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Kong Y, Zheng Y. Magic Blue Light: A Versatile Mediator of Plant Elongation. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:115. [PMID: 38202422 PMCID: PMC10780743 DOI: 10.3390/plants13010115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 12/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Blue light plays an important role in regulating plant elongation. However, due to the limitations of older lighting technologies, the responses of plants to pure blue light have not been fully studied, and some of our understandings of the functions of blue light in the literature need to be revisited. This review consolidates and analyzes the diverse findings from previous studies on blue-light-mediated plant elongation. By synthesizing the contrasting results, we uncover the underlying mechanisms and explanations proposed in recent research. Moreover, we delve into the exploration of blue light-emitting diodes (LEDs) as a tool for manipulating plant elongation in controlled-environment plant production, highlighting the latest advancements in this area. Finally, we acknowledge the challenges faced and outline future directions for research in this promising field. This review provides valuable insights into the pivotal role of blue light in plant growth and offers a foundation for further investigations to optimize plant elongation using blue light technology.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Youbin Zheng
- School of Environmental Sciences, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada;
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2
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Lyu X, Mu R, Liu B. Shade avoidance syndrome in soybean and ideotype toward shade tolerance. MOLECULAR BREEDING : NEW STRATEGIES IN PLANT IMPROVEMENT 2023; 43:31. [PMID: 37313527 PMCID: PMC10248688 DOI: 10.1007/s11032-023-01375-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The shade avoidance syndrome (SAS) in soybean can have destructive effects on yield, as essential carbon resources reserved for yield are diverted to the petiole and stem for exaggerated elongation, resulting in lodging and susceptibility to disease. Despite numerous attempts to reduce the unfavorable impacts of SAS for the development of cultivars suitable for high-density planting or intercropping, the genetic bases and fundamental mechanisms of SAS remain largely unclear. The extensive research conducted in the model plant Arabidopsis provides a framework for understanding the SAS in soybean. Nevertheless, recent investigations suggest that the knowledge obtained from model Arabidopsis may not be applicable to all processes in soybean. Consequently, further efforts are required to identify the genetic regulators of SAS in soybean for molecular breeding of high-yield cultivars suitable for density farming. In this review, we present an overview of the recent developments in SAS studies in soybean and suggest an ideal planting architecture for shade-tolerant soybean intended for high-yield breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangguang Lyu
- The National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement (NFCRI), Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ruolan Mu
- The National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement (NFCRI), Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Bin Liu
- The National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement (NFCRI), Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
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3
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Zhao J, Shi X, Chen L, Chen Q, Tian X, Ai L, Zhao H, Yang C, Yan L, Zhang M. Genetic and transcriptome analyses reveal the candidate genes and pathways involved in the inactive shade-avoidance response enabling high-density planting of soybean. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:973643. [PMID: 35991396 PMCID: PMC9382032 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.973643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
High-density planting is a major way to improve crop yields. However, shade-avoidance syndrome (SAS) is a major factor limiting increased planting density. First Green Revolution addressed grass lodging problem by using dwarf/semi-dwarf genes. However, it is not suitable for soybean, which bear seeds on stalk and whose seed yield depends on plant height. Hence, mining shade-tolerant germplasms and elucidating the underlying mechanism could provide meaningful resources and information for high-yield breeding. Here, we report a high-plant density-tolerant soybean cultivar, JiDou 17, which exhibited an inactive SAS (iSAS) phenotype under high-plant density or low-light conditions at the seedling stage. A quantitative trait locus (QTL) mapping analysis using a recombinant inbred line (RIL) population showed that this iSAS phenotype is related to a major QTL, named shade-avoidance response 1 (qSAR1), which was detected. The mapping region was narrowed by a haplotype analysis into a 554 kb interval harboring 44 genes, including 4 known to be key regulators of the SAS network and 4 with a variance response to low-light conditions between near isogenic line (NIL) stems. Via RNA-seq, we identified iSAS-specific genes based on one pair of near isogenic lines (NILs) and their parents. The iSAS-specific genes expressed in the stems were significantly enriched in the "proteasomal protein catabolic" process and the proteasome pathway, which were recently suggested to promote the shade-avoidance response by enhancing PIF7 stability. Most iSAS-specific proteasome-related genes were downregulated under low-light conditions. The expression of genes related to ABA, CK, and GA significantly varied between the low- and normal-light conditions. This finding is meaningful for the cloning of genes that harbor beneficial variation(s) conferring the iSAS phenotype fixed in domestication and breeding practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhao
- Hebei Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Breeding, National Soybean Improvement Center Shijiazhuang Sub-Center, Huang-Huai-Hai Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Soybean, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Cereal and Oil Crops, Hebei Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Shijiazhuang, China
- School of Life Sciences, Yantai University, Yantai, China
| | - Xiaolei Shi
- Hebei Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Breeding, National Soybean Improvement Center Shijiazhuang Sub-Center, Huang-Huai-Hai Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Soybean, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Cereal and Oil Crops, Hebei Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Lei Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Yantai University, Yantai, China
