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Qi J, Li Q, Xin T, Lu Q, Lin J, Zhang Y, Luo H, Zhang F, Xing Y, Wang W, Cui D, Wang M. MCOLN1/TRPML1 in the lysosome: a promising target for autophagy modulation in diverse diseases. Autophagy 2024:1-11. [PMID: 38522082 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2024.2333715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024] Open
Abstract
MCOLN1/TRPML1 is a nonselective cationic channel specifically localized to the late endosome and lysosome. With its property of mediating the release of several divalent cations such as Ca2+, Zn2+ and Fe2+ from the lysosome to the cytosol, MCOLN1 plays a pivotal role in regulating a variety of cellular events including endocytosis, exocytosis, lysosomal biogenesis, lysosome reformation, and especially in Macroautophagy/autophagy. Autophagy is a highly conserved catabolic process that maintains cytoplasmic integrity by removing superfluous proteins and damaged organelles. Acting as the terminal compartments, lysosomes are crucial for the completion of the autophagy process. This review delves into the emerging role of MCOLN1 in controlling the autophagic process by regulating lysosomal ionic homeostasis, thereby governing the fundamental functions of lysosomes. Furthermore, this review summarizes the physiological relevance as well as molecular mechanisms through which MCOLN1 orchestrates autophagy, consequently influencing mitochondria turnover, cell apoptosis and migration. In addition, we have illustrated the implications of MCOLN1-regulated autophagy in the pathological process of cancer and myocardial ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury. In summary, given the involvement of MCOLN1-mediated autophagy in the pathogenesis of cancer and myocardial I/R injury, targeting MCOLN1 May provide clues for developing new therapeutic strategies for the treatment of these diseases. Exploring the regulation of MCOLN1-mediated autophagy in diverse diseases contexts will surely broaden our understanding of this pathway and offer its potential as a promising drug target.Abbreviation: CCCP:carbonyl cyanide3-chlorophenylhydrazone; CQ:chloroquine; HCQ: hydroxychloroquine;I/R: ischemia-reperfusion; MAP1LC3/LC3:microtubule associated protein 1 light chain 3; MCOLN1/TRPML1:mucolipin TRP cation channel 1; MLIV: mucolipidosis type IV; MTORC1:MTOR complex 1; ROS: reactive oxygenspecies; SQSTM1/p62: sequestosome 1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiansong Qi
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Autophagy and Major Chronic Non-Communicable Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China
| | - Qingqing Li
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesia and Analgesia Application Technology, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Narcotic and Psychotropic Drugs, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Tianli Xin
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesia and Analgesia Application Technology, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Narcotic and Psychotropic Drugs, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qixia Lu
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesia and Analgesia Application Technology, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Narcotic and Psychotropic Drugs, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jinyi Lin
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesia and Analgesia Application Technology, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Narcotic and Psychotropic Drugs, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yang Zhang
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesia and Analgesia Application Technology, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Narcotic and Psychotropic Drugs, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Haiting Luo
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Autophagy and Major Chronic Non-Communicable Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China
| | - Feifei Zhang
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesia and Analgesia Application Technology, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Narcotic and Psychotropic Drugs, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yanhong Xing
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesia and Analgesia Application Technology, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Narcotic and Psychotropic Drugs, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wuyang Wang
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesia and Analgesia Application Technology, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Narcotic and Psychotropic Drugs, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Derong Cui
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Mengmeng Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Shengjing Hospital, China of Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning China
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Soha SA, Santhireswaran A, Huq S, Casimir-Powell J, Jenkins N, Hodgson GK, Sugiyama M, Antonescu CN, Impellizzeri S, Botelho RJ. Improved imaging and preservation of lysosome dynamics using silver nanoparticle-enhanced fluorescence. Mol Biol Cell 2023; 34:ar96. [PMID: 37405751 PMCID: PMC10551705 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e22-06-0200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The dynamics of living cells can be studied by live-cell fluorescence microscopy. However, this requires the use of excessive light energy to obtain good signal-to-noise ratio, which can then photobleach fluorochromes, and more worrisomely, lead to phototoxicity. Upon light excitation, noble metal nanoparticles such as silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) generate plasmons, which can then amplify excitation in direct proximity of the nanoparticle's surface and couple to the oscillating dipole of nearby radiating fluorophores, modifying their rate of emission and thus, enhancing their fluorescence. Here, we show that AgNPs fed to cells to accumulate within lysosomes enhanced the fluorescence of lysosome-targeted Alexa488-conjugated dextran, BODIPY-cholesterol, and DQ-BSA. Moreover, AgNP increased the fluorescence of GFP fused to the cytosolic tail of LAMP1, showing that metal enhanced fluorescence can occur across the lysosomal membrane. The inclusion of AgNPs in lysosomes did not disturb lysosomal properties such as lysosomal pH, degradative capacity, autophagy and autophagic flux, and membrane integrity, though AgNP seemed to increase basal lysosome tubulation. Importantly, by using AgNP, we could track lysosome motility with reduced laser power without damaging and altering lysosome dynamics. Overall, AgNP-enhanced fluorescence may be a useful tool to study the dynamics of the endo-lysosomal pathway while minimizing phototoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumaiya A. Soha
