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Pathania AS, Chava H, Balusu R, Pasupulati AK, Coulter DW, Challagundla KB. The crosstalk between non-coding RNAs and cell-cycle events: A new frontier in cancer therapy. MOLECULAR THERAPY. ONCOLOGY 2024; 32:200785. [PMID: 38595981 PMCID: PMC10973673 DOI: 10.1016/j.omton.2024.200785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
The cell cycle comprises sequential events during which a cell duplicates its genome and divides it into two daughter cells. This process is tightly regulated to ensure that the daughter cell receives identical copied chromosomal DNA and that any errors in the DNA during replication are correctly repaired. Cyclins and their enzyme partners, cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs), are critical regulators of G- to M-phase transitions during the cell cycle. Mitogenic signals induce the formation of the cyclin/CDK complexes, resulting in phosphorylation and activation of the CDKs. Once activated, cyclin/CDK complexes phosphorylate specific substrates that drive the cell cycle forward. The sequential activation and inactivation of cyclin-CDK complexes are tightly controlled by activating and inactivating phosphorylation events induced by cell-cycle proteins. The non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), which do not code for proteins, regulate cell-cycle proteins at the transcriptional and translational levels, thereby controlling their expression at different cell-cycle phases. Deregulation of ncRNAs can cause abnormal expression patterns of cell-cycle-regulating proteins, resulting in abnormalities in cell-cycle regulation and cancer development. This review explores how ncRNA dysregulation can disrupt cell division balance and discusses potential therapeutic approaches targeting these ncRNAs to control cell-cycle events in cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anup S. Pathania
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology & The Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Haritha Chava
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Ramesh Balusu
- Department of Hematologic Malignancies and Cellular Therapeutics, Kansas University Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
| | - Anil K. Pasupulati
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, Telangana 500046, India
| | - Don W. Coulter
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Kishore B. Challagundla
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology & The Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
- The Child Health Research Institute, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
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2
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Pathania AS. Crosstalk between Noncoding RNAs and the Epigenetics Machinery in Pediatric Tumors and Their Microenvironment. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:2833. [PMID: 37345170 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15102833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Revised: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023] Open
Abstract
According to the World Health Organization, every year, an estimated 400,000+ new cancer cases affect children under the age of 20 worldwide. Unlike adult cancers, pediatric cancers develop very early in life due to alterations in signaling pathways that regulate embryonic development, and environmental factors do not contribute much to cancer development. The highly organized complex microenvironment controlled by synchronized gene expression patterns plays an essential role in the embryonic stages of development. Dysregulated development can lead to tumor initiation and growth. The low mutational burden in pediatric tumors suggests the predominant role of epigenetic changes in driving the cancer phenotype. However, one more upstream layer of regulation driven by ncRNAs regulates gene expression and signaling pathways involved in the development. Deregulation of ncRNAs can alter the epigenetic machinery of a cell, affecting the transcription and translation profiles of gene regulatory networks required for cellular proliferation and differentiation during embryonic development. Therefore, it is essential to understand the role of ncRNAs in pediatric tumor development to accelerate translational research to discover new treatments for childhood cancers. This review focuses on the role of ncRNA in regulating the epigenetics of pediatric tumors and their tumor microenvironment, the impact of their deregulation on driving pediatric tumor progress, and their potential as effective therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anup S Pathania
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology & The Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
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3
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Sun Q, Ma L, Qiao J, Wang X, Li J, Wang Y, Tan A, Ye Z, Wu Y, Xi J, Kang J. MiR-181a-5p promotes neural stem cell proliferation and enhances the learning and memory of aged mice. Aging Cell 2023; 22:e13794. [PMID: 36797653 PMCID: PMC10086527 DOI: 10.1111/acel.13794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Hippocampal neural stem cell (NSC) proliferation is known to decline with age, which is closely linked to learning and memory impairments. In the current study, we found that the expression level of miR-181a-5p was decreased in the hippocampal NSCs of aged mice and that exogenous overexpression of miR-181a-5p promoted NSC proliferation without affecting NSC differentiation into neurons and astrocytes. The mechanistic study revealed that phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN), a negative regulator of the AKT signaling pathway, was the target of miR-181a-5p and knockdown of PTEN could rescue the impairment of NSC proliferation caused by low miR-181a-5p levels. Moreover, overexpression of miR-181a-5p in the dentate gyrus enhanced the proliferation of NSCs and ameliorated learning and memory impairments in aged mice. Taken together, our findings indicated that miR-181a-5p played a functional role in NSC proliferation and aging-related, hippocampus-dependent learning and memory impairments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiaoyi Sun
- Clinical and Translational Research Center of Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, Frontier Science Center for Stem Cell Research, National Stem Cell Translational Resource Center, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Li Ma
- Clinical and Translational Research Center of Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, Frontier Science Center for Stem Cell Research, National Stem Cell Translational Resource Center, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Qiao
- Clinical and Translational Research Center of Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, Frontier Science Center for Stem Cell Research, National Stem Cell Translational Resource Center, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xing Wang
- Clinical and Translational Research Center of Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, Frontier Science Center for Stem Cell Research, National Stem Cell Translational Resource Center, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianguo Li
- Clinical and Translational Research Center of Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, Frontier Science Center for Stem Cell Research, National Stem Cell Translational Resource Center, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuxi Wang
- Clinical and Translational Research Center of Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, Frontier Science Center for Stem Cell Research, National Stem Cell Translational Resource Center, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ailing Tan
- Clinical and Translational Research Center of Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, Frontier Science Center for Stem Cell Research, National Stem Cell Translational Resource Center, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zihui Ye
- Clinical and Translational Research Center of Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, Frontier Science Center for Stem Cell Research, National Stem Cell Translational Resource Center, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yukang Wu
- Clinical and Translational Research Center of Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, Frontier Science Center for Stem Cell Research, National Stem Cell Translational Resource Center, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiajie Xi
- Clinical and Translational Research Center of Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, Frontier Science Center for Stem Cell Research, National Stem Cell Translational Resource Center, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiuhong Kang
- Clinical and Translational Research Center of Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, Frontier Science Center for Stem Cell Research, National Stem Cell Translational Resource Center, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
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4
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Identification of microRNAs related with neural germ layer lineage-specific progenitors during reprogramming. J Mol Histol 2022; 53:623-634. [DOI: 10.1007/s10735-022-10082-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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5
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Chen Y, An Q, Yang ST, Chen YL, Tong L, Ji LL. MicroRNA-124 attenuates PTSD-like behaviors and reduces the level of inflammatory cytokines by downregulating the expression of TRAF6 in the hippocampus of rats following single-prolonged stress. Exp Neurol 2022; 356:114154. [PMID: 35753367 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2022.114154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2022] [Revised: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND MicroRNA-124-3p (miR-124) plays an important role in neuroprotective functions in various neurological disorders, but whether miR-124 participates in the pathological progression of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) remains poorly understood. METHODS In the present study, we assessed the level of neuroinflammation in the hippocampus of rats exposed to single-prolonged stress (SPS) by Western blot and immunofluorescence staining, while the effect of miR-124 on PTSD-like behaviors was evaluated by behavioral test. RESULTS Our results showed that the level of miR-124 in the hippocampus of rats exposed to SPS was downregulated and that the upregulation of miR-124 could alleviate the PTSD-like behaviors of SPS rats. This effect of miR-124 might be achieved through TNF receptor-associated Factor 6 (TRAF6), which is a target gene of miR-124 and plays an important role in the immune and inflammatory reaction by regulating nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB). Furthermore, we found that miR-124 not only decreased the level of proinflammatory cytokines but also increased the expression levels of synaptic proteins (PSD95 and synapsin I) and regulated the morphology of neurons. CONCLUSION These results suggested that miR-124 might attenuate PTSD-like behaviors and decrease the level of proinflammatory cytokines by downregulating the expression of TRAF6 in the hippocampus of rats exposed to SPS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Chen
- Department of Anatomy, College of Basic Medical Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Qi An
- Department of Anatomy, College of Basic Medical Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Shu-Ting Yang
- Department of Anatomy, College of Basic Medical Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yu-Lu Chen
- Department of Anatomy, College of Basic Medical Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Lei Tong
- Department of Anatomy, College of Basic Medical Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, China.
| | - Li-Li Ji
- Department of Anatomy, College of Basic Medical Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, China.
