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Huang W, Han G, Taylor BD, Neal G, Kochan K, Page RL. Maternal peripheral blood telomere length and preterm birth in African American women: a pilot study. Arch Gynecol Obstet 2024:10.1007/s00404-024-07681-1. [PMID: 39141123 DOI: 10.1007/s00404-024-07681-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2024] [Accepted: 07/30/2024] [Indexed: 08/15/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed to explore the association between preterm birth and telomere length of maternal peripheral blood in African American women. METHODS 78 African American women were recruited for this study between 2018 and 2023 from 2 prenatal clinics in central and east Texas. Participants provided blood samples and completed clinic questionnaires, with clinical data collected from their post-delivery medical records. Telomere length was measured using monochrome multiplex quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Linear regression and multinomial logistic regression were used to analyze the association between telomere length and gestational length. Kruskal-Wallis's test and Fisher's exact test were used to compare preterm birth, early-term birth and full-term birth by telomere length, social-demographic characteristics, stress and discrimination. RESULTS The rates of preterm birth was higher in pregnant women with shorter telomeres. After adjusting for confounders, for every 10-units increase in the relative telomere-to-single-copy gene (T/S) ratio, gestational days increased by 1.090 days (90% CI 0.182, 1.997), and for every 10-units decrease in the T/S ratio, the odds of preterm birth was 2.664 (90% CI 1.064, 6.673) times greater than the odds of full-term birth. No statistically significant associations were observed between stress, discrimination, and either preterm birth or telomere length. CONCLUSIONS Maternal peripheral blood telomere shortening is associated with preterm birth, providing support to further explore the clinical utility of maternal telomere testing for prediction and early intervention of preterm birth and the study of biological mechanisms of spontaneous preterm birth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiyi Huang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Texas A &M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Gang Han
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Texas A &M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Brandie DePaoli Taylor
- Division of Basic Science and Translational Research, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Gabriel Neal
- Department of Primary Care and Rural Medicine, Texas A &M School of Medicine, Bryan, TX, USA
| | - Kelli Kochan
- Institute for Genome Science and Society, Texas A &M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Robin L Page
- School of Nursing, Texas A &M University, College Station, TX, USA.
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Draelos Z, Bogdanowicz P, Saurat JH. Top weapons in skin aging and actives to target the consequences of skin cell senescence. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2024; 38 Suppl 4:15-22. [PMID: 38881445 DOI: 10.1111/jdv.19648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
Skin aging has long been considered a purely cosmetic problem. However, as life expectancy increases, skin aging is taking on a functional dimension that goes beyond cosmetics and appearance. Preventive or therapeutic strategies are needed to target cellular senescence, a key process underlying the alterations in skin function and appearance that occur with aging, as well as to address the age-related skin changes associated with 'dermatoporosis' and chronic skin insufficiency/fragility syndrome. Thus, given the need for effective anti-aging products that improve both the appearance and function of the skin, it is essential to distinguish active ingredients that have been proven to be effective, among the large number of available over-the-counter cosmeceuticals. This brief review focuses on a core group of topical actives, describing their clinical effects on senescence and aging, and their molecular mechanisms of action. These actives include hyaluronic acid, which has hydrating and viscoelastic properties and has been shown to reduce skin atrophy; retinaldehyde, which activates retinoid receptors and increases cutaneous elasticity; vitamins C and E, which provide stable oxidative protection; and niacinamide, which reduces inflammation and mitigates the effects of senescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Draelos
- Dermatology Consulting Services, PLLC, Department of dermatology Duke University School of Medicine, High Point, North Carolina, USA
| | - P Bogdanowicz
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Research, Pierre Fabre Dermo-Cosmétique, Toulouse, France
| | - J-H Saurat
- University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
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Ghazali NI, Mohd Rais RZ, Makpol S, Chin KY, Yap WN, Goon JA. Effects of tocotrienol on aging skin: A systematic review. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:1006198. [PMID: 36299879 PMCID: PMC9588953 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1006198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The skin is the largest organ of the body that protects from mechanical, thermal, and physical injury. However, the function and appearance of skin visibly degenerates with age due to its frequent exposure to harmful effects of the environment, including ultraviolet irradiation and hazardous substances, in addition to the progression of oxidative stress in aging. These factors result in phenotypic changes in the skin, including wrinkling, pigmentation, reduced elasticity, and hydration during aging. Many natural antioxidant compounds have been studied extensively to reverse the signs of aging skin. Tocotrienols are a subfamily of vitamin E with potent antioxidant activity. Therefore, supplementation with vitamin E in the form of tocotrienol may efficiently protect skin from aging. In this review, the effects of tocotrienol on skin health, including pigmentation, moisture, and wrinkles during aging and UV exposure, were systematically evaluated based on a literature search of the PubMed and Scopus databases. The present data showed that tocotrienols protect the skin from inflammation, UV radiation and melanin accumulation. As the therapeutic value of tocotrienols grows, the potential of these vitamin E analogs to the skin requires further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nur Izyani Ghazali
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | | | - Suzana Makpol
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Kok Yong Chin
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Wei Ney Yap
- Research and Development Department, Davos Life Science, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jo Aan Goon
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- *Correspondence: Jo Aan Goon,