- Molecular Science Graduate Program, Toronto Metropolitan University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M5B 2K3
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, Toronto Metropolitan University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M5B 2K3
| | - Araniy Santhireswaran
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, Toronto Metropolitan University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M5B 2K3
| | - Saaimatul Huq
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, Toronto Metropolitan University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M5B 2K3
| | - Jayde Casimir-Powell
- Molecular Science Graduate Program, Toronto Metropolitan University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M5B 2K3
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, Toronto Metropolitan University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M5B 2K3
| | - Nicala Jenkins
- Molecular Science Graduate Program, Toronto Metropolitan University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M5B 2K3
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, Toronto Metropolitan University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M5B 2K3
| | - Gregory K. Hodgson
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, Toronto Metropolitan University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M5B 2K3
| | - Michael Sugiyama
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, Toronto Metropolitan University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M5B 2K3
| | - Costin N. Antonescu
- Molecular Science Graduate Program, Toronto Metropolitan University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M5B 2K3
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, Toronto Metropolitan University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M5B 2K3
| | - Stefania Impellizzeri
- Molecular Science Graduate Program, Toronto Metropolitan University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M5B 2K3
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, Toronto Metropolitan University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M5B 2K3
| | - Roberto J. Botelho
- Molecular Science Graduate Program, Toronto Metropolitan University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M5B 2K3
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, Toronto Metropolitan University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M5B 2K3
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3
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Jung SC, Zhou T, Ko EA. Age-dependent expression of ion channel genes in rat. THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY & PHARMACOLOGY : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSIOLOGICAL SOCIETY AND THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF PHARMACOLOGY 2023; 27:85-94. [PMID: 36575936 PMCID: PMC9806634 DOI: 10.4196/kjpp.2023.27.1.85] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Revised: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Ion channels regulate a large number of cellular functions and their functional role in many diseases makes them potential therapeutic targets. Given their diverse distribution across multiple organs, the roles of ion channels, particularly in age-associated transcriptomic changes in specific organs, are yet to be fully revealed. Using RNA-seq data, we investigated the rat transcriptomic profiles of ion channel genes across 11 organs/tissues and 4 developmental stages in both sexes of Fischer 344 rats and identify tissue-specific and age-dependent changes in ion channel gene expression. Organ-enriched ion channel genes were identified. In particular, the brain showed higher tissue-specificity of ion channel genes, including Gabrd, Gabra6, Gabrg2, Grin2a, and Grin2b. Notably, age-dependent changes in ion channel gene expression were prominently observed in the thymus, including in Aqp1, Clcn4, Hvcn1, Itpr1, Kcng2, Kcnj11, Kcnn3, and Trpm2. Our comprehensive study of ion channel gene expression will serve as a primary resource for biological studies of aging-related diseases caused by abnormal ion channel functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung-Cherl Jung
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea
| | - Tong Zhou
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, University of Nevada, Reno School of Medicine, Reno, NV 89557, USA
| | - Eun-A Ko
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea,Correspondence Eun-A Ko, E-mail:
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Siow WX, Kabiri Y, Tang R, Chao YK, Plesch E, Eberhagen C, Flenkenthaler F, Fröhlich T, Bracher F, Grimm C, Biel M, Zischka H, Vollmar AM, Bartel K. Lysosomal TRPML1 regulates mitochondrial function in hepatocellular carcinoma cells. J Cell Sci 2022; 135:274242. [PMID: 35274126 PMCID: PMC8977057 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.259455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Liver cancers, including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), are the second most lethal cancers worldwide and novel therapeutic strategies are still highly needed. Recently, the endolysosomal cation channel TRPML1 has gained focus in cancer research representing an interesting novel target. We utilized the recently developed isoform-selective TRPML1 activator ML1-SA1 and the CRISPR/Cas9 system to generate tools for over-activation and loss-of-function studies on TRPML1 in HCC. After verification of our tools, we investigated the role of TRPML1 in HCC by studying proliferation, apoptosis, and proteomic alterations. Further, we analyzed mitochondrial function in detail, facilitating confocal and transmission electron microscopy, combined with SeahorseTM and Oroboros® functional analysis. We report that TRPML1 over-activation by a novel, isoform-selective, low-molecular activator induces apoptosis by impairing mitochondrial function calcium dependently. Additionally, TRPML1 loss-of-function deregulates mitochondrial renewal, which leads to proliferation impairment. Thus, our study reveals a novel role for TRPML1 as regulator of mitochondrial function and its modulators as promising molecules for novel therapeutic options in HCC therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Xiong Siow
- Department of Pharmacy, Center for Drug Research, Pharmaceutical Biology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Yaschar Kabiri