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6
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Ahmad Z, Somanath PR. AKT Isoforms in the Immune Response in Cancer. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 2022; 436:349-366. [PMID: 36243852 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-06566-8_15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
AKT is a protein kinase that exists in three isoforms: AKT1, AKT2, and AKT3. Though similar in structure, these isoforms display different effects. AKT is activated downstream of PI3K, and together, this signaling pathway helps regulate cellular processes including cell growth, proliferation, metabolism, survival, and apoptosis. Disruption in these pathways has been associated with disorders including cardiovascular diseases, developmental disorders, inflammatory responses, autoimmune diseases, neurologic disorders, type 2 diabetes, and several cancers. In cancer, deregulation in the PI3K/AKT pathway can be manifested as tumorigenesis, pathological angiogenesis, and metastasis. Increased activity has been correlated with tumor progression and resistance to cancer treatments. Recent studies have suggested that inhibition of the PI3K/AKT pathway plays a significant role in the development, expansion, and proliferation of cells of the immune system. Additionally, AKT has been found to play an important role in differentiating regulatory T cells, activating B cells, and augmenting tumor immunosurveillance. This emphasizes AKT as a potential target for inhibition in cancer therapy. This chapter reviews AKT structure and regulation, its different isoforms, its role in immune cells, and its modulation in oncotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zayd Ahmad
- Clinical and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Georgia and Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA
| | - Payaningal R Somanath
- Clinical and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Georgia and Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA.
- Georgia Cancer Center, Vascular Biology Center and Department of Medicine, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA.
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7
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Jia J, Wang M, Liu M, Tan Z, Cui Y, Yu M. MiR-421 Binds to PINK1 and Enhances Neural Stem Cell Self-Renewal via HDAC3-Dependent FOXO3 Activation. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:621187. [PMID: 34354990 PMCID: PMC8329493 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.621187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Dysfunctions of neural stem cells (NSCs) often lead to a variety of neurological diseases. Thus, therapies based on NSCs have gained increasing attention recently. It has been documented that microRNA (miR)-421 represses the autophagy and apoptosis of mouse hippocampal neurons and confers a role in the repair of ischemic brain injury (IBI). Herein, we aimed to illustrate the effects of miR-421 on NSC self-renewal. The downstream factors of miR-421 were predicted initially, followed by gain- and loss-of-function assays to examine their effects on NSC self-renewal. Immunoprecipitation and dual luciferase assays were conducted to validate the interaction among miR-421, PTEN-induced putative kinase 1 (PINK1), HDAC3, and forkhead box O3 (FOXO3). A mouse model with IBI was developed to substantiate the impact of the miR-421/PINK1/HDAC3/FOXO3 axis on NSC self-renewal. The expression of miR-421 was downregulated during differentiation of human embryonic NSCs, and miR-421 overexpression accelerated NSC self-renewal. Besides, miR-421 targeted PINK1 and restricted its expression in NSCs and further suppressed HDAC3 phosphorylation and enhanced FOXO3 acetylation. In conclusion, our data elucidated that miR-421 overexpression may facilitate NSC self-renewal through the PINK1/HDAC3/FOXO3 axis, which may provide potential therapeutic targets for the development of novel therapies for IBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaoying Jia
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ming Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Min Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhigang Tan
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yan Cui
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Mengqiang Yu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
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8
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Ma R, Wang M, Gao S, Zhu L, Yu L, Hu D, Zhu L, Huang W, Zhang W, Deng J, Pan J, He H, Gao Z, Xu J, Han X. miR-29a Promotes the Neurite Outgrowth of Rat Neural Stem Cells by Targeting Extracellular Matrix to Repair Brain Injury. Stem Cells Dev 2020; 29:599-614. [PMID: 31885334 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2019.0174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Neural stem cells (NSCs) can generate new neurons to repair brain injury and central nervous system disease by promoting neural regeneration. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) involve in neural development, brain damage, and neurological diseases repair. Recent reports show that several miRNAs express in NSCs and are important to neurogenesis. Neurites play a key role in NSC-related neurogenesis. However, the mechanism of NSC neurite generation is rarely studied. We surprisingly noticed that the neurites increased after bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) treatment in rat NSCs. This process was accompanied by the dynamic change of miRNA-29. Then we discovered that miR-29a regulated neural neurites in rat hippocampus NSCs. Overexpression of miR-29a reduced the cell soma area and promoted the neurite outgrowth of NSCs. Cell soma area became small, whereas the number of neurite increased. Moreover, neurite complexity increased dramatically, with more primary and secondary branches after miR-29a overexpression. In addition, miR-29a overexpression still maintained the stemness of NSCs. Besides, we identified that miR-29a can promote the neurite outgrowth by targeting extracellular matrix-related genes like Fibrillin 1 (Fbn1), Follistatin-like 1 (Fstl1), and laminin subunit gamma 2 (Lamc2). These findings may provide a novel role of miR-29a to regulate neurite outgrowth and development of NSCs. We also offered a possible theoretical basis to the migration mechanism of NSCs in brain development and damage repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongjie Ma
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Min Wang
- School of Medicine, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, China.,Oral Biomedical Engineering Laboratory, Shanghai Stomatological Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shane Gao
- East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Liang Zhu
- East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Liming Yu
- Oral Biomedical Engineering Laboratory, Shanghai Stomatological Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Daiyu Hu
- Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Lifeng Institute of Regenerative Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Luying Zhu
- Oral Biomedical Engineering Laboratory, Shanghai Stomatological Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Huang
- Oral Biomedical Engineering Laboratory, Shanghai Stomatological Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Weihua Zhang
- Oral Biomedical Engineering Laboratory, Shanghai Stomatological Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiajia Deng
- Oral Biomedical Engineering Laboratory, Shanghai Stomatological Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Pan
- Oral Biomedical Engineering Laboratory, Shanghai Stomatological Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hua He
- Department of Neurosurgery, Third Affiliated Hospital of Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhengliang Gao
- Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Lifeng Institute of Regenerative Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun Xu
- East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xinxin Han
- Oral Biomedical Engineering Laboratory, Shanghai Stomatological Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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9
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Han D, Dong X, Zheng D, Nao J. MiR-124 and the Underlying Therapeutic Promise of Neurodegenerative Disorders. Front Pharmacol 2020; 10:1555. [PMID: 32009959 PMCID: PMC6978711 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.01555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative disorders (NDDs) are a group of chronic progressive neurological diseases based on primary neurodegeneration. The common pathological characteristics of various NDDs are neuronal degeneration, deletion, glial cell proliferation, and hypertrophy at specific locations in the nervous system. Proliferation and hypertrophy of microglia are manifestations of inflammation. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have emerged as pivotal regulators of glial cells. MiRNAs are small non-coding molecules that regulate gene expression. Altered expression of miRNAs has been associated with several NDD pathological processes, among which regulation of the inflammatory response is key and a research hotspot at present. At the same time, miRNAs are also biological markers for diagnosis and potential targets for treating NDDs. MiR-124 is highly conserved and enriched in the mammalian brain. Emerging studies have suggested that miR-124 is closely related to the pathogenesis of NDDs and may be an effective treatment strategy to reduce inflammation associated with NDDs. In this review, we describe a summary of general miRNA biology, implications in pathophysiology, the potential roles of miR-124 associated with inflammation, and the use of miRNA as a future biomarker and an application for NDD therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Han
- Department of Neurology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xiaoyu Dong
- Department of Neurology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Dongming Zheng
- Department of Neurology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jianfei Nao
- Department of Neurology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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10
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van der Spoel E, van Vliet NA, van Heemst D. Viewpoint on the role of tissue maintenance in ageing: focus on biomarkers of bone, cartilage, muscle, and brain tissue maintenance. Ageing Res Rev 2019; 56:100964. [PMID: 31561015 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2019.100964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2019] [Revised: 08/19/2019] [Accepted: 09/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Specific hallmarks are thought to underlie the ageing process and age-related functional decline. In this viewpoint, we put forward the hypothesis that disturbances in the process of tissue maintenance are an important common denominator that may lie in between specific hallmarks of ageing (i.e. damage and responses to damage) and their ultimate (patho)physiological consequences (i.e. functional decline and age-related disease). As a first step towards verifying or falsifying this hypothesis, it will be important to measure biomarkers of tissue maintenance in future studies in different study populations. The main aim of the current paper is to discuss potential biomarkers of tissue maintenance that could be used in such future studies. Among the many tissues that could have been chosen to explore our hypothesis, to keep the paper manageable, we chose to focus on a selected number of tissues, namely bone, cartilage, muscle, and the brain, which are important for mobility and cognition and affected in several common age-related diseases, including osteoporosis, osteoarthritis, sarcopenia, and neurodegenerative diseases. Furthermore, we discuss the advantages and limitations of potential biomarkers for use in (pre)clinical studies. The proposed biomarkers should be validated in future research, for example by measuring these in humans with different rates of ageing.
