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Karasu ME, Jahnke L, Joseph BJ, Amerzhanova Y, Mironov A, Shu X, Schröder MS, Gvozdenovic A, Sala I, Zavolan M, Jonas S, Corn JE. CCAR1 promotes DNA repair via alternative splicing. Mol Cell 2024; 84:2634-2647.e9. [PMID: 38964321 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2024.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024]
Abstract
DNA repair is directly performed by hundreds of core factors and indirectly regulated by thousands of others. We massively expanded a CRISPR inhibition and Cas9-editing screening system to discover factors indirectly modulating homology-directed repair (HDR) in the context of ∼18,000 individual gene knockdowns. We focused on CCAR1, a poorly understood gene that we found the depletion of reduced both HDR and interstrand crosslink repair, phenocopying the loss of the Fanconi anemia pathway. CCAR1 loss abrogated FANCA protein without substantial reduction in the level of its mRNA or that of other FA genes. We instead found that CCAR1 prevents inclusion of a poison exon in FANCA. Transcriptomic analysis revealed that the CCAR1 splicing modulatory activity is not limited to FANCA, and it instead regulates widespread changes in alternative splicing that would damage coding sequences in mouse and human cells. CCAR1 therefore has an unanticipated function as a splicing fidelity factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet E Karasu
- Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, Department of Biology, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich (ETH Zurich), Zurich 8093, Switzerland
| | - Leonard Jahnke
- Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, Department of Biology, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich (ETH Zurich), Zurich 8093, Switzerland
| | - Brian J Joseph
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Center for Motor Neuron Biology and Disease, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Yerkezhan Amerzhanova
- Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, Department of Biology, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich (ETH Zurich), Zurich 8093, Switzerland
| | - Aleksei Mironov
- Computational and Systems Biology, Biozentrum, University of Basel, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Xuan Shu
- Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, Department of Biology, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich (ETH Zurich), Zurich 8093, Switzerland
| | - Markus S Schröder
- Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, Department of Biology, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich (ETH Zurich), Zurich 8093, Switzerland
| | - Ana Gvozdenovic
- Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, Department of Biology, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich (ETH Zurich), Zurich 8093, Switzerland
| | - Irene Sala
- Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, Department of Biology, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich (ETH Zurich), Zurich 8093, Switzerland
| | - Mihaela Zavolan
- Computational and Systems Biology, Biozentrum, University of Basel, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Stefanie Jonas
- Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, Department of Biology, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich (ETH Zurich), Zurich 8093, Switzerland
| | - Jacob E Corn
- Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, Department of Biology, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich (ETH Zurich), Zurich 8093, Switzerland.
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Harada N, Asada S, Jiang L, Nguyen H, Moreau L, Marina RJ, Adelman K, Iyer DR, D'Andrea AD. The splicing factor CCAR1 regulates the Fanconi anemia/BRCA pathway. Mol Cell 2024; 84:2618-2633.e10. [PMID: 39025073 PMCID: PMC11321822 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2024.06.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
The twenty-three Fanconi anemia (FA) proteins cooperate in the FA/BRCA pathway to repair DNA interstrand cross-links (ICLs). The cell division cycle and apoptosis regulator 1 (CCAR1) protein is also a regulator of ICL repair, though its possible function in the FA/BRCA pathway remains unknown. Here, we demonstrate that CCAR1 plays a unique upstream role in the FA/BRCA pathway and is required for FANCA protein expression in human cells. Interestingly, CCAR1 co-immunoprecipitates with FANCA pre-mRNA and is required for FANCA mRNA processing. Loss of CCAR1 results in retention of a poison exon in the FANCA transcript, thereby leading to reduced FANCA protein expression. A unique domain of CCAR1, the EF hand domain, is required for interaction with the U2AF heterodimer of the spliceosome and for excision of the poison exon. Taken together, CCAR1 is a splicing modulator required for normal splicing of the FANCA mRNA and other mRNAs involved in various cellular pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoya Harada
- Division of Radiation and Genome Stability, Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Shuhei Asada
- Division of Radiation and Genome Stability, Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Lige Jiang
- Division of Radiation and Genome Stability, Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Huy Nguyen
- Division of Radiation and Genome Stability, Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Lisa Moreau
- Division of Radiation and Genome Stability, Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Ryan J Marina
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Karen Adelman
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Divya R Iyer
- Division of Radiation and Genome Stability, Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
| | - Alan D D'Andrea
- Division of Radiation and Genome Stability, Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Center for DNA Damage and Repair, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
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3
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Ou L, Zhao X, Wu IJ, Yu Z, Xiong Z, Xia LC, Wang Y, Zhou G, Chen W. Molecular mechanism of NAD + and NMN binding to the Nudix homology domains of DBC1. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 262:130131. [PMID: 38354937 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.130131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
Deleted in breast cancer 1 (DBC1) is a human nuclear protein that modulates the activities of various proteins involved in cell survival and cancer progression. Oxidized form of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) is suggested to bind to the Nudix homology domains (NHDs) of DBC1, thereby regulating DBC1-Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP1) interactions, resulting in the restoration of DNA repair. Using Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) and Isothermal Titration Calorimetry (ITC), we confirmed NAD+ and its precursor nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) both bind the NHD domain of DBC1 (DBC1354-396). NAD+ likely interacts with DBC1354-396 through hydrogen bonding, with a binding affinity (8.99 μM) nearly twice that of NMN (17.0 μM), and the key binding sites are primarily residues E363 and D372, in the agreement with Molecular Docking experiments. Molecular Dynamics (MD) simulation further demonstrated E363 and D372's anchoring role in the binding process. Additional mutagenesis experiments of E363 and D372 confirmed their critical involvement of ligand-protein interactions. These findings lead to a better understanding of how NAD+ and NMN regulate DBC1, thereby offering insights for the development of targeted therapies and drug research focused on DBC1-associated tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liming Ou
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, Guangdong, China
| | - Xuechen Zhao
- Regenerative Bio Inc., Hangzhou 310059, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ivy Jing Wu
- School of Biomedical Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver V6T 2B9, BC, Canada
| | - Zhengyang Yu
- Department of Statistics and Financial Mathematics, School of Mathematics, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510000, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhiyuan Xiong
- School of Light Industry and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, Guangdong, China
| | - Li C Xia
- Department of Statistics and Financial Mathematics, School of Mathematics, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510000, Guangdong, China
| | - Yonghua Wang
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, Guangdong, China
| | - Guangyu Zhou
- Regenerative Bio Inc., Hangzhou 310059, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Wen Chen
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, Guangdong, China.
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4
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Lugano D, Barrett L, Westerheide SD, Kee Y. Multifaceted roles of CCAR family proteins in the DNA damage response and cancer. Exp Mol Med 2024; 56:59-65. [PMID: 38172598 PMCID: PMC10834508 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-023-01139-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
The cell cycle apoptosis regulator (CCAR) family of proteins consists of two proteins, CCAR1 and CCAR2, that play a variety of roles in cellular physiology and pathology. These multidomain proteins are able to perform multiple interactions and functions, playing roles in processes such as stress responses, metabolism, and the DNA damage response. The evolutionary conservation of CCAR family proteins allows their study in model organisms such as Caenorhabditis elegans, where a role for CCAR in aging was revealed. This review particularly highlights the multifaceted roles of CCAR family proteins and their implications in the DNA damage response and in cancer biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Lugano
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, 33647, USA
| | - L Barrett
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, 33647, USA
| | - S D Westerheide
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, 33647, USA
| | - Y Kee
- Department of New Biology, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), 333 Techno-Joongang-daero, Dalseong-gun, Daegu, 42988, Republic of Korea.
