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Islam R, Yu RMK, O'Connor WA, Lin X, Lai KP, Leusch FDL, MacFarlane GR. Intergenerational toxicity of 17α-ethinylestradiol (EE2): Effects of parental exposure on early larval development and transcriptomic profiles in the Sydney rock oyster, Saccostrea glomerata. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 475:134876. [PMID: 38870858 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.134876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2024] [Revised: 06/07/2024] [Accepted: 06/09/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
This study exposed adult Sydney rock oysters, of either sex or both, to the synthetic estrogen 17α-ethinylestradiol (EE2) at 50 ng/L for 21 days, followed by an examination of developmental endpoints and transcriptomic responses in unexposed larvae. Reduced survival was observed at 1 day post-fertilisation (dpf) in larvae from bi-parental exposure (FTMT). Motile larvae at 2 dpf were fewer from maternal (FTMC), paternal (FCMT), and FTMT exposures. Additionally, shell length at 7 dpf decreased in larvae from FTMC and FTMT parents. RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) revealed 1064 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in 1-dpf larvae from FTMT parents, while fewer DEGs were detected in larvae from FTMC and FCMT parents, with 258 and 7, respectively. GO and KEGG analyses showed significant enrichment of DEGs in diverse terms and pathways, with limited overlap among treatment groups. IPA results indicated potential inhibition of pathways regulating energy production, larval development, transcription, and detoxification of reactive oxygen species in FTMT larvae. qRT-PCR validation confirmed significant downregulation of selected DEGs involved in these pathways and relevant biological processes, as identified in the RNA-seq dataset. Overall, our results suggest that the intergenerational toxicity of EE2 is primarily maternally transmitted, with bi-parental exposure amplifying these effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafiquel Islam
- School of Environmental and Life Sciences, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia; Department of Applied Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Islamic University, Kushtia 7003, Bangladesh
| | - Richard Man Kit Yu
- School of Environmental and Life Sciences, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - Wayne A O'Connor
- New South Wales Department of Primary Industries, Port Stephens Fisheries Institute, Taylors Beach, NSW 2316, Australia
| | - Xiao Lin
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA
| | - Keng Po Lai
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Integrative Omics, Education Department of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, China
| | - Frederic D L Leusch
- Australian Rivers Institute, School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, QLD 4222, Australia
| | - Geoff R MacFarlane
- School of Environmental and Life Sciences, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia.
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Potes Y, Bermejo-Millo JC, Mendes C, Castelão-Baptista JP, Díaz-Luis A, Pérez-Martínez Z, Solano JJ, Sardão VA, Oliveira PJ, Caballero B, Coto-Montes A, Vega-Naredo I. p66Shc signaling and autophagy impact on C2C12 myoblast differentiation during senescence. Cell Death Dis 2024; 15:200. [PMID: 38459002 PMCID: PMC10923948 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-024-06582-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/10/2024]
Abstract
During aging, muscle regenerative capacities decline, which is concomitant with the loss of satellite cells that enter in a state of irreversible senescence. However, what mechanisms are involved in myogenic senescence and differentiation are largely unknown. Here, we showed that early-passage or "young" C2C12 myoblasts activated the redox-sensitive p66Shc signaling pathway, exhibited a strong antioxidant protection and a bioenergetic profile relying predominantly on OXPHOS, responses that decrease progressively during differentiation. Furthermore, autophagy was increased in myotubes. Otherwise, late-passage or "senescent" myoblasts led to a highly metabolic profile, relying on both OXPHOS and glycolysis, that may be influenced by the loss of SQSTM1/p62 which tightly regulates the metabolic shift from aerobic glycolysis to OXPHOS. Furthermore, during differentiation of late-passage C2C12 cells, both p66Shc signaling and autophagy were impaired and this coincides with reduced myogenic capacity. Our findings recognized that the lack of p66Shc compromises the proliferation and the onset of the differentiation of C2C12 myoblasts. Moreover, the Atg7 silencing favored myoblasts growth, whereas interfered in the viability of differentiated myotubes. Then, our work demonstrates that the p66Shc signaling pathway, which highly influences cellular metabolic status and oxidative environment, is critical for the myogenic commitment and differentiation of C2C12 cells. Our findings also support that autophagy is essential for the metabolic switch observed during the differentiation of C2C12 myoblasts, confirming how its regulation determines cell fate. The regulatory roles of p66Shc and autophagy mechanisms on myogenesis require future attention as possible tools that could predict and measure the aging-related state of frailty and disability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaiza Potes
- Department of Morphology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain.
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Oviedo, Spain.
- Institute of Neurosciences of the Principality of Asturias (INEUROPA), Oviedo, Spain.
| | - Juan C Bermejo-Millo
- Department of Morphology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Oviedo, Spain
- Institute of Neurosciences of the Principality of Asturias (INEUROPA), Oviedo, Spain
| | - Catarina Mendes
- CNC-UC, Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- CIBB, Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - José P Castelão-Baptista
- CNC-UC, Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- CIBB, Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- PDBEB - Doctoral Program in Experimental Biology and Biomedicine, Institute of Interdisciplinary Research, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Andrea Díaz-Luis
- Department of Morphology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Zulema Pérez-Martínez
- Department of Morphology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Oviedo, Spain
- Microbiology service, University Central Hospital of Asturias, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Juan J Solano
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Oviedo, Spain
- Geriatric Service, Monte Naranco Hospital, Av. Doctores Fernández Vega, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Vilma A Sardão
- CIBB, Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- MIA-Portugal - Multidisciplinary Institute of Ageing, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Paulo J Oliveira
- CNC-UC, Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- CIBB, Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Beatriz Caballero
- Department of Morphology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Oviedo, Spain
- Institute of Neurosciences of the Principality of Asturias (INEUROPA), Oviedo, Spain
| | - Ana Coto-Montes
- Department of Morphology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Oviedo, Spain
- Institute of Neurosciences of the Principality of Asturias (INEUROPA), Oviedo, Spain
| | - Ignacio Vega-Naredo
- Department of Morphology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain.
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Oviedo, Spain.
- Institute of Neurosciences of the Principality of Asturias (INEUROPA), Oviedo, Spain.
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Shen C, Jiang Y, Lin J, He Y, Liu Y, Fang D. SIRT6 reduces the symptoms of premature ovarian failure and alleviates oxidative stress and apoptosis in granulosa cells by degrading p66SHC via H3K9AC. Gynecol Endocrinol 2023; 39:2250003. [PMID: 37634527 DOI: 10.1080/09513590.2023.2250003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
CONTEXT Substantial evidence suggests that ovarian oxidative stress can result in severe ovarian dysfunction. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this article is to investigate the potential of SIRT6 in alleviating premature ovarian failure (POF) by inhibiting oxidative stress. METHODS To mimic POF, mice were administered daily subcutaneous injections of d-galactose. The levels of E2, FSH, LH, AMH, and progesterone in serum were measured, along with changes in follicles and SIRT6 levels. Mice were treated with the SIRT6 agonist MDL-800, SIRT6 levels, follicles, and aforementioned hormones were reassessed. The effects of MDL-800 on oxidative stress and apoptosis were subsequently identified. Primary granulosa cells were isolated from mice, and the effects of H2O2 and MDL-800 on cell viability, oxidative stress, SIRT6 level, and apoptosis were evaluated. In addition, the regulation of SIRT6 on H3K9AC/p66SHC was verified by examining changes in protein levels, promoter activity, and the reversal effects of p66SHC overexpression. RESULTS MDL-800 mitigated hormone fluctuations, reduced follicle depletion in ovarian tissue, and attenuated oxidative stress and apoptosis in mice. In vitro experiments demonstrated that MDL-800 enhanced the resilience of primary granulosa cells against H2O2, as evidenced by increased cell viability and reduced oxidative stress and apoptosis. Furthermore, SIRT6 was found to decrease H3K9AC and p66SHC levels, as well as attenuate p66SHC promoter activity. The protective effects of MDL-800 on cells were reversed upon p66SHC overexpression. CONCLUSION In summary, this study highlights that activation of SIRT6 can alleviate POF and reduce oxidative stress by degrading H3K9AC and suppressing p66Shc levels in granulosa cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuan Shen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, P.R. China
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Sichuan University, Ministry of Education, Chengdu, Sichuan, P.R. China
| | - Yongmei Jiang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Sichuan University, Ministry of Education, Chengdu, Sichuan, P.R. China
| | - Jia Lin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, P.R. China
| | - Yibei He
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chengdu Chenghua District Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, P.R. China
| | - Yue Liu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chengdu Chenghua District Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, P.R. China
| | - Dingzhi Fang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, P.R. China
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Mu J, Zhou Z, Sang Q, Wang L. The physiological and pathological mechanisms of early embryonic development. FUNDAMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 2:859-872. [PMID: 38933386 PMCID: PMC11197659 DOI: 10.1016/j.fmre.2022.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Revised: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 10/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Early embryonic development is a complex process. The zygote undergoes several rounds of division to form a blastocyst, and during this process, the zygote undergoes the maternal-to-zygotic transition to gain control of embryonic development and makes two cell fate decisions to differentiate into an embryonic and two extra-embryonic lineages. With the use of new molecular biotechnologies and animal models, we can now further study the molecular mechanisms of early embryonic development and the pathological causes of early embryonic arrest. Here, we first summarize the known molecular regulatory mechanisms of early embryonic development in mice. Then we discuss the pathological factors leading to the early embryonic arrest. We hope that this review will give researchers a relatively complete view of the physiology and pathology of early embryonic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Mu
- The State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Institute of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, The Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Zhou Zhou
- The State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Institute of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, The Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
- NHC Key Lab of Reproduction Regulation, Shanghai Institute for Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Technologies, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Qing Sang
- The State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Institute of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, The Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Lei Wang
- The State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Institute of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, The Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
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Role of Oxidative Stress in Diabetic Cardiomyopathy. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11040784. [PMID: 35453469 PMCID: PMC9030255 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11040784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Revised: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes is a redox disease. Oxidative stress and chronic inflammation induce a switch of metabolic homeostatic set points, leading to glucose intolerance. Several diabetes-specific mechanisms contribute to prominent oxidative distress in the heart, resulting in the development of diabetic cardiomyopathy. Mitochondrial overproduction of reactive oxygen species in diabetic subjects is not only caused by intracellular hyperglycemia in the microvasculature but is also the result of increased fatty oxidation and lipotoxicity in cardiomyocytes. Mitochondrial overproduction of superoxide anion radicals induces, via inhibition of glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase, an increased polyol pathway flux, increased formation of advanced glycation end-products (AGE) and activation of the receptor for AGE (RAGE), activation of protein kinase C isoforms, and an increased hexosamine pathway flux. These pathways not only directly contribute to diabetic cardiomyopathy but are themselves a source of additional reactive oxygen species. Reactive oxygen species and oxidative distress lead to cell dysfunction and cellular injury not only via protein oxidation, lipid peroxidation, DNA damage, and oxidative changes in microRNAs but also via activation of stress-sensitive pathways and redox regulation. Investigations in animal models of diabetic cardiomyopathy have consistently demonstrated that increased expression of the primary antioxidant enzymes attenuates myocardial pathology and improves cardiac function.