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11
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Sunohara T, Morizane A, Matsuura S, Miyamoto S, Saito H, Takahashi J. MicroRNA-Based Separation of Cortico-Fugal Projection Neuron-Like Cells Derived From Embryonic Stem Cells. Front Neurosci 2019; 13:1141. [PMID: 31708734 PMCID: PMC6819314 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2019.01141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The purification of pluripotent stem cell-derived cortico-fugal projection neurons (PSC-CFuPNs) is useful for disease modeling and cell therapies related to the dysfunction of cortical motor neurons, such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) or stroke. However, no CFuPN-specific surface markers for the purification are known. Recently, microRNAs (miRNAs) have been reported as alternatives to surface markers. Here, we investigated this possibility by applying the miRNA switch, an mRNA technology, to enrich PSC-CFuPNs. An array study of miRNAs in mouse fetal brain tissue revealed that CFuPNs highly express miRNA-124-3p at E14.5 and E16.5. In response, we designed a miRNA switched that responds to miRNA-124-3p and applied it to mouse embryonic stem cell (ESC)-derived cortical neurons. Flow cytometry and quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) analyses showed the miRNA-124-3p switch enriched CFuPN-like cells from this population. Immunocytechemical analysis confirmed vGlut1/Emx1/Bcl11b triple positive CFuPN-like cells were increased from 6.5 to 42%. Thus, our miRNA-124-3p switch can uniquely enrich live CFuPN-like cells from mouse ESC-derived cortical neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tadashi Sunohara
- Department of Clinical Application, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.,Department of Neurosurgery, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Asuka Morizane
- Department of Clinical Application, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Satoshi Matsuura
- Department of Life Science Frontiers, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Susumu Miyamoto
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hirohide Saito
- Department of Life Science Frontiers, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Jun Takahashi
- Department of Clinical Application, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.,Department of Neurosurgery, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
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12
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Venkatesh K, Kumari A, Sen D. MicroRNA signature changes during induction of neural stem cells from human mesenchymal stem cells. NANOMEDICINE-NANOTECHNOLOGY BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2019; 17:94-105. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2019.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2018] [Revised: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 01/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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13
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MicroRNA-135a-5p promotes neuronal differentiation of pluripotent embryonal carcinoma cells by repressing Sox6/CD44 pathway. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 509:603-610. [PMID: 30606481 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.12.162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 12/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNA-135a-5p has been reported to play a potential role in the generation of new neurons. However, the underlying targets of miR-135a-5p in regulating neuronal differentiation have been poorly understood. Our study recently has uncovered that Sox6 and CD44 genes were significantly downregulated during neuronal differentiation of P19 cells, a multipotent cell type. We then found that Sox6 directly bound to the promoter of CD44. Importantly, we identified Sox6 as a direct target of miR-135a-5p. Additionally, we demonstrated that miR-135a-5p is crucial for the neuronal differentiation of P19 cells. More significantly, we found that Sox6 overexpression could overturn miR-135a-5p-mediated neuronal differentiation and dendrite development. In conclusion, these findings indicated that miR-135a-5p/Sox6/CD44 axis provides an important molecular target mechanism for neurodifferentiation.
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14
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Stappert L, Klaus F, Brüstle O. MicroRNAs Engage in Complex Circuits Regulating Adult Neurogenesis. Front Neurosci 2018; 12:707. [PMID: 30455620 PMCID: PMC6230569 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2018.00707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2018] [Accepted: 09/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The finding that the adult mammalian brain is still capable of producing neurons has ignited a new field of research aiming to identify the molecular mechanisms regulating adult neurogenesis. An improved understanding of these mechanisms could lead to the development of novel approaches to delay cognitive decline and facilitate neuroregeneration in the adult human brain. Accumulating evidence suggest microRNAs (miRNAs), which represent a class of post-transcriptional gene expression regulators, as crucial part of the gene regulatory networks governing adult neurogenesis. This review attempts to illustrate how miRNAs modulate key processes in the adult neurogenic niche by interacting with each other and with transcriptional regulators. We discuss the function of miRNAs in adult neurogenesis following the life-journey of an adult-born neuron from the adult neural stem cell (NSCs) compartment to its final target site. We first survey how miRNAs control the initial step of adult neurogenesis, that is the transition of quiescent to activated proliferative adult NSCs, and then go on to discuss the role of miRNAs to regulate neuronal differentiation, survival, and functional integration of the newborn neurons. In this context, we highlight miRNAs that converge on functionally related targets or act within cross talking gene regulatory networks. The cooperative manner of miRNA action and the broad target repertoire of each individual miRNA could make the miRNA system a promising tool to gain control on adult NSCs in the context of therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Stappert
- Institute of Reconstructive Neurobiology, Life & Brain Center, University of Bonn Medical Center, Bonn, Germany
| | - Frederike Klaus
- Institute of Reconstructive Neurobiology, Life & Brain Center, University of Bonn Medical Center, Bonn, Germany
| | - Oliver Brüstle
- Institute of Reconstructive Neurobiology, Life & Brain Center, University of Bonn Medical Center, Bonn, Germany
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15
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Wu X, Zhao X, Miao X. MicroRNA-374b promotes the proliferation and differentiation of neural stem cells through targeting Hes1. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 503:593-599. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.06.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2018] [Accepted: 06/10/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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16
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Directing neuronal cell fate in vitro : Achievements and challenges. Prog Neurobiol 2018; 168:42-68. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2018.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2017] [Revised: 03/30/2018] [Accepted: 04/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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17
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Wang J, He F, Chen L, Li Q, Jin S, Zheng H, Lin J, Zhang H, Ma S, Mei J, Yu J. Resveratrol inhibits pulmonary fibrosis by regulating miR-21 through MAPK/AP-1 pathways. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 105:37-44. [PMID: 29843043 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.05.104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2018] [Revised: 05/16/2018] [Accepted: 05/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the molecular mechanism of Res in regulation of pulmonary fibrosis (PF). METHODS Rats were injected with bleomycin (BLM) to establish a PF model and treated with resveratrol (Res) and/or miR-21 agomir. After 14 days, lung tissues were collected for Hematoxylin-eosin and Masson's staining, and real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction and Western blot were performed to detect fibrosis-related protein expression and the activation of the TGF-β1/Smad pathway. In vitro, MRC-5 cells were pretreated with TGF-β1, Res, and/or miR-21 agomir. After 48 h, total soluble collagen was detected with a Sircol Soluble Collagen Assay. Subsequently, a miR-21 mimic was transfected into MRC-5 cells, and a luciferase reporter assay was employed to verify whether miR-21 targeted Smad7. RESULTS Res reversed the increased levels of miR-21 induced by BLM and alleviated serious PF symptoms, but agomiR-21 treatment effectively impaired the above manifestations. In vivo, miR-21 inhibited the decreases of TGF-β1 and p-Smad2/3 that were induced by Res. In vitro, miR-21 significantly disrupted the positive effect of Res on TGF-β-induced collagen deposition, as well as the levels of Fn, α-SMA, p-Smad2, and Smad7. In addition, Smad7 was found to be a direct target of miR-21-5p. TGF-β stimulation led to an enormous increase in p-c-Jun, c-Jun, and c-Fos, which were significantly reduced by Res. Finally, miR-21 sharply reduced the increased phosphorylation levels of ERK, JNK and p38 that were induced by Res. CONCLUSION Res inhibits BLM-induced PF by regulating miR-21 through MAPK/AP-1 pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wang
- Department of Rheumatology, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming 650034, Yunnan Province, China; The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650034, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Fang He
- Department of Rheumatology, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming 650034, Yunnan Province, China; The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650034, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Lingqiang Chen
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, No. 295 Xichang Road, Kunming 650032, Yunnan Province, China.