- Technical University Munich, School of Medicine, Institute of Toxicology and Environmental Hygiene, Biedersteiner Strasse 29, D-80802 Munich, Germany
| | - Rachel Tang
- Walther-Straub-Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Yu-Kai Chao
- Walther-Straub-Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Eva Plesch
- Department of Pharmacy, Center for Drug Research, Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Carola Eberhagen
- Institute of Molecular Toxicology and Pharmacology, Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Ingolstaedter Landstrasse 1, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Florian Flenkenthaler
- Gene Center, Laboratory for Functional Genome Analysis, Ludwig Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Thomas Fröhlich
- Gene Center, Laboratory for Functional Genome Analysis, Ludwig Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Franz Bracher
- Department of Pharmacy, Center for Drug Research, Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Christian Grimm
- Walther-Straub-Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Martin Biel
- Department of Pharmacy, Center for Drug Research, Pharmacology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Hans Zischka
- Technical University Munich, School of Medicine, Institute of Toxicology and Environmental Hygiene, Biedersteiner Strasse 29, D-80802 Munich, Germany.,Institute of Molecular Toxicology and Pharmacology, Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Ingolstaedter Landstrasse 1, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Angelika M Vollmar
- Department of Pharmacy, Center for Drug Research, Pharmaceutical Biology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Karin Bartel
- Department of Pharmacy, Center for Drug Research, Pharmaceutical Biology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Munich, Germany
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Bernardo A, De Nuccio C, Visentin S, Martire A, Minghetti L, Popoli P, Ferrante A. Myelin Defects in Niemann-Pick Type C Disease: Mechanisms and Possible Therapeutic Perspectives. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22168858. [PMID: 34445564 PMCID: PMC8396228 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22168858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Revised: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Niemann–Pick type C (NPC) disease is a wide-spectrum clinical condition classified as a neurovisceral disorder affecting mainly the liver and the brain. It is caused by mutations in one of two genes, NPC1 and NPC2, coding for proteins located in the lysosomes. NPC proteins are deputed to transport cholesterol within lysosomes or between late endosome/lysosome systems and other cellular compartments, such as the endoplasmic reticulum and plasma membrane. The first trait of NPC is the accumulation of unesterified cholesterol and other lipids, like sphingosine and glycosphingolipids, in the late endosomal and lysosomal compartments, which causes the blockade of autophagic flux and the impairment of mitochondrial functions. In the brain, the main consequences of NPC are cerebellar neurodegeneration, neuroinflammation, and myelin defects. This review will focus on myelin defects and the pivotal importance of cholesterol for myelination and will offer an overview of the molecular targets and the pharmacological strategies so far proposed, or an object of clinical trials for NPC. Finally, it will summarize recent data on a new and promising pharmacological perspective involving A2A adenosine receptor stimulation in genetic and pharmacological NPC dysmyelination models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonietta Bernardo
- National Center for Drug Research and Evaluation, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy; (A.B.); (S.V.); (A.M.); (P.P.)
| | - Chiara De Nuccio
- Research Coordination and Support Service, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy; (C.D.N.); (L.M.)
| | - Sergio Visentin
- National Center for Drug Research and Evaluation, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy; (A.B.); (S.V.); (A.M.); (P.P.)
| | - Alberto Martire
- National Center for Drug Research and Evaluation, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy; (A.B.); (S.V.); (A.M.); (P.P.)
| | - Luisa Minghetti
- Research Coordination and Support Service, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy; (C.D.N.); (L.M.)
| | - Patrizia Popoli
- National Center for Drug Research and Evaluation, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy; (A.B.); (S.V.); (A.M.); (P.P.)
| | - Antonella Ferrante
- National Center for Drug Research and Evaluation, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy; (A.B.); (S.V.); (A.M.); (P.P.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-06-49902050
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6
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Two-pore and TRPML cation channels: Regulators of phagocytosis, autophagy and lysosomal exocytosis. Pharmacol Ther 2020; 220:107713. [PMID: 33141027 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2020.107713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The old Greek saying "Panta Rhei" ("everything flows") is true for all life and all living things in general. It also becomes nicely evident when looking closely into cells. There, material from the extracellular space is taken up by endocytic processes and transported to endosomes where it is sorted either for recycling or degradation. Cargo is also packaged for export through exocytosis involving the Golgi network, lysosomes and other organelles. Everything in this system is in constant motion and many proteins are necessary to coordinate transport along the different intracellular pathways to avoid chaos. Among these proteins are ion channels., in particular TRPML channels (mucolipins) and two-pore channels (TPCs) which reside on endosomal and lysosomal membranes to speed up movement between organelles, e.g. by regulating fusion and fission; they help readjust pH and osmolarity changes due to such processes, or they promote exocytosis of export material. Pathophysiologically, these channels are involved in neurodegenerative, metabolic, retinal and infectious diseases, cancer, pigmentation defects, and immune cell function, and thus have been proposed as novel pharmacological targets, e.g. for the treatment of lysosomal storage disorders, Duchenne muscular dystrophy, or different types of cancer. Here, we discuss the similarities but also differences of TPCs and TRPMLs in regulating phagocytosis, autophagy and lysosomal exocytosis, and we address the contradictions and open questions in the field relating to the roles TPCs and TRPMLs play in these different processes.