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6
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p66Shc-mediated hydrogen peroxide production impairs nephrogenesis causing reduction of number of glomeruli. Life Sci 2021; 279:119661. [PMID: 34087282 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.119661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Revised: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Adaptor protein p66Shc, encoded by Shc1 gene, contributes to the pathogenesis of oxidative stress-related diseases. p66Shc ability to promote oxidative stress-related diseases requires phosphorylation of serine 36 residue (Ser36) and depends on translocation of p66Shc to the mitochondria. We tested the hypothesis that abnormal p66Shc-mediated reactive oxygen species (ROS) production could be critically involved in nephrons development during nephrogenesis. MAIN METHODS We have generated unique mutant rats (termed p66Shc-Del), which express endogenous p66Shc with a 9-amino acid deletion, and lack regulatory Ser36. H2O2 renal production was measured by enzymatic microelectrode biosensors. Nephron numbers in 3-5 weeks old p66Shc-Del rats were quantified using the acid maceration method. KEY FINDINGS p66Shc-Del rats, as wild type salt sensitive rats, display increased mean arterial blood pressure following chronic exposure to a high salt diet. In contrast to wild type rats, p66Shc-Del rats display increased H2O2 renal production and are characterized by a reduction in renal function. The number of glomeruli is significantly reduced in adult p66Shc-Del rats. SIGNIFICANCE Since low nephron number is an established risk factor for kidney disease and hypertension in humans and rodents, our data suggest that H2O2 renal production, caused by irregular signaling of p66Shc, could be critical in regulating nephrogenesis and that abnormal p66Shc signaling negatively impacts kidney development and renal function by increasing susceptibility to diabetic nephropathy and hypertension-induced nephropathy.
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7
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Duran-Ortiz S, List EO, Basu R, Kopchick JJ. Extending lifespan by modulating the growth hormone/insulin-like growth factor-1 axis: coming of age. Pituitary 2021; 24:438-456. [PMID: 33459974 PMCID: PMC8122064 DOI: 10.1007/s11102-020-01117-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Progress made in the years of aging research have allowed the opportunity to explore potential interventions to slow aging and extend healthy lifespan. Studies performed in yeast, worms, flies and mice subjected to genetic and pharmacological interventions have given insight into the cellular and molecular mechanisms associated with longevity. Furthermore, it is now possible to effectively modulate pathways that slow aging at different stages of life (early life or at an adult age). Interestingly, interventions that extend longevity in adult mice have had sex-specific success, suggesting a potential link between particular pathways that modulate aging and sex. For example, reduction of the growth hormone (GH)/insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) axis at an adult age extends lifespan preferentially in females. Moreover, several postnatal dietary interventions tested by the 'Intervention Testing Program (ITP)' from the National Institute of Aging (NIA) have shown that while pharmacological interventions like rapamycin affect the IGF-1/insulin pathway and preferentially extend lifespan in females; dietary compounds that target other cellular pathways are effective only in male mice-indicating mutually exclusive sex-specific pathways. Therefore, a combination of interventions that target non-overlapping aging-related pathways appears to be an effective approach to further extend healthy lifespan in both sexes. Here, we review the germline and postnatal mouse lines that target the GH/IGF-1 axis as a mechanism to extend longevity as well as the dietary compounds that tested positive in the NIA program to increase lifespan. We believe that the interventions reviewed in this paper could constitute feasible combinations for an extended healthy lifespan in both male and female mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvana Duran-Ortiz
- Edison Biotechnology Institute, Ohio University, Athens, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, Ohio University, Athens, USA
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, Ohio University, Athens, USA
| | - Edward O List
- Edison Biotechnology Institute, Ohio University, Athens, USA
| | - Reetobrata Basu
- Edison Biotechnology Institute, Ohio University, Athens, USA
| | - John J Kopchick
- Edison Biotechnology Institute, Ohio University, Athens, USA.
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, Ohio University, Athens, USA.
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, OH, 45701, USA.
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Palkina KA, Ipatova DA, Shakhova ES, Balakireva AV, Markina NM. Therapeutic Potential of Hispidin-Fungal and Plant Polyketide. J Fungi (Basel) 2021; 7:jof7050323. [PMID: 33922000 PMCID: PMC8143579 DOI: 10.3390/jof7050323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Revised: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
There is a large number of bioactive polyketides well-known for their anticancer, antibiotic, cholesterol-lowering, and other therapeutic functions, and hispidin is among them. It is a highly abundant secondary plant and fungal metabolite, which is investigated in research devoted to cancer, metabolic syndrome, cardiovascular, neurodegenerative, and viral diseases. This review summarizes over 20 years of hispidin studies of its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic, antiviral, and anti-cancer cell activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kseniia A. Palkina
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 117997 Moscow, Russia; (K.A.P.); (D.A.I.); (E.S.S.); (A.V.B.)
- Planta LLC, 121205 Moscow, Russia
| | - Daria A. Ipatova
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 117997 Moscow, Russia; (K.A.P.); (D.A.I.); (E.S.S.); (A.V.B.)
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biomedicine, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, 117997 Moscow, Russia
| | - Ekaterina S. Shakhova
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 117997 Moscow, Russia; (K.A.P.); (D.A.I.); (E.S.S.); (A.V.B.)
- Planta LLC, 121205 Moscow, Russia
| | - Anastasia V. Balakireva
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 117997 Moscow, Russia; (K.A.P.); (D.A.I.); (E.S.S.); (A.V.B.)
- Planta LLC, 121205 Moscow, Russia
| | - Nadezhda M. Markina
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 117997 Moscow, Russia; (K.A.P.); (D.A.I.); (E.S.S.); (A.V.B.)
- Planta LLC, 121205 Moscow, Russia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +7-9161342855
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Mir HA, Ali R, Mushtaq U, Khanday FA. Structure-functional implications of longevity protein p66Shc in health and disease. Ageing Res Rev 2020; 63:101139. [PMID: 32795504 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2020.101139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
ShcA (Src homologous- collagen homologue), family of adapter proteins, consists of three isoforms which integrate and transduce external stimuli to different signaling networks. ShcA family consists of p46Shc, p52Shc and p66Shc isoforms, characterized by having multiple protein-lipid and protein-protein interaction domains implying their functional diversity. Among the three isoforms p66Shc is structurally different containing an additional CH2 domain which attributes to its dual functionality in cell growth, mediating both cell proliferation and apoptosis. Besides, p66Shc is also involved in different biological processes including reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, cell migration, ageing, cytoskeletal reorganization and cell adhesion. Moreover, the interplay between p66Shc and ROS is implicated in the pathology of various dreadful diseases. Accordingly, here we discuss the recent structural aspects of all ShcA adaptor proteins but are highlighting the case of p66Shc as model isoform. Furthermore, this review insights the role of p66Shc in progression of chronic age-related diseases like neuro diseases, metabolic disorders (non-alcoholic fatty liver, obesity, diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, vascular endothelial dysfunction) and cancer in relation to ROS. We finally conclude that p66Shc might act as a valuable biomarker for the prognosis of these diseases and could be used as a potential therapeutic target.
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10
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Madreiter-Sokolowski CT, Thomas C, Ristow M. Interrelation between ROS and Ca 2+ in aging and age-related diseases. Redox Biol 2020; 36:101678. [PMID: 32810740 PMCID: PMC7451758 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2020.101678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 164] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Revised: 07/26/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Calcium (Ca2+) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) are versatile signaling molecules coordinating physiological and pathophysiological processes. While channels and pumps shuttle Ca2+ ions between extracellular space, cytosol and cellular compartments, short-lived and highly reactive ROS are constantly generated by various production sites within the cell. Ca2+ controls membrane potential, modulates mitochondrial adenosine triphosphate (ATP) production and affects proteins like calcineurin (CaN) or calmodulin (CaM), which, in turn, have a wide area of action. Overwhelming Ca2+ levels within mitochondria efficiently induce and trigger cell death. In contrast, ROS comprise a diverse group of relatively unstable molecules with an odd number of electrons that abstract electrons from other molecules to gain stability. Depending on the type and produced amount, ROS act either as signaling molecules by affecting target proteins or as harmful oxidative stressors by damaging cellular components. Due to their wide range of actions, it is little wonder that Ca2+ and ROS signaling pathways overlap and impact one another. Growing evidence suggests a crucial implication of this mutual interplay on the development and enhancement of age-related disorders, including cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases as well as cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corina T Madreiter-Sokolowski
- Energy Metabolism Laboratory, Institute of Translational Medicine, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH), Zurich, Switzerland; Holder of an Erwin Schroedinger Abroad Fellowship, Austrian Science Fund (FWF), Austria.
| | - Carolin Thomas
- Energy Metabolism Laboratory, Institute of Translational Medicine, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH), Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Michael Ristow
- Energy Metabolism Laboratory, Institute of Translational Medicine, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH), Zurich, Switzerland
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Chen Z, Zhou Q, Liu C, Zeng Y, Yuan S. Klotho deficiency aggravates diabetes-induced podocyte injury due to DNA damage caused by mitochondrial dysfunction. Int J Med Sci 2020; 17:2763-2772. [PMID: 33162804 PMCID: PMC7645346 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.49690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a progressive disease, the main pathogeny of which is podocyte injury inducing glomerular filtration barrier and proteinuria. The occurrence and development of DN could be partly attributed to the reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated by mitochondria. However, research on how mitochondrial dysfunction (MtD) ultimately causes DNA damage is poor. Here, we investigated the influence of Klotho deficiency on high glucose (HG)-induced DNA damage in vivo and in vitro. First, we found that the absence of Klotho aggravated diabetic phenotypes indicated by podocyte injury accompanied by elevated urea albumin creatinine ratio (UACR), creatinine and urea nitrogen. Then, we further confirmed that Klotho deficiency could significantly aggravate DNA damage by increasing 8-OHdG and reducing OGG1. Finally, we demonstrated Klotho deficiency may promote MtD to promote 8-OHdG-induced podocyte injury. Therefore, we came to a conclusion that Klotho deficiency may promote diabetes-induced podocytic MtD and aggravate 8-OHdG-induced DNA damage by affecting OOG1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Chen
- University-Town Clinic, 958 hospital of PLA Army, Chongqing, 400020, People's Republic of China
| | - Qing Zhou
- School of Military Preventive Medicine, Army Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400020, People's Republic of China
| | - Cong Liu
- Center of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Prevention and Treatment Center for Occupational Disease, Chongqing, 400060, People's Republic of China
| | - Yiping Zeng
- Department of orthopedics, Chongqing general hospital, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, 400014, People's Republic of China
| | - Shaolong Yuan
- University-Town Clinic, 958 hospital of PLA Army, Chongqing, 400020, People's Republic of China
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12
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Jiang W, Xiao T, Han W, Xiong J, He T, Liu Y, Huang Y, Yang K, Bi X, Xu X, Yu Y, Li Y, Gu J, Zhang J, Huang Y, Zhang B, Zhao J. Klotho inhibits PKCα/p66SHC-mediated podocyte injury in diabetic nephropathy. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2019; 494:110490. [PMID: 31207271 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2019.110490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Revised: 06/12/2019] [Accepted: 06/12/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a progressive disease, the main pathogeny of which is podocyte injury. As a calcium-dependent serine/threonine protein kinase involved in podocyte injury, protein kinase C isoform α (PKCα) was reported to regulate the phosphorylation of p66SHC. However, the role of PKCα/p66SHC in DN remains unknown. Klotho, an anti-aging protein with critical roles in protecting kidney, is expressed predominantly in the kidney and secreted in the blood. Nonetheless, the mechanism underlying amelioration of podocyte injury by Klotho in DN remains unclear. Our data showed that Klotho was decreased in STZ-treated mice and was further declined in diabetic KL ± mice. As expected, Klotho deficiency aggravated diabetes-induced proteinuria and podocyte injury, accompanied by the activation of PKCα and p66SHC. In contrast, overexpression of Klotho partially ameliorated PKCα/p66SHC-mediated podocyte injury and proteinuria. In addition, in vitro experiments showed that activation of PKCα and subsequently increased intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) was involved in podocytic apoptosis induced by high glucose (HG), which could be partially reversed by Klotho. Hence, we conclude that Klotho might inhibit PKCα/p66SHC-mediated podocyte injury in diabetic nephropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Jiang
- Department of Nephrology, Institute of Nephrology of Chongqing and Kidney Center of PLA, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Tangli Xiao
- Department of Nephrology, Institute of Nephrology of Chongqing and Kidney Center of PLA, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Wenhao Han
- Department of Nephrology, Institute of Nephrology of Chongqing and Kidney Center of PLA, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jiachuan Xiong
- Department of Nephrology, Institute of Nephrology of Chongqing and Kidney Center of PLA, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ting He
- Department of Nephrology, Institute of Nephrology of Chongqing and Kidney Center of PLA, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yong Liu
- Department of Nephrology, Institute of Nephrology of Chongqing and Kidney Center of PLA, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yinghui Huang
- Department of Nephrology, Institute of Nephrology of Chongqing and Kidney Center of PLA, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ke Yang
- Department of Nephrology, Institute of Nephrology of Chongqing and Kidney Center of PLA, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xianjin Bi
- Department of Nephrology, Institute of Nephrology of Chongqing and Kidney Center of PLA, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xinli Xu
- Department of Nephrology, Institute of Nephrology of Chongqing and Kidney Center of PLA, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yanlin Yu
- Department of Nephrology, Institute of Nephrology of Chongqing and Kidney Center of PLA, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Nephrology, Institute of Nephrology of Chongqing and Kidney Center of PLA, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jun Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, College of Life Science, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Jingbo Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Institute of Nephrology of Chongqing and Kidney Center of PLA, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yunjian Huang
- Department of Nephrology, Institute of Nephrology of Chongqing and Kidney Center of PLA, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Bo Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Institute of Nephrology of Chongqing and Kidney Center of PLA, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China.