| | - Qin Li
- Department of Rheumatology, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming 650034, Yunnan Province, China; The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650034, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Song Jin
- Department of Rheumatology, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming 650034, Yunnan Province, China; The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650034, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Hongmei Zheng
- Department of Rheumatology, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming 650034, Yunnan Province, China; The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650034, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Jun Lin
- Department of Rheumatology, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming 650034, Yunnan Province, China; The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650034, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Hong Zhang
- Department of Rheumatology, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming 650034, Yunnan Province, China; The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650034, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Sha Ma
- Department of Rheumatology, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming 650034, Yunnan Province, China; The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650034, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Jian Mei
- Department of Rheumatology, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming 650034, Yunnan Province, China; The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650034, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Juan Yu
- Department of Rheumatology, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming 650034, Yunnan Province, China; The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650034, Yunnan Province, China
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18
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Muralidharan B, D'Souza L, Tole S. An Efficient System for Gene Perturbation in Embryonic Hippocampal Progenitors Using Ex Vivo Electroporation Followed by In Vitro Dissociated Cell Culture. J Exp Neurosci 2018; 12:1179069518767404. [PMID: 29760561 PMCID: PMC5946340 DOI: 10.1177/1179069518767404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2017] [Accepted: 03/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
We established an efficient cell culture assay that permits combinatorial genetic perturbations in hippocampal progenitors to examine cell-autonomous mechanisms of fate specification. The procedure begins with ex vivo electroporation of isolated, intact embryonic brains, in a manner similar to in utero electroporation but with greatly improved access and targeting. The electroporated region is then dissected and transiently maintained in organotypic explant culture, followed by dissociation and plating of cells on coverslips for in vitro culture. This assay recapitulates data obtained in vivo with respect to the neuron-glia cell fate switch and can be effectively used to test intrinsic or extrinsic factors that regulate this process. The advantages of this ex vivo procedure over in utero electroporation include the fact that distinct combinations of perturbative reagents can be introduced in different embryos from a single litter, and issues related to embryonic lethality of transgenic animals can be circumvented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhavana Muralidharan
- Department of Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Mumbai, India
| | - Leora D'Souza
- Department of Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Mumbai, India
| | - Shubha Tole
- Department of Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Mumbai, India
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19
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Yoon KJ, Vissers C, Ming GL, Song H. Epigenetics and epitranscriptomics in temporal patterning of cortical neural progenitor competence. J Cell Biol 2018; 217:1901-1914. [PMID: 29666150 PMCID: PMC5987727 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201802117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2018] [Revised: 04/05/2018] [Accepted: 04/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Yoon et al. review epigenetic and epitranscriptomic mechanisms that regulate the lineage specification of neural progenitor cells in the developing brain. During embryonic brain development, neural progenitor/stem cells (NPCs) sequentially give rise to different subtypes of neurons and glia via a highly orchestrated process. To accomplish the ordered generation of distinct progenies, NPCs go through multistep transitions of their developmental competence. The molecular mechanisms driving precise temporal coordination of these transitions remains enigmatic. Epigenetic regulation, including changes in chromatin structures, DNA methylation, and histone modifications, has been extensively investigated in the context of cortical neurogenesis. Recent studies of chemical modifications on RNA, termed epitranscriptomics, have also revealed their critical roles in neural development. In this review, we discuss advances in understanding molecular regulation of the sequential lineage specification of NPCs in the embryonic mammalian brain with a focus on epigenetic and epitranscriptomic mechanisms. In particular, the discovery of lineage-specific gene transcripts undergoing rapid turnover in NPCs suggests that NPC developmental fate competence is determined much earlier, before the final cell division, and is more tightly controlled than previously appreciated. We discuss how multiple regulatory systems work in harmony to coordinate NPC behavior and summarize recent findings in the context of a model of epigenetic and transcriptional prepatterning to explain NPC developmental competence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ki-Jun Yoon
- Department of Neuroscience and Mahoney Institute for Neurosciences, Perelman School for Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Caroline Vissers
- The Biochemistry, Cellular and Molecular Biology Graduate Program, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Guo-Li Ming
- Department of Neuroscience and Mahoney Institute for Neurosciences, Perelman School for Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA.,The Biochemistry, Cellular and Molecular Biology Graduate Program, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD.,Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School for Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA.,Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Perelman School for Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Hongjun Song
- Department of Neuroscience and Mahoney Institute for Neurosciences, Perelman School for Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA .,The Biochemistry, Cellular and Molecular Biology Graduate Program, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD.,Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School for Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA.,Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Perelman School for Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA.,The Epigenetics Institute, Perelman School for Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
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20
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Zhou H, Wang B, Sun H, Xu X, Wang Y. Epigenetic Regulations in Neural Stem Cells and Neurological Diseases. Stem Cells Int 2018; 2018:6087143. [PMID: 29743892 PMCID: PMC5878882 DOI: 10.1155/2018/6087143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2017] [Accepted: 01/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Among the regulatory mechanisms of the renewal and differentiation of neural stem cells, recent evidences support that epigenetic modifications such as DNA methylation, histone modification, and noncoding RNAs play critical roles in the regulation on the proliferation and differentiation of neural stem cells. In this review, we discussed recent advances of DNA modifications on the regulative mechanisms of neural stem cells. Among these epigenetic modifications, DNA 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC) modification is emerging as an important modulator on the proliferation and differentiation of neural stem cells. At the same time, Ten-eleven translocation (Tet) methylcytosine dioxygenases, the rate-limiting enzyme for the 5-hydroxymethylation reaction from 5-methylcytosine to 5-hydroxymethylcytosine, play a critical role in the tumorigenesis and the proliferation and differentiation of stem cells. The functions of 5hmC and TET proteins on neural stem cells and their roles in neurological diseases are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang Zhou
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Institute of Neuroscience, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Bin Wang
- Institute of Neuroscience, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Hao Sun
- Department of Orthopedics, Clinical Medical School, Yangzhou University, Northern Jiangsu People's Hospital, Yangzhou 225001, China
| | - Xingshun Xu
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Institute of Neuroscience, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yongxiang Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Clinical Medical School, Yangzhou University, Northern Jiangsu People's Hospital, Yangzhou 225001, China
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21
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Gillet V, Hunting DJ, Takser L. Turing Revisited: Decoding the microRNA Messages in Brain Extracellular Vesicles for Early Detection of Neurodevelopmental Disorders. Curr Environ Health Rep 2018; 3:188-201. [PMID: 27301443 DOI: 10.1007/s40572-016-0093-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The prevention of neurodevelopmental disorders (NDD) of prenatal origin suffers from the lack of objective tools for early detection of susceptible individuals and the long time lag, usually in years, between the neurotoxic exposure and the diagnosis of mental dysfunction. Human data on the effects of alcohol, lead, and mercury and experimental data from animals on developmental neurotoxins and their long-term behavioral effects have achieved a critical mass, leading to the concept of the Developmental Origin of Health and Disease (DOHaD). However, there is currently no way to evaluate the degree of brain damage early after birth. We propose that extracellular vesicles (EVs) and particularly exosomes, released by brain cells into the fetal blood, may offer us a non-invasive means of assessing brain damage by neurotoxins. We are inspired by the strategy applied by Alan Turing (a cryptanalyst working for the British government), who created a first computer to decrypt German intelligence communications during World War II. Given the growing evidence that microRNAs (miRNAs), which are among the molecules carried by EVs, are involved in cell-cell communication, we propose that decrypting messages from EVs can allow us to detect damage thus offering an opportunity to cure, reverse, or prevent the development of NDD. This review summarizes recent findings on miRNAs associated with selected environmental toxicants known to be involved in the pathophysiology of NDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virginie Gillet
- Département Pédiatrie, Faculté de Médecine et Sciences de la Santé de l'Université de Sherbrooke, 3001, 12ème avenue Nord, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada, J1H 5N4
| | - Darel John Hunting
- Département Radiobiologie, Faculté de Médecine et Sciences de la Santé de l'Université de Sherbrooke, 3001, 12ème avenue Nord, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada, J1H 5N4
| | - Larissa Takser
- Département Pédiatrie, Faculté de Médecine et Sciences de la Santé de l'Université de Sherbrooke, 3001, 12ème avenue Nord, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada, J1H 5N4.
