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Mozafari N, Jahanbekam S, Ashrafi H, Shahbazi MA, Azadi A. Recent Biomaterial-Assisted Approaches for Immunotherapeutic Inhibition of Cancer Recurrence. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2024; 10:1207-1234. [PMID: 38416058 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.3c01347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
Biomaterials possess distinctive properties, notably their ability to encapsulate active biological products while providing biocompatible support. The immune system plays a vital role in preventing cancer recurrence, and there is considerable demand for an effective strategy to prevent cancer recurrence, necessitating effective strategies to address this concern. This review elucidates crucial cellular signaling pathways in cancer recurrence. Furthermore, it underscores the potential of biomaterial-based tools in averting or inhibiting cancer recurrence by modulating the immune system. Diverse biomaterials, including hydrogels, particles, films, microneedles, etc., exhibit promising capabilities in mitigating cancer recurrence. These materials are compelling candidates for cancer immunotherapy, offering in situ immunostimulatory activity through transdermal, implantable, and injectable devices. They function by reshaping the tumor microenvironment and impeding tumor growth by reducing immunosuppression. Biomaterials facilitate alterations in biodistribution, release kinetics, and colocalization of immunostimulatory agents, enhancing the safety and efficacy of therapy. Additionally, how the method addresses the limitations of other therapeutic approaches is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Negin Mozafari
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, 71468 64685 Shiraz, Iran
| | - Sheida Jahanbekam
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, 71468 64685 Shiraz, Iran
| | - Hajar Ashrafi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, 71468 64685 Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mohammad-Ali Shahbazi
- Department of Biomaterials and Biomedical Technology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Amir Azadi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, 71468 64685 Shiraz, Iran
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, 71468 64685 Shiraz, Iran
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2
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Pu Q, Gao H. The Role of the Tumor Microenvironment in Triple-Positive Breast Cancer Progression and Therapeutic Resistance. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:5493. [PMID: 38001753 PMCID: PMC10670777 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15225493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer (BRCA) is a highly heterogeneous systemic disease. It is ranked first globally in the incidence of new cancer cases and has emerged as the primary cause of cancer-related death among females. Among the distinct subtypes of BRCA, triple-positive breast cancer (TPBC) has been associated with increased metastasis and invasiveness, exhibiting greater resistance to endocrine therapy involving trastuzumab. It is now understood that invasion, metastasis, and treatment resistance associated with BRCA progression are not exclusively due to breast tumor cells but are from the intricate interplay between BRCA and its tumor microenvironment (TME). Accordingly, understanding the pathogenesis and evolution of the TPBC microenvironment demands a comprehensive approach. Moreover, addressing BRCA treatment necessitates a holistic consideration of the TME, bearing significant implications for identifying novel targets for anticancer interventions. This review expounds on the relationship between critical cellular components and factors in the TPBC microenvironment and the inception, advancement, and therapeutic resistance of breast cancer to provide perspectives on the latest research on TPBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Pu
- Department of Breast Surgery, Qilu Hospital (Qingdao), Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Qingdao 266035, China;
- Oncology Laboratory, Qilu Hospital (Qingdao), Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Qingdao 266035, China
| | - Haidong Gao
- Department of Breast Surgery, Qilu Hospital (Qingdao), Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Qingdao 266035, China;
- Oncology Laboratory, Qilu Hospital (Qingdao), Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Qingdao 266035, China
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3
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Boraka Ö, Klintman M, Vallon-Christersson J, Zackrisson S, Hall P, Borgquist S, Rosendahl AH. FGF/FGFR1 system in paired breast tumor-adjacent and tumor tissues, associations with mammographic breast density and tumor characteristics. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1230821. [PMID: 37546410 PMCID: PMC10400328 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1230821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Mammographic breast density (MBD) is an established breast cancer risk factor, yet the underlying molecular mechanisms remain to be deciphered. Fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 (FGFR1) amplification is associated with breast cancer development and aberrant FGF signaling found in the biological processes related to both high mammographic density and breast cancer microenvironment. The aim of this study was to investigate the FGF/FGFR1 expression in-between paired tumor-adjacent and tumor tissues from the same patient, and its associations with MBD and tumor characteristics. Methods FGFR1 expression in paired tissues from 426 breast cancer patients participating in the Karolinska Mammography Project for Risk Prediction of Breast Cancer (KARMA) cohort study was analyzed by immunohistochemistry. FGF ligand expression was obtained from RNA-sequencing data for 327 of the included patients. Results FGFR1 levels were differently expressed in tumor-adjacent and tumor tissues, with increased FGFR1 levels detected in 58% of the tumors. High FGFR1 expression in tumor tissues was associated with less favorable tumor characteristics; high histological grade (OR=1.86, 95% CI 1.00-3.44), high Ki67 proliferative index (OR=2.18, 95% CI 1.18-4.02) as well as tumors of Luminal B-like subtype (OR=2.56, 95%CI 1.29-5.06). While no clear association between FGFR1 expression and MBD was found, FGF ligand (FGF1, FGF11, FGF18) expression was positively correlated with MBD. Discussion Taken together, these findings support a role of the FGF/FGFR1 system in early breast cancer which warrants further investigation in the MBD-breast cancer context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Öykü Boraka
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Oncology, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - Marie Klintman
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Oncology, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | | | - Sophia Zackrisson
- Department of Translational Medicine, Diagnostic Radiology, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Per Hall
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Oncology, Södersjukhuset, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Signe Borgquist
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Oncology, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
- Department of Oncology, Aarhus University, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Ann H. Rosendahl
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Oncology, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
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Nallasamy P, Nimmakayala RK, Parte S, Are AC, Batra SK, Ponnusamy MP. Tumor microenvironment enriches the stemness features: the architectural event of therapy resistance and metastasis. Mol Cancer 2022; 21:225. [PMID: 36550571 PMCID: PMC9773588 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-022-01682-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer divergence has many facets other than being considered a genetic term. It is a tremendous challenge to understand the metastasis and therapy response in cancer biology; however, it postulates the opportunity to explore the possible mechanism in the surrounding tumor environment. Most deadly solid malignancies are distinctly characterized by their tumor microenvironment (TME). TME consists of stromal components such as immune, inflammatory, endothelial, adipocytes, and fibroblast cells. Cancer stem cells (CSCs) or cancer stem-like cells are a small sub-set of the population within cancer cells believed to be a responsible player in the self-renewal, metastasis, and therapy response of cancer cells. The correlation between TME and CSCs remains an enigma in understanding the events of metastasis and therapy resistance in cancer biology. Recent evidence suggests that TME dictates the CSCs maintenance to arbitrate cancer progression and metastasis. The immune, inflammatory, endothelial, adipocyte, and fibroblast cells in the TME release growth factors, cytokines, chemokines, microRNAs, and exosomes that provide cues for the gain and maintenance of CSC features. These intricate cross-talks are fueled to evolve into aggressive, invasive, migratory phenotypes for cancer development. In this review, we have abridged the recent developments in the role of the TME factors in CSC maintenance and how these events influence the transition of tumor progression to further translate into metastasis and therapy resistance in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Palanisamy Nallasamy
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198-5870, USA
| | - Rama Krishna Nimmakayala
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198-5870, USA
| | - Seema Parte
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198-5870, USA
| | - Abhirup C Are
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198-5870, USA
| | - Surinder K Batra
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198-5870, USA.
- Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA.
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA.
| | - Moorthy P Ponnusamy
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198-5870, USA.
- Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA.
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA.
