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Laurent C, Dietrich S, Tarte K. Cell cross talk within the lymphoma tumor microenvironment: follicular lymphoma as a paradigm. Blood 2024; 143:1080-1090. [PMID: 38096368 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2023021000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 03/22/2024] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT Follicular lymphoma (FL) is an indolent yet incurable germinal center B-cell lymphoma retaining a characteristic follicular architecture. FL tumor B cells are highly dependent on direct and indirect interactions with a specific and complex tumor microenvironment (TME). Recently, great progress has been made in describing the heterogeneity and dynamics of the FL TME and in depicting how tumor clonal and functional heterogeneity rely on the integration of TME-related signals. Specifically, the FL TME is enriched for exhausted cytotoxic T cells, immunosuppressive regulatory T cells of various origins, and follicular helper T cells overexpressing B-cell and TME reprogramming factors. FL stromal cells have also emerged as crucial determinants of tumor growth and remodeling, with a key role in the deregulation of chemokines and extracellular matrix composition. Finally, tumor-associated macrophages play a dual function, contributing to FL cell phagocytosis and FL cell survival through long-lasting B-cell receptor activation. The resulting tumor-permissive niches show additional layers of site-to-site and kinetic heterogeneity, which raise questions about the niche of FL-committed precursor cells supporting early lymphomagenesis, clonal evolution, relapse, and transformation. In turn, FL B-cell genetic and nongenetic determinants drive the reprogramming of FL immune and stromal TME. Therefore, offering a functional picture of the dynamic cross talk between FL cells and TME holds the promise of identifying the mechanisms of therapy resistance, stratifying patients, and developing new therapeutic approaches capable of eradicating FL disease in its different ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camille Laurent
- Department of Pathology, Institut Universitaire du Cancer de Toulouse Oncopole, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire Toulouse, Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse, Laboratoire d'Excellence TOUCAN, INSERM Unité Mixte de Recherche 1037, Toulouse, France
| | - Sascha Dietrich
- Department of Haematology and Oncology, University Hospital Düsseldorf and Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen Bonn Cologne, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Karin Tarte
- Unité Mixte de Recherche S1236, INSERM, Université de Rennes, Etablissement Français du Sang Bretagne, Equipe Labellisée Ligue, Rennes, France
- Department of Biology, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire de Rennes, Rennes, France
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2
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Zahid KR, Raza U, Tumbath S, Jiang L, Xu W, Huang X. Neutrophils: Musketeers against immunotherapy. Front Oncol 2022; 12:975981. [PMID: 36091114 PMCID: PMC9453237 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.975981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Neutrophils, the most copious leukocytes in human blood, play a critical role in tumorigenesis, cancer progression, and immune suppression. Recently, neutrophils have attracted the attention of researchers, immunologists, and oncologists because of their potential role in orchestrating immune evasion in human diseases including cancer, which has led to a hot debate redefining the contribution of neutrophils in tumor progression and immunity. To make this debate fruitful, this review seeks to provide a recent update about the contribution of neutrophils in immune suppression and tumor progression. Here, we first described the molecular pathways through which neutrophils aid in cancer progression and orchestrate immune suppression/evasion. Later, we summarized the underlying molecular mechanisms of neutrophil-mediated therapy resistance and highlighted various approaches through which neutrophil antagonism may heighten the efficacy of the immune checkpoint blockade therapy. Finally, we have highlighted several unsolved questions and hope that answering these questions will provide a new avenue toward immunotherapy revolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kashif Rafiq Zahid
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Melvin and Bren Simon Comprehensive Cancer Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Umar Raza
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Medical Sciences (NUMS), Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - Soumya Tumbath
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Melvin and Bren Simon Comprehensive Cancer Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Lingxiang Jiang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Melvin and Bren Simon Comprehensive Cancer Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Wenjuan Xu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Melvin and Bren Simon Comprehensive Cancer Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Xiumei Huang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Melvin and Bren Simon Comprehensive Cancer Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
- *Correspondence: Xiumei Huang,
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3
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Aly NAR, Rizk S, Aboul Enein A, El Desoukey N, Zawam H, Ahmed M, El Shikh ME, Pitzalis C. The role of lymphoid tissue SPARC in the pathogenesis and response to treatment of multiple myeloma. Front Oncol 2022; 12:1009993. [PMID: 36605435 PMCID: PMC9807864 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.1009993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Despite the significant progress in the treatment of multiple myeloma (MM), the disease remains untreatable and its cure is still an unmet clinical need. Neoplastic transformation in MM is initiated in the germinal centers (GCs) of secondary lymphoid tissue (SLT) where B cells experience extensive somatic hypermutation induced by follicular dendritic cells (FDCs) and T-cell signals. Objective We reason that secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine (SPARC), a common stromal motif expressed by FDCs at the origin (SLTs) and the destination (BM) of MM, plays a role in the pathogenesis of MM, and, here, we sought to investigate this role. Methods There were 107 BM biopsies from 57 MM patients (taken at different time points) together with 13 control specimens assessed for SPARC gene and protein expression and compared with tonsillar tissues. In addition, regulation of myeloma-promoting genes by SPARC-secreting FDCs was assessed in in vitro GC reactions (GCRs). Results SPARC gene expression was confirmed in both human primary (BM) and secondary (tonsils) lymphoid tissues, and the expression was significantly higher in the BM. Sparc was detectable in the BM and tonsillar lysates, co-localized with the FDC markers in both tissues, and stimulation of FDCs in vitro induced significantly higher levels of SPARC expression than unstimulated controls. In addition, SPARC inversely correlated with BM PC infiltration, ISS staging, and ECOG performance of the MM patients, and in vitro addition of FDCs to lymphocytes inhibited the expression of several oncogenes associated with malignant transformation of PCs. Conclusion FDC-SPARC inhibits several myelomagenic gene expression and inversely correlates with PC infiltration and MM progression. Therapeutic induction of SPARC expression through combinations of the current MM drugs, repositioning of non-MM drugs, or novel drug discovery could pave the way to better control MM in clinically severe and drug-resistant patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nesreen Amer Ramadan Aly
- Clinical and Chemical Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
- Centre for Experimental Medicine and Rheumatology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Samia Rizk
- Clinical and Chemical Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Azza Aboul Enein
- Clinical and Chemical Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Nermeen El Desoukey
- Clinical and Chemical Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Hamdy Zawam
- Clinical Oncology and Nuclear Radiation Department, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Manzoor Ahmed
- Centre for Experimental Medicine and Rheumatology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Mohey Eldin El Shikh
- Centre for Experimental Medicine and Rheumatology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
- *Correspondence: Mohey Eldin El Shikh,
| | - Costantino Pitzalis
- Centre for Experimental Medicine and Rheumatology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
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Abstract
For the past decade, the role and importance of neutrophils in cancer is being increasingly appreciated. Research has focused on the ability of cancer-related neutrophils to either support tumor growth or interfere with it, showing diverse mechanisms through which the effects of neutrophils take place. In contrast to the historic view of neutrophils as terminally differentiated cells, mounting evidence has demonstrated that neutrophils are a plastic and diverse population of cells. These dynamic and plastic abilities allow them to perform varied and sometimes opposite functions simultaneously. In this review, we summarize and detail clinical and experimental evidence for, and underlying mechanisms of, the dual impact of neutrophils' functions, both supporting and inhibiting cancer development. We first discuss the effects of various basic functions of neutrophils, namely direct cytotoxicity, secretion of reactive oxygen species (ROS), nitric oxide (NO) and proteases, NETosis, autophagy and modulation of other immune cells, on tumor growth and metastatic progression. We then describe the clinical evidence for pro- vs anti-tumor functions of neutrophils in human cancer. We believe and show that the "net" impact of neutrophils in cancer is the sum of a complex balance between contradicting effects which occur simultaneously.