| | - Jinghong Zhao
- Department of Nephrology, Institute of Nephrology of Chongqing and Kidney Center of PLA, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China.
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13
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Modulation of Obesity and Insulin Resistance by the Redox Enzyme and Adaptor Protein p66 Shc. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20040985. [PMID: 30813483 PMCID: PMC6412263 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20040985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Revised: 02/15/2019] [Accepted: 02/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Initially reported as a longevity-related protein, the 66 kDa isoform of the mammalian Shc1 locus has been implicated in several metabolic pathways, being able to act both as an adaptor protein and as a redox enzyme capable of generating reactive oxygen species (ROS) when it localizes to the mitochondrion. Ablation of p66Shc has been shown to be protective against obesity and the insurgence of insulin resistance, but not all the studies available in the literature agree on these points. This review will focus in particular on the role of p66Shc in the modulation of glucose homeostasis, obesity, body temperature, and respiration/energy expenditure. In view of the obesity and diabetes epidemic, p66Shc may represent a promising therapeutic target with enormous implications for human health.
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14
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Zhang T, Zhao X, Hai R, Li R, Zhang W, Zhang J. p66Shc is associated with hydrogen peroxide-induced oxidative stress in preimplantation sheep embryos. Mol Reprod Dev 2019; 86:342-350. [PMID: 30636355 DOI: 10.1002/mrd.23110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2018] [Accepted: 01/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The low efficiency of in vitro embryo production is associated with oxidative stress induced by suboptimal culture conditions. p66Shc is a 66-kDa protein of the ShcA (Src homologous-collagen homolog) adaptor protein family, which is involved in signaling pathways involved in oxidative stress regulation, apoptosis induction, and aging. However, the functional role of p66Shc during the preimplantation development of sheep embryos is not understood. Our results showed that early-cleavage (≤28 hr) embryos had a higher developmental potential than late-cleavage (>28 hr) embryos. The poor quality of these late-cleavage embryos was associated with increased the transcripts and protein of p66Shc and decreased mitochondrial activity. In addition, exogenous hydrogen peroxide-induced oxidative stress significantly increased p66Shc protein abundance and suppressed embryonic development, which was ameliorated by antioxidant treatment. Notably, oxidative stress induced the nuclear localization of p66Shc and phosphorylated (Ser-36) p66Shc. Collectively, these observations suggest that p66Shc may be playing an important role in the regulation of oxidative stress during the preimplantation development of sheep embryos.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Zhang
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, China.,Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science,Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, China.,Department of Basic Medicine, School of Medicine, Shanxi Datong University, Datong, Shanxi, China
| | - Xiaofang Zhao
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, China.,Department of Basic Medicine, School of Medicine, Shanxi Datong University, Datong, Shanxi, China
| | - Rihan Hai
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, China.,Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science,Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Ruilan Li
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, China.,Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science,Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, China.,Department of Basic Medicine, School of Medicine, Shanxi Datong University, Datong, Shanxi, China
| | - Wenguang Zhang
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, China.,Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science,Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Jiaxin Zhang
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, China.,Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science,Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, China
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15
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Lang C, Campbell KR, Ryan BJ, Carling P, Attar M, Vowles J, Perestenko OV, Bowden R, Baig F, Kasten M, Hu MT, Cowley SA, Webber C, Wade-Martins R. Single-Cell Sequencing of iPSC-Dopamine Neurons Reconstructs Disease Progression and Identifies HDAC4 as a Regulator of Parkinson Cell Phenotypes. Cell Stem Cell 2019; 24:93-106.e6. [PMID: 30503143 PMCID: PMC6327112 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2018.10.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2018] [Revised: 07/13/2018] [Accepted: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived dopamine neurons provide an opportunity to model Parkinson's disease (PD), but neuronal cultures are confounded by asynchronous and heterogeneous appearance of disease phenotypes in vitro. Using high-resolution, single-cell transcriptomic analyses of iPSC-derived dopamine neurons carrying the GBA-N370S PD risk variant, we identified a progressive axis of gene expression variation leading to endoplasmic reticulum stress. Pseudotime analysis of genes differentially expressed (DE) along this axis identified the transcriptional repressor histone deacetylase 4 (HDAC4) as an upstream regulator of disease progression. HDAC4 was mislocalized to the nucleus in PD iPSC-derived dopamine neurons and repressed genes early in the disease axis, leading to late deficits in protein homeostasis. Treatment of iPSC-derived dopamine neurons with HDAC4-modulating compounds upregulated genes early in the DE axis and corrected PD-related cellular phenotypes. Our study demonstrates how single-cell transcriptomics can exploit cellular heterogeneity to reveal disease mechanisms and identify therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charmaine Lang
- Oxford Parkinson's Disease Centre, Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, UK
| | - Kieran R Campbell
- Oxford Parkinson's Disease Centre, Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, UK; The Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Brent J Ryan
- Oxford Parkinson's Disease Centre, Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, UK
| | - Phillippa Carling
- Oxford Parkinson's Disease Centre, Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, UK
| | - Moustafa Attar
- The Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Jane Vowles
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3RE, UK
| | - Olga V Perestenko
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3RE, UK
| | - Rory Bowden
- The Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Fahd Baig
- Oxford Parkinson's Disease Centre, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Meike Kasten
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy and Institute of Neurogenetics, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Michele T Hu
- Oxford Parkinson's Disease Centre, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Sally A Cowley
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3RE, UK
| | - Caleb Webber
- Oxford Parkinson's Disease Centre, Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, UK.
| | - Richard Wade-Martins
- Oxford Parkinson's Disease Centre, Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, UK.
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16
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Giorgi C, Marchi S, Simoes IC, Ren Z, Morciano G, Perrone M, Patalas-Krawczyk P, Borchard S, Jȩdrak P, Pierzynowska K, Szymański J, Wang DQ, Portincasa P, Wȩgrzyn G, Zischka H, Dobrzyn P, Bonora M, Duszynski J, Rimessi A, Karkucinska-Wieckowska A, Dobrzyn A, Szabadkai G, Zavan B, Oliveira PJ, Sardao VA, Pinton P, Wieckowski MR. Mitochondria and Reactive Oxygen Species in Aging and Age-Related Diseases. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2018; 340:209-344. [PMID: 30072092 PMCID: PMC8127332 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2018.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 195] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Aging has been linked to several degenerative processes that, through the accumulation of molecular and cellular damage, can progressively lead to cell dysfunction and organ failure. Human aging is linked with a higher risk for individuals to develop cancer, neurodegenerative, cardiovascular, and metabolic disorders. The understanding of the molecular basis of aging and associated diseases has been one major challenge of scientific research over the last decades. Mitochondria, the center of oxidative metabolism and principal site of reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, are crucial both in health and in pathogenesis of many diseases. Redox signaling is important for the modulation of cell functions and several studies indicate a dual role for ROS in cell physiology. In fact, high concentrations of ROS are pathogenic and can cause severe damage to cell and organelle membranes, DNA, and proteins. On the other hand, moderate amounts of ROS are essential for the maintenance of several biological processes, including gene expression. In this review, we provide an update regarding the key roles of ROS-mitochondria cross talk in different fundamental physiological or pathological situations accompanying aging and highlighting that mitochondrial ROS may be a decisive target in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlotta Giorgi
- Department of Morphology Surgery and Experimental Medicine, Section of Pathology Oncology and Experimental Biology, Interdisciplinary Center for the Study of Inflammation (ICSI), Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Saverio Marchi
- Department of Morphology Surgery and Experimental Medicine, Section of Pathology Oncology and Experimental Biology, Interdisciplinary Center for the Study of Inflammation (ICSI), Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Ines C.M. Simoes
- Department of Biochemistry, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Ziyu Ren
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Consortium for Mitochondrial Research, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Giampaolo Morciano
- Department of Morphology Surgery and Experimental Medicine, Section of Pathology Oncology and Experimental Biology, Interdisciplinary Center for the Study of Inflammation (ICSI), Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
- Cecilia Hospital, GVM Care & Research, 48033 Cotignola, Ravenna, Italy
- Maria Pia Hospital, GVM Care & Research, Torino, Italy
| | - Mariasole Perrone
- Department of Morphology Surgery and Experimental Medicine, Section of Pathology Oncology and Experimental Biology, Interdisciplinary Center for the Study of Inflammation (ICSI), Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Paulina Patalas-Krawczyk
- Department of Biochemistry, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Sabine Borchard
- Institute of Molecular Toxicology and Pharmacology, Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Paulina Jȩdrak
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | | | - Jȩdrzej Szymański
- Department of Biochemistry, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - David Q. Wang
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Marion Bessin Liver Research Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States
| | - Piero Portincasa
- Clinica Medica “A. Murri”, Dept. of Biomedical Sciences & Human Oncology, University of Bari "Aldo Moro" Medical School, Bari, Italy
| | - Grzegorz Wȩgrzyn
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Hans Zischka
- Institute of Molecular Toxicology and Pharmacology, Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Toxicology and Environmental Hygiene, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Pawel Dobrzyn
- Department of Biochemistry, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Massimo Bonora
- Departments of Cell Biology and Gottesman Institute for Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine Research, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States
| | - Jerzy Duszynski
- Department of Biochemistry, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Alessandro Rimessi
- Department of Morphology Surgery and Experimental Medicine, Section of Pathology Oncology and Experimental Biology, Interdisciplinary Center for the Study of Inflammation (ICSI), Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | | | | | - Gyorgy Szabadkai
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Consortium for Mitochondrial Research, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Barbara Zavan
- Cecilia Hospital, GVM Care & Research, 48033 Cotignola, Ravenna, Italy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Paulo J. Oliveira
- CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, UC-Biotech, Biocant Park, University of Coimbra, Cantanhede, Portugal
| | - Vilma A. Sardao
- CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, UC-Biotech, Biocant Park, University of Coimbra, Cantanhede, Portugal
| | - Paolo Pinton
- Department of Morphology Surgery and Experimental Medicine, Section of Pathology Oncology and Experimental Biology, Interdisciplinary Center for the Study of Inflammation (ICSI), Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
- Cecilia Hospital, GVM Care & Research, 48033 Cotignola, Ravenna, Italy
| | - Mariusz R. Wieckowski
- Department of Biochemistry, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
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17
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Cai X, Hu Y, Tang H, Hu H, Pang L, Xing J, Liu Z, Luo Y, Jiang B, Liu T, Gorospe M, Chen C, Wang W. RNA methyltransferase NSUN2 promotes stress-induced HUVEC senescence. Oncotarget 2017; 7:19099-110. [PMID: 26992231 PMCID: PMC4991368 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.8087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2016] [Accepted: 02/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The tRNA methyltransferase NSUN2 delays replicative senescence by regulating the translation of CDK1 and CDKN1B mRNAs. However, whether NSUN2 influences premature cellular senescence remains untested. Here we show that NSUN2 methylates SHC mRNA in vitro and in cells, thereby enhancing the translation of the three SHC proteins, p66SHC, p52SHC, and p46SHC. Our results further show that the elevation of SHC expression by NSUN2-mediated mRNA methylation increased the levels of ROS, activated p38MAPK, thereby accelerating oxidative stress- and high-glucose-induced senescence of human vascular endothelial cells (HUVEC). Our findings highlight the critical impact of NSUN2-mediated mRNA methylation in promoting premature senescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Cai