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7
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Santoni G, Morelli MB, Amantini C, Nabissi M, Santoni M, Santoni A. Involvement of the TRPML Mucolipin Channels in Viral Infections and Anti-viral Innate Immune Responses. Front Immunol 2020; 11:739. [PMID: 32425938 PMCID: PMC7212413 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The TRPML channels (TRPML1, TRPML2, and TRPML3), belonging to the mucolipin TRP subfamily, primary localize to a population of membrane-bonded vesicles along the endocytosis, and exocytosis pathways. Human viruses enter host cells by plasma membrane penetration or by receptor-mediated endocytosis. TRPML2 enhances the infectivity of a number of enveloped viruses by promoting virus vesicular trafficking and escape from endosomal compartment. TRPML2 expression is stimulated by interferon and by several toll like receptor (TLR) activators, suggesting a possible role in the activation of the innate immune response. Noteworthy, TRPML1 plays a major role in single strand RNA/DNA trafficking into lysosomes and the lack of TRPML1 impairs the TLR-7 and TLR-9 ligand transportation to lysosomes resulting in decreased dendritic cell maturation/activation and migration to the lymph nodes. TRPML channels are also expressed by natural killer (NK) cells, a subset of innate lymphocytes with an essential role during viral infections; recent findings have indicated a role of TRPML1-mediated modulation of secretory lysosomes in NK cells education. Moreover, as also NK cells express TLR recognizing viral pattern, an increased TLR-mediated activation of cytokine production can be envisaged, suggesting a dual role in the NK cell-mediated antiviral responses. Overall, TRPML channels might play a double-edged sword in resistance to viral infections: on one side they can promote virus cellular entry and infectivity; on the other side, by regulating TLR responses in the various immune cells, they contribute to enhance antiviral innate and possibly adaptive immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgio Santoni
- Immunopathology Laboratory, School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
| | | | - Consuelo Amantini
- Immunopathology Laboratory, School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
| | - Massimo Nabissi
- Immunopathology Laboratory, School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
| | - Matteo Santoni
- Medical Oncology Unit, Hospital of Macerata, Macerata, Italy
| | - Angela Santoni
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy.,IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy
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8
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Chao YK, Chang SY, Grimm C. Endo-Lysosomal Cation Channels and Infectious Diseases. Rev Physiol Biochem Pharmacol 2020; 185:259-276. [PMID: 32748124 DOI: 10.1007/112_2020_31] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Among the infectious diseases caused by pathogenic microorganisms such as bacteria, viruses, parasites, or fungi, the most prevalent ones today are malaria, tuberculosis, influenza, HIV/AIDS, Ebola, dengue fever, and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infection, and most recently Covid-19 (SARS-CoV2). Others with a rather devastating history and high fatality rates such as plague, cholera, or typhus seem less threatening today but have not been eradicated, and with a declining efficacy of current antibiotics they ought to be watched carefully. Another emerging issue in this context is health-care associated infection. About 100,000 hospitalized patients in the USA ( www.cdc.gov ) and 33,000 in Europe ( https://www.ecdc.europa.eu ) die each year as a direct consequence of an infection caused by bacteria resistant to antibiotics. Among viral infections, influenza is responsible for about 3-5 million cases of severe illness, and about 250,000 to 500,000 deaths annually ( www.who.int ). About 37 million people are currently living with HIV infection and about one million die from it each year. Coronaviruses such as MERS-CoV, SARS-CoV, but in particular the recent outbreak of Covid-19 (caused by SARS-CoV2) have resulted in large numbers of infections worldwide with an estimated several hundred thousand deaths (anticipated fatality rate: <5%). With a comparatively low mortality rate dengue virus causes between 50 and 100 million infections every year, leading to 50,000 deaths. In contrast, Ebola virus is the causative agent for one of the deadliest viral diseases. The Ebola outbreak in West Africa in 2014 is considered the largest outbreak in history with more than 11,000 deaths. Many of the deadliest pathogens such as Ebola virus, influenza virus, mycobacterium tuberculosis, dengue virus, and cholera exploit the endo-lysosomal trafficking system of host cells for penetration into the cytosol and replication. Defects in endo-lysosomal maturation, trafficking, fusion, or pH homeostasis can efficiently reduce the cytotoxicity caused by these pathogens. Most of these functions critically depend on endo-lysosomal membrane proteins such as transporters and ion channels. In particular, cation channels such as the mucolipins (TRPMLs) or the two-pore channels (TPCs) are involved in all of these aspects of endo-lysosomal integrity. In this review we will discuss the correlations between pathogen toxicity and endo-lysosomal cation channel function, and their potential as drug targets for infectious disease therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Kai Chao
- Walther Straub Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany
| | - Sui-Yuan Chang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences and Medical Biotechnology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Christian Grimm
- Walther Straub Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany.
