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Hong SH, Yu X, Zhu Y, Chen Y. Liver epigenomic signature associated with chronic oxidative stress in a mouse model of glutathione deficiency. Chem Biol Interact 2024; 398:111093. [PMID: 38830566 PMCID: PMC11223951 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2024.111093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2024] [Revised: 05/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
Oxidative stress is intimately involved in the pathogenesis of fatty liver disease (FLD). A major factor contributing to oxidative stress is the depletion of the ubiquitous antioxidant glutathione (GSH). Unexpectedly, chronic GSH deficiency renders glutamate-cysteine ligase modifier subunit (Gclm)-null mice protected from fatty liver injuries. Epigenetic regulation serves as an important cellular mechanism in modulating gene expression and disease outcome in FLD, although it is not well understood how systemic redox imbalance modifies the liver epigenome. In the current study, utilizing the Gclm-null mouse model, we aimed to elucidate redox-associated epigenomic changes and their implications in liver stress response. We performed high-throughput array-based DNA methylation profiling (MeDIP array) in 22,327 gene promoter regions (from -1300 bp to +500 bp of the Transcription Start Sites) in the liver and peripheral blood cells. Results from the MeDIP array demonstrate that, although global methylation enrichment in gene promoters did not change, low GSH resulted in prevalent demethylation at the individual promoter level. Such an effect likely attributed to a declined availability of the methyl donor S-adenosyl methionine (SAM) in Gclm-null liver. Functional enrichment analysis of liver target genes is suggestive of a potential role of epigenetic mechanisms in promoting cellular survival and lipid homeostasis in Gclm-null liver. In comparison with the liver tissue, MeDIP array in peripheral blood cells revealed a panel of 19 gene promoters that are candidate circulating biomarkers for hepatic epigenomic changes associated with chronic GSH deficiency. Collectively, our results provided new insights into the in vivo interplay between liver redox state and DNA methylation status. The current study laid the groundwork for future epigenetic/epigenomic investigations in experimental settings or human populations under conditions of liver oxidative stress induced by environmental or dietary challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seong Hwi Hong
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA
| | - Xiaoqing Yu
- Department of Biostatistics, Yale School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA
| | - Yong Zhu
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA
| | - Ying Chen
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA.
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Wen J, Cheng J, Wang L, Li C, Zou Y, Wu J, Liu J. Dynamic molecular choreography induced by acute heat exposure in human males: a longitudinal multi-omics profiling study. Front Public Health 2024; 12:1384544. [PMID: 38813424 PMCID: PMC11135052 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1384544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Extreme heat events caused by occupational exposure and heat waves are becoming more common. However, the molecular changes underlying the response to heat exposure in humans remain to be elucidated. Methods This study used longitudinal multi-omics profiling to assess the impact of acute heat exposure (50°C for 30 min) in 24 subjects from a mine rescue team. Intravenous blood samples were collected before acute heat exposure (baseline) and at 5 min, 30 min, 1 h, and 24 h after acute heat exposure (recovery). In-depth multi-omics profiling was performed on each sample, including plasma proteomics (untargeted) and metabolomics (untargeted). Results After data curation and annotation, the final dataset contained 2,473 analytes, including 478 proteins and 1995 metabolites. Time-series analysis unveiled an orchestrated molecular choreography of changes involving the immune response, coagulation, acid-base balance, oxidative stress, cytoskeleton, and energy metabolism. Further analysis through protein-protein interactions and network analysis revealed potential regulators of acute heat exposure. Moreover, novel blood-based analytes that predicted change in cardiopulmonary function after acute heat exposure were identified. Conclusion This study provided a comprehensive investigation of the dynamic molecular changes that underlie the complex physiological processes that occur in human males who undergo heat exposure. Our findings will help health impact assessment of extreme high temperature and inspire future mechanistic and clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jirui Wen
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Deep Underground Space Medical Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Guoxuexiang, Chengdu, China
- Jinping Deep Underground Frontier Science and Dark Matter Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Liangshan, China
- State Key Laboratory of Intelligent Construction and Healthy Operation and Maintenance of Deep Underground Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Juan Cheng
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Deep Underground Space Medical Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Guoxuexiang, Chengdu, China
| | - Ling Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Deep Underground Space Medical Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Guoxuexiang, Chengdu, China
- Jinping Deep Underground Frontier Science and Dark Matter Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Liangshan, China
| | - Can Li
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Deep Underground Space Medical Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Guoxuexiang, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuhao Zou
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Deep Underground Space Medical Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Guoxuexiang, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiang Wu
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Deep Underground Space Medical Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Guoxuexiang, Chengdu, China
- Jinping Deep Underground Frontier Science and Dark Matter Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Liangshan, China
- Med-X Center for Manufacturing, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jifeng Liu
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Deep Underground Space Medical Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Guoxuexiang, Chengdu, China
- Jinping Deep Underground Frontier Science and Dark Matter Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Liangshan, China
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He X, Cai L, Tang H, Chen W, Hu W. Epigenetic modifications in radiation-induced non-targeted effects and their clinical significance. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2023; 1867:130386. [PMID: 37230420 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2023.130386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ionizing radiation (IR) plays an important role in the diagnosis and treatment of cancer. Besides the targeted effects, the non-targeted effects, which cause damage to non-irradiated cells and genomic instability in normal tissues, also play a role in the side effects of radiotherapy and have been shown to involve both alterations in DNA sequence and regulation of epigenetic modifications. SCOPE OF REVIEW We summarize the recent findings regarding epigenetic modifications that are involved in radiation-induced non-targeted effects as well as their clinical significance in radiotherapy and radioprotection. MAJOR CONCLUSIONS Epigenetic modifications play an important role in both the realization and modulation of radiobiological effects. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying non-targeted effects still need to be clarified. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE A better understanding of the epigenetic mechanisms related to radiation-induced non-targeted effects will guide both individualized clinical radiotherapy and individualized precise radioprotection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyang He
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiological Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Luwei Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiological Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Haoyi Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiological Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Weibo Chen
- Nuclear and Radiation Incident Medical Emergency Office, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215004, China.
| | - Wentao Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiological Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China.
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Veltman CHJ, Pennings JLA, van de Water B, Luijten M. An Adverse Outcome Pathway Network for Chemically Induced Oxidative Stress Leading to (Non)genotoxic Carcinogenesis. Chem Res Toxicol 2023. [PMID: 37156502 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.2c00396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Nongenotoxic (NGTX) carcinogens induce cancer via other mechanisms than direct DNA damage. A recognized mode of action for NGTX carcinogens is induction of oxidative stress, a state in which the amount of oxidants in a cell exceeds its antioxidant capacity, leading to regenerative proliferation. Currently, carcinogenicity assessment of environmental chemicals primarily relies on genetic toxicity end points. Since NGTX carcinogens lack genotoxic potential, these chemicals may remain undetected in such evaluations. To enhance the predictivity of test strategies for carcinogenicity assessment, a shift toward mechanism-based approaches is required. Here, we present an adverse outcome pathway (AOP) network for chemically induced oxidative stress leading to (NGTX) carcinogenesis. To develop this AOP network, we first investigated the role of oxidative stress in the various cancer hallmarks. Next, possible mechanisms for chemical induction of oxidative stress and the biological effects of oxidative damage to macromolecules were considered. This resulted in an AOP network, of which associated uncertainties were explored. Ultimately, development of AOP networks relevant for carcinogenesis in humans will aid the transition to a mechanism-based, human relevant carcinogenicity assessment that involves a substantially lower number of laboratory animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina H J Veltman
- Centre for Health Protection, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), 3720 BA Bilthoven, The Netherlands
- Division of Drug Discovery and Safety, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research (LACDR), Leiden University, 2333 CC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Jeroen L A Pennings
- Centre for Health Protection, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), 3720 BA Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Bob van de Water
- Division of Drug Discovery and Safety, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research (LACDR), Leiden University, 2333 CC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Mirjam Luijten
- Centre for Health Protection, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), 3720 BA Bilthoven, The Netherlands
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Detrimental Effects of Lipid Peroxidation in Type 2 Diabetes: Exploring the Neutralizing Influence of Antioxidants. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11102071. [PMID: 36290794 PMCID: PMC9598619 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11102071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2022] [Revised: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipid peroxidation, including its prominent byproducts such as malondialdehyde (MDA) and 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal (4-HNE), has long been linked with worsened metabolic health in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D). In fact, patients with T2D already display increased levels of lipids in circulation, including low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol and triglycerides, which are easily attacked by reactive oxygen molecules to give rise to lipid peroxidation. This process severely depletes intracellular antioxidants to cause excess generation of oxidative stress. This consequence mainly drives poor glycemic control and metabolic complications that are implicated in the development of cardiovascular disease. The current review explores the pathological relevance of elevated lipid peroxidation products in T2D, especially highlighting their potential role as biomarkers and therapeutic targets in disease severity. In addition, we briefly explain the implication of some prominent antioxidant enzymes/factors involved in the blockade of lipid peroxidation, including termination reactions that involve the effect of antioxidants, such as catalase, coenzyme Q10, glutathione peroxidase, and superoxide dismutase, as well as vitamins C and E.