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Yuanyuan Hu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Hao Tang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Han Hu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Lijun Pang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Junyue Xing
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Zhenyun Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Yuhong Luo
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Bin Jiang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Te Liu
- Shanghai Geriatric Institute of Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Myriam Gorospe
- Laboratory of Genetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Chuan Chen
- Shanghai Geriatric Institute of Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Wengong Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, P.R. China
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18
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Abstract
Vascular complications contribute significantly to morbidity and mortality of diabetes mellitus. The primary cause of vascular complications in diabetes mellitus is hyperglycaemia, associated with endothelial dysfunction and impaired neovascularization. Circulating endothelial progenitor cells was shown to play important roles in vascular repair and promoting neovascularization. In this review, we will demonstrate the individual effect of high glucose on endothelial progenitor cells. Endothelial progenitor cells isolated from healthy subjects exposed to high glucose conditions or endothelial progenitor cells isolated from diabetic patients exhibit reduced number of endothelial cell colony forming units, impaired abilities of differentiation, proliferation, adhesion and migration, tubulization, secretion, mobilization and homing, whereas enhanced senescence. Increased production of reactive oxygen species by the mitochondria seems to play a crucial role in high glucose-induced endothelial progenitor cells deficit. Later, we will review the agents that might be used to alleviate dysfunction of endothelial progenitor cells induced by high glucose. The conclusions are that the relationship between hyperglycaemia and endothelial progenitor cells dysfunction is only beginning to be recognized, and future studies should pay more attention to the haemodynamic environment of endothelial progenitor cells and ageing factors to discover novel treatment agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyan Kang
- 1 Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of the Ministry of Education, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China
| | - Xuejiao Ma
- 1 Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of the Ministry of Education, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China
| | - Jiajia Liu
- 1 Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of the Ministry of Education, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China
| | - Yubo Fan
- 1 Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of the Ministry of Education, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China
- 2 National Research Center for Rehabilitation Technical Aids, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoyan Deng
- 1 Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of the Ministry of Education, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China
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19
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Mascarenhas DD, Herndon DN, Arany I. Epigenetic memory of oxidative stress: does nephrilin exert its protective effects via Rac1? Biologics 2017; 11:97-106. [PMID: 28761330 PMCID: PMC5522666 DOI: 10.2147/btt.s136188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Aim Nephrilin peptide, a designed inhibitor of Rictor complex (mTORC2), exerts pleiotropic protective effects in metabolic, xenobiotic and traumatic stress models. Stress can generate enduring epigenetic changes in gene function. In this work we examine the possibility that nephrilin treatment protects against acute and enduring global changes in oxidative metabolism, with a focus on the Rictor-complex-mediated activation of Rac1, a subunit of NADPH oxidase (Nox) via PKCs, Prex1 and p66shc. Methods Given the wide range of animal models in which nephrilin peptide has previously demonstrated effectiveness in vivo, we chose three different experimental systems for this investigation: dermal fibroblasts, renal proximal tubule epithelial cells (PTECs), and kidney tissue and urine from an animal model of burn trauma in which nephrilin was previously shown to prevent loss of kidney function. Results (1) Nephrilin protects dermal fibroblasts from loss of viability and collagen synthesis after ultraviolet A (UV-A) or H2O2 insult. (2) Nephrilin reduces reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation by H2O2–treated (PTECs) with or without nicotine pretreatment. Using RNA arrays and pathway analysis we demonstrate that nicotine and H2O2-treated PTECs specifically induced Rac1 gene networks in these cells. (3) Using kidney tissue and urine from the burn trauma model we demonstrate significant elevations of [a] 8-aminoprostane in urine; [b] kidney tissue histone modification and DNA methylation; and [c] post-transcriptional phosphorylation events consistent with Rac1 activation in kidney tissue. Conclusion Nephrilin protects against oxidative stress, possibly by modulating the activation of Rac1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Desmond D Mascarenhas
- Mayflower Organization for Research & Education, Sunnyvale, CA.,Transporin, Inc., Sunnyvale, CA
| | - David N Herndon
- Department of Surgery, The University of Texas Medical Branch, and Shriners Hospitals for Children, Galveston, TX
| | - Istvan Arany
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Nephrology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
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20
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Wojtala A, Karkucinska-Wieckowska A, Sardao VA, Szczepanowska J, Kowalski P, Pronicki M, Duszynski J, Wieckowski MR. Modulation of mitochondrial dysfunction-related oxidative stress in fibroblasts of patients with Leigh syndrome by inhibition of prooxidative p66Shc pathway. Mitochondrion 2017; 37:62-79. [PMID: 28739512 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2017.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2016] [Revised: 05/22/2017] [Accepted: 07/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The mitochondrial respiratory chain, and in particular, complex I, is a major source of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in cells. Elevated levels of ROS are associated with an imbalance between the rate of ROS formation and the capacity of the antioxidant defense system. Increased ROS production may lead to oxidation of DNA, lipids and proteins and thus can affect fundamental cellular processes. The aim of this study was to investigate the magnitude of intracellular oxidative stress in fibroblasts of patients with Leigh syndrome with defined mutations in complex I. Moreover, we hypothesized that activation of the p66Shc protein (phosphorylation of p66Shc at Ser36 by PKCβ), being part of the oxidative stress response pathway, is partially responsible for the increased ROS production in cells with dysfunctional complex I. Characterization of bioenergetic parameters and ROS production showed that the cellular model of Leigh syndrome is described by increased intracellular oxidative stress and oxidative damage to DNA and proteins, which correlate with increased p66Shc phosphorylation at Ser36. Treatment of patients' fibroblasts with hispidin (an inhibitor of the protein kinase PKCβ), in addition to decreasing ROS production and intracellular oxidative stress, resulted in restoration of complex I activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Wojtala
- Department of Biochemistry, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Warsaw, Poland
| | | | - Vilma A Sardao
- CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, UC-Biotech Building, Biocant Park, Cantanhede, Portugal
| | - Joanna Szczepanowska
- Department of Biochemistry, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Pawel Kowalski
- Department of Medical Genetics, The Children's Memorial Health Institute, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Maciej Pronicki
- Department of Pathology, The Children's Memorial Health Institute, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jerzy Duszynski
- Department of Biochemistry, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Mariusz R Wieckowski
- Department of Biochemistry, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Warsaw, Poland.
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Incalza MA, D'Oria R, Natalicchio A, Perrini S, Laviola L, Giorgino F. Oxidative stress and reactive oxygen species in endothelial dysfunction associated with cardiovascular and metabolic diseases. Vascul Pharmacol 2017; 100:1-19. [PMID: 28579545 DOI: 10.1016/j.vph.2017.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 746] [Impact Index Per Article: 106.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2017] [Revised: 05/21/2017] [Accepted: 05/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are reactive intermediates of molecular oxygen that act as important second messengers within the cells; however, an imbalance between generation of reactive ROS and antioxidant defense systems represents the primary cause of endothelial dysfunction, leading to vascular damage in both metabolic and atherosclerotic diseases. Endothelial activation is the first alteration observed, and is characterized by an abnormal pro-inflammatory and pro-thrombotic phenotype of the endothelial cells lining the lumen of blood vessels. This ultimately leads to reduced nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability, impairment of the vascular tone and other endothelial phenotypic changes collectively termed endothelial dysfunction(s). This review will focus on the main mechanisms involved in the onset of endothelial dysfunction, with particular focus on inflammation and aberrant ROS production and on their relationship with classical and non-classical cardiovascular risk factors, such as hypertension, metabolic disorders, and aging. Furthermore, new mediators of vascular damage, such as microRNAs, will be discussed. Understanding mechanisms underlying the development of endothelial dysfunction is an important base of knowledge to prevent vascular damage in metabolic and cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Angela Incalza
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, Section on Internal Medicine, Endocrinology, Andrology and Metabolic Diseases, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Rossella D'Oria
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, Section on Internal Medicine, Endocrinology, Andrology and Metabolic Diseases, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Annalisa Natalicchio
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, Section on Internal Medicine, Endocrinology, Andrology and Metabolic Diseases, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Sebastio Perrini
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, Section on Internal Medicine, Endocrinology, Andrology and Metabolic Diseases, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Luigi Laviola
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, Section on Internal Medicine, Endocrinology, Andrology and Metabolic Diseases, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Francesco Giorgino
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, Section on Internal Medicine, Endocrinology, Andrology and Metabolic Diseases, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy.
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Inhibition of p66Shc-mediated mitochondrial apoptosis via targeting prolyl-isomerase Pin1 attenuates intestinal ischemia/reperfusion injury in rats. Clin Sci (Lond) 2017; 131:759-773. [PMID: 28232511 DOI: 10.1042/cs20160799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2016] [Revised: 02/21/2017] [Accepted: 02/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Intestinal epithelial oxidative stress and apoptosis constitute key pathogenic mechanisms underlying intestinal ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. We previously reported that the adaptor 66 kDa isoform of the adaptor molecule ShcA (p66Shc)-mediated pro-apoptotic pathway was activated after intestinal I/R. However, the upstream regulators of the p66Shc pathway involved in intestinal I/R remain to be fully identified. Here, we focused on the role of a prolyl-isomerase, peptidyl–prolyl cis–trans isomerase (Pin1), in the regulation of p66Shc activity during intestinal I/R. Intestinal I/R was induced in rats by superior mesenteric artery (SMA) occlusion. Juglone (Pin1 inhibitor) or vehicle was injected intraperitoneally before I/R challenge. Caco-2 cells were exposed to hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) in vitro to simulate an in vivo I/R model. We found that p66Shc was significantly up-regulated in the I/R intestine and that this up-regulation resulted in the accumulation of intestinal mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) and massive epithelial apoptosis. Moreover, intestinal I/R resulted in elevated protein expression and enzyme activity of Pin1 as well as increased interaction between Pin1 and p66Shc. This Pin1 activation was responsible for the translocation of p66Shc to the mitochondria during intestinal I/R, as Pin1 suppression by juglone or siRNA markedly blunted p66Shc mitochondrial translocation and the subsequent ROS generation and cellular apoptosis. Additionally, Pin1 inhibition alleviated gut damage and secondary lung injury, leading to improvement of survival after I/R. Collectively, our findings demonstrate for the first time that Pin1 inhibition protects against intestinal I/R injury, which could be partially attributed to the p66Shc-mediated mitochondrial apoptosis pathway. This may represent a novel prophylactic target for intestinal I/R injury.