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5
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Croci GA, Au-Yeung RKH, Reinke S, Staiger AM, Koch K, Oschlies I, Richter J, Poeschel V, Held G, Loeffler M, Trümper L, Rosenwald A, Ott G, Spang R, Altmann B, Ziepert M, Klapper W. SPARC-positive macrophages are the superior prognostic factor in the microenvironment of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma and independent of MYC rearrangement and double-/triple-hit status. Ann Oncol 2021; 32:1400-1409. [PMID: 34438040 DOI: 10.1016/j.annonc.2021.08.1991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Revised: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is a heterogeneous disease with respect to outcome. Features of the tumor microenvironment (TME) are associated with prognosis when assessed by gene expression profiling. However, it is uncertain whether assessment of the microenvironment can add prognostic information to the most relevant and clinically well-established molecular subgroups when analyzed by immunohistochemistry (IHC). PATIENTS AND METHODS We carried out a histopathologic analysis of biomarkers related to TME in a very large cohort (n = 455) of DLBCL treated in prospective trials and correlated with clinicopathologic and molecular data, including chromosomal rearrangements and gene expression profiles for cell-of-origin and TME. RESULTS The content of PD1+, FoxP3+ and CD8+, as well as vessel density, was not associated with outcome. However, we found a low content of CD68+ macrophages to be associated with inferior progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS; P = 0.023 and 0.040, respectively) at both univariable and multivariable analyses, adjusted for the factors of the International Prognostic Index (IPI), MYC break and BCL2/MYC and BCL6/MYC double-hit status. The subgroup of PDL1+ macrophages was not associated with survival. Instead, secreted protein acidic and cysteine rich (SPARC)-positive macrophages were identified as the subtype of macrophages most associated with survival. SPARC-positive macrophages and stromal cells directly correlated with favorable PFS and OS (both, P[log rank] <0.001, P[trend] < 0.001). The association of SPARC with prognosis was independent of the factors of the IPI, MYC double-/triple-hit status, Bcl2/c-myc double expression, cell-of-origin subtype and a recently published gene expression signature [lymphoma-associated macrophage interaction signature (LAMIS)]. CONCLUSIONS SPARC expression in the TME detected by a single IHC staining with fair-to-good interobserver reproducibility is a powerful prognostic parameter. Thus SPARC expression is a strong candidate for risk assessment in DLBCL in daily practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- G A Croci
- Institute of Pathology, Hematopathology Section and Lymph Node Registry, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany; Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Milan, Italy; Division of Pathology, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy.
| | - R K H Au-Yeung
- Institute of Pathology, Hematopathology Section and Lymph Node Registry, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany; Department of Pathology, Queen Mary Hospital, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - S Reinke
- Institute of Pathology, Hematopathology Section and Lymph Node Registry, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - A M Staiger
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Robert-Bosch-Krankenhaus, Stuttgart, Germany; Dr. Margarete Fischer-Bosch Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart and University of Tuebingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - K Koch
- Institute of Pathology, Hematopathology Section and Lymph Node Registry, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - I Oschlies
- Institute of Pathology, Hematopathology Section and Lymph Node Registry, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - J Richter
- Institute of Pathology, Hematopathology Section and Lymph Node Registry, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - V Poeschel
- Department of Internal Medicine 1 (Oncology, Hematology, Clinical Immunology, and Rheumatology), Saarland University Medical School, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - G Held
- DSHNHL Studiensekretariat, Universitätsklinikum des Saarlandes, Homburg, Germany
| | - M Loeffler
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and Epidemiology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - L Trümper
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Georg-August Universität, Göttingen, Germany
| | - A Rosenwald
- Institute of Pathology, Universität Würzburg and Comprehensive Cancer Center Mainfranken (CCCMF), Würzburg, Germany
| | - G Ott
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Robert-Bosch-Krankenhaus, Stuttgart, Germany; Dr. Margarete Fischer-Bosch Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart and University of Tuebingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - R Spang
- Statistical Bioinformatics, Institute of Functional Genomics, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - B Altmann
- DSHNHL Studiensekretariat, Universitätsklinikum des Saarlandes, Homburg, Germany
| | - M Ziepert
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and Epidemiology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - W Klapper
- Institute of Pathology, Hematopathology Section and Lymph Node Registry, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany
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CD4+ T cells sustain aggressive chronic lymphocytic leukemia in Eμ-TCL1 mice through a CD40L-independent mechanism. Blood Adv 2021; 5:2817-2828. [PMID: 34269799 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2020003795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is caused by the progressive accumulation of mature CD5+ B cells in secondary lymphoid organs. In vitro data suggest that CD4+ T lymphocytes also sustain survival and proliferation of CLL clones through CD40L/CD40 interactions. In vivo data in animal models are conflicting. To clarify this clinically relevant biological issue, we generated genetically modified Eμ-TCL1 mice lacking CD4+ T cells (TCL1+/+AB0), CD40 (TCL1+/+CD40-/-), or CD8+ T cells (TCL1+/+TAP-/-), and we monitored the appearance and progression of a disease that mimics aggressive human CLL by flow cytometry and immunohistochemical analyses. Findings were confirmed by adoptive transfer of leukemic cells into mice lacking CD4+ T cells or CD40L or mice treated with antibodies depleting CD4 T cells or blocking CD40L/CD40 interactions. CLL clones did not proliferate in mice lacking or depleted of CD4+ T cells, thus confirming that CD4+ T cells are essential for CLL development. By contrast, CD8+ T cells exerted an antitumor activity, as indicated by the accelerated disease progression in TCL1+/+TAP-/- mice. Antigen specificity of CD4+ T cells was marginal for CLL development, because CLL clones efficiently proliferated in transgenic mice whose CD4 T cells had a T-cell receptor with CLL-unrelated specificities. Leukemic clones also proliferated when transferred into wild-type mice treated with monoclonal antibodies blocking CD40 or into CD40L-/- mice, and TCL1+/+CD40-/- mice developed frank CLL. Our data demonstrate that CD8+ T cells restrain CLL progression, whereas CD4+ T cells support the growth of leukemic clones in TCL1 mice through CD40-independent and apparently noncognate mechanisms.
