1
|
Yue Y, Ren Y, Lu C, Li P, Zhang G. Epigenetic regulation of human FOXP3+ Tregs: from homeostasis maintenance to pathogen defense. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1444533. [PMID: 39144146 PMCID: PMC11323565 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1444533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2024] [Accepted: 07/15/2024] [Indexed: 08/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Regulatory T cells (Tregs), characterized by the expression of Forkhead Box P3 (FOXP3), constitute a distinct subset of T cells crucial for immune regulation. Tregs can exert direct and indirect control over immune homeostasis by releasing inhibitory factors or differentiating into Th-like Treg (Th-Treg), thereby actively contributing to the prevention and treatment of autoimmune diseases. The epigenetic regulation of FOXP3, encompassing DNA methylation, histone modifications, and post-translational modifications, governs the development and optimal suppressive function of Tregs. In addition, Tregs can also possess the ability to maintain homeostasis in diverse microenvironments through non-suppressive mechanisms. In this review, we primarily focus on elucidating the epigenetic regulation of Tregs as well as their multifaceted roles within diverse physiological contexts while looking forward to potential strategies involving augmentation or suppression of Tregs activity for disease management, particularly in light of the ongoing global COVID-19 pandemic.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Guojun Zhang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Schmitz T, Freuer D, Meisinger C, Linseisen J. Associations between anthropometric parameters and immune-phenotypical characteristics of circulating Tregs and serum cytokines. Inflamm Res 2023; 72:1789-1798. [PMID: 37659013 PMCID: PMC10539435 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-023-01777-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the associations between several anthropometric parameters and regulatory T cells (Tregs) and circulating cytokines in a population-based cohort. METHODS Between 2018 and 2021, a total of 238 participants were examined up to three times within the scope of the MEGA study in Augsburg, Germany. Tregs were analyzed using flow cytometry and the serum concentrations of 52 cytokines were determined. Anthropometric parameters were measured, using also bioelectrical impedance analysis: body mass index (BMI), relative total body fat, relative visceral adipose tissue (rVAT), waist circumference (WC), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) and body fat distribution. Associations were analyzed using linear mixed models with random intercept (Tregs) and conventional linear regression models (cytokines). RESULTS WC and WHR were inversely associated with the general Treg subset. Four parameters (BMI, rVAT, WC, and WHR) were inversely associated with the conventional Treg population. Three cytokines showed a particularly strong association with several anthropometric parameters: the cutaneous T-cell attracting chemokine was inversely associated with anthropometric parameters, while hepatocyte growth factor and interleukine-18 showed positive associations. CONCLUSIONS Anthropometric measures are associated with Tregs and serum cytokine concentrations revealing new important interconnections between obesity and the adaptive immune system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Timo Schmitz
- Epidemiology, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Augsburg, University of Augsburg, Stenglinstraße 2, 86156, Augsburg, Germany.
| | - D Freuer
- Epidemiology, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Augsburg, University of Augsburg, Stenglinstraße 2, 86156, Augsburg, Germany
| | - C Meisinger
- Epidemiology, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Augsburg, University of Augsburg, Stenglinstraße 2, 86156, Augsburg, Germany
| | - J Linseisen
- Epidemiology, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Augsburg, University of Augsburg, Stenglinstraße 2, 86156, Augsburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Degechisa ST, Dabi YT. Leptin Deficiency May Influence the Divergence of Cell-Mediated Immunity Between Lepromatous and Tuberculoid Leprosy Patients. J Inflamm Res 2022; 15:6719-6728. [PMID: 36536644 PMCID: PMC9758981 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s389845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Leprosy is a disease caused by an intracellular bacillus bacterium called Mycobacterium leprae which lives and multiplies in the hosts' macrophages and Schwann cells. Depending on the degree of the host's cell-mediated immunity (CMI) response to the bacilli, the disease manifests itself in five clinical spectra ranging from polar tuberculoid (TT) to polar lepromatous leprosy (LL). A very high level of T helper 1 (Th1) driven bacilli-specific CMI is seen in the TT form, whereas this response is essentially nonexistent in the LL form. As a result, there is very low or absent bacillary load and localized nodular lesions in TT patients. On the contrary, LL patients presented with high bacillary load and generalized lesions due to low CMI response. The mechanism underlying this divergence of CMI response is not clearly elucidated yet. However, mounting evidence links it to an elevated number of Th1 and Th17 suppressing CD4+ CD25+ FOXP3+ T regulatory cells (Treg cells) which are abundantly found in LL than in TT patients. The predominance of these cells in LL patients is partly attributed to a deficiency of leptin, the cytokine-like peptide hormone, in these patients. Becausea normal level of leptin promotes the proliferation and preferential differentiation of effector T cells (Th1 and Th17) while inhibiting the growth and functional responsiveness of the Treg cells. In contrast, leptin deficiency or neutralization was reported to exert the opposite effect on Treg cells and effector T cells. Other smaller subsets of lymphocytes such as gamma delta (γδ) T cells and B regulatory cells are also modulated by leptin level in the pathogenesis of leprosy. Leptin may therefore regulate the divergence of CMI between TT and LL patients by regulating the homeostasis of effector T cells and Treg cells, and this review will examine the underlying mechanism for this.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sisay Teka Degechisa
- Medical Biochemistry Department, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Abeba, Ethiopia
- Medical Laboratory Science Department, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Arba Minch University, Arba Minch, Ethiopia
| | - Yosef Tsegaye Dabi
- Medical Biochemistry Department, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Abeba, Ethiopia
- Medical Laboratory Science Department, Wollega University, Nekemte, Ethiopia
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Silver A, Feier D, Ghosh T, Rahman M, Huang J, Sarkisian MR, Deleyrolle LP. Heterogeneity of glioblastoma stem cells in the context of the immune microenvironment and geospatial organization. Front Oncol 2022; 12:1022716. [PMID: 36338705 PMCID: PMC9628999 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.1022716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is an extremely aggressive and incurable primary brain tumor with a 10-year survival of just 0.71%. Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are thought to seed GBM's inevitable recurrence by evading standard of care treatment, which combines surgical resection, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy, contributing to this grim prognosis. Effective targeting of CSCs could result in insights into GBM treatment resistance and development of novel treatment paradigms. There is a major ongoing effort to characterize CSCs, understand their interactions with the tumor microenvironment, and identify ways to eliminate them. This review discusses the diversity of CSC lineages present in GBM and how this glioma stem cell (GSC) mosaicism drives global intratumoral heterogeneity constituted by complex and spatially distinct local microenvironments. We review how a tumor's diverse CSC populations orchestrate and interact with the environment, especially the immune landscape. We also discuss how to map this intricate GBM ecosystem through the lens of metabolism and immunology to find vulnerabilities and new ways to disrupt the equilibrium of the system to achieve improved disease outcome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aryeh Silver
- Department of Neurosurgery, Adam Michael Rosen Neuro-Oncology Laboratories, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Diana Feier
- Department of Neurosurgery, Adam Michael Rosen Neuro-Oncology Laboratories, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Tanya Ghosh
- Department of Neurosurgery, Adam Michael Rosen Neuro-Oncology Laboratories, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Maryam Rahman