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9
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Zhou X, Li M, Su D, Jia Q, Li H, Li X, Yang J. Cryo-EM structures of the human endolysosomal TRPML3 channel in three distinct states. Nat Struct Mol Biol 2017; 24:1146-1154. [PMID: 29106414 PMCID: PMC5747366 DOI: 10.1038/nsmb.3502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2017] [Accepted: 10/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
TRPML3 channels are mainly localized to endolysosomes and play a critical role in the endocytic pathway. Their dysfunction causes deafness and pigmentation defects in mice. TRPML3 activity is inhibited by low endolysosomal pH. Here we present cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) structures of human TRPML3 in the closed, agonist-activated, and low-pH-inhibited states, with resolutions of 4.06, 3.62, and 4.65 Å, respectively. The agonist ML-SA1 lodges between S5 and S6 and opens an S6 gate. A polycystin-mucolipin domain (PMD) forms a luminal cap. S1 extends into this cap, forming a 'gating rod' that connects directly to a luminal pore loop, which undergoes dramatic conformational changes in response to low pH. S2 extends intracellularly and interacts with several intracellular regions to form a 'gating knob'. These unique structural features, combined with the results of electrophysiological studies, indicate a new mechanism by which luminal pH and other physiological modulators such as PIP2 regulate TRPML3 by changing S1 and S2 conformations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyuan Zhou
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural Biology, Tsinghua-Peking Joint Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Minghui Li
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Deyuan Su
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of Chinese Academy of Sciences/Key Laboratory of Bioactive Peptides of Yunnan Province, and Ion Channel Research and Drug Development Center, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Qi Jia
- Department of Orthopedic Oncology, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200003, China
| | - Huan Li
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of Chinese Academy of Sciences/Key Laboratory of Bioactive Peptides of Yunnan Province, and Ion Channel Research and Drug Development Center, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
- Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Xueming Li
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural Biology, Tsinghua-Peking Joint Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Jian Yang
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of Chinese Academy of Sciences/Key Laboratory of Bioactive Peptides of Yunnan Province, and Ion Channel Research and Drug Development Center, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
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10
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Pereira GJS, Antonioli M, Hirata H, Ureshino RP, Nascimento AR, Bincoletto C, Vescovo T, Piacentini M, Fimia GM, Smaili SS. Glutamate induces autophagy via the two-pore channels in neural cells. Oncotarget 2017; 8:12730-12740. [PMID: 28055974 PMCID: PMC5355049 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.14404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2016] [Accepted: 12/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
NAADP (nicotinic acid adenine dinucleotide phosphate) has been proposed as a second messenger for glutamate in neuronal and glial cells via the activation of the lysosomal Ca2+ channels TPC1 and TPC2. However, the activities of glutamate that are mediated by NAADP remain unclear. In this study, we evaluated the effect of glutamate on autophagy in astrocytes at physiological, non-toxic concentration. We found that glutamate induces autophagy at similar extent as NAADP. By contrast, the NAADP antagonist NED-19 or SiRNA-mediated inhibition of TPC1/2 decreases autophagy induced by glutamate, confirming a role for NAADP in this pathway. The involvement of TPC1/2 in glutamate-induced autophagy was also confirmed in SHSY5Y neuroblastoma cells. Finally, we show that glutamate leads to a NAADP-dependent activation of AMPK, which is required for autophagy induction, while mTOR activity is not affected by this treatment. Taken together, our results indicate that glutamate stimulates autophagy via NAADP/TPC/AMPK axis, providing new insights of how Ca2+ signalling glutamate-mediated can control the cell metabolism in the central nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo J S Pereira
- Department of Pharmacology, Federal University of São Paulo, (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Manuela Antonioli
- Department of Biology, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy.,Department of Epidemiology and Preclinical Research, National Institute for Infectious Diseases IRCCS 'Lazzaro Spallanzani', Rome, Italy
| | - Hanako Hirata
- Department of Pharmacology, Federal University of São Paulo, (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo P Ureshino
- Department of Pharmacology, Federal University of São Paulo, (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Aline R Nascimento
- Department of Pharmacology, Federal University of São Paulo, (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Claudia Bincoletto
- Department of Pharmacology, Federal University of São Paulo, (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Tiziana Vescovo
- Department of Epidemiology and Preclinical Research, National Institute for Infectious Diseases IRCCS 'Lazzaro Spallanzani', Rome, Italy
| | - Mauro Piacentini