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5
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Lugano DI, Barrett LN, Chaput D, Park MA, Westerheide SD. CCAR-1 works together with the U2AF large subunit UAF-1 to regulate alternative splicing. RNA Biol 2024; 21:1-11. [PMID: 38126797 PMCID: PMC10761121 DOI: 10.1080/15476286.2023.2289707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The Cell Division Cycle and Apoptosis Regulator (CCAR) protein family members have recently emerged as regulators of alternative splicing and transcription, as well as having other key physiological functions. For example, mammalian CCAR2/DBC1 forms a complex with the zinc factor protein ZNF326 to integrate alternative splicing with RNA polymerase II transcriptional elongation in AT-rich regions of the DNA. Additionally, Caenorhabditis elegans CCAR-1, a homolog to mammalian CCAR2, facilitates the alternative splicing of the perlecan unc-52 gene. However, much about the CCAR family's role in alternative splicing is unknown. Here, we have examined the role of CCAR-1 in genome-wide alternative splicing in Caenorhabditis elegans and have identified new alternative splicing targets of CCAR-1 using RNA sequencing. Also, we found that CCAR-1 interacts with the spliceosome factors UAF-1 and UAF-2 using mass spectrometry, and that knockdown of ccar-1 affects alternative splicing patterns, motility, and proteostasis of UAF-1 mutant worms. Collectively, we demonstrate the role of CCAR-1 in regulating global alternative splicing in C. elegans and in conjunction with UAF-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doreen I. Lugano
- Department of Cell Biology, Microbiology, and Molecular Biology, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Lindsey N. Barrett
- Department of Cell Biology, Microbiology, and Molecular Biology, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Dale Chaput
- Department of Cell Biology, Microbiology, and Molecular Biology, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Margaret A. Park
- Department of Cell Biology, Microbiology, and Molecular Biology, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Sandy D. Westerheide
- Department of Cell Biology, Microbiology, and Molecular Biology, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
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6
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Wang Y, Wang JM, Xiao Y, Hu XB, Zheng SY, Fu JL, Zhang L, Gan YW, Liang XM, Li DWC. SUMO1-regulated DBC1 promotes p53-dependent stress-induced apoptosis of lens epithelial cells. Aging (Albany NY) 2023; 15:8812-8832. [PMID: 37683133 PMCID: PMC10522365 DOI: 10.18632/aging.205001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
Deleted in breast cancer 1 (DBC1) was initially identified from a homozygously deleted region in human chromosome 8p21. It has been well established that DBC1 plays a dual role during cancer development. Depending on the physiological context, it can promote or inhibit tumorigenesis. Whether it plays a role in lens pathogenesis remains elusive. In the present study, we demonstrated that DBC1 is highly expressed in lens epithelial cells from different vertebrates and in retina pigment epithelial cells as well. Moreover, DBC1 is SUMOylated through SUMO1 conjugation at K591 residue in human and mouse lens epithelial cells. The SUMOylated DBC1 is localized in the nucleus and plays an essential role in promoting stress-induced apoptosis. Silence of DBC1 attenuates oxidative stress-induced apoptosis. In contrast, overexpression of DBC1 enhances oxidative stress-induced apoptosis, and this process depends on p53. Mechanistically, DBC1 interacts with p53 to regulate its phosphorylation status at multiple sites and the SUMOylation of DBC1 enhances its interaction with p53. Together, our results identify that DBC1 is an important regulator mediating stress-induced apoptosis in lens, and thus participates in control of lens cataractogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510060, China
| | - Jing-Miao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510060, China
| | - Yuan Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510060, China
| | - Xue-Bin Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510060, China
| | - Shu-Yu Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510060, China
| | - Jia-Ling Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510060, China
| | - Lan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510060, China
| | - Yu-Wen Gan
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510060, China
| | - Xing-Miao Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510060, China
| | - David Wan-Cheng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510060, China
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Kim HJ, Moon SJ, Kim JH. Mechanistic insights into the dual role of CCAR2/DBC1 in cancer. Exp Mol Med 2023; 55:1691-1701. [PMID: 37524873 PMCID: PMC10474295 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-023-01058-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell cycle and apoptosis regulator 2 (CCAR2), also known as deleted in breast cancer 1 (DBC1), has been recently identified as a master regulator of transcriptional processes and plays diverse roles in physiology and pathophysiology, including as a regulator of apoptosis, DNA repair, metabolism, and tumorigenesis. CCAR2 functions as a coregulator of various transcription factors and a critical regulator of numerous epigenetic modifiers. Based on its ability to stimulate apoptosis by activating and stabilizing p53, CCAR2 was initially considered to be a tumor suppressor. However, an increasing number of studies have shown that CCAR2 also functions as a tumor-promoting coregulator by activating oncogenic transcription factors and regulating the enzymatic activity of epigenetic modifiers, indicating that CCAR2 may play a dual role in cancer progression by acting as a tumor suppressor and tumor promoter. Here, we review recent progress in understanding the dual tumor-suppressing and oncogenic roles of CCAR2 in cancer. We discuss CCAR2 domain structures, its interaction partners, and the molecular mechanisms by which it regulates the activities of transcription factors and epigenetic modifiers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hwa Jin Kim
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, 06351, South Korea
- Research Institute for Future Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, 06351, South Korea
| | - Sue Jin Moon
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, 06351, South Korea
- Research Institute for Future Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, 06351, South Korea
| | - Jeong Hoon Kim
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, 06351, South Korea.
- Research Institute for Future Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, 06351, South Korea.
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M. Iyer L, Anantharaman V, Krishnan A, Burroughs AM, Aravind L. Jumbo Phages: A Comparative Genomic Overview of Core Functions and Adaptions for Biological Conflicts. Viruses 2021; 13:v13010063. [PMID: 33466489 PMCID: PMC7824862 DOI: 10.3390/v13010063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Revised: 12/31/2020] [Accepted: 12/31/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Jumbo phages have attracted much attention by virtue of their extraordinary genome size and unusual aspects of biology. By performing a comparative genomics analysis of 224 jumbo phages, we suggest an objective inclusion criterion based on genome size distributions and present a synthetic overview of their manifold adaptations across major biological systems. By means of clustering and principal component analysis of the phyletic patterns of conserved genes, all known jumbo phages can be classified into three higher-order groups, which include both myoviral and siphoviral morphologies indicating multiple independent origins from smaller predecessors. Our study uncovers several under-appreciated or unreported aspects of the DNA replication, recombination, transcription and virion maturation systems. Leveraging sensitive sequence analysis methods, we identify novel protein-modifying enzymes that might help hijack the host-machinery. Focusing on host–virus conflicts, we detect strategies used to counter different wings of the bacterial immune system, such as cyclic nucleotide- and NAD+-dependent effector-activation, and prevention of superinfection during pseudolysogeny. We reconstruct the RNA-repair systems of jumbo phages that counter the consequences of RNA-targeting host effectors. These findings also suggest that several jumbo phage proteins provide a snapshot of the systems found in ancient replicons preceding the last universal ancestor of cellular life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lakshminarayan M. Iyer
- National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20894, USA; (L.M.I.); (V.A.); (A.M.B.)
| | - Vivek Anantharaman
- National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20894, USA; (L.M.I.); (V.A.); (A.M.B.)
| | - Arunkumar Krishnan
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Berhampur, Odisha 760010, India;
| | - A. Maxwell Burroughs
- National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20894, USA; (L.M.I.); (V.A.); (A.M.B.)
| | - L. Aravind
- National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20894, USA; (L.M.I.); (V.A.); (A.M.B.)