- Department of Neurosurgery, Adam Michael Rosen Neuro-Oncology Laboratories, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States,Preston A. Wells, Jr. Center for Brain Tumor Therapy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Jianping Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Adam Michael Rosen Neuro-Oncology Laboratories, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States,Preston A. Wells, Jr. Center for Brain Tumor Therapy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Matthew R. Sarkisian
- Preston A. Wells, Jr. Center for Brain Tumor Therapy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States,Department of Neuroscience, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Loic P. Deleyrolle
- Department of Neurosurgery, Adam Michael Rosen Neuro-Oncology Laboratories, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States,Preston A. Wells, Jr. Center for Brain Tumor Therapy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States,*Correspondence: Loic P. Deleyrolle,
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Corsi-Zuelli F, Deakin B, de Lima MHF, Qureshi O, Barnes NM, Upthegrove R, Louzada-Junior P, Del-Ben CM. T regulatory cells as a potential therapeutic target in psychosis? Current challenges and future perspectives. Brain Behav Immun Health 2021; 17:100330. [PMID: 34661175 PMCID: PMC7611834 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbih.2021.100330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Revised: 08/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Many studies have reported that patients with psychosis, even before drug treatment, have mildly raised levels of blood cytokines relative to healthy controls. In contrast, there is a remarkable scarcity of studies investigating the cellular basis of immune function and cytokine changes in psychosis. The few flow-cytometry studies have been limited to counting the proportion of the major classes of monocyte and lymphocytes without distinguishing their pro- and anti-inflammatory subsets. Moreover, most of the investigations are cross-sectional and conducted with patients on long-term medication. These features make it difficult to eliminate confounding of illness-related changes by lifestyle factors, disease duration, and long exposure to antipsychotics. This article focuses on regulatory T cells (Tregs), cornerstone immune cells that regulate innate and adaptive immune forces and neuro-immune interactions between astrocytes and microglia. Tregs are also implicated in cardio-metabolic disorders that are common comorbidities of psychosis. We have recently proposed that Tregs are hypofunctional ('h-Tregs') in psychosis driven by our clinical findings and other independent research. Our h-Treg-glial imbalance hypothesis offers a new account for the co-occurrence of systemic immune dysregulation and mechanisms of psychosis development. This article extends our recent review, the h-Treg hypothesis, to cover new discoveries on Treg-based therapies from pre-clinical findings and their clinical implications. We provide a detailed characterisation of Treg studies in psychosis, identifying important methodological limitations and perspectives for scientific innovation. The outcomes presented in this article reaffirms our proposed h-Treg state in psychosis and reveals emerging preclinical research suggesting the potential benefit of Treg-enhancing therapies. There is a clear need for longitudinal studies conducted with drug-naïve or minimally treated patients using more sophisticated techniques of flow-cytometry, CyTOF expression markers, and in vitro co-culture assays to formally test the suppressive capacity of Tregs. Investment in Treg research offers major potential benefits in targeting emerging immunomodulatory treatment modalities on person-specific immune dysregulations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fabiana Corsi-Zuelli
- Department of Neuroscience and Behaviour, Division of Psychiatry, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, 14048-900, Brazil
- Center for Research on Inflammatory Diseases – CRID, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, 14048-900, Brazil
| | - Bill Deakin
- Division of Neuroscience and Experimental Psychology, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK
| | - Mikhael Haruo Fernandes de Lima
- Center for Research on Inflammatory Diseases – CRID, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, 14048-900, Brazil
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Clinical Immunology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, 14048-900, Brazil
| | - Omar Qureshi
- Institute of Clinical Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Vincent Drive Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
- Celentyx Ltd, Birmingham Research Park, Vincent Drive, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2SQ, UK
| | - Nicholas M. Barnes
- Institute of Clinical Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Vincent Drive Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Rachel Upthegrove
- Institute for Mental Health, University of Birmingham, Prichatts Rd, Edgbaston, B152TT, UK
- Birmingham Early Intervention Service, Birmingham Women's and Children's NHS Foundation Trust, B4 6NH, UK
| | - Paulo Louzada-Junior
- Center for Research on Inflammatory Diseases – CRID, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, 14048-900, Brazil
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Clinical Immunology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, 14048-900, Brazil
| | - Cristina Marta Del-Ben
- Department of Neuroscience and Behaviour, Division of Psychiatry, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, 14048-900, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disease characterized by tumor-like hyperplasia and inflammation of the synovium, which causes synovial cell invasion into the bone and cartilage. In RA pathogenesis, various molecules in effector cells (i.e., immune cells and mesenchymal cells) are dysregulated by genetic and environmental factors. Consistent with the early stages of RA, these pathogenic cells cooperate and activate each other directly by cell-to-cell contact or indirectly via humoral factors. Recently, growing evidence has revealed essential role of adipokines, which are multifunctional signal transduction molecules, in the immune system. In this review, we summarize the current understanding of the cross-talk between leptin, one of the most well-known and best-characterized adipokines, and osteoimmunology. Furthermore, we discuss the contribution of leptin to the pathogenesis of RA and its potential mechanisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haruka Tsuchiya
- Department of Allergy and Rheumatology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Keishi Fujio
- Department of Allergy and Rheumatology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Thomas I, Panagoulias I, Aggeletopoulou I, Varvarigou A, Spiliotis BE, Mouzaki A. The Role of Leptin in Childhood Immune Thrombocytopenia (ITP): An Anti-Inflammatory Agent? Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22147636. [PMID: 34299256 PMCID: PMC8306583 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22147636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Revised: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
To investigate the effect of leptin in childhood ITP, we measured plasma leptin in 39 children with acute ITP, after treatment and in remission, and in 33 healthy age/BMI-matched controls. We also cultured ITP and control peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) with recombinant leptin to assess its direct effect on pro/anti-inflammatory cytokine gene expression. A significant increase in leptin was observed in children with active disease compared to controls. A significant inverse correlation of leptin with platelet count was also observed in children with acute ITP. Leptin remained high after treatment with IVIg, whereas steroid treatment lowered leptin below control levels. In remission, leptin was in the control range. Cytokine gene expression was significantly increased in children with acute ITP compared with controls, with highest expression for IFN-γ and IL-10. IVIg/steroid treatment significantly decreased IFN-γ and IL-10 expression. In remission, IFN-γ and IL-10 expression remained low. Addition of leptin to PBMCs isolated from patients in remission resulted in a significant increase in IL-10 gene expression compared to controls. Further experiments with purified T-cells and monocytes identified monocytes as the source of leptin-induced IL-10. We suggest that leptin acts as an active anti-inflammatory agent in childhood ITP by promoting IL-10 secretion by monocytes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Iason Thomas
- Laboratory of Immunohematology, Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, University of Patras, GR-26500 Patras, Greece; (I.T.); (I.P.); (I.A.)