| | - Qiang Chen
- Hebei Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Breeding, National Soybean Improvement Center Shijiazhuang Sub-Center, Huang-Huai-Hai Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Soybean, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Cereal and Oil Crops, Hebei Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Shijiazhuang, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology of Ministry of Education, Hebei Collaboration Innovation Center for Cell Signaling, College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Xuan Tian
- Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology of Ministry of Education, Hebei Collaboration Innovation Center for Cell Signaling, College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Lijuan Ai
- Hebei Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Breeding, National Soybean Improvement Center Shijiazhuang Sub-Center, Huang-Huai-Hai Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Soybean, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Cereal and Oil Crops, Hebei Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Shijiazhuang, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology of Ministry of Education, Hebei Collaboration Innovation Center for Cell Signaling, College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Hongtao Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology of Ministry of Education, Hebei Collaboration Innovation Center for Cell Signaling, College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Chunyan Yang
- Hebei Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Breeding, National Soybean Improvement Center Shijiazhuang Sub-Center, Huang-Huai-Hai Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Soybean, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Cereal and Oil Crops, Hebei Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Long Yan
- Hebei Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Breeding, National Soybean Improvement Center Shijiazhuang Sub-Center, Huang-Huai-Hai Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Soybean, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Cereal and Oil Crops, Hebei Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Mengchen Zhang
- Hebei Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Breeding, National Soybean Improvement Center Shijiazhuang Sub-Center, Huang-Huai-Hai Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Soybean, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Cereal and Oil Crops, Hebei Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Shijiazhuang, China
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4
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Formisano L, Miras-Moreno B, Ciriello M, Zhang L, De Pascale S, Lucini L, Rouphael Y. Between Light and Shading: Morphological, Biochemical, and Metabolomics Insights Into the Influence of Blue Photoselective Shading on Vegetable Seedlings. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:890830. [PMID: 35693176 PMCID: PMC9174935 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.890830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
High nursery densities reduce the seedling quality due to the competition for light. High light intensity, shading, and blue light depletion activate morphophysiological and metabolomic responses in plants, resulting in size modification to gain an advantage over neighboring plants. Our research aimed to unravel the effects of light intensity and quality on nursery seedlings at the morphological and biochemical levels. To this aim, the effect of black shading and blue photoselective shading nets were investigated in terms of morphometric, ionomic, and untargeted metabolomics signatures in Cucurbita pepo L., Citrullus lanatus L., Solanum lycopersicum L., and Solanum melongena L. seedlings. Plant height, diameter, sturdiness index, leaf area, specific leaf area, shoot/root ratio, and mineral content (by ion chromatography-IC) were evaluated. In C. pepo L and C. lanatus L., the blue net reduced the shoot/root and chlorophyll a/b ratios and increased stem diameter and total chlorophyll content. The black net increased plant height, stem diameter, and sturdiness index in Solanum lycopersicum L. and Solanum melongena L. At the same time, unshading conditions reduced leaf area, specific leaf area, shoot/root ratio, and total chlorophyll content. The blue net improved the sturdiness index and quality of C. pepo L. and C. lanatus L. Such impact on morphological parameters induced by the different shading conditions was corroborated by a significant modulation at the metabolomics level. Untargeted metabolomic phytochemical signatures of the selected plants, and the subsequent multivariate analysis coupled to pathway analysis, allowed highlighting a broad and diverse biochemical modulation. Metabolomics revealed that both primary and secondary metabolism were largely affected by the different shading conditions, regardless of the species considered. A common pattern arose to point at the activation of plant energy metabolism and lipid biosynthesis, together with a generalized down accumulation of several secondary metabolites, particularly phenylpropanoids. Our findings indicate an intriguing scientific interest in the effects of selective shading and its application to other species and different phenological stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luigi Formisano
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Portici, Italy
| | - Begoña Miras-Moreno
- Department for Sustainable Food Process, DiSTAS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Piacenza, Italy
| | - Michele Ciriello
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Portici, Italy
| | - Leilei Zhang
- Department for Sustainable Food Process, DiSTAS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Piacenza, Italy
| | - Stefania De Pascale
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Portici, Italy
| | - Luigi Lucini
- Department for Sustainable Food Process, DiSTAS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Piacenza, Italy
| | - Youssef Rouphael
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Portici, Italy
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5
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Wang L, Chandrasekaran U, Luo X, Wei S, Shu K. Parental Shading Regulates Subsequent Seed Germination. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:748760. [PMID: 34819940 PMCID: PMC8606882 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.748760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Wang
- School of Ecology and Environment, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China