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5
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Uray IP, Uray K. Mechanotransduction at the Plasma Membrane-Cytoskeleton Interface. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:11566. [PMID: 34768998 PMCID: PMC8584042 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Mechanical cues are crucial for survival, adaptation, and normal homeostasis in virtually every cell type. The transduction of mechanical messages into intracellular biochemical messages is termed mechanotransduction. While significant advances in biochemical signaling have been made in the last few decades, the role of mechanotransduction in physiological and pathological processes has been largely overlooked until recently. In this review, the role of interactions between the cytoskeleton and cell-cell/cell-matrix adhesions in transducing mechanical signals is discussed. In addition, mechanosensors that reside in the cell membrane and the transduction of mechanical signals to the nucleus are discussed. Finally, we describe two examples in which mechanotransduction plays a significant role in normal physiology and disease development. The first example is the role of mechanotransduction in the proliferation and metastasis of cancerous cells. In this system, the role of mechanotransduction in cellular processes, including proliferation, differentiation, and motility, is described. In the second example, the role of mechanotransduction in a mechanically active organ, the gastrointestinal tract, is described. In the gut, mechanotransduction contributes to normal physiology and the development of motility disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iván P. Uray
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary;
| | - Karen Uray
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
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6
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Lee HS, Lee IH, Kang K, Park SI, Jung M, Yang SG, Kwon TW, Lee DY. Network Pharmacology-Based Dissection of the Comprehensive Molecular Mechanisms of the Herbal Prescription FDY003 Against Estrogen Receptor-Positive Breast Cancer. Nat Prod Commun 2021. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x211044377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer (ERPBC) is the commonest subtype of breast cancer, with a high prevalence, incidence, and mortality. Herbal drugs are increasingly being used to treat ERPBC, although their mechanisms of action are not fully understood. Therefore, in this study, we aimed to analyze the therapeutic properties of FDY003, a herbal anti-ERPBC prescription, using a network pharmacology approach. FDY003 decreased the viability of human ERPBC cells and sensitized them to tamoxifen, an endocrine drug that is widely used in the treatment of ERPBC. The network pharmacology analysis revealed 18 pharmacologically active components in FDY003 that may interact with and regulate 66 therapeutic targets. The enriched gene ontology terms for the FDY003 targets were associated with the modulation of cell survival and death, cell proliferation and growth arrest, and estrogen-associated cellular processes. Analysis of the pathway enrichment of the targets showed that FDY003 may target a variety of ERPBC-associated pathways, including the PIK3-Akt, focal adhesion, MAPK, and estrogen pathways. Overall, these data provide a comprehensive mechanistic insight into the anti-ERPBC activity of FDY003.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ho-Sung Lee
- The Fore, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Forest Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | | | | | | | - Minho Jung
- Forest Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | | | | | - Dae-Yeon Lee
- The Fore, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Forest Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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7
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Reye G, Huang X, Britt KL, Meinert C, Blick T, Xu Y, Momot KI, Lloyd T, Northey JJ, Thompson EW, Hugo HJ. RASSF1A Suppression as a Potential Regulator of Mechano-Pathobiology Associated with Mammographic Density in BRCA Mutation Carriers. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13133251. [PMID: 34209669 PMCID: PMC8269117 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13133251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
High mammographic density (MD) increases breast cancer (BC) risk and creates a stiff tissue environment. BC risk is also increased in BRCA1/2 gene mutation carriers, which may be in part due to genetic disruption of the tumour suppressor gene Ras association domain family member 1 (RASSF1A), a gene that is also directly regulated by tissue stiffness. High MD combined with BRCA1/2 mutations further increase breast cancer risk, yet BRCA1/2 mutations alone or in combination do not increase MD. The molecular basis for this additive effect therefore remains unclear. We studied the interplay between MD, stiffness, and BRCA1/2 mutation status in human mammary tissue obtained after prophylactic mastectomy from women at risk of developing BC. Our results demonstrate that RASSF1A expression increased in MCF10DCIS.com cell cultures with matrix stiffness up until ranges corresponding with BiRADs 4 stiffnesses (~16 kPa), but decreased in higher stiffnesses approaching malignancy levels (>50 kPa). Similarly, higher RASSF1A protein was seen in these cells when co-cultivated with high MD tissue in murine biochambers. Conversely, local stiffness, as measured by collagen I versus III abundance, repressed RASSF1A protein expression in BRCA1, but not BRCA2 gene mutated tissues; regional density as measured radiographically repressed RASSF1A in both BRCA1/2 mutated tissues. The combinatory effect of high MD and BRCA mutations on breast cancer risk may be due to RASSF1A gene repression in regions of increased tissue stiffness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gina Reye
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4006, Australia; (G.R.); (X.H.); (T.B.); (E.W.T.)
- Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, QLD 4102, Australia
| | - Xuan Huang
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4006, Australia; (G.R.); (X.H.); (T.B.); (E.W.T.)
- Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, QLD 4102, Australia
| | - Kara L. Britt
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia;
| | - Christoph Meinert
- Herston Biofabrication Institute, Metro North Hospital and Health Service, Brisbane, QLD 4029, Australia;
- Gelomics Pty. Ltd., Brisbane, QLD 4059, Australia
| | - Tony Blick
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4006, Australia; (G.R.); (X.H.); (T.B.); (E.W.T.)
- Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, QLD 4102, Australia
| | - Yannan Xu
- Central Analytical Research Facility, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia;
| | - Konstantin I. Momot
- Faculty of Science, School of Chemistry and Physics, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia;
| | - Thomas Lloyd
- Department of Radiology, The Princess Alexandra Hospital, Woollongabba, QLD 4102, Australia;
| | - Jason J. Northey
- Department of Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA;
| | - Erik W. Thompson
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4006, Australia; (G.R.); (X.H.); (T.B.); (E.W.T.)
- Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, QLD 4102, Australia
| | - Honor J. Hugo
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4006, Australia; (G.R.); (X.H.); (T.B.); (E.W.T.)
- Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, QLD 4102, Australia
- School of Health and Behavioural Sciences, University of the Sunshine Coast, Sippy Downs, QLD 4556, Australia
- School of Medicine and Dentistry, Griffith University, Birtinya, QLD 4575, Australia
- Correspondence:
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8
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Fernández-Nogueira P, Fuster G, Gutierrez-Uzquiza Á, Gascón P, Carbó N, Bragado P. Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts in Breast Cancer Treatment Response and Metastasis. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:3146. [PMID: 34201840 PMCID: PMC8268405 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13133146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer (BrCa) is the leading cause of death among women worldwide, with about one million new cases diagnosed each year. In spite of the improvements in diagnosis, early detection and treatment, there is still a high incidence of mortality and failure to respond to current therapies. With the use of several well-established biomarkers, such as hormone receptors and human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER2), as well as genetic analysis, BrCa patients can be categorized into multiple subgroups: Luminal A, Luminal B, HER2-enriched, and Basal-like, with specific treatment strategies. Although chemotherapy and targeted therapies have greatly improved the survival of patients with BrCa, there is still a large number of patients who relapse or who fail to respond. The role of the tumor microenvironment in BrCa progression is becoming increasingly understood. Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are the principal population of stromal cells in breast tumors. In this review, we discuss the current understanding of CAFs' role in altering the tumor response to therapeutic agents as well as in fostering metastasis in BrCa. In addition, we also review the available CAFs-directed molecular therapies and their potential implications for BrCa management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Fernández-Nogueira
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Barcelona (IBUB), 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (G.F.); (P.G.); (N.C.)
- Department of Biomedicine, School of Medicine, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gemma Fuster
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Barcelona (IBUB), 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (G.F.); (P.G.); (N.C.)
- Department of Biochemistry & Physiology, School of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Biosciences, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Vic, 08500 Vic, Spain
| | - Álvaro Gutierrez-Uzquiza
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain;
- Health Research Institute of the Hospital Clínico San Carlos, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Pere Gascón
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Barcelona (IBUB), 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (G.F.); (P.G.); (N.C.)
| | - Neus Carbó
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Barcelona (IBUB), 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (G.F.); (P.G.); (N.C.)
| | - Paloma Bragado
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain;
- Health Research Institute of the Hospital Clínico San Carlos, 28040 Madrid, Spain
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9
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Tam SY, Law HKW. JNK in Tumor Microenvironment: Present Findings and Challenges in Clinical Translation. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13092196. [PMID: 34063627 PMCID: PMC8124407 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13092196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Revised: 04/18/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Stress-activated c-Jun N-terminal kinases (JNKs) are members of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs). Apart from having both tumor promoting and tumor suppressing roles in cancers due to its impact on apoptosis and autophagy pathways, JNK also plays complex roles in the heterogeneous tumor microenvironment (TME) and is involved in different tumorigenesis pathways. The JNK pathway influences various stressful and chronic inflammatory conditions along with different cell populations in TME. In this review, we aim to present the current knowledge of JNK-mediated processes in TME and the challenges in clinical translation. Abstract The c-Jun N-terminal kinases (JNKs) are a group of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs). JNK is mainly activated under stressful conditions or by inflammatory cytokines and has multiple downstream targets for mediating cell proliferation, differentiation, survival, apoptosis, and immune responses. JNK has been demonstrated to have both tumor promoting and tumor suppressing roles in different cancers depending on the focused pathway in each study. JNK also plays complex roles in the heterogeneous tumor microenvironment (TME). JNK is involved in different tumorigenesis pathways. TME closely relates with tumor development and consists of various stressful and chronic inflammatory conditions along with different cell populations, in which the JNK pathway may have various mediating roles. In this review, we aim to summarize the present knowledge of JNK-mediated processes in TME, including hypoxia, reactive oxygen species, inflammation, immune responses, angiogenesis, as well as the regulation of various cell populations within TME. This review also suggests future research directions for translating JNK modulation in pre-clinical findings to clinical benefits.