- Allergy Centre, Wythenshawe Hospital, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester M23 9LT, UK
| | - Ioannis Panagoulias
- Laboratory of Immunohematology, Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, University of Patras, GR-26500 Patras, Greece; (I.T.); (I.P.); (I.A.)
| | - Ioanna Aggeletopoulou
- Laboratory of Immunohematology, Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, University of Patras, GR-26500 Patras, Greece; (I.T.); (I.P.); (I.A.)
| | - Anastasia Varvarigou
- Department of Paediatrics, Medical School, Patras University Hospital, University of Patras, GR-26500 Patras, Greece; (A.V.); (B.E.S.)
| | - Bessie E. Spiliotis
- Department of Paediatrics, Medical School, Patras University Hospital, University of Patras, GR-26500 Patras, Greece; (A.V.); (B.E.S.)
| | - Athanasia Mouzaki
- Laboratory of Immunohematology, Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, University of Patras, GR-26500 Patras, Greece; (I.T.); (I.P.); (I.A.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +30-2610-969123
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Trinh T, Broxmeyer HE. Role for Leptin and Leptin Receptors in Stem Cells During Health and Diseases. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2021; 17:511-522. [PMID: 33598894 PMCID: PMC7889057 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-021-10132-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) give rise to all blood and immune cells in the body. These rare cells reside in the hypoxic niche of the bone marrow (BM) where they are subjected to a complex network of regulatory factors including cellular and molecular components. To sustain hematopoiesis over the lifetime of an individual, HSCs maintain distinctive metabolic programs, and in recent years nutritional factors have been increasingly recognized as critical regulators of HSC numbers and functions. Leptin (LEP), a neuroendocrine messenger, and its receptor (LEPR) are well-known for their immunomodulatory and energy balancing effects; yet, how LEP/LEPR signaling plays a role in hematopoiesis is under-appreciated. In this review, we summarize and highlight recent work that demonstrated involvement of LEP/LEPR in hematopoiesis under steady state or stress-associated situations as well as in pathological conditions such as cardiovascular diseases and malignancies. Although the field is only in its infancy, these studies suggest evidence of potential clinical applications and proof-of-principle for more in-depth future research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thao Trinh
- Departments of Microbiology/Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, 950 West Walnut Street, Bldg. R2, Room 302, Indianapolis, IN, 46202-5121, USA
| | - Hal E Broxmeyer
- Departments of Microbiology/Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, 950 West Walnut Street, Bldg. R2, Room 302, Indianapolis, IN, 46202-5121, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Toussirot E. Mini-Review: The Contribution of Adipokines to Joint Inflammation in Inflammatory Rheumatic Diseases. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2020; 11:606560. [PMID: 33424772 PMCID: PMC7786430 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2020.606560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory rheumatic diseases (IRD) are complex disorders characterized by chronic inflammation of the joints and related skeletal structures. The most common forms of IRD are rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and spondyloarthritis (SpA), including axial SpA (axSpA) and psoriatic arthritis (PsA). Obesity is a frequent comorbidity in RA and PsA, and to a lesser extend in axial SpA. The association between obesity and IRD may be explained by the release from fat tissue of several bioactive proteins, namely adipokines. Adipokines are involved in the regulation of various processes such as lipid or glucose metabolism, but also inflammation. Adipokines are interrelated with the immune system, with both innate and adaptive immune cell connections. Several adipokines with pro-inflammatory effects have been identified such as leptin, visfatin or resistin. Conversely, adiponectin and more specifically its low molecular weight isoform, is considered to have antiinflammatory properties. In this review, we discuss the contribution of adipokines to the joint inflammation of IRD, the relation they have with immune pathways of these diseases, their links with the structural impact on peripheral joints and/or axial skeleton, and also the influence they may have on the cardiometabolic risk of IRD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eric Toussirot
- INSERM CIC-1431, Centre d’Investigation Clinique Biothérapie, Pôle Recherche, CHU de Besançon, Besançon, France
- Fédération Hospitalo-Universitaire INCREASE, CHU de Besançon, Besançon, France
- Rhumatologie, Pôle PACTE (Pathologies Aiguës Chroniques Transplantation Éducation), CHU de Besançon, Besançon, France
- Département Universitaire de Thérapeutique, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Besançon, France
- INSERM UMR1098 « Relations Hôte Greffon Tumeurs, Ingénierie Cellulaire et Génique », Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Besançon, France
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Liu Z, Wang J, Liu L, Yuan H, Bu Y, Feng J, Liu Y, Yang G, Zhao M, Yuan Y, Zhang H, Yun H, Zhang X. Chronic ethanol consumption and HBV induce abnormal lipid metabolism through HBx/SWELL1/arachidonic acid signaling and activate Tregs in HBV-Tg mice. Am J Cancer Res 2020; 10:9249-9267. [PMID: 32802190 PMCID: PMC7415795 DOI: 10.7150/thno.46005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Rationale: Chronic ethanol consumption as a public health problem worldwide boosts the development of chronic liver diseases in hepatitis B virus (HBV)-infected patients. Arachidonic acid metabolite prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) activates regulatory T cells (Tregs) function. Here, we aim to investigate the underlying mechanism by which chronic ethanol consumption enriches the HBV-induced abnormal lipid metabolism and Tregs. Methods: The si-RNAs were used to weaken the expression of SWELL1 in HepG2, HepG2.2.15 and K180 cancer cell lines, followed by RNA sequencing from HepG2 cells. Arachidonic acid metabolite PGE2 and LTD4 were measured by ELISA assay in vivo and in vitro. Western blot analysis and RT-qPCR were used to examine HBx and SWELL1 and transcriptional factor Sp1 in clinical HCC samples and cell lines. The effect of chronic ethanol consumption on Tregs was tested by flow cytometry in HBV-Tg mice. The splenic Tregs were collected and analyzed by RNA sequencing. Results: The cooperative effect of ethanol and HBV in abnormal lipid metabolism was observed in vivo and in vitro. The depression of SWELL1 (or HBx) resulted in the reduction of lipid content and arachidonic acid metabolite, correlating with suppression of relative gene atlas. Ethanol and SWELL1 elevated the levels of PGE2 or LTD4 in the liver of mice and cell lines. Interestingly, the ethanol modulated abnormal lipid metabolism through activating HBx/Sp1/SWELL1/arachidonic acid signaling. Chronic ethanol consumption remarkably increased the population of PBL Tregs and splenic Tregs in HBV-Tg mice, consistently with the enhanced expression of PD-L1 in vivo and in vitro. Mechanically, RNA-seq data showed that multiple genes were altered in the transcriptomic atlas of Tregs sorting from ethanol-fed mice or HBV-Tg mice. Conclusion: The chronic ethanol intake enriches the HBV-enhanced abnormal lipid metabolism through HBx/SWELL1/arachidonic acid signaling and activates Tregs in mice.
Collapse
|
11
|
Regulatory T cells in patients with early untreated rheumatoid arthritis: Phenotypic changes in the course of methotrexate treatment. Biochimie 2020; 174:9-17. [PMID: 32275944 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2020.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2019] [Revised: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is frequent systemic autoimmune disease characterized by excessive activation of collagen-specific T helper cells, and elevated level of autoantibodies in the serum. Development of RA is associated with defect in compartment of regulatory CD4+Foxp3+ T cells (Treg), but data concerning suppressive potential of Treg population in RA patients are contradictory and depend on the stage of disease. In this study we aimed to characterize abundance and phenotypic markers of CD4+Foxp3+ Treg in peripheral blood of healthy donors compared to untreated early RA patients to find potential correlations with the disease activity, antibody level, and absolute numbers and proportion of different subpopulations of T cells. Moreover, we assessed the influence of methotrexate (MT) treatment on percentage and absolute numbers of CD4+Foxp3+ Treg from the peripheral blood of untreated early RA patients. We demonstrate that increase and phenotypic changes in Treg population correlate well with response to MT. Analysis of the cohorts of matched RA patients (n = 45) and healthy controls (n = 20) revealed that patients with untreated early RA demonstrate substantial decrease in blood Treg percentage and absolute number, as well as low level of activated Treg surface markers in comparison to healthy control. The defect in Treg compartment negatively correlates with both RA activity and antibody level. MT treatment of patients with early untreated RA increases both proportion and absolute number of Treg with high level of activation markers, suggesting an increase of their functional capacity. Here we speculate the role of Tregs as specific cellular marker of successful RA treatment.