- Research & Development Institute of Northwestern Polytechnical University in Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | | | - Xiaofeng Luo
- School of Ecology and Environment, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Shaowei Wei
- School of Ecology and Environment, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Kai Shu
- School of Ecology and Environment, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China
- Research & Development Institute of Northwestern Polytechnical University in Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
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6
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Landi M, Agati G, Fini A, Guidi L, Sebastiani F, Tattini M. Unveiling the shade nature of cyanic leaves: A view from the "blue absorbing side" of anthocyanins. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2021; 44:1119-1129. [PMID: 32515010 DOI: 10.1111/pce.13818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Anthocyanins have long been suggested as having great potential in offering photoprotection to plants facing high light irradiance. Nonetheless, their effective ability in protecting the photosynthetic apparatus from supernumerary photons has been questioned by some authors, based upon the inexact belief that anthocyanins almost exclusively absorb green photons, which are poorly absorbed by chlorophylls. Here we focus on the blue light absorbing features of anthocyanins, a neglected issue in anthocyanin research. Anthocyanins effectively absorb blue photons: the absorbance of blue relative to green photons increases from tri- to mono-hydroxy B-ring substituted structures, reaching up to 50% of green photons absorption. We offer a comprehensive picture of the molecular events activated by low blue-light availability, extending our previous analysis in purple and green basil, which we suggest to be responsible for the "shade syndrome" displayed by cyanic leaves. While purple leaves display overexpression of genes promoting chlorophyll biosynthesis and light harvesting, in green leaves it is the genes involved in the stability/repair of photosystems that are largely overexpressed. As a corollary, this adds further support to the view of an effective photoprotective role of anthocyanins. We discuss the profound morpho-anatomical adjustments imposed by the epidermal anthocyanin shield, which reflect adjustments in light harvesting capacity under imposed shade and make complex the analysis of the photosynthetic performance of cyanic versus acyanic leaves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Landi
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Giovanni Agati
- Institute of Applied Physics 'Nello Carrara', Florence, Italy
| | - Alessio Fini
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences-Production, Landscape, Agroenergy University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Lucia Guidi
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Federico Sebastiani
- Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, National Research Council of Italy, Florence, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Tattini
- Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, National Research Council of Italy, Florence, Italy
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7
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Larsen DH, Woltering EJ, Nicole CCS, Marcelis LFM. Response of Basil Growth and Morphology to Light Intensity and Spectrum in a Vertical Farm. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:597906. [PMID: 33424894 PMCID: PMC7793858 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.597906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Vertical farming is becoming increasingly popular for production of leafy vegetables and herbs, with basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) as one of the most popular herbs. In basil most research has focused on increasing secondary metabolites with light spectra. However, knowledge about the effect of light intensity (photosynthetic photon flux density, PPFD) and spectra on growth and morphology is key for optimizing quality at harvest. The impact of PPFD and spectrum on plant growth and development is species dependent and currently few studies in basil are available. Understanding the response to End-Of-Production (EOP) light of growth and morphology is important for successful vertical farming. We performed a comprehensive series of experiments, where the effects of EOP PPFD, fraction of blue and their interaction on the growth and morphology were analyzed in two green and one purple basil cultivar. In addition, the impact of different EOP intensities and duration of far-red were investigated. We found that increasing the PPFD increased fresh mass, dry matter content and plant height in all three cultivars. The responses were linear or quadratic depending on the cultivar. A high fraction of blue (>90%) increased plant height and decreased the dry mass partitioning to the leaves. The only interaction found between the fraction of blue and overall PPFD was on plant height in the green cultivar whereas other growth parameters and morphology responded stronger to PPFD than to the fraction of blue light. Plant dry matter production was increased with the addition of far-red. Far-red EOP intensity treatments enhanced the fraction of dry mass partitioned to the leaves, whereas a prolonged far-red treatment enhanced partitioning to the stem. Both plant fresh mass and dry matter content were improved by applying high PPFD shortly before harvest. Light spectra were found to be of less importance than PPFD with respect to plant dry matter content. Light use efficiency (LUE) based on fresh mass decreased with increasing PPFD whereas LUE based on dry mass increased with increasing PPFD, when given as EOP treatments. The overall physiological mechanisms of the light intensity and spectral effects are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorthe H. Larsen
- Horticulture and Product Physiology, Department of Plant Sciences, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Ernst J. Woltering
- Horticulture and Product Physiology, Department of Plant Sciences, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
- Postharvest Technology, Wageningen Food and Biobased Research, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | | | - Leo F. M. Marcelis
- Horticulture and Product Physiology, Department of Plant Sciences, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
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8
