. von Hauner Children’s Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians University, 80539 Munich, Germany
| | - Alison M. Taylor
- Columbia University Medical Center, Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Katie L. Kathrein
- University of South Carolina, Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia, SC, USA
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2
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Bhattarai G, Shrestha SK, Sim HJ, Lee JC, Kook SH. Effects of fine particulate matter on bone marrow-conserved hematopoietic and mesenchymal stem cells: a systematic review. Exp Mol Med 2024; 56:118-128. [PMID: 38200155 PMCID: PMC10834576 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-023-01149-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The harmful effects of fine particulate matter ≤2.5 µm in size (PM2.5) on human health have received considerable attention. However, while the impact of PM2.5 on the respiratory and cardiovascular systems has been well studied, less is known about the effects on stem cells in the bone marrow (BM). With an emphasis on the invasive characteristics of PM2.5, this review examines the current knowledge of the health effects of PM2.5 exposure on BM-residing stem cells. Recent studies have shown that PM2.5 enters the circulation and then travels to distant organs, including the BM, to induce oxidative stress, systemic inflammation and epigenetic changes, resulting in the reduction of BM-residing stem cell survival and function. Understanding the broader health effects of air pollution thus requires an understanding of the invasive characteristics of PM2.5 and its direct influence on stem cells in the BM. As noted in this review, further studies are needed to elucidate the underlying processes by which PM2.5 disturbs the BM microenvironment and inhibits stem cell functionality. Strategies to prevent or ameliorate the negative effects of PM2.5 exposure on BM-residing stem cells and to maintain the regenerative capacity of those cells must also be investigated. By focusing on the complex relationship between PM2.5 and BM-resident stem cells, this review highlights the importance of specific measures directed at safeguarding human health in the face of rising air pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Govinda Bhattarai
- Department of Bioactive Material Sciences, Research Center of Bioactive Materials, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, 54896, Republic of Korea
- Cluster for Craniofacial Development and Regeneration Research, Institute of Oral Biosciences and School of Dentistry, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Saroj Kumar Shrestha
- Cluster for Craniofacial Development and Regeneration Research, Institute of Oral Biosciences and School of Dentistry, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Jaung Sim
- Department of Bioactive Material Sciences, Research Center of Bioactive Materials, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, 54896, Republic of Korea
- Cluster for Craniofacial Development and Regeneration Research, Institute of Oral Biosciences and School of Dentistry, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Chae Lee
- Department of Bioactive Material Sciences, Research Center of Bioactive Materials, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, 54896, Republic of Korea.
- Cluster for Craniofacial Development and Regeneration Research, Institute of Oral Biosciences and School of Dentistry, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, 54896, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sung-Ho Kook
- Department of Bioactive Material Sciences, Research Center of Bioactive Materials, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, 54896, Republic of Korea.
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3
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Sun T, Li D, Huang L, Zhu X. Inflammatory abrasion of hematopoietic stem cells: a candidate clue for the post-CAR-T hematotoxicity? Front Immunol 2023; 14:1141779. [PMID: 37223096 PMCID: PMC10200893 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1141779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Chimeric antigen receptor T-cell (CAR-T) therapy has shown remarkable effects in treating various hematological malignancies. However, hematotoxicity, specifically neutropenia, thrombocytopenia, and anemia, poses a serious threat to patient prognosis and remains a less focused adverse effect of CAR-T therapy. The mechanism underlying lasting or recurring late-phase hematotoxicity, long after the influence of lymphodepletion therapy and cytokine release syndrome (CRS), remains elusive. In this review, we summarize the current clinical studies on CAR-T late hematotoxicity to clarify its definition, incidence, characteristics, risk factors, and interventions. Owing to the effectiveness of transfusing hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) in rescuing severe CAR-T late hematotoxicity and the unignorable role of inflammation in CAR-T therapy, this review also discusses possible mechanisms of the harmful influence of inflammation on HSCs, including inflammatory abrasion of the number and the function of HSCs. We also discuss chronic and acute inflammation. Cytokines, cellular immunity, and niche factors likely to be disturbed in CAR-T therapy are highlighted factors with possible contributions to post-CAR-T hematotoxicity.