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22
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Bai ZT, Bai B, Zhu J, Di CX, Li X, Zhou WC. Epigenetic actions of environmental factors and promising drugs for cancer therapy. Oncol Lett 2017; 15:2049-2056. [PMID: 29434904 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.7597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2016] [Accepted: 06/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Carcinogenesis is known to be primarily associated with gene mutations. Recently, increasing evidence has suggested that epigenetic events also serve crucial roles in tumor etiology. Environmental factors, including nutrition, toxicants and ethanol, are involved in carcinogenesis through inducing epigenetic modifications, such as DNA methylation, histone deacetylase and miRNA regulation. Studying epigenetic mechanisms has facilitated the development of early diagnostic strategies and potential therapeutic avenues. Modulation at the epigenetic level, including reversing epigenetic modifications using targeted drugs, has demonstrated promise in cancer therapy. Therefore, identifying novel epigenetic biomarkers and therapeutic targets has potential for the future of cancer therapy. The present review discusses the environmental factors involved in epigenetic modifications and potential drug candidates for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhong-Tian Bai
- The Second Department of General Surgery, Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Regenerative Medicine, First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, P.R. China.,Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery Institute of Gansu, Medical College Cancer Center of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, P.R. China
| | - Bing Bai
- The Second Department of General Surgery, Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Regenerative Medicine, First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, P.R. China.,Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery Institute of Gansu, Medical College Cancer Center of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, P.R. China
| | - Jun Zhu
- Pathology Department of Donggang Branch Courts, First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, P.R. China
| | - Cui-Xia Di
- Department of Heavy Ion Radiation Medicine, Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, P.R. China
| | - Xun Li
- The Second Department of General Surgery, Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Regenerative Medicine, First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, P.R. China.,Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery Institute of Gansu, Medical College Cancer Center of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, P.R. China
| | - Wen-Ce Zhou
- The Second Department of General Surgery, Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Regenerative Medicine, First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, P.R. China.,Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery Institute of Gansu, Medical College Cancer Center of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, P.R. China
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23
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Bielefeld P, Mooney C, Henshall DC, Fitzsimons CP. miRNA-Mediated Regulation of Adult Hippocampal Neurogenesis; Implications for Epilepsy. Brain Plast 2017; 3:43-59. [PMID: 29765859 PMCID: PMC5928558 DOI: 10.3233/bpl-160036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Hippocampal neural stem/progenitor cells (NSPCs) proliferate and differentiate to generate new neurons across the life span of most mammals, including humans. This process takes place within a characteristic local microenvironment where NSPCs interact with a variety of other cell types and encounter systemic regulatory factors. Within this microenvironment, cell intrinsic gene expression programs are modulated by cell extrinsic signals through complex interactions, in many cases involving short non-coding RNA molecules, such as miRNAs. Here we review the regulation of gene expression in NSPCs by miRNAs and its possible implications for epilepsy, which has been linked to alterations in adult hippocampal neurogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pascal Bielefeld
- Neuroscience Program, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Catherine Mooney
- Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - David C. Henshall
- Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Carlos P. Fitzsimons
- Neuroscience Program, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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24
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Zhang WM, Zhang ZR, Yang XT, Zhang YG, Gao YS. Overexpression of miR‑21 promotes neural stem cell proliferation and neural differentiation via the Wnt/β‑catenin signaling pathway in vitro. Mol Med Rep 2017; 17:330-335. [PMID: 29115610 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.7856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2015] [Accepted: 01/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The primary aim of the present study was to examine the effects of microRNA‑21 (miR‑21) on the proliferation and differentiation of rat primary neural stem cells (NSCs) in vitro. miR‑21 was overexpressed in NSCs by transfection with a miR‑21 mimic. The effects of miR‑21 overexpression on NSC proliferation were revealed by Cell Counting kit 8 and 5‑ethynyl‑2'‑deoxyuridine incorporation assay, and miR‑21 overexpression was revealed to increase NSC proliferation. miR‑21 overexpression was confirmed using reverse transcription‑quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT‑qPCR). mRNA and protein expression levels of key molecules (β‑catenin, cyclin D1, p21 and miR‑21) in the Wnt/β‑catenin signaling pathway were studied by RT‑qPCR and western blot analysis. RT‑qPCR and western blot analyses revealed that miR‑21 overexpression increased β‑catenin and cyclin D1 expression, and decreased p21 expression. These results suggested that miR‑21‑induced increase in proliferation was mediated by activation of the Wnt/β‑catenin signaling pathway, since overexpression of miR‑21 increased β‑catenin and cyclin D1 expression and reduced p21 expression. Furthermore, inhibition of the Wnt/β‑catenin pathway with FH535 attenuated the influence of miR‑21 overexpression on NSC proliferation, indicating that the factors activated by miR‑21 overexpression were inhibited by FH535 treatment. Furthermore, overexpression of miR‑21 enhanced the differentiation of NSCs into neurons and inhibited their differentiation into astrocytes. The present study indicated that in primary rat NSCs, overexpression of miR‑21 may promote proliferation and differentiation into neurons via the Wnt/β‑catenin signaling pathway in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Min Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhumadian Central Hospital, Zhumadian, Henan 463000, P.R. China
| | - Zhi-Ren Zhang
- Medical Department, Zhumadian Central Hospital, Zhumadian, Henan 463000, P.R. China
| | - Xi-Tao Yang
- Department of Interventional Radiotherapy, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, P.R. China
| | - Yong-Gang Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhumadian Central Hospital, Zhumadian, Henan 463000, P.R. China
| | - Yan-Sheng Gao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhumadian Central Hospital, Zhumadian, Henan 463000, P.R. China
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25
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Encinas JM, Fitzsimons CP. Gene regulation in adult neural stem cells. Current challenges and possible applications. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2017; 120:118-132. [PMID: 28751200 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2017.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2017] [Revised: 07/17/2017] [Accepted: 07/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Adult neural stem and progenitor cells (NSPCs) offer a unique opportunity for neural regeneration and niche modification in physiopathological conditions, harnessing the capability to modify from neuronal circuits to glial scar. Findings exposing the vast plasticity and potential of NSPCs have accumulated over the past years and we currently know that adult NSPCs can naturally give rise not only to neurons but also to astrocytes and reactive astrocytes, and eventually to oligodendrocytes through genetic manipulation. We can consider NSPCs as endogenous flexible tools to fight against neurodegenerative and neurological disorders and aging. In addition, NSPCs can be considered as active agents contributing to chronic brain alterations and as relevant cell populations to be preserved, so that their main function, neurogenesis, is not lost in damage or disease. Altogether we believe that learning to manipulate NSPC is essential to prevent, ameliorate or restore some of the cognitive deficits associated with brain disease and injury, and therefore should be considered as target for future therapeutic strategies. The first step to accomplish this goal is to target them specifically, by unveiling and understanding their unique markers and signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Manuel Encinas
- Achucarro Basque Center for Neuroscience, Bizkaia Science and Technology Park, 205, 48170 Zamudio, Spain; Ikerbasque, The Basque Science Foundation, María Díaz de Haro 3, 6(th) Floor, 48013 Bilbao, Spain; University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Barrio Sarriena s/n, 48940 Leioa, Spain.