Collapse
|
12
|
Chakraborty D, Pati S, Bose S, Dhar S, Dutta S, Sa G. Cancer immunotherapy: present scenarios and the future of immunotherapy. THE NUCLEUS 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s13237-019-00273-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
|
13
|
Acharya S, Timilshina M, Chang JH. Mevalonate promotes differentiation of regulatory T cells. J Mol Med (Berl) 2019; 97:927-936. [PMID: 31020340 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-019-01784-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2018] [Revised: 03/25/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Mevalonate is a precursor in a biosynthetic pathway that is important for the coordination of regulatory T cell (Treg) proliferation and upregulation of the suppressive function that establishes the functional competency of Tregs. The extensive role of mevalonate and its underlying effect on Treg differentiation are still unclear. We found that mevalonate increases in vitro differentiation of induced Tregs (iTregs) without broadly affecting Th1 and Th17 cell differentiation. Furthermore, an adoptive transfer study showed that mevalonate enhanced peripherally induced Treg cells (pTregs) in mesenteric lymphocytes in vivo. Mevalonate-treated iTregs exhibited greater suppressive activity against effector cells than untreated Tregs. Mechanistically, mevalonate enhanced transforming growth factor (TGF)-β signaling by increasing the phosphorylation of Smad3, but not Smad2, and by promoting Foxp3 expression. Furthermore, we demonstrated that mevalonate treatment ameliorated dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis and resulted in an increased percentage of Tregs in vivo. Our results suggest that mevalonate enhanced Treg differentiation and ameliorated DSS colitis, indicating its potential for treatment of inflammatory diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Suman Acharya
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, 38541, South Korea
| | | | - Jae-Hoon Chang
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, 38541, South Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Li Y, Jia A, Wang Y, Dong L, Wang Y, He Y, Wang S, Cao Y, Yang H, Bi Y, Liu G. Immune effects of glycolysis or oxidative phosphorylation metabolic pathway in protecting against bacterial infection. J Cell Physiol 2019; 234:20298-20309. [PMID: 30972784 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.28630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2018] [Revised: 02/24/2019] [Accepted: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The metabolism of immune cells reprograms inflammatory responses to protect against infection by pathogenic microorganisms, but the immune effects of glycolysis and the oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) metabolic pathway remain unclear. Herein, the effects of glycolysis or OXPHOS on the neutrophils and T cells were investigated using a pharmacological approach in mice. 2-Deoxy-d-glucose (2-DG), which blocks the key enzyme hexokinase of glycolysis, and dimethyl malonate (DMM), which blocks the key element succinate of OXPHOS, both efficiently expanded the population of neutrophils, but significantly inhibited tumor necrosis factor a secretion and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. These compounds also effectively inhibited the differentiation of type 1 T helper cells (Th1) but had no effects on the differentiation of type 2 T helper cells (Th2) and regulatory T cells. A study of the underlying mechanism showed that hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha (HIF1α) was an upstream signal in the regulation of glycolysis, but not OXPHOS. In thioglycolate broth-induced neutrophil peritonitis, blockade of glycolysis or OXPHOS efficiently expanded the population of neutrophils, but diminished their abilities to secrete proinflammatory factors, produce ROS, and phagocytose bacteria. In Listeria monocytogenes bacteria-infected mice, 2-DG or DMM treatment consistently inhibited antibacterial activity and Th1 function. Thus, our results provide a basis for comprehensively understanding the role of glycolysis and OXPHOS in anti-infectious immunity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Li
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Regulation Biology, Ministry of Education, Institute of Cell Biology, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Anna Jia
- Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Regulation Biology, Ministry of Education, Institute of Cell Biology, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuexin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Regulation Biology, Ministry of Education, Institute of Cell Biology, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Lin Dong
- Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Regulation Biology, Ministry of Education, Institute of Cell Biology, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Yufei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Regulation Biology, Ministry of Education, Institute of Cell Biology, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Ying He
- Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Regulation Biology, Ministry of Education, Institute of Cell Biology, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Shiyao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Regulation Biology, Ministry of Education, Institute of Cell Biology, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Yejin Cao
- Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Regulation Biology, Ministry of Education, Institute of Cell Biology, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Hui Yang
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yujing Bi
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, China
| | - Guangwei Liu
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Regulation Biology, Ministry of Education, Institute of Cell Biology, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Hu Y, Qi W, Sun L, Zhou H, Zhou B, Yang Z. Effect of TGF-β1 on blood CD4 +CD25 high regulatory T cell proliferation and Foxp3 expression during non-small cell lung cancer blood metastasis. Exp Ther Med 2018; 16:1403-1410. [PMID: 30112067 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2018.6306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2017] [Accepted: 04/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Metastatic circulating tumor cells in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) metastasis have been reported to be associated with an immune response. The present study aimed to provide a theoretical basis for the immunomodulatory processes during NSCLC blood metastasis. NSCLC blood and normal peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were collected. The quantity of cluster of differentiation (CD)4+CD25high regulatory T (Treg) cells and the intracellular forkhead box protein 3 (Foxp3) expression in CD4+CD25high Treg cells were determined by flow cytometry. Furthermore, the effect of transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1) on NSCLC blood CD4+CD25+ Treg cell proliferation was explored by activating blood mononuclear cells with an anti-CD3 monoclonal antibody, interleukin-2 and different doses of TGF-β1. Reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction assays were used to detect the mRNA expression of Foxp3. Carboxyfluorescein succinimidyl ester staining was used to analyze the proliferation dynamics of lymphocyte subsets. Results indicate that the proportion of CD4+ T cells in the blood of patients with NSCLC was significantly higher compared with normal peripheral blood (P<0.01). Foxp3 expression in NSCLC blood Treg cells was significantly decreased compared with normal peripheral blood (P<0.01). NSCLC blood mononuclear cells treated with TGF-β1 at 1, 5 and 25 ng/ml significantly induced Foxp3 expression in CD4+CD25+ Treg cells compared with the control group (P<0.05). The proportion of CD4+CD25+ Treg and CD8+ T cells were elevated in generation 6, 7, 8 after 6 days of TGF-β1 treatment compared with untreated cells. The proportion of CD4+CD25+ Treg and CD8+ T cells were elevated in generation 8, 9 and with TGF-β1 treatment after 8 days compared with untreated cells. These results indicate that CD4+CD25+ Treg cells proliferate at a greater rate compared with CD8+ T cells after 4, 6 or 8 days of treatment. The proportion of CD4+CD25high Treg cells in NSCLC blood was significantly higher (P<0.05) compared with normal peripheral blood. The number of Foxp3+ T cells was significantly lower (P<0.05) compared with normal peripheral blood. The data presented in this study suggest that NSCLC blood CD4+CD25high Treg cells are functionally immature and that TGF-β1 may promote maturation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yi Hu
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Jiaxing No. 1 Hospital, Jiaxing, Zhejiang 314001, P.R. China
| | - Weibo Qi
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Jiaxing No. 1 Hospital, Jiaxing, Zhejiang 314001, P.R. China
| | - Li Sun
- Clinical Laboratory, Jiaxing No. 1 Hospital, Jiaxing, Zhejiang 314001, P.R. China
| | - Hui Zhou
- Clinical Laboratory, Jiaxing No. 1 Hospital, Jiaxing, Zhejiang 314001, P.R. China
| | - Biliu Zhou
- Zhejiang Guojian Biotech Co., Ltd., Jiaxing, Zhejiang 314001, P.R. China
| | - Zhiping Yang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Jiaxing No. 1 Hospital, Jiaxing, Zhejiang 314001, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Differential transcriptome of tolerogenic versus inflammatory dendritic cells points to modulated T1D genetic risk and enriched immune regulation. Genes Immun 2017; 18:176-183. [PMID: 28794505 DOI: 10.1038/gene.2017.18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2017] [Revised: 05/11/2017] [Accepted: 06/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Tolerogenic dendritic cells (tolDCs) are assessed as immunomodulatory adjuvants to regulate autoimmunity. The underlying gene expression endorsing their regulatory features remains ill-defined. Using deep mRNA sequencing, we compared transcriptomes of 1,25-dihydroxyvitaminD3/dexametasone-modulated tolDCs with that of non-modulated mature inflammatory DCs (mDCs). Differentially expressed genes controlled cellular interactions, metabolic pathways and endorse tolDCs with the capacity to regulate cell activation through nutrient and signal deprivation, collectively gearing tolDCs into tolerogenic immune regulators. Gene expression differences correlated with protein expression, designating low CD86 and high CD52 on the cell surface as superior discriminators between tolDCs and mDCs. Of 37 candidate genes conferring risk to developing type 1 diabetes (T1D), 11 genes differentially expressed in tolDCs and mDCs regulated immune response and antigen-presenting activity. Differential-expressed transcripts of candidate risk loci for T1D suggest a role of these 'risk genes' in immune regulation, which targeting may modulate the genetic contribution to autoimmunity.