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4
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Tang X, Wang Z, Wang J, Cui S, Xu R, Wang Y. Functions and regulatory mechanisms of resting hematopoietic stem cells: a promising targeted therapeutic strategy. Stem Cell Res Ther 2023; 14:73. [PMID: 37038215 PMCID: PMC10088186 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-023-03316-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) are the common and essential precursors of all blood cells, including immune cells, and they are responsible for the lifelong maintenance and damage repair of blood tissue homeostasis. The vast majority (> 95%) of HSCs are in a resting state under physiological conditions and are only activated to play a functional role under stress conditions. This resting state affects their long-term survival and is also closely related to the lifelong maintenance of hematopoietic function; however, abnormal changes may also be an important factor leading to the decline of immune function in the body and the occurrence of diseases in various systems. While the importance of resting HSCs has attracted increasing research attention, our current understanding of this topic remains insufficient, and the direction of clinical targeted treatments is unclear. Here, we describe the functions of HSCs, analyze the regulatory mechanisms that affect their resting state, and discuss the relationship between resting HSCs and different diseases, with a view to providing guidance for the future clinical implementation of related targeted treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyu Tang
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Zhenzhen Wang
- Department of Hematology, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 16369 Jingshi Road, Lixia District, Jinan, 250014, China
- Institute of Hematology, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
- Shandong Provincial Health Commission Key Laboratory of Hematology of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Jingyi Wang
- Department of Hematology, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 16369 Jingshi Road, Lixia District, Jinan, 250014, China
- Institute of Hematology, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
- Shandong Provincial Health Commission Key Laboratory of Hematology of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Siyuan Cui
- Department of Hematology, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 16369 Jingshi Road, Lixia District, Jinan, 250014, China
- Institute of Hematology, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
- Shandong Provincial Health Commission Key Laboratory of Hematology of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Ruirong Xu
- Department of Hematology, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 16369 Jingshi Road, Lixia District, Jinan, 250014, China.
- Institute of Hematology, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China.
- Shandong Provincial Health Commission Key Laboratory of Hematology of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China.
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Hematology, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 16369 Jingshi Road, Lixia District, Jinan, 250014, China.
- Institute of Hematology, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China.
- Shandong Provincial Health Commission Key Laboratory of Hematology of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China.
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5
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Gautheron F, Georgievski A, Garrido C, Quéré R. Bone marrow-derived extracellular vesicles carry the TGF-β signal transducer Smad2 to preserve hematopoietic stem cells in mice. Cell Death Discov 2023; 9:117. [PMID: 37019878 PMCID: PMC10076352 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-023-01414-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Revised: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) released by cells in the bone marrow (BM) are important for regulating proliferation, differentiation, and other processes in hematopoietic stem cells (HSC). TGF-β signaling is now well known to be involved in HSC's quiescence and maintenance, but the TGF-β pathway related to EVs is still largely unknown in the hematopoietic system. We found that the EV inhibitor Calpeptin, when injected intravenously into mice, particularly affected the in vivo production of EVs carrying phosphorylated Smad2 (p-Smad2) in mouse BM. This was accompanied with an alteration in the quiescence and maintenance of murine HSC in vivo. EVs produced by murine mesenchymal stromal MS-5 cells also showed presence of p-Smad2 as a cargo. We treated MS-5 cells with the TGF-β inhibitor SB431542 in order to produce EVs lacking p-Smad2, and discovered that its presence was required for ex vivo maintenance of HSC. In conclusion, we revealed a new mechanism involving EVs produced in the mouse BM that transport bioactive phosphorylated Smad2 as a cargo to enhance the TGF-β signaling-mediated quiescence and maintenance of HSC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Carmen Garrido
- UMR1231, Inserm/Université Bourgogne, Dijon, France
- LipSTIC Labex, Dijon, France
- Centre Georges François Leclerc, Dijon, France
| | - Ronan Quéré
- UMR1231, Inserm/Université Bourgogne, Dijon, France.
- LipSTIC Labex, Dijon, France.