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Zhang N, van Westreenen A, Anten NPR, Evers JB, Marcelis LFM. Disentangling the effects of photosynthetically active radiation and red to far-red ratio on plant photosynthesis under canopy shading: a simulation study using a functional-structural plant model. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2020; 126:635-646. [PMID: 31793625 PMCID: PMC7489061 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcz197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Shading by an overhead canopy (i.e. canopy shading) entails simultaneous changes in both photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) and red to far-red ratio (R:FR). As plant responses to PAR (e.g. changes in leaf photosynthesis) are different from responses to R:FR (e.g. changes in plant architecture), and these responses occur at both organ and plant levels, understanding plant photosynthesis responses to canopy shading needs separate analysis of responses to reductions in PAR and R:FR at different levels. METHODS In a glasshouse experiment we subjected plants of woody perennial rose (Rosa hybrida) to different light treatments, and so separately quantified the effects of reductions in PAR and R:FR on leaf photosynthetic traits and plant architectural traits. Using a functional-structural plant model, we separately quantified the effects of responses in these traits on plant photosynthesis, and evaluated the relative importance of changes of individual traits for plant photosynthesis under mild and heavy shading caused by virtual overhead canopies. KEY RESULTS Model simulations showed that the individual trait responses to canopy shading could have positive and negative effects on plant photosynthesis. Under mild canopy shading, trait responses to reduced R:FR on photosynthesis were generally negative and with a larger magnitude than effects of responses to reduced PAR. Conversely, under heavy canopy shading, the positive effects of trait responses to reduced PAR became dominant. The combined effects of low-R:FR responses and low-PAR responses on plant photosynthesis were not equal to the sum of the separate effects, indicating interactions between individual trait responses. CONCLUSIONS Our simulation results indicate that under canopy shading, the relative importance of plant responses to PAR and R:FR for plant photosynthesis changes with shade levels. This suggests that the adaptive significance of plant plasticity responses to one shading factor depends on plant responses to the other.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ningyi Zhang
- Horticulture and Product Physiology Group, Department of Plant Sciences, Wageningen University, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Centre for Crop Systems Analysis, Department of Plant Sciences, Wageningen University, 6700 AK Wageningen, The Netherlands
- For correspondence. E-mail: ,
| | - Arian van Westreenen
- Horticulture and Product Physiology Group, Department of Plant Sciences, Wageningen University, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Centre for Crop Systems Analysis, Department of Plant Sciences, Wageningen University, 6700 AK Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Niels P R Anten
- Centre for Crop Systems Analysis, Department of Plant Sciences, Wageningen University, 6700 AK Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jochem B Evers
- Centre for Crop Systems Analysis, Department of Plant Sciences, Wageningen University, 6700 AK Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Leo F M Marcelis
- Horticulture and Product Physiology Group, Department of Plant Sciences, Wageningen University, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands
- For correspondence. E-mail: ,
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9
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Buti S, Hayes S, Pierik R. The bHLH network underlying plant shade-avoidance. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2020; 169:312-324. [PMID: 32053251 PMCID: PMC7383782 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Revised: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Shade is a potential threat to many plant species. When shade-intolerant plants detect neighbours, they elongate their stems and leaves in an effort to maximise their light capture. This developmental programme, known as 'shade-avoidance' is tightly controlled by specialised photoreceptors and a suite of transcriptional regulators. The basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) family of transcription factors are particularly important for shade-induced elongation. In recent years, it has become apparent that many members of this family heterodimerise and that together they form a complex regulatory network. This review summarises recent work into the structure of the bHLH network and how it regulates elongation growth. In addition to this, we highlight how photoreceptors modulate the function of the network via direct interaction with transcription factors. It is hoped that the information integrated in this review will provide a useful theoretical framework for future studies on the molecular basis of shade-avoidance in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Buti
- Plant Ecophysiology, Institute of Environmental BiologyUtrecht UniversityUtrecht3584 CHThe Netherlands
| | - Scott Hayes
- Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, CSICMadrid28049Spain
| | - Ronald Pierik
- Plant Ecophysiology, Institute of Environmental BiologyUtrecht UniversityUtrecht3584 CHThe Netherlands
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10
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Chen F, Yang Y, Luo X, Zhou W, Dai Y, Zheng C, Liu W, Yang W, Shu K. Genome-wide identification of GRF transcription factors in soybean and expression analysis of GmGRF family under shade stress. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2019; 19:269. [PMID: 31226949 PMCID: PMC6588917 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-019-1861-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2019] [Accepted: 05/31/2019] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Growth-regulating factor (GRF) family encodes plant-specific transcription factors which contain two conserved domains, QLQ and WRC. Members of this family play vital roles in plant development and stress response processes. Although GRFs have been identified in various plant species, we still know little about the GRF family in soybean (Glycine max). RESULTS In the present study, 22 GmGRFs distributed on 14 chromosomes and one scaffold were identified by searching soybean genome database and were clustered into five subgroups according to their phylogenetic relationships. GmGRFs belonging to the same subgroup shared a similar motif composition and gene structure. Synteny analysis revealed that large-scale duplications played key roles in the expansion of the GmGRF family. Tissue-specific expression data showed that GmGRFs were strongly expressed in growing tissues, including the shoot apical meristems, developing seeds and flowers, indicating that GmGRFs play critical roles in plant growth and development. On the basis of expression analysis of GmGRFs under shade conditions, we found that all GmGRFs responded to shade stress. Most GmGRFs were down-regulated in soybean leaves after shade treatment. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, this research systematically analyzed the characterization of the GmGRF family and its primary roles in soybean development and shade stress response. Further studies of the function of the GmGRFs in the growth, development and stress tolerance of soybean, especially under shade stress, will be valuable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Chen