Collapse
|
17
|
Inducing maternal inflammation promotes leptin production in offspring but does not improve allergic symptoms in a mouse model of allergic rhinitis. Heliyon 2017; 3:e00327. [PMID: 28707000 PMCID: PMC5484967 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2017.e00327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2016] [Revised: 05/27/2017] [Accepted: 06/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS The intrauterine environment is considered to affect immunological development in fetus, leading to an increased risk of developing allergy. In particular, maternal lipopolysaccharides (LPS) administration might regulate the development of allergic disease in offspring. Several studies have shown that being obese relates to a higher prevalence of allergic diseases compared to normal weight. The present study explored the effects of inducing maternal inflammation with LPS before pregnancy on body weight, physical composition including body fat, adipokine production, and pathology of allergic rhinitis in offspring. MAIN METHODS Female mice received a single intraperitoneal injection of LPS (2 μg/g BW). After 5 days of LPS administration, female mice were mated with males, and experimental allergic rhinitis was induced in female offspring. Immunization and nasal challenge with ovalbumin (OVA) were performed at 7 and 8 weeks of age. Allergic rhinitis-like symptoms, OVA-specific IgE and adipokines in sera, body weight, fat pad weight, and cytokine production by splenocytes in these 9-week-old offspring. KEY FINDINGS Maternal LPS administration results in a significant increase in body weight, visceral fat accumulation, and serum leptin concentration, and the dominance of Th1 in Th balance. Nevertheless, there was no statistical difference in OVA-specific IgE titer and allergic-like symptoms between the groups. SIGNIFICANCE In conclusion, maternal LPS promoted leptin production and altered Th balance in mice offspring, but not improved allergic symptoms in a mouse model of allergic rhinitis. It might suggest that inflammation during pregnancy plays a role in the adipose tissue function which could diversely influence allergic inflammation in offspring.
Collapse
|
18
|
Cancer acidity: An ultimate frontier of tumor immune escape and a novel target of immunomodulation. Semin Cancer Biol 2017; 43:74-89. [PMID: 28267587 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2017.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 375] [Impact Index Per Article: 53.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2017] [Revised: 02/22/2017] [Accepted: 03/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The link between cancer metabolism and immunosuppression, inflammation and immune escape has generated major interest in investigating the effects of low pH on tumor immunity. Indeed, microenvironmental acidity may differentially impact on diverse components of tumor immune surveillance, eventually contributing to immune escape and cancer progression. Although the molecular pathways underlying acidity-related immune dysfunctions are just emerging, initial evidence indicates that antitumor effectors such as T and NK cells tend to lose their function and undergo a state of mostly reversible anergy followed by apoptosis, when exposed to low pH environment. At opposite, immunosuppressive components such as myeloid cells and regulatory T cells are engaged by tumor acidity to sustain tumor growth while blocking antitumor immune responses. Local acidity could also profoundly influence bioactivity and distribution of antibodies, thus potentially interfering with the clinical efficacy of therapeutic antibodies including immune checkpoint inhibitors. Hence tumor acidity is a central regulator of cancer immunity that orchestrates both local and systemic immunosuppression and that may offer a broad panel of therapeutic targets. This review outlines the fundamental pathways of acidity-driven immune dysfunctions and sheds light on the potential strategies that could be envisaged to potentiate immune-mediated tumor control in cancer patients.
Collapse
|
19
|
Oxidative Stress and Treg and Th17 Dysfunction in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2016; 2016:2526174. [PMID: 27597882 PMCID: PMC4997077 DOI: 10.1155/2016/2526174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2016] [Revised: 05/15/2016] [Accepted: 05/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease that involves multiple organ systems. The pathogenic mechanisms that cause SLE remain unclear; however, it is well recognized that the immune balance is disturbed and that this imbalance contributes to the autoimmune symptoms of SLE. Oxidative stress represents an imbalance between the production and manifestation of reactive oxygen species and the ability of the biological system to readily detoxify the reactive intermediates or to repair the resulting damage. In humans, oxidative stress is involved in many diseases, including atherosclerosis, myocardial infarction, and autoimmune diseases. Numerous studies have confirmed that oxidative stress plays an important role in the pathogenesis of SLE. This review mainly focuses on the recent research advances with respect to oxidative stress and regulatory T (Treg)/helper T 17 (Th17) cell dysfunction in the pathogenesis of SLE.