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6
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Cell-intrinsic factors governing quiescence vis-à-vis activation of adult hematopoietic stem cells. Mol Cell Biochem 2022; 478:1361-1382. [PMID: 36309884 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-022-04594-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
Hematopoiesis is a highly complex process, regulated by both intrinsic and extrinsic factors. Often, these two regulatory arms work in tandem to maintain the steady-state condition of hematopoiesis. However, at times, certain intrinsic attributes of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) override the external stimuli and dominate the outcome. These could be genetic events like mutations or environmentally induced epigenetic or transcriptomic changes. Since leukemic stem cells (LSCs) share molecular pathways that also regulate normal HSCs, identifying specific, dominantly acting intrinsic factors could help in the development of novel therapeutic approaches. Here we have reviewed such dominantly acting intrinsic factors governing quiescence vis-à-vis activation of the HSCs in the face of external forces acting on them. For brevity, we have restricted our review to the articles dealing with adult HSCs of human and mouse origin that have been published in the last 10 years. Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) are closely associated with various stromal cells in their microenvironment and, thus, constantly receive signaling cues from them. The illustration depicts some dominantly acting intrinsic or cell-autonomous factors operative in the HSCs. These fall into various categories, such as epigenetic regulators, transcription factors, cell cycle regulators, tumor suppressor genes, signaling pathways, and metabolic regulators, which counteract the outcome of extrinsic signaling exerted by the HSC niche.
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7
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Uslu M, Kocabaş F. Development of a novel and synthetic HematoMiR technology that broadly modulates quiescence of stem cells and enhances HSC expansion. Cell Mol Life Sci 2021; 79:68. [PMID: 34971431 PMCID: PMC11072120 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-021-04031-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2021] [Revised: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cell (HSCs) transplantation is the primary therapeutic modality used to treat hematopoietic disorders. It centers on the capability of a small quantity of HSCs to repopulate whole blood lineages. Along with limited availability of suitable donors, the need for sufficient number of donor HSCs is still challenging in clinical relevance. This has been addressed by ex vivo HSC expansion albeit with partial success, and thus development of an alternative strategy that could improve HSC expansion is required. To that end, we aimed to build HematoMiR, an oligo-based technology that broadly targets HSC quiescence factors. Here, we show that HematoMiRs and their combinations targeting over 50 factors involved in HSC quiescence could induce robust ex vivo murine and human HSC expansion. In particular, HematoMiR-5 treatment enhanced cell cycle through down-regulation of negative cell cycle regulators in HSCs. HematoMiR-5 treated HSPCs had reduced DNA damage during the course of ex vivo expansion. Moreover, HematoMiR-5 treatment led to sustained HSC self-renewal ability and a low apoptosis rate. In addition, HematoMiR-5 expanded HSCs demonstrated successful engraftment and repopulation capacity in the recipient animals. Furthermore, combinatorial treatments of HematoMiR-2 and 5 allowed vigorous ex vivo HSC expansion. These findings demonstrate that novel and synthetic HematoMiR technology is feasible for HSC ex vivo expansion through the sequence-dependent modulation of numerous HSC quiescence modulators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merve Uslu
- Regenerative Biology Research Laboratory, Department of Genetics and Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, Yeditepe University, Istanbul, Turkey
- Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences, Yeditepe University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Fatih Kocabaş
- Regenerative Biology Research Laboratory, Department of Genetics and Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, Yeditepe University, Istanbul, Turkey.
- Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences, Yeditepe University, Istanbul, Turkey.
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8
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Endothelial cell-derived angiopoietin-like protein 2 supports hematopoietic stem cell activities in bone marrow niches. Blood 2021; 139:1529-1540. [PMID: 34929029 PMCID: PMC9015010 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2021011644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Endothelial cell-derived ANGPTL2 is important for the maintenance of HSC activities in bone marrow niches. ANGPTL2-mediated signaling pathways enhance PPARδ expression to transactivate G0s2 to sustain HSC activities.