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Epigenetic Marks, DNA Damage Markers, or Both? The Impact of Desiccation and Accelerated Aging on Nucleobase Modifications in Plant Genomic DNA. Cells 2022; 11:cells11111748. [PMID: 35681443 PMCID: PMC9179523 DOI: 10.3390/cells11111748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Revised: 05/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Modifications of DNA nucleobases are present in all forms of life. The purpose of these modifications in eukaryotic cells, however, is not always clear. Although the role of 5-methylcytosine (m5C) in epigenetic regulation and the maintenance of stability in plant genomes is becoming better understood, knowledge pertaining to the origin and function of oxidized nucleobases is still scarce. The formation of 5-hydroxymetylcytosine (hm5C) in plant genomes is especially debatable. DNA modifications, functioning as regulatory factors or serving as DNA injury markers, may have an effect on DNA structure and the interaction of genomic DNA with proteins. Thus, these modifications can influence plant development and adaptation to environmental stress. Here, for the first time, the changes in DNA global levels of m5C, hm5C, and 8-oxo-7,8-dihydroguanine (8-oxoG) measured by ELISA have been documented in recalcitrant embryonic axes subjected to desiccation and accelerated aging. We demonstrated that tissue desiccation induces a similar trend in changes in the global level of hm5C and 8-oxoG, which may suggest that they both originate from the activity of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Our study supports the premise that m5C can serve as a marker of plant tissue viability whereas oxidized nucleobases, although indicating a cellular redox state, cannot.
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Baszyński J, Kamiński P, Bogdzińska M, Mroczkowski S, Szymański M, Wasilow K, Stanek E, Hołderna-Bona K, Brodzka S, Bilski R, Tkachenko H, Kurhaluk N, Stuczyński T, Lorek M, Woźniak A. Enzymatic Antioxidant Defense and Polymorphic Changes in Male Infertility. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:817. [PMID: 35624681 PMCID: PMC9138092 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11050817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Revised: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The intensification of oxidative stress and destabilization of the antioxidative defenses of an organism is a consequence of many environmental factors. We considered aspects conditioning male reproductive potential and the functionality of enzymatic antioxidative mechanisms, i.e., superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and glutathione reductase (GR), and their correlations with Li, Be, B, Na, Mg, Al, P, K, Ca, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Se, Sr, Mo, Ag, Cd, Sn, Sb, Ba, Hg, Tl, Pb, and malondialdehyde (MDA), as well as genetic polymorphism IL-4v.C589T (rs2243250) in men with infertility (n = 76). A healthy normozoospermic control (n = 87) was also used. We assessed the impact of negative changes driven by oxidative stress on enzymatic antioxidative mechanisms as well as the role of MDA in the overall process. On this basis, we infer connections between disturbances in enzymatic antioxidative defense and reproductive potential. Based on a molecular analysis of the polymorphism of gene IL-4v.C589T (rs2243250) (chromosome 5) (PCR-RFLP), we considered the relationships among particular genotypes with the possibility of occurrence of male infertility. Concentrations of chemical elements were measured in the blood. The activity of antioxidants and MDA levels were measured in serum. In the infertile group, higher GPx activity was noted (6.56 nmoL·min-1·mL-1, control: 4.31 nmoL·min-1·mL-1; p = 0.004), while GR achieved a greater level in the control (17.74 nmoL·min-1·mL-1, infertile: 15.97 nmoL·min-1·mL-1, p = 0.043), which implies diversified efficiency of the first and second lines of defense. The polymorphism of IL-4v.C589T (rs2243250) was not directly connected with infertility because there were not any differences in the frequency of genotypes between the infertile and control group (p = 0.578). An analysis of genotypes CC and TT (polymorphism IL-4v.C589T (rs2243250)) indicated numerous correlations between antioxidants, chemical elements and MDA. Therefore, chemical economy, antioxidative defense and genetic conditions are connected and jointly shape male reproductive potential. Chemical elements influence antioxidative defense and male fertility; the most important modulators appeared to be Na, Ba, Al and B. The polymorphism of gene IL-4v.C589T (rs2243250) has a limited influence on antioxidative defense and the metabolism of chemical elements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jędrzej Baszyński
- Department of Ecology and Environmental Protection, Department of Medical Biology and Biochemistry, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, M. Skłodowska-Curie St. 9, PL 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland; (J.B.); (E.S.); (K.H.-B.); (S.B.); (M.L.)
| | - Piotr Kamiński
- Department of Ecology and Environmental Protection, Department of Medical Biology and Biochemistry, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, M. Skłodowska-Curie St. 9, PL 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland; (J.B.); (E.S.); (K.H.-B.); (S.B.); (M.L.)
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Zielona Góra, Prof. Z. Szafran St. 1, PL 65-516 Zielona Góra, Poland
| | - Maria Bogdzińska
- Department of Genetics and Animal Breeding, Faculty of Animal Breeding and Biology, UTP University of Science and Technology in Bydgoszcz, Hetmańska St. 33, PL 85-039 Bydgoszcz, Poland; (M.B.); (S.M.)
| | - Sławomir Mroczkowski
- Department of Genetics and Animal Breeding, Faculty of Animal Breeding and Biology, UTP University of Science and Technology in Bydgoszcz, Hetmańska St. 33, PL 85-039 Bydgoszcz, Poland; (M.B.); (S.M.)
| | - Marek Szymański
- Department of Obstetrics, Female Pathology and Oncological Gynecology, University Hospital No. 2, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Ujejski St. 75, PL 85-168 Bydgoszcz, Poland;
- NZOZ Medical Center Co., Waleniowa St. 24, PL 85-435 Bydgoszcz, Poland;
| | - Karolina Wasilow
- NZOZ Medical Center Co., Waleniowa St. 24, PL 85-435 Bydgoszcz, Poland;
- Family Medicine Clinic, University Hospital No. 2, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Ujejski St. 75, PL 85-168 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Emilia Stanek
- Department of Ecology and Environmental Protection, Department of Medical Biology and Biochemistry, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, M. Skłodowska-Curie St. 9, PL 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland; (J.B.); (E.S.); (K.H.-B.); (S.B.); (M.L.)
| | - Karolina Hołderna-Bona
- Department of Ecology and Environmental Protection, Department of Medical Biology and Biochemistry, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, M. Skłodowska-Curie St. 9, PL 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland; (J.B.); (E.S.); (K.H.-B.); (S.B.); (M.L.)
| | - Sylwia Brodzka
- Department of Ecology and Environmental Protection, Department of Medical Biology and Biochemistry, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, M. Skłodowska-Curie St. 9, PL 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland; (J.B.); (E.S.); (K.H.-B.); (S.B.); (M.L.)
| | - Rafał Bilski
- Department of Medical Biology and Biochemistry, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, M. Karłowicz St. 24, PL 85-092 Bydgoszcz, Poland; (R.B.); or (A.W.)
| | - Halyna Tkachenko
- Department of Biology, Institute of Biology and Earth Sciences, Pomeranian University in Słupsk, K. Arciszewski St. 22 B, PL 76-200 Słupsk, Poland; (H.T.); (N.K.)
| | - Natalia Kurhaluk
- Department of Biology, Institute of Biology and Earth Sciences, Pomeranian University in Słupsk, K. Arciszewski St. 22 B, PL 76-200 Słupsk, Poland; (H.T.); (N.K.)
| | - Tomasz Stuczyński
- Department of Soil Structure, Institute of Soil and Plant Cultivation-Government Scientific Institute, Czartoryskich St. 8, PL 24-100 Puławy, Poland; or
- Faculty of Mathematics Informatics and Landscape Architecture, The John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin, Konstantynów 1 H, PL 20-708 Lublin, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Lorek
- Department of Ecology and Environmental Protection, Department of Medical Biology and Biochemistry, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, M. Skłodowska-Curie St. 9, PL 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland; (J.B.); (E.S.); (K.H.-B.); (S.B.); (M.L.)
| | - Alina Woźniak
- Department of Medical Biology and Biochemistry, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, M. Karłowicz St. 24, PL 85-092 Bydgoszcz, Poland; (R.B.); or (A.W.)