Collapse
|
20
|
Vogelsang M, Martinez CN, Rendleman J, Bapodra A, Malecek K, Romanchuk A, Kazlow E, Shapiro RL, Berman RS, Krogsgaard M, Osman I, Kirchhoff T. The Expression Quantitative Trait Loci in Immune Pathways and their Effect on Cutaneous Melanoma Prognosis. Clin Cancer Res 2016; 22:3268-80. [PMID: 26733611 PMCID: PMC5024570 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-15-2066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2015] [Accepted: 12/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The identification of personalized germline markers with biologic relevance for the prediction of cutaneous melanoma prognosis is highly demanded but to date, it has been largely unsuccessful. As melanoma progression is controlled by host immunity, here we present a novel approach interrogating immunoregulatory pathways using the genome-wide maps of expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL) to reveal biologically relevant germline variants modulating cutaneous melanoma outcomes. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Using whole genome eQTL data from a healthy population, we identified 385 variants significantly impacting the expression of 268 immune-relevant genes. The 40 most significant eQTLs were tested in a prospective cohort of 1,221 patients with cutaneous melanoma for their association with overall (OS) and recurrence-free survival using Cox regression models. RESULTS We identified highly significant associations with better melanoma OS for rs6673928, impacting IL19 expression (HR, 0.56; 95% CI, 0.41-0.77; P = 0.0002) and rs6695772, controlling the expression of BATF3 (HR, 1.64; 95% CI, 1.19-2.24; P = 0.0019). Both associations map in the previously suspected melanoma prognostic locus at 1q32. Furthermore, we show that their combined effect on melanoma OS is substantially enhanced reaching the level of clinical applicability (HR, 1.92; 95% CI, 1.43-2.60; P = 2.38e-5). CONCLUSIONS Our unique approach of interrogating lymphocyte-specific eQTLs reveals novel and biologically relevant immunomodulatory eQTL predictors of cutaneous melanoma prognosis that are independent of current histopathologic markers. The significantly enhanced combined effect of identified eQTLs suggests the personalized utilization of both SNPs in a clinical setting, strongly indicating the promise of the proposed design for the discovery of prognostic or risk germline markers in other cancers. Clin Cancer Res; 22(13); 3268-80. ©2016 AACR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matjaz Vogelsang
- Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York. Departments of Population Health and Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York. The Interdisciplinary Melanoma Cooperative Group, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Carlos N Martinez
- Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York. Departments of Population Health and Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York. The Interdisciplinary Melanoma Cooperative Group, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Justin Rendleman
- Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York. Departments of Population Health and Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York. The Interdisciplinary Melanoma Cooperative Group, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Anuj Bapodra
- Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York. The Interdisciplinary Melanoma Cooperative Group, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York. Department of Pathology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Karolina Malecek
- Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York. The Interdisciplinary Melanoma Cooperative Group, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York. Department of Pathology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Artur Romanchuk
- Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York. Departments of Population Health and Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York. The Interdisciplinary Melanoma Cooperative Group, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Esther Kazlow
- Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York. Departments of Population Health and Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York. The Interdisciplinary Melanoma Cooperative Group, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Richard L Shapiro
- The Interdisciplinary Melanoma Cooperative Group, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York. Department of Surgery, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Russell S Berman
- The Interdisciplinary Melanoma Cooperative Group, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York. Department of Surgery, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Michelle Krogsgaard
- Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York. The Interdisciplinary Melanoma Cooperative Group, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York. Department of Pathology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Iman Osman
- Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York. The Interdisciplinary Melanoma Cooperative Group, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York. Department of Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York. Ronald O. Perelman, Department of Dermatology, New York University, New York, New York
| | - Tomas Kirchhoff
- Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York. Departments of Population Health and Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York. The Interdisciplinary Melanoma Cooperative Group, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Turcotte LM, Yingst A, Verneris MR. Metabolic Syndrome after Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation: At the Intersection of Treatment Toxicity and Immune Dysfunction. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant 2016; 22:1159-1166. [PMID: 27013015 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbmt.2016.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2016] [Accepted: 03/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) survivors face a multitude of short- and long-term health complications in the years after treatment. One important health complication that is associated with significant morbidity is metabolic syndrome (MetSyn). This constellation of findings, which includes obesity, glucose and lipid dysmetabolism, and hypertension, places affected individuals at increased risk for type 2 diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular complications, and stroke. Previous studies have linked MetSyn in HCT survivors to prior treatment; however, few studies have addressed the potential roles of systemic inflammation and immune system dysfunction after HCT. Within this review, we address the recent advances in the understanding of adipose tissue biology, immune, and inflammatory mechanisms involved in MetSyn in non-HCT patients, and lastly, we discuss potential novel mechanisms that may play a role in MetSyn development after HCT, such as hematopoietic stem cell source, inflammatory status of the stem cell donor, and microbiome composition, all of which represent potential new directions for post-HCT MetSyn research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lucie M Turcotte
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota.
| | - Ashley Yingst
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Michael R Verneris
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Abstract
The mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling integrates diverse environmental cues, including growth factors, nutrients and immunological signals. Activation of mTOR signaling stimulates protein synthesis and anabolic metabolism and coordinates cell growth, proliferation and fate decisions. In recent years, mTOR signaling has been linked to the entire spectrum of T cell biology, ranging from T cell development and activation to lineage specification and memory formation. Mechanistically, mTOR activation profoundly affects the expression and activity of many immunologically relevant transcription factors to propagate immune signaling and mediate effector functions. These transcription factors orchestrate cell metabolism (MYC, SREBPs and HIF1), lineage differentiation (T-bet, GATA3, RORγt, FOXP3 and Eomesodermin) and immune activation and functions (NF-κB, FOXOs, IRF4, STATs and GFI-1). This review discusses how mTOR signaling, through impinging upon transcriptional factors, regulates T cell development, activation, and effector and memory differentiation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hu Zeng
- a Department of Immunology; St. Jude Children's Research Hospital; Memphis, TN USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Toussirot É, Michel F, Binda D, Dumoulin G. The role of leptin in the pathophysiology of rheumatoid arthritis. Life Sci 2015; 140:29-36. [PMID: 26025594 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2015.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2015] [Revised: 05/03/2015] [Accepted: 05/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The past 20 years of research on leptin has provided important insights into its role in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Leptin is one of the different adipokines produced by the adipose tissue that influences the endocrine system, energy homeostasis and the immune response in several ways. Leptin is known to have predominantly pro-inflammatory effects, especially in the setting of chronic inflammation. Animal models of arthritis have illustrated well the participation of leptin in the inflammatory response within the joints. In patients with RA, numerous studies have evaluated the concentrations of leptin in the bloodstream and/or the joint cavity, showing higher levels compared to control populations. Leptin has also been found to correlate with clinical or biological measurements of disease activity of RA. Conversely, the relationship between serum leptin and joint structural damage is less evident. Leptin may also promote the development of atherosclerosis in RA and may contribute to the cardiovascular consequences of the metabolic syndrome that coexists with RA. Indeed, leptin could be a link between inflammation, metabolic risk factors and cardiovascular diseases in RA. Finally, due to abnormal body composition phenotypes with an increased prevalence of obesity in RA, the therapeutic response to traditional DMARDs and/or biological agents may be attenuated. This review discusses the multiple interplays that have been described between leptin and the clinical, radiographic and therapeutic aspects of RA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Éric Toussirot
- University Hospital of Besançon, Clinical Investigation Center for Biotherapy, INSERM CIC-1431, FHU INCREASE, Place St Jacques, 25000 Besançon, France; University Hospital of Besançon, Department of Rheumatology, Besançon, France; University of Franche Comté, Department of Therapeutics, Besançon France; University of Franche Comté, UPRES EA 4266 "Pathogens and Inflammation", SFR FED 4234, Besançon, France; LabEX LipSTIC, ANR-11-LABX-0021, F25020 Besançon cedex, France.
| | - Fabrice Michel
- University Hospital of Besançon, Department of Neuromuscular Examinations and Diseases, Besançon, France
| | - Delphine Binda
- University Hospital of Besançon, Clinical Investigation Center for Biotherapy, INSERM CIC-1431, FHU INCREASE, Place St Jacques, 25000 Besançon, France; INSERM UMR1098, Etablissement Français du Sang, University of Franche Comté, 25000 Besançon France
| | - Gilles Dumoulin
- University Hospital of Besançon, Endocrine and Metabolic Biochemistry, 25000 Besançon, France; University of Franche Comté, UPRES EA 3920 "Cardiovascular Pathophysiology and Prevention", SFR FED 4234, Besançon, France
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Abstract
Whereas resting T cells, which have low metabolic requirements, use oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) to maximize their generation of ATP, activated T cells, similar to tumor cells, shift metabolic activity to aerobic glycolysis, which also fuels mevalonate metabolism. Both sterol and nonsterol derivatives of mevalonate affect T cell function. The intracellular availability of sterols, which is dynamically regulated by different classes of transcription factors, represents a metabolic checkpoint that modulates T cell responses. The electron carrier ubiquinone, which is modified with an isoprenoid membrane anchor, plays a pivotal role in OXPHOS, which supports the proliferation of T cells. Isoprenylation also mediates the plasma membrane attachment of the Ras, Rho, and Rab guanosine triphosphatases, which are involved in T cell immunological synapse formation, migration, proliferation, and cytotoxic effector responses. Finally, multiple phosphorylated mevalonate derivatives can act as danger signals for innate-like γδ T cells, thus contributing to the immune surveillance of stress, pathogens, and tumors. We highlight the importance of the mevalonate pathway in the metabolic reprogramming of effector and regulatory T cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Martin Thurnher
- Immunotherapy Unit, Department of Urology, Medical University of Innsbruck and Oncotyrol, K1 Center for Personalized Cancer Medicine, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria.