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Phillippe M. Telomeres, oxidative stress, and timing for spontaneous term and preterm labor. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2022; 227:148-162. [PMID: 35460626 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2022.04.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Revised: 04/03/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Telomeres are nucleoprotein complexes located at the distal ends of chromosomes. In adults, progressive telomere shortening occurs throughout the lifetime and is thought to contribute to progressive aging, physiological senescence, multiorgan dysfunction, and ultimately, death. As discussed in this review, multiple lines of evidence provide support for the biological plausibility that a telomere-based clock mechanism also determines the length of gestation, leading to the onset of labor (parturition). After telomere expansion at the beginning of pregnancy, the telomere lengths in the gestational tissues (ie, the placenta and fetal membranes) progressively shorten throughout the remainder of pregnancy. The rate of telomere shortening can be accelerated by conditions that affect the mother and result in oxidative stress. Preterm births in the United States are associated with multiple risk factors that are linked with increased oxidative stress. Antioxidant vitamins (ie, vitamins E and C) mitigate the effects of oxidative stress and delay or prevent telomere shortening. Clinical trials with vitamins E and C and with multivitamins started during the periconception period have been associated with reduced rates of preterm births. In the United States, African-American women have a 2-3-fold higher rate of preterm birth. African-American women have multiple risk factors for premature birth, all of which are distinct and potentially additive with regard to epigenetic telomere shortening. The "weathering effect" is the hypothesis to explain the increased rates of chronic illness, disabilities, and early death observed in African-Americans. With regard to pregnancy, accelerated weathering with the associated telomere shortening in the gestational tissues would not only explain the preterm birth disparity but could also explain why highly educated, affluent African-American women continue to have an increased rate of preterm birth. These studies suggest that the racial disparities in preterm birth are potentially mediated by telomere shortening produced by lifetime or even generational exposure to the effects of systemic racism and socioeconomic marginalization. In conclusion, this review presents multiple lines of evidence supporting a novel hypothesis regarding the biological clock mechanism that determines the length of pregnancy, and it opens the possibility of new approaches to prevent or reduce the rate of spontaneous preterm birth.
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Biffi G, Tuveson DA. Diversity and Biology of Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts. Physiol Rev 2021; 101:147-176. [PMID: 32466724 PMCID: PMC7864232 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00048.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 556] [Impact Index Per Article: 185.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2019] [Revised: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Efforts to develop anti-cancer therapies have largely focused on targeting the epithelial compartment, despite the presence of non-neoplastic stromal components that substantially contribute to the progression of the tumor. Indeed, cancer cell survival, growth, migration, and even dormancy are influenced by the surrounding tumor microenvironment (TME). Within the TME, cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) have been shown to play several roles in the development of a tumor. They secrete growth factors, inflammatory ligands, and extracellular matrix proteins that promote cancer cell proliferation, therapy resistance, and immune exclusion. However, recent work indicates that CAFs may also restrain tumor progression in some circumstances. In this review, we summarize the body of work on CAFs, with a particular focus on the most recent discoveries about fibroblast heterogeneity, plasticity, and functions. We also highlight the commonalities of fibroblasts present across different cancer types, and in normal and inflammatory states. Finally, we present the latest advances regarding therapeutic strategies targeting CAFs that are undergoing preclinical and clinical evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Biffi
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, New York; Lustgarten Foundation Pancreatic Cancer Research Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, New York; and Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - David A Tuveson
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, New York; Lustgarten Foundation Pancreatic Cancer Research Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, New York; and Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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Zannas AS, Kosyk O, Leung CS. Prolonged Glucocorticoid Exposure Does Not Accelerate Telomere Shortening in Cultured Human Fibroblasts. Genes (Basel) 2020; 11:genes11121425. [PMID: 33261163 PMCID: PMC7760010 DOI: 10.3390/genes11121425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Psychosocial stress, especially when chronic or excessive, can increase disease risk and accelerate biological aging. Although the underlying mechanisms are unclear, in vivo studies have associated exposure to stress and glucocorticoid stress hormones with shorter telomere length. However, the extent to which prolonged glucocorticoid exposure can shorten telomeres in controlled experimental settings remains unknown. Using a well-characterized cell line of human fibroblasts that undergo gradual telomere shortening during serial passaging in culture, we show that prolonged exposure (up to 51 days) to either naturalistic levels of the human endogenous glucocorticoid cortisol or the more potent synthetic glucocorticoid dexamethasone is not sufficient to accelerate telomere shortening. While our findings await extension in other cell types and biological contexts, they indicate that the in vivo association of psychosocial stress with telomere shortening is unlikely to be mediated by a direct and universal glucocorticoid effect on telomere length.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony S. Zannas
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; (O.K.); (C.L.)
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27514, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
- Carolina Stress Initiative, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC 27514, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-(919)962-4918
| | - Oksana Kosyk
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; (O.K.); (C.L.)
| | - Calvin S. Leung
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; (O.K.); (C.L.)