- Correspondence:
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Fang Q, Bellanti JA, Zheng SG. Advances on the role of the deleted in breast cancer (DBC1) in cancer and autoimmune diseases. J Leukoc Biol 2020; 109:449-454. [PMID: 32337788 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.6mr0320-086r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Revised: 03/07/2020] [Accepted: 03/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
DBC1 (deleted in breast cancer 1) is a human nuclear protein that modulates the activities of various proteins. Most of the research on DBC1 has focused on metabolism and epigenetics because it is a crucial endogenic inhibitor of deacetylase Sirtuin1 (SIRT1). In this review, we have discussed and summarized the new advances in DBC1 research, mostly focusing on its structure, regulatory function, and significance in cancer and autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiannan Fang
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Internal Medicine, Ohio State University College of Medicine and Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Joseph A Bellanti
- Department of Pediatrics and Microbiology-Immunology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Song Guo Zheng
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ohio State University College of Medicine and Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA
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Liu J, Meng C, Li C, Tang K, Tang H, Liao J. Deleted in Breast Cancer 1 as a Novel Prognostic Biomarker for Digestive System Cancers: A Meta-Analysis. J Cancer 2019; 10:1633-1641. [PMID: 31205519 PMCID: PMC6548013 DOI: 10.7150/jca.26935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2018] [Accepted: 01/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Deleted in Breast Cancer 1 (DBC1/CCAR2) is a regulatory protein involved in cell survival and cancer progression. Herein, we focused on summarizing the overall prognostic value of DBC1 for digestive system cancers. Therefore, we conducted a meta-analysis based on 9 studies with 2391 patients to generated combined hazard ratios (HR) or odds ratio (OR) with its 95% confidence intervals (CI) for overall survival (OS) and clinicopathological features. Positive DBC1 expression was significantly associated with poor OS of digestive system cancers (pooled HR=1.650, 95% CI=1.087-2.504, P<0.019). Stratified analysis also verified the potential prognostic prediction of DBC1 in some subgroups, such as digestive tract cancers (pooled HR=1.685, 95% CI=1.013-2.802, P=0.044), univariate analysis method (pooled HR=2.077, 95%CI=1.221-3.533, P=0.007), publication date within five years (pooled HR=1.609, 95%CI=1.097-2.358, P =0.015), study sample size smaller than 200 (pooled HR=2.304, 95%CI=1.716-3.093, P<0.001) and cutoff value for positive tumor cells more than 50% (pooled HR=1.944, 95% CI=1.479-2.556, P<0.001). Additionally, in terms of the association between DBC1 expression and clinicopathological characteristics, DBC1 expression was correlated to age (pooled OR=0.596, 95%CI =0.467-0.761, P<0.001), WHO classification (pooled OR =3.780, 95% CI=2.303-6.205, P <0.001), Lauren classification (pooled OR=2.000, 95%CI =1.492-2.680, P<0.001), and lymph node metastasis (pooled OR=0.405, 95%CI=0.203-0.806, P=0.010). In conclusion, DBC1 could not only be an independent prognostic factor for survival of patients with digestive system cancer, but might also be a novel target for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingting Liu
- Department of Emergency, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 3 Qingchun East Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310020, China
| | - Chunyan Meng
- Department of General Surgery, Zhejiang Hospital, 12 Lingyin Road, Zhejiang 310013, China
| | - Changcan Li
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine , 100 Haining Road, Shanghai 200080, China
| | - Kaifeng Tang
- Department of General Surgery, Zhejiang Hospital, 12 Lingyin Road, Zhejiang 310013, China
| | - Hongchao Tang
- Department of General Surgery, Zhejiang Hospital, 12 Lingyin Road, Zhejiang 310013, China
| | - Jianhua Liao
- Department of General Surgery, Zhejiang Hospital, 12 Lingyin Road, Zhejiang 310013, China
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11
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Liu G, Wu Q, Wang Y, Xiong Q, Fu F. Deleted in breast cancer 1 as a potential prognostic biomarker in human cancers: a pooled analysis of 2,254 patients. Onco Targets Ther 2019; 12:1563-1574. [PMID: 30863120 PMCID: PMC6390861 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s189618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Deleted in breast cancer 1 (DBC1) is believed to be involved in human cancers. However, it is still uncertain whether DBC1 expression can be regarded as a prognostic factor in patients with various cancers. This meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the relationship between high levels of DBC1 and prognosis in tumor patients. Methods Electronic databases were searched and 14 studies meeting the selection criteria were included. Overall survival (OS), relapse-free survival (RFS), and 95% CIs were extracted and analyzed. HRs from individual studies were pooled using fixed-or random-effects models, depending on the heterogeneity of the included studies, and publication bias analyses were also performed to increase the reliability of the results. Results A total of 2,254 patients with tumors from 14 published studies were included in the meta-analysis. DBC1 overexpression was associated with worse OS (univariate analysis: HR=2.94; 95% CI: [2.38–3.63]; multivariate analysis: HR=1.98, 95% CI: [1.21–3.25]) and RFS (univariate analysis: HR=2.83, 95% CI: [2.30–3.49]; multivariate analysis: HR=2.71, 95% CI: [2.07–3.53]) for various tumors. No publication bias was observed according to test of funnel plot asymmetry and Egger’s test. Conclusion Current evidence supports the conclusion that the upregulation of DBC1 is correlated with poor survival among tumor patients, suggesting that DBC1 represents an independent prognostic factor significantly associated with OS and RFS, and could serve as a novel therapeutic target in patients with tumors. Nevertheless, further large-scale prospective trials and well-designed studies are warranted to confirm this finding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Liu
- Department of Breast Surgery, The Third Hospital of Nanchang City, Key Laboratory of Breast Diseases, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330009, China, ;
| | - Qiaosheng Wu
- Department of Breast Surgery, The Third Hospital of Nanchang City, Key Laboratory of Breast Diseases, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330009, China, ;
| | - Yili Wang
- Department of Breast Surgery, The Third Hospital of Nanchang City, Key Laboratory of Breast Diseases, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330009, China, ;
| | - Qiuyun Xiong
- Department of Breast Surgery, The Third Hospital of Nanchang City, Key Laboratory of Breast Diseases, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330009, China, ;
| | - Feiguo Fu
- Department of Breast Surgery, The Third Hospital of Nanchang City, Key Laboratory of Breast Diseases, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330009, China, ;
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Krzysiak TC, Thomas L, Choi YJ, Auclair S, Qian Y, Luan S, Krasnow SM, Thomas LL, Koharudin LMI, Benos PV, Marks DL, Gronenborn AM, Thomas G. An Insulin-Responsive Sensor in the SIRT1 Disordered Region Binds DBC1 and PACS-2 to Control Enzyme Activity. Mol Cell 2018; 72:985-998.e7. [PMID: 30415949 PMCID: PMC6309500 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2018.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2018] [Revised: 08/13/2018] [Accepted: 10/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Current models of SIRT1 enzymatic regulation primarily consider the effects of fluctuating levels of its co-substrate NAD+, which binds to the stably folded catalytic domain. By contrast, the roles of the sizeable disordered N- and C-terminal regions of SIRT1 are largely unexplored. Here we identify an insulin-responsive sensor in the SIRT1 N-terminal region (NTR), comprising an acidic cluster (AC) and a 3-helix bundle (3HB), controlling deacetylase activity. The allosteric assistor DBC1 removes a distal N-terminal shield from the 3-helix bundle, permitting PACS-2 to engage the acidic cluster and the transiently exposed helix 3 of the 3-helix bundle, disrupting its structure and inhibiting catalysis. The SIRT1 activator (STAC) SRT1720 binds and stabilizes the 3-helix bundle, protecting SIRT1 from inhibition by PACS-2. Identification of the SIRT1 insulin-responsive sensor and its engagement by the DBC1 and PACS-2 regulatory hub provides important insight into the roles of disordered regions in enzyme regulation and the mode by which STACs promote metabolic fitness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Troy C Krzysiak
- Department of Structural Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
| | - Laurel Thomas
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA
| | - You-Jin Choi
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA
| | - Sylvain Auclair
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA
| | - Yiqi Qian
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA
| | - Shan Luan
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA
| | - Stephanie M Krasnow
- Department of Pediatrics, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Laura L Thomas
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA
| | - Leonardus M I Koharudin
- Department of Structural Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
| | - Panayiotis V Benos
- Department of Computational and Systems Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Daniel L Marks
- Department of Pediatrics, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Angela M Gronenborn
- Department of Structural Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA; Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.
| | - Gary Thomas
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA; Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.