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Yang J, Yu HM, Zhou XD, Huang HP, Han Z, Kolosov VP, Perelman JM. Cigarette smoke induces mucin hypersecretion and inflammatory response through the p66shc adaptor protein-mediated mechanism in human bronchial epithelial cells. Mol Immunol 2016; 69:86-98. [PMID: 26608927 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2015.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2015] [Revised: 11/02/2015] [Accepted: 11/03/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The p66Shc adaptor protein is a newly recognized mediator of mitochondrial dysfunction and might play a role in cigarette smoke (CS)-induced airway epithelial cell injury. CS can induce an excessive amount of reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, which can cause mitochondrial depolarization and injury through the oxidative stress-mediated Serine36 phosphorylation of p66Shc. The excessive production of ROS can trigger an inflammatory response and mucin hypersecretion by enhancing the transcriptional activity of pro-inflammatory cytokines and mucin genes. Therefore, we speculate that p66Shc plays an essential role in airway epithelial cell injury and the process of mucin generation in CS-induced chronic inflammatory airway diseases. Our present study focuses on the role of p66Shc in ROS generation, and on the resulting mitochondrial dysfunction, inflammatory response and mucus hypersecretion in CS-stimulated human bronchial epithelial cells (16HBE). We found that CS disturbed the mitochondrial function by increasing the level of phosphorylated p66Shc in these cells and that the effects were significantly reduced by silencing p66Shc. Conversely, the ectopic overexpression of wild-type p66Shc enhanced these effects. We also found that high levels of ROS inhibited FOXO3a transcriptional activity, which led to NF-κB activation. Subsequently, activated NF-κB promoted pro-inflammatory cytokine production and mucin hypersecretion. Thus, manipulating p66Shc might offer a new therapeutic modality with which to treat chronic inflammatory airway diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Yang
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - H M Yu
- Division of Geriatrics Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - X D Zhou
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China; Division of Respiratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China.
| | - H P Huang
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Zh Han
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - V P Kolosov
- Far Eastern Scientific Center of Physiology and Pathology of Respiration, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Russian Federation
| | - J M Perelman
- Far Eastern Scientific Center of Physiology and Pathology of Respiration, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Russian Federation
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Multiple Mechanisms of Anti-Cancer Effects Exerted by Astaxanthin. Mar Drugs 2015; 13:4310-30. [PMID: 26184238 PMCID: PMC4515619 DOI: 10.3390/md13074310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2015] [Revised: 07/06/2015] [Accepted: 07/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Astaxanthin (ATX) is a xanthophyll carotenoid which has been approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration (USFDA) as food colorant in animal and fish feed. It is widely found in algae and aquatic animals and has powerful anti-oxidative activity. Previous studies have revealed that ATX, with its anti-oxidative property, is beneficial as a therapeutic agent for various diseases without any side effects or toxicity. In addition, ATX also shows preclinical anti-tumor efficacy both in vivo and in vitro in various cancer models. Several researches have deciphered that ATX exerts its anti-proliferative, anti-apoptosis and anti-invasion influence via different molecules and pathways including signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3), nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ). Hence, ATX shows great promise as chemotherapeutic agents in cancer. Here, we review the rapidly advancing field of ATX in cancer therapy as well as some molecular targets of ATX.
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Mitochondrial Oxidative Stress, Mitochondrial DNA Damage and Their Role in Age-Related Vascular Dysfunction. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:15918-53. [PMID: 26184181 PMCID: PMC4519931 DOI: 10.3390/ijms160715918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 171] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2015] [Revised: 06/17/2015] [Accepted: 06/29/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of cardiovascular diseases is significantly increased in the older population. Risk factors and predictors of future cardiovascular events such as hypertension, atherosclerosis, or diabetes are observed with higher frequency in elderly individuals. A major determinant of vascular aging is endothelial dysfunction, characterized by impaired endothelium-dependent signaling processes. Increased production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) leads to oxidative stress, loss of nitric oxide (•NO) signaling, loss of endothelial barrier function and infiltration of leukocytes to the vascular wall, explaining the low-grade inflammation characteristic for the aged vasculature. We here discuss the importance of different sources of ROS for vascular aging and their contribution to the increased cardiovascular risk in the elderly population with special emphasis on mitochondrial ROS formation and oxidative damage of mitochondrial DNA. Also the interaction (crosstalk) of mitochondria with nicotinamide adenosine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidases is highlighted. Current concepts of vascular aging, consequences for the development of cardiovascular events and the particular role of ROS are evaluated on the basis of cell culture experiments, animal studies and clinical trials. Present data point to a more important role of oxidative stress for the maximal healthspan (healthy aging) than for the maximal lifespan.
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Leanza L, Venturini E, Kadow S, Carpinteiro A, Gulbins E, Becker KA. Targeting a mitochondrial potassium channel to fight cancer. Cell Calcium 2015; 58:131-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2014.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2014] [Revised: 09/10/2014] [Accepted: 09/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Bhat SS, Anand D, Khanday FA. p66Shc as a switch in bringing about contrasting responses in cell growth: implications on cell proliferation and apoptosis. Mol Cancer 2015; 14:76. [PMID: 25890053 PMCID: PMC4421994 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-015-0354-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2014] [Accepted: 03/29/2015] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
p66Shc, a member of the ShcA (Src homologous- collagen homologue) adaptor protein family, is one of the three isoforms of this family along with p46Shc and p52Shc. p66Shc, a 66 kDa protein is different from the other isoforms of the ShcA family. p66Shc is the longest isoform of the ShcA family. p66Shc has an additional CH domain at the N-terminal, called the CH2 domain, which is not not present in the other isoforms. This CH2 domain contains a very crucial S36 residue which is phosphorylated in response to oxidative stress and plays a role in apoptosis. Whereas p52Shc and p46Shc are ubiquitously expressed, p66Shc shows constrained expression. This adaptor protein has been shown to be involved in mediating and executing the post effects of oxidative stress and increasing body of evidence is pinpointing to its role in carcinogenesis as well. It shows proto-oncogenic as well as pro-apoptotic properties. This multitasking protein is involved in regulating different networks of cell signaling. On one hand it shows an increased expression profile in different cancers, has a positive role in cell proliferation and migration, whereas on the other hand it promotes apoptosis under oxidative stress conditions by acting as a sensor of ROS (Reactive Oxygen Species). This paradoxical role of p66Shc could be attributed to its involvement in ROS production, as ROS is known to both induce cell proliferation as well as apoptosis. p66Shc by regulating intracellular ROS levels plays a crucial role in regulating longevity and cell senescence. These multi-faceted properties of p66Shc make it a perfect candidate protein for further studies in various cancers and aging related diseases. p66Shc can be targeted in terms of it being used as a possible therapeutic target in various diseases. This review focuses on p66Shc and highlights its role in promoting apoptosis via different cell signaling networks, its role in cell proliferation, along with its presence and role in different forms of cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahar S Bhat
- Department Of Biotechnology, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, 190006, Kashmir, India.
| | - Deepak Anand
- Department of Life Sciences, King Fahad University of Petroleum and Minerals, Bld: 7, Room: 129, Dhahran, 31261, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
| | - Firdous A Khanday
- Department of Life Sciences, King Fahad University of Petroleum and Minerals, Bld: 7, Room: 129, Dhahran, 31261, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
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Kopp EB, Medzhitov R. Infection and inflammation in somatic maintenance, growth and longevity. Evol Appl 2015; 2:132-41. [PMID: 25567853 PMCID: PMC3352410 DOI: 10.1111/j.1752-4571.2008.00062.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2008] [Accepted: 12/04/2008] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
All organisms must display a certain degree of environmental adaptability to survive and reproduce. Growth and reproduction are metabolically expensive and carry other costs that contribute to aging. Therefore, animals have developed physiologic strategies to assess the harshness of the environment before devoting resources to reproduction. Presumably, these strategies maximize the possibility for offspring survival. Current views of aging reflect a trade-off between reproductive fitness and somatic maintenance whereby environmental stress induces an adaptive metabolic response aimed at preserving cellular integrity while inhibiting growth, whereas favorable environmental conditions (abundance of food and water, and optimal temperature, etc.) promote growth and reproductive maturity but simultaneously increase cellular damage and aging. Here we propose that the prevalence of infectious pathogens in a given niche represents an additional environmental factor that, via innate immune pathways, actively shifts this balance in favor of somatic maintenance at the expense of reproduction and growth. We additionally propose the construction of a genetic model system with which to test this hypothesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth B Kopp
- HHMI and Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Ruslan Medzhitov
- HHMI and Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine New Haven, CT, USA
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Lebiedzinska-Arciszewska M, Oparka M, Vega-Naredo I, Karkucinska-Wieckowska A, Pinton P, Duszynski J, Wieckowski MR. The interplay between p66Shc, reactive oxygen species and cancer cell metabolism. Eur J Clin Invest 2015; 45 Suppl 1:25-31. [PMID: 25524583 DOI: 10.1111/eci.12364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2014] [Accepted: 10/04/2014] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
The adaptor protein p66Shc links membrane receptors to intracellular signalling pathways and has the potential to respond to energy status changes and regulate mitogenic signalling. Initially reported to mediate growth signals in normal and cancer cells, p66Shc has also been recognized as a pro-apoptotic protein involved in the cellular response to oxidative stress. Moreover, it is a key element in processes such as cancer cell proliferation, tumor progression, metastasis and metabolic reprogramming. Recent findings on the role of p66Shc in the above-mentioned processes have been obtained through the use of various tumor cell types, including prostate, breast, ovarian, lung, colon, skin and thyroid cancer cells. Interestingly, the impact of p66Shc on the proliferation rate was mainly observed in prostate tumors, while its impact on metastasis was mainly found in breast cancers. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge about the possible roles of p66Shc in different cancers.
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Marques-Aleixo I, Santos-Alves E, Mariani D, Rizo-Roca D, Padrão AI, Rocha-Rodrigues S, Viscor G, Torrella JR, Ferreira R, Oliveira PJ, Magalhães J, Ascensão A. Physical exercise prior and during treatment reduces sub-chronic doxorubicin-induced mitochondrial toxicity and oxidative stress. Mitochondrion 2014; 20:22-33. [PMID: 25446396 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2014.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2014] [Revised: 10/29/2014] [Accepted: 10/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Doxorubicin (DOX) is an anti-cancer agent whose clinical usage results in a cumulative and dose-dependent cardiotoxicity. We have previously shown that exercise performed prior to DOX treatment reduces the resulting cardiac(mito) toxicity. We sought to determine the effects on cardiac mitochondrial toxicity of two distinct chronic exercise models (endurance treadmill training-TM and voluntary free-wheel activity-FW) when used prior and during DOX treatment. Male-young Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into six groups (n=6 per group): SAL+SED (saline sedentary), SAL+TM (12-weeks TM), SAL+FW (12-weeks FW), DOX+SED (7-weeks of chronic DOX treatment 2mg/kg per week), DOX+TM and DOX+FW. DOX administration started 5weeks after the beginning of the exercise protocol. Heart mitochondrial ultrastructural alterations, mitochondrial function (oxygen consumption and membrane potential), semi-quantification of oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) proteins and their in-gel activity, as well as proteins involved in mitochondrial oxidative stress (SIRT3, p66shc and UCP2), biogenesis (PGC1α and TFAM), acetylation and markers for oxidative damage (carbonyl groups, MDA,SH, aconitase, Mn-SOD activity) were evaluated. DOX treatment resulted in ultrastructural and functional alterations and decreased OXPHOS. Moreover, DOX decreased complex I activity and content, mitochondrial biogenesis (TFAM), increased acetylation and oxidative stress. TM and FW prevented DOX-induced alteration in OXPHOS, the increase in oxidative stress, the decrease in complex V activity and in complex I activity and content. DOX-induced decreases in TFAM and SIRT3 content were prevented by TM only. Both chronic models of physical exercise performed before and during the course of sub-chronic DOX treatment translated into an improved mitochondrial bioenergetic fitness, which may result in part from the prevention of mitochondrial oxidative stress and damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inês Marques-Aleixo
- CIAFEL - Research Centre in Physical Activity, Health and Leisure, Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, Portugal.