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Gao J, Huang T, Li J, Guo X, Xiao H, Gu J, Tang J, Cai W, Li D. Beneficial Effects of n-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids on Offspring's Pancreas of Gestational Diabetes Rats. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2019; 67:13269-13281. [PMID: 31725275 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b05739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We studied the long-term influence of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) on the pancreas of offspring and the effect of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs) on offspring's pancreas. GDM offspring were divided into three groups: GDM offspring, n-3 PUFA-adequate-GDM offspring, and n-3 PUFA-deficient GDM offspring. All healthy and GDM offspring were fed up to 11 months old. The pancreas of GDM offspring exhibited fatty infiltration at 11 months old, whereas n-3 PUFA improved the pancreatic fatty infiltration. n-3 PUFA lowered the pancreatic oxidative stress and inflammation. Surprisingly, n-3 PUFA postponed pancreatic telomere shortening of GDM offspring at old age. Nontargeted metabolomics showed that many metabolites were altered in the pancreas of GDM offspring at old age, including l-valine, ceramide, acylcarnitines, tocotrienol, cholesteryl acetate, and biotin. n-3 PUFA modulated some altered metabolites and metabolic pathways. Therefore, GDM caused the long-term effects on offspring's pancreas, whereas n-3 PUFA played a beneficial role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinlong Gao
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition , Zhejiang University , 866 Yuhangtang Road , Hangzhou 310058 , China
| | - Tao Huang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics , Peking University , 5 Yiheyuan Road , Beijing 100871 , China
| | - Jiaomei Li
- Institute of Nutrition and Health , Qingdao University , 308 Ningxia Road , Qingdao 266071 , China
| | - Xiaofei Guo
- Institute of Nutrition and Health , Qingdao University , 308 Ningxia Road , Qingdao 266071 , China
| | - Hailong Xiao
- Department of Food Inspection , Hangzhou Institute for Food and Drug Control , 198 Yonghua Street , Hangzhou 310022 , China
| | - Jiaojiao Gu
- School of Nursing , Zhejiang Chinese Medical University , 548 Binwen Road , Hangzhou 310053 , China
| | - Jun Tang
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition , Zhejiang University , 866 Yuhangtang Road , Hangzhou 310058 , China
| | - Wenwen Cai
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition , Zhejiang University , 866 Yuhangtang Road , Hangzhou 310058 , China
| | - Duo Li
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition , Zhejiang University , 866 Yuhangtang Road , Hangzhou 310058 , China
- Institute of Nutrition and Health , Qingdao University , 308 Ningxia Road , Qingdao 266071 , China
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Anitha A, Thanseem I, Vasu MM, Viswambharan V, Poovathinal SA. Telomeres in neurological disorders. Adv Clin Chem 2019; 90:81-132. [PMID: 31122612 DOI: 10.1016/bs.acc.2019.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Ever since their discovery, the telomeres and the telomerase have been topics of intensive research, first as a mechanism of cellular aging and later as an indicator of health and diseases in humans. By protecting the chromosome ends, the telomeres play a vital role in preserving the information in our genome. Telomeres shorten with age and the rate of telomere erosion provides insight into the proliferation history of cells. The pace of telomere attrition is known to increase at the onset of several pathological conditions. Telomere shortening has been emerging as a potential contributor in the pathogenesis of several neurological disorders including autism spectrum disorders (ASD), schizophrenia, Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD) and depression. The rate of telomere attrition in the brain is slower than that of other tissues owing to the low rate of cell proliferation in brain. Telomere maintenance is crucial for the functioning of stem cells in brain. Taking together the studies on telomere attrition in various neurological disorders, an association between telomere shortening and disease status has been demonstrated in schizophrenia, AD and depression, in spite of a few negative reports. But, studies in ASD and PD have failed to produce conclusive results. The cause-effect relationship between TL and neurological disorders is yet to be elucidated. The factors responsible for telomere erosion, which have also been implicated in the pathogenesis of neurological disorders, need to be explored in detail. Telomerase activation is now being considered as a potential therapeutic strategy for neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayyappan Anitha
- Institute for Communicative and Cognitive Neurosciences (ICCONS), Palakkad, Kerala, India.
| | - Ismail Thanseem
- Institute for Communicative and Cognitive Neurosciences (ICCONS), Palakkad, Kerala, India
| | - Mahesh Mundalil Vasu
- Institute for Communicative and Cognitive Neurosciences (ICCONS), Palakkad, Kerala, India
| | - Vijitha Viswambharan
- Institute for Communicative and Cognitive Neurosciences (ICCONS), Palakkad, Kerala, India
| | - Suresh A Poovathinal
- Institute for Communicative and Cognitive Neurosciences (ICCONS), Palakkad, Kerala, India
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Proteomic profiling of senescent human diploid fibroblasts treated with gamma-tocotrienol. Altern Ther Health Med 2018; 18:314. [PMID: 30497457 PMCID: PMC6267793 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-018-2383-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2018] [Accepted: 11/22/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Replicative senescence of human diploid fibroblasts (HDFs) has been used as a model to study mechanisms of cellular aging. Gamma-tocotrienol (γT3) is one of the members of vitamin E family which has been shown to increase proliferation of senescent HDFs. However, the modulation of protein expressions by γT3 in senescent HDFs remains to be elucidated. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) in young and senescent HDFs; and in vehicle- and γT3-treated senescent HDFs using label-free quantitative proteomics. METHODS Whole proteins were extracted and digested in-gel with trypsin. Peptides were detected by Orbitrap liquid chromatography mass spectrometry. Mass spectra were identified and quantitated by MaxQuant software. The data were further filtered and analyzed statistically using Perseus software to identify DEPs. Functional annotations of DEPs were performed using Panther Classification System. RESULTS A total of 1217 proteins were identified in young and senescent cells, while 1218 proteins in vehicle- and γT3-treated senescent cells. 11 DEPs were found in young and senescent cells which included downregulation of platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) receptor beta and upregulation of tubulin beta-2A chain protein expressions in senescent cells. 51 DEPs were identified in vehicle- and γT3-treated senescent cells which included upregulation of 70 kDa heat shock protein, triosephosphate isomerase and malate dehydrogenase protein expressions in γT3-treated senescent cells. CONCLUSIONS PDGF signaling and cytoskeletal structure may be dysregulated in senescent HDFs. The pro-proliferative effect of γT3 on senescent HDFs may be mediated through the stimulation of cellular response to stress and carbohydrate metabolism. The expressions and roles of these proteins in relation to cellular senescence are worth further investigations. Data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD009933.