Bone marrow niche cells have been reported to fine-tune hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) stemness via direct interaction or secreted components. Nevertheless, how niche cells control HSC activities remains largely unknown. We previously showed that angiopoietin-like protein 2 (ANGPTL2) can support the ex vivo expansion of HSCs by binding to human leukocyte immunoglobulin-like receptor B2. However, how ANGPTL2 from specific niche cell types regulates HSC activities under physiological conditions is still not clear. Herein, we generated an Angptl2-flox/flox transgenic mouse line and conditionally deleted Angptl2 expression in several niche cells, including Cdh5+ or Tie2+ endothelial cells, Prx1+ mesenchymal stem cells, and Pf4+ megakaryocytes, to evaluate its role in the regulation of HSC fate. Interestingly, we demonstrated that only endothelial cell-derived ANGPTL2 and not ANGPTL2 from other niche cell types plays important roles in supporting repopulation capacity, quiescent status, and niche localization. Mechanistically, ANGPTL2 enhances peroxisome-proliferator-activated receptor D (PPARD) expression to transactivate G0s2 to sustain the perinuclear localization of nucleolin to prevent HSCs from entering the cell cycle. These findings reveal that endothelial cell-derived ANGPTL2 serves as a critical niche component to maintain HSC stemness, which may benefit the understanding of stem cell biology in bone marrow niches and the development of a unique strategy for the ex vivo expansion of HSCs.
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Meinsohn MC, Hughes CHK, Estienne A, Saatcioglu HD, Pépin D, Duggavathi R, Murphy BD. A role for orphan nuclear receptor liver receptor homolog-1 (LRH-1, NR5A2) in primordial follicle activation. Sci Rep 2021; 11:1079. [PMID: 33441767 PMCID: PMC7807074 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-80178-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Liver receptor homolog-1 (NR5A2) is expressed specifically in granulosa cells of developing ovarian follicles where it regulates the late stages of follicle development and ovulation. To establish its effects earlier in the trajectory of follicular development, NR5A2 was depleted from granulosa cells of murine primordial and primary follicles. Follicle populations were enumerated in neonates at postnatal day 4 (PND4) coinciding with the end of the formation of the primordial follicle pool. The frequency of primordial follicles in PND4 conditional knockout (cKO) ovaries was greater and primary follicles were substantially fewer relative to control (CON) counterparts. Ten-day in vitro culture of PND4 ovaries recapitulated in vivo findings and indicated that CON mice developed primary follicles in the ovarian medulla to a greater extent than did cKO animals. Two subsets of primordial follicles were observed in wildtype ovaries: one that expressed NR5A2 and the second in which the transcript was absent. Neither expressed the mitotic marker. KI-67, indicating their developmental quiescence. RNA sequencing on PND4 demonstrated that loss of NR5A2 induced changes in 432 transcripts, including quiescence markers, inhibitors of follicle activation, and regulators of cellular migration and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition. These experiments suggest that NR5A2 expression poises primordial follicles for entry into the developing pool.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Charlotte Meinsohn
- Centre de recherche en reproduction et fertilité, Université de Montréal, 3200 rue Sicotte, St-Hyacinthe, QC, J2S 7C6, Canada
| | - Camilla H K Hughes
- Centre de recherche en reproduction et fertilité, Université de Montréal, 3200 rue Sicotte, St-Hyacinthe, QC, J2S 7C6, Canada
| | - Anthony Estienne
- Centre de recherche en reproduction et fertilité, Université de Montréal, 3200 rue Sicotte, St-Hyacinthe, QC, J2S 7C6, Canada
| | - Hatice D Saatcioglu
- Pediatric Surgical Research Laboratories, Simches Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, 185 Cambridge St., Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - David Pépin
- Pediatric Surgical Research Laboratories, Simches Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, 185 Cambridge St., Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Raj Duggavathi
- Department of Animal Science, McGill University, 21111 Lakeshore Rd., MS1085, Ste-Anne de Bellevue, QC, H9X 3V9, Canada
| | - Bruce D Murphy
- Centre de recherche en reproduction et fertilité, Université de Montréal, 3200 rue Sicotte, St-Hyacinthe, QC, J2S 7C6, Canada.