| | - Estela Santos-Alves
- CIAFEL - Research Centre in Physical Activity, Health and Leisure, Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, Portugal; CNC - Centre for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Diogo Mariani
- CIAFEL - Research Centre in Physical Activity, Health and Leisure, Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, Portugal
| | - David Rizo-Roca
- Department of Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ana I Padrão
- QOPNA Chemistry Department, University of Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Sílvia Rocha-Rodrigues
- CIAFEL - Research Centre in Physical Activity, Health and Leisure, Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, Portugal
| | - Ginés Viscor
- Department of Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Spain
| | - J Ramon Torrella
- Department of Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rita Ferreira
- QOPNA Chemistry Department, University of Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Paulo J Oliveira
- CNC - Centre for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Portugal
| | - José Magalhães
- CIAFEL - Research Centre in Physical Activity, Health and Leisure, Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, Portugal
| | - António Ascensão
- CIAFEL - Research Centre in Physical Activity, Health and Leisure, Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, Portugal
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Sorrentino G, Comel A, Mantovani F, Del Sal G. Regulation of mitochondrial apoptosis by Pin1 in cancer and neurodegeneration. Mitochondrion 2014; 19 Pt A:88-96. [PMID: 25132079 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2014.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2014] [Revised: 08/08/2014] [Accepted: 08/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria are sensitive and efficient organelles that regulate essential biological processes including: energy metabolism, decoding and transduction of intracellular signals, and balance between cell death and survival. Of note, dysfunctions in mitochondrial physiology are a general hallmark of cancer cells, leading to transformation-related features such as altered cellular metabolism, survival under stress conditions and reduced apoptotic response to chemotherapy. Mitochondrial apoptosis is a finely regulated process that derives from activation of multiple signaling networks. A crucial biochemical requirement for transducing pro-apoptotic stimuli is represented by kinase-dependent phosphorylation cascades. In this context a pivotal role is played by the prolyl-isomerase Pin1, which translates Ser/Thr-Pro phosphorylation into conformational changes able to modify the activities of its substrates. In this review we will discuss the impact of Pin1 in regulating various aspects of apoptosis in different biological contexts with particular emphasis on cancer and neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Sorrentino
- Laboratorio Nazionale CIB Area Science Park, Trieste Italy; Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita Università degli Studi di Trieste- Trieste Italy
| | - Anna Comel
- Laboratorio Nazionale CIB Area Science Park, Trieste Italy; Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita Università degli Studi di Trieste- Trieste Italy
| | - Fiamma Mantovani
- Laboratorio Nazionale CIB Area Science Park, Trieste Italy; Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita Università degli Studi di Trieste- Trieste Italy
| | - Giannino Del Sal
- Laboratorio Nazionale CIB Area Science Park, Trieste Italy; Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita Università degli Studi di Trieste- Trieste Italy.
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CRIF1 deficiency induces p66shc-mediated oxidative stress and endothelial activation. PLoS One 2014; 9:e98670. [PMID: 24906005 PMCID: PMC4048193 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0098670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2014] [Accepted: 05/01/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction has been implicated in the pathophysiology of various cardiovascular diseases. CRIF1 is a protein present in the mitochondria associated with large mitoribosomal subunits, and CRIF1 knockdown induces mitochondrial dysfunction and promotes ROS production. p66shc is a redox enzyme implicated in mitochondrial ROS generation and translation of oxidative signals and, therefore, is a key factor for oxidative stress in endothelial cells. In this study, we investigated whether mitochondrial dysfunction induced by CRIF1 knockdown induces p66shc stimulation and plays any role in mitochondrial dysfunction-induced endothelial activation. Knockdown of CRIF1 decreased the expression of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) complexes I, III and IV, leading to increased mitochondrial ROS (mtROS) and hyperpolarization of the mitochondrial membrane potential. Knockdown of CRIF1 also stimulated phosphorylation of p66shc and increased cytosolic ROS in endothelial cells. Furthermore, the expression of vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 and endoplasmic reticulum stress proteins were increased upon CRIF1 knockdown in endothelial cells. However, p66shc knockdown blunted the alteration in mitochondrial dynamics and ROS production in CRIF1 knockdown endothelial cells. In addition, p66shc knockdown reduced the CRIF1 knockdown-induced increases in adhesion between monocytes and endothelial cells. Taken together, these results suggest that CRIF1 knockdown partially induces endothelial activation via increased ROS production and phosphorylation of p66shc.
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Rochette L, Zeller M, Cottin Y, Vergely C. Diabetes, oxidative stress and therapeutic strategies. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2014; 1840:2709-29. [PMID: 24905298 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2014.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 329] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2014] [Revised: 05/12/2014] [Accepted: 05/27/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetes has emerged as a major threat to health worldwide. SCOPE OF REVIEW The exact mechanisms underlying the disease are unknown; however, there is growing evidence that excess generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), largely due to hyperglycemia, causes oxidative stress in a variety of tissues. Oxidative stress results from either an increase in free radical production, or a decrease in endogenous antioxidant defenses, or both. ROS and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) are products of cellular metabolism and are well recognized for their dual role as both deleterious and beneficial species. In type 2 diabetic patients, oxidative stress is closely associated with chronic inflammation. Multiple signaling pathways contribute to the adverse effects of glucotoxicity on cellular functions. There are many endogenous factors (antioxidants, vitamins, antioxidant enzymes, metal ion chelators) that can serve as endogenous modulators of the production and action of ROS. Clinical trials that investigated the effect of antioxidant vitamins on the progression of diabetic complications gave negative or inconclusive results. This lack of efficacy might also result from the fact that they were administered at a time when irreversible alterations in the redox status are already under way. Another strategy to modulate oxidative stress is to exploit the pleiotropic properties of drugs directed primarily at other targets and thus acting as indirect antioxidants. MAJOR CONCLUSIONS It appears important to develop new compounds that target key vascular ROS producing enzymes and mimic endogenous antioxidants. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE This strategy might prove clinically relevant in preventing the development and/or retarding the progression of diabetes associated with vascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luc Rochette
- Laboratoire de Physiopathologie et Pharmacologie Cardio-Métaboliques, INSERM UMR866, Université de Bourgogne, Facultés de Médecine et Pharmacie, 7 Boulevard Jeanne d'Arc, 21079 Dijon, France.
| | - Marianne Zeller
- Laboratoire de Physiopathologie et Pharmacologie Cardio-Métaboliques, INSERM UMR866, Université de Bourgogne, Facultés de Médecine et Pharmacie, 7 Boulevard Jeanne d'Arc, 21079 Dijon, France
| | - Yves Cottin
- Laboratoire de Physiopathologie et Pharmacologie Cardio-Métaboliques, INSERM UMR866, Université de Bourgogne, Facultés de Médecine et Pharmacie, 7 Boulevard Jeanne d'Arc, 21079 Dijon, France
| | - Catherine Vergely
- Laboratoire de Physiopathologie et Pharmacologie Cardio-Métaboliques, INSERM UMR866, Université de Bourgogne, Facultés de Médecine et Pharmacie, 7 Boulevard Jeanne d'Arc, 21079 Dijon, France
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Kumar S, Vikram A, Kim YR, S Jacobs J, Irani K. P66Shc mediates increased platelet activation and aggregation in hypercholesterolemia. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2014; 449:496-501. [PMID: 24845561 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2014.05.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2014] [Accepted: 05/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND HYPOTHESIS Hypercholesterolemia leads to a prothrombotic phenotype. Platelet hyperactivity associated with hypercholesterolemia has been attributed, in part, to oxidative stress. P66Shc is a well-known determinant of cellular and organismal oxidative stress. However, its role in platelet biology is not known. We hypothesized that p66Shc mediates platelet hyperactivation and hyperaggregation in hypercholesterolemia. METHODS AND RESULTS P66Shc was expressed in both human and mouse platelets, as determined by qRT-PCR and immunoblotting. Mouse platelet p66Shc expression was upregulated by hypercholesterolemia induced by high-fat diet feeding. Compared to wild-type mice, high-fat diet-induced p66Shc expression in platelets was suppressed in transgenic mice expressing a short hairpin RNA targeting p66Shc (p66ShcRNAi). High-fat diet feeding of wild-type mice amplified surface P-selectin expression on platelets stimulated by the thrombin receptor agonist protease-activated receptor-4 (PAR4), and increased aggregation of platelets induced by thrombin. These exaggerated platelet responses induced by high-fat diet feeding were significantly blunted in p66ShcRNAi mice. Finally, thrombin-stimulated platelet reactive oxygen species were suppressed in p66ShcRNAi mice. CONCLUSIONS Hypercholesterolemia stimulates p66Shc expression in platelets, promoting platelet oxidative stress, hyperreactivity and hyperaggregation via p66Shc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santosh Kumar
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, IA City, IA 52242, USA.
| | - Ajit Vikram
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, IA City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Young-Rae Kim
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, IA City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Julia S Jacobs
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, IA City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Kaikobad Irani
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, IA City, IA 52242, USA.
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A putative role of p53 pathway against impulse noise induced damage as demonstrated by protection with pifithrin-alpha and a Src inhibitor. Neurosci Res 2014; 81-82:30-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neures.2014.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2013] [Revised: 12/16/2013] [Accepted: 01/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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36
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Nitric oxide, oxidative stress, and p66Shc interplay in diabetic endothelial dysfunction. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:193095. [PMID: 24734227 PMCID: PMC3964753 DOI: 10.1155/2014/193095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2013] [Accepted: 01/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Increased oxidative stress and reduced nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability play a causal role in endothelial cell dysfunction occurring in the vasculature of diabetic patients. In this review, we summarized the molecular mechanisms underpinning diabetic endothelial and vascular dysfunction. In particular, we focused our attention on the complex interplay existing among NO, reactive oxygen species (ROS), and one crucial regulator of intracellular ROS production, p66Shc protein.