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Parolini M, Khoriauli L, Possenti CD, Colombo G, Caprioli M, Santagostino M, Nergadze SG, Milzani A, Giulotto E, Saino N. Yolk vitamin E prevents oxidative damage in gull hatchlings. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2017; 4:170098. [PMID: 28573018 PMCID: PMC5451819 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.170098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2017] [Accepted: 05/04/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative stress experienced during early development can negatively affect diverse life-history traits, and organisms have evolved complex defence systems against its detrimental effects. Bird eggs contain maternally derived exogenous antioxidants that play a major role in embryo protection from oxidative damage, including the negative effects on telomere dynamics. In this study on the yellow-legged gull (Larus michahellis), we manipulated the concentration of vitamin E (VE) in the egg yolk and analysed the consequences on oxidative status markers and telomere length in the hatchlings. This study provides the first experimental evidence that, contrary to the expectation, a physiological increase in yolk VE concentration boosted total antioxidant capacity and reduced the concentration of pro-oxidant molecules in the plasma, but did not reduce telomere attrition or ameliorate oxidative damage to proteins and lipids in the early postnatal period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Parolini
- Department of Environmental Science and Policy, via Celoria 26, I-20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Lela Khoriauli
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Pavia, via Ferrata 1, I-27100 Pavia, Italy
| | | | - Graziano Colombo
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, via Celoria 26, I-20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Manuela Caprioli
- Department of Environmental Science and Policy, via Celoria 26, I-20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Marco Santagostino
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Pavia, via Ferrata 1, I-27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Solomon G. Nergadze
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Pavia, via Ferrata 1, I-27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Aldo Milzani
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, via Celoria 26, I-20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Elena Giulotto
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Pavia, via Ferrata 1, I-27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Nicola Saino
- Department of Environmental Science and Policy, via Celoria 26, I-20133 Milan, Italy
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Yabuta S, Masaki M, Shidoji Y. Associations of Buccal Cell Telomere Length with Daily Intake of β-Carotene or α-Tocopherol Are Dependent on Carotenoid Metabolism-related Gene Polymorphisms in Healthy Japanese Adults. J Nutr Health Aging 2016; 20:267-74. [PMID: 26892575 DOI: 10.1007/s12603-015-0577-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Telomere length shortening is modulated not only by aging, but also by both genetic and environmental factors. The aim of this study was to investigate the interactions between antioxidant nutrient metabolism-related gene single nucleotide polymorphisms (the genetic factors) and nutrient intake (the environmental factors) in their effects on telomere length shortening. SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS Data were collected on the relative telomere lengths (RTLs) of buccal cells and the habitual food intake of 70 healthy Japanese adults. MEASUREMENTS All subjects were genotyped for two common single nucleotide polymorphisms: rs6564851 in the β-carotene-15,15'-mono-oxygenase 1 (BCMO1) gene and rs362090 in the intestine-specific homeobox (ISX) gene. RESULTS Univariate analysis revealed that buccal RTL was not significantly modulated by either age or gender. Then, we subdivided the study population into four groups based on combinations of the rs6564851 and rs362090 genotypes. After this subdivision, we showed a positive effect of daily α- or β-carotene intake on buccal RTL in the ISX rs362090 G-allele carrier + BCMO1 rs6564851 GG-genotype group (p = 0.026). Additionally, daily intake of another antioxidative fat-soluble vitamin, α-tocopherol, was positively associated with buccal RTL in the ISX rs362090 AA-homozygote + BCMO1 rs6564851 T-allele carrier group (p = 0.037). CONCLUSION Our study clearly indicates that high dietary intake of the antioxidants α, β-carotene and α-tocopherol protects buccal cells from RTL shortening, depending on the genetic background of antioxidant vitamin-related genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Yabuta
- Yoshihiro Shidoji, Molecular and Cellular Biology, Graduate School of Human Health Science, University of Nagasaki, 1-1-1 Academy Hills, Nagayo, Nagasaki 851-2195, Japan. E-mail:
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Huang YL, Lee CH, Liao JF, Liu YW, Chiou WF. Protective effects of ugonin K on hydrogen peroxide-induced osteoblast cell damage. J Funct Foods 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2015.03.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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High sodium intake is associated with short leukocyte telomere length in overweight and obese adolescents. Int J Obes (Lond) 2015; 39:1249-53. [PMID: 25869605 PMCID: PMC6344938 DOI: 10.1038/ijo.2015.51] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2014] [Revised: 03/04/2015] [Accepted: 04/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Background/Objectives Telomere shortening plays an important role in cellular aging. However, the impact of high sodium intake, an important risk factor of age-related diseases, on telomere shortening remains unknown. Therefore, we examined the relationship between high dietary sodium intake and leukocyte telomere length, particularly in the context of obesity since obesity increases salt sensitivity. Subjects/Methods Leukocyte telomere length (LTL) was determined by a quantitative polymerase chain reaction method in 766 adolescents aged 14–18 years (50% female, 49% African Americans). Dietary sodium intake was assessed by seven independent 24-h dietary recalls. We divided the sample into low sodium (mean 2388 ± 522 mg/day) or high sodium groups (mean 4142 ± 882 mg/day) based on the median value (3280.9 mg/day). Results In the entire cohort, there was no significant association between sodium intake and LTL (r = −0.05, p = 0.24). However, there was a significant interaction between sodium intake and obesity status (p = 0.049). Further multiple linear regression analyses revealed that higher dietary sodium intake was associated with shorter LTL in the overweight/obese group (BMI ≥ 85th percentile, β = −0.37, p = 0.04), but not in the normal weight group (β = 0.01, p= 0.93) after adjusting for multiple confounding factors. In the overweight/obese group, LTL was significantly shorter in the high sodium intake subjects vs. low sodium intake subjects (1.24 ± 0.22 vs. 1.32 ± 0.20, p = 0.02), but not the normal weight group (1.29 ± 0.24 vs. 1.30 ± 0.24, p = 0.69). Conclusions Higher dietary sodium intake is associated with shorter telomere length in overweight and obese adolescents.