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Meng X, Yao Y, Ma Y, Zhong N, Alphonse S, Pei J. Effect of fluoride in drinking water on the level of 5-methylcytosine in human and rat blood. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2021; 81:103511. [PMID: 33035703 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2020.103511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Revised: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
DNA methylation is an epigenetic modification of genome that is involved in many human diseases. Recent studies revealed DNA methylation may be associated with fluorosis. This study was aimed to evaluate the dose-response effect of fluoride on DNA methylation in human and rat blood. A commercial ELISA kit was employed to evaluate 5-methylcytosine (5-mC) level of genome in human and rat blood. A total of 281 subjects were enrolled in this study and divided into four equal-size groups by the quartile of fluoride in drinking water. The difference of 5-mC among the four groups was significant. The U-shaped relationship was found between fluoride and 5-mC in the population. The U-shaped curve was also observed in the rats with three months of fluoride treatments. Taken together, these results clue the disruption of DNA methylation in mammals may has a certain association with fluoride in natural exposures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyue Meng
- Key Lab of Etiology and Epidemiology, Education Bureau of Heilongjiang Province & Ministry of Health (23618504), Center for Endemic Disease Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Yingjie Yao
- Key Lab of Etiology and Epidemiology, Education Bureau of Heilongjiang Province & Ministry of Health (23618504), Center for Endemic Disease Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Yongzheng Ma
- Key Lab of Etiology and Epidemiology, Education Bureau of Heilongjiang Province & Ministry of Health (23618504), Center for Endemic Disease Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Nan Zhong
- Key Lab of Etiology and Epidemiology, Education Bureau of Heilongjiang Province & Ministry of Health (23618504), Center for Endemic Disease Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Sowanou Alphonse
- Key Lab of Etiology and Epidemiology, Education Bureau of Heilongjiang Province & Ministry of Health (23618504), Center for Endemic Disease Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Junrui Pei
- Key Lab of Etiology and Epidemiology, Education Bureau of Heilongjiang Province & Ministry of Health (23618504), Center for Endemic Disease Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, Heilongjiang Province, China.
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Liu S, Li B, Xu J, Hu S, Zhan N, Wang H, Gao C, Li J, Xu X. SOD1 Promotes Cell Proliferation and Metastasis in Non-small Cell Lung Cancer via an miR-409-3p/SOD1/SETDB1 Epigenetic Regulatory Feedforward Loop. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:213. [PMID: 32391354 PMCID: PMC7190798 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Superoxide dismutase 1(SOD1) is a major antioxidant with oncogenic effects in many human cancers. Although SOD1 is overexpressed in various cancers, the clinical significance and functions of SOD1 in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), particularly the epigenetic regulation of SOD1 in NSCLC carcinogenesis and progression have been less well investigated. In this study, we found that SOD1 expression was upregulated in NSCLC cell lines and tissues. Further, elevated SOD1 expression could promote NSCLC cell proliferation, invasion and migration. While inhibition of SOD1 expression induced NSCLC G1-phase cell cycle arrest and promoted apoptosis. In addition, miR-409-3p could repress SOD1 expression and significantly counteract its oncogenic activities. Bioinformatics analysis indicated that SET domain bifurcated histone lysine methyltransferase1 (SETDB1) was involved in the epigenetic regulation of miR-409-3p and SOD1 expression and functions in NSCLC cells. Identification of this miR-409-3p/SOD1/SETDB1 epigenetic regulatory feedforward loop may provide new insights into further understanding of NSCLC tumorigenesis and progression. Additionally, our results incicate that SOD1 may be a potential new therapeutic target for NSCLC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shilong Liu
- Department of Thoracic Radiation Oncology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Bin Li
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Nanfang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianyu Xu
- Department of Thoracic Radiation Oncology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Songliu Hu
- Department of Thoracic Radiation Oncology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Ning Zhan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Hong Wang
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Chunzi Gao
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Jian Li
- Department of Thoracic Radiation Oncology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Xiangying Xu
- Department of Thoracic Radiation Oncology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,Department of Radiation Oncology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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Giorgio M, Dellino GI, Gambino V, Roda N, Pelicci PG. On the epigenetic role of guanosine oxidation. Redox Biol 2020; 29:101398. [PMID: 31926624 PMCID: PMC6926346 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2019.101398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2019] [Revised: 11/23/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Chemical modifications of DNA and RNA regulate genome functions or trigger mutagenesis resulting in aging or cancer. Oxidations of macromolecules, including DNA, are common reactions in biological systems and often part of regulatory circuits rather than accidental events. DNA alterations are particularly relevant since the unique role of nuclear and mitochondrial genome is coding enduring and inheritable information. Therefore, an alteration in DNA may represent a relevant problem given its transmission to daughter cells. At the same time, the regulation of gene expression allows cells to continuously adapt to the environmental changes that occur throughout the life of the organism to ultimately maintain cellular homeostasis. Here we review the multiple ways that lead to DNA oxidation and the regulation of mechanisms activated by cells to repair this damage. Moreover, we present the recent evidence suggesting that DNA damage caused by physiological metabolism acts as epigenetic signal for regulation of gene expression. In particular, the predisposition of guanine to oxidation might reflect an adaptation to improve the genome plasticity to redox changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Giorgio
- Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology-IRCCS, Via Adamello 16, 20139, Milano, Italy; Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Via Ugo Bassi 58/B, 35131, Padova, Italy.
| | - Gaetano Ivan Dellino
- Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology-IRCCS, Via Adamello 16, 20139, Milano, Italy; Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Valentina Gambino
- Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology-IRCCS, Via Adamello 16, 20139, Milano, Italy
| | - Niccolo' Roda
- Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology-IRCCS, Via Adamello 16, 20139, Milano, Italy
| | - Pier Giuseppe Pelicci
- Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology-IRCCS, Via Adamello 16, 20139, Milano, Italy; Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
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Item C, Schanzer A, Metz T, Greber-Platzer S, Lischka J. Demethylation of the hypoxia induction factor 1 binding site of GPX3 at excess blood ammonia in propionic acidemia. Clin Biochem 2019; 66:100-102. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2019.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2018] [Revised: 01/14/2019] [Accepted: 02/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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12
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Darbandi M, Darbandi S, Agarwal A, Baskaran S, Dutta S, Sengupta P, Khorram Khorshid HR, Esteves S, Gilany K, Hedayati M, Nobakht F, Akhondi MM, Lakpour N, Sadeghi MR. Reactive oxygen species-induced alterations in H19-Igf2 methylation patterns, seminal plasma metabolites, and semen quality. J Assist Reprod Genet 2019; 36:241-253. [PMID: 30382470 PMCID: PMC6420547 DOI: 10.1007/s10815-018-1350-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2018] [Accepted: 10/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE This study was conducted in order to investigate the effects of reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels on the seminal plasma (SP) metabolite milieu and sperm dysfunction. METHODS Semen specimens of 151 normozoospermic men were analyzed for ROS by chemiluminescence and classified according to seminal ROS levels [in relative light units (RLU)/s/106 sperm]: group 1 (n = 39): low (ROS < 20), group 2 (n = 38): mild (20 ≤ ROS < 40), group 3 (n = 31): moderate (40 ≤ ROS < 60), and group 4 (n = 43): high (ROS ≥ 60). A comprehensive analysis of SP and semen parameters, including conventional semen characteristics, measurement of total antioxidant capacity (TAC), sperm DNA fragmentation index (DFI), chromatin maturation index (CMI), H19-Igf2 methylation status, and untargeted seminal metabolic profiling using nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-NMR), was carried out. RESULT(S) The methylation status of H19 and Igf2 was significantly different in specimens with high ROS (P < 0.005). Metabolic fingerprinting of these SP samples showed upregulation of trimethylamine N-oxide (P < 0.001) and downregulations of tryptophan (P < 0.05) and tyrosine/tyrosol (P < 0.01). High ROS significantly reduced total sperm motility (P < 0.05), sperm concentration (P < 0.001), and seminal TAC (P < 0.001) but increased CMI and DFI (P < 0.005). ROS levels have a positive correlation with Igf2 methylation (r = 0.19, P < 0.05), DFI (r = 0.40, P < 0.001), CMI (r = 0.39, P < 0.001), and trimethylamine N-oxide (r = 0.45, P < 0.05) and a negative correlation with H19 methylation (r = - 0.20, P < 0.05), tryptophan (r = - 0.45, P < 0.05), sperm motility (r = - 0.20, P < 0.05), sperm viability (r = - 0.23, P < 0.01), and sperm concentration (r = - 0.30, P < 0.001). CONCLUSION(S) Results showed significant correlation between ROS levels and H19-Igf2 gene methylation as well as semen parameters. These findings are critical to identify idiopathic male infertility and its management through assisted reproduction technology (ART).