| | - Georg Gruenbacher
- Immunotherapy Unit, Department of Urology, Medical University of Innsbruck and Oncotyrol, K1 Center for Personalized Cancer Medicine, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Kepp O, Semeraro M, Bravo-San Pedro JM, Bloy N, Buqué A, Huang X, Zhou H, Senovilla L, Kroemer G, Galluzzi L. eIF2α phosphorylation as a biomarker of immunogenic cell death. Semin Cancer Biol 2015; 33:86-92. [PMID: 25749194 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2015.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2014] [Revised: 02/13/2015] [Accepted: 02/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Cancer cells exposed to some forms of chemotherapy and radiotherapy die while eliciting an adaptive immune response. Such a functionally peculiar variant of apoptosis has been dubbed immunogenic cell death (ICD). One of the central events in the course of ICD is the activation of an endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress response. This is instrumental for cells undergoing ICD to emit all the signals that are required for their demise to be perceived as immunogenic by the host, and culminates with the phosphorylation of eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2α (eIF2α). In particular, eIF2α phosphorylation is required for the pre-apoptotic exposure of the ER chaperone calreticulin (CALR) on the cell surface, which is a central determinant of ICD. Importantly, phosphorylated eIF2α can be quantified in both preclinical and clinical samples by immunoblotting or immunohistochemistry using phosphoneoepitope-specific monoclonal antibodies. Of note, the phosphorylation of eIF2α and CALR exposure do not necessarily correlate with each other, and neither of these parameters is sufficient for cell death to be perceived as immunogenic. Nonetheless, accumulating data indicate that assessing the degree of phosphorylation of eIF2α provides a convenient parameter to monitor ICD. Here, we discuss the role of the ER stress response in ICD and the potential value of eIF2α phosphorylation as a biomarker for this clinically relevant variant of apoptosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Kepp
- Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France; INSERM, U1138, Paris, France; Equipe 11 labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France
| | - Michaela Semeraro
- Equipe 11 labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France; Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France; INSERM, U1015, Paris, France
| | - José Manuel Bravo-San Pedro
- INSERM, U1138, Paris, France; Equipe 11 labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France; Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France
| | - Norma Bloy
- INSERM, U1138, Paris, France; Equipe 11 labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France; Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France
| | - Aitziber Buqué
- INSERM, U1138, Paris, France; Equipe 11 labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France; Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France
| | - Xing Huang
- Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France; INSERM, U1138, Paris, France; Equipe 11 labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France
| | - Heng Zhou
- Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France; INSERM, U1138, Paris, France; Equipe 11 labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France
| | - Laura Senovilla
- INSERM, U1138, Paris, France; Equipe 11 labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France; Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France
| | - Guido Kroemer
- Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France; INSERM, U1138, Paris, France; Equipe 11 labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France; Pôle de Biologie, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, AP-HP, Paris, France; Université Paris Descartes/Paris V, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France; Université Pierre et Marie Curie/Paris VI, Paris, France.
| | - Lorenzo Galluzzi
- INSERM, U1138, Paris, France; Equipe 11 labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France; Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France; Université Paris Descartes/Paris V, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France; Université Pierre et Marie Curie/Paris VI, Paris, France.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Fragoso YD. Modifiable environmental factors in multiple sclerosis. ARQUIVOS DE NEURO-PSIQUIATRIA 2015; 72:889-94. [PMID: 25410457 DOI: 10.1590/0004-282x20140159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2014] [Accepted: 09/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Potential environmental modifiable factors involved in multiple sclerosis (MS) include low adherence to treatment, smoking, obesity, low levels of liposoluble vitamins A and D, high consumption of salt, and a sedentary lifestyle. Chronic tobacco use, obesity, sedentarism and insufficient levels of these vitamins all contribute to maintenance of a proinflammatory state. It is unlikely that there will be noticeable improvement in the inflammatory condition of MS if stopping smoking, reducing weight, exercising, increasing vitamin levels are done in an isolated and erratic manner. Modification of each and every one of these environmental risk factors is likely to be an important approach in the management of MS. The present review presents the arguments for an association between these hazardous modifiable factors and the chronic inflammatory state observed in MS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yara Dadalti Fragoso
- Departamento de Neurologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Metropolitana de Santos, Santos, SP, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Magrone T, Jirillo E. Childhood obesity: immune response and nutritional approaches. Front Immunol 2015; 6:76. [PMID: 25759691 PMCID: PMC4338791 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2015.00076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2015] [Accepted: 02/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Childhood obesity is characterized by a low-grade inflammation status depending on the multicellular release of cytokines, adipokines, and reactive oxygen species. In particular, the imbalance between anti-inflammatory T regulatory cells and inflammatory T helper 17 cells seems to sustain such a phlogistic condition. Alterations of gut microbiota since childhood also contribute to the maintenance of inflammation. Therefore, besides preventive measures and caloric restrictions, dietary intake of natural products endowed with anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory activities may represent a valid interventional approach for preventing and/or attenuating the pathological consequences of obesity. In this regard, the use of prebiotics, probiotics, polyphenols, polyunsaturated fatty acids, vitamins, and melatonin in human clinical trials will be described.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thea Magrone
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neuroscience and Sensory Organs, University of Bari , Bari , Italy
| | - Emilio Jirillo
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neuroscience and Sensory Organs, University of Bari , Bari , Italy
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Neildez-Nguyen TMA, Bigot J, Da Rocha S, Corre G, Boisgerault F, Paldi A, Galy A. Hypoxic culture conditions enhance the generation of regulatory T cells. Immunology 2015; 144:431-443. [PMID: 25243909 DOI: 10.1111/imm.12388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2014] [Revised: 09/11/2014] [Accepted: 09/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The generation of large amounts of induced CD4+ CD25+ Foxp3+ regulatory T (iTreg) cells is of great interest for several immunotherapy applications, therefore a better understanding of signals controlling iTreg cell differentiation and expansion is required. There is evidence that oxidative metabolism may regulate several key signalling pathways in T cells. This prompted us to investigate the effects of oxygenation on iTreg cell generation by comparing the effects of atmospheric (21%) or of low (5%) O2 concentrations on the phenotype of bead-stimulated murine splenic CD4+ T cells from Foxp3-KI-GFP T-cell receptor transgenic mice. The production of intracellular reactive oxygen species was shown to play a major role in the generation of iTreg cells, a process characterized by increased levels of Sirt1, PTEN and Glut1 on the committed cells, independently of the level of oxygenation. The suppressive function of iTreg cells generated either in atmospheric or low oxygen levels was equivalent. However, greater yields of iTreg cells were obtained under low oxygenation, resulting from a higher proliferative rate of the committed Treg cells and higher levels of Foxp3, suggesting a better stability of the differentiation process. Higher expression of Glut1 detected on iTreg cells generated under hypoxic culture conditions provides a likely explanation for the enhanced proliferation of these cells as compared to those cultured under ambient oxygen. Such results have important implications for understanding Treg cell homeostasis and developing in vitro protocols for the generation of Treg cells from naive T lymphocytes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thi My Anh Neildez-Nguyen