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Berdiel-Acer M, Maia A, Hristova Z, Borgoni S, Vetter M, Burmester S, Becki C, Michels B, Abnaof K, Binenbaum I, Bethmann D, Chatziioannou A, Hasmann M, Thomssen C, Espinet E, Wiemann S. Stromal NRG1 in luminal breast cancer defines pro-fibrotic and migratory cancer-associated fibroblasts. Oncogene 2021; 40:2651-2666. [PMID: 33692466 PMCID: PMC8049869 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-021-01719-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2020] [Revised: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
HER3 is highly expressed in luminal breast cancer subtypes. Its activation by NRG1 promotes activation of AKT and ERK1/2, contributing to tumour progression and therapy resistance. HER3-targeting agents that block this activation, are currently under phase 1/2 clinical studies, and although they have shown favorable tolerability, their activity as a single agent has proven to be limited. Here we show that phosphorylation and activation of HER3 in luminal breast cancer cells occurs in a paracrine manner and is mediated by NRG1 expressed by cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs). Moreover, we uncover a HER3-independent NRG1 signaling in CAFs that results in the induction of a strong migratory and pro-fibrotic phenotype, describing a subtype of CAFs with elevated expression of NRG1 and an associated transcriptomic profile that determines their functional properties. Finally, we identified Hyaluronan Synthase 2 (HAS2), a targetable molecule strongly correlated with NRG1, as an attractive player supporting NRG1 signaling in CAFs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mireia Berdiel-Acer
- grid.7497.d0000 0004 0492 0584Division of Molecular Genome Analysis, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ana Maia
- grid.7497.d0000 0004 0492 0584Division of Molecular Genome Analysis, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany ,grid.7700.00000 0001 2190 4373Faculty of Biosciences, Ruprecht-Karls-University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Zhivka Hristova
- grid.7497.d0000 0004 0492 0584Division of Molecular Genome Analysis, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany ,grid.7700.00000 0001 2190 4373Faculty of Biosciences, Ruprecht-Karls-University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Simone Borgoni
- grid.7497.d0000 0004 0492 0584Division of Molecular Genome Analysis, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany ,grid.7700.00000 0001 2190 4373Faculty of Biosciences, Ruprecht-Karls-University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Martina Vetter
- grid.9018.00000 0001 0679 2801Department of Gynecology, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Sara Burmester
- grid.7497.d0000 0004 0492 0584Division of Molecular Genome Analysis, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Corinna Becki
- grid.7497.d0000 0004 0492 0584Division of Molecular Genome Analysis, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Birgitta Michels
- grid.7497.d0000 0004 0492 0584Division of Molecular Genome Analysis, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Khalid Abnaof
- grid.7497.d0000 0004 0492 0584Division of Molecular Genome Analysis, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ilona Binenbaum
- grid.7497.d0000 0004 0492 0584Division of Medical Informatics for Translational Oncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany ,grid.11047.330000 0004 0576 5395Department of Biology, University of Patras, Patras, Greece ,grid.22459.380000 0001 2232 6894Institute of Chemical Biology, National Hellenic Research Foundation, Athens, Greece
| | - Daniel Bethmann
- grid.9018.00000 0001 0679 2801Institute of Pathology Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Aristotelis Chatziioannou
- grid.22459.380000 0001 2232 6894Institute of Chemical Biology, National Hellenic Research Foundation, Athens, Greece ,e-NIOS PC, Kallithea-Athens, Greece
| | - Max Hasmann
- grid.424277.0Roche Diagnostics, Penzberg, Germany
| | - Christoph Thomssen
- grid.9018.00000 0001 0679 2801Department of Gynecology, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Elisa Espinet
- grid.7497.d0000 0004 0492 0584Divison of Stem Cells and Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany ,grid.482664.aHeidelberg Institute for Stem Cell Technology and Experimental Medicine (HI-STEM), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Stefan Wiemann
- grid.7497.d0000 0004 0492 0584Division of Molecular Genome Analysis, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
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11
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iNOS Expression by Tumor-Infiltrating Lymphocytes, PD-L1 and Prognosis in Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12113276. [PMID: 33167430 PMCID: PMC7694334 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12113276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Revised: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The role of Inducible Nitric Oxygen Synthase (iNOS) in the progression of human malignancies is obscure. We studied the expression patterns of iNOS in non-small-cell lung cancer. iNOS was expressed by cancer cells and cancer-associated fibroblasts. None of these patterns, however, are related to stage or prognosis. Extensive infiltration of the tumor stroma by iNOS-expressing tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (iNOS+TILs) occurred in 48% of cases. This was related to low Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1α (HIF1α) and better overall survival. Expression of Programmed death-ligand 1 PD-L1, however, mitigates the beneficial effect of the presence of iNOS+TIL. An important role of iNOS in anti-neoplastic lymphocyte biology has been brought forward, supporting iNOS+TILs as putative immune response markers. Abstract Background: Inducible Nitric Oxygen Synthase (iNOS) promotes the generation of NO in tissues. Its role in tumor progression and immune response is unclear. Methods: The immunohistochemical expression patterns of iNOS were studied in a series of 98 tissue samples of non-small-cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC), in parallel with the expression of hypoxia and anaerobic metabolism markers, PD-L1 and tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs). Results: iNOS is expressed by cancer cells in 19/98 (19.4%), while extensive expression by cancer-associated fibroblasts occurs in 8/98 (8.2%) cases. None of these patterns relate to stage or prognosis. Extensive infiltration of the tumor stroma by iNOS-expressing TILs (iNOS+TILs) occurs in 47/98 (48%) cases. This is related to low Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1α (HIF1α), high PD-L1 expression and a better overall survival (p = 0.002). Expression of PD-L1, however, mitigates the beneficial effect of the presence of iNOS+TIL. Conclusions: Extensive expression of iNOS by TILs occurs in approximately 50% of NSCLCs, and this is significantly related to an improved overall survival. This brings forward the role of iNOS in anti-neoplastic lymphocyte biology, supporting iNOS+TILs as a putative marker of immune response. The value of this biomarker as a predictive and treatment-guiding tool for tumor immunotherapy demands further investigation.
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Abstract
Despite decades of laboratory, epidemiological and clinical research, breast cancer incidence continues to rise. Breast cancer remains the leading cancer-related cause of disease burden for women, affecting one in 20 globally and as many as one in eight in high-income countries. Reducing breast cancer incidence will likely require both a population-based approach of reducing exposure to modifiable risk factors and a precision-prevention approach of identifying women at increased risk and targeting them for specific interventions, such as risk-reducing medication. We already have the capacity to estimate an individual woman's breast cancer risk using validated risk assessment models, and the accuracy of these models is likely to continue to improve over time, particularly with inclusion of newer risk factors, such as polygenic risk and mammographic density. Evidence-based risk-reducing medications are cheap, widely available and recommended by professional health bodies; however, widespread implementation of these has proven challenging. The barriers to uptake of, and adherence to, current medications will need to be considered as we deepen our understanding of breast cancer initiation and begin developing and testing novel preventives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kara L Britt
- Breast Cancer Risk and Prevention Laboratory, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
- The Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia.