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahsa Darbandi
- Department of Embryology and Andrology, Reproductive Biotechnology Research Center, Avicenna Research Institute, ACECR, Tehran, 1936773493, Iran
| | - Sara Darbandi
- Department of Embryology and Andrology, Reproductive Biotechnology Research Center, Avicenna Research Institute, ACECR, Tehran, 1936773493, Iran
| | - Ashok Agarwal
- American Center for Reproductive Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
| | - Saradha Baskaran
- American Center for Reproductive Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
| | - Sulagna Dutta
- Faculty of Dentistry, MAHSA University, 42610, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Pallav Sengupta
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, MAHSA University, 42610, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Hamid Reza Khorram Khorshid
- Genetics Research Center, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, 1985713834, Iran
| | - Sandro Esteves
- ANDROFERT, Andrology and Human Reproduction Clinic, Campinas, 13075-460, Brazil
| | - Kambiz Gilany
- Department of Embryology and Andrology, Reproductive Biotechnology Research Center, Avicenna Research Institute, ACECR, Tehran, 1936773493, Iran
| | - Mehdi Hedayati
- Molecular Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University for Medical Sciences, Tehran, 1985717413, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Nobakht
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences, Nishabur, 9314634814, Iran
| | - Mohammad Mehdi Akhondi
- Monoclonal Antibody Research Center, Avicenna Research Institute (ARI), ACECR, Shahid Beheshti University, Evin, Tehran, 1936773493, Iran
| | - Niknam Lakpour
- Department of Embryology and Andrology, Reproductive Biotechnology Research Center, Avicenna Research Institute, ACECR, Tehran, 1936773493, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Sadeghi
- Monoclonal Antibody Research Center, Avicenna Research Institute (ARI), ACECR, Shahid Beheshti University, Evin, Tehran, 1936773493, Iran.
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Joseph DB, Strand DW, Vezina CM. DNA methylation in development and disease: an overview for prostate researchers. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL UROLOGY 2018; 6:197-218. [PMID: 30697577 PMCID: PMC6334199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2018] [Accepted: 12/14/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Epigenetic mechanisms including DNA methylation are critical regulators of organismal development and tissue homeostasis. DNA methylation is the transfer of methyl groups to cytosines, which adds an additional layer of complexity to the genome. DNA methylation marks are recognized by the cellular machinery to regulate transcription. Disruption of DNA methylation with aging or exposure to environmental toxins can change susceptibility to disease or trigger processes that lead to disease. In this review, we provide an overview of the DNA methylation machinery. More specifically, we describe DNA methylation in the context of prostate development, prostate cancer, and benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) as well as the impact of dietary and environmental factors on DNA methylation in the prostate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diya B Joseph
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Wisconsin-MadisonMadison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Douglas W Strand
- Department of Urology, UT Southwestern Medical CenterDallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Chad M Vezina
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Wisconsin-MadisonMadison, WI 53706, USA
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Guo J, Nguyen HT, Ito S, Yamamoto K, Kanerva M, Iwata H. In ovo exposure to triclosan alters the hepatic proteome in chicken embryos. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2018; 165:495-504. [PMID: 30219713 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2018.09.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2018] [Revised: 09/06/2018] [Accepted: 09/08/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The occurrence of triclosan (TCS) in the eggs of wild avian species is an emerging concern. We previously evaluated the effects of in ovo exposure to TCS on the liver transcriptome of chicken embryos and proposed adverse outcome pathways (AOPs). However, the key molecular events identified to be affected need to be verified at the protein level. Herein, we investigated the changes in the spectrum of hepatic proteins in TCS-treated chicken embryos by proteomic analysis to validate the key signaling pathways involved in the AOPs. We identified and quantified 894 unique proteins using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight/time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry. In the 0.1 (low dose), 1 (median dose), and 10 μg triclosan/g egg (high dose) groups, TCS caused significant changes in the levels of 195, 233, and 233 proteins in males and 237, 188, and 156 proteins in females, respectively (fold changes > 1.3 or < 0.7). TCS exposure modulated the expression of proteins, predominantly involved in signaling pathways of lipid and energy metabolism in both genders. Among the proteins associated with TCS metabolism in the liver, phase I (e.g., CYP2C23a) and phase II (e.g., UGT1A1) enzymes mediated by chicken xenobiotic receptor, were only induced in males. In consonance with the malondialdehyde levels, which were increased upon TCS exposure in females in a dose-dependent manner, a battery of antioxidant enzymes, notably SOD2, GST, GSTz1, and PRDX1, was decreased and SOD1 and GSTK1 were increased in the embryos. Taken together, this proteome analysis complements the transcriptome profiling reported in our previous study and authenticates the AOPs proposed for chicken embryos in ovo exposed to TCS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahua Guo
- Center for Marine Environmental Studies, Ehime University, Bunkyo-cho 2-5, Matsuyama 790-8577, Ehime prefecture, Japan
| | - Hoa Thanh Nguyen
- Center for Marine Environmental Studies, Ehime University, Bunkyo-cho 2-5, Matsuyama 790-8577, Ehime prefecture, Japan
| | - Shohei Ito
- Center for Marine Environmental Studies, Ehime University, Bunkyo-cho 2-5, Matsuyama 790-8577, Ehime prefecture, Japan
| | - Kimika Yamamoto
- Center for Marine Environmental Studies, Ehime University, Bunkyo-cho 2-5, Matsuyama 790-8577, Ehime prefecture, Japan
| | - Mirella Kanerva
- Center for Marine Environmental Studies, Ehime University, Bunkyo-cho 2-5, Matsuyama 790-8577, Ehime prefecture, Japan
| | - Hisato Iwata
- Center for Marine Environmental Studies, Ehime University, Bunkyo-cho 2-5, Matsuyama 790-8577, Ehime prefecture, Japan.