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37
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Xu F, Pang L, Cai X, Liu X, Yuan S, Fan X, Jiang B, Zhang X, Dou Y, Gorospe M, Wang W. let-7-repressesed Shc translation delays replicative senescence. Aging Cell 2014; 13:185-92. [PMID: 24165399 PMCID: PMC3947057 DOI: 10.1111/acel.12176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/15/2013] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The p66Shc adaptor protein is an important regulator of lifespan in mammals, but the mechanisms responsible are still unclear. Here, we show that expression of p66Shc, p52Shc, and p46Shc is regulated at the post-transcriptional level by the microRNA let-7a. The levels of let-7a correlated inversely with the levels of Shc proteins without affecting Shc mRNA levels. We identified 'seedless' let-7a interaction elements in the coding region of Shc mRNA; mutation of the 'seedless' interaction sites abolished the regulation of Shc by let-7a. Our results further revealed that repression of Shc expression by let-7a delays senescence of human diploid fibroblasts (HDFs). In sum, our findings link let-7a abundance to the expression of p66Shc, which in turn controls the replicative lifespan of HDFs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Xu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; Peking University Health Science Center; 38 Xueyuan Road Beijing 100191 China
| | - Lijun Pang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; Peking University Health Science Center; 38 Xueyuan Road Beijing 100191 China
| | - Xiaoyu Cai
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; Peking University Health Science Center; 38 Xueyuan Road Beijing 100191 China
| | - Xinwen Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; Peking University Health Science Center; 38 Xueyuan Road Beijing 100191 China
| | - Shuai Yuan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; Peking University Health Science Center; 38 Xueyuan Road Beijing 100191 China
| | - Xiuqin Fan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; Peking University Health Science Center; 38 Xueyuan Road Beijing 100191 China
| | - Bin Jiang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; Peking University Health Science Center; 38 Xueyuan Road Beijing 100191 China
| | - Xiaowei Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; Peking University Health Science Center; 38 Xueyuan Road Beijing 100191 China
| | - Yali Dou
- Department of Pathology and Biological Chemistry; University of Michigan; MSI 5215A 1301 Catherine Street Ann Arbor MI 48105 USA
| | - Myriam Gorospe
- Laboratory of Genetics; National Institute on Aging; National Institutes of Health; 251 Bayview Blvd. Baltimore MD 21224 USA
| | - Wengong Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; Peking University Health Science Center; 38 Xueyuan Road Beijing 100191 China
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38
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Laviola L, Orlando MR, Incalza MA, Caccioppoli C, Melchiorre M, Leonardini A, Cignarelli A, Tortosa F, Labarbuta R, Martemucci S, Pacelli C, Cocco T, Perrini S, Natalicchio A, Giorgino F. TNFα signals via p66(Shc) to induce E-Selectin, promote leukocyte transmigration and enhance permeability in human endothelial cells. PLoS One 2013; 8:e81930. [PMID: 24349153 PMCID: PMC3857848 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0081930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2013] [Accepted: 10/29/2013] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Endothelial cells participate in inflammatory events leading to atherogenesis by regulating endothelial cell permeability via the expression of VE-Cadherin and β-catenin and leukocyte recruitment via the expression of E-Selectins and other adhesion molecules. The protein p66Shc acts as a sensor/inducer of oxidative stress and may promote vascular dysfunction. The objective of this study was to investigate the role of p66Shc in tumor necrosis factor TNFα-induced E-Selectin expression and function in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC). Exposure of HUVEC to 50 ng/ml TNFα resulted in increased leukocyte transmigration through the endothelial monolayer and E-Selectin expression, in association with augmented phosphorylation of both p66Shc on Ser36 and the stress kinase c-Jun NH2-terminal protein kinase (JNK)-1/2, and higher intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels. Overexpression of p66Shc in HUVEC resulted in enhanced p66Shc phosphorylation on Ser36, increased ROS and E-Selectin levels, and amplified endothelial cell permeability and leukocyte transmigration through the HUVEC monolayer. Conversely, overexpression of a phosphorylation-defective p66Shc protein, in which Ser36 was replaced by Ala, did not augment ROS and E-Selectin levels, nor modify cell permeability or leukocyte transmigration beyond those found in wild-type cells. Moreover, siRNA-mediated silencing of p66Shc resulted in marked reduction of E-Selectin expression and leukocyte transmigration. In conclusion, p66Shc acts as a novel intermediate in the TNFα pathway mediating endothelial dysfunction, and its action requires JNK-dependent phosphorylation of p66Shc on Ser36.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luigi Laviola
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation – Section of Internal Medicine, Endocrinology, Andrology and Metabolic Diseases, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Maura Roberta Orlando
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation – Section of Internal Medicine, Endocrinology, Andrology and Metabolic Diseases, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Maria Angela Incalza
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation – Section of Internal Medicine, Endocrinology, Andrology and Metabolic Diseases, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Cristina Caccioppoli
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation – Section of Internal Medicine, Endocrinology, Andrology and Metabolic Diseases, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Mariangela Melchiorre
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation – Section of Internal Medicine, Endocrinology, Andrology and Metabolic Diseases, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Anna Leonardini
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation – Section of Internal Medicine, Endocrinology, Andrology and Metabolic Diseases, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Angelo Cignarelli
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation – Section of Internal Medicine, Endocrinology, Andrology and Metabolic Diseases, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Federica Tortosa
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation – Section of Internal Medicine, Endocrinology, Andrology and Metabolic Diseases, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Rossella Labarbuta
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation – Section of Internal Medicine, Endocrinology, Andrology and Metabolic Diseases, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Sabina Martemucci
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation – Section of Internal Medicine, Endocrinology, Andrology and Metabolic Diseases, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Consiglia Pacelli
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Biology and Physics, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Tiziana Cocco
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Biology and Physics, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Sebastio Perrini
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation – Section of Internal Medicine, Endocrinology, Andrology and Metabolic Diseases, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Annalisa Natalicchio
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation – Section of Internal Medicine, Endocrinology, Andrology and Metabolic Diseases, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Francesco Giorgino
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation – Section of Internal Medicine, Endocrinology, Andrology and Metabolic Diseases, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
- * E-mail:
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39
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Ren K, Li X, Yan J, Huang G, Zhou S, Yang B, Ma X, Lu C. Knockdown of p66Shc by siRNA injection rescues arsenite-induced developmental retardation in mouse preimplantation embryos. Reprod Toxicol 2013; 43:8-18. [PMID: 24184494 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2013.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2013] [Revised: 10/17/2013] [Accepted: 10/19/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Two-cell arrest plays a principal role in the elevated levels of embryo loss during the first week of development in mouse. Previously, we have shown that arsenic can apparently induce 2-cell arrest in mouse preimplantation embryo and the expression of oxidative stress adaptor protein p66(Shc) is up-regulated in this process. In the present study, we demonstrated that microinjection of p66(Shc) siRNA into the pronucleus of zygotes resulted in a markedly decrease in both mRNA and protein levels of p66(Shc). The arsenite-induced 2-cell arrests, along with a reduction in the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), were significantly inhibited and the number of embryos developing to morula stage concurrently increased upon p66(shc) siRNA microinjection. These findings indicate that knockdown of p66(shc) improves the developmental competence of arsenite-exposed embryos in vitro by increasing the resistance to oxidative stress. In addition, we highlight the utility of single-embryo analysis in preimplantation embryos.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Ren
- Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China; Department of Genetics, National Research Institute for Family Planning, Beijing, China; World Health Organizations Collaborative Center for Research in Human Reproduction, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoqiao Li
- Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China; Department of Genetics, National Research Institute for Family Planning, Beijing, China; World Health Organizations Collaborative Center for Research in Human Reproduction, Beijing, China
| | - Jinting Yan
- Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China; Department of Genetics, National Research Institute for Family Planning, Beijing, China; World Health Organizations Collaborative Center for Research in Human Reproduction, Beijing, China
| | - Guoying Huang
- Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shiyi Zhou
- Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China; Department of Genetics, National Research Institute for Family Planning, Beijing, China; World Health Organizations Collaborative Center for Research in Human Reproduction, Beijing, China
| | - Baiqing Yang
- Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China; Department of Genetics, National Research Institute for Family Planning, Beijing, China; World Health Organizations Collaborative Center for Research in Human Reproduction, Beijing, China
| | - Xu Ma
- Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China; Department of Genetics, National Research Institute for Family Planning, Beijing, China; World Health Organizations Collaborative Center for Research in Human Reproduction, Beijing, China.
| | - Cailing Lu
- Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China; Department of Genetics, National Research Institute for Family Planning, Beijing, China; World Health Organizations Collaborative Center for Research in Human Reproduction, Beijing, China.
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40
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Wang CH, Wu SB, Wu YT, Wei YH. Oxidative stress response elicited by mitochondrial dysfunction: implication in the pathophysiology of aging. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2013; 238:450-60. [PMID: 23856898 DOI: 10.1177/1535370213493069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 227] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Under normal physiological conditions, reactive oxygen species (ROS) serve as 'redox messengers' in the regulation of intracellular signalling, whereas excess ROS may induce irreversible damage to cellular components and lead to cell death by promoting the intrinsic apoptotic pathway through mitochondria. In the aging process, accumulation of mitochondria DNA mutations, impairment of oxidative phosphorylation as well as an imbalance in the expression of antioxidant enzymes result in further overproduction of ROS. This mitochondrial dysfunction-elicited ROS production axis forms a vicious cycle, which is the basis of mitochondrial free radical theory of aging. In addition, several lines of evidence have emerged recently to demonstrate that ROS play crucial roles in the regulation of cellular metabolism, antioxidant defence and posttranslational modification of proteins. We first discuss the oxidative stress responses, including metabolites redistribution and alteration of the acetylation status of proteins, in human cells with mitochondrial dysfunction and in aging. On the other hand, autophagy and mitophagy eliminate defective mitochondria and serve as a scavenger and apoptosis defender of cells in response to oxidative stress during aging. These scenarios mediate the restoration or adaptation of cells to respond to aging and age-related disorders for survival. In the natural course of aging, the homeostasis in the network of oxidative stress responses is disturbed by a progressive increase in the intracellular level of the ROS generated by defective mitochondria. Caloric restriction, which is generally thought to promote longevity, has been reported to enhance the efficiency of this network and provide multiple benefits to tissue cells. In this review, we emphasize the positive and integrative roles of mild oxidative stress elicited by mitochondria in the regulation of adaptation, anti-aging and scavenging pathway beyond their roles in the vicious cycle of mitochondrial dysfunction in the aging process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Hao Wang
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 112, Taiwan
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41
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Shih HJ, Chen HH, Chen YA, Wu MH, Liou GG, Chang WW, Chen L, Wang LH, Hsu HL. Targeting MCT-1 oncogene inhibits Shc pathway and xenograft tumorigenicity. Oncotarget 2013; 3:1401-15. [PMID: 23211466 PMCID: PMC3717801 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Overexpression of Shc adaptor proteins is associated with mitogenesis, carcinogenesis and metastasis. Multiple copies in T-cell malignancy 1 (MCT-1) oncoprotein promotes cell proliferation, survival and tumorigenic effects. Our current data show that MCT-1 is a novel regulator of Shc-Ras-MEK-ERK signaling and MCT-1 is significantly co-activated with Shc gene in human carcinomas. The knockdown of MCT-1 enhances apoptotic cell death accompanied with the activation of caspases and cleavage of caspase substrates under environmental stress. The cancer cell proliferation, chemo-resistance and tumorigenic capacity are proved to be effectively suppressed by targeting MCT-1. Accordingly, an important linkage between MCT-1 oncogenicity and Shc pathway in tumor development has now been established. Promoting MCT-1 expression by gene hyperactivation may be recognized as a tumor marker and MCT-1 may serve as a molecular target of cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hung-Ju Shih
- Institute of Molecular and Genomic Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Taiwan
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42
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Paulsen C, Carroll KS. Cysteine-mediated redox signaling: chemistry, biology, and tools for discovery. Chem Rev 2013; 113:4633-79. [PMID: 23514336 PMCID: PMC4303468 DOI: 10.1021/cr300163e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 815] [Impact Index Per Article: 74.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Candice
E. Paulsen
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research
Institute, Jupiter, Florida, 33458, United States
| | - Kate S. Carroll
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research
Institute, Jupiter, Florida, 33458, United States
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43
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Patergnani S, Marchi S, Rimessi A, Bonora M, Giorgi C, Mehta KD, Pinton P. PRKCB/protein kinase C, beta and the mitochondrial axis as key regulators of autophagy. Autophagy 2013; 9:1367-85. [PMID: 23778835 DOI: 10.4161/auto.25239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is the major intracellular system of degradation, and it plays an essential role in various biological events. Recent observations indicate that autophagy is modulated in response to the energy status of the mitochondrial compartment. However, the exact signaling mechanism that controls autophagy under these conditions remains unclear. In this study, we report that the activation of protein kinase C β (PRKCB), a member of the classical PRKCs, negatively modulates the mitochondrial energy status and inhibits autophagy. Furthermore, cells treated with a pharmacological PRKCB inhibitor, and prkcb knockout MEFs showed an increase in autophagy both in vitro and in vivo, as well as an increased mitochondrial membrane potential (Ψm), suggesting a strong involvement of mitochondrial energy in the modulation of the autophagy machinery. Finally, we show that factors that increase the Ψm oppose the PRKCB-dependent inhibition of autophagy. Altogether, these data underscore the importance of PRKCB in the regulation of autophagy; moreover, the finding that a pharmacological modulation of the Ψm modifies autophagy levels may be useful in fighting pathologies (including various types of cancer and neurodegenerative disorders) that are characterized by reduced levels of autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Patergnani
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine; Section of General Pathology; Interdisciplinary Center for the Study of Inflammation (ICSI); Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA); University of Ferrara; Ferrara, Italy
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44
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The p66Shc gene paves the way for healthspan: Evolutionary and mechanistic perspectives. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2013; 37:790-802. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2013.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2012] [Revised: 03/04/2013] [Accepted: 03/11/2013] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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45
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Arismendi-Morillo G, Hoa NT, Ge L, Jadus MR. Mitochondrial network in glioma's invadopodia displays an activated state both in situ and in vitro: potential functional implications. Ultrastruct Pathol 2013; 36:409-14. [PMID: 23216239 DOI: 10.3109/01913123.2012.694582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Gliomas are typically characterized by their infiltrative nature, and the prognosis can be linked to the invasive nature of the tumoral cells. Glioblastoma multiforme are very invasive cancers and this contributes to their lethality. The invadopodia are considered essential for their motility. Human glioma cell invadopodia were examined with transmission electron and immunofluorescent microscopy. By electron microscopy, in situ gliomas (fibrillary astrocytoma, anaplastic astrocytoma, glioblastoma multiforme, pilocytic astrocytoma) show mitochondria with a dense matrix condensed configuration, indicating an active state. The mitochondria were frequently in close contact with an extended smooth endoplasmic reticulum displaying an endoplasmic reticulum subfraction associated with mitochondria. Mitochondria were seen within the filopodia that were penetrating into the extracellular matrix. The activated mitochondria and smooth endoplasmic reticulum were also detected within the invadopdia, which was associated microblood vessels. Fluorescent microscopy confirmed that D54 and U251 glioma cells growing in vitro also contained filopodia with mitochondria. The U251 glioma cells' filopodia that penetrated through 1.2-μm pores of transwell chambers also contained mitocondria, suggesting that the mitochondria are actively involved in the invasion process. Migration and invasion of tumor cells requires an increase in cellular motility and involves formation of lamellipodia, protrusions of the plasma membrane, and individual filopodia [ 1 ]. Gliomas are typically characterized by their infiltrative nature, resulting in a poorly demarcated interface between tumor and normal brain tissue. Their poor prognosis can be linked to the invasive nature of these cells. The motility of these tumor cells is correlated with the presence of invadopodia [ 2 ], and, consequently, more insight is necessary into their structural and molecular aspects. Evidence of robust invadopodia activity in glioblastoma multiforme cells has been reported [ 3 , 4 ]. Because of the significant impact of invadopodia in oncological events such as cell invasion and matrix degradation, more insight into structural and molecular aspects is needed [ 2 ]. The dynamic assembly of invadopodia is still not well understood [ 2 ], and little is known of the alterations in mitochondrial structure and function that contribute to cell mobility [ 5 ]. This paper describes two prominent structural features of the mitochondrial network present within the glioma´s invadopodia that we have recently observed. We believe these two features (activated mitochondria and smooth ER, along with mitochondria contained within the filopodia) might provide researchers with possible targets for future therapies that can control glioma invasiveness.