- Department of Biology, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy.,Department of Epidemiology and Preclinical Research, National Institute for Infectious Diseases IRCCS 'Lazzaro Spallanzani', Rome, Italy
| | - Gian Maria Fimia
- Department of Epidemiology and Preclinical Research, National Institute for Infectious Diseases IRCCS 'Lazzaro Spallanzani', Rome, Italy.,Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies (DiSTeBA), University of Salento, Lecce, Italy
| | - Soraya S Smaili
- Department of Pharmacology, Federal University of São Paulo, (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
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11
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Sassano MF, Ghosh A, Tarran R. Tobacco Smoke Constituents Trigger Cytoplasmic Calcium Release. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 3:193-198. [PMID: 28620626 DOI: 10.1089/aivt.2016.0039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Cytosolic Ca2+ is a universal second messenger that is involved in many processes throughout the body, including the regulation of cell growth/cell division, apoptosis, and the secretion of both ions, and macromolecules. Tobacco smoke exerts multiple effects on airway epithelia and we have previously shown that Kentucky reference cigarette smoke exposure elevated the second messenger Ca2+, leading to dysfunctional ion secretion. In this study, we tested whether little cigar and commercial cigarette smoke exposure exerts similar effects on intracellular Ca2+ levels. Indeed, Swisher Sweets, Captain Black, and Cheyenne little cigars, as well as Camel, Marlboro, and Newport cigarettes, triggered a comparable increase in intracellular Ca2+ as seen with Kentucky reference cigarettes in human bronchial epithelia. We also found that Kentucky reference cigarette smoke exposure caused increases in Ca2+ in HEK293T cells and that similar increases in Ca2+ were seen with the tobacco smoke metabolites 1-NH2-naphthalene, formaldehyde, nicotine, and nicotine-derived nitrosamine ketone. Given the large number of physiological processes governed by changes in cytosolic Ca2+, our data suggest that Ca2+ signaling is a useful and reproducible assay that can be used to probe the propensity of tobacco products and their constituents to cause toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Flori Sassano
- Marsico Lung Institute, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Arunava Ghosh
- Marsico Lung Institute, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Robert Tarran
- Marsico Lung Institute, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
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12
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Cuajungco MP, Kiselyov K. The mucolipin-1 (TRPML1) ion channel, transmembrane-163 (TMEM163) protein, and lysosomal zinc handling. Front Biosci (Landmark Ed) 2017; 22:1330-1343. [PMID: 28199205 DOI: 10.2741/4546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Lysosomes are emerging as important players in cellular zinc ion (Zn2+) homeostasis. The series of work on Zn2+ accumulation in the neuronal lysosomes and the mounting evidence on the role of lysosomal Zn2+ in cell death during mammary gland involution set a biological precedent for the central role of the lysosomes in cellular Zn2+ handling. Such a role appears to involve cytoprotection on the one hand, and cell death on the other. The recent series of work began to identify the molecular determinants of the lysosomal Zn2+ handling. In addition to zinc transporters (ZnT) of the solute-carrier family type 30A (SLC30A), the lysosomal ion channel TRPML1 and the poorly understood novel transporter TMEM163 have been shown to play a role in the Zn2+ uptake by the lysosomes. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge on molecular determinants of the lysosomal Zn2+ handling, uptake, and release pathways, as well as discuss their possible roles in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Math P Cuajungco
- Department of Biological Science, and Center for Applied Biotechnology Studies, California State University Fullerton, Fullerton, CA, 92831, USA
| | - Kirill Kiselyov
- Dept. of Biological Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, 519 Langley Hall, 4249 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA,
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13
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Structural basis of dual Ca 2+/pH regulation of the endolysosomal TRPML1 channel. Nat Struct Mol Biol 2017; 24:205-213. [PMID: 28112729 PMCID: PMC5336481 DOI: 10.1038/nsmb.3362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2016] [Accepted: 12/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Organellar ion channels are essential for cell physiology. Their activities are often regulated by Ca2+ and H+, which are concentrated in many organelles. Here we report a novel structural element critical for Ca2+/pH dual regulation of TRPML1, a Ca2+ release channel crucial for endolysosomal functions. TRPML1 mutations cause mucolipidosis type IV (MLIV), a severe lysosomal storage disorder characterized by neurodegeneration, mental retardation and blindness. We obtained high-resolution crystal structures of a 213-amino acid luminal domain of human TRPML1 that harbors three missense MLIV-causing mutations. This domain forms a tetramer with a highly electronegative central pore formed by a novel luminal pore-loop. Cysteine crosslinking and cryo-EM confirm this structure in the full-length channel. Structure-function studies demonstrate that Ca2+ and H+ interact with the luminal pore to exert physiologically important regulation. The MLIV-causing mutations disrupt the luminal domain structure and cause TRPML1 mislocalization. Our study provides a structural underpinning for TRPML1's regulation, assembly and pathogenesis.