| | - Jack Cuzick
- Centre for Cancer Prevention, Wolfson Institute of Preventive Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Kelly-Anne Phillips
- The Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Department of Medical Oncology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
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13
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Rho GTPases in Gynecologic Cancers: In-Depth Analysis toward the Paradigm Change from Reactive to Predictive, Preventive, and Personalized Medical Approach Benefiting the Patient and Healthcare. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12051292. [PMID: 32443784 PMCID: PMC7281750 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12051292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Rho guanosine triphospatases (GTPases) resemble a conserved family of GTP-binding proteins regulating actin cytoskeleton dynamics and several signaling pathways central for the cell. Rho GTPases create a so-called Ras-superfamily of GTPases subdivided into subgroups comprising at least 20 members. Rho GTPases play a key regulatory role in gene expression, cell cycle control and proliferation, epithelial cell polarity, cell migration, survival, and apoptosis, among others. They also have tissue-related functions including angiogenesis being involved in inflammatory and wound healing processes. Contextually, any abnormality in the Rho GTPase function may result in severe consequences at molecular, cellular, and tissue levels. Rho GTPases also play a key role in tumorigenesis and metastatic disease. Corresponding mechanisms include a number of targets such as kinases and scaffold/adaptor-like proteins initiating GTPases-related signaling cascades. The accumulated evidence demonstrates the oncogenic relevance of Rho GTPases for several solid malignancies including breast, liver, bladder, melanoma, testicular, lung, central nervous system (CNS), head and neck, cervical, and ovarian cancers. Furthermore, Rho GTPases play a crucial role in the development of radio- and chemoresistance e.g. under cisplatin-based cancer treatment. This article provides an in-depth overview on the role of Rho GTPases in gynecological cancers, highlights relevant signaling pathways and pathomechanisms, and sheds light on their involvement in tumor progression, metastatic spread, and radio/chemo resistance. In addition, insights into a spectrum of novel biomarkers and innovative approaches based on the paradigm shift from reactive to predictive, preventive, and personalized medicine are provided.
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14
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Chen Y, Sun F, Zhang Y, Song G, Qiao W, Zhou K, Ren S, Zhao Q, Ren W. Comprehensive molecular characterization of circRNA-associated ceRNA network in constrictive pericarditis. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2020; 8:549. [PMID: 32411772 PMCID: PMC7214901 DOI: 10.21037/atm-20-2912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Background Aberrant gene expression occurs in almost all diseases including constrictive pericarditis (CP). However, the dysregulation of genes underlying the CP remains unclear. This study aims to investigate the potential molecular mechanisms underlying CP and screen hub genes critical for the pathogenesis of CP. Methods Differentially expressed mRNAs, miRNAs, lncRNAs and circRNAs in pericardial tissues were screened using RNA-seq in CP patients and controls. Furthermore, functional annotation analysis and protein-protein interaction (PPI) network were carried out to investigate the potential key pathways and identify hub genes in CP. Subsequently, a ceRNA network was established and the key circRNAs were determined by Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA). Finally, the corresponding RNA-seq results were confirmed and validated with a quantitative real time-PCR (qRT-PCR). Results Functional annotation analysis revealed that differentially expressed mRNAs (DEMs) mainly participated in inflammatory response related pathways and the 10 top genes with the highest degree in PPI network were considered as the hub genes. In addition, a total of 377 regulatory relationships among the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) could be constructed, from which a subsequent ceRNA network was also established, while the circRNAs were further validated with qRT-PCR and the key biological pathways were identified using GSEA as well. Conclusions The genes determined to have altered expression levels in CP may participate in a number of biological signaling processes leading to inflammation and fibrosis frequently encountered in CP, and, therefore, our novel findings may provide an insight into the pathogenesis, molecular biomarkers, and potential therapeutic targets in CP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixin Chen
- Department of Ultrasound, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, China
| | - Feifei Sun
- Department of Ultrasound, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, General Hospital of Northern Military Area, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Guang Song
- Department of Ultrasound, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, China
| | - Wei Qiao
- Department of Ultrasound, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, China
| | - Ke Zhou
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, China
| | - Sihua Ren
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China
| | - Qian Zhao
- Department of Pediatric Urology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, China
| | - Weidong Ren
- Department of Ultrasound, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, China
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15
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Landberg G, Fitzpatrick P, Isakson P, Jonasson E, Karlsson J, Larsson E, Svanström A, Rafnsdottir S, Persson E, Gustafsson A, Andersson D, Rosendahl J, Petronis S, Ranji P, Gregersson P, Magnusson Y, Håkansson J, Ståhlberg A. Patient-derived scaffolds uncover breast cancer promoting properties of the microenvironment. Biomaterials 2019; 235:119705. [PMID: 31978840 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2019.119705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Revised: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Tumor cells interact with the microenvironment that specifically supports and promotes tumor development. Key components in the tumor environment have been linked to various aggressive cancer features and can further influence the presence of subpopulations of cancer cells with specific functions, including cancer stem cells and migratory cells. To model and further understand the influence of specific microenvironments we have developed an experimental platform using cell-free patient-derived scaffolds (PDSs) from primary breast cancers infiltrated with standardized breast cancer cell lines. This PDS culture system induced a series of orchestrated changes in differentiation, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, stemness and proliferation of the cancer cell population, where an increased cancer stem cell pool was confirmed using functional assays. Furthermore, global gene expression profiling showed that PDS cultures were similar to xenograft cultures. Mass spectrometry analyses of cell-free PDSs identified subgroups based on their protein composition that were linked to clinical properties, including tumor grade. Finally, we observed that an induction of epithelial-mesenchymal transition-related genes in cancer cells growing on the PDSs were significantly associated with clinical disease recurrences in breast cancer patients. Patient-derived scaffolds thus mimics in vivo-like growth conditions and uncovers unique information about the malignancy-inducing properties of tumor microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Göran Landberg
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, Sahlgrenska Cancer Center, University of Gothenburg, SE-41390, Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Paul Fitzpatrick
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, Sahlgrenska Cancer Center, University of Gothenburg, SE-41390, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Pauline Isakson
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, Sahlgrenska Cancer Center, University of Gothenburg, SE-41390, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Emma Jonasson
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, Sahlgrenska Cancer Center, University of Gothenburg, SE-41390, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Joakim Karlsson
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, SE-41390, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Erik Larsson
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, SE-41390, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Andreas Svanström
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, Sahlgrenska Cancer Center, University of Gothenburg, SE-41390, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Svanheidur Rafnsdottir
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, Sahlgrenska Cancer Center, University of Gothenburg, SE-41390, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Emma Persson
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, Sahlgrenska Cancer Center, University of Gothenburg, SE-41390, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Anna Gustafsson
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, Sahlgrenska Cancer Center, University of Gothenburg, SE-41390, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Daniel Andersson
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, Sahlgrenska Cancer Center, University of Gothenburg, SE-41390, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Jennifer Rosendahl
- RISE, Research Institutes of Sweden, Bioscience and Materials - Medical Device Technology, SE-50115, Borås, Sweden
| | - Sarunas Petronis
- RISE, Research Institutes of Sweden, Bioscience and Materials - Medical Device Technology, SE-50115, Borås, Sweden
| | - Parmida Ranji
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, Sahlgrenska Cancer Center, University of Gothenburg, SE-41390, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Pernilla Gregersson
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, Sahlgrenska Cancer Center, University of Gothenburg, SE-41390, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ylva Magnusson
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, Sahlgrenska Cancer Center, University of Gothenburg, SE-41390, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Joakim Håkansson
- RISE, Research Institutes of Sweden, Bioscience and Materials - Medical Device Technology, SE-50115, Borås, Sweden
| | - Anders Ståhlberg
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, Sahlgrenska Cancer Center, University of Gothenburg, SE-41390, Gothenburg, Sweden; Wallenberg Center for Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Gothenburg, SE-41390, Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of Clinical Genetics and Genomics, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, SE-41390, Gothenburg, Sweden.