| | - Carlos P Fitzsimons
- Neuroscience Program, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, University of Amsterdam, SciencePark 904, 1098XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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26
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Saraiva C, Esteves M, Bernardino L. MicroRNA: Basic concepts and implications for regeneration and repair of neurodegenerative diseases. Biochem Pharmacol 2017; 141:118-131. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2017.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2017] [Accepted: 07/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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27
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β-Arrestin1/miR-326 Transcription Unit Is Epigenetically Regulated in Neural Stem Cells Where It Controls Stemness and Growth Arrest. Stem Cells Int 2017; 2017:5274171. [PMID: 28298929 PMCID: PMC5337365 DOI: 10.1155/2017/5274171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2016] [Revised: 01/02/2017] [Accepted: 01/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell development is regulated by a complex network of mRNA-encoded proteins and microRNAs, all funnelling onto the modulation of self-renewal or differentiation genes. How intragenic microRNAs and their host genes are transcriptionally coregulated and their functional relationships for the control of neural stem cells (NSCs) are poorly understood. We propose here the intragenic miR-326 and its host gene β-arrestin1 as novel players whose epigenetic silencing maintains stemness in normal cerebellar stem cells. Such a regulation is mediated by CpG islands methylation of the common promoter. Epigenetic derepression of β-arrestin1/miR-326 by differentiation signals or demethylating agents leads to suppression of stemness features and cell growth and promotes cell differentiation. β-Arrestin1 inhibits cell proliferation by enhancing the nuclear expression of the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p27. Therefore, we propose a new mechanism for the control of cerebellar NSCs where a coordinated epigenetic mechanism finely regulates β-arrestin1/miR-326 expression and consequently NSCs stemness and cell growth.
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28
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Wang Y, Jiaqi C, Zhaoying C, Huimin C. MicroRNA-506-3p regulates neural stem cell proliferation and differentiation through targeting TCF3. Gene 2016; 593:193-200. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2016.08.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2016] [Revised: 08/08/2016] [Accepted: 08/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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29
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Li Z, Shen J, Chan MTV, Wu WKK. The role of microRNAs in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma. J Cell Mol Med 2016; 21:177-184. [PMID: 27619971 PMCID: PMC5192883 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.12951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2015] [Accepted: 07/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) is the second most common primary hepatic malignancy with poor prognosis. Despite improvements in its diagnosis and therapy, the prognosis for ICC patients remains poor. An improved understanding of ICC pathogenesis and consequential identification of novel therapeutic targets would improve the prognosis of ICC patients. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of highly conserved, endogenous, small non‐coding RNA molecules of 18–23 nucleotides in length, which regulate gene expression through complementary base‐pairing with target messenger RNAs and subsequent gene silencing. Several studies have shown deregulated expression of miRNAs in ICC cell lines and tissues, in which these miRNAs play important roles in ICC apoptosis, cell proliferation, invasion, migration and metastasis. In this review, we illustrate the potential role of miRNA in the pathogenesis of ICC and explore the possibilities of using miRNAs as prognostic and diagnostic markers, as well as therapeutic targets in ICC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Li
- Department of Orthopedics Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jianxiong Shen
- Department of Orthopedics Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Matthew T V Chan
- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - William Ka Kei Wu
- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,State Key Laboratory of Digestive Daase, LKS Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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30
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Narayanan A, Hill-Teran G, Moro A, Ristori E, Kasper DM, A. Roden C, Lu J, Nicoli S. In vivo mutagenesis of miRNA gene families using a scalable multiplexed CRISPR/Cas9 nuclease system. Sci Rep 2016; 6:32386. [PMID: 27572667 PMCID: PMC5004112 DOI: 10.1038/srep32386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2016] [Accepted: 08/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
A large number of microRNAs (miRNAs) are grouped into families derived from the same phylogenetic ancestors. miRNAs within a family often share the same physiological functions despite differences in their primary sequences, secondary structures, or chromosomal locations. Consequently, the generation of animal models to analyze the activity of miRNA families is extremely challenging. Using zebrafish as a model system, we successfully provide experimental evidence that a large number of miRNAs can be simultaneously mutated to abrogate the activity of an entire miRNA family. We show that injection of the Cas9 nuclease and two, four, ten, and up to twenty-four multiplexed single guide RNAs (sgRNAs) can induce mutations in 90% of the miRNA genomic sequences analyzed. We performed a survey of these 45 mutations in 10 miRNA genes, analyzing the impact of our mutagenesis strategy on the processing of each miRNA both computationally and in vivo. Our results offer an effective approach to mutate and study the activity of miRNA families and pave the way for further analysis on the function of complex miRNA families in higher multicellular organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anand Narayanan
- Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Section of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Guillermina Hill-Teran
- Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Section of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Albertomaria Moro
- Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Section of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Emma Ristori
- Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Section of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Dionna M. Kasper
- Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Section of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Christine A. Roden
- Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
- Yale Stem Cell Center and Yale Cancer Center, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
| | - Jun Lu
- Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
- Yale Stem Cell Center and Yale Cancer Center, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
| | - Stefania Nicoli
- Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Section of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
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31
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Li S, Zhao W, Xu Q, Yu Y, Yin C. MicroRNA-765 regulates neural stem cell proliferation and differentiation by modulating Hes1 expression. Am J Transl Res 2016; 8:3115-3123. [PMID: 27508032 PMCID: PMC4969448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2015] [Accepted: 01/23/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Neural stem cells (NSCs) are multipotent, self-renewing and undifferentiated cells that have the ability to differentiate to both glial and neuronal lineages. miRNAs act a key role in regulating neuronal fate and self-renewal of NSCs. In this study, we found that ectopic expression of miR-765 promoted NSCs proliferation. Moreover, miR-765 overexpression increased the ki-67 and β-tubulin-III expression inNSCs. Overexpression of miR-765 inhibited the expression of GFAP in NSCs. Furthermore, Hes1 was identified as a direct target gene of miR-765 in NSCs. Overexpression of Hes1 decreased miR-765-induced proliferation of NSCs and inhibited NSCs differentiation to neurons in miR-765-treated NSCs. These results demonstrated that miR-765 acted a crucial role in NSCs differentiation and proliferation by inhibiting Hes1 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siou Li
- Department of Neurology, Hongqi Hospital, Mudanjiang Medical University Aimin District, Mudanjiang, Heilongjiang, China 157011
| | - Weina Zhao
- Department of Neurology, Hongqi Hospital, Mudanjiang Medical University Aimin District, Mudanjiang, Heilongjiang, China 157011
| | - Qing Xu
- Department of Neurology, Hongqi Hospital, Mudanjiang Medical University Aimin District, Mudanjiang, Heilongjiang, China 157011
| | - Yang Yu
- Department of Neurology, Hongqi Hospital, Mudanjiang Medical University Aimin District, Mudanjiang, Heilongjiang, China 157011
| | - Changhao Yin
- Department of Neurology, Hongqi Hospital, Mudanjiang Medical University Aimin District, Mudanjiang, Heilongjiang, China 157011
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32
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Sang W, Sun C, Zhang C, Zhang D, Wang Y, Xu L, Zhang Z, Wei X, Pan B, Yan D, Zhu F, Yan Z, Cao J, Loughran TP, Xu K. MicroRNA-150 negatively regulates the function of CD4(+) T cells through AKT3/Bim signaling pathway. Cell Immunol 2016; 306-307:35-40. [PMID: 27329362 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2016.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2016] [Revised: 05/28/2016] [Accepted: 05/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Donor-derived CD4(+) T lymphocytes are the major effector cells directly involved in the development of graft-versus-host disease (GVHD). As a negative regulator of immune cell differentiation and development, microRNA-150 (miR-150) induces immunological tolerance in CD4(+) T cells after transplantation. However, the specific mechanisms have not been fully elucidated. In this study, we demonstrated that miR-150 is capable of not only inhibiting proliferation and activation of CD4(+) T cells but also promoting apoptosis. Mechanistically, miR-150 targets v-akt murine thymoma viral oncogene homolog 3 (AKT3), and subsequently downregulates B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) interacting mediator of cell death (BIM). We have also demonstrated that re-expression of AKT3 reversed miR-150-mediated inhibition of CD4(+) T lymphocyte development. Therefore, we conclude that miR-150 negatively regulates CD4(+) T cell function by inhibiting the AKT3/BIM signaling pathway. These findings also suggest that manipulating the levels of miRNA-150 could be a valuable strategy in prevention and/or treatment of acute graft-versus-host disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Sang