- Center for Ecological and Environmental Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, 710129 China
- Institute of Ecological Agriculture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130 China
| | - Yingzeng Yang
- Center for Ecological and Environmental Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, 710129 China
- Institute of Ecological Agriculture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130 China
| | - Xiaofeng Luo
- Center for Ecological and Environmental Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, 710129 China
- Institute of Ecological Agriculture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130 China
| | - Wenguan Zhou
- Center for Ecological and Environmental Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, 710129 China
- Institute of Ecological Agriculture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130 China
| | - Yujia Dai
- Center for Ecological and Environmental Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, 710129 China
- Institute of Ecological Agriculture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130 China
| | - Chuan Zheng
- Center for Ecological and Environmental Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, 710129 China
- Institute of Ecological Agriculture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130 China
| | - Weiguo Liu
- Institute of Ecological Agriculture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130 China
| | - Wenyu Yang
- Institute of Ecological Agriculture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130 China
| | - Kai Shu
- Center for Ecological and Environmental Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, 710129 China
- Institute of Ecological Agriculture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130 China
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11
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Xiong B, Gu X, Qiu X, Dong Z, Ye S, Sun G, Huang S, Liu X, Xi L, Wang Z. Variability in CitXET expression and XET activity in Citrus cultivar Huangguogan seedlings with differed degrees of etiolation. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0178973. [PMID: 28617857 PMCID: PMC5472283 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0178973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2017] [Accepted: 05/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Considering the known effects of xyloglucan endotransglycosylase (XET) on plant growth and development, we aimed to determine whether XETs help to regulate the growth and elongation of Huangguogan shoots and roots. We confirmed a possible role for XET during seedling etiolation. Our results revealed that the roots of etiolated seedlings (H-E) were longer than those of green seedlings (H-G). However, shoot length exhibited the opposite pattern. We also observed positive and negative effects on the xyloglucan-degrading activity of XET in the root sub-apical region and shoots of etiolated Huangguogan seedling, respectively. There was a significant down-regulation in CitXET expression in the etiolated shoots at 15 days after seed germination. On the contrary, it was significantly increased in the root sub-apical region of etiolated and multicolored seedlings at 15 days after seed germination. The XET coding sequence (i.e., CitXET) was cloned from Huangguogan seedlings using gene-specific primers. The encoded amino acid sequence was predicted by using bioinformatics-based methods. The 990-bp CitXET gene was highly homologous to other XET genes. The CitXET protein was predicted to contain 319 amino acids, with a molecular mass of 37.45 kDa and an isoelectric point of 9.05. The predicted molecular formula was C1724H2548N448O466S14, and the resulting protein included only one transmembrane structure. The CitXET secondary structure consisted of four main structures (i.e., 21% α-helix, 30.72% extended strand, 9.09% β-turn, and 39.18% random coil). Analyses involving the NCBI Conserved Domains Database (NCBI-CDD), InterPro, and ScanProsite revealed that CitXET was a member of the glycosyl hydrolase family 16 (GH16), and included the DEIDFEFLG motif. Our results indicate that the differed degrees of etiolation influenced the CitXET expression pattern and XET activity in Huangguogan seedlings. The differential changes in XET activity and CitXET expression levels in Huangguogan seedlings may influence the regulation of root and shoot development, and may be important for seedling etiolation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Xiong
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xianjie Gu
- Mianyang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Mianyang, Sichuan, China
| | - Xia Qiu
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhixiang Dong
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Shuang Ye
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Guochao Sun
- Institute of Pomology and Olericulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Shengjia Huang
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xinya Liu
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Lijuan Xi
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhihui Wang
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Institute of Pomology and Olericulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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12
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The Role of Specialized Photoreceptors in the Protection of Energy‐Rich Tissues. AGRONOMY-BASEL 2017. [DOI: 10.3390/agronomy7010023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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13