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Magni M, Buscemi G, Zannini L. Cell cycle and apoptosis regulator 2 at the interface between DNA damage response and cell physiology. MUTATION RESEARCH-REVIEWS IN MUTATION RESEARCH 2018; 776:1-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mrrev.2018.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Revised: 03/16/2018] [Accepted: 03/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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14
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Li J, Bonkowski MS, Moniot S, Zhang D, Hubbard BP, Ling AJY, Rajman LA, Qin B, Lou Z, Gorbunova V, Aravind L, Steegborn C, Sinclair DA. A conserved NAD + binding pocket that regulates protein-protein interactions during aging. Science 2017; 355:1312-1317. [PMID: 28336669 DOI: 10.1126/science.aad8242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2015] [Revised: 08/15/2016] [Accepted: 02/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
DNA repair is essential for life, yet its efficiency declines with age for reasons that are unclear. Numerous proteins possess Nudix homology domains (NHDs) that have no known function. We show that NHDs are NAD+ (oxidized form of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide) binding domains that regulate protein-protein interactions. The binding of NAD+ to the NHD domain of DBC1 (deleted in breast cancer 1) prevents it from inhibiting PARP1 [poly(adenosine diphosphate-ribose) polymerase], a critical DNA repair protein. As mice age and NAD+ concentrations decline, DBC1 is increasingly bound to PARP1, causing DNA damage to accumulate, a process rapidly reversed by restoring the abundance of NAD+ Thus, NAD+ directly regulates protein-protein interactions, the modulation of which may protect against cancer, radiation, and aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Li
- Department of Genetics, Paul F. Glenn Center for the Biology of Aging, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Michael S Bonkowski
- Department of Genetics, Paul F. Glenn Center for the Biology of Aging, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Sébastien Moniot
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Bayreuth, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Dapeng Zhang
- National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20894, USA
| | - Basil P Hubbard
- Department of Genetics, Paul F. Glenn Center for the Biology of Aging, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Alvin J Y Ling
- Department of Genetics, Paul F. Glenn Center for the Biology of Aging, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Luis A Rajman
- Department of Genetics, Paul F. Glenn Center for the Biology of Aging, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Bo Qin
- Division of Oncology Research, Department of Oncology, Mayo Clinic, 200 1st Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Zhenkun Lou
- Division of Oncology Research, Department of Oncology, Mayo Clinic, 200 1st Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Vera Gorbunova
- Division of Biology, 434 Hutchinson Hall, River Campus, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, USA
| | - L Aravind
- National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20894, USA
| | - Clemens Steegborn
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Bayreuth, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - David A Sinclair
- Department of Genetics, Paul F. Glenn Center for the Biology of Aging, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA. .,Department of Pharmacology, School of Medical Sciences, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
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15
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Li C, Liao J, Wu S, Fan J, Peng Z, Wang Z. Overexpression of DBC1, correlated with poor prognosis, is a potential therapeutic target for hepatocellular carcinoma. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2017; 494:511-517. [PMID: 29106957 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.10.134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2017] [Accepted: 10/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Deleted in Breast Cancer 1 (DBC1) is a regulatory protein involved in cell metabolism and cancer progression. Nevertheless, the expression and prognostic values of DBC1 in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) are still not well understood. The following study investigated the clinical significance and biological function of DBC1 in HCC. Briefly, overexpression of DBC1 at transcriptional and translational levels in human HCC tissues compared to adjacent normal tissues was observed using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), western blot (WB) and immunohistochemistry (IHC) approach. Furthermore, upregulated DBC1 was significantly correlated with tumor size (p = 0.005), N stage (p = 0.016), M stage (p = 0.011), tumor differentiation (p < 0.001), and American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) stage (p = 0.001). Moreover, Kaplan-Meier survival analysis revealed that DBC1 was an independent prognosis predictor for disease-free survival (DFS) (p < 0.001) and overall survival (OS) (p < 0.001). In addition, by using Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK8) assays and colony formation assays, we found that the knockdown of DBC1 significantly suppressed the proliferation of HCC cells in vitro. To conclude, these findings demonstrated that DBC1 was essential in tumorigenesis and proliferation. Moreover, it was identified as a potential therapeutic target for HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changcan Li
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200080, China.
| | - Jianhua Liao
- Department of General Surgery, Zhejiang Hospital, Hangzhou 310013, China.
| | - Shaohan Wu
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing College, Jiaxing 314000, China
| | - Junwei Fan
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200080, China
| | - Zhihai Peng
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200080, China
| | - Zhaowen Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200080, China.
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16
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Mannen T, Yamashita S, Tomita K, Goshima N, Hirose T. The Sam68 nuclear body is composed of two RNase-sensitive substructures joined by the adaptor HNRNPL. J Cell Biol 2017; 214:45-59. [PMID: 27377249 PMCID: PMC4932371 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201601024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2016] [Accepted: 06/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The mammalian cell nucleus contains membraneless suborganelles referred to as nuclear bodies (NBs). Some NBs are formed with an architectural RNA (arcRNA) as the structural core. Here, we searched for new NBs that are built on unidentified arcRNAs by screening for ribonuclease (RNase)-sensitive NBs using 32,651 fluorescently tagged human cDNA clones. We identified 32 tagged proteins that required RNA for their localization in distinct nuclear foci. Among them, seven RNA-binding proteins commonly localized in the Sam68 nuclear body (SNB), which was disrupted by RNase treatment. Knockdown of each SNB protein revealed that SNBs are composed of two distinct RNase-sensitive substructures. One substructure is present as a distinct NB, termed the DBC1 body, in certain conditions, and the more dynamic substructure including Sam68 joins to form the intact SNB. HNRNPL acts as the adaptor to combine the two substructures and form the intact SNB through the interaction of two sets of RNA recognition motifs with the putative arcRNAs in the respective substructures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taro Mannen
- Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0815, Japan
| | - Seisuke Yamashita
- Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa 277-8562, Japan
| | - Kozo Tomita
- Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa 277-8562, Japan
| | - Naoki Goshima
- Molecular Profiling Research Center for Drug Discovery, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Koutou 135-0064, Japan
| | - Tetsuro Hirose
- Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0815, Japan
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17
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Srouji JR, Xu A, Park A, Kirsch JF, Brenner SE. The evolution of function within the Nudix homology clan. Proteins 2017; 85:775-811. [PMID: 27936487 PMCID: PMC5389931 DOI: 10.1002/prot.25223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2016] [Revised: 10/15/2016] [Accepted: 11/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The Nudix homology clan encompasses over 80,000 protein domains from all three domains of life, defined by homology to each other. Proteins with a domain from this clan fall into four general functional classes: pyrophosphohydrolases, isopentenyl diphosphate isomerases (IDIs), adenine/guanine mismatch-specific adenine glycosylases (A/G-specific adenine glycosylases), and nonenzymatic activities such as protein/protein interaction and transcriptional regulation. The largest group, pyrophosphohydrolases, encompasses more than 100 distinct hydrolase specificities. To understand the evolution of this vast number of activities, we assembled and analyzed experimental and structural data for 205 Nudix proteins collected from the literature. We corrected erroneous functions or provided more appropriate descriptions for 53 annotations described in the Gene Ontology Annotation database in this family, and propose 275 new experimentally-based annotations. We manually constructed a structure-guided sequence alignment of 78 Nudix proteins. Using the structural alignment as a seed, we then made an alignment of 347 "select" Nudix homology domains, curated from structurally determined, functionally characterized, or phylogenetically important Nudix domains. Based on our review of Nudix pyrophosphohydrolase structures and specificities, we further analyzed a loop region downstream of the Nudix hydrolase motif previously shown to contact the substrate molecule and possess known functional motifs. This loop region provides a potential structural basis for the functional radiation and evolution of substrate specificity within the hydrolase family. Finally, phylogenetic analyses of the 347 select protein domains and of the complete Nudix homology clan revealed general monophyly with regard to function and a few instances of probable homoplasy. Proteins 2017; 85:775-811. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- John R. Srouji
- Plant and Microbial Biology DepartmentUniversity of CaliforniaBerkeleyCalifornia94720
- Molecular and Cell Biology DepartmentUniversity of CaliforniaBerkeleyCalifornia94720
- Present address: Molecular and Cellular Biology DepartmentHarvard UniversityCambridgeMassachusetts02138
| | - Anting Xu
- Graduate Study in Comparative Biochemistry, University of CaliforniaBerkeleyCalifornia94720
| | - Annsea Park
- Molecular and Cell Biology DepartmentUniversity of CaliforniaBerkeleyCalifornia94720
| | - Jack F. Kirsch