- Blood Diseases Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China; The Key Laboratory of Transplantation Immunity, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Cai Sun
- Blood Diseases Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China; The Key Laboratory of Transplantation Immunity, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Cong Zhang
- Department of hematology, Huaibei Miners General Hospital, Anhui Province, China
| | - Dianzheng Zhang
- Department of Bio-Medical Sciences, Philadelphia College of Osteopathic Medicine, USA
| | - Ying Wang
- Blood Diseases Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China; The Key Laboratory of Transplantation Immunity, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Linyan Xu
- Blood Diseases Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China; The Key Laboratory of Transplantation Immunity, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Zhe Zhang
- Blood Diseases Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China; The Key Laboratory of Transplantation Immunity, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xiangyu Wei
- Blood Diseases Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China; The Key Laboratory of Transplantation Immunity, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Bin Pan
- Blood Diseases Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China; The Key Laboratory of Transplantation Immunity, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Dongmei Yan
- Blood Diseases Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China; The Key Laboratory of Transplantation Immunity, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Feng Zhu
- Blood Diseases Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China; The Key Laboratory of Transplantation Immunity, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Zhiling Yan
- Blood Diseases Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China; The Key Laboratory of Transplantation Immunity, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Jiang Cao
- Blood Diseases Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China; The Key Laboratory of Transplantation Immunity, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Thomas P Loughran
- Department of Medicine, University of Virginia Cancer Center, VA, USA.
| | - Kailin Xu
- Blood Diseases Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China; The Key Laboratory of Transplantation Immunity, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Jiangsu Province, China.
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33
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Qiao Y, Yang X, Jing N. Epigenetic regulation of early neural fate commitment. Cell Mol Life Sci 2016; 73:1399-411. [PMID: 26801220 PMCID: PMC11108527 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-015-2125-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2015] [Revised: 12/01/2015] [Accepted: 12/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Early neural fate commitment is a key process in neural development and establishment of the central nervous system, and this process is tightly controlled by extrinsic signals, intrinsic factors, and epigenetic regulation. Here, we summarize the main findings regarding the regulatory network of epigenetic mechanisms that play important roles during early neural fate determination and embryonic development, including histone modifications, chromatin remodeling, DNA modifications, and RNA-level regulation. These regulatory mechanisms coordinate to play essential roles in silencing of pluripotency genes and activating key neurodevelopmental genes during cell fate commitment at DNA, histone, chromatin, and RNA levels. Moreover, we discuss the relationship between epigenetic regulation, signaling pathways, and intrinsic factors during early neural fate specification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunbo Qiao
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yue Yang Road, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Xianfa Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yue Yang Road, Shanghai, 200031, China
- School of Life Science and Technology, Shanghai Tech University, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Naihe Jing
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yue Yang Road, Shanghai, 200031, China.
- School of Life Science and Technology, Shanghai Tech University, Shanghai, 200031, China.
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34
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Shi X, Yan C, Liu B, Yang C, Nie X, Wang X, Zheng J, Wang Y, Zhu Y. miR-381 Regulates Neural Stem Cell Proliferation and Differentiation via Regulating Hes1 Expression. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0138973. [PMID: 26431046 PMCID: PMC4591969 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0138973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2015] [Accepted: 09/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Neural stem cells are self-renewing, multipotent and undifferentiated precursors that retain the capacity for differentiation into both glial (astrocytes and oligodendrocytes) and neuronal lineages. Neural stem cells offer cell-based therapies for neurological disorders such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease and spinal cord injuries. However, their cellular behavior is poorly understood. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of small noncoding RNAs involved in cell development, proliferation and differentiation through regulating gene expression at post-transcriptional level. The role of miR-381 in the development of neural stem cells remains unknown. In this study, we showed that overexpression of miR-381 promoted neural stem cells proliferation. It induced the neural stem cells differentiation to neurons and inhibited their differentiation to astrocytes. Furthermore, we identified HES1 as a direct target of miR-381 in neural stem cells. Moreover, re-expression of HES1 impaired miR-381-induced promotion of neural stem cells proliferation and induce neural stem cells differentiation to neurons. In conclusion, miR-381 played important role in neural stem cells proliferation and differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodong Shi
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, PR China
| | - Chunhua Yan
- Department of Respiratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, PR China
| | - Baoquan Liu
- Department of anatomy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, PR China
| | - Chunxiao Yang
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, PR China
| | - Xuedan Nie
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, PR China
| | - Xiaokun Wang
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, PR China
| | - Jiaolin Zheng
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, PR China
| | - Yue Wang
- Department of Occupational Health, College of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, PR China
| | - Yulan Zhu
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, PR China
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35
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Huang Y, Liu X, Wang Y. MicroRNA-378 regulates neural stem cell proliferation and differentiation in vitro by modulating Tailless expression. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2015; 466:214-20. [PMID: 26361139 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2015.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2015] [Accepted: 09/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies have suggested that microRNAs (miRNAs) play an important role in regulating neural stem cell (NSC) proliferation and differentiation. However, the precise role of miRNAs in NSC remains largely unexplored. In this study, we showed that miR-378 can target Tailless (TLX), a critical regulator of NSC, to regulate NSC proliferation and differentiation. By bioinformatic algorithms, miR-378 was found to have a predicted target site in the 3'-untranslated region of TLX, which was verified by a dual-luciferase reporter assay. The expression of miR-378 was increased during NSC differentiation and inversely correlated with TLX expression. qPCR and Western blot analysis also showed that miR-378 negatively regulated TLX mRNA and protein expression in neural stem cells (NSCs). Intriguingly, overexpression of miR-378 increased NSC differentiation and reduced NSC proliferation, whereas suppression of miR-378 led to decreased NSC differentiation and increased NSC proliferation. Moreover, the downstream targets of TLX, including p21, PTEN and Wnt/β-catenin were also found to be regulated by miR-378. Additionally, overexpression of TLX rescued the NSC proliferation deficiency induced by miR-378 overexpression and abolished miR-378-promoted NSC differentiation. Taken together, our data suggest that miR-378 is a novel miRNA that regulates NSC proliferation and differentiation via targeting TLX. Therefore, manipulating miR-378 in NSCs could be a novel strategy to develop novel interventions for the treatment of relevant neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanxia Huang
- Department of Psychology and Psychiatry, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710004, China; Department of Rehabilitation, Xi'an Children's Hospital, Xi'an 710003, China
| | - Xiaoguai Liu
- The 3rd Department of Infectious Diseases, Xi'an Children's Hospital, Xi'an 710003, China
| | - Yaping Wang
- Department of Psychology and Psychiatry, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710004, China.