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Iurlaro A, De Caroli M, Sabella E, De Pascali M, Rampino P, De Bellis L, Perrotta C, Dalessandro G, Piro G, Fry SC, Lenucci MS. Drought and Heat Differentially Affect XTH Expression and XET Activity and Action in 3-Day-Old Seedlings of Durum Wheat Cultivars with Different Stress Susceptibility. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:1686. [PMID: 27891140 PMCID: PMC5102909 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.01686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2016] [Accepted: 10/26/2016] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Heat and drought stress have emerged as major constraints for durum wheat production. In the Mediterranean area, their negative effect on crop productivity is expected to be exacerbated by the occurring climate change. Xyloglucan endotransglucosylase/hydrolases (XTHs) are chief enzymes in cell wall remodeling, whose relevance in cell expansion and morphogenesis suggests a central role in stress responses. In this work the potential role of XTHs in abiotic stress tolerance was investigated in durum wheat. The separate effects of dehydration and heat exposure on XTH expression and its endotransglucosylase (XET) in vitro activity and in vivo action have been monitored, up to 24 h, in the apical and sub-apical root regions and shoots excised from 3-day-old seedlings of durum wheat cultivars differing in stress susceptibility/tolerance. Dehydration and heat stress differentially influence the XTH expression profiles and the activity and action of XET in the wheat seedlings, depending on the degree of susceptibility/tolerance of the cultivars, the organ, the topological region of the root and, within the root, on the gradient of cell differentiation. The root apical region was the zone mainly affected by both treatments in all assayed cultivars, while no change in XET activity was observed at shoot level, irrespective of susceptibility/tolerance, confirming the pivotal role of the root in stress perception, signaling, and response. Conflicting effects were observed depending on stress type: dehydration evoked an overall increase, at least in the apical region of the root, of XET activity and action, while a significant inhibition was caused by heat treatment in most cultivars. The data suggest that differential changes in XET action in defined portions of the root of young durum wheat seedlings may have a role as a response to drought and heat stress, thus contributing to seedling survival and crop establishment. A thorough understanding of the mechanisms underlying these variations could represent the theoretical basis for implementing breeding strategies to develop new highly productive hybrids adapted to future climate scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Iurlaro
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche ed Ambientali, Università del SalentoLecce, Italy
| | - Monica De Caroli
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche ed Ambientali, Università del SalentoLecce, Italy
| | - Erika Sabella
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche ed Ambientali, Università del SalentoLecce, Italy
| | - Mariarosaria De Pascali
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche ed Ambientali, Università del SalentoLecce, Italy
| | - Patrizia Rampino
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche ed Ambientali, Università del SalentoLecce, Italy
| | - Luigi De Bellis
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche ed Ambientali, Università del SalentoLecce, Italy
| | - Carla Perrotta
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche ed Ambientali, Università del SalentoLecce, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Dalessandro
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche ed Ambientali, Università del SalentoLecce, Italy
| | - Gabriella Piro
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche ed Ambientali, Università del SalentoLecce, Italy
| | - Stephen C. Fry
- The Edinburgh Cell Wall Group, Institute of Molecular Plant Sciences, The University of EdinburghEdinburgh, UK
| | - Marcello S. Lenucci
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche ed Ambientali, Università del SalentoLecce, Italy
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14
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Ding Z, Zhang Y, Xiao Y, Liu F, Wang M, Zhu X, Liu P, Sun Q, Wang W, Peng M, Brutnell T, Li P. Transcriptome response of cassava leaves under natural shade. Sci Rep 2016; 6:31673. [PMID: 27539510 PMCID: PMC4990974 DOI: 10.1038/srep31673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2016] [Accepted: 07/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cassava is an important staple crop in tropical and sub-tropical areas. As a common farming practice, cassava is usually cultivated intercropping with other crops and subjected to various degrees of shading, which causes reduced productivity. Herein, a comparative transcriptomic analysis was performed on a series of developmental cassava leaves under both full sunlight and natural shade conditions. Gene expression profiles of these two conditions exhibited similar developmental transitions, e.g. genes related to cell wall and basic cellular metabolism were highly expressed in immature leaves, genes involved in lipid metabolism and tetrapyrrole synthesis were highly expressed during the transition stages, and genes related to photosynthesis and carbohydrates metabolism were highly expressed in mature leaves. Compared with the control, shade significantly induced the expression of genes involved in light reaction of photosynthesis, light signaling and DNA synthesis/chromatin structure; however, the genes related to anthocyanins biosynthesis, heat shock, calvin cycle, glycolysis, TCA cycle, mitochondrial electron transport, and starch and sucrose metabolisms were dramatically depressed. Moreover, the shade also influenced the expression of hormone-related genes and transcriptional factors. The findings would improve our understanding of molecular mechanisms of shade response, and shed light on pathways associated with shade-avoidance syndrome for cassava improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zehong Ding
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Tropical Crops, The Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology (ITBB), Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences (CATAS), Haikou, Hainan 571101, China
| | - Yang Zhang
- Center for Plant Science Innovation, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68583, USA.,Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68583, USA
| | - Yi Xiao
- CAS-Key laboratory of Computational Biology, CAS-MPG Partner Institute for Computational Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, CAS, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Fangfang Liu
- Department of Statistics, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA
| | - Minghui Wang
- Computational Biology Service Unit, Life Sciences Core Laboratories Center, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14850, USA
| | - Xinguang Zhu
- CAS-Key laboratory of Computational Biology, CAS-MPG Partner Institute for Computational Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, CAS, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Peng Liu
- Department of Statistics, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA