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16
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Jezierska-Drutel A, Attaran S, Hopkins BL, Skoko JJ, Rosenzweig SA, Neumann CA. The peroxidase PRDX1 inhibits the activated phenotype in mammary fibroblasts through regulating c-Jun N-terminal kinases. BMC Cancer 2019; 19:812. [PMID: 31419957 PMCID: PMC6697950 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-019-6031-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 08/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Reactive oxygen species (ROS), including hydrogen peroxide, drive differentiation of normal fibroblasts into activated fibroblasts, which can generate high amounts of hydrogen peroxide themselves, thereby increasing oxidative stress in the microenvironment. This way, activated fibroblasts can transition into cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs). Methods Mammary fibroblasts from either female 8 weeks old PRDX1 knockout and wildtype mice or Balb/c mice were studied for characteristic protein expression using immunofluorescence and immunoblotting. Cancer-associated fibroblasts was examined by transwell migration and invasion assays. The binding of PRDX1 to JNK1 was assessed by co-immuneprecipitation and JNK regulation of CAF phenotypes was examined using the JNK inhibitor SP600125. Extracellular hydrogen peroxide levels were measured by chemiluminescence via the reaction between hypochlorite and luminol. Statistical analyses were done using Students t-test. Results We show here PRDX1 activity as an essential switch in regulating the activated phenotype as loss of PRDX1 results in the development of a CAF-like phenotype in mammary fibroblasts. We also show that PRDX1 regulates JNK kinase signaling thereby inhibiting CAF-like markers and CAF invasion. Inhibition of JNK activity reduced these behaviors. Conclusions These data suggest that PRDX1 repressed the activated phenotype of fibroblasts in part through JNK inhibition which may present a novel therapeutic option for CAF-enriched cancers such as breast cancer. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12885-019-6031-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Jezierska-Drutel
- Department of Pharmacology & Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA.,Department of Cell and Molecular Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA
| | - Shireen Attaran
- Department of Pharmacology & Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA.,Women's Cancer Research Center, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Barbara L Hopkins
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA.,Women's Cancer Research Center, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - John J Skoko
- Department of Pharmacology & Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA.,Women's Cancer Research Center, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Steven A Rosenzweig
- Department of Cell and Molecular Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA
| | - Carola A Neumann
- Department of Pharmacology & Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA. .,Women's Cancer Research Center, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA.
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17
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Kim BG, Sung JS, Jang Y, Cha YJ, Kang S, Han HH, Lee JH, Cho NH. Compression-induced expression of glycolysis genes in CAFs correlates with EMT and angiogenesis gene expression in breast cancer. Commun Biol 2019; 2:313. [PMID: 31428701 PMCID: PMC6694123 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-019-0553-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2019] [Accepted: 07/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor growth increases compressive stress within a tissue, which is associated with solid tumor progression. However, very little is known about how compressive stress contributes to tumor progression. Here, we show that compressive stress induces glycolysis in human breast cancer associated fibroblast (CAF) cells and thereby contributes to the expression of epithelial to mesenchymal (EMT)- and angiogenesis-related genes in breast cancer cells. Lactate production was increased in compressed CAF cells, in a manner dependent on the expression of metabolic genes ENO2, HK2, and PFKFB3. Conditioned medium from compressed CAFs promoted the proliferation of breast cancer cells and the expression of EMT and/or angiogenesis-related genes. In patient tissues with high compressive stress, the expression of compression-induced metabolic genes was significantly and positively correlated with EMT and/or angiogenesis-related gene expression and metastasis size. These findings illustrate a mechanotransduction pathway involving stromal glycolysis that may be relevant also for other solid tumours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baek Gil Kim
- Department of Pathology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- Brain Korea 21 Plus Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jin Sol Sung
- Brain Korea 21 Plus Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yeonsue Jang
- Department of Pathology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yoon Jin Cha
- Department of Pathology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Suki Kang
- Department of Pathology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- Severance Biomedical Science Institute (SBSI), Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyun Ho Han
- Brain Korea 21 Plus Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Joo Hyun Lee
- Brain Korea 21 Plus Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Nam Hoon Cho
- Department of Pathology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- Brain Korea 21 Plus Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- Severance Biomedical Science Institute (SBSI), Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- Global 5-5-10 System Biology, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
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18
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Glynn SA. Emerging novel mechanisms of action for nitric oxide in cancer progression. CURRENT OPINION IN PHYSIOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cophys.2019.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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19
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Lu S, Zhao K, Wang X, Liu H, Ainiwaer X, Xu Y, Ye M. Use of Laplacian Heat Diffusion Algorithm to Infer Novel Genes With Functions Related to Uveitis. Front Genet 2018; 9:425. [PMID: 30349554 PMCID: PMC6186792 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2018.00425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Uveitis is the inflammation of the uvea and is a serious eye disease that can cause blindness for middle-aged and young people. However, the pathogenesis of this disease has not been fully uncovered and thus renders difficulties in designing effective treatments. Completely identifying the genes related to this disease can help improve and accelerate the comprehension of uveitis. In this study, a new computational method was developed to infer potential related genes based on validated ones. We employed a large protein–protein interaction network reported in STRING, in which Laplacian heat diffusion algorithm was applied using validated genes as seed nodes. Except for the validated ones, all genes in the network were filtered by three tests, namely, permutation, association, and function tests, which evaluated the genes based on their specialties and associations to uveitis. Results indicated that 59 inferred genes were accessed, several of which were confirmed to be highly related to uveitis by literature review. In addition, the inferred genes were compared with those reported in a previous study, indicating that our reported genes are necessary supplements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiheng Lu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University Pudong Medical Center, Pudong, China
| | - Ke Zhao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University Pudong Medical Center, Pudong, China
| | - Xuefei Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University Pudong Medical Center, Pudong, China
| | - Hui Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University Pudong Medical Center, Pudong, China
| | - Xiamuxiya Ainiwaer
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University Pudong Medical Center, Pudong, China
| | - Yan Xu
- School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Min Ye
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University Pudong Medical Center, Pudong, China
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20
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Yang F, Xiao Z, Zhang S. Knockdown of miR-194-5p inhibits cell proliferation, migration and invasion in breast cancer by regulating the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. Int J Mol Med 2018; 42:3355-3363. [PMID: 30272253 PMCID: PMC6202083 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2018.3897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2018] [Accepted: 09/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is a major public health concern, due to its increasing incidence and limited effective treatment. The present study aimed to investigate the expression of microRNA (miR)‑194‑5p and its roles in breast cancer. The expression levels of miR‑194‑5p and SRY‑box 17 (SOX17) mRNA were detected in breast cancer tissues and cell lines by reverse transcription‑quantitative polymerase chain reaction. The protein expression levels were determined by western blotting. In addition, MTT, colony formation, scratch and Transwell assays were use to evaluate the characteristics of MCF‑7 cells with miR‑194‑5p knockdown. The target verification of miR‑194‑5p was determined by luciferase reporter assay. Furthermore, tumor‑bearing nude mice with miR‑194‑5p knockdown were used to assess the effects of miR‑194‑5p on tumor activity. In breast cancer tissues, miR‑194‑5p was upregulated, whereas SOX17 was downregulated. In addition, the expression levels of SOX17 and phosphorylated (p)‑β‑catenin in the cytosol and nucleus were increased in the miR‑194‑5p inhibitor group. In addition, cell proliferation, migration and invasion were inhibited in response to miR‑194‑5p knockdown. The luciferase reporter assay confirmed that SOX17 was a target gene of miR‑194‑5p. In the mouse studies, knockdown of miR‑194‑5p suppressed tumor growth and promoted SOX17 expression in nude mice with breast cancer. These findings suggested that knockdown of miR‑194‑5p may increase the expression of SOX17 and regulate the Wnt/β‑catenin signaling pathway in breast cancer cells; therefore, miR‑194‑5p may be considered a potential target for breast cancer prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feibiao Yang
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Yinzhou People's Hospital of Ningbo City, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315040, P.R. China
| | - Zhangsheng Xiao
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Yinzhou People's Hospital of Ningbo City, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315040, P.R. China
| | - Songze Zhang
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Yinzhou People's Hospital of Ningbo City, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315040, P.R. China
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21