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Testa R, Genovese S, Ceriello A. Nutritional imbalances linking cellular senescence and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care 2014; 17:338-42. [PMID: 24839949 DOI: 10.1097/mco.0000000000000066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Quality of nutrition plays a central role in illnesses such as diabetes and its complications. Dietary and lifestyle habits may have a strong impact, either worsening or improving the evolution of diabetes mellitus. Some factors, such as obesity, worsen the illness, causing chronic inflammation, lipid metabolic disorder, accelerated atherosclerosis, increased risk for thrombosis, hypertension, hyperinsulinemia, insulin resistance, and cellular senescence. Some other nutritional components, however, have an opposite effect, probably increasing antioxidant defense. RECENT FINDINGS The effects of nutritional factors on cellular senescence in diabetic patients are described in this review. In particular, we discuss some of the nutritional causes of cellular senescence in diabetes mellitus and focus on different nutraceutical compounds that can affect cellular senescence. Furthermore, relevant mechanisms of action are also described. SUMMARY Diet and nutraceutical factors have important effects on diabetes mellitus. Some molecules, which improve antioxidant defense, may counteract cellular senescence. A good lifestyle with physical activity and good weight control can improve the quality of life in diabetic people; on the contrary, obesity and vitamin deficiencies may worsen the evolution of this illness, even inducing cellular senescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Testa
- aExperimental Models in Clinical Pathology, INRCA-IRCCS National Institute, Ancona bDepartment of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases, IRCCS Gruppo Multimedica, Sesto San Giovanni (MI), Italy cInstitut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS) dCentro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Barcelona, Spain
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Nasir NAA, Agarwal R, Vasudevan S, Tripathy M, Alyautdin R, Ismail NM. Effects of topically applied tocotrienol on cataractogenesis and lens redox status in galactosemic rats. Mol Vis 2014; 20:822-35. [PMID: 24940038 PMCID: PMC4057512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2013] [Accepted: 06/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Oxidative and nitrosative stress underlies cataractogenesis, and therefore, various antioxidants have been investigated for anticataract properties. Several vitamin E analogs have also been studied for anticataract effects due to their antioxidant properties; however, the anticataract properties of tocotrienols have not been investigated. In this study, we investigated the effects of topically applied tocotrienol on the onset and progression of cataract and lenticular oxidative and nitrosative stress in galactosemic rats. METHODS In the first part of this study, we investigated the effects of topically applied microemulsion formulation of tocotrienol (TTE) using six concentrations ranging from 0.01% to 0.2%. Eight groups of Sprague-Dawley rats (n = 9) received distilled water, vehicle, or one of the six TTE concentrations as pretreatment topically twice daily for 3 weeks while on a normal diet. After pretreatment, animals in groups 2-8 received a 25% galactose diet whereas group 1 continued on the normal diet for 4 weeks. During this 4-week period, topical treatment continued as for pretreatment. Weekly slit-lamp examination was conducted to assess cataract progression. At the end of the experimental period, the animals were euthanized, and the proteins and oxidative stress parameters were estimated in the lenses. In the second part of the study, we compared the anticataract efficacy of the TTE with the liposomal formulation of tocotrienol (TTL) using five groups of Sprague-Dawley rats (n = 15) that received distilled water, TTE, TTL, or corresponding vehicle. The mode of administration and dosing schedule were the same as in study 1. Weekly ophthalmic examination and lens protein and oxidative stress estimates were performed as in study 1. Lens nitrosative stress was also estimated. RESULTS During the 4-week treatment period, the groups treated with 0.03% and 0.02% tocotrienol showed slower progression of cataract compared to the vehicle-treated group (p<0.05), whereas the group treated with 0.2% tocotrienol showed faster progression of cataract compared to the vehicle-treated group (p<0.05). The lenticular protein content, malondialdehyde, superoxide dismutase, and catalase levels were normalized in the groups that received 0.03% and 0.02% tocotrienol. The lenticular reduced glutathione also showed a trend toward normalization in these groups. In contrast, the group treated with 0.2% tocotrienol showed increased lenticular oxidative stress. When the microemulsion and liposomal formulations were compared, the effects on cataract progression, lens oxidative and nitrosative stress, and lens protein content did not show significant differences. CONCLUSIONS Topically applied tocotrienol within the concentration range of less than 0.05% and more than 0.01% tends to delay the onset and progression of cataract in galactose-fed rats by reducing lenticular oxidative and nitrosative stress. However, topical tocotrienol at a concentration of 0.2% and higher aggravates cataractogenesis in galactose-fed rats by increasing lens oxidative stress. The anticataract efficacy of 0.03% microemulsion of tocotrienol did not differ from its liposomal formulations at the same concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nurul Alimah Abdul Nasir
- Faculty of Medicine, Brain and Neuroscience Communities of Research, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Renu Agarwal
- Faculty of Medicine, Brain and Neuroscience Communities of Research, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Sushil Vasudevan
- Faculty of Medicine, Brain and Neuroscience Communities of Research, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Minaketan Tripathy