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Sangaletti S, Botti L, Gulino A, Lecis D, Bassani B, Portararo P, Milani M, Cancila V, De Cecco L, Dugo M, Tripodo C, Colombo MP. SPARC regulation of PMN clearance protects from pristane-induced lupus and rheumatoid arthritis. iScience 2021; 24:102510. [PMID: 34142027 PMCID: PMC8188360 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.102510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Revised: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine (SPARC) is a matricellular protein with unexpected immunosuppressive function in myeloid cells. We investigated the role of SPARC in autoimmunity using the pristane-induced model of lupus that, in mice, mimics human systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Sparc -/- mice developed earlier and more severe renal disease, multi-organ parenchymal damage, and arthritis than the wild-type counterpart. Sparc +/- heterozygous mice showed an intermediate phenotype suggesting Sparc gene dosage in autoimmune-related events. Mechanistically, reduced Sparc expression in neutrophils blocks their clearance by macrophages, through defective delivery of don't-eat-me signals. Dying Sparc -/- neutrophils that escape macrophage scavenging become source of autoantigens for dendritic cell presentation and are a direct stimulation for γδT cells. Gene profile analysis of knee synovial biopsies from SLE-associated arthritis showed an inverse correlation between SPARC and key autoimmune genes. These results point to SPARC down-regulation as a leading event characterizing SLE and rheumatoid arthritis pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabina Sangaletti
- Molecular Immunology Unit, Department of Research, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Laura Botti
- Molecular Immunology Unit, Department of Research, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Daniele Lecis
- Molecular Immunology Unit, Department of Research, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Barbara Bassani
- Molecular Immunology Unit, Department of Research, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Paola Portararo
- Molecular Immunology Unit, Department of Research, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Matteo Milani
- Molecular Immunology Unit, Department of Research, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Valeria Cancila
- Tumor Immunology Unit, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Loris De Cecco
- Platform of Integrated Biology, Department of Applied Research and Technology Development, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Matteo Dugo
- Platform of Integrated Biology, Department of Applied Research and Technology Development, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Claudio Tripodo
- Tumor Immunology Unit, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Mario P. Colombo
- Molecular Immunology Unit, Department of Research, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori di Milano, Milan, Italy
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Milpied P, Gandhi AK, Cartron G, Pasqualucci L, Tarte K, Nadel B, Roulland S. Follicular lymphoma dynamics. Adv Immunol 2021; 150:43-103. [PMID: 34176559 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ai.2021.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Follicular lymphoma (FL) is an indolent yet challenging disease. Despite a generally favorable response to immunochemotherapy regimens, a fraction of patients does not respond or relapses early with unfavorable prognosis. For the vast majority of those who initially respond, relapses will repeatedly occur with increasing refractoriness to available treatments. Addressing the clinical challenges in FL warrants deep understanding of the nature of treatment-resistant FL cells seeding relapses, and of the biological basis of early disease progression. Great progress has been made in the last decade in the description and interrogation of the (epi)genomic landscape of FL cells, of their major dependency to the tumor microenvironment (TME), and of the stepwise lymphomagenesis process, from healthy to subclinical disease and to overt FL. A new picture is emerging, in which an ever-evolving tumor-TME duo sparks a complex and multilayered clonal and functional heterogeneity, blurring the discovery of prognostic biomarkers, patient stratification and reliable designs of risk-adapted treatments. Novel technological approaches allowing to decipher both tumor and TME heterogeneity at the single-cell level are beginning to unravel unsuspected cell dynamics and plasticity of FL cells. The upcoming drawing of a comprehensive functional picture of FL within its ecosystem holds great promise to address the unmet medical needs of this complex lymphoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Milpied
- Aix Marseille University, CNRS, INSERM, CIML, Marseille, France
| | - Anita K Gandhi
- Translational Medicine, Bristol Myers Squibb, Summit, NJ, United States
| | - Guillaume Cartron
- Department of Hematology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Montpellier, UMR-CNRS 5535, Montpellier, France
| | - Laura Pasqualucci
- Pathology and Cell Biology, Institute for Cancer Genetics, Columbia University, New York City, NY, United States
| | - Karin Tarte
- INSERM U1236, Univ Rennes, EFS Bretagne, CHU Rennes, Rennes, France
| | - Bertrand Nadel
- Aix Marseille University, CNRS, INSERM, CIML, Marseille, France.
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9
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Lamaison C, Tarte K. B cell/stromal cell crosstalk in health, disease, and treatment: Follicular lymphoma as a paradigm. Immunol Rev 2021; 302:273-285. [PMID: 34060097 DOI: 10.1111/imr.12983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Revised: 05/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Stromal cells organize specific anatomic compartments within bone marrow (BM) and secondary lymphoid organs where they finely regulate the behavior of mature normal B cells. In particular, lymphoid stromal cells (LSCs) form a phenotypically heterogeneous compartment including various cell subsets variably supporting B-cell survival, activation, proliferation, and differentiation. In turn, activated B cells trigger in-depth remodeling of LSC networks within lymph nodes (LN) and BM. Follicular lymphoma (FL) is one of the best paradigms of a B-cell neoplasia depending on a specific tumor microenvironment (TME), including cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) emerging from the reprogramming of LN LSCs or poorly characterized local BM precursors. FL-CAFs support directly malignant B-cell growth and orchestrate FL permissive cell niche by contributing, through a bidirectional crosstalk, to the recruitment and polarization of immune TME subsets. Recent studies have highlighted a previously unexpected level of heterogeneity of both FL B cells and FL TME, underlined by FL-CAF plasticity. A better understanding of the signaling pathways, molecular mechanisms, and kinetic of stromal cell remodeling in FL would be useful to delineate new predictive markers and new therapeutic approaches in this still fatal malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Lamaison
- UMR_S 1236, Université Rennes 1, INSERM, Etablissement Français du Sang, Rennes, France
| | - Karin Tarte
- UMR_S 1236, Université Rennes 1, INSERM, Etablissement Français du Sang, Rennes, France.,SITI, Pôle de Biologie, CHU Pontchaillou, Rennes, France
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10
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Bassani B, Tripodo C, Portararo P, Gulino A, Botti L, Chiodoni C, Jachetti E, Bolli N, Ciciarello M, Joehrens K, Anagnostopoulos I, Na IK, Curti A, Colombo MP, Sangaletti S. CD40 Activity on Mesenchymal Cells Negatively Regulates OX40L to Maintain Bone Marrow Immune Homeostasis Under Stress Conditions. Front Immunol 2021; 12:662048. [PMID: 34084166 PMCID: PMC8168593 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.662048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Within the bone marrow (BM), mature T cells are maintained under homeostatic conditions to facilitate proper hematopoietic development. This homeostasis depends upon a peculiar elevated frequency of regulatory T cells (Tregs) and immune regulatory activities from BM-mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs). In response to BM transplantation (BMT), the conditioning regimen exposes the BM to a dramatic induction of inflammatory cytokines and causes an unbalanced T-effector (Teff) and Treg ratio. This imbalance negatively impacts hematopoiesis, particularly in regard to B-cell lymphopoiesis that requires an intact cross-talk between BM-MSCs and Tregs. The mechanisms underlying the ability of BM-MSCs to restore Treg homeostasis and proper B-cell development are currently unknown. Methods We studied the role of host radio-resistant cell-derived CD40 in restoring Teff/Treg homeostasis and proper B-cell development in a murine model of BMT. We characterized the host cellular source of CD40 and performed radiation chimera analyses by transplanting WT or Cd40-KO with WT BM in the presence of T-reg and co-infusing WT or - Cd40-KO BM-MSCs. Residual host and donor T cell expansion and activation (cytokine production) and also the expression of Treg fitness markers and conversion to Th17 were analyzed. The presence of Cd40+ BM-MSCs was analyzed in a human setting in correlation with the frequency of B-cell precursors in patients who underwent HSCT and variably developed acute graft-versus-host (aGVDH) disease. Results CD40 expression is nearly undetectable in the BM, yet a Cd40-KO recipient of WT donor chimera exhibited impaired B-cell lymphopoiesis and Treg development. Lethal irradiation promotes CD40 and OX40L expression in radio-resistant BM-MSCs through the induction of pro-inflammatory cytokines. OX40L favors Teff expansion and activation at the expense of Tregs; however, the expression of CD40 dampens OX40L expression and restores Treg homeostasis, thus facilitating proper B-cell development. Indeed, in contrast to dendritic cells in secondary lymphoid organs that require CD40 triggers to express OX40L, BM-MSCs require CD40 to inhibit OX40L expression. Conclusions CD40+ BM-MSCs are immune regulatory elements within BM. Loss of CD40 results in uncontrolled T cell activation due to a reduced number of Tregs, and B-cell development is consequently impaired. GVHD provides an example of how a loss of CD40+ BM-MSCs and a reduction in B-cell precursors may occur in a human setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Bassani
- Department of Research, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Paola Portararo
- Department of Research, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Laura Botti
- Department of Research, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Claudia Chiodoni
- Department of Research, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Elena Jachetti
- Department of Research, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Niccolò Bolli
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.,Hematology, Fondazione Cà Granda IRCCS Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Marilena Ciciarello
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine-DIMES, Institute of Hematology "Seràgnoli", Bologna, Italy
| | - Korinna Joehrens
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Institute of Pathology, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Il-Kang Na
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Tumor Immunology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany.,Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany.,Experimental and Clinical Research Center (ECRC), Berlin, Germany
| | - Antonio Curti
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine-DIMES, Institute of Hematology "Seràgnoli", Bologna, Italy
| | - Mario P Colombo
- Department of Research, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Sabina Sangaletti
- Department of Research, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori, Milan, Italy
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Role of Microenvironment in Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma: Understanding the Composition and Biology. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 26:206-216. [PMID: 32496454 DOI: 10.1097/ppo.0000000000000446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Lymphoma microenvironment is a dynamic and well-orchestrated network of various immune and stromal cells that is indispensable for tumor cell survival, growth, migration, immune escape, and drug resistance. Recent progress has enhanced our knowledge of the pivotal role of microenvironment in lymphomagenesis. Understanding the characteristics, functions, and contributions of various components of the tumor niche, along with its bidirectional interactions with tumor cells, is paramount. It offers the potential to identify new therapeutic targets with the ability to restore antitumor immune surveillance and eliminate the protumoral factors contributed by the tumor niche.