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15
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Yui K, Tanuma N, Yamada H, Kawasaki Y. Reduced endogenous urinary total antioxidant power and its relation of plasma antioxidant activity of superoxide dismutase in individuals with autism spectrum disorder. Int J Dev Neurosci 2016; 60:70-77. [PMID: 27554135 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijdevneu.2016.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2016] [Revised: 07/12/2016] [Accepted: 08/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Individuals with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) have impaired detoxification capacity. Investigating the neurobiological bases of impaired antioxidant capacity is thus a research priority in the pathophysiology of ASD. We measured the urinary levels of hexanoyl-lysine (HEL) which is a new oxidative stress biomarker, total antioxidant power (TAP) and DNA methylation biomarker 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), and the plasma levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD), which is a major antioxidant enzyme. We examined whether the urinary levels of these enzymes and biomarkers may be related to symptoms of social impairment in 20 individuals with ASD (meanage,11.1±5.2years) and 12 age- and gender-matched healthy controls (meanage,14.3±6.2years). Symptoms of social impairment were assessed using the Social Responsiveness Scale (SRS). The dietary TAP of the fruit juice, chocolate, cookies, biscuits, jam and marmalade were significantly higher in the ASD group than in the control group, although the intake of nutrients was not significantly different between the groups. The urinary TAP levels were significantly lower in the ASD group than in the control group. There were no significantly differences in urinary HEL and 8-OHdG levels between the ASD and control groups. The SRS scores were significantly higher in the ASD group than in the control group. Stepwise regression analysis revealed that urinary TAP levels and plasma SOD levels can differences in the biomarkers and the SRS scores between the ASD group and the control group. The endogenous antioxidant capacity may be deficient without altered urinary HEL and 8-OHdG levels in individuals with ASD. The plasma SOD levels may be related to reduced endogenous antioxidant capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunio Yui
- Department of Pediatrics, Dokkyo Medical University, 880 Kitakobayashi, Mibu 321-0293, Tochigi, Japan; Department of Drug Evaluation and Informatics, School of Pharmaceutical Science, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan.
| | - Nasoyuki Tanuma
- Department of Pediatrics, Tokyo Metropolitan Fuchu Medical Center for the Disabled, Tokyo 183-8553, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Yamada
- Department of Drug Evaluation and Informatics, School of Pharmaceutical Science, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan
| | - Yohei Kawasaki
- Department of Drug Evaluation and Informatics, School of Pharmaceutical Science, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan
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Lardenoije R, van den Hove DL, Vaessen TS, Iatrou A, Meuwissen KP, van Hagen BT, Kenis G, Steinbusch HW, Schmitz C, Rutten BP. Epigenetic modifications in mouse cerebellar Purkinje cells: effects of aging, caloric restriction, and overexpression of superoxide dismutase 1 on 5-methylcytosine and 5-hydroxymethylcytosine. Neurobiol Aging 2015; 36:3079-3089. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2015.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2015] [Revised: 07/28/2015] [Accepted: 08/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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17
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Kloypan C, Srisa-art M, Mutirangura A, Boonla C. LINE-1 hypomethylation induced by reactive oxygen species is mediated via depletion of S-adenosylmethionine. Cell Biochem Funct 2015; 33:375-85. [PMID: 26178977 DOI: 10.1002/cbf.3124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2015] [Revised: 05/27/2015] [Accepted: 06/08/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Whether long interspersed nuclear element-1 (LINE-1) hypomethylation induced by reactive oxygen species (ROS) was mediated through the depletion of S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) was investigated. Bladder cancer (UM-UC-3 and TCCSUP) and human kidney (HK-2) cell lines were exposed to 20 μM H2O2 for 72 h to induce oxidative stress. Level of LINE-1 methylation, SAM and homocysteine (Hcy) was measured in the H2O2 -exposed cells. Effects of α-tocopheryl acetate (TA), N-acetylcysteine (NAC), methionine, SAM and folic acid on oxidative stress and LINE-1 methylation in the H2O2 -treated cells were explored. Viabilities of cells treated with H2O2 were not significantly changed. Intracellular ROS production and protein carbonyl content were significantly increased, but LINE-1 methylation was significantly decreased in the H2O2 -treated cells. LINE-1 methylation was restored by TA, NAC, methionine, SAM and folic acid. SAM level in H2O2 -treated cells was significantly decreased, while total glutathione was significantly increased. SAM level in H2O2 -treated cells was restored by NAC, methionine, SAM and folic acid; while, total glutathione level was normalized by TA and NAC. Hcy was significantly decreased in the H2O2 -treated cells and subsequently restored by NAC. In conclusion, in bladder cancer and normal kidney cells exposed to H2O2 , SAM and Hcy were decreased, but total glutathione was increased. Treatments with antioxidants (TA and NAC) and one-carbon metabolites (SAM, methionine and folic acid) restored these changes. This pioneer finding suggests that exposure of cells to ROS activates glutathione synthesis via the transsulfuration pathway leading to deficiency of Hcy, which consequently causes SAM depletion and eventual hypomethylation of LINE-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiraphat Kloypan
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Monpicha Srisa-art
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Apiwat Mutirangura
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Chanchai Boonla
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
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18
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Yang J, Bai WL, Chen YJ, Gao A. 1,4-benzoquinone-induced STAT-3 hypomethylation in AHH-1 cells: Role of oxidative stress. Toxicol Rep 2015; 2:864-869. [PMID: 28962422 PMCID: PMC5598509 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2015.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2015] [Revised: 05/13/2015] [Accepted: 05/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Benzene, a known occupational and environmental contaminant, is associated with increased risk of leukemia. The objectives of this study were to elucidate the regulatory mechanism of the hypomethylated STAT3 involved in benzene toxicity in vitro. As 1,4-benzoquinone (1,4-BQ) is one of benzene’s major toxic metabolites, AHH-1 cells were treated by 1,4-BQ for 24 h with or without pretreatment of the antioxidant a-LA or the methyltransferase inhibitor, 5-aza-2′ deoxycytidine (5-aza). The cell viability was investigated using the 3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. ROS was determined via 2′,7′-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate (DCFDA) flow cytometric assays. The level of oxidative stress marker 8-OHdG was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Methylation-specific PCR was used to detect the methylation status of STAT3. Results indicated the significantly increasing expression of ROS and 8-OHdG which accompanied with STAT3 hypomethylation in 1,4-BQ-treated AHH-1 cells. α-LA suppressed the expression of both ROS and 8-OHdG, simultaneously reversed 1,4-BQ-induced STAT3 hypomethylation. However, although the methylation inhibitor, 5-aza reduced the expression level of ROS and 8-OHdG, but had no obvious inhibiting effect on STAT3 methylation level. Taken together, oxidative stress are involved 1,4-BQ-induced STAT3 methylation expression.
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Key Words
- 1,4-BQ, 1,4-benzoquinone
- 1,4-benzoquinone
- 5-aza, 5-aza-2′ deoxycytidine
- 8-OHdG, 8-hydroxy deoxyguanosine adduct
- DCFH-DA, 2,7-dichlorofluorescein diacetate
- DMSO, dimethylsulfoxide
- DNMT, DNA methyltransferase
- ELISA, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay
- MSP, methylation-specific PCR
- Methylation
- Oxidative stress
- PBS, phosphate buffered saline
- ROS, reactive oxygen species
- STAT3
- α-LA, alpha lipoic acid
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Yang
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Wen-lin Bai
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Yu-jiao Chen
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Ai Gao
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
- Corresponding author at: Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China. Tel.: +86 10 83911509.