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Brain and Neuroscience Communities of Research, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Renad Alyautdin
- Faculty of Medicine, Brain and Neuroscience Communities of Research, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Nafeeza Mohd Ismail
- Faculty of Medicine, Brain and Neuroscience Communities of Research, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
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Leucocyte telomere shortening in relation to newly diagnosed type 2 diabetic patients with depression. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2014; 2014:673959. [PMID: 24868316 PMCID: PMC4020220 DOI: 10.1155/2014/673959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2014] [Accepted: 04/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The goal of this study is to investigate the association between oxidative stress and telomere length shortening in the comorbid depression and diabetes. Therefore, 71 patients with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes (T2D) and 52 subjects with normal glycemic level (control, Ctrl) were enrolled. Depressive status was identified with the Depression Subscale of Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS-D). Leukocyte telomere length ratio (T/S ratio) was determined with quantitative PCR. Oxidative stress status was evaluated with 8-hydroxy-desoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) assay kit. Some other biochemical blood testing was also performed. The data showed that T2D patients had higher proportion of depression evaluated by the HADS-D (x(2) = 4.196, P = 0.041). T/S ratio was significantly negatively correlated with 8-OHdG, HADS-D, age, HbA1c, FPG, and HOMA-IR. In addition, HADS-D was significantly positively correlated with HbA1c, FPG, HOMA-IR, and 8-OHdG. Both HADS-D and 8-OHdG were the major independent predictors for T/S ratio. This study indicates that oxidative stress contributes to both telomere length shortening and depression development in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetic patients, while in depression status, some other mechanisms besides oxidative stress may also affect the telomere length.
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Reversal of myoblast aging by tocotrienol rich fraction posttreatment. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2013; 2013:978101. [PMID: 24349615 PMCID: PMC3856141 DOI: 10.1155/2013/978101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2013] [Revised: 10/17/2013] [Accepted: 10/21/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Skeletal muscle satellite cells are heavily involved in the regeneration of skeletal muscle in response to the aging-related deterioration of the skeletal muscle mass, strength, and regenerative capacity, termed as sarcopenia. This study focused on the effect of tocotrienol rich fraction (TRF) on regenerative capacity of myoblasts in stress-induced premature senescence (SIPS). The myoblasts was grouped as young control, SIPS-induced, TRF control, TRF pretreatment, and TRF posttreatment. Optimum dose of TRF, morphological observation, activity of senescence-associated β-galactosidase (SA-β-galactosidase), and cell proliferation were determined. 50 μg/mL TRF treatment exhibited the highest cell proliferation capacity. SIPS-induced myoblasts exhibit large flattened cells and prominent intermediate filaments (senescent-like morphology). The activity of SA-β-galactosidase was significantly increased, but the proliferation capacity was significantly reduced as compared to young control. The activity of SA-β-galactosidase was significantly reduced and cell proliferation was significantly increased in the posttreatment group whereas there was no significant difference in SA-β-galactosidase activity and proliferation capacity of pretreatment group as compared to SIPS-induced myoblasts. Based on the data, we hypothesized that TRF may reverse the myoblasts aging through replenishing the regenerative capacity of the cells. However, further investigation on the mechanism of TRF in reversing the myoblast aging is needed.
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Makpol S, Yeoh TW, Ruslam FAC, Arifin KT, Yusof YAM. Comparative effect of Piper betle, Chlorella vulgaris and tocotrienol-rich fraction on antioxidant enzymes activity in cellular ageing of human diploid fibroblasts. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2013; 13:210. [PMID: 23948056 PMCID: PMC3847057 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6882-13-210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2012] [Accepted: 08/13/2013] [Indexed: 02/14/2023]
Abstract
Background Human diploid fibroblasts (HDFs) undergo a limited number of cellular divisions in culture and progressively reach a state of irreversible growth arrest, a process termed cellular ageing. Even though beneficial effects of Piper betle, Chlorella vulgaris and tocotrienol-rich fraction (TRF) have been reported, ongoing studies in relation to ageing is of interest to determine possible protective effects that may reverse the effect of ageing. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of P. betle, C. vulgaris and TRF in preventing cellular ageing of HDFs by determining the activity of antioxidant enzymes viz.; catalase, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase. Methods Different passages of HDFs were treated with P. betle, C. vulgaris and TRF for 24 h prior to enzymes activity determination. Senescence-associated beta-galactosidase (SA β-gal) expression was assayed to validate cellular ageing. Results In cellular ageing of HDFs, catalase and glutathione peroxidase activities were reduced, but SOD activity was heightened during pre-senescence. P. betle exhibited the strongest antioxidant activity by reducing SA β-gal expression, catalase activities in all age groups, and SOD activity. TRF exhibited a strong antioxidant activity by reducing SA β-gal expression, and SOD activity in senescent HDFs. C. vulgaris extract managed to reduce SOD activity in senescent HDFs. Conclusion P. betle, C. vulgaris, and TRF have the potential as anti-ageing entities which compensated the role of antioxidant enzymes in cellular ageing of HDFs.