| | - Qi Sun
- Computational Biology Service Unit, Life Sciences Core Laboratories Center, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14850, USA
| | - Wenquan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Tropical Crops, The Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology (ITBB), Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences (CATAS), Haikou, Hainan 571101, China
| | - Ming Peng
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Tropical Crops, The Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology (ITBB), Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences (CATAS), Haikou, Hainan 571101, China
| | - Tom Brutnell
- Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St. Louis, Missouri 63132, USA
| | - Pinghua Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Agronomic Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, China
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15
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Le Gall H, Philippe F, Domon JM, Gillet F, Pelloux J, Rayon C. Cell Wall Metabolism in Response to Abiotic Stress. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2015; 4:112-66. [PMID: 27135320 PMCID: PMC4844334 DOI: 10.3390/plants4010112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 589] [Impact Index Per Article: 65.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2014] [Revised: 02/05/2015] [Accepted: 02/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
This review focuses on the responses of the plant cell wall to several abiotic stresses including drought, flooding, heat, cold, salt, heavy metals, light, and air pollutants. The effects of stress on cell wall metabolism are discussed at the physiological (morphogenic), transcriptomic, proteomic and biochemical levels. The analysis of a large set of data shows that the plant response is highly complex. The overall effects of most abiotic stress are often dependent on the plant species, the genotype, the age of the plant, the timing of the stress application, and the intensity of this stress. This shows the difficulty of identifying a common pattern of stress response in cell wall architecture that could enable adaptation and/or resistance to abiotic stress. However, in most cases, two main mechanisms can be highlighted: (i) an increased level in xyloglucan endotransglucosylase/hydrolase (XTH) and expansin proteins, associated with an increase in the degree of rhamnogalacturonan I branching that maintains cell wall plasticity and (ii) an increased cell wall thickening by reinforcement of the secondary wall with hemicellulose and lignin deposition. Taken together, these results show the need to undertake large-scale analyses, using multidisciplinary approaches, to unravel the consequences of stress on the cell wall. This will help identify the key components that could be targeted to improve biomass production under stress conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyacinthe Le Gall
- EA3900-BIOPI, Biologie des Plantes et Innovation, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, 80039 Amiens, France.
| | - Florian Philippe
- EA3900-BIOPI, Biologie des Plantes et Innovation, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, 80039 Amiens, France.
| | - Jean-Marc Domon
- EA3900-BIOPI, Biologie des Plantes et Innovation, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, 80039 Amiens, France.
| | - Françoise Gillet
- EA3900-BIOPI, Biologie des Plantes et Innovation, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, 80039 Amiens, France.
| | - Jérôme Pelloux
- EA3900-BIOPI, Biologie des Plantes et Innovation, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, 80039 Amiens, France.
| | - Catherine Rayon
- EA3900-BIOPI, Biologie des Plantes et Innovation, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, 80039 Amiens, France.
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16
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Fortunato AE, Annunziata R, Jaubert M, Bouly JP, Falciatore A. Dealing with light: the widespread and multitasking cryptochrome/photolyase family in photosynthetic organisms. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2015; 172:42-54. [PMID: 25087009 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2014.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2014] [Revised: 06/17/2014] [Accepted: 06/19/2014] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Light is essential for the life of photosynthetic organisms as it is a source of energy and information from the environment. Light excess or limitation can be a cause of stress however. Photosynthetic organisms exhibit sophisticated mechanisms to adjust their physiology and growth to the local environmental light conditions. The cryptochrome/photolyase family (CPF) is composed of flavoproteins with similar structures that display a variety of light-dependent functions. This family encompasses photolyases, blue-light activated enzymes that repair ultraviolet-light induced DNA damage, and cryptochromes, known for their photoreceptor functions in terrestrial plants. For this review, we searched extensively for CPFs in the available genome databases to trace the distribution and evolution of this protein family in photosynthetic organisms. By merging molecular data with current knowledge from the functional characterization of CPFs from terrestrial and aquatic organisms, we discuss their roles in (i) photoperception, (ii) biological rhythm regulation and (iii) light-induced stress responses. We also explore their possible implication in light-related physiological acclimation and their distribution in phototrophs living in different environments. The outcome of this structure-function analysis reconstructs the complex scenarios in which CPFs have evolved, as highlighted by the novel functions and biochemical properties of the most recently described family members in algae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Emidio Fortunato
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR 7238, Computational and Quantitative Biology, F-75006 Paris, France; CNRS, UMR 7238, Computational and Quantitative Biology, F-75006 Paris, France
| | - Rossella Annunziata
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR 7238, Computational and Quantitative Biology, F-75006 Paris, France; CNRS, UMR 7238, Computational and Quantitative Biology, F-75006 Paris, France
| | - Marianne Jaubert
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR 7238, Computational and Quantitative Biology, F-75006 Paris, France; CNRS, UMR 7238, Computational and Quantitative Biology, F-75006 Paris, France
| | - Jean-Pierre Bouly
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR 7238, Computational and Quantitative Biology, F-75006 Paris, France; CNRS, UMR 7238, Computational and Quantitative Biology, F-75006 Paris, France.