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46
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Oxidative stress in cardiovascular diseases and obesity: role of p66Shc and protein kinase C. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2013; 2013:564961. [PMID: 23606925 PMCID: PMC3625561 DOI: 10.1155/2013/564961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2012] [Revised: 01/25/2013] [Accepted: 02/14/2013] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are a byproduct of the normal metabolism of oxygen and have important roles in cell signalling and homeostasis. An imbalance between ROS production and the cellular antioxidant defence system leads to oxidative stress. Environmental factors and genetic interactions play key roles in oxidative stress mediated pathologies. In this paper, we focus on cardiovascular diseases and obesity, disorders strongly related to each other; in which oxidative stress plays a fundamental role. We provide evidence of the key role played by p66(Shc) protein and protein kinase C (PKC) in these pathologies by their intracellular regulation of redox balance and oxidative stress levels. Additionally, we discuss possible therapeutic strategies aimed at attenuating the oxidative damage in these diseases.
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47
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Abstract
Shc (Src homology and collagen homology) proteins are considered prototypical signalling adaptors in mammalian cells. Consisting of four unique members, ShcA, B, C and D, and multiple splice isoforms, the family is represented in nearly every cell type in the body, where it engages in an array of fundamental processes to transduce environmental stimuli. Two decades of investigation have begun to illuminate the mechanisms of the flagship ShcA protein, whereas much remains to be learned about the newest discovery, ShcD. It is clear, however, that the distinctive modular architecture of Shc proteins, their promiscuous phosphotyrosine-based interactions with a multitude of membrane receptors, involvement in central cascades including MAPK (mitogen-activated protein kinase) and Akt, and unconventional contributions to oxidative stress and apoptosis all require intricate regulation, and underlie diverse physiological function. From early cardiovascular development and neuronal differentiation to lifespan determination and tumorigenesis, Shc adaptors have proven to be more ubiquitous, versatile and dynamic than their structures alone suggest.
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48
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Yuan Y, Chen Y, Zhang P, Huang S, Zhu C, Ding G, Liu B, Yang T, Zhang A. Mitochondrial dysfunction accounts for aldosterone-induced epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition of renal proximal tubular epithelial cells. Free Radic Biol Med 2012; 53:30-43. [PMID: 22608985 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2012.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2011] [Revised: 02/27/2012] [Accepted: 03/26/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of renal tubulointerstitial fibrosis. We previously demonstrated that aldosterone (Aldo)-induced EMT is dependent on mitochondrial-derived oxidative stress. This study investigated whether mitochondrial dysfunction (MtD) is involved in the pathogenesis of EMT and whether peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator-1α (PGC-1α), a major regulator of oxidative metabolism and mitochondrial function, prevents EMT by improving MtD. Aldo decreased PGC-1α expression while increasing its acetylation and induced MtD, as evidenced by oxidative stress, mitochondrial membrane potential collapse, mitochondrial DNA damage, and mitochondrial complex activity reduction. Aldo time-dependently induced p66Shc phosphorylation and expression. Mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist eplerenone and p66Shc short interfering RNA prevented Aldo-induced MtD and EMT, as evidenced by downregulation of α-smooth muscle actin and upregulation of E-cadherin. Mitochondrial DNA depletion by ethidium bromide or mitochondrial transcription factor A inhibitory RNA (RNAi) induced MtD, further promoting EMT. RNAi-mediated suppression of PGC-1α induced MtD and EMT, whereas overexpression of PGC-1α prevented Aldo-induced MtD and inhibited EMT. Similarly, overexpression of silent mating type information regulation 2 homolog 1 (SIRT1), a gene upstream of PGC-1α, or the SIRT1 activator resveratrol restored Aldo-induced MtD and EMT by upregulating PGC-1α. These findings, which implicate a role for MtD in EMT and suggest that SIRT1 and PGC-1α coordinate to improve mitochondrial function and EMT, may guide us in therapeutic strategies for renal tubulointerstitial fibrosis.
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MESH Headings
- Aldosterone/pharmacology
- Blotting, Western
- Cadherins/genetics
- Cadherins/metabolism
- Cells, Cultured
- DNA Damage/drug effects
- DNA, Mitochondrial/genetics
- DNA-Binding Proteins/genetics
- DNA-Binding Proteins/metabolism
- Epithelial Cells/drug effects
- Epithelial Cells/metabolism
- Epithelial Cells/pathology
- Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition/drug effects
- Heat-Shock Proteins/antagonists & inhibitors
- Heat-Shock Proteins/genetics
- Heat-Shock Proteins/metabolism
- Humans
- Kidney Tubules, Proximal/cytology
- Kidney Tubules, Proximal/drug effects
- Kidney Tubules, Proximal/metabolism
- Membrane Potential, Mitochondrial/drug effects
- Mitochondria/drug effects
- Mitochondria/metabolism
- Mitochondria/pathology
- Mitochondrial Proteins/genetics
- Mitochondrial Proteins/metabolism
- Oxidative Stress/drug effects
- Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Gamma Coactivator 1-alpha
- Phosphorylation/drug effects
- Protein Processing, Post-Translational
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- RNA, Small Interfering/genetics
- Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Shc Signaling Adaptor Proteins/antagonists & inhibitors
- Shc Signaling Adaptor Proteins/genetics
- Shc Signaling Adaptor Proteins/metabolism
- Sirtuin 1
- Src Homology 2 Domain-Containing, Transforming Protein 1
- Transcription Factors/antagonists & inhibitors
- Transcription Factors/genetics
- Transcription Factors/metabolism
- Transcriptional Activation
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanggang Yuan
- Department of Nephrology, Nanjing Children's Hospital, Nanjing 210029, China
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49
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Cong XD, Wu Y, Dai DZ, Ding MJ, Zhang Y, Dai Y. Activation of AQP4, p66Shc and endoplasmic reticulum stress is involved in inflammation by carrageenan and is suppressed by argirein, a derivative of rhein. J Pharm Pharmacol 2012; 64:1138-45. [DOI: 10.1111/j.2042-7158.2012.01507.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Objectives
We investigated the effect of argirein on acute inflammation edema and examined that aquaporin 4 (AQP4), p66Shc and activating transcription factor (ATF-6) might be involved in carrageenan-induced rat paw inflammation and be reversed by argirein, rhein and indometacin, but not l-arginine.
Methods
Inflammation was produced by carrageenan injected into rat paw and treated orally with argirein (100 mg/kg), rhein (100 mg/kg), l-arginine (100 mg/kg) or indometacin (5 mg/kg). Inflammatory oedema and biomarkers were examined.
Key findings
Swelling was reduced by argirein, rhein and indometacin; argirein was more effective than rhein at 1 h following medication. Activation of AQP4, p66Shc, ATF-6, NADPH oxidase subunits p22phox, gp91phox and matrix metalloproteinase 2 (P < 0.01) was significant and was suppressed by arginine, rhein and indometacin but not by l-arginine.
Conclusions
Activated AQP4, endoplasmic reticulum stress and p66Shc were actively implicated in the inflammation and these were suppressed by argirein, and its activity is favorable due to synergism in combination with l-arginine.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - You Wu
- Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - De-Zai Dai
- China Pharmaceutical University, Research Division of Pharmacology, Nanjing, China
| | | | - Yun Zhang
- Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yin Dai
- China Pharmaceutical University, Research Division of Pharmacology, Nanjing, China
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Mitochondria-ros crosstalk in the control of cell death and aging. JOURNAL OF SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION 2011; 2012:329635. [PMID: 22175013 PMCID: PMC3235816 DOI: 10.1155/2012/329635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 432] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2011] [Accepted: 08/25/2011] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are highly reactive molecules, mainly generated inside mitochondria that can oxidize DNA, proteins, and lipids. At physiological levels, ROS function as “redox messengers” in intracellular signalling and regulation, whereas excess ROS induce cell death by promoting the intrinsic apoptotic pathway. Recent work has pointed to a further role of ROS in activation of autophagy and their importance in the regulation of aging. This review will focus on mitochondria as producers and targets of ROS and will summarize different proteins that modulate the redox state of the cell. Moreover, the involvement of ROS and mitochondria in different molecular pathways controlling lifespan will be reported, pointing out the role of ROS as a “balance of power,” directing the cell towards life or death.
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