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Afanas'ev I. Mechanisms of superoxide signaling in epigenetic processes: relation to aging and cancer. Aging Dis 2015; 6:216-27. [PMID: 26029480 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2014.0924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2014] [Accepted: 09/24/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Superoxide is a precursor of many free radicals and reactive oxygen species (ROS) in biological systems. It has been shown that superoxide regulates major epigenetic processes of DNA methylation, histone methylation, and histone acetylation. We suggested that superoxide, being a radical anion and a strong nucleophile, could participate in DNA methylation and histone methylation and acetylation through mechanism of nucleophilic substitution and free radical abstraction. In nucleophilic reactions superoxide is able to neutralize positive charges of methyl donors S-adenosyl-L-methionine (SAM) and acetyl-coenzyme A (AcCoA) enhancing their nucleophilic capacity or to deprotonate cytosine. In the reversed free radical reactions of demethylation and deacetylation superoxide is formed catalytically by the (Tet) family of dioxygenates and converted into the iron form of hydroxyl radical with subsequent oxidation and final eradication of methyl substituents. Double role of superoxide in these epigenetic processes might be of importance for understanding of ROS effects under physiological and pathological conditions including cancer and aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor Afanas'ev
- Vitamin Research Institute, Moscow, Russia, Porto, Portugal
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Kanherkar RR, Bhatia-Dey N, Csoka AB. Epigenetics across the human lifespan. Front Cell Dev Biol 2014; 2:49. [PMID: 25364756 PMCID: PMC4207041 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2014.00049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 209] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2014] [Accepted: 08/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Epigenetics has the potential to explain various biological phenomena that have heretofore defied complete explication. This review describes the various types of endogenous human developmental milestones such as birth, puberty, and menopause, as well as the diverse exogenous environmental factors that influence human health, in a chronological epigenetic context. We describe the entire course of human life from periconception to death and chronologically note all of the potential internal timepoints and external factors that influence the human epigenome. Ultimately, the environment presents these various factors to the individual that influence the epigenome, and the unique epigenetic and genetic profile of each individual also modulates the specific response to these factors. During the course of human life, we are exposed to an environment that abounds with a potent and dynamic milieu capable of triggering chemical changes that activate or silence genes. There is constant interaction between the external and internal environments that is required for normal development and health maintenance as well as for influencing disease load and resistance. For example, exposure to pharmaceutical and toxic chemicals, diet, stress, exercise, and other environmental factors are capable of eliciting positive or negative epigenetic modifications with lasting effects on development, metabolism and health. These can impact the body so profoundly as to permanently alter the epigenetic profile of an individual. We also present a comprehensive new hypothesis of how these diverse environmental factors cause both direct and indirect epigenetic changes and how this knowledge can ultimately be used to improve personalized medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riya R Kanherkar
- Epigenetics Laboratory, Department of Anatomy, Howard University Washington, DC, USA
| | - Naina Bhatia-Dey
- Epigenetics Laboratory, Department of Anatomy, Howard University Washington, DC, USA
| | - Antonei B Csoka
- Epigenetics Laboratory, Department of Anatomy, Howard University Washington, DC, USA
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Decreased global methylation in patients with bipolar disorder who respond to lithium. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol 2014; 17:561-9. [PMID: 24345589 DOI: 10.1017/s1461145713001569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, and alterations in DNA methylation, are all associated with the pathophysiology of bipolar disorder (BD). We therefore studied the relationship between oxidative stress and DNA methylation in patients with BD with an excellent response to lithium treatment, their affected and unaffected relatives and healthy controls. Transformed lymphoblasts were cultured in the presence or absence of lithium chloride (0.75 mM). DNA and proteins were extracted from the cells to determine levels of 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), 5-methylcytosine (5-mc), mitochondrial complex I and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activities. Methylation was decreased in BD subjects and their relatives compared to controls and remained so after lithium treatment in BD subjects but not in their relatives. 8-OHdG levels and complex I activity did not differ between groups before and after lithium treatment. Finally, relatives of patients showed increased GPx activity before and after lithium treatment, which negatively correlated with 5-mc levels. Changes in global methylation may be specific for BD and lithium may be involved in glutathione regulation. The present study supports the importance of DNA methylation to the pathophysiology of BD and the therapeutic potential of antioxidants in this illness.
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Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Cancer is the second leading cause of death in the United States. Considering the quality of life and treatment cost, the best way to fight against cancer is to prevent or suppress cancer development. Cancer is preventable as indicated by human papilloma virus (HPV) vaccination and tamoxifen/raloxifen treatment in breast cancer prevention. The activities of superoxide dismutases (SODs) are often lowered during early cancer development, making it a rational candidate for cancer prevention. RECENT ADVANCES SOD liposome and mimetics have been shown to be effective in cancer prevention animal models. They've also passed safety tests during early phase clinical trials. Dietary supplement-based SOD cancer prevention provides another opportunity for antioxidant-based cancer prevention. New mechanistic studies have revealed that SOD inhibits not only oncogenic activity, but also subsequent metabolic shifts during early tumorigenesis. CRITICAL ISSUES Lack of sufficient animal model studies targeting specific cancers; and lack of clinical trials and support from pharmaceutical industries also hamper efforts in further advancing SOD-based cancer prevention. FUTURE DIRECTIONS To educate and obtain support from our society that cancer is preventable. To combine SOD-based therapeutics with other cancer preventive agents to obtain synergistic effects. To formulate a dietary supplementation-based antioxidant approach for cancer prevention. Lastly, targeting specific populations who are prone to carcinogens, which can trigger oxidative stress as the mechanism of carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Delira Robbins
- 1 Department of Chemical Biology and Therapeutics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital , Memphis, Tennessee
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A novel pathway links oxidative stress to loss of insulin growth factor-2 (IGF2) imprinting through NF-κB activation. PLoS One 2014; 9:e88052. [PMID: 24558376 PMCID: PMC3928145 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0088052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2013] [Accepted: 01/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Genomic imprinting is the allele-specific expression of a gene based on parental origin. Loss of imprinting(LOI) of Insulin-like Growth Factor 2 (IGF2) during aging is important in tumorigenesis, yet the regulatory mechanisms driving this event are largely unknown. In this study oxidative stress, measured by increased NF-κB activity, induces LOI in both cancerous and noncancerous human prostate cells. Decreased expression of the enhancer-blocking element CCCTC-binding factor(CTCF) results in reduced binding of CTCF to the H19-ICR (imprint control region), a major factor in the allelic silencing of IGF2. This ICR then develops increased DNA methylation. Assays identify a recruitment of the canonical pathway proteins NF-κB p65 and p50 to the CTCF promoter associated with the co-repressor HDAC1 explaining gene repression. An IκBα super-repressor blocks oxidative stress-induced activation of NF-κB and IGF2 imprinting is maintained. In vivo experiments using IκBα mutant mice with continuous NF-κB activation demonstrate increased IGF2 LOI further confirming a central role for canonical NF-κB signaling. We conclude CTCF plays a central role in mediating the effects of NF-κB activation that result in altered imprinting both in vitro and in vivo. This novel finding connects inflammation found in aging prostate tissues with the altered epigenetic landscape.
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Damaschke NA, Yang B, Bhusari S, Svaren JP, Jarrard D. Epigenetic susceptibility factors for prostate cancer with aging. Prostate 2013; 73:1721-30. [PMID: 23999928 PMCID: PMC4237278 DOI: 10.1002/pros.22716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2013] [Accepted: 07/06/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Increasing age is a significant risk factor for prostate cancer. The prostate is exposed to environmental and endogenous stress that may underlie this remarkable incidence. DNA methylation, genomic imprinting, and histone modifications are examples of epigenetic factors known to undergo change in the aging and cancerous prostate. In this review we examine the data linking epigenetic alterations in the prostate with aging to cancer development. METHODS An online search of current and past peer reviewed literature on epigenetic changes with cancer and aging was performed. Relevant articles were analyzed. RESULTS Epigenetic changes are responsible for modifying expression of oncogenes and tumor suppressors. Several of these changes may represent a field defect that predisposes to cancer development. Focal hypermethylation occurs at CpG islands in the promoters of certain genes including GSTP1, RARβ2, and RASSF1A with both age and cancer, while global hypomethylation is seen in prostate cancer and known to occur in the colon and other organs. A loss of genomic imprinting is responsible for biallelic expression of the well-known Insulin-like Growth Factor 2 (IGF2) gene. Loss of imprinting (LOI) at IGF2 has been documented in cancer and is also known to occur in benign aging prostate tissue marking the presence of cancer. Histone modifications have the ability to dictate chromatin structure and direct gene expression. CONCLUSIONS Epigenetic changes with aging represent molecular mechanisms to explain the increased susceptibly of the prostate to develop cancer in older men. These changes may provide an opportunity for diagnostic and chemopreventive strategies given the epigenome can be modified.
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Affiliation(s)
- N. A. Damaschke
- Department of Urology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - B. Yang
- Department of Urology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - S. Bhusari
- Department of Urology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - J. P. Svaren
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, 53972
- University of Wisconsin Carbone Comprehensive Cancer Center, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - D.F. Jarrard
- Department of Urology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin
- University of Wisconsin Carbone Comprehensive Cancer Center, Madison, Wisconsin
- Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin
- Correspondence to: D.F. Jarrard, MD, 7037 Wisconsin Institutes of Medical Research, 1111 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI 53792.