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12
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Abstract
Until recently, the nucleic acid content of platelets was considered to be fully determined by their progenitor megakaryocyte. However, it is now well understood that additional mediators (eg, cancer cells) can intervene, thereby influencing the RNA repertoire of platelets. Platelets are highly dynamic cells that are able to communicate and influence their environment. For instance, platelets have been involved in various steps of cancer development and progression by supporting tumor growth, survival, and dissemination. Cancer cells can directly and/or indirectly influence platelet RNA content, resulting in tumor-mediated "education" of platelets. Alterations in the tumor-educated platelet RNA profile have been described as a novel source of potential biomarkers. Individual platelet RNA biomarkers as well as complex RNA signatures may be used for early detection of cancer and treatment monitoring. Here, we review the RNA transfer occurring between cancer cells and platelets. We explore the potential use of platelet RNA biomarkers as a liquid biopsy biosource and discuss methods to evaluate the transcriptomic content of platelets.
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13
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McGovern KE, Nance JP, David CN, Harrison RES, Noor S, Worth D, Landrith TA, Obenaus A, Carson MJ, Morikis D, Wilson EH. SPARC coordinates extracellular matrix remodeling and efficient recruitment to and migration of antigen-specific T cells in the brain following infection. Sci Rep 2021; 11:4549. [PMID: 33633185 PMCID: PMC7907143 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-83952-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Central nervous system (CNS) injury and infection can result in profound tissue remodeling in the brain, the mechanism and purpose of which is poorly understood. Infection with the protozoan parasite Toxoplasma gondii causes chronic infection and inflammation in the brain parenchyma. Control of parasite replication requires the continuous presence of IFNγ-producing T cells to keep T. gondii in its slowly replicating cyst form. During infection, a network of extracellular matrix fibers, revealed using multiphoton microscopy, forms in the brain. The origin and composition of these structures are unknown but the fibers have been observed to act as a substrate for migrating T cells. In this study, we show a critical regulator of extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling, Secreted Protein, Acidic, Rich in Cysteine (SPARC), is upregulated in the brain during the early phases of infection in the frontal cortex. In the absence of SPARC, a reduced and disordered fibrous network, increased parasite burden, and reduced antigen-specific T cell entry into the brain points to a role for SPARC in T cell recruitment to and migration within the brain. We also report SPARC can directly bind to CCR7 ligands CCL19 and CCL21 but not CXCL10, and enhance migration toward a chemokine gradient. Measurement of T cell behavior points to tissue remodeling being important for access of immune cells to the brain and facilitating cellular locomotion. Together, these data identify SPARC as an important regulatory component of immune cell trafficking and access to the inflamed CNS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn E McGovern
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA
- BIO5 Institute, Department of Immunobiology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85724, USA
| | - J Philip Nance
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA
| | - Clément N David
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA
- Nanostring Technologies, Inc, 530 Fairview Ave N, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | - Reed E S Harrison
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, 92521-0129, USA
- UCSD Bioengineering and the Institute for Engineering in Medicine, San Diego, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Shahani Noor
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA
- School of Medicine, MSC08, University of New Mexico, Albequerque, NM, 87131, USA
| | - Danielle Worth
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA
| | - Tyler A Landrith
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA
- Ambrey Genetics, Aliso Viejo, CA, 92656, USA
| | - Andre Obenaus
- School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
| | - Monica J Carson
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA
| | - Dimitrios Morikis
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, 92521-0129, USA
| | - Emma H Wilson
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA.
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14
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Immune-Checkpoint Inhibitors in B-Cell Lymphoma. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13020214. [PMID: 33430146 PMCID: PMC7827333 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13020214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Revised: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Immune-based treatment strategies, which include immune checkpoint inhibition, have recently become a new frontier for the treatment of B-cell-derived lymphoma. Whereas checkpoint inhibition has given oncologists and patients hope in specific lymphoma subtypes like Hodgkin lymphoma, other entities do not benefit from such promising agents. Understanding the factors that determine the efficacy and safety of checkpoint inhibition in different lymphoma subtypes can lead to improved therapeutic strategies, including combinations with various chemotherapies, biologics and/or different immunologic agents with manageable safety profiles. Abstract For years, immunotherapy has been considered a viable and attractive treatment option for patients with cancer. Among the immunotherapy arsenal, the targeting of intratumoral immune cells by immune-checkpoint inhibitory agents has recently revolutionised the treatment of several subtypes of tumours. These approaches, aimed at restoring an effective antitumour immunity, rapidly reached the market thanks to the simultaneous identification of inhibitory signals that dampen an effective antitumor response in a large variety of neoplastic cells and the clinical development of monoclonal antibodies targeting checkpoint receptors. Leading therapies in solid tumours are mainly focused on the cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 (CTLA-4) and programmed death 1 (PD-1) pathways. These approaches have found a promising testing ground in both Hodgkin lymphoma and non-Hodgkin lymphoma, mainly because, in these diseases, the malignant cells interact with the immune system and commonly provide signals that regulate immune function. Although several trials have already demonstrated evidence of therapeutic activity with some checkpoint inhibitors in lymphoma, many of the immunologic lessons learned from solid tumours may not directly translate to lymphoid malignancies. In this sense, the mechanisms of effective antitumor responses are different between the different lymphoma subtypes, while the reasons for this substantial difference remain partially unknown. This review will discuss the current advances of immune-checkpoint blockade therapies in B-cell lymphoma and build a projection of how the field may evolve in the near future. In particular, we will analyse the current strategies being evaluated both preclinically and clinically, with the aim of fostering the use of immune-checkpoint inhibitors in lymphoma, including combination approaches with chemotherapeutics, biological agents and/or different immunologic therapies.