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10
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Single-cell lineage tracing unveils a role for TCF15 in haematopoiesis. Nature 2020; 583:585-589. [PMID: 32669716 PMCID: PMC7579674 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-020-2503-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2019] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Bone marrow transplantation therapy relies on the life-long regenerative capacity of haematopoietic stem cells (HSCs)1,2. HSCs present a complex variety of regenerative behaviours at the clonal level, but the mechanisms underlying this diversity are still undetermined3–11. Recent advances in single cell RNA sequencing (scRNAseq) have revealed transcriptional differences amongst HSCs, providing a possible explanation for their functional heterogeneity12–17. However, the destructive nature of sequencing assays prevents simultaneous observation of stem cell state and function. To solve this challenge, we implemented expressible lentiviral barcoding, which enabled simultaneous analysis of lineages and transcriptomes from single adult HSCs and their clonal trajectories during long-term bone marrow reconstitution. Differential gene expression analysis between clones with distinct behaviour unveiled an intrinsic molecular signature that characterizes functional long-term repopulating HSCs. Probing this signature through in vivo CRISPR screening, we found the transcription factor Tcf15 to be required, and sufficient, to drive HSC quiescence and long-term self-renewal. In situ, Tcf15 expression labels the most primitive subset of true multipotent HSCs. In conclusion, our work elucidates clone-intrinsic molecular programs associated with functional stem cell heterogeneity, and identifies a mechanism for the maintenance of the self-renewing haematopoietic stem cell state.
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11
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Kim SM, Cho SY, Kim MW, Roh SR, Shin HS, Suh YH, Geum D, Lee MA. Genome-Wide Analysis Identifies NURR1-Controlled Network of New Synapse Formation and Cell Cycle Arrest in Human Neural Stem Cells. Mol Cells 2020; 43:551-571. [PMID: 32522891 PMCID: PMC7332357 DOI: 10.14348/molcells.2020.0071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Revised: 05/01/2020] [Accepted: 05/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Nuclear receptor-related 1 (Nurr1) protein has been identified as an obligatory transcription factor in midbrain dopaminergic neurogenesis, but the global set of human NURR1 target genes remains unexplored. Here, we identified direct gene targets of NURR1 by analyzing genome-wide differential expression of NURR1 together with NURR1 consensus sites in three human neural stem cell (hNSC) lines. Microarray data were validated by quantitative PCR in hNSCs and mouse embryonic brains and through comparison to published human data, including genome-wide association study hits and the BioGPS gene expression atlas. Our analysis identified ~40 NURR1 direct target genes, many of them involved in essential protein modules such as synapse formation, neuronal cell migration during brain development, and cell cycle progression and DNA replication. Specifically, expression of genes related to synapse formation and neuronal cell migration correlated tightly with NURR1 expression, whereas cell cycle progression correlated negatively with it, precisely recapitulating midbrain dopaminergic development. Overall, this systematic examination of NURR1-controlled regulatory networks provides important insights into this protein's biological functions in dopamine-based neurogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soo Min Kim
- Department of Brain Science, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 6499, Korea
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School of Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Korea
| | | | - Min Woong Kim
- Department of Brain Science, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 6499, Korea
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School of Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Korea
| | - Seung Ryul Roh
- Department of Brain Science, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 6499, Korea
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School of Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Korea
| | - Hee Sun Shin
- Department of Brain Science, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 6499, Korea
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School of Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Korea
| | - Young Ho Suh
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea
| | - Dongho Geum
- Department of Medical Science, Korea University Medical School, Seoul 02841, Korea
| | - Myung Ae Lee
- Department of Brain Science, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 6499, Korea
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School of Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Korea
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12
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Park H, Hwang S, Jeong JY, Jung SG, Choi MC, Joo WD, Song SH, Lee C, An HJ. Integrative analysis of transcription factors and microRNAs in ovarian cancer cell spheroids. J Ovarian Res 2020; 13:16. [PMID: 32046751 PMCID: PMC7014770 DOI: 10.1186/s13048-020-00618-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2019] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cancer stem cells (CSCs) can self-renew, proliferate into differentiated cells, or enter a quiescent state and are regarded to cause chemoresistance and recurrence. An integrative analysis of transcription factors (TF) and miRNAs was performed in ovarian CSC-enriched spheroid-forming cells (SFCs) to identify factors relevant to ovarian CSCs. METHODS Fresh tumor cells from three ovarian cancer patients were cultured in standard and in selective medium. The mRNAs and miRNAs that exhibited significant differential expression between SFCs and adherent cells were identified using mRNA and miRNAs