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Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a major cause of cancer death, and its development is influenced by the status of inflammation and oxidative stress in the liver. Although oxidative stress might induce genetic changes and play a role in HCC development, many epigenetic alterations have also been reported in this type of tumor, suggesting the importance of epigenetic instability in hepatocarcinogenesis. Epigenetic instability results in 2 types of DNA alterations: hypermethylation of the promoter of tumor suppressor genes (TSGs), and hypomethylation of nonpromoter CpG, such as repetitive elements and satellite DNA. The former causes transcriptional inactivation of TSGs, while the latter reportedly induces chromosomal instability and an abnormal activation of oncogenes as well as mobile genetic elements. Oxidative stress could induce epigenetic instability and inactivate TSGs through the recruitment of the polycomb repressive complex to the promoter sequence carrying DNA damage induced by oxidation. Inflammatory cytokines from immune cells also reportedly induce expression of several histone and DNA modulators. On the other hand, DNA oxidation could lead to activation of DNA repair pathways and affect the binding of methyl cytosine-binding protein to DNA, which could cause DNA hypomethylation. The decrease of the level of methyl group donors also contributes to the alteration in the methylation status. These mechanisms should act in concert and induce epigenetic instability, leading to HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoshi Nishida
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kinki University School of Medicine, Osakasayama, Japan
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Saccon RA, Bunton-Stasyshyn RKA, Fisher EMC, Fratta P. Is SOD1 loss of function involved in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis? ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 136:2342-58. [PMID: 23687121 PMCID: PMC3722346 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awt097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 209] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Mutations in the gene superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1) are causative for familial forms of the neurodegenerative disease amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. When the first SOD1 mutations were identified they were postulated to give rise to amyotrophic lateral sclerosis through a loss of function mechanism, but experimental data soon showed that the disease arises from a—still unknown—toxic gain of function, and the possibility that loss of function plays a role in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis pathogenesis was abandoned. Although loss of function is not causative for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, here we re-examine two decades of evidence regarding whether loss of function may play a modifying role in SOD1–amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. From analysing published data from patients with SOD1–amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, we find a marked loss of SOD1 enzyme activity arising from almost all mutations. We continue to examine functional data from all Sod1 knockout mice and we find obvious detrimental effects within the nervous system with, interestingly, some specificity for the motor system. Here, we bring together historical and recent experimental findings to conclude that there is a possibility that SOD1 loss of function may play a modifying role in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. This likelihood has implications for some current therapies aimed at knocking down the level of mutant protein in patients with SOD1–amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Finally, the wide-ranging phenotypes that result from loss of function indicate that SOD1 gene sequences should be screened in diseases other than amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachele A Saccon
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, Institute of Neurology, University College, London WC1N 3BG, UK
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Radak Z, Zhao Z, Koltai E, Ohno H, Atalay M. Oxygen consumption and usage during physical exercise: the balance between oxidative stress and ROS-dependent adaptive signaling. Antioxid Redox Signal 2013; 18:1208-46. [PMID: 22978553 PMCID: PMC3579386 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2011.4498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 395] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The complexity of human DNA has been affected by aerobic metabolism, including endurance exercise and oxygen toxicity. Aerobic endurance exercise could play an important role in the evolution of Homo sapiens, and oxygen was not important just for survival, but it was crucial to redox-mediated adaptation. The metabolic challenge during physical exercise results in an elevated generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) that are important modulators of muscle contraction, antioxidant protection, and oxidative damage repair, which at moderate levels generate physiological responses. Several factors of mitochondrial biogenesis, such as peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator 1α (PGC-1α), mitogen-activated protein kinase, and SIRT1, are modulated by exercise-associated changes in the redox milieu. PGC-1α activation could result in decreased oxidative challenge, either by upregulation of antioxidant enzymes and/or by an increased number of mitochondria that allows lower levels of respiratory activity for the same degree of ATP generation. Endogenous thiol antioxidants glutathione and thioredoxin are modulated with high oxygen consumption and ROS generation during physical exercise, controlling cellular function through redox-sensitive signaling and protein-protein interactions. Endurance exercise-related angiogenesis, up to a significant degree, is regulated by ROS-mediated activation of hypoxia-inducible factor 1α. Moreover, the exercise-associated ROS production could be important to DNA methylation and post-translation modifications of histone residues, which create heritable adaptive conditions based on epigenetic features of chromosomes. Accumulating data indicate that exercise with moderate intensity has systemic and complex health-promoting effects, which undoubtedly involve regulation of redox homeostasis and signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zsolt Radak
- Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Science, Institute of Sport Science, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.
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Switzeny OJ, Müllner E, Wagner KH, Brath H, Aumüller E, Haslberger AG. Vitamin and antioxidant rich diet increases MLH1 promoter DNA methylation in DMT2 subjects. Clin Epigenetics 2012; 4:19. [PMID: 23025454 PMCID: PMC3579724 DOI: 10.1186/1868-7083-4-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2012] [Accepted: 09/14/2012] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Oxidative stress may lead to an increased level of unrepaired cellular DNA damage, which is discussed as one risk for tumor initiation. Mismatch repair (MMR) enzymes act as proofreading complexes that maintain the genomic integrity and MMR-deficient cells show an increased mutation rate. One important gene in the MMR complex is the MutL homolog 1 (MLH1) gene. Since a diet rich in antioxidants has the potential to counteract harmful effects by reactive oxygen species (ROS), we investigated the impact of an antioxidant, folate, and vitamin rich diet on the epigenetic pattern of MLH1. These effects were analyzed in individuals with non-insulin depended diabetes mellitus type 2 (NIDDM2) and impaired fasting glucose (IFG). Methods In this post-hoc analysis of a randomized trial we analyzed DNA methylation of MLH1, MSH2, and MGMT at baseline and after 8 weeks of intervention, consisting of 300 g vegetables and 25 ml plant oil rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids per day. DNA methylation was quantified using combined bisulfite restriction enzyme analysis (COBRA) and pyrosequencing. MLH1 and DNMT1 mRNA expression were investigated by qRT-PCR. DNA damage was assessed by COMET assay. Student’s two-tailed paired t test and one-way ANOVA with Scheffé corrected Post hoc test was used to determine significant methylation and expression differences. Two-tailed Pearson test was used to determine correlations between methylation level, gene expression, and DNA strand break amount. Results The intervention resulted in significantly higher CpG methylation in two particular MLH1 promoter regions and the MGMT promoter. DNA strand breaks and methylation levels correlated significantly. The expression of MLH1, DNMT1, and the promoter methylation of MSH2 remained stable. CpG methylation levels and gene expression did not correlate. Conclusion This vitamin and antioxidant rich diet affected the CpG methylation of MLH1. The higher methylation might be a result of the ROS scavenging antioxidant rich diet, leading to lower activity of DNA demethylating enzymes. Our results suggest the hypothesis of CpG demethylation via DNA repair enzymes under these circumstances. NIDDM2 and IFG patients benefit from this simple dietary intervention involving epigenetic and DNA repair mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivier J Switzeny
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Vienna, Althanstraße 14, Vienna, 1090, Austria.