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15
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Sangaletti S, Iannelli F, Zanardi F, Cancila V, Portararo P, Botti L, Vacca D, Chiodoni C, Di Napoli A, Valenti C, Rizzello C, Vegliante MC, Pisati F, Gulino A, Ponzoni M, Colombo MP, Tripodo C. Intra-tumour heterogeneity of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma involves the induction of diversified stroma-tumour interfaces. EBioMedicine 2020; 61:103055. [PMID: 33096480 PMCID: PMC7581880 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2020.103055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Revised: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Intra-tumour heterogeneity in lymphoid malignancies encompasses selection of genetic events and epigenetic regulation of transcriptional programs. Clonal-related neoplastic cell populations are unsteadily subjected to immune editing and metabolic adaptations within different tissue microenvironments. How tissue-specific mesenchymal cells impact on the diversification of aggressive lymphoma clones is still unknown. Methods Combining in situ quantitative immunophenotypical analyses and RNA sequencing we investigated the intra-tumour heterogeneity and the specific mesenchymal modifications that are associated with A20 diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) cells seeding of different tissue microenvironments. Furthermore, we characterized features of lymphoma-associated stromatogenesis in human DLBCL samples using Digital Spatial Profiling, and established their relationship with prognostically relevant variables, such as MYC. Findings We found that the tissue microenvironment casts a relevant influence over A20 transcriptional landscape also impacting on Myc and DNA damage response programs. Extending the investigation to mice deficient for the matricellular protein SPARC, a stromal prognostic factor in human DLBCL, we demonstrated a different immune imprint on A20 cells according to stromal Sparc proficiency. Through Digital Spatial Profiling of 87 immune and stromal genes on human nodal DLBCL regions characterized by different mesenchymal composition, we demonstrate intra-lesional heterogeneity arising from diversified mesenchymal contextures and impacting on the stromal and immune milieu. Interpretation Our study provides experimental evidence that stromal microenvironment generates topological determinants of intra-tumour heterogeneity in DLBCL involving key transcriptional pathways such as Myc expression, damage response programs and immune checkpoints. Funding This study has been supported by the Italian Foundation for Cancer Research (AIRC) (grants 15999 and 22145 to C. Tripodo) and by the University of Palermo.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Biomarkers, Tumor
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Computational Biology/methods
- Disease Models, Animal
- Gene Expression Profiling/methods
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Genetic Heterogeneity
- Humans
- Immunophenotyping
- In Situ Hybridization
- Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse/genetics
- Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse/pathology
- Mice
- Models, Biological
- Phenotype
- Prognosis
- Sequence Analysis, RNA
- Stromal Cells/metabolism
- Stromal Cells/pathology
- Transcriptome
- Tumor Microenvironment/genetics
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabina Sangaletti
- Molecular Immunology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Fabio Iannelli
- Bioinformatics Core Unit, IFOM, FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, Milan, Italy
| | - Federica Zanardi
- Bioinformatics Core Unit, IFOM, FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, Milan, Italy
| | - Valeria Cancila
- Tumor Immunology Unit, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Paola Portararo
- Molecular Immunology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Laura Botti
- Molecular Immunology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Davide Vacca
- Tumor Immunology Unit, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Claudia Chiodoni
- Molecular Immunology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Arianna Di Napoli
- Pathology Unit, Sapienza University of Rome, Sant'Andrea Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Cesare Valenti
- Department of Mathematics and Informatics, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Celeste Rizzello
- Molecular Immunology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Federica Pisati
- Tumor and Microenvironment Histopathology Unit, IFOM, FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Maurilio Ponzoni
- Pathology Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Mario Paolo Colombo
- Molecular Immunology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori, Milan, Italy.
| | - Claudio Tripodo
- Tumor Immunology Unit, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy; Tumor and Microenvironment Histopathology Unit, IFOM, FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, Milan, Italy.
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16
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Tumor Microenvironment in Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma: Role and Prognosis. Anal Cell Pathol (Amst) 2019; 2019:8586354. [PMID: 31934533 PMCID: PMC6942707 DOI: 10.1155/2019/8586354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) represents 30-40% of all non-Hodgkin lymphomas (NHL) and is a disease with an aggressive behavior. Because about one-third of DLBCL patients will be refractory or resistant to standard therapy, several studies focused on identification of new individual prognostic and risk stratification biomarkers and new potential therapeutic targets. In contrast to other types of cancers like carcinomas, where tumor microenvironment was widely investigated, its role in DLBCL pathogenesis and patient survival is still poorly understood, although few studies had promising results. The composition of TME and its interaction with neoplastic cells may explain the role of several genes (beta2-microglobulin gene, CD58 gene), receptor-like programmed cell death-1 (PD-1) and its ligand (PD-L1), or other cell components (Treg) in tumor evasion of immune surveillance, resulting in tumor progression. Also, it was found that “gene expression profile” of the microenvironmental cells, the phenotype of tumor-associated macrophages (TAM), the expression of matricellular proteins like SPARC and fibronectin, the overexpression of several types of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) like MMP-2 and MMP-9, or the tissue inhibitors of matrix metalloproteinases (TIMPs) may lead to a favorable or adverse outcome. With this review, we try to highlight the influence of microenvironment components over lymphoid clone progression and their prognostic impact in DLBCL patients.
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17
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Ciavarella S, Vegliante MC, Fabbri M, De Summa S, Melle F, Motta G, De Iuliis V, Opinto G, Enjuanes A, Rega S, Gulino A, Agostinelli C, Scattone A, Tommasi S, Mangia A, Mele F, Simone G, Zito AF, Ingravallo G, Vitolo U, Chiappella A, Tarella C, Gianni AM, Rambaldi A, Zinzani PL, Casadei B, Derenzini E, Loseto G, Pileri A, Tabanelli V, Fiori S, Rivas-Delgado A, López-Guillermo A, Venesio T, Sapino A, Campo E, Tripodo C, Guarini A, Pileri SA. Dissection of DLBCL microenvironment provides a gene expression-based predictor of survival applicable to formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue. Ann Oncol 2019; 29:2363-2370. [PMID: 30307529 PMCID: PMC6311951 DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdy450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Gene expression profiling (GEP) studies recognized a prognostic role for tumor microenvironment (TME) in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), but the routinely adoption of prognostic stromal signatures remains limited. Patients and methods Here, we applied the computational method CIBERSORT to generate a 1028-gene matrix incorporating signatures of 17 immune and stromal cytotypes. Then, we carried out a deconvolution on publicly available GEP data of 482 untreated DLBCLs to reveal associations between clinical outcomes and proportions of putative tumor-infiltrating cell types. Forty-five genes related to peculiar prognostic cytotypes were selected and their expression digitally quantified by NanoString technology on a validation set of 175 formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded DLBCLs from two randomized trials. Data from an unsupervised clustering analysis were used to build a model of clustering assignment, whose prognostic value was also assessed on an independent cohort of 40 cases. All tissue samples consisted of pretreatment biopsies of advanced-stage DLBCLs treated by comparable R-CHOP/R-CHOP-like regimens. Results In silico analysis demonstrated that higher proportion of myofibroblasts (MFs), dendritic cells, and CD4+ T cells correlated with better outcomes and the expression of genes in our panel is associated with a risk of overall and progression-free survival. In a multivariate Cox model, the microenvironment genes retained high prognostic performance independently of the cell-of-origin (COO), and integration of the two prognosticators (COO + TME) improved survival prediction in both validation set and independent cohort. Moreover, the major contribution of MF-related genes to the panel and Gene Set Enrichment Analysis suggested a strong influence of extracellular matrix determinants in DLBCL biology. Conclusions Our study identified new prognostic categories of DLBCL, providing an easy-to-apply gene panel that powerfully predicts patients’ survival. Moreover, owing to its relationship with specific stromal and immune components, the panel may acquire a predictive relevance in clinical trials exploring new drugs with known impact on TME.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Ciavarella
- Hematology and Cell Therapy Unit, IRCCS-Istituto Tumori 'Giovanni Paolo II', Bari, Italy
| | - M C Vegliante
- Hematology and Cell Therapy Unit, IRCCS-Istituto Tumori 'Giovanni Paolo II', Bari, Italy
| | - M Fabbri
- Division of Diagnostic Haematopathology, European Institute of Oncology, IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - S De Summa
- Molecular Diagnostics and Pharmacogenetics Unit, IRCCS-Istituto Tumori 'Giovanni Paolo II', Bari, Italy
| | - F Melle
- Division of Diagnostic Haematopathology, European Institute of Oncology, IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - G Motta
- Division of Diagnostic Haematopathology, European Institute of Oncology, IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - V De Iuliis
- Post-graduated Medical School of Clinical Pathology, "Gabriele D'Annunzio", University of Chieti, Chieti, Italy
| | - G Opinto
- Functional Biomorphology Laboratory, IRCCS-Istituto Tumori 'Giovanni Paolo II', Bari, Italy
| | - A Enjuanes
- Unitat de Genòmica, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain; CIBERONC, Barcelona, Spain
| | - S Rega
- Pathology Department, IRCCS-Istituto Tumori 'Giovanni Paolo II', Bari, Italy
| | - A Gulino
- Tumor Immunology Unit, Dipartimento per la Promozione della Salute e Materno Infantile "G. D'Alessandro", University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - C Agostinelli
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic, and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), Bologna University School of Medicine, Bologna, Italy
| | - A Scattone