microarrays. Target genes of miRNAs were further selected if predicted with TargetScan by half of the miRNAs or more. Gene enrichment analysis was performed on over- or under-expressed mRNAs and target genes of miRNAs using DAVID tools. Complex regulatory networks were combined from TF-genes and miRNA-genes interactions using the MAGIA webtool. RESULTS A total of 1245 mRNA and 55 miRNAs were differentially expressed (p-value< 0.05, paired t-test). Elevation of transcription-related processes and suppression of focal adhesion pathway were noted in SFCs, according to the enrichment analyses. Transcriptional hyperactivity is a known characteristic of the stem cell transcriptome. The integrative network suggested that cell cycle was arrested in SFCs where over-expressed EGR1 and under-expressed MYC and miR-130a-3p had multiple connections with target genes. CONCLUSIONS MYC, EGR1, and miR-130a-3p were hubs in our integrative analysis of ovarian CSC-enriched SFCs, suggesting that ovarian cancer SFCs display a stem cell identity with the quiescent phenotype where adhesion- and cell cycle-related genes were suppressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Park
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine, CHA University, Seongnam, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea
| | - Sohyun Hwang
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, CHA University, Seongnam, 351 Yatap-dong, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, 13496, South Korea
| | - Ju-Yeon Jeong
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, CHA University, Seongnam, 351 Yatap-dong, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, 13496, South Korea
- Institute of Clinical Research, College of Medicine, CHA University, Seongnam, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea
| | - Sang Geun Jung
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine, CHA University, Seongnam, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea
| | - Min Chul Choi
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine, CHA University, Seongnam, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea
| | - Won Duk Joo
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine, CHA University, Seongnam, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea
| | - Seung Hun Song
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine, CHA University, Seongnam, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea
| | - Chan Lee
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine, CHA University, Seongnam, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea
| | - Hee Jung An
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, CHA University, Seongnam, 351 Yatap-dong, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, 13496, South Korea.
- Institute of Clinical Research, College of Medicine, CHA University, Seongnam, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea.
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13
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Peshkova IO, Aghayev T, Fatkhullina AR, Makhov P, Titerina EK, Eguchi S, Tan YF, Kossenkov AV, Khoreva MV, Gankovskaya LV, Sykes SM, Koltsova EK. IL-27 receptor-regulated stress myelopoiesis drives abdominal aortic aneurysm development. Nat Commun 2019; 10:5046. [PMID: 31695038 PMCID: PMC6834661 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-13017-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2018] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is a prevalent life-threatening disease, where aortic wall degradation is mediated by accumulated immune cells. Although cytokines regulate inflammation within the aorta, their contribution to AAA via distant alterations, particularly in the control of hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) differentiation, remains poorly defined. Here we report a pathogenic role for the interleukin-27 receptor (IL-27R) in AAA, as genetic ablation of IL-27R protects mice from the disease development. Mitigation of AAA is associated with a blunted accumulation of myeloid cells in the aorta due to the attenuation of Angiotensin II (Ang II)-induced HSC expansion. IL-27R signaling is required to induce transcriptional programming to overcome HSC quiescence and increase differentiation and output of mature myeloid cells in response to stress stimuli to promote their accumulation in the diseased aorta. Overall, our studies illuminate how a prominent vascular disease can be distantly driven by a cytokine-dependent regulation of bone marrow precursors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iuliia O Peshkova
- Blood Cell Development and Function Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 19111, USA
- Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, 117997, Russia
| | - Turan Aghayev
- Blood Cell Development and Function Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 19111, USA
- Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, 117997, Russia
| | - Aliia R Fatkhullina
- Blood Cell Development and Function Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 19111, USA
| | - Petr Makhov
- Cancer Biology Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 19111, USA
| | - Elizaveta K Titerina
- Blood Cell Development and Function Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 19111, USA
- Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, 117997, Russia
| | - Satoru Eguchi
- Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University Cardiovascular Research Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 19140, USA
| | - Yin Fei Tan
- Genomics Facility, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 19111, USA
| | - Andrew V Kossenkov
- Bioinformatics Facility, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 19104, USA
| | - Marina V Khoreva
- Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, 117997, Russia
| | | | - Stephen M Sykes
- Blood Cell Development and Function Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 19111, USA
| | - Ekaterina K Koltsova
- Blood Cell Development and Function Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 19111, USA.