| | - Angela Falciatore
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR 7238, Computational and Quantitative Biology, F-75006 Paris, France; CNRS, UMR 7238, Computational and Quantitative Biology, F-75006 Paris, France.
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17
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Martínez-García JF, Gallemí M, Molina-Contreras MJ, Llorente B, Bevilaqua MRR, Quail PH. The shade avoidance syndrome in Arabidopsis: the antagonistic role of phytochrome a and B differentiates vegetation proximity and canopy shade. PLoS One 2014; 9:e109275. [PMID: 25333270 PMCID: PMC4204825 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0109275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2014] [Accepted: 09/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Light limitation caused by dense vegetation is one of the greatest threats to plant survival in natural environments. Plants detect such neighboring vegetation as a reduction in the red to far-red ratio (R:FR) of the incoming light. The low R:FR signal, perceived by phytochromes, initiates a set of responses collectively known as the shade avoidance syndrome, intended to reduce the degree of current or future shade from neighbors by overtopping such competitors or inducing flowering to ensure seed production. At the seedling stage these responses include increased hypocotyl elongation. We have systematically analyzed the Arabidopsis seedling response and the contribution of phyA and phyB to perception of decreased R:FR, at three different levels of photosynthetically active radiation. Our results show that the shade avoidance syndrome, induced by phyB deactivation, is gradually antagonized by phyA, operating through the so-called FR-High Irradiance Response, in response to high FR levels in a range that simulates plant canopy shade. The data indicate that the R:FR signal distinguishes between the presence of proximal, but non-shading, neighbors and direct foliar shade, via a intrafamily photosensory attenuation mechanism that acts to suppress excessive reversion toward skotomorphogenic development under prolonged direct vegetation shade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaime F. Martínez-García
- Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats, Barcelona, Spain
- Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CRAG), Consortium CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB, Barcelona, Spain
- * E-mail:
| | - Marçal Gallemí
- Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CRAG), Consortium CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Briardo Llorente
- Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CRAG), Consortium CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maycon R. R. Bevilaqua
- Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CRAG), Consortium CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB, Barcelona, Spain
- CAPES foundation, Ministry of Education of Brazil, Brasilia - DF, Brazil
| | - Peter H. Quail
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California, United States of America
- US Department of Agriculture/Agriculture Research Service, Plant Gene Expression Center, Albany, California, United States of America
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18
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Patel D, Basu M, Hayes S, Majláth I, Hetherington FM, Tschaplinski TJ, Franklin KA. Temperature-dependent shade avoidance involves the receptor-like kinase ERECTA. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2013; 73:980-992. [PMID: 23199031 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.12088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2012] [Revised: 11/22/2012] [Accepted: 11/27/2012] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Plants detect the presence of neighbouring vegetation by monitoring changes in the ratio of red (R) to far-red (FR) wavelengths (R:FR) in ambient light. Reductions in R:FR are perceived by the phytochrome family of plant photoreceptors and initiate a suite of developmental responses termed the shade avoidance syndrome. These include increased elongation growth of stems and petioles, enabling plants to overtop competing vegetation. The majority of shade avoidance experiments are performed at standard laboratory growing temperatures (>20°C). In these conditions, elongation responses to low R:FR are often accompanied by reductions in leaf development and accumulation of plant biomass. Here we investigated shade avoidance responses at a cooler temperature (16°C). In these conditions, Arabidopsis thaliana displays considerable low R:FR-mediated increases in leaf area, with reduced low R:FR-mediated petiole elongation and leaf hyponasty responses. In Landsberg erecta, these strikingly different shade avoidance phenotypes are accompanied by increased leaf thickness, increased biomass and an altered metabolite profile. At 16°C, low R:FR treatment results in the accumulation of soluble sugars and metabolites associated with cold acclimation. Analyses of natural genetic variation in shade avoidance responses at 16°C have revealed a regulatory role for the receptor-like kinase ERECTA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhaval Patel
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1UG, UK
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