- Pathology Department, IRCCS-Istituto Tumori 'Giovanni Paolo II', Bari, Italy
| | - S Tommasi
- Molecular Diagnostics and Pharmacogenetics Unit, IRCCS-Istituto Tumori 'Giovanni Paolo II', Bari, Italy
| | - A Mangia
- Functional Biomorphology Laboratory, IRCCS-Istituto Tumori 'Giovanni Paolo II', Bari, Italy
| | - F Mele
- Pathology Department, IRCCS-Istituto Tumori 'Giovanni Paolo II', Bari, Italy
| | - G Simone
- Pathology Department, IRCCS-Istituto Tumori 'Giovanni Paolo II', Bari, Italy
| | - A F Zito
- Pathology Department, IRCCS-Istituto Tumori 'Giovanni Paolo II', Bari, Italy
| | - G Ingravallo
- Pathology Section, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation (DETO), University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy
| | - U Vitolo
- Department of Hematology, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - A Chiappella
- Department of Hematology, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - C Tarella
- Onco-Hematology Unit, European Institute of Oncology, IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - A M Gianni
- Onco-Hematology Unit, European Institute of Oncology, IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - A Rambaldi
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Azienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale Papa Giovanni XXIII, Bergamo, Italy; School of Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - P L Zinzani
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic, and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), Bologna University School of Medicine, Bologna, Italy
| | - B Casadei
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic, and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), Bologna University School of Medicine, Bologna, Italy
| | - E Derenzini
- Onco-Hematology Unit, European Institute of Oncology, IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - G Loseto
- Hematology and Cell Therapy Unit, IRCCS-Istituto Tumori 'Giovanni Paolo II', Bari, Italy
| | - A Pileri
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic, and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), Bologna University School of Medicine, Bologna, Italy
| | - V Tabanelli
- Division of Diagnostic Haematopathology, European Institute of Oncology, IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - S Fiori
- Division of Diagnostic Haematopathology, European Institute of Oncology, IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - A Rivas-Delgado
- CIBERONC, Barcelona, Spain; Hematology Department, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain; IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain
| | - A López-Guillermo
- CIBERONC, Barcelona, Spain; Hematology Department, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain; IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain
| | - T Venesio
- Pathology Department, Candiolo Cancer Institute, Turin, Italy
| | - A Sapino
- Pathology Department, Candiolo Cancer Institute, Turin, Italy
| | - E Campo
- CIBERONC, Barcelona, Spain; Haematopathology Unit, Pathology Department, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain; University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - C Tripodo
- Pathology Department, IRCCS-Istituto Tumori 'Giovanni Paolo II', Bari, Italy
| | - A Guarini
- Hematology and Cell Therapy Unit, IRCCS-Istituto Tumori 'Giovanni Paolo II', Bari, Italy
| | - S A Pileri
- Division of Diagnostic Haematopathology, European Institute of Oncology, IRCCS, Milan, Italy.
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18
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Lamaison C, Tarte K. Impact of B cell/lymphoid stromal cell crosstalk in B-cell physiology and malignancy. Immunol Lett 2019; 215:12-18. [DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2019.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2019] [Revised: 02/25/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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19
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Riley HJ, Bradshaw AD. The Influence of the Extracellular Matrix in Inflammation: Findings from the SPARC-Null Mouse. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2019; 303:1624-1629. [PMID: 30980479 DOI: 10.1002/ar.24133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2018] [Revised: 09/26/2018] [Accepted: 10/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Matricellular proteins are secreted proteins that, among other functions, can contribute to extracellular matrix (ECM) assembly including modulation of cell:ECM interactions. Recent discoveries have indicated a fundamental role for the ECM in the regulation of inflammatory responses including cell extravasation and recruitment, immune cell differentiation, polarization, activation, and retention in tissues. Secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine (SPARC) is a matricellular collagen-binding protein implicated in fibrillar collagen assembly in the ECM of connective tissue as well as in basal lamina organization. Functions of SPARC in modulating cell adhesion events are also reported. Studies of phenotypic responses observed in SPARC-null mice to a variety of injury models have yielded interesting insight into the functional importance of SPARC production and aberrations in ECM structure that occur in the absence of SPARC that influence immune cell behavior and inflammatory pathways. In this review, we will discuss several examples from different tissues in which SPARC-null mice exhibited an inflammatory response distinct from those of SPARC expressing mice and provide insight into novel ECM-dependent mechanisms that influence these responses. Anat Rec, 2019. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah J Riley
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Amy D Bradshaw
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
- Ralph H. Johnson Department of Veteran's Affairs Medical Center, Charleston, South Carolina
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20
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Fu JF, Yen TH, Huang YJ, Shih LY. Ets1 Plays a Critical Role in MLL/EB1-Mediated Leukemic Transformation in a Mouse Bone Marrow Transplantation Model. Neoplasia 2019; 21:469-481. [PMID: 30974389 PMCID: PMC6458341 DOI: 10.1016/j.neo.2019.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2019] [Revised: 03/07/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Leukemogenic potential of MLL fusion with the coiled-coil domain-containing partner genes and the downstream target genes of this type of MLL fusion have not been clearly investigated. In this study, we demonstrated that the coiled-coil–four-helix bundle structure of EB1 that participated in the MLL/EB1 was required for immortalizing mouse bone marrow (BM) cells and producing myeloid, but not lymphoid, cell lines. Compared to MLL/AF10, MLL/EB1 had low leukemogenic ability. The MLL/EB1 cells grew more slowly owing to increased apoptosis in vitro and induced acute monocytic leukemia with an incomplete penetrance and longer survival in vivo. A comparative analysis of transcriptome profiling between MLL/EB1 and MLL/AF10 cell lines revealed that there was an at least two-fold difference in the induction of 318 genes; overall, 51.3% (163/318) of the genes were known to be bound by MLL, while 15.4% (49/318) were bound by both MLL and MLL/AF9. Analysis of the 318 genes using Gene Ontology–PANTHER overrepresentation test revealed significant differences in several biological processes, including cell differentiation, proliferation/programmed cell death, and cell homing/recruitment. The Ets1 gene, bound by MLL and MLL/AF9, was involved in several biological processes. We demonstrated that Ets1 was selectively upregulated by MLL/EB1. Short hairpin RNA knockdown of Ets1 in MLL/EB1 cells reduced the expression of CD115, apoptosis rate, competitive engraftment to BM and spleen, and incidence of leukemia and prolonged the survival of the diseased mice. Our results demonstrated that MLL/EB1 upregulated Ets1, which controlled the balance of leukemia cells between apoptosis and BM engraftment/clonal expansion. Novelty and impact of this study The leukemogenic potential of MLL fusion with cytoplasmic proteins containing coiled-coil dimerization domains and the downstream target genes of this type of MLL fusion remain largely unknown. Using a retroviral transduction/transplantation mouse model, we demonstrated that MLL fusion with the coiled-coil–four-helix bundle structure of EB1 has low leukemogenic ability; Ets1, which is upregulated by MLL/EB1, plays a critical role in leukemic transformation by balance between apoptosis and BM engraftment/clonal expansion.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Apoptosis
- Bone Marrow Transplantation
- Cell Differentiation
- Cell Proliferation
- Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/genetics
- Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/metabolism
- Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/pathology
- Disease Models, Animal
- Gene Expression Profiling
- Gene Expression Regulation, Leukemic
- Histone-Lysine N-Methyltransferase/genetics
- Histone-Lysine N-Methyltransferase/metabolism
- Leukemia, Experimental/genetics
- Leukemia, Experimental/metabolism
- Leukemia, Experimental/pathology
- Leukemia, Monocytic, Acute/genetics
- Leukemia, Monocytic, Acute/metabolism
- Leukemia, Monocytic, Acute/pathology
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Microtubule-Associated Proteins/genetics
- Microtubule-Associated Proteins/metabolism
- Myeloid-Lymphoid Leukemia Protein/genetics
- Myeloid-Lymphoid Leukemia Protein/metabolism
- NIH 3T3 Cells
- Oncogene Proteins, Fusion
- Proto-Oncogene Protein c-ets-1/genetics
- Proto-Oncogene Protein c-ets-1/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Jen-Fen Fu
- Department of Medical Research, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, and Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
| | - Tzung-Hai Yen
- Department of Nephrology and Poison Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Jung Huang
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Lee-Yung Shih
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW In addition to the recent progresses in the description of the genetic landscape of B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphomas, tumor microenvironment has progressively emerged as a central determinant of early lymphomagenesis, subclonal evolution, drug resistance, and late progression/transformation. The purpose of this review is to outline the most recent findings regarding malignant B-cell niche composition and organization supporting direct and indirect tumor-promoting functions of lymphoma microenvironment. RECENT FINDINGS Lymphoma supportive niche integrates a dynamic and orchestrated network of immune and stromal cell subsets producing, with a high level of spatial and kinetic heterogeneity, extracellular and membrane factors regulating tumor migration, survival, proliferation, immune escape, as well as tumor microarchitecture, and mechanical constraints. Some recent insights have improved our understanding of these various components of lymphoma microenvironment, taking into account the mechanisms underlying the coevolution of malignant and nonmalignant cells within the tumor niche. SUMMARY Deciphering tumor niche characteristics, functions, and origin could offer new therapeutic opportunities through the targeting of pivotal cellular and molecular components of the supportive microenvironment, favoring immune cell reactivation and infiltration, and/or limiting tumor retention within this protective niche.