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14
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Chiang MH, Greb T. How to organize bidirectional tissue production? CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY 2019; 51:15-21. [PMID: 31003119 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2019.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Revised: 03/08/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The cambium is a plant-borne stem cell system producing wood and bast, two distinct types of vascular tissues, in strictly opposite directions. Thereby, the cambium contributes substantially to terrestrial biomass accumulation and represents the basis for the formation of large plant bodies. Although the bidirectional mode of tissue production by a common stem cell pool holds interesting implications for developmental biology, functional domains of the cambium, and their interaction remained poorly defined for decades. Here, we summarize recent findings on domain organization of the cambium and discuss potential mechanisms important for its bipartite organization. By highlighting the conceptual implication for stem cell biology, we integrate our understanding of cambium regulation into a larger context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Hao Chiang
- Centre for Organismal Studies, Heidelberg University, Germany
| | - Thomas Greb
- Centre for Organismal Studies, Heidelberg University, Germany.
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15
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Modulation of Myelopoiesis Progenitors Is an Integral Component of Trained Immunity. Cell 2018; 172:147-161.e12. [PMID: 29328910 PMCID: PMC5766828 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2017.11.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 656] [Impact Index Per Article: 109.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2017] [Revised: 09/19/2017] [Accepted: 11/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Trained innate immunity fosters a sustained favorable response of myeloid cells to a secondary challenge, despite their short lifespan in circulation. We thus hypothesized that trained immunity acts via modulation of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs). Administration of β-glucan (prototypical trained-immunity-inducing agonist) to mice induced expansion of progenitors of the myeloid lineage, which was associated with elevated signaling by innate immune mediators, such as IL-1β and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), and with adaptations in glucose metabolism and cholesterol biosynthesis. The trained-immunity-related increase in myelopoiesis resulted in a beneficial response to secondary LPS challenge and protection from chemotherapy-induced myelosuppression in mice. Therefore, modulation of myeloid progenitors in the bone marrow is an integral component of trained immunity, which to date, was considered to involve functional changes of mature myeloid cells in the periphery. Trained immunity (TI) modulates hematopoietic progenitors in bone marrow TI is associated with adaptations in cell metabolism in progenitors TI increases expansion of hematopoietic progenitors and myelopoiesis TI promotes beneficial responses to systemic inflammation and chemotherapy
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16
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Heterogeneity of Ly6G + Ly6C + Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cell Infiltrates during Staphylococcus aureus Biofilm Infection. Infect Immun 2018; 86:IAI.00684-18. [PMID: 30249747 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00684-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2018] [Accepted: 09/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) are a heterogeneous population of immature monocytes and granulocytes. While neutrophils (polymorphonuclear leukocytes [PMNs]) are classically identified as highly differentiated cells specialized for antimicrobial defense, our laboratory has reported minor contributions of PMNs to the immune response during Staphylococcus aureus biofilm infection. However, these two cell types can be difficult to differentiate because of shared surface marker expression. Here we describe a more refined approach to distinguish MDSCs from PMNs utilizing the integrin receptor CD11b combined with conventional Ly6G and Ly6C expression. This approach separated the Ly6G+ Ly6C+ population that we previously identified in a mouse model of S. aureus orthopedic implant infection into two subsets, namely, CD11bhigh Ly6G+ Ly6C+ MDSCs and CD11blow Ly6G+ Ly6C+ PMNs, which was confirmed by characteristic nuclear morphology using cytospins. CD11bhigh Ly6G+ Ly6C+ MDSCs suppressed T cell proliferation throughout the 28-day infection period, whereas CD11blow Ly6G+ Ly6C+ PMNs had no effect early (day 3 postinfection), although this population acquired suppressive activity at later stages of biofilm development. To further highlight the distinctions between biofilm-associated MDSCs and PMNs versus monocytes, transcriptional profiles were compared by transcriptome sequencing (RNA-Seq). A total of 6,466 genes were significantly differentially expressed in MDSCs versus monocytes, whereas only 297 genes were significantly different between MDSCs and PMNs. A number of genes implicated in cell cycle regulation were identified, and in vivo ethynyldeoxyuridine (EdU) labeling revealed that approximately 50% of MDSCs proliferated locally at the site of S. aureus biofilm infection. Based on their similar transcriptomic profiles to those of PMNs, biofilm-associated MDSCs are of a granulocytic lineage and can be classified as granulocytic MDSCs (G-MDSCs).
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