- Molecular and Cell Biology DepartmentUniversity of CaliforniaBerkeleyCalifornia94720
- Graduate Study in Comparative Biochemistry, University of CaliforniaBerkeleyCalifornia94720
| | - Steven E. Brenner
- Plant and Microbial Biology DepartmentUniversity of CaliforniaBerkeleyCalifornia94720
- Molecular and Cell Biology DepartmentUniversity of CaliforniaBerkeleyCalifornia94720
- Graduate Study in Comparative Biochemistry, University of CaliforniaBerkeleyCalifornia94720
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18
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Nguyen VN, Park A, Xu A, Srouji JR, Brenner SE, Kirsch JF. Substrate specificity characterization for eight putative nudix hydrolases. Evaluation of criteria for substrate identification within the Nudix family. Proteins 2016; 84:1810-1822. [PMID: 27618147 PMCID: PMC5158307 DOI: 10.1002/prot.25163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2016] [Revised: 08/30/2016] [Accepted: 09/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The nearly 50,000 known Nudix proteins have a diverse array of functions, of which the most extensively studied is the catalyzed hydrolysis of aberrant nucleotide triphosphates. The functions of 171 Nudix proteins have been characterized to some degree, although physiological relevance of the assayed activities has not always been conclusively demonstrated. We investigated substrate specificity for eight structurally characterized Nudix proteins, whose functions were unknown. These proteins were screened for hydrolase activity against a 74-compound library of known Nudix enzyme substrates. We found substrates for four enzymes with kcat /Km values >10,000 M-1 s-1 : Q92EH0_LISIN of Listeria innocua serovar 6a against ADP-ribose, Q5LBB1_BACFN of Bacillus fragilis against 5-Me-CTP, and Q0TTC5_CLOP1 and Q0TS82_CLOP1 of Clostridium perfringens against 8-oxo-dATP and 3'-dGTP, respectively. To ascertain whether these identified substrates were physiologically relevant, we surveyed all reported Nudix hydrolytic activities against NTPs. Twenty-two Nudix enzymes are reported to have activity against canonical NTPs. With a single exception, we find that the reported kcat /Km values exhibited against these canonical substrates are well under 105 M-1 s-1 . By contrast, several Nudix enzymes show much larger kcat /Km values (in the range of 105 to >107 M-1 s-1 ) against noncanonical NTPs. We therefore conclude that hydrolytic activities exhibited by these enzymes against canonical NTPs are not likely their physiological function, but rather the result of unavoidable collateral damage occasioned by the enzymes' inability to distinguish completely between similar substrate structures. Proteins 2016; 84:1810-1822. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vi N. Nguyen
- Molecular and Cell Biology DepartmentUniversity of CaliforniaBerkeleyCalifornia94720
| | - Annsea Park
- Molecular and Cell Biology DepartmentUniversity of CaliforniaBerkeleyCalifornia94720
| | - Anting Xu
- Graduate Program in Comparative BiochemistryUniversity of CaliforniaBerkeleyCalifornia94720
| | - John R. Srouji
- Molecular and Cell Biology DepartmentUniversity of CaliforniaBerkeleyCalifornia94720
- Plant and Microbial Biology DepartmentUniversity of CaliforniaBerkeleyCalifornia94720
- Present address: Molecular and Cellular Biology DepartmentHarvard UniversityCambridgeMA02138
| | - Steven E. Brenner
- Molecular and Cell Biology DepartmentUniversity of CaliforniaBerkeleyCalifornia94720
- Graduate Program in Comparative BiochemistryUniversity of CaliforniaBerkeleyCalifornia94720
- Plant and Microbial Biology DepartmentUniversity of CaliforniaBerkeleyCalifornia94720
| | - Jack F. Kirsch
- Molecular and Cell Biology DepartmentUniversity of CaliforniaBerkeleyCalifornia94720
- Graduate Program in Comparative BiochemistryUniversity of CaliforniaBerkeleyCalifornia94720
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Qin B, Minter-Dykhouse K, Yu J, Zhang J, Liu T, Zhang H, Lee S, Kim J, Wang L, Lou Z. DBC1 functions as a tumor suppressor by regulating p53 stability. Cell Rep 2015; 10:1324-34. [PMID: 25732823 PMCID: PMC4351187 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2015.01.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2014] [Revised: 01/05/2015] [Accepted: 01/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
DBC1 (deleted in breast cancer 1), also known as CCAR2 or KIAA1967, is an important negative regulator of SIRT1 and cellular stress response. Although the Dbc1 gene localizes at a region that is homozygously deleted in breast cancer, its role in tumorigenesis remains unclear. It has been suggested to be either a tumor suppressor or an oncogene. Therefore, the function of DBC1 in cancer needs to be further explored. Here, we report that Dbc1 knockout mice are tumor prone, suggesting that DBC1 functions as a tumor suppressor in vivo. Our data suggest that the increased tumor incidence in Dbc1 knockout mice is independent of Sirt1. Instead, we found that DBC1 loss results in less p53 protein in vitro and in vivo. DBC1 directly binds p53 and stabilizes it through competition with MDM2. These studies reveal that DBC1 plays an important role in tumor suppression through p53 regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China; Division of Oncology Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Katherine Minter-Dykhouse
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Jia Yu
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Jun Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Tongzheng Liu
- Division of Oncology Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Haoxing Zhang
- Division of Oncology Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - SeungBaek Lee
- Division of Oncology Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - JungJin Kim
- Division of Oncology Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Liewei Wang
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Zhenkun Lou
- Division of Oncology Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
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DBC1/CCAR2 and CCAR1 Are Largely Disordered Proteins that Have Evolved from One Common Ancestor. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:418458. [PMID: 25610865 PMCID: PMC4287135 DOI: 10.1155/2014/418458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2014] [Revised: 09/18/2014] [Accepted: 09/18/2014] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Deleted in breast cancer 1 (DBC1, CCAR2, KIAA1967) is a large, predominantly nuclear, multidomain protein that modulates gene expression by inhibiting several epigenetic modifiers, including the deacetylases SIRT1 and HDAC3, and the methyltransferase SUV39H1. DBC1 shares many highly conserved protein domains with its paralog cell cycle and apoptosis regulator 1 (CCAR1, CARP-1). In this study, we examined the full-length sequential and structural properties of DBC1 and CCAR1 from multiple species and correlated these properties with evolution. Our data shows that the conserved domains shared between DBC1 and CCAR1 have similar domain structures, as well as similar patterns of predicted disorder in less-conserved intrinsically disordered regions. Our analysis indicates similarities between DBC1, CCAR1, and the nematode protein lateral signaling target 3 (LST-3), suggesting that DBC1 and CCAR1 may have evolved from LST-3. Our data also suggests that DBC1 emerged later in evolution than CCAR1. DBC1 contains regions that show less conservation across species as compared to the same regions in CCAR1, suggesting a continuously evolving scenario for DBC1. Overall, this study provides insight into the structure and evolution of DBC1 and CCAR1, which may impact future studies on the biological functions of these proteins.
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Park JH, Lee SW, Yang SW, Yoo HM, Park JM, Seong MW, Ka SH, Oh KH, Jeon YJ, Chung CH. Modification of DBC1 by SUMO2/3 is crucial for p53-mediated apoptosis in response to DNA damage. Nat Commun 2014; 5:5483. [DOI: 10.1038/ncomms6483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2014] [Accepted: 10/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
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22
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Pangon L, Mladenova D, Watkins L, Van Kralingen C, Currey N, Al-Sohaily S, Lecine P, Borg JP, Kohonen-Corish MRJ. MCC inhibits beta-catenin transcriptional activity by sequestering DBC1 in the cytoplasm. Int J Cancer 2014; 136:55-64. [PMID: 24824780 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.28967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2013] [Accepted: 04/28/2014] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The mutated in colorectal cancer (MCC) is a multifunctional gene showing loss of expression in colorectal and liver cancers. MCC mutations can drive colon carcinogenesis in the mouse and in vitro experiments suggest that loss of MCC function promotes cancer through several important cellular pathways. In particular, the MCC protein is known to regulate beta-catenin (β-cat) signaling, but the mechanism is poorly understood. Here we show that the β-cat repressor function of MCC is strongly impaired by the presence of a disease-associated mutation. We also identify deleted in breast cancer 1 (DBC1) as a new MCC interacting partner and regulator of β-cat signaling. RNA interference experiments show that DBC1 promotes β-cat transcriptional activity and that the presence of DBC1 is required for MCC-mediated β-cat repression. In contrast to all other DBC1 interacting partners, MCC does not interact through the DBC1 Leucine Zipper domain but with a glutamic-acid rich region located between the Nudix and EF-hand domains. Furthermore, MCC overexpression relocalizes DBC1 from the nucleus to the cytoplasm and reduces β-cat K49 acetylation. Treatment of cells with the SIRT1 inhibitor Nicotinamide reverses MCC-induced deacetylation of β-cat K49. These data suggest that the cytoplasmic MCC-DBC1 interaction sequesters DBC1 away from the nucleus, thereby removing a brake on DBC1 nuclear targets, such as SIRT1. This study provides new mechanistic insights into the DBC1-MCC axis as a new APC independent β-cat inhibitory pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurent Pangon
- Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, Australia
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Deleted in breast cancer-1 (DBC-1) in the interface between metabolism, aging and cancer. Biosci Rep 2013; 33:BSR20130062. [PMID: 23841676 PMCID: PMC3755336 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20130062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
DBC1 (deleted in breast cancer-1) is a nuclear protein that regulates cellular metabolism. Since alteration in cellular metabolism have been proposed to be the emerging 'hallmark' of cancer, it is possible that DBC1 may be implicated in the regulation of cancer cell energy metabolism. However, at this point any role of DBC1 in cancer is only speculative. In this review, we will discuss the new developments in DBC1 research, its molecular structure, regulatory roles and implication in metabolism, aging and cancer.