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22
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Costa S, Bevilacqua D, Cassatella MA, Scapini P. Recent advances on the crosstalk between neutrophils and B or T lymphocytes. Immunology 2018; 156:23-32. [PMID: 30259972 DOI: 10.1111/imm.13005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2018] [Revised: 09/12/2018] [Accepted: 09/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
An increasing body of literature supports a role for neutrophils as players in the orchestration of adaptive immunity. During acute and chronic inflammatory conditions, neutrophils rapidly migrate not only to sites of inflammation, but also to draining lymph nodes and spleen, where they engage bidirectional interactions with B- and T-lymphocyte subsets. Accordingly, a relevant role of neutrophils in modulating B-cell responses under homeostatic conditions has recently emerged. Moreover, specialized immunoregulatory properties towards B or T cells acquired by distinct neutrophil populations, originating under pathological conditions, have been consistently described. In this article, we summarize the most recent data from human studies and murine models on the ability of neutrophils to modulate adaptive immune responses under physiological and pathological conditions and the mechanisms behind these processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Costa
- Department of Medicine, Section of General Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Dalila Bevilacqua
- Department of Medicine, Section of General Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Marco A Cassatella
- Department of Medicine, Section of General Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Patrizia Scapini
- Department of Medicine, Section of General Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
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23
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Sangaletti S, Chiodoni C, Tripodo C, Colombo MP. Common extracellular matrix regulation of myeloid cell activity in the bone marrow and tumor microenvironments. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2017; 66:1059-1067. [PMID: 28501940 PMCID: PMC11029001 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-017-2014-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2016] [Accepted: 05/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The complex interaction between cells undergoing transformation and the various stromal and immunological cell components of the tumor microenvironment (TME) crucially influences cancer progression and diversification, as well as endowing clinical and prognostic significance. The immunosuppression characterizing the TME depends on the recruitment and activation of different cell types including regulatory T cells, myeloid-derived suppressor cells, and tumor-associated macrophages. Less considered is the non-cellular component of the TME. Here, we focus on the extracellular matrix (ECM) regulatory activities that, within the TME, actively contribute to many aspects of tumor progression, acting on both tumor and immune cells. Particularly, ECM-mediated regulation of tumor-associated immunosuppression occurs through the modulation of myeloid cell expansion, localization, and functional activities. Such regulation is not limited to the TME but occurs also within the bone marrow, wherein matricellular proteins contribute to the maintenance of specialized hematopoietic stem cell niches thereby regulating their homeostasis as well as the generation and expansion of myeloid cells under both physiological and pathological conditions. Highlighting the commonalities among ECM-myeloid cell interactions in bone marrow and TME, in this review we present a picture in which myeloid cells might sense and respond to ECM modifications, providing different ECM-myeloid cell interfaces that may be useful to define prognostic groups and to tailor therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabina Sangaletti
- Molecular Immunology Unit, Department of Experimental Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Via Amadeo, 42, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Claudia Chiodoni
- Molecular Immunology Unit, Department of Experimental Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Via Amadeo, 42, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Claudio Tripodo
- Tumor Immunology Unit, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Mario P Colombo
- Molecular Immunology Unit, Department of Experimental Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Via Amadeo, 42, 20133, Milan, Italy.
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24
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Sangaletti S, Chiodoni C, Tripodo C, Colombo MP. The good and bad of targeting cancer-associated extracellular matrix. Curr Opin Pharmacol 2017; 35:75-82. [PMID: 28734136 DOI: 10.1016/j.coph.2017.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2017] [Revised: 06/28/2017] [Accepted: 06/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The maintenance of tissue homeostasis requires extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling. Immune cells actively participate in regenerating damaged tissues contributing to ECM deposition and shaping. Dysregulated ECM deposition characterizes fibrotic diseases and cancer stromatogenesis, where a chronic inflammatory state sustains the ECM increase. In cancer, the ECM fosters several steps of tumor progression, providing pro-survival and proliferative signals, promoting tumor cell dissemination via collagen fibers or acting as a barrier to impede drug diffusion. Interfering with processes leading to chronic ECM deposition, as occurring in cancer, might allow the simultaneous targeting of both primary tumors and metastatic lesions. However, a note of caution comes from data showing that defective ECM deposition is associated with an exacerbated inflammatory and autoimmune phenotype and to lymphomagenesis. Immune cells display ITIM-inhibitory receptors recognizing collagens as counter ligands, which negatively regulate the immune response. This is in line with the idea that ECM components can provide homeostatic signals to immune cells to regulate and prevent unwanted activation, a concept particularly relevant in cancer where these mechanisms could be in place to keep infiltrating immune cells in a suppressive pro-tumoral state. In this context, the pharmacological targeting of myeloid cells, for which both direct and indirect roles in ECM deposition have been shown, can be a relevant option to this purpose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabina Sangaletti
- Molecular Immunology Unit, Department of Experimental Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milano, Italy.
| | - Claudia Chiodoni
- Molecular Immunology Unit, Department of Experimental Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milano, Italy
| | - Claudio Tripodo
- Tumor Immunology Unit, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Mario P Colombo
- Molecular Immunology Unit, Department of Experimental Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milano, Italy.
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25
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IL-4/CXCL12 loop is a key regulator of lymphoid stroma function in follicular lymphoma. Blood 2017; 129:2507-2518. [DOI: 10.1182/blood-2016-08-737239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2016] [Accepted: 02/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Key Points
FL-infiltrating stromal cells overexpress CXCL12, which triggers FL B-cell migration, adhesion, and activation. Polarization into CXCL12hi stroma involves IL-4+ TFH cells, unlike malignant B cells, revealing an indirect protumoral activity of FL-TFH cells.