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Gamma tocotrienol, a potent radioprotector, preferentially upregulates expression of anti-apoptotic genes to promote intestinal cell survival. Food Chem Toxicol 2013; 60:488-96. [PMID: 23941772 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2013.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2013] [Revised: 08/02/2013] [Accepted: 08/04/2013] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Gamma tocotrienol (GT3) has been reported as a potent ameliorator of radiation-induced gastrointestinal (GI) toxicity when administered prophylactically. This study aimed to evaluate the role of GT3 mediated pro- and anti-apoptotic gene regulation in protecting mice from radiation-induced GI damage. Male 10- to 12-weeks-old CD2F1 mice were administered with a single dose of 200 mg/kg of GT3 or equal volume of vehicle (5% Tween-80) 24 h before exposure to 11 Gy of whole-body γ-radiation. Mouse jejunum was surgically removed 4 and 24h after radiation exposure, and was used for PCR array, histology, immunohistochemistry, and immunoblot analysis. Results were compared among vehicle pre-treated no radiation, vehicle pre-treated irradiated, and GT3 pre-treated irradiated groups. GT3 pretreated irradiated groups, both 4h and 24h after radiation, showed greater upregulation of anti-apoptotic gene expression than vehicle pretreated irradiated groups. TUNEL staining and intestinal crypt analysis showed protection of jejunum after GT3 pre-treatment and immunoblot results were supportive of PCR data. Our study demonstrated that GT3-mediated protection of intestinal cells from a GI-toxic dose of radiation occurred via upregulation of antiapoptotic and downregulation of pro-apoptotic factors, both at the transcript as well as at the protein levels.
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Gamma-tocotrienol modulated gene expression in senescent human diploid fibroblasts as revealed by microarray analysis. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2013; 2013:454328. [PMID: 23634235 PMCID: PMC3619550 DOI: 10.1155/2013/454328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2012] [Revised: 02/13/2013] [Accepted: 02/13/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The effect of γ-tocotrienol, a vitamin E isomer, in modulating gene expression in cellular aging of human diploid fibroblasts was studied. Senescent cells at passage 30 were incubated with 70 μM of γ-tocotrienol for 24 h. Gene expression patterns were evaluated using Sentrix HumanRef-8 Expression BeadChip from Illumina, analysed using GeneSpring GX10 software, and validated using quantitative RT-PCR. A total of 100 genes were differentially expressed (P < 0.001) by at least 1.5 fold in response to γ-tocotrienol treatment. Amongst the genes were IRAK3, SelS, HSPA5, HERPUD1, DNAJB9, SEPR1, C18orf55, ARF4, RINT1, NXT1, CADPS2, COG6, and GLRX5. Significant gene list was further analysed by Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA), and the Normalized Enrichment Score (NES) showed that biological processes such as inflammation, protein transport, apoptosis, and cell redox homeostasis were modulated in senescent fibroblasts treated with γ-tocotrienol. These findings revealed that γ-tocotrienol may prevent cellular aging of human diploid fibroblasts by modulating gene expression.
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Modulation of Cell Cycle Profile by Chlorella vulgaris Prevents Replicative Senescence of Human Diploid Fibroblasts. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2013; 2013:780504. [PMID: 23573154 PMCID: PMC3610352 DOI: 10.1155/2013/780504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2012] [Revised: 01/28/2013] [Accepted: 01/28/2013] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In this study, the effects of Chlorella vulgaris (CV) on replicative senescence of human diploid fibroblasts (HDFs) were investigated. Hot water extract of CV was used to treat HDFs at passages 6, 15, and 30 which represent young, presenescence, and senescence ages, respectively. The level of DNA damage was determined by comet assay while apoptosis and cell cycle profile were determined using FACSCalibur flow cytometer. Our results showed direct correlation between increased levels of damaged DNA and apoptosis with senescence in untreated HDFs (P < 0.05). Cell cycle profile showed increased population of untreated senescent cells that enter G0/G1 phase while the cell population in S phase decreased significantly (P < 0.05). Treatment with CV however caused a significant reduction in the level of damaged DNA and apoptosis in all age groups of HDFs (P < 0.05). Cell cycle analysis showed that treatment with CV increased significantly the percentage of senescent HDFs in S phase and G2/M phases but decreased the population of cells in G0/G1 phase (P < 0.05). In conclusion, hot water extract of Chlorella vulgaris effectively decreased the biomarkers of ageing, indicating its potential as an antiageing compound.
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Maeda T, Guan JZ, Koyanagi M, Makino N. Telomerase activity and telomere length distribution in vascular endothelial cells in a short-term culture under the presence of hydrogen peroxide. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2012; 13:774-82. [PMID: 22985061 DOI: 10.1111/j.1447-0594.2012.00936.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
AIM The aim of this study was to assess the biological effects of oxidative stress on human vascular endothelial cells. METHODS The telomeric changes and the alterations of the expression of telomere-associated proteins in human umbilical venous endothelial cells (HUVEC) cultured in the presence of hydrogen peroxide (H2 O2 ) were analyzed. RESULTS During the culture, the cell growth rate decreased, whereas the telomerase activity of the surviving cells increased. As the H2 O2 level increased, long telomeres decreased proportionally, thus resulting in a telomere length distribution that was rich in short telomeres. These observations suggested that H2 O2 -affected endothelial cells bear telomeric features similar to those of aged cells. In contrast, the expression of telomere-associated proteins, TRF1 and TRF2, showed different changes. TRF1 increased in relation to H2 O2 concentration, whereas TRF2 showed no significant change. The surviving cells exposed to H2 O2 showed a H2 O2 -dose dependent increase in telomerase activity, whereas the telomere protein and RNA components were only elevated in low concentrations of H2 O2 . CONCLUSIONS The increase in telomerase activity and TRF1 protein expression of vascular endothelial cell might show an aspect of cellular protective reaction against oxygen stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toyoki Maeda
- Department of Cardiovascular, Respiratory, and Geriatric Medicine, Kyushu University Beppu Hospital, Beppu, Oita, Japan.