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14
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Kilpatrick BS, Yates E, Grimm C, Schapira AH, Patel S. Endo-lysosomal TRP mucolipin-1 channels trigger global ER Ca2+ release and Ca2+ influx. J Cell Sci 2016; 129:3859-3867. [PMID: 27577094 PMCID: PMC5087663 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.190322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2016] [Accepted: 08/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Transient receptor potential (TRP) mucolipins (TRPMLs), encoded by the MCOLN genes, are patho-physiologically relevant endo-lysosomal ion channels crucial for membrane trafficking. Several lines of evidence suggest that TRPMLs mediate localised Ca2+ release but their role in Ca2+ signalling is not clear. Here, we show that activation of endogenous and recombinant TRPMLs with synthetic agonists evoked global Ca2+ signals in human cells. These signals were blocked by a dominant-negative TRPML1 construct and a TRPML antagonist. We further show that, despite a predominant lysosomal localisation, TRPML1 supports both Ca2+ release and Ca2+ entry. Ca2+ release required lysosomal and ER Ca2+ stores suggesting that TRPMLs, like other endo-lysosomal Ca2+ channels, are capable of ‘chatter’ with ER Ca2+ channels. Our data identify new modalities for TRPML1 action. Summary: The endolysosomal ion channel TRP mucolipin 1 was thought to mediate local Ca2+ signals. However, as reported here, it can also mediate global elevations in Ca2+.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bethan S Kilpatrick
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Elizabeth Yates
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Christian Grimm
- Center for Integrated Protein Science CIPSM and Department of Pharmacy - Center for Drug Research, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, München 81377, Germany
| | - Anthony H Schapira
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Institute of Neurology, University College London, London NW3 2PF, UK
| | - Sandip Patel
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
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15
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Affiliation(s)
- Indu S Ambudkar
- Molecular Physiology and Therapeutics Branch, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institute of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
| | - Shmuel Muallem
- Molecular Physiology and Therapeutics Branch, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institute of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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16
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Dayam RM, Saric A, Shilliday RE, Botelho RJ. The Phosphoinositide-Gated Lysosomal Ca2+Channel, TRPML1, Is Required for Phagosome Maturation. Traffic 2015; 16:1010-26. [DOI: 10.1111/tra.12303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2014] [Revised: 05/15/2015] [Accepted: 05/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Roya M. Dayam
- Department of Chemistry and Biology; Ryerson University; Toronto Ontario M5B2K3 Canada
- Molecular Science Program; Ryerson University; Toronto Ontario M5B2K3 Canada
| | - Amra Saric
- Department of Chemistry and Biology; Ryerson University; Toronto Ontario M5B2K3 Canada
- Molecular Science Program; Ryerson University; Toronto Ontario M5B2K3 Canada
| | - Ryan E. Shilliday
- Department of Chemistry and Biology; Ryerson University; Toronto Ontario M5B2K3 Canada
| | - Roberto J. Botelho
- Department of Chemistry and Biology; Ryerson University; Toronto Ontario M5B2K3 Canada
- Molecular Science Program; Ryerson University; Toronto Ontario M5B2K3 Canada
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17
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Bellono NW, Oancea EV. Ion transport in pigmentation. Arch Biochem Biophys 2014; 563:35-41. [PMID: 25034214 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2014.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2014] [Revised: 06/01/2014] [Accepted: 06/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Skin melanocytes and ocular pigment cells contain specialized organelles called melanosomes, which are responsible for the synthesis of melanin, the major pigment in mammals. Defects in the complex mechanisms involved in melanin synthesis and regulation result in vision and pigmentation deficits, impaired development of the visual system, and increased susceptibility to skin and eye cancers. Ion transport across cellular membranes is critical for many biological processes, including pigmentation, but the molecular mechanisms by which it regulates melanin synthesis, storage, and transfer are not understood. In this review we first discuss ion channels and transporters that function at the plasma membrane of melanocytes; in the second part we consider ion transport across the membrane of intracellular organelles, with emphasis on melanosomes. We discuss recently characterized lysosomal and endosomal ion channels and transporters associated with pigmentation phenotypes. We then review the evidence for melanosomal channels and transporters critical for pigmentation, discussing potential molecular mechanisms mediating their function. The studies investigating ion transport in pigmentation physiology open new avenues for future research and could reveal novel molecular mechanisms underlying melanogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas W Bellono
- Department of Molecular Physiology, Pharmacology and Biotechnology, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, United States
| | - Elena V Oancea
- Department of Molecular Physiology, Pharmacology and Biotechnology, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, United States.