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Sharma S, Mahalingam CD, Das V, Jamal S, Levi E, Rishi AK, Datta NS. Cell cycle and apoptosis regulatory protein (CARP)-1 is expressed in osteoblasts and regulated by PTH. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2013; 436:607-12. [PMID: 23764399 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2013.05.136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2013] [Accepted: 05/30/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Bone mass is dependent on osteoblast proliferation, differentiation and life-span of osteoblasts. Parathyroid hormone (PTH) controls osteoblast cell cycle regulatory proteins and suppresses mature osteoblasts apoptosis. Intermittent administration of PTH increases bone mass but the mechanism of action are complex and incompletely understood. Cell Cycle and Apoptosis Regulatory Protein (CARP)-1 (aka CCAR1) is a novel transducer of signaling by diverse agents including cell growth and differentiation factors. To gain further insight into the molecular mechanism, we investigated involvement of CARP-1 in PTH signaling in osteoblasts. Immunostaining studies revealed presence of CARP-1 in osteoblasts and osteocytes, while a minimal to absent levels were noted in the chondrocytes of femora from 10 to 12-week old mice. Treatment of 7-day differentiated MC3T3-E1 clone-4 (MC-4) mouse osteoblastic cells and primary calvarial osteoblasts with PTH for 30min to 5h followed by Western blot analysis showed 2- to 3-fold down-regulation of CARP-1 protein expression in a dose- and time-dependent manner compared to the respective vehicle treated control cells. H-89, a Protein Kinase A (PKA) inhibitor, suppressed PTH action on CARP-1 protein expression indicating PKA-dependent mechanism. PMA, a Protein Kinase C (PKC) agonist, mimicked PTH action, and the PKC inhibitor, GF109203X, partially blocked PTH-dependent downregulation of CARP-1, implying involvement of PKC. U0126, a Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase (MAPK) Kinase (MEK) inhibitor, failed to interfere with CARP-1 suppression by PTH. In contrast, SB203580, p38 inhibitor, attenuated PTH down-regulation of CARP-1 suggesting that PTH utilized an Extracellular Signal Regulated Kinase (ERK)-independent but p38 dependent pathway to regulate CARP-1 protein expression in osteoblasts. Immunofluorescence staining of differentiated osteoblasts further revealed nuclear to cytoplasmic translocation of CARP-1 protein following PTH treatment. Collectively, our studies identified CARP-1 for the first time in osteoblasts and suggest its potential role in PTH signaling and bone anabolic action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonali Sharma
- Department of Internal Medicine/Endocrinology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
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Joshi P, Quach OL, Giguere SSB, Cristea IM. A Functional Proteomics Perspective of DBC1 as a Regulator of Transcription. JOURNAL OF PROTEOMICS & BIOINFORMATICS 2013; Suppl 2:002. [PMID: 24273392 PMCID: PMC3837576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The past few years have seen significant advances in the use of modern proteomics approaches for biological discoveries. Among the fields impacted by proteomics is that of epigenetics, as mass spectrometry-based approaches have allowed the identification and characterization of transcriptional regulators, epigenetic marks, and the constantly evolving epigenetic landscape of a cell in health and disease states. These studies have substantially expanded our understanding of critical genes that mediate cell processes, such as differentiation, cell cycle regulation, and apoptosis. Not surprisingly, a great emphasis has been placed on defining factors that are de-regulated in cancers, in an attempt to define new and specific targets for therapeutic design. Differential gene expression observed during carcinogenesis can be induced by aberrant activities of transcription factors and chromatin remodeling enzymes. Through a series of recent mass spectrometry studies of histone deacetylases and nuclear receptors, Deleted in Breast Cancer 1 (DBC1) has emerged as a master regulator of transcriptional processes. DBC1 acts as a modulator of cellular epigenetic mechanisms and is frequently associated with human metastasis. Through its negative regulation of SIRT1 and HDAC3 deacetylation activities, DBC1 has a broad impact on gene expression, downstream cellular pathways, and associated human diseases. Here, we review the identified roles of DBC1, highlighting the critical contribution of mass spectrometry to these findings. Additionally, we provide a perspective of integrative proteomics approaches that can continue to shed light on the interplay between DBC1 and its protein targets, helping to further define its role in epigenetic modifications and to identify novel targets for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Joshi
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Washington Road, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - O L Quach
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Washington Road, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - S S B Giguere
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Washington Road, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - I M Cristea
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Washington Road, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
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Zannini L, Buscemi G, Kim JE, Fontanella E, Delia D. DBC1 phosphorylation by ATM/ATR inhibits SIRT1 deacetylase in response to DNA damage. J Mol Cell Biol 2012; 4:294-303. [PMID: 22735644 DOI: 10.1093/jmcb/mjs035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Human DBC1 (deleted in breast cancer-1; KIAA1967) is a nuclear protein that, in response to DNA damage, competitively inhibits the NAD(+)-dependent deacetylase SIRT1, a regulator of p53 apoptotic functions in response to genotoxic stress. DBC1 depletion in human cells increases SIRT1 activity, resulting in the deacetylation of p53 and protection from apoptosis. However, the mechanisms regulating this process have not yet been determined. Here, we report that, in human cell lines, DNA damage triggered the phosphorylation of DBC1 on Thr454 by ATM (ataxia telangiectasia-mutated) and ATR (ataxia telangiectasia and Rad3-related) kinases. Phosphorylated DBC1 bound to and inhibited SIRT1, resulting in the dissociation of the SIRT1-p53 complex and stimulating p53 acetylation and p53-dependent cell death. Indeed, DBC1-mediated genotoxicity, which was shown in knockdown experiments to be dependent on SIRT1 and p53 expression, was defective in cells expressing the phospho-mutant DBC1(T454A). This study describes the first post-translational modification of DBC1 and provides new mechanistic insight linking ATM/ATR to the DBC1-SIRT1-p53 apoptotic axis triggered by DNA damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Zannini
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Via Amadeo 42, I-20133 Milan, Italy
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de Souza RF, Aravind L. Identification of novel components of NAD-utilizing metabolic pathways and prediction of their biochemical functions. MOLECULAR BIOSYSTEMS 2012; 8:1661-77. [PMID: 22399070 DOI: 10.1039/c2mb05487f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) is a ubiquitous cofactor participating in numerous redox reactions. It is also a substrate for regulatory modifications of proteins and nucleic acids via the addition of ADP-ribose moieties or removal of acyl groups by transfer to ADP-ribose. In this study, we use in-depth sequence, structure and genomic context analysis to uncover new enzymes and substrate-binding proteins in NAD-utilizing metabolic and macromolecular modification systems. We predict that Escherichia coli YbiA and related families of domains from diverse bacteria, eukaryotes, large DNA viruses and single strand RNA viruses are previously unrecognized components of NAD-utilizing pathways that probably operate on ADP-ribose derivatives. Using contextual analysis we show that some of these proteins potentially act in RNA repair, where NAD is used to remove 2'-3' cyclic phosphodiester linkages. Likewise, we predict that another family of YbiA-related enzymes is likely to comprise a novel NAD-dependent ADP-ribosylation system for proteins, in conjunction with a previously unrecognized ADP-ribosyltransferase. A similar ADP-ribosyltransferase is also coupled with MACRO or ADP-ribosylglycohydrolase domain proteins in other related systems, suggesting that all these novel systems are likely to comprise pairs of ADP-ribosylation and ribosylglycohydrolase enzymes analogous to the DraG-DraT system, and a novel group of bacterial polymorphic toxins. We present evidence that some of these coupled ADP-ribosyltransferases/ribosylglycohydrolases are likely to regulate certain restriction modification enzymes in bacteria. The ADP-ribosyltransferases found in these, the bacterial polymorphic toxin and host-directed toxin systems of bacteria such as Waddlia also throw light on the evolution of this fold and the origin of eukaryotic polyADP-ribosyltransferases and NEURL4-like ARTs, which might be involved in centrosomal assembly. We also infer a novel biosynthetic pathway that might be involved in the synthesis of a nicotinate-derived compound in conjunction with an asparagine synthetase and AMPylating peptide ligase. We use the data derived from this analysis to understand the origin and early evolutionary trajectories of key NAD-utilizing enzymes and present targets for future biochemical investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robson Francisco de Souza