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Handy DE, Loscalzo J. Redox regulation of mitochondrial function. Antioxid Redox Signal 2012; 16:1323-67. [PMID: 22146081 PMCID: PMC3324814 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2011.4123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 372] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2011] [Revised: 12/06/2011] [Accepted: 12/06/2011] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Redox-dependent processes influence most cellular functions, such as differentiation, proliferation, and apoptosis. Mitochondria are at the center of these processes, as mitochondria both generate reactive oxygen species (ROS) that drive redox-sensitive events and respond to ROS-mediated changes in the cellular redox state. In this review, we examine the regulation of cellular ROS, their modes of production and removal, and the redox-sensitive targets that are modified by their flux. In particular, we focus on the actions of redox-sensitive targets that alter mitochondrial function and the role of these redox modifications on metabolism, mitochondrial biogenesis, receptor-mediated signaling, and apoptotic pathways. We also consider the role of mitochondria in modulating these pathways, and discuss how redox-dependent events may contribute to pathobiology by altering mitochondrial function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diane E Handy
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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Bai VU, Hwang O, Divine GW, Barrack ER, Menon M, Reddy GPV, Hwang C. Averaged differential expression for the discovery of biomarkers in the blood of patients with prostate cancer. PLoS One 2012; 7:e34875. [PMID: 22493721 PMCID: PMC3321043 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0034875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2011] [Accepted: 03/10/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The identification of a blood-based diagnostic marker is a goal in many areas of medicine, including the early diagnosis of prostate cancer. We describe the use of averaged differential display as an efficient mechanism for biomarker discovery in whole blood RNA. The process of averaging reduces the problem of clinical heterogeneity while simultaneously minimizing sample handling. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS RNA was isolated from the blood of prostate cancer patients and healthy controls. Samples were pooled and subjected to the averaged differential display process. Transcripts present at different levels between patients and controls were purified and sequenced for identification. Transcript levels in the blood of prostate cancer patients and controls were verified by quantitative RT-PCR. Means were compared using a t-test and a receiver-operating curve was generated. The Ring finger protein 19A (RNF19A) transcript was identified as having higher levels in prostate cancer patients compared to healthy men through the averaged differential display process. Quantitative RT-PCR analysis confirmed a more than 2-fold higher level of RNF19A mRNA levels in the blood of patients with prostate cancer than in healthy controls (p = 0.0066). The accuracy of distinguishing cancer patients from healthy men using RNF19A mRNA levels in blood as determined by the area under the receiving operator curve was 0.727. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE Averaged differential display offers a simplified approach for the comprehensive screening of body fluids, such as blood, to identify biomarkers in patients with prostate cancer. Furthermore, this proof-of-concept study warrants further analysis of RNF19A as a clinically relevant biomarker for prostate cancer detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- V. Uma Bai
- Department of Urology, Henry Ford Health Systems, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
- Vattikuti Institute of Urology, Henry Ford Health Systems, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
- Josephine Ford Cancer Center, Henry Ford Health Systems, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Ok Hwang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Henry Ford Health Systems, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
- Josephine Ford Cancer Center, Henry Ford Health Systems, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
| | - George W. Divine
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Henry Ford Health Systems, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
- Josephine Ford Cancer Center, Henry Ford Health Systems, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Evelyn R. Barrack
- Department of Urology, Henry Ford Health Systems, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
- Vattikuti Institute of Urology, Henry Ford Health Systems, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
- Josephine Ford Cancer Center, Henry Ford Health Systems, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Mani Menon
- Department of Urology, Henry Ford Health Systems, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
- Vattikuti Institute of Urology, Henry Ford Health Systems, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
- Josephine Ford Cancer Center, Henry Ford Health Systems, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
| | - G. Prem-Veer Reddy
- Department of Urology, Henry Ford Health Systems, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
- Vattikuti Institute of Urology, Henry Ford Health Systems, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
- Josephine Ford Cancer Center, Henry Ford Health Systems, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Clara Hwang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Henry Ford Health Systems, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
- Josephine Ford Cancer Center, Henry Ford Health Systems, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
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Richie JP, Das A, Calcagnotto AM, Aliaga CA, El-Bayoumy K. Age related changes in selenium and glutathione levels in different lobes of the rat prostate. Exp Gerontol 2011; 47:223-8. [PMID: 22212532 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2011.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2011] [Revised: 09/22/2011] [Accepted: 11/28/2011] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Aging represents a major risk factor for prostate cancer; however, mechanisms responsible for this relationship remain unclear. Preclinical and some clinical investigations support the protective role of selenium against prostate cancer possibly through the reduction of oxidative stress. While increased levels of oxidative stress together with decreases in selenium and the major cellular antioxidant glutathione (GSH) are common in tissues of old animals, there is little data available on these parameters in the prostate. In the present study we have compared the levels of selenium, GSH and protein-bound GSH (GSSP) in blood and prostate tissues in young (4-month), mature (12-month), old (18 month), and very old (24 month) male F344 rats. Each prostate lobe (dorsolateral, DL; anterior, AL; ventral, VL) was analyzed separately based upon their differing potential for prostate cancer development. At all ages, selenium levels were lowest in DL<VL<AL. After 12 mo, an 85% reduction in selenium in the DL was observed (P<0.05), while levels in other lobes were unchanged. In animals of all ages, levels of GSH were lowest in the VL<DL=AL and no significant changes were observed in GSH levels by 18 mo. However, GSSP, a marker of oxidative stress, was increased 90% after 18 mo in the DL only (P<0.01). These findings of age-related changes in GSSP and selenium in the DL prostate are consistent with the sensitivity of this lobe to carcinogenesis and, thus, may be playing a mechanistic role.
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Affiliation(s)
- John P Richie
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Penn State Hershey Cancer Institute, Penn State University College of Medicine, 500 University Drive, P.O. Box 850, Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033, USA.
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Ilnytskyy Y, Kovalchuk O. Non-targeted radiation effects-an epigenetic connection. Mutat Res 2011; 714:113-25. [PMID: 21784089 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrfmmm.2011.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2011] [Revised: 06/24/2011] [Accepted: 06/29/2011] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Ionizing radiation (IR) is a pivotal diagnostic and treatment modality, yet it is also a potent genotoxic agent that causes genome instability and carcinogenesis. While modern cancer radiation therapy has led to increased patient survival rates, the risk of radiation treatment-related complications is becoming a growing problem. IR-induced genome instability has been well-documented in directly exposed cells and organisms. It has also been observed in distant 'bystander' cells. Enigmatically, increased instability is even observed in progeny of pre-conceptually exposed animals, including humans. The mechanisms by which it arises remain obscure and, recently, they have been proposed to be epigenetic in nature. Three major epigenetic phenomena include DNA methylation, histone modifications and small RNA-mediated silencing. This review focuses on the role of DNA methylation and small RNAs in directly exposed and bystander tissues and in IR-induced transgenerational effects. Here, we present evidence that IR-mediated effects are maintained by epigenetic mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaroslav Ilnytskyy
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge T1K 3M4, Alberta, Canada
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Chouliaras L, van den Hove DLA, Kenis G, Dela Cruz J, Lemmens MAM, van Os J, Steinbusch HWM, Schmitz C, Rutten BPF. Caloric restriction attenuates age-related changes of DNA methyltransferase 3a in mouse hippocampus. Brain Behav Immun 2011; 25:616-23. [PMID: 21172419 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2010.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2010] [Revised: 11/08/2010] [Accepted: 11/28/2010] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have suggested that DNA methylation is implicated in age-related changes in gene expression as well as in cognition. DNA methyltransferase 3a (Dnmt3a), which catalyzes DNA methylation, is essential for memory formation and underlying changes in neuronal and synaptic plasticity. Because caloric restriction (CR) and upregulation of antioxidants have been suggested as strategies to attenuate age-related alterations in the brain, we hypothesized that both a diet restricted in calories and transgenic overexpression of normal human Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD) attenuate age-related changes in Dnmt3a in the aging mouse hippocampus. For this purpose, we performed qualitative and quantitative analyses of Dnmt3a-immunoreactivity (IR) for the hippocampal dentate gyrus (DG), CA3 and CA1-2 regions in 12- and 24-month-old mice from 4 groups, i.e. (1) wild-type (WT) mice on a control diet (WT-CD), (2) SOD-CD mice, (3) WT mice on CR (WT-CR), and (4) SOD-CR. Qualitative analyses revealed two types of Dnmt3a immunoreactive cells: type I cells--present throughout all hippocampal cell layers showing moderate levels of nuclear Dnmt3a-IR, and type II cells--a subpopulation of hippocampal cells showing very intense nuclear Dnmt3a-IR, and colocalization with Bromodeoxyuridine. Quantitative analyses indicated that the age-related increase in Dnmt3a-IR within the CA3 and CA1-2 in type I cells was attenuated by CR, but not by SOD overexpression. In contrast, the density of type II Dnmt3a immunoreactive cells showed an age-related reduction, without significant effects of both CR and SOD. These changes in Dnmt3a levels in the mouse hippocampus may have a significant impact on gene expression and associated cognitive functioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Chouliaras
- School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (MHeNS), Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, European Graduate School of Neuroscience (EURON), Maastricht University Medical Centre, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
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