- Inserm, U951, Genethon, Evry, France.,Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes, University of Evry Val d'Essonne UMR_S951, Genethon, Evry, France.,Molecular Immunology and Innovative Biotherapies group, Genethon, Evry, F91002, France
| | - Jérémy Bigot
- Inserm, U951, Genethon, Evry, France.,Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes, University of Evry Val d'Essonne UMR_S951, Genethon, Evry, France.,Molecular Immunology and Innovative Biotherapies group, Genethon, Evry, F91002, France
| | - Sylvie Da Rocha
- Inserm, U951, Genethon, Evry, France.,Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes, University of Evry Val d'Essonne UMR_S951, Genethon, Evry, France.,Molecular Immunology and Innovative Biotherapies group, Genethon, Evry, F91002, France
| | - Guillaume Corre
- Inserm, U951, Genethon, Evry, France.,Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes, University of Evry Val d'Essonne UMR_S951, Genethon, Evry, France.,Molecular Immunology and Innovative Biotherapies group, Genethon, Evry, F91002, France
| | - Florence Boisgerault
- Inserm, U951, Genethon, Evry, France.,Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes, University of Evry Val d'Essonne UMR_S951, Genethon, Evry, France.,Molecular Immunology and Innovative Biotherapies group, Genethon, Evry, F91002, France
| | - Andràs Paldi
- Inserm, U951, Genethon, Evry, France.,Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes, University of Evry Val d'Essonne UMR_S951, Genethon, Evry, France.,Molecular Immunology and Innovative Biotherapies group, Genethon, Evry, F91002, France
| | - Anne Galy
- Inserm, U951, Genethon, Evry, France.,Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes, University of Evry Val d'Essonne UMR_S951, Genethon, Evry, France.,Molecular Immunology and Innovative Biotherapies group, Genethon, Evry, F91002, France
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Wang ZX, Wang CQ, Li XY, Ding Y, Feng GK, Jiang XJ. Changes of Naturally Occurring CD4 +CD25 + FOXP3 + Regulatory T Cells in Patients With Acute Coronary Syndrome and the Beneficial Effects of Atorvastatin Treatment. Int Heart J 2015; 56:163-9. [DOI: 10.1536/ihj.14-245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Xiao Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University
| | - Chong Quan Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine
| | - Xiao Yan Li
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University
| | - Yan Ding
- Department of Cardiology, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine
| | - Gao Ke Feng
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University
| | - Xue Jun Jiang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Bloy N, Pol J, Manic G, Vitale I, Eggermont A, Galon J, Tartour E, Zitvogel L, Kroemer G, Galluzzi L. Trial Watch: Radioimmunotherapy for oncological indications. Oncoimmunology 2014; 3:e954929. [PMID: 25941606 DOI: 10.4161/21624011.2014.954929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2014] [Accepted: 07/18/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
During the past two decades, it has become increasingly clear that the antineoplastic effects of radiation therapy do not simply reflect the ability of X-, β- and γ-rays to damage transformed cells and directly cause their permanent proliferative arrest or demise, but also involve cancer cell-extrinsic mechanisms. Indeed, among other activities, radiotherapy has been shown to favor the establishment of tumor-specific immune responses that operate systemically, underpinning the so-called 'out-of-field' or 'abscopal' effect. Thus, ionizing rays appear to elicit immunogenic cell death, a functionally peculiar variant of apoptosis associated with the emission of a particularly immunostimulatory combination of damage-associated molecular patterns. In line with this notion, radiation therapy fosters, and thus exacerbates, the antineoplastic effects of various treatment modalities, including surgery, chemotherapy and various immunotherapeutic agents. Here, we summarize recent advances in the use of ionizing rays as a means to induce or potentiate therapeutically relevant anticancer immune responses. In addition, we present clinical trials initiated during the past 12 months to test the actual benefit of radioimmunotherapy in cancer patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Norma Bloy
- Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus ; Villejuif, France ; INSERM, U1138 ; Paris, France ; Equipe 11 labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer; Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers ; Paris, France ; Université Paris-Sud/Paris XI ; Paris, France
| | - Jonathan Pol
- Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus ; Villejuif, France ; INSERM, U1138 ; Paris, France ; Equipe 11 labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer; Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers ; Paris, France
| | - Gwenola Manic
- Regina Elena National Cancer Institute ; Rome, Italy
| | - Ilio Vitale
- Regina Elena National Cancer Institute ; Rome, Italy
| | | | - Jérôme Galon
- INSERM, U1138 ; Paris, France ; Université Paris Descartes/Paris V; Sorbonne Paris Cité ; Paris, France ; Université Pierre et Marie Curie/Paris VI ; Paris, France ; Laboratory of Integrative Cancer Immunology, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers ; Paris, France
| | - Eric Tartour
- Université Paris Descartes/Paris V; Sorbonne Paris Cité ; Paris, France ; INSERM, U970 ; Paris, France ; Pôle de Biologie, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, AP-HP ; Paris, France
| | - Laurence Zitvogel
- Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus ; Villejuif, France ; INSERM, U1015; CICBT507 ; Villejuif, France
| | - Guido Kroemer
- INSERM, U1138 ; Paris, France ; Equipe 11 labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer; Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers ; Paris, France ; Université Paris Descartes/Paris V; Sorbonne Paris Cité ; Paris, France ; Pôle de Biologie, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, AP-HP ; Paris, France ; Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms; Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus ; Villejuif, France
| | - Lorenzo Galluzzi
- Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus ; Villejuif, France ; Equipe 11 labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer; Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers ; Paris, France ; Université Paris Descartes/Paris V; Sorbonne Paris Cité ; Paris, France
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Goubran HA, Kotb RR, Stakiw J, Emara ME, Burnouf T. Regulation of tumor growth and metastasis: the role of tumor microenvironment. CANCER GROWTH AND METASTASIS 2014; 7:9-18. [PMID: 24926201 PMCID: PMC4051818 DOI: 10.4137/cgm.s11285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2014] [Revised: 04/28/2014] [Accepted: 04/30/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The presence of abnormal cells with malignant potential or neoplastic characteristics is a relatively common phenomenon. The interaction of these abnormal cells with their microenvironment is essential for tumor development, protection from the body's immune or defence mechanisms, later progression and the development of life-threatening or metastatic disease. The tumor microenvironment is a collective term that includes the tumor's surrounding and supportive stroma, the different effectors of the immune system, blood platelets, hormones and other humoral factors. A better understanding of the interplay between the tumor cells and its microenvironment can provide efficient tools for cancer management, as well as better prevention, screening and risk assessment protocols.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hadi A Goubran
- Saskatoon Cancer Centre and College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, SK, Canada
| | - Rami R Kotb
- Medical Oncology, BC Cancer Agency, Victoria, BC
- Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Julie Stakiw
- Saskatoon Cancer Centre and College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, SK, Canada
| | - Mohamed E Emara
- Saskatoon Cancer Centre and College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, SK, Canada
| | - Thierry Burnouf
- Institute of Biomedical Materials and Tissue Engineering, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|