- National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20894, USA
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28
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Puliyappadamba VT, Wu W, Bevis D, Zhang L, Polin L, Kilkuskie R, Finley RL, Larsen SD, Levi E, Miller FR, Wali A, Rishi AK. Antagonists of anaphase-promoting complex (APC)-2-cell cycle and apoptosis regulatory protein (CARP)-1 interaction are novel regulators of cell growth and apoptosis. J Biol Chem 2011; 286:38000-38017. [PMID: 21903591 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m111.222398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
CARP-1/CCAR1, a perinuclear phosphoprotein, is a regulator of cell growth and apoptosis signaling. Although CARP-1 is a regulator of chemotherapy-dependent apoptosis, it is also a part of the NF-κB proteome and a co-activator of steroid/thyroid nuclear receptors as well as β-catenin signaling. Our yeast two-hybrid screen revealed CARP-1 binding with the anaphase-promoting complex/cyclosome E3 ubiquitin ligase component APC-2 protein. CARP-1 also binds with anaphase-promoting complex/cyclosome co-activators Cdc20 and Cdh1. Following mapping of the minimal epitopes involved in CARP-1 binding with APC-2, a fluorescence polarization assay was established that indicated a dissociation constant (K(d)) of 480 nm for CARP-1/APC-2 binding. Fluorescence polarization assay-based high throughput screening of a chemical library yielded several small molecule antagonists of CARP-1/APC-2 binding, termed CARP-1 functional mimetics. CFM-4 (1(2-chlorobenzyl)-5'-phenyl-3'H-spiro[indoline-3,2'-[1,3,4]thiadiazol]-2-one), a lead compound, binds with and stimulates CARP-1 expression. CFM-4 prevents CARP-1 binding with APC-2, causes G(2)M cell cycle arrest, and induces apoptosis with an IC(50) range of 10-15 μm. Apoptosis signaling by CFM-4 involves activation of caspase-8 and -9 and caspase-mediated ubiquitin-proteasome pathway-independent loss of cyclin B1 and Cdc20 proteins. Depletion of CARP-1, however, interferes with CFM-4-dependent cell growth inhibition, activation of caspases, and apoptosis. Because CFM-4 also suppresses growth of drug-resistant human breast cancer cells without affecting the growth of human breast epithelial MCF-10A cells, elevating CARP-1 by CFM-4 and consequent apoptosis could in principle be exploited to further elucidate, and perhaps effectively target, often deregulated cell cycle pathways in pathological conditions, including cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Wenjuan Wu
- Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan 48201
| | - Debra Bevis
- Michigan High-throughput Screening Center, Kalamazoo Valley Community College, Kalamazoo, Michigan 49003
| | - Liyue Zhang
- Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan 48201; John D. Dingell Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan 48201
| | - Lisa Polin
- Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan 48201; Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan 48201
| | - Robert Kilkuskie
- Michigan High-throughput Screening Center, Kalamazoo Valley Community College, Kalamazoo, Michigan 49003
| | - Russell L Finley
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan 48201
| | - Scott D Larsen
- College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109
| | - Edi Levi
- John D. Dingell Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan 48201; Department of Pathology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan 48201
| | - Fred R Miller
- Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan 48201; Department of Pathology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan 48201; Breast Cancer Program, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan 48201
| | - Anil Wali
- John D. Dingell Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan 48201; Department of Surgery, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan 48201
| | - Arun K Rishi
- Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan 48201; John D. Dingell Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan 48201; Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan 48201; Breast Cancer Program, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan 48201.
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Yu EJ, Kim SH, Heo K, Ou CY, Stallcup MR, Kim JH. Reciprocal roles of DBC1 and SIRT1 in regulating estrogen receptor α activity and co-activator synergy. Nucleic Acids Res 2011; 39:6932-43. [PMID: 21596782 PMCID: PMC3167635 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkr347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Estrogen receptor α (ERα) plays critical roles in development and progression of breast cancer. Because ERα activity is strictly dependent upon the interaction with coregulators, coregulators are also believed to contribute to breast tumorigenesis. Cell Cycle and Apoptosis Regulator 1 (CCAR1) is an important co-activator for estrogen-induced gene expression and estrogen-dependent growth of breast cancer cells. Here, we identified Deleted in Breast Cancer 1 (DBC1) as a CCAR1 binding protein. DBC1 was recently shown to function as a negative regulator of the NAD-dependent protein deacetylase SIRT1. DBC1 associates directly with ERα and cooperates synergistically with CCAR1 to enhance ERα function. DBC1 is required for estrogen-induced expression of a subset of ERα target genes as well as breast cancer cell proliferation and for estrogen-induced recruitment of ERα to the target promoters in a gene-specific manner. The mechanism of DBC1 action involves inhibition of SIRT1 interaction with ERα and of SIRT1-mediated deacetylation of ERα. SIRT1 also represses the co-activator synergy between DBC1 and CCAR1 by binding to DBC1 and disrupting its interaction with CCAR1. Our results indicate that DBC1 and SIRT1 play reciprocal roles as major regulators of ERα activity, by regulating DNA binding by ERα and by regulating co-activator synergy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Ji Yu
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul 135-710, Korea
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30
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Protected from the inside: Endogenous histone deacetylase inhibitors and the road to cancer. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2011; 1815:241-52. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2011.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2010] [Revised: 01/16/2011] [Accepted: 01/19/2011] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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31
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Toiber D, Sebastian C, Mostoslavsky R. Characterization of nuclear sirtuins: molecular mechanisms and physiological relevance. Handb Exp Pharmacol 2011; 206:189-224. [PMID: 21879451 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-21631-2_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Sirtuins are protein deacetylases/mono-ADP-ribosyltransferases found in organisms ranging from bacteria to humans. This group of enzymes relies on nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD(+)) as a cofactor linking their activity to the cellular metabolic status. Originally found in yeast, Sir2 was discovered as a silencing factor and has been shown to mediate the effects of calorie restriction on lifespan extension. In mammals seven homologs (SIRT1-7) exist which evolved to have specific biological outcomes depending on the particular cellular context, their interacting proteins, and the genomic loci to where they are actively targeted. Sirtuins biological roles are highlighted in the early lethal phenotypes observed in the deficient murine models. In this chapter, we summarize current concepts on non-metabolic functions for sirtuins, depicting this broad family from yeast to mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debra Toiber
- The Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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32
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Voelter-Mahlknecht S, Mahlknecht U. The sirtuins in the pathogenesis of cancer. Clin Epigenetics 2010; 1:71-83. [PMID: 22704201 PMCID: PMC3365368 DOI: 10.1007/s13148-010-0008-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2010] [Accepted: 08/05/2010] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging is the natural trace that time leaves behind on life during blossom and maturation, culminating in senescence and death. This process is accompanied by a decline in the healthy function of multiple organ systems, leading to increased incidence and mortality from diseases such as diabetes, cancer, cardiovascular disease, and neurodegeneration. Based on the fact that both sirtuin expression and activity appear to be upregulated in some types of cancer while they are being downregulated in others, there is quite some controversy stirring up as to the role of sirtuins, acting as cancer suppressors in some cases while under other circumstances they may promote cellular malignancy. It is therefore currently quite unclear as to what extent and under which particular circumstances sirtuin activators and/or inhibitors will find their place in the treatment of age-related disease and cancer. In this review, we take an effort to bring together the highlights of sirtuin research in order to shed some light on the mechanistic impact that sirtuins have on the pathogenesis of cellular malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Voelter-Mahlknecht