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Inhibition of mitochondrial cytochrome c release and suppression of caspases by gamma-tocotrienol prevent apoptosis and delay aging in stress-induced premature senescence of skin fibroblasts. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2012; 2012:785743. [PMID: 22919441 PMCID: PMC3418699 DOI: 10.1155/2012/785743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2012] [Revised: 05/16/2012] [Accepted: 05/24/2012] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we determined the molecular mechanism of γ-tocotrienol (GTT) in preventing cellular aging by focusing on its anti-apoptotic effect in stress-induced premature senescence (SIPS) model of human diploid fibroblasts (HDFs). Results obtained showed that SIPS exhibited senescent-phenotypic characteristic, increased expression of senescence-associated β-galactosidase (SA β-gal) and promoted G0/G1 cell cycle arrest accompanied by shortening of telomere length with decreased telomerase activity. Both SIPS and senescent HDFs shared similar apoptotic changes such as increased Annexin V-FITC positive cells, increased cytochrome c release and increased activation of caspase-9 and caspase-3 (P < 0.05). GTT treatment resulted in a significant reduction of Annexin V-FITC positive cells, inhibited cytochrome c release and decreased activation of caspase-9 and caspase-3 (P < 0.05). Gene expression analysis showed that GTT treatment down regulated BAX mRNA, up-regulated BCL2A1 mRNA and decreased the ratio of Bax/Bcl-2 protein expression (P < 0.05) in SIPS. These findings suggested that GTT inhibits apoptosis by modulating the upstream apoptosis cascade, causing the inhibition of cytochrome c release from the mitochondria with concomitant suppression of caspase-9 and caspase-3 activation. In conclusion, GTT delays cellular senescence of human diploid fibroblasts through the inhibition of intrinsic mitochondria-mediated pathway which involved the regulation of pro- and anti-apoptotic genes and proteins.
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Tian LM, Xie HF, Xiao X, Yang T, Hu YH, Wang WZ, Liu LS, Chen X, Li J. Study on the roles of β-catenin in hydrogen peroxide-induced senescence in human skin fibroblasts. Exp Dermatol 2011; 20:836-8. [PMID: 21707762 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0625.2011.01324.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative stress is one of the most important causes of the cellular senescence process. Previous studies showed that β-catenin can regulate FoxO3a and this association was enhanced in cells exposed to oxidative stress. It has also been reported that β-catenin can regulate some senescence-related proteins. We propose that β-catenin may play a crucial role in senescence of normal human primary skin fibroblasts (NHSFs). Here, we explored the roles and mechanisms of β-catenin on H(2)O(2)-induced senescence in NHSFs. β-catenin expression was decreased in NHSFs after H(2)O(2) treatment. Overexpression of β-catenin in NHSFs led to a marked delay of many senescent phenotypes induced by H(2)O(2). Furthermore, overexpression of β-catenin in NHSFs can antagonise the alteration of reactive oxygen species accumulation and some senescence-related proteins expression induced by H(2)O(2) treatment. Our data demonstrated that β-catenin can protect NHSFs from H(2)O(2)-induced premature senescence by alleviating oxidative stress and regulating some senescence-related molecules.
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Abstract
Aging is a biological process that affects most cells, organisms and species. Human aging is associated with increased susceptibility to a variety of chronic diseases, including cardiovascular disease, Type 2 diabetes, neurological diseases and cancer. Despite the remarkable progress made during the last two decades, our understanding of the biology of aging remains incomplete. Telomere biology has recently emerged as an important player in the aging and disease process.
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Tocotrienol-rich fraction prevents cell cycle arrest and elongates telomere length in senescent human diploid fibroblasts. J Biomed Biotechnol 2011; 2011:506171. [PMID: 21541185 PMCID: PMC3085479 DOI: 10.1155/2011/506171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2010] [Accepted: 01/31/2011] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
This study determined the molecular mechanisms of tocotrienol-rich fraction (TRF) in preventing cellular senescence of human diploid fibroblasts (HDFs). Primary culture of HDFs at various passages were incubated with 0.5 mg/mL TRF for 24 h. Telomere shortening with decreased telomerase activity was observed in senescent HDFs while the levels of damaged DNA and number of cells in G(0)/G(1) phase were increased and S phase cells were decreased. Incubation with TRF reversed the morphology of senescent HDFs to resemble that of young cells with decreased activity of SA-β-gal, damaged DNA, and cells in G(0)/G(1) phase while cells in the S phase were increased. Elongated telomere length and restoration of telomerase activity were observed in TRF-treated senescent HDFs. These findings confirmed the ability of tocotrienol-rich fraction in preventing HDFs cellular ageing by restoring telomere length and telomerase activity, reducing damaged DNA, and reversing cell cycle arrest associated with senescence.
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