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Wang B, Xi C, Liu M, Sun H, Liu S, Song L, Kang H. Breast fibroblasts in both cancer and normal tissues induce phenotypic transformation of breast cancer stem cells: a preliminary study. PeerJ 2018; 6:e4805. [PMID: 29780673 PMCID: PMC5958881 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.4805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2017] [Accepted: 04/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Breast cancer stem cells (BCSCs) are associated with the invasion of breast cancer. In recent years, studies have demonstrated different phenotypes among BCSCs. Furthermore, BCSCs of diverse phenotypes are present at different tumour sites and different histological stages. Fibroblasts are involved in the phenotypic transformation of BCSCs. Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) participate in the induction of epithelial–mesenchymal transition, thereby promoting the acquisition of stem cell characteristics, but little is known about the role of normal fibroblasts (NFs) in the phenotypic transformation of BCSCs or about the effect of CAFs and NFs on BCSC phenotypes. Methods A total of six pairs of primary CAFs and NFs were isolated from surgical samples of breast cancer patients and subjected to morphological, immunohistochemical, cell invasion and proteomics analyses. After establishing a cell culture system with conditioned medium from CAFs and NFs, we used the mammosphere formation assay to explore the effect of CAFs and NFs on the self-renewal ability of BCSCs. The effect of CAFs and NFs on the phenotypic differentiation of BCSCs was further analysed by flow cytometry and immunofluorescence. Results The isolated CAFs and NFs did not show significant differences in cell morphology or alpha-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) expression, but cell invasion and proteomics analyses demonstrated heterogeneity among these fibroblasts. Both CAFs and NFs could promote the generation of BCSCs, but CAFs displayed a greater ability than NFs in promoting mammosphere formation. Conditioned medium from CAFs increased the proportion of aldehyde dehydrogenase-1 positive (ALDH1+) BCSCs, but conditioned medium from NFs was more likely to promote the generation of CD44+CD24− BCSCs from MCF-7 cells. Discussion This study validated the heterogeneity among CAFs and NFs and expanded on the conclusion that fibroblasts promote the generation of cancer stem cells. Our results particularly emphasized the effect of NFs on the phenotypic transformation of BCSCs. In addition, this study further highlighted the roles of CAFs and NFs in the induction of different phenotypes in BCSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bixiao Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Chunfang Xi
- Department of General Surgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Department of Breast Surgery, Shanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Mingwei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, National Center for Protein Sciences, Beijing Proteome Research Center, Beijing, China
| | - Haichen Sun
- Surgery Lab, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Shuang Liu
- Surgery Lab, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Lei Song
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, National Center for Protein Sciences, Beijing Proteome Research Center, Beijing, China
| | - Hua Kang
- Department of General Surgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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22
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Boyd N, Berman H, Zhu J, Martin LJ, Yaffe MJ, Chavez S, Stanisz G, Hislop G, Chiarelli AM, Minkin S, Paterson AD. The origins of breast cancer associated with mammographic density: a testable biological hypothesis. Breast Cancer Res 2018. [PMID: 29514672 PMCID: PMC5842598 DOI: 10.1186/s13058-018-0941-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Our purpose is to develop a testable biological hypothesis to explain the known increased risk of breast cancer associated with extensive percent mammographic density (PMD), and to reconcile the apparent paradox that although PMD decreases with increasing age, breast cancer incidence increases. Methods We used the Moolgavkar model of carcinogenesis as a framework to examine the known biological properties of the breast tissue components associated with PMD that includes epithelium and stroma, in relation to the development of breast cancer. In this model, normal epithelial cells undergo a mutation to become intermediate cells, which, after further mutation, become malignant cells. A clone of such cells grows to become a tumor. The model also incorporates changes with age in the number of susceptible epithelial cells associated with menarche, parity, and menopause. We used measurements of the radiological properties of breast tissue in 4454 healthy subjects aged from 15 to 80+ years to estimate cumulative exposure to PMD (CBD) in the population, and we examined the association of CBD with the age-incidence curve of breast cancer in the population. Results Extensive PMD is associated with a greater number of breast epithelial cells, lobules, and fibroblasts, and greater amounts of collagen and extracellular matrix. The known biological properties of these tissue components may, singly or in combination, promote the acquisition of mutations by breast epithelial cells specified by the Moolgavkar model, and the subsequent growth of a clone of malignant cells to form a tumor. We also show that estimated CBD in the population from ages 15 to 80+ years is closely associated with the age-incidence curve of breast cancer in the population. Conclusions These findings are consistent with the hypothesis that the biological properties of the breast tissue components associated with PMD increase the probability of the transition of normal epithelium to malignant cells, and that the accumulation of mutations with CBD may influence the age-incidence curve of breast cancer. This hypothesis gives rise to several testable predictions. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13058-018-0941-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norman Boyd
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, 610 University Avenue, Room 9-502, Toronto, ON, M5G 2M9, Canada.
| | - Hal Berman
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, 610 University Avenue, Room 9-502, Toronto, ON, M5G 2M9, Canada
| | - Jie Zhu
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, 610 University Avenue, Room 9-502, Toronto, ON, M5G 2M9, Canada
| | - Lisa J Martin
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, 610 University Avenue, Room 9-502, Toronto, ON, M5G 2M9, Canada
| | - Martin J Yaffe
- Imaging Research, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Sofia Chavez
- Imaging Research, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Greg Stanisz
- Imaging Research, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | | | - Salomon Minkin
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, 610 University Avenue, Room 9-502, Toronto, ON, M5G 2M9, Canada
| | - Andrew D Paterson
- Genetics and Genome Biology, Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Divisions of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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23
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Ironside AJ, Jones JL. Stromal characteristics may hold the key to mammographic density: the evidence to date. Oncotarget 2017; 7:31550-62. [PMID: 26784251 PMCID: PMC5058777 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.6912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2015] [Accepted: 01/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
There is strong epidemiological data indicating a role for increased mammographic density (MD) in predisposing to breast cancer, however, the biological mechanisms underlying this phenomenon are less well understood. Recently, studies of human breast tissues have started to characterise the features of mammographically dense breasts, and a number of in-vitro and in-vivo studies have explored the potential mechanisms through which dense breast tissue may exert this tumourigenic risk. This article aims to review both the pathological and biological evidence implicating a key role for the breast stromal compartment in MD, how this may be modified and the clinical significance of these findings. The epidemiological context will be briefly discussed but will not be covered in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alastair J Ironside
- Centre for Tumour Biology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - J Louise Jones
- Centre for Tumour Biology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
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24
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Hamad AM, Ahmed HG. Association of some carbohydrates with estrogen expression in breast lesions among Sudanese females. J Histotechnol 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/01478885.2017.1396067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Abubaker Mansur Hamad
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Alkharj, Saudi Arabia
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25
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Roeke T, Sobral-Leite M, Dekker TJA, Wesseling J, Smit VTHBM, Tollenaar RAEM, Schmidt MK, Mesker WE. The prognostic value of the tumour-stroma ratio in primary operable invasive cancer of the breast: a validation study. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2017; 166:435-445. [PMID: 28795248 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-017-4445-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2017] [Accepted: 08/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The primary aim of the current study is to validate the prognostic relevance of the relative amount of tumour-associated stroma, the tumour-stroma ratio, in a large cohort of primary operable breast cancer patients. METHODS A retrospective cohort study was performed on women diagnosed and treated for primarily operable invasive breast cancer in the period from 1 January 1990 till 31 December 1999. Tumour-stroma ratio was estimated by microscopic evaluation of haematoxylin and eosin tumour slides. Two independent observers (k = 0.68) performed tumour-stroma ratio evaluation in a significant part of the cohort. The prognostic potential with respect to overall, recurrence-free and distant metastasis-free survival was evaluated. RESULTS A total of n = 737 women were evaluated. Median follow-up time was 11.5 years. High stromal content was an independent prognosticator for worse overall (hazard ratio 1.56, p = 0.002, 95% confidence interval 1.18-2.05), distant metastasis-free (hazard ratio 1.52, p = 0.008, 95% confidence interval 1.12-2.06) and recurrence-free survival (hazard ratio 1.35, p = 0.046, 95% confidence interval 1.01-1.81). In subgroups of hormone receptor-positive and lymph node-negative cases, high stromal content was also an independent prognosticator for worse outcome. CONCLUSION Tumour-stroma ratio is an independent risk factor for worse overall, distant metastasis-free and recurrence-free survival in primarily operable breast cancer. However, detailed prospective studies with respect to tumour-stroma ratio are necessary to gain more insight in its prognostic potential in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toni Roeke
- Department of Surgery, Leiden University Medical Centre, Albinusdreef 2, 2300 RC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Marcelo Sobral-Leite
- Division of Molecular Pathology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Tim J A Dekker
- Department of Pathology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Albinusdreef 2, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Jelle Wesseling
- Division of Molecular Pathology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Vincent T H B M Smit
- Department of Pathology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Albinusdreef 2, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Rob A E M Tollenaar
- Department of Surgery, Leiden University Medical Centre, Albinusdreef 2, 2300 RC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Marjanka K Schmidt
- Division of Molecular Pathology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Wilma E Mesker
- Department of Surgery, Leiden University Medical Centre, Albinusdreef 2, 2300 RC, Leiden, The Netherlands.