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18
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Affiliation(s)
- Archana Jha
- Epithelial Signaling and Transport Section; Molecular Physiology and Therapeutics Branch; NIDCR; NIH; Bethesda, MD USA
| | - Eugen Brailoiu
- The Department of Pharmacology, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19140
| | - Shmuel Muallem
- Epithelial Signaling and Transport Section; Molecular Physiology and Therapeutics Branch; NIDCR; NIH; Bethesda, MD USA
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19
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Karaca I, Tamboli IY, Glebov K, Richter J, Fell LH, Grimm MO, Haupenthal VJ, Hartmann T, Gräler MH, van Echten-Deckert G, Walter J. Deficiency of sphingosine-1-phosphate lyase impairs lysosomal metabolism of the amyloid precursor protein. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:16761-72. [PMID: 24808180 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.535500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Progressive accumulation of the amyloid β protein in extracellular plaques is a neuropathological hallmark of Alzheimer disease. Amyloid β is generated during sequential cleavage of the amyloid precursor protein (APP) by β- and γ-secretases. In addition to the proteolytic processing by secretases, APP is also metabolized by lysosomal proteases. Here, we show that accumulation of intracellular sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) impairs the metabolism of APP. Cells lacking functional S1P-lyase, which degrades intracellular S1P, strongly accumulate full-length APP and its potentially amyloidogenic C-terminal fragments (CTFs) as compared with cells expressing the functional enzyme. By cell biological and biochemical methods, we demonstrate that intracellular inhibition of S1P-lyase impairs the degradation of APP and CTFs in lysosomal compartments and also decreases the activity of γ-secretase. Interestingly, the strong accumulation of APP and CTFs in S1P-lyase-deficient cells was reversed by selective mobilization of Ca(2+) from the endoplasmic reticulum or lysosomes. Intracellular accumulation of S1P also impairs maturation of cathepsin D and degradation of Lamp-2, indicating a general impairment of lysosomal activity. Together, these data demonstrate that S1P-lyase plays a critical role in the regulation of lysosomal activity and the metabolism of APP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilker Karaca
- From the Department of Neurology, University of Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Irfan Y Tamboli
- From the Department of Neurology, University of Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Konstantin Glebov
- From the Department of Neurology, University of Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Josefine Richter
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 53175 Bonn, Germany
| | - Lisa H Fell
- the Department of Experimental Neurology, University of the Saarland, 66421 Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Marcus O Grimm
- the Department of Experimental Neurology, University of the Saarland, 66421 Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Viola J Haupenthal
- the Department of Experimental Neurology, University of the Saarland, 66421 Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Tobias Hartmann
- the Department of Experimental Neurology, University of the Saarland, 66421 Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Markus H Gräler
- the Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Center for Sepsis Control and Care, and Center for Molecular Biomedicine, University Hospital Jena, 07740 Jena, Germany, and
| | - Gerhild van Echten-Deckert
- the Life and Medical Sciences, Membrane Biology and Lipid Biochemistry Unit at the Kekulé-Institute, University of Bonn, 53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - Jochen Walter
- From the Department of Neurology, University of Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany,
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20
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Jha A, Ahuja M, Patel S, Brailoiu E, Muallem S. Convergent regulation of the lysosomal two-pore channel-2 by Mg²⁺, NAADP, PI(3,5)P₂ and multiple protein kinases. EMBO J 2014; 33:501-11. [PMID: 24502975 DOI: 10.1002/embj.201387035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Lysosomal Ca(2+) homeostasis is implicated in disease and controls many lysosomal functions. A key in understanding lysosomal Ca(2+) signaling was the discovery of the two-pore channels (TPCs) and their potential activation by NAADP. Recent work concluded that the TPCs function as a PI(3,5)P2 activated channels regulated by mTORC1, but not by NAADP. Here, we identified Mg(2+) and the MAPKs, JNK and P38 as novel regulators of TPC2. Cytoplasmic Mg(2+) specifically inhibited TPC2 outward current, whereas lysosomal Mg(2+) partially inhibited both outward and inward currents in a lysosomal lumen pH-dependent manner. Under controlled Mg(2+), TPC2 is readily activated by NAADP with channel properties identical to those in response to PI(3,5)P2. Moreover, TPC2 is robustly regulated by P38 and JNK. Notably, NAADP-mediated Ca(2+) release in intact cells is regulated by Mg(2+), PI(3,5)P2, and P38/JNK kinases, thus paralleling regulation of TPC2 currents. Our data affirm a key role for TPC2 in NAADP-mediated Ca(2+) signaling and link this pathway to Mg(2+) homeostasis and MAP kinases, pointing to roles for lysosomal Ca(2+) in cell growth, inflammation and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Archana Jha
- Epithelial Signaling and Transport Section, Molecular Physiology and Therapeutics Branch, NIDCR NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
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