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Immunotherapy and Gene Therapy, José Carreras Center for Immunotherapy and Gene Therapy, Saarland University Medical Center, 66421 Homburg, Saarland Germany
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Hervy M, Hoffman LM, Jensen CC, Smith M, Beckerle MC. The LIM Protein Zyxin Binds CARP-1 and Promotes Apoptosis. Genes Cancer 2010; 1:506-515. [PMID: 20852740 DOI: 10.1177/1947601910376192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Zyxin is a dual-function LIM domain protein that regulates actin dynamics in response to mechanical stress and shuttles between focal adhesions and the cell nucleus. Here we show that zyxin contributes to UV-induced apoptosis. Exposure of wild-type fibroblasts to UV-C irradiation results in apoptotic cell death, whereas cells harboring a homozygous disruption of the zyxin gene display a statistically significant survival advantage. To gain insight into the molecular mechanism by which zyxin promotes apoptotic signaling, we expressed an affinity-tagged zyxin variant in zyxin-null cells and isolated zyxin-associated proteins from cell lysates under physiological conditions. A 130-kDa protein that was co-isolated with zyxin was identified by microsequence analysis as the Cell Cycle and Apoptosis Regulator Protein-1 (CARP-1). CARP-1 associates with the LIM region of zyxin. Zyxin lacking the CARP-1 binding region shows reduced proapoptotic activity in response to UV-C irradiation. We demonstrate that CARP-1 is a nuclear protein. Zyxin is modified by phosphorylation in cells exposed to UV-C irradiation, and nuclear accumulation of zyxin is induced by UV-C exposure. These findings highlight a novel mechanism for modulating the apoptotic response to UV irradiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martial Hervy
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, Departments of Biology and Oncological Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
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Yi J, Luo J. SIRT1 and p53, effect on cancer, senescence and beyond. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-PROTEINS AND PROTEOMICS 2010; 1804:1684-9. [PMID: 20471503 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2010.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 224] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2009] [Revised: 04/01/2010] [Accepted: 05/01/2010] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
NAD(+)-dependent Class III histone deacetylase SIRT1 is a multiple function protein critically involved in stress responses, cellular metabolism and aging through deacetylating a variety of substrates including p53, forkhead-box transcription factors, PGC-1alpha, NF-kappaB, Ku70 and histones. The first discovered non-histone target of SIRT1, p53, is suggested to play a central role in SIRT1-mediated functions in tumorigenesis and senescence. SIRT1 was originally considered to be a potential tumor promoter since it negatively regulates the tumor suppressor p53 and other tumor suppressors. There is new evidence that SIRT1 acts as a tumor suppressor based on its role in negatively regulating beta-catenin and survivin. This review provides an overview of current knowledge of SIRT1-p53 signaling and controversies regarding the functions of SIRT1 in tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjie Yi
- Department of Cancer Biology and the Cancer Center, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
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35
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Haigis MC, Sinclair DA. Mammalian sirtuins: biological insights and disease relevance. ANNUAL REVIEW OF PATHOLOGY-MECHANISMS OF DISEASE 2010; 5:253-95. [PMID: 20078221 DOI: 10.1146/annurev.pathol.4.110807.092250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1573] [Impact Index Per Article: 112.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Aging is accompanied by a decline in the healthy function of multiple organ systems, leading to increased incidence and mortality from diseases such as type II diabetes mellitus, neurodegenerative diseases, cancer, and cardiovascular disease. Historically, researchers have focused on investigating individual pathways in isolated organs as a strategy to identify the root cause of a disease, with hopes of designing better drugs. Studies of aging in yeast led to the discovery of a family of conserved enzymes known as the sirtuins, which affect multiple pathways that increase the life span and the overall health of organisms. Since the discovery of the first known mammalian sirtuin, SIRT1, 10 years ago, there have been major advances in our understanding of the enzymology of sirtuins, their regulation, and their ability to broadly improve mammalian physiology and health span. This review summarizes and discusses the advances of the past decade and the challenges that will confront the field in the coming years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcia C Haigis
- Glenn Laboratories for the Molecular Biology of Aging, Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.
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Abstract
Tumorigenesis is a multistep process controlled by a number of proteins involved in diverse pathways. Traditionally, proteins are either considered as oncogenes, which promote tumorigenesis or as tumor suppressors, which prevent tumorigenesis. However, recent studies revealed quite a few proteins that could function as oncogene as well as tumor suppressor. A new member of such proteins is p30 DBC (deleted in breast cancer 1, also called DBC1). p30 DBC is one of the proteins involved in tumorigenesis that does not clearly adhere to either descriptions. Several studies show that p30 DBC is involved in cell proliferation, apoptosis and histone modification, all processes important for regulating tumorigenesis. However, there are other conflicting results regarding how p30 DBC contributes to tumorigenesis. The most interesting aspect of this is that p30 DBC is a strong inhibitor of SIRT1 protein deacetylase, whose exact role in tumorigenesis is currently under debate. This review summarizes the current understandings on p30 DBC functions, with a focus on the proposed roles of p30 DBC in tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ja-Eun Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, Kyung Hee University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
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37
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Smith BC, Hallows WC, Denu JM. Mechanisms and molecular probes of sirtuins. CHEMISTRY & BIOLOGY 2008; 15:1002-13. [PMID: 18940661 PMCID: PMC2626554 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2008.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2008] [Revised: 09/08/2008] [Accepted: 09/17/2008] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Sirtuins are critical regulators of many cellular processes, including insulin secretion, the cell cycle, and apoptosis. Sirtuins are associated with a variety of age-associated diseases such as type II diabetes, obesity, and Alzheimer's disease. A thorough understanding of sirtuin chemical mechanisms will aid toward developing novel therapeutics that regulate metabolic disorders and combat associated diseases. In this review, we discuss the unique deacetylase mechanism of sirtuins and how this information might be employed to develop inhibitors and other molecular probes for therapeutic and basic research applications. We also cover physiological regulation of sirtuin activity and how these modes of regulation may be exploited to manipulate sirtuin activity in live cells. Development of molecular probes and drugs that specifically target sirtuins will further understanding of sirtuin biology and potentially afford new treatments of several human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian C. Smith
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry; University of Wisconsin, Medical School; Madison, WI 53706; USA
| | - William C. Hallows
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry; University of Wisconsin, Medical School; Madison, WI 53706; USA
| | - John M. Denu
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry; University of Wisconsin, Medical School; Madison, WI 53706; USA
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38
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Nerurkar PV, Nerurkar VR. Can Sir(2) regulate cancer? CELLSCIENCE 2008; 4:50-56. [PMID: 19750026 PMCID: PMC2741025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Sirtuin activators, including small molecules such as polyphenols and resveratrol, are much desired due to their potential to ameliorate metabolic disorder and delay or prevent aging. In contrast, recent studies demonstrate that targeted silencing of sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) expression or activity by the deleted in breast cancer 1 (DBC1) may be beneficial by promoting p53-induced apoptosis in cancer cells, and by sensitizing cancerous cells to radiation therapy. Negative SIRT1 regulation also alleviates gene-repression associated with fragile X mental retardation syndrome. The targeted activation or inhibition of SIRT1 activity therefore emerges as a critical point of regulation in disease pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pratibha V Nerurkar
- Laboratory of Metabolic Disorders and Alternative Medicine, Dept. of Molecular Biosciences and Bioengineering (MBBE), CTAHR, , University of Hawaii, Honolulu
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