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26
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Hammer AM, Sizemore GM, Shukla VC, Avendano A, Sizemore ST, Chang JJ, Kladney RD, Cuitiño MC, Thies KA, Verfurth Q, Chakravarti A, Yee LD, Leone G, Song JW, Ghadiali SN, Ostrowski MC. Stromal PDGFR-α Activation Enhances Matrix Stiffness, Impedes Mammary Ductal Development, and Accelerates Tumor Growth. Neoplasia 2017; 19:496-508. [PMID: 28501760 PMCID: PMC5440288 DOI: 10.1016/j.neo.2017.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2017] [Revised: 04/10/2017] [Accepted: 04/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The extracellular matrix (ECM) is critical for mammary ductal development and differentiation, but how mammary fibroblasts regulate ECM remodeling remains to be elucidated. Herein, we used a mouse genetic model to activate platelet derived growth factor receptor-alpha (PDGFRα) specifically in the stroma. Hyperactivation of PDGFRα in the mammary stroma severely hindered pubertal mammary ductal morphogenesis, but did not interrupt the lobuloalveolar differentiation program. Increased stromal PDGFRα signaling induced mammary fat pad fibrosis with a corresponding increase in interstitial hyaluronic acid (HA) and collagen deposition. Mammary fibroblasts with PDGFRα hyperactivation also decreased hydraulic permeability of a collagen substrate in an in vitro microfluidic device assay, which was mitigated by inhibition of either PDGFRα or HA. Fibrosis seen in this model significantly increased the overall stiffness of the mammary gland as measured by atomic force microscopy. Further, mammary tumor cells injected orthotopically in the fat pads of mice with stromal activation of PDGFRα grew larger tumors compared to controls. Taken together, our data establish that aberrant stromal PDGFRα signaling disrupts ECM homeostasis during mammary gland development, resulting in increased mammary stiffness and increased potential for tumor growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anisha M Hammer
- The Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Gina M Sizemore
- The Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Vasudha C Shukla
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Alex Avendano
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Steven T Sizemore
- The Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; Department of Radiation Oncology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Jonathan J Chang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Raleigh D Kladney
- The Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; Department of Molecular Genetics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Maria C Cuitiño
- The Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; Department of Molecular Genetics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Katie A Thies
- The Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Quinn Verfurth
- The Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Arnab Chakravarti
- The Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; Department of Radiation Oncology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Lisa D Yee
- The Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; Department of Surgery, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Gustavo Leone
- The Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; Department of Molecular Genetics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Jonathan W Song
- The Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Samir N Ghadiali
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Michael C Ostrowski
- The Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
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27
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Throckmorton AD, Rhodes DJ, Hughes KS, Degnim AC, Dickson-Witmer D. Dense Breasts: What Do Our Patients Need to Be Told and Why? Ann Surg Oncol 2016; 23:3119-27. [PMID: 27401446 DOI: 10.1245/s10434-016-5400-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
More than 50 % of states have state-mandated density notification for patients with heterogeneously or extremely dense breasts. Increased breast density carries a risk of masking a cancer and delaying diagnosis. Supplemental imaging is optional and often recommended for certain patients. There are no evidence-based consensus guidelines for screening patients with density as their only risk factor. Breast cancer risk assessment and breast cancer prevention strategies should be discussed with women with dense breasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alyssa D Throckmorton
- Department of Surgery, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA. .,Baptist Cancer Center, Memphis, TN, USA.
| | | | - Kevin S Hughes
- Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Amy C Degnim
- Department of Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Diana Dickson-Witmer
- Helen F. Graham Cancer Center and Research Institute, Christiana Care Health System, Newark, DE, USA
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28
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Gruionu G, Bazou D, Maimon N, Onita-Lenco M, Gruionu LG, Huang P, Munn LL. Implantable tissue isolation chambers for analyzing tumor dynamics in vivo. LAB ON A CHIP 2016; 16:1840-1851. [PMID: 27128791 PMCID: PMC5155583 DOI: 10.1039/c6lc00237d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Recruitment of new blood vessels from the surrounding tissue is central to tumor progression and involves a fundamental transition of the normal, organized vasculature into a dense disarray of vessels that infiltrates the tumor. At present, studying the co-development of the tumor and recruited normal tissue is experimentally challenging because many of the important events occur rapidly and over short length scales in a dense three-dimensional space. To overcome these experimental limitations, we partially confined tumors within biocompatible and optically clear tissue isolation chambers (TICs) and implanted them in mice to create a system that is more amenable to microscopic analysis. Our goal was to integrate the tumor into a recruited host tissue - complete with vasculature - and demonstrate that the system recapitulates relevant features of the tumor microenvironment. We show that the TICs allow clear visualization of the cellular events associated with tumor growth and progression at the host-tumor interface including cell infiltration, matrix remodeling and angiogenesis. The tissue within the chamber is viable for more than a month, and the process is robust in both the skin and brain. Treatment with losartan, an angiotensin II receptor antagonist, decreased the collagen density and fiber length in the TIC, consistent with the known activity of this drug. We further show that collagen fibers display characteristic tumor signatures and play a central role in angiogenesis, guiding the migration of tethered endothelial sprouts. The methodology combines accessible methods of microfabrication with animal models and will enable more informative studies of the cellular mechanisms of tumor progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Gruionu
- Edwin L. Steele Laboratories for Tumor Biology, Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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29
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Shawky MS, Ricciardelli C, Lord M, Whitelock J, Ferro V, Britt K, Thompson EW. Proteoglycans: Potential Agents in Mammographic Density and the Associated Breast Cancer Risk. J Mammary Gland Biol Neoplasia 2015; 20:121-31. [PMID: 26501889 DOI: 10.1007/s10911-015-9346-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2015] [Accepted: 10/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Although increased mammographic density (MD) has been well established as a marker for increased breast cancer (BC) risk, its pathobiology is far from understood. Altered proteoglycan (PG) composition may underpin the physical properties of MD, and may contribute to the associated increase in BC risk. Numerous studies have investigated PGs, which are a major stromal matrix component, in relation to MD and BC and reported results that are sometimes discordant. Our review summarises these results and highlights discrepancies between PG associations with BC and MD, thus serving as a guide for identifying PGs that warrant further research towards developing chemo-preventive or therapeutic agents targeting preinvasive or invasive breast lesions, respectively.