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26
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Laginestra MA, Tripodo C, Agostinelli C, Motta G, Hartmann S, Döring C, Rossi M, Melle F, Sapienza MR, Tabanelli V, Pileri A, Fuligni F, Gazzola A, Mannu C, Sagramoso CA, Lonardi S, Lorenzi L, Bacci F, Sabattini E, Borges A, Simonitsch-Klupp I, Cabecadas J, Campo E, Rosai J, Hansmann ML, Facchetti F, Pileri SA. Distinctive Histogenesis and Immunological Microenvironment Based on Transcriptional Profiles of Follicular Dendritic Cell Sarcomas. Mol Cancer Res 2017; 15:541-552. [DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-16-0301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2016] [Revised: 12/02/2016] [Accepted: 12/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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27
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Wong SLI, Sukkar MB. The SPARC protein: an overview of its role in lung cancer and pulmonary fibrosis and its potential role in chronic airways disease. Br J Pharmacol 2016; 174:3-14. [PMID: 27759879 DOI: 10.1111/bph.13653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2015] [Revised: 10/05/2016] [Accepted: 10/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The SPARC (secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine) protein is matricellular molecule regulating interactions between cells and their surrounding extracellular matrix (ECM). This protein thus governs fundamental cellular functions such as cell adhesion, proliferation and differentiation. SPARC also regulates the expression and activity of numerous growth factors and matrix metalloproteinases essential for ECM degradation and turnover. Studies in SPARC-null mice have revealed a critical role for SPARC in tissue development, injury and repair and in the regulation of the immune response. In the lung, SPARC drives pathological responses in non-small cell lung cancer and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis by promoting microvascular remodelling and excessive deposition of ECM proteins. Remarkably, although chronic airway conditions such as asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) involve significant remodelling in both the airway and vascular compartments, the role of SPARC in these conditions has thus far been overlooked. In this review, we discuss the role of SPARC in lung cancer and pulmonary fibrosis, as well as potential mechanisms by which it may contribute to the disease process in asthma and COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharon L I Wong
- Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, The University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, Australia
| | - Maria B Sukkar
- Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, The University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, Australia
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28
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He M, Chen K, Li S, Zhang S, Zheng J, Hu X, Gao L, Chen J, Song X, Zhang W, Wang J, Yang J. Clinical Significance of "Double-hit" and "Double-protein" expression in Primary Gastric B-cell Lymphomas. J Cancer 2016; 7:1215-25. [PMID: 27390596 PMCID: PMC4934029 DOI: 10.7150/jca.15395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2016] [Accepted: 04/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Primary gastric B-cell lymphoma is the second most common malignancy of the stomach. There are many controversial issues about its diagnosis, treatment and clinical management. “Double-hit” and “double-protein” involving gene rearrangement and protein expression of c-Myc and bcl2/bcl6 are the most used terms to describe DLBCL poor prognostic factors in recent years. However, very little is known about the role of these prognostic factors in primary gastric B-cell lymphomas. This study aims to obtain a molecular pathology prognostic model of gastric B-cell lymphoma for clinical stratified management by evaluating how the “double-hit” and “double-protein” in tumor cells as well as microenvironmental reaction of tumor stromal tissue affect clinical outcome in primary gastric B-cell lymphomas. METHODS: Data and tissues of 188 cases diagnosed with gastric B-cell lymphomas were used in this study. Tumor tissue microarray (TMA) of formalin fixed and paraffin embedded (FFPE) tissues was constructed for fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and immunohistochemistry (IHC) analysis with a serial of biomarkers containing MYC, BCL2, BCL6, CD31, SPARC, CD10, MUM1 and Ki-67. Modeled period analysis was used to estimate 3-year and 5-year overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) distributions. RESULTS: There was no definite “double-hit” case though the gene rearrangement of c-Myc (5.9%), bcl2 (0.1%) and bcl6 (7.4%) was found in gastric B-cell lymphomas. The gene amplification or copy gains of c-Myc (10.1%), bcl-2 (17.0%) and bcl-6 (0.9%) were present in these lymphomas. There were 12 cases of the lymphomas with the “double-protein” expression of MYC and BCL2/BCL6. All patients with “double-protein” gastric B-cell lymphomas had poor outcome compared with those without. More importantly, “MYC-BCL2-BCL6” negative group of gastric B-cell lymphoma patients had favorable clinical outcome regardless clinical stage, pathological types and therapeutic modalities. And the similar better prognosis was found in the cases with low microvessel density (MVD) in tumor tissue and high expression of SPARC (SPARC≥5%) in stromal cells. CONCLUSIONS: “Double-hit” lymphoma was rare among primary gastric lymphoma, while patients with multiple gene amplification and/or copy gains of c-Myc, bcl2 and bcl6, and “double-protein” gastric B-cell lymphomas had a poor clinical outcome. In addition, patients with MYC, BCL2 and BCL6 expression negative or low MVD in tumor tissue with high expression of SPARC in stromal cells could have better prognosis than other gastric B-cell lymphomas regardless of their clinical stage and pathological types. These results would be of very importance for clinical stratified management and precision medicine of gastric B-cell lymphomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miaoxia He
- 1. Department of Pathology, Changhai Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, CHINA; 2. Molecular Pathology, Cellular & Molecular Pathology Branch, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - Keting Chen
- 3. Department of Hematology, Changhai Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, University, Shanghai 200433, CHINA
| | - Suhong Li
- 4. Department of Pathology, Children Hospital and Women Health Center of Shanxi, Taiyuan 030013, CHINA
| | - Shimin Zhang
- 5. Division of Molecular Pathology, Joint Pathology Center, Washington, DC 20817, USA
| | - Jianming Zheng
- 1. Department of Pathology, Changhai Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, CHINA
| | - Xiaoxia Hu
- 3. Department of Hematology, Changhai Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, University, Shanghai 200433, CHINA
| | - Lei Gao
- 3. Department of Hematology, Changhai Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, University, Shanghai 200433, CHINA
| | - Jie Chen
- 3. Department of Hematology, Changhai Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, University, Shanghai 200433, CHINA
| | - Xianmin Song
- 3. Department of Hematology, Changhai Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, University, Shanghai 200433, CHINA
| | - Weiping Zhang
- 3. Department of Hematology, Changhai Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, University, Shanghai 200433, CHINA
| | - Jianmin Wang
- 3. Department of Hematology, Changhai Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, University, Shanghai 200433, CHINA
| | - Jianmin Yang
- 3. Department of Hematology, Changhai Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, University, Shanghai 200433, CHINA
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29
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Carroll V, Garzino-Demo A. HIV-associated lymphoma in the era of combination antiretroviral therapy: shifting the immunological landscape. Pathog Dis 2015; 73:ftv044. [PMID: 26121984 DOI: 10.1093/femspd/ftv044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
HIV infection increases the risk of many types of cancer, including lymphoma. Combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) has reduced, but not eliminated, the risk of HIV-associated lymphoma. There has been a substantial shift in the subtypes of lymphoma observed in HIV-infected patients treated with cART. In this review, we will first outline these changes based on epidemiological studies and describe the impact of cART on lymphoma risk and mortality. Then, we will discuss some immunological factors that may contribute to the increased risk of lymphoma persisting after the administration of cART, including immunological non-response to therapy, chronic B-cell activation and dysfunction, T follicular helper cells, natural killer cells and altered lymphopoiesis. A better understanding of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of HIV-associated lymphoma under effective cART will inform future treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virginia Carroll
- Institute of Human Virology, and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201-1009, USA
| | - Alfredo Garzino-Demo
- Institute of Human Virology, and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201-1009, USA Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, Padova 35121, Italy
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