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36
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Ristori E, Lopez-Ramirez MA, Narayanan A, Hill-Teran G, Moro A, Calvo CF, Thomas JL, Nicoli S. A Dicer-miR-107 Interaction Regulates Biogenesis of Specific miRNAs Crucial for Neurogenesis. Dev Cell 2015; 32:546-60. [PMID: 25662174 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2014.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2014] [Revised: 10/16/2014] [Accepted: 12/17/2014] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Dicer controls the biogenesis of microRNAs (miRNAs) and is essential for neurogenesis. Recent reports show that the levels and substrate selectivity of DICER result in the preferential biogenesis of specific miRNAs in vitro. However, how dicer expression levels and miRNA biogenesis are regulated in vivo and how this affects neurogenesis is incompletely understood. Here we show that during zebrafish hindbrain development dicer expression levels are controlled by miR-107 to tune the biogenesis of specific miRNAs, such as miR-9, whose levels regulate neurogenesis. Loss of miR-107 function stabilizes dicer levels and miR-9 biogenesis across the ventricular hindbrain zone, resulting in an increase of both proliferating progenitors and postmitotic neurons. miR-9 ectopic accumulation in differentiating neuronal cells recapitulated the excessive neurogenesis phenotype. We propose that miR-107 modulation of dicer levels in differentiating neuronal cells is required to maintain the homeostatic levels of specific miRNAs, whose precise accumulation is essential for neurogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Ristori
- Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Internal Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | | | - Anand Narayanan
- Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Internal Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - Guillermina Hill-Teran
- Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Internal Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - Albertomaria Moro
- Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Internal Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - Charles-Félix Calvo
- University Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris 6, Centre de Recherche de l'Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Epiniere, UMR S975, Paris 75651, France; INSERM/CNRS U-1127/UMR-7225, Paris 75651, France; AP-HP, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpètrière, Paris 75651, France
| | - Jean-Léon Thomas
- Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Internal Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA; University Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris 6, Centre de Recherche de l'Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Epiniere, UMR S975, Paris 75651, France; INSERM/CNRS U-1127/UMR-7225, Paris 75651, France; AP-HP, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpètrière, Paris 75651, France
| | - Stefania Nicoli
- Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Internal Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA.
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37
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Zare M, Soleimani M, Akbarzadeh A, Bakhshandeh B, Aghaee-Bakhtiari SH, Zarghami N. A Novel Protocol to Differentiate Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells by Neuronal microRNAs to Provide a Suitable Cellular Model. Chem Biol Drug Des 2015; 86:232-8. [DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.12485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2014] [Revised: 11/15/2014] [Accepted: 11/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mehrak Zare
- Department of Cellular Biology; Stem Cell Technology Research Center; Tehran Iran
- Neurosciences Research Center; Tabriz University of Medical Sciences; Tabriz Iran
| | - Masoud Soleimani
- Department of Haematology; School of Medicine; Tarbiat Modares University; Tehran Iran
| | - Abolfazl Akbarzadeh
- Department of Medical Nanotechnology; Faculty of Advanced Medical Science; Tabriz University of Medical Sciences; Tabriz Iran
| | - Behnaz Bakhshandeh
- Department of Biotechnology; College of Science; University of Tehran; Tehran Iran
| | | | - Nosratollah Zarghami
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Laboratory; Faculty of Medicine; Tabriz University of Medical Sciences; Tabriz Iran
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry; Radiopharmacy Lab; Drug Applied Research Center; Tabriz University of Medical Sciences; Tabriz Iran
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38
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Urbán N, Guillemot F. Neurogenesis in the embryonic and adult brain: same regulators, different roles. Front Cell Neurosci 2014; 8:396. [PMID: 25505873 PMCID: PMC4245909 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2014.00396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 335] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2014] [Accepted: 11/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurogenesis persists in adult mammals in specific brain areas, known as neurogenic niches. Adult neurogenesis is highly dynamic and is modulated by multiple physiological stimuli and pathological states. There is a strong interest in understanding how this process is regulated, particularly since active neuronal production has been demonstrated in both the hippocampus and the subventricular zone (SVZ) of adult humans. The molecular mechanisms that control neurogenesis have been extensively studied during embryonic development. Therefore, we have a broad knowledge of the intrinsic factors and extracellular signaling pathways driving proliferation and differentiation of embryonic neural precursors. Many of these factors also play important roles during adult neurogenesis, but essential differences exist in the biological responses of neural precursors in the embryonic and adult contexts. Because adult neural stem cells (NSCs) are normally found in a quiescent state, regulatory pathways can affect adult neurogenesis in ways that have no clear counterpart during embryogenesis. BMP signaling, for instance, regulates NSC behavior both during embryonic and adult neurogenesis. However, this pathway maintains stem cell proliferation in the embryo, while it promotes quiescence to prevent stem cell exhaustion in the adult brain. In this review, we will compare and contrast the functions of transcription factors (TFs) and other regulatory molecules in the embryonic brain and in adult neurogenic regions of the adult brain in the mouse, with a special focus on the hippocampal niche and on the regulation of the balance between quiescence and activation of adult NSCs in this region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noelia Urbán
- Department of Molecular Neurobiology, MRC National Institute for Medical Research London, UK
| | - François Guillemot
- Department of Molecular Neurobiology, MRC National Institute for Medical Research London, UK
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Abstract
The etiology of many brain diseases remains allusive to date after intensive investigation of genomic background and symptomatology from the day of birth. Emerging evidences indicate that a third factor, epigenetics prior to the birth, can exert profound influence on the development and functioning of the brain and over many neurodevelopmental syndromes. This chapter reviews how aversive environmental exposure to parents might predispose or increase vulnerability of offspring to neurodevelopmental deficit through alteration of epigenetics. These epigenetic altering environmental factors will be discussed in the category of addictive agents, nutrition or diet, prescriptive medicine, environmental pollutant, and stress. Epigenetic alterations induced by these aversive environmental factors cover all aspects of epigenetics including DNA methylation, histone modification, noncoding RNA, and chromatin modification. Next, the mechanisms how these environmental inputs influence epigenetics will be discussed. Finally, how environmentally altered epigenetic marks affect neurodevelopment is exemplified by the alcohol-induced fetal alcohol syndrome. It is hoped that a thorough understanding of the nature of prenatal epigenetic inputs will enable researchers with a clear vision to better unravel neurodevelopmental deficit, late-onset neuropsychiatric diseases, or idiosyncratic mental disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiao-Ling Lo
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Stark Neuroscience Research Institute, Indiana Alcohol Research Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, and Department of Psychology, Indiana University Purdue University at Indianapolis, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Feng C Zhou
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Stark Neuroscience Research Institute, Indiana Alcohol Research Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, and Department of Psychology, Indiana University Purdue University at Indianapolis, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA.
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