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30
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Chin VT, Nagrial AM, Chou A, Biankin AV, Gill AJ, Timpson P, Pajic M. Rho-associated kinase signalling and the cancer microenvironment: novel biological implications and therapeutic opportunities. Expert Rev Mol Med 2015; 17:e17. [PMID: 26507949 PMCID: PMC4836205 DOI: 10.1017/erm.2015.17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The Rho/ROCK pathway is involved in numerous pivotal cellular processes that have made it an area of intense study in cancer medicine, however, Rho-associated coiled-coil containing protein kinase (ROCK) inhibitors are yet to make an appearance in the clinical cancer setting. Their performance as an anti-cancer therapy has been varied in pre-clinical studies, however, they have been shown to be effective vasodilators in the treatment of hypertension and post-ischaemic stroke vasospasm. This review addresses the various roles the Rho/ROCK pathway plays in angiogenesis, tumour vascular tone and reciprocal feedback from the tumour microenvironment and explores the potential utility of ROCK inhibitors as effective vascular normalising agents. ROCK inhibitors may potentially enhance the delivery and efficacy of chemotherapy agents and improve the effectiveness of radiotherapy. As such, repurposing of these agents as adjuncts to standard treatments may significantly improve outcomes for patients with cancer. A deeper understanding of the controlled and dynamic regulation of the key components of the Rho pathway may lead to effective use of the Rho/ROCK inhibitors in the clinical management of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Venessa T. Chin
- The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Cancer Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, 384 Victoria St, Darlinghurst, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - Adnan M. Nagrial
- The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Cancer Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, 384 Victoria St, Darlinghurst, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
- The Department of Medical Oncology, Crown Princess Mary Cancer Centre, Westmead Hospital, NSW, Australia
| | - Angela Chou
- The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Cancer Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, 384 Victoria St, Darlinghurst, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
- Anatomical Pathology, Sydpath, St Vincent's Hospital, Sydney, Australia
| | - Andrew V. Biankin
- The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Cancer Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, 384 Victoria St, Darlinghurst, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
- Department of Surgery, Bankstown Hospital, Eldridge Road, Bankstown, Sydney, NSW 2200, Australia
- Wolfson Wohl Cancer Research Centre, Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Bearsden, Glasgow, Scotland G61 1BD, UK
| | - Anthony J. Gill
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, Royal North Shore Hospital, St Leonards, Sydney, NSW 2065, Australia
- University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Paul Timpson
- The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Cancer Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, 384 Victoria St, Darlinghurst, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine, St Vincent's Clinical School, University of NSW, Australia
| | - Marina Pajic
- The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Cancer Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, 384 Victoria St, Darlinghurst, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine, St Vincent's Clinical School, University of NSW, Australia
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Vannini F, Kashfi K, Nath N. The dual role of iNOS in cancer. Redox Biol 2015; 6:334-343. [PMID: 26335399 PMCID: PMC4565017 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2015.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 351] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2015] [Revised: 08/07/2015] [Accepted: 08/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) is one of the 10 smallest molecules found in nature. It is a simple gaseous free radical whose predominant functions is that of a messenger through cGMP. In mammals, NO is synthesized by the enzyme nitric oxide synthase (NOS) of which there are three isoforms. Neuronal (nNOS, NOS1) and endothelial (eNOS, NOS3) are constitutive calcium-dependent forms of the enzyme that regulate neural and vascular function respectively. The third isoform (iNOS, NOS2), is calcium-independent and is inducible. In many tumors, iNOS expression is high, however, the role of iNOS during tumor development is very complex and quite perplexing, with both promoting and inhibiting actions having been described. This review will aim to summarize the dual actions of iNOS-derived NO showing that the microenvironment of the tumor is a contributing factor to these observations and ultimately to cellular outcomes. NO is pro- and anti-tumorigenic. High concentrations of NO maybe anti-tumorigenic. iNOS produces high concentrations of NO and relates to tumor growth or its inhibition. iNOS is associated with cytotoxicity, apoptosis and bystander anti-tumor effects. Tumor- and stromal-iNOS, and the ‘cell situation’ contribute to anti or pro-tumor effects. Dual role of iNOS is influenced by the cell situation and is environment dependent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Vannini
- Department of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Sophie Davis School of Biomedical Education, City University of New York Medical School, New York, NY 10031, United States
| | - Khosrow Kashfi
- Department of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Sophie Davis School of Biomedical Education, City University of New York Medical School, New York, NY 10031, United States
| | - Niharika Nath
- Department of Life Sciences, New York Institute of Technology, NY 10023, United States.
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Pajic M, Herrmann D, Vennin C, Conway JR, Chin VT, Johnsson AKE, Welch HC, Timpson P. The dynamics of Rho GTPase signaling and implications for targeting cancer and the tumor microenvironment. Small GTPases 2015; 6:123-33. [PMID: 26103062 PMCID: PMC4601362 DOI: 10.4161/21541248.2014.973749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Numerous large scale genomics studies have demonstrated that cancer is a molecularly heterogeneous disease, characterized by acquired changes in the structure and DNA sequence of tumor genomes. More recently, the role of the equally complex tumor microenvironment in driving the aggressiveness of this disease is increasingly being realized. Tumor cells are surrounded by activated stroma, creating a dynamic environment that promotes cancer development, metastasis and chemoresistance. The Rho family of small GTPases plays an essential role in the regulation of cell shape, cytokinesis, cell adhesion, and cell motility. Importantly, these processes need to be considered in the context of a complex 3-dimensional (3D) environment, with reciprocal feedback and cross-talk taking place between the tumor cells and host environment. Here we discuss the role of molecular networks involving Rho GTPases in cancer, and the therapeutic implications of inhibiting Rho signaling in both cancer cells and the emerging concept of targeting the surrounding stroma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Pajic
- a The Kinghorn Cancer Center; Cancer Division; Garvan Institute of Medical Research ; Sydney , Australia
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33
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Howell A, Anderson AS, Clarke RB, Duffy SW, Evans DG, Garcia-Closas M, Gescher AJ, Key TJ, Saxton JM, Harvie MN. Risk determination and prevention of breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res 2014; 16:446. [PMID: 25467785 PMCID: PMC4303126 DOI: 10.1186/s13058-014-0446-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 204] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is an increasing public health problem. Substantial advances have been made in the treatment of breast cancer, but the introduction of methods to predict women at elevated risk and prevent the disease has been less successful. Here, we summarize recent data on newer approaches to risk prediction, available approaches to prevention, how new approaches may be made, and the difficult problem of using what we already know to prevent breast cancer in populations. During 2012, the Breast Cancer Campaign facilitated a series of workshops, each covering a specialty area of breast cancer to identify gaps in our knowledge. The risk-and-prevention panel involved in this exercise was asked to expand and update its report and review recent relevant peer-reviewed literature. The enlarged position paper presented here highlights the key gaps in risk-and-prevention research that were identified, together with recommendations for action. The panel estimated from the relevant literature that potentially 50% of breast cancer could be prevented in the subgroup of women at high and moderate risk of breast cancer by using current chemoprevention (tamoxifen, raloxifene, exemestane, and anastrozole) and that, in all women, lifestyle measures, including weight control, exercise, and moderating alcohol intake, could reduce breast cancer risk by about 30%. Risk may be estimated by standard models potentially with the addition of, for example, mammographic density and appropriate single-nucleotide polymorphisms. This review expands on four areas: (a) the prediction of breast cancer risk, (b) the evidence for the effectiveness of preventive therapy and lifestyle approaches to prevention, (c) how understanding the biology of the breast may lead to new targets for prevention, and (d) a summary of published guidelines for preventive approaches and measures required for their implementation. We hope that efforts to fill these and other gaps will lead to considerable advances in our efforts to predict risk and prevent breast cancer over the next 10 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony Howell
- Genesis Breast Cancer Prevention Centre, University Hospital of South Manchester, Southmoor Road, Wythenshawe, M29 9LT Manchester, UK
- The Christie, NHS Foundation Trust, Wilmslow Road, Manchester, M20 2QJ UK
- Breakthrough Breast Cancer Research Unit, Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Manchester, Wilmslow Road, Manchester, M20 2QJ UK
| | - Annie S Anderson
- Centre for Public Health Nutrition Research, Division of Cancer Research, Level 7, University of Dundee, Ninewells Hospital & Medical School, Mailbox 7, George Pirie Way, Dundee, DD1 9SY UK
| | - Robert B Clarke
- Breakthrough Breast Cancer Research Unit, Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Manchester, Wilmslow Road, Manchester, M20 2QJ UK
| | - Stephen W Duffy
- Centre for Cancer Prevention, Wolfson Institute of Preventive Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London, EC1M 6BQ UK
| | - D Gareth Evans
- Genesis Breast Cancer Prevention Centre, University Hospital of South Manchester, Southmoor Road, Wythenshawe, M29 9LT Manchester, UK
- The Christie, NHS Foundation Trust, Wilmslow Road, Manchester, M20 2QJ UK
- Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, The University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Central Manchester Foundation Trust, St. Mary’s Hospital, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9WL UK
| | - Montserat Garcia-Closas
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, Institute of Cancer Research, Cotswold Road, Sutton, SM2 5NG London, UK
| | - Andy J Gescher
- Department of Cancer Studies and Molecular Medicine, University of Leicester, University Road, Leicester, LE2 7LX UK
| | - Timothy J Key
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Richard Doll Building, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, OX3 7LF UK
| | - John M Saxton
- School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of East Anglia, University Drive, Norwich, NR4 7TJ UK
| | - Michelle N Harvie
- Genesis Breast Cancer Prevention Centre, University Hospital of South Manchester, Southmoor Road, Wythenshawe, M29 9LT Manchester, UK
- The Christie, NHS Foundation Trust, Wilmslow Road, Manchester, M20 2QJ UK
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34
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Pettersson A, Tamimi RM. Breast Density and Breast Cancer Risk: Understanding of Biology and Risk. CURR EPIDEMIOL REP 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